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Lu B, Ru Y, Hao R, Yang Y, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang Y, Mao Y, Yang R, Pan Y, Yu S, Zheng H, Cui Y. A ferritin-based nanoparticle displaying a neutralizing epitope for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) confers partial protection in guinea pigs. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:301. [PMID: 38971791 PMCID: PMC11227194 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, that leads to significant economic losses in affected countries and regions. Currently, there is an evident inclination towards the utilization of nanoparticles as powerful platforms for innovative vaccine development. Therefore, this study developed a ferritin-based nanoparticle (FNP) vaccine that displays a neutralizing epitope of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 (aa 140-158) on the surface of FNP, and evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of these FNPs in mouse and guinea pig models to provide a strategy for developing potential FMD vaccines. RESULTS This study expressed the recombinant proteins Hpf, HPF-NE and HPF-T34E via an E. coli expression system. The results showed that the recombinant proteins Hpf, Hpf-NE and Hpf-T34E could be effectively assembled into nanoparticles. Subsequently, we evaluated the immunogenicity of the Hpf, Hpf-NE and Hpf-T34E proteins in mice, as well as the immunogenicity and protectiveness of the Hpf-T34E protein in guinea pigs. The results of the mouse experiment showed that the immune efficacy in the Hpf-T34E group was greater than the Hpf-NE group. The results from guinea pigs immunized with Hpf-T34E showed that the immune efficacy was largely consistent with the immunogenicity of the FMD inactivated vaccine (IV) and could confer partial protection against FMDV challenge in guinea pigs. CONCLUSIONS The Hpf-T34E nanoparticles stand out as a superior choice for a subunit vaccine candidate against FMD, offering effective protection in FMDV-infected model animals. FNP-based vaccines exhibit excellent safety and immunogenicity, thus representing a promising strategy for the continued development of highly efficient and safe FMD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhou Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yi Ru
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rongzeng Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yajun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yuhan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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Kamboj A, Dumka S, Saxena MK, Singh Y, Kaur BP, da Silva SJR, Kumar S. A Comprehensive Review of Our Understanding and Challenges of Viral Vaccines against Swine Pathogens. Viruses 2024; 16:833. [PMID: 38932126 PMCID: PMC11209531 DOI: 10.3390/v16060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pig farming has become a strategically significant and economically important industry across the globe. It is also a potentially vulnerable sector due to challenges posed by transboundary diseases in which viral infections are at the forefront. Among the porcine viral diseases, African swine fever, classical swine fever, foot and mouth disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, pseudorabies, swine influenza, and transmissible gastroenteritis are some of the diseases that cause substantial economic losses in the pig industry. It is a well-established fact that vaccination is undoubtedly the most effective strategy to control viral infections in animals. From the period of Jenner and Pasteur to the recent new-generation technology era, the development of vaccines has contributed significantly to reducing the burden of viral infections on animals and humans. Inactivated and modified live viral vaccines provide partial protection against key pathogens. However, there is a need to improve these vaccines to address emerging infections more comprehensively and ensure their safety. The recent reports on new-generation vaccines against swine viruses like DNA, viral-vector-based replicon, chimeric, peptide, plant-made, virus-like particle, and nanoparticle-based vaccines are very encouraging. The current review gathers comprehensive information on the available vaccines and the future perspectives on porcine viral vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Kamboj
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India; (A.K.); (M.K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Shaurya Dumka
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (B.P.K.)
| | - Mumtesh Kumar Saxena
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India; (A.K.); (M.K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yashpal Singh
- College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, Uttarakhand, India; (A.K.); (M.K.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Bani Preet Kaur
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (B.P.K.)
| | | | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India; (S.D.); (B.P.K.)
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Hsu SC, Lin KH, Tseng YC, Cheng YY, Ma HH, Chen YC, Jan JT, Wu CY, Ma C. An Adjuvanted Vaccine-Induced Pathogenesis Following Influenza Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:569. [PMID: 38932298 PMCID: PMC11209567 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An incomplete Freund's adjuvant elicited an overt pathogenesis in vaccinated mice following the intranasal challenge of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) virus despite the induction of a higher specific antibody titer than other adjuvanted formulations. Aluminum hydroxide adjuvants have not induced any pathogenic signs in a variety of formulations with glycolipids. A glycolipid, α-galactosyl ceramide, improved a stimulatory effect of distinct adjuvanted formulations on an anti-influenza A antibody response. In contrast to α-galactosyl ceramide, its synthetic analogue C34 was antagonistic toward a stimulatory effect of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on a specific antibody response. The aluminum hydroxide adjuvant alone could confer complete vaccine-induced protection against mortality as well as morbidity caused by a lethal challenge of the same strain of an influenza A virus. The research results indicated that adjuvants could reshape immune responses either to improve vaccine-induced immunity or to provoke an unexpected pathogenic consequence. On the basis of these observations, this research connotes the prominence to develop a precision adjuvant for innocuous vaccination aimed at generating a protective immunity without aberrant responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiou-Chih Hsu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Kun-Hsien Lin
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Yung-Chieh Tseng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Hsiu-Hua Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115201, Taiwan; (K.-H.L.); (Y.-C.T.); (Y.-Y.C.); (H.-H.M.); (J.-T.J.); (C.-Y.W.); (C.M.)
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Jiao J, Wu P. A meta-analysis on the potency of foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in different animal models. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8931. [PMID: 38637656 PMCID: PMC11026367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Whether mice can be used as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) model has been debated for a long time. However, the major histocompatibility complex between pigs and mice is very different. In this study, the protective effects of FMD vaccines in different animal models were analyzed by a meta-analysis. The databases PubMed, China Knowledge Infrastructure, EMBASE, and Baidu Academic were searched. For this purpose, we evaluated evidence from 14 studies that included 869 animals with FMD vaccines. A random effects model was used to combine effects using Review Manager 5.4 software. A forest plot showed that the protective effects in pigs were statistically non-significant from those in mice [MH = 0.56, 90% CI (0.20, 1.53), P = 0.26]. The protective effects in pigs were also statistically non-significant from those in guinea pigs [MH = 0.67, 95% CI (0.37, 1.21), P = 0.18] and suckling mice [MH = 1.70, 95% CI (0.10, 28.08), P = 0.71]. Non-inferiority test could provide a hypothesis that the models (mice, suckling mice and guinea pigs) could replace pigs as FMDV vaccine models to test the protective effect of the vaccine. Strict standard procedures should be established to promote the assumption that mice and guinea pigs should replace pigs in vaccine evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, Shihezi, China
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, China
| | - Peng Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource Utilization, Shihezi, China.
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Oasis Town and Mountain-Basin System Ecology, Shihezi, China.
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5
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Jiao J, Wu P. A meta-analysis: the efficacy and effectiveness of polypeptide vaccines protect pigs from foot and mouth disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21868. [PMID: 36536158 PMCID: PMC9763257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protective effects of peptides on pigs are controversial. In this study, meta-analysis was used to analyze the protective immune response of peptides. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Wanfang Data, Cochrane Library, Embase, and gray literature sources were searched for FMDV articles published from the inception of the databases to March 2022. Of the 1403 articles obtained, 14 were selected using inclusion criteria. The experimental data on polypeptide vaccines were analyzed using Microsoft Office Home and Student 2019 Software. From the results, polypeptide vaccine doses (PPVDs) ≤ 1 mg offered protection against FMDV in 69.41% pigs lower than World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) standard (75%, 12/16). PPVDs ≥ 2 mg provided protection against FMDV in 97.22% pigs. When the two groups were compared directly, PPVDs ≥ 2 mg (93.75%) was higher than PPVDs ≤ 1 mg (63.16%). PPVDs ≤ 1 mg provided protection 56% pigs and the inactivated vaccine was 93.33% in direct comparison. In conclusion, PPVDs has a dose-dependent protective effect on pigs and PPVDs ≤ 1 mg group was lower than the inactivated vaccines group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Jiao
- grid.411680.a0000 0001 0514 4044College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Peng Wu
- grid.411680.a0000 0001 0514 4044College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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6
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Lu Z, Yu S, Wang W, Chen W, Wang X, Wu K, Li X, Fan S, Ding H, Yi L, Chen J. Development of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccines in Recent Years. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1817. [PMID: 36366327 PMCID: PMC9693445 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a serious disease affecting the global graziery industry. Once an epidemic occurs, it can lead to economic and trade stagnation. In recent decades, FMD has been effectively controlled and even successfully eradicated in some countries or regions through mandatory vaccination with inactivated foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Nevertheless, FMD still occurs in some parts of Africa and Asia. The transmission efficiency of foot-and-mouth disease is high. Both disease countries and disease-free countries should always be prepared to deal with outbreaks of FMD. The development of vaccines has played a key role in this regard. This paper summarizes the development of several promising vaccines including progress and design ideas. It also provides ways to develop a new generation of vaccines for FMDV and other major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenxian Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Keke Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaowen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shuangqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jingding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, No. 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Tomás H, Majoral JP. Dendrimer nanoplatforms for veterinary medicine applications: A concise overview. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1251-1260. [PMID: 34999213 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the nanoparticle (NP) space, dendrimers are becoming increasingly important in the field of nanomedicine, not only to treat human diseases, but also in veterinary medicine, which represents a new therapeutic approach. Major applications include using dendrimers to tackle highly contagious foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and swine fever virus (SFV) in pigs, FMDV in cattle, hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) in dogs, rabies, and H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. As we review here, intramuscular (im) subcutaneous (sc), intravenous (iv), and intraperitoneal (ip) routes of administration can be used for the successful application of dendrimers in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Mignani
- Université Paris Descartes, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 860, Laboratoire de Chimie et de Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, 45, Rue des Saints Peres, 75006 Paris, France; CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal.
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
| | - João Rodrigues
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Nano Energy Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Helena Tomás
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, MMRG, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, 205 route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Université Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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Avidity of Polyclonal Antibodies to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Bovine Serum Measured Using Bio-Layer Interferometry. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040714. [PMID: 35458444 PMCID: PMC9027280 DOI: 10.3390/v14040714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of cloven-hoofed livestock caused by FMD virus (FMDV). FMD can be controlled through the use of inactivated vaccines, and it is well established that the protection afforded by FMD vaccines correlates strongly with neutralising antibody titres. However, the overall strength of binding, referred to as avidity, is also an important parameter with respect to the ability of antibodies to neutralise virus infection, and there is evidence that avidity can affect the level of protection afforded by FMDV vaccines. Here, as an alternative to modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (avidity ELISAs) incorporating a chaotropic wash step, we used bio-layer interferometry (BLI) to measure the avidity of bovine polyclonal antibodies against FMDV capsids. We conducted preliminary experiments using recombinant FMDV capsids, as well as peptides representing antigenic loops, to demonstrate that the binding of monoclonal antibodies targeting specific antigenic sites could be detected using BLI. Subsequent experiments using polyclonal sera derived from FMD vaccinated cattle provided evidence of a positive correlation between the neutralising titre of the serum and the avidity as measured by BLI. Furthermore, we observed an increase in BLI avidity, as well as in the titre, in vaccinated animals upon challenge with the live virus.
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Yang J, Yang B, Wang Y, Zhang T, Hao Y, Cui H, Zhao D, Yuan X, Chen X, Shen C, Yan W, Zheng H, Zhang K, Liu X. Profiling and functional analysis of differentially expressed circular RNAs identified in foot-and-mouth disease virus infected PK-15 cells. Vet Res 2022; 53:24. [PMID: 35313983 PMCID: PMC8935690 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new type of endogenous noncoding RNA that exhibit a variety of biological functions. However, it is not clear whether they are involved in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection and host response. In this study, we established circRNA expression profiles in FMDV-infected PK-15 cells using RNA-seq (RNA-sequencing) technology analysis. The biological function of the differentially expressed circRNAs was determined by protein interaction network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment. We found 1100 differentially expressed circRNAs (675 downregulated and 425 upregulated) which were involved in various biological processes such as protein ubiquitination modification, cell cycle regulation, RNA transport, and autophagy. We also found that circRNAs identified after FMDV infection may be involved in the host cell immune response. RNA-Seq results were validated by circRNAs qRT-PCR. In this study, we analyzed for the first time circRNAs expression profile and the biological function of these genes after FMDV infection of host cells. The results provide new insights into the interactions between FMDV and host cells.
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Abstract
Ensuring the maximum standards of quality and welfare in animal production requires developing effective tools to halt and prevent the spread of the high number of infectious diseases affecting animal husbandry. Many of these diseases are caused by pathogens of viral etiology. To date, one of the best strategies is to implement preventive vaccination policies whenever possible. However, many of the currently manufactured animal vaccines still rely in classical vaccine technologies (killed or attenuated vaccines). Under some circumstances, these vaccines may not be optimal in terms of safety and immunogenicity, nor adequate for widespread application in disease-free countries at risk of disease introduction. One step ahead is needed to improve and adapt vaccine manufacturing to the use of new generation vaccine technologies already tested in experimental settings. In the context of viral diseases of veterinary interest, we overview current vaccine technologies that can be approached, with a brief insight in the type of immunity elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Brun
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Instituto de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain.
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Mignani S, Shi X, Rodrigues J, Tomás H, Majoral JP. Dendrimer nanoplatforms for veterinary medicine applications: A concise overview. Drug Discov Today 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Gerner W, Mair KH, Schmidt S. Local and Systemic T Cell Immunity in Fighting Pig Viral and Bacterial Infections. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2021; 10:349-372. [PMID: 34724393 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-013120-044226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
T cells are an essential component of the adaptive immune system. Over the last 15 years, a constantly growing toolbox with which to study T cell biology in pigs has allowed detailed investigations on these cells in various viral and bacterial infections. This review provides an overview on porcine CD4, CD8, and γδ T cells and the current knowledge on the differentiation of these cells following antigen encounter. Where available, the responses of these cells to viral infections like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, classical swine fever virus, swine influenza A virus, and African swine fever virus are outlined. In addition, knowledge on the porcine T cell response to bacterial infections like Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Salmonella Typhimurium is reviewed. For CD4 T cells, the response to the outlined infections is reflected toward the Th1/Th2/Th17/Tfh/Treg paradigm for functional differentiation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Volume 10 is February 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Gerner
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom; ,
| | - Kerstin H Mair
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Optimized Prediction of Vaccination Success in Pigs, Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; .,Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria
| | - Selma Schmidt
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, United Kingdom; ,
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Zhang F, Zhang Z, Li X, Li J, Lv J, Ma Z, Pan L. Immune Responses to Orally Administered Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing Multi-Epitope Proteins Targeting M Cells of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102036. [PMID: 34696469 PMCID: PMC8537116 DOI: 10.3390/v13102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV), whose transmission occurs through mucosal surfaces, can also be transmitted through aerosols, direct contact, and pollutants. Therefore, mucosal immunity can efficiently inhibit viral colonization. Since vaccine material delivery into immune sites is important for efficient oral mucosal vaccination, the M cell-targeting approach is important for effective vaccination given M cells are vital for luminal antigen influx into the mucosal lymph tissues. In this study, we coupled M cell-targeting ligand Co1 to multi-epitope TB1 of FMDV to obtain TB1-Co1 in order to improve delivery efficiency of the multi-epitope protein antigen TB1. Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) was engineered to express heterologous antigens for applications as vaccine vehicles with the ability to elicit mucosal as well as systemic immune responses. We successfully constructed L. lactis (recombinant) with the ability to express multi-epitope antigen proteins (TB1 and TB1-Co1) of the FMDV serotype A (named L. lactis-TB1 and L. lactis-TB1-Co1). Then, we investigated the immunogenic potential of the constructed recombinant L. lactis in mice and guinea pigs. Orally administered L. lactis-TB1 as well as L. lactis-TB1-Co1 in mice effectively induced mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) and IgG secretion, development of a strong cell-mediated immune reactions, substantial T lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen, and upregulated IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-5 levels. Orally administered ligand-conjugated TB1 promoted specific IgG as well as SIgA responses in systemic and mucosal surfaces, respectively, when compared to orally administered TB1 alone. Then, guinea pigs were orally vaccinated with L. lactis-TB1-Co1 plus adjuvant CpG-ODN at three different doses, L. lactis-TB1-Co1, and PBS. Animals that had been immunized with L. lactis-TB1-Co1 plus adjuvant CpG-ODN and L. lactis-TB1-Co1 developed elevated antigen-specific serum IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibody, and mucosal SIgA levels, when compared to control groups. Particularly, in mice, L. lactis-TB1-Co1 exhibited excellent immune effects than L. lactis-TB1. Therefore, L. lactis-TB1-Co1 can induce elevations in mucosal as well as systemic immune reactions, and to a certain extent, provide protection against FMDV. In conclusion, M cell-targeting approaches can be employed in the development of effective oral mucosa vaccines for FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (F.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhongwang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (F.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Xian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (F.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jiahao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (F.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jianliang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (F.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Zhongyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (F.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
| | - Li Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China; (F.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.L.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (Z.M.)
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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Cañas-Arranz R, de León P, Defaus S, Torres E, Forner M, Bustos MJ, Andreu D, Blanco E, Sobrino F. Immunogenicity of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Dendrimer Peptides: Need for a T-Cell Epitope and Ability to Elicit Heterotypic Responses. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164714. [PMID: 34443302 PMCID: PMC8398643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An approach based on a dendrimer display of B- and T-cell epitopes relevant for antibody induction has been shown to be effective as a foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine. B2T dendrimers combining two copies of the major FMD virus (FMDV) type O B-cell epitope (capsid proteinVP1 (140–158)) covalently linked to a heterotypic T-cell epitope from non-structural protein 3A (21–35), henceforth B2T-3A, has previously been shown to elicit high neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers and IFN-γ-producing cells in both mice and pigs. Here, we provide evidence that the B- and T-cell epitopes need to be tethered to a single molecular platform for successful T-cell help, leading to efficient nAb induction in mice. In addition, mice immunized with a non-covalent mixture of B2T-3A dendrimers containing the B-cell epitopes of FMDV types O and C induced similarly high nAb levels against both serotypes, opening the way for a multivalent vaccine platform against a variety of serologically different FMDVs. These findings are relevant for the design of vaccine strategies based on B- and T-cell epitope combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (M.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Elisa Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (E.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (M.F.); (D.A.)
| | - María J. Bustos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (M.F.); (D.A.)
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain; (E.T.); (E.B.)
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Exosome-Based Vaccines: Pros and Cons in the World of Animal Health. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081499. [PMID: 34452364 PMCID: PMC8402771 DOI: 10.3390/v13081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and new and more complex diseases that affect livestock animal health and food security, the control of epidemics has become a top priority worldwide. Vaccination represents the most important and cost-effective measure to control infectious diseases in animal health, but it represents only 23% of the total global animal health market, highlighting the need to develop new vaccines. A recent strategy in animal health vaccination is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer nanovesicles produced by almost all living cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. EVs have been evaluated as a prominent source of viral antigens to elicit specific immune responses and to develop new vaccination platforms as viruses and EVs share biogenesis pathways. Preliminary trials with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection (LCMV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Marek's disease virus (MDV) have demonstrated that EVs have a role in the activation of cellular and antibody immune responses. Moreover, in parasitic diseases such as Eimeria (chickens) and Plasmodium yoelii (mice) protection has been achieved. Research into EVs is therefore opening an opportunity for new strategies to overcome old problems affecting food security, animal health, and emerging diseases. Here, we review different conventional approaches for vaccine design and compare them with examples of EV-based vaccines that have already been tested in relation to animal health.
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Forner M, Cañas-Arranz R, Defaus S, de León P, Rodríguez-Pulido M, Ganges L, Blanco E, Sobrino F, Andreu D. Peptide-Based Vaccines: Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, a Paradigm in Animal Health. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050477. [PMID: 34066901 PMCID: PMC8150788 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are considered one of the greatest global health achievements, improving the welfare of society by saving lives and substantially reducing the burden of infectious diseases. However, few vaccines are fully effective, for reasons ranging from intrinsic limitations to more contingent shortcomings related, e.g., to cold chain transport, handling and storage. In this context, subunit vaccines where the essential antigenic traits (but not the entire pathogen) are presented in rationally designed fashion have emerged as an attractive alternative to conventional ones. In particular, this includes the option of fully synthetic peptide vaccines able to mimic well-defined B- and T-cell epitopes from the infectious agent and to induce protection against it. Although, in general, linear peptides have been associated to low immunogenicity and partial protection, there are several strategies to address such issues. In this review, we report the progress towards the development of peptide-based vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) a highly transmissible, economically devastating animal disease. Starting from preliminary experiments using single linear B-cell epitopes, recent research has led to more complex and successful second-generation vaccines featuring peptide dendrimers containing multiple copies of B- and T-cell epitopes against FMD virus or classical swine fever virus (CSFV). The usefulness of this strategy to prevent other animal and human diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), OIE Reference Laboratory for Classical Swine Fever, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), 28130 Valdeolmos, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut (DCEXS-UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
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17
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Rangel G, Bárcena J, Moreno N, Mata CP, Castón JR, Alejo A, Blanco E. Chimeric RHDV Virus-Like Particles Displaying Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Epitopes Elicit Neutralizing Antibodies and Confer Partial Protection in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050470. [PMID: 34066934 PMCID: PMC8148555 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently there is a clear trend towards the establishment of virus-like particles (VLPs) as a powerful tool for vaccine development. VLPs are tunable nanoparticles that can be engineered to be used as platforms for multimeric display of foreign antigens. We have previously reported that VLPs derived from rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) constitute an excellent vaccine vector, capable of inducing specific protective immune responses against inserted heterologous T-cytotoxic and B-cell epitopes. Here, we evaluate the ability of chimeric RHDV VLPs to elicit immune response and protection against Foot-and-Mouth disease virus (FMDV), one of the most devastating livestock diseases. For this purpose, we generated a set of chimeric VLPs containing two FMDV-derived epitopes: a neutralizing B-cell epitope (VP1 (140-158)) and a T-cell epitope [3A (21-35)]. The epitopes were inserted joined or individually at two different locations within the RHDV capsid protein. The immunogenicity and protection potential of the chimeric VLPs were analyzed in the mouse and pig models. Herein we show that the RHDV engineered VLPs displaying FMDV-derived epitopes elicit a robust neutralizing immune response in mice and pigs, affording partial clinical protection against an FMDV challenge in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Rangel
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, CSIC-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.); (J.B.); (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Juan Bárcena
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, CSIC-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.); (J.B.); (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Noelia Moreno
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, CSIC-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.); (J.B.); (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Carlos P. Mata
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.M.); (J.R.C.)
| | - José R. Castón
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología/CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (C.P.M.); (J.R.C.)
| | - Alí Alejo
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, CSIC-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.); (J.B.); (N.M.); (A.A.)
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA, CSIC-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain; (G.R.); (J.B.); (N.M.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-916-202-300
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de León P, Cañas-Arranz R, Defaus S, Torres E, Forner M, Bustos MJ, Revilla C, Dominguez J, Andreu D, Blanco E, Sobrino F. Swine T-Cells and Specific Antibodies Evoked by Peptide Dendrimers Displaying Different FMDV T-Cell Epitopes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:621537. [PMID: 33613553 PMCID: PMC7886804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.621537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimeric peptide constructs based on a lysine core that comprises both B- and T-cell epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have proven a successful strategy for the development of FMD vaccines. Specifically, B2T dendrimers displaying two copies of the major type O FMDV antigenic B-cell epitope located on the virus capsid [VP1 (140–158)], covalently linked to a heterotypic T-cell epitope from either non-structural protein 3A [3A (21–35)] or 3D [3D (56–70)], named B2T-3A and B2T-3D, respectively, elicit high levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and IFN-γ-producing cells in pigs. To assess whether the inclusion and orientation of T-3A and T-3D T-cell epitopes in a single molecule could modulate immunogenicity, dendrimers with T epitopes juxtaposed in both possible orientations, i.e., constructs B2TT-3A3D and B2TT-3D3A, were made and tested in pigs. Both dendrimers elicited high nAbs titers that broadly neutralized type O FMDVs, although B2TT-3D3A did not respond to boosting, and induced lower IgGs titers, in particular IgG2, than B2TT-3A3D. Pigs immunized with B2, a control dendrimer displaying two B-cell epitope copies and no T-cell epitope, gave no nABs, confirming T-3A and T-3D as T helper epitopes. The T-3D peptide was found to be an immunodominant, as it produced more IFN-γ expressing cells than T-3A in the in vitro recall assay. Besides, in pigs immunized with the different dendrimeric peptides, CD4+ T-cells were the major subset contributing to IFN-γ expression upon in vitro recall, and depletion of CD4+ cells from PBMCs abolished the production of this cytokine. Most CD4+IFN-γ+ cells showed a memory (CD4+2E3−) and a multifunctional phenotype, as they expressed both IFN-γ and TNF-α, suggesting that the peptides induced a potent Th1 pro-inflammatory response. Furthermore, not only the presence, but also the orientation of T-cell epitopes influenced the T-cell response, as B2TT-3D3A and B2 groups had fewer cells expressing both cytokines. These results help understand how B2T-type dendrimers triggers T-cell populations, highlighting their potential as next-generation FMD vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de León
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bustos
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Revilla
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Dominguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Microbes in Health and Welfare Unit, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Lenders V, Koutsoumpou X, Sargsian A, Manshian BB. Biomedical nanomaterials for immunological applications: ongoing research and clinical trials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:5046-5089. [PMID: 36132021 PMCID: PMC9418019 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00478b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Research efforts on nanomaterial-based therapies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and cancer have spiked and have made rapid progress over the past years. Nanomedicine has been shown to contribute significantly to overcome current therapeutic limitations, exhibiting advantages compared to conventional therapeutics, such as sustained drug release, delayed drug degradation and site-specific drug delivery. Multiple nanodrugs have reached the clinic, but translation is often hampered by either low targeting efficiency or undesired side effects. Nanomaterials, and especially inorganic nanoparticles, have gained criticism due to their potential toxic effects, including immunological alterations. However, many strategies have been attempted to improve the therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and exploit their unique properties for the treatment of inflammation and associated diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the immunomodulatory effects of nanomaterials, with a strong focus on the underlying mechanisms that lead to these specific immune responses. Nanomaterials to be discussed include inorganic nanoparticles such as gold, silica and silver, as well as organic nanomaterials such as polymer-, dendrimer-, liposomal- and protein-based nanoparticles. Furthermore, various approaches for tuning nanomaterials in order to enhance their efficacy and attenuate their immune stimulation or suppression, with respect to the therapeutic application, are described. Additionally, we illustrate how the acquired insights have been used to design immunotherapeutic strategies for a variety of diseases. The potential of nanomedicine-based therapeutic strategies in immunotherapy is further illustrated by an up to date overview of current clinical trials. Finally, recent efforts into enhancing immunogenic cell death through the use of nanoparticles are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Lenders
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Xanthippi Koutsoumpou
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Ara Sargsian
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven B-3000 Leuven Belgium
| | - Bella B Manshian
- NanoHealth and Optical Imaging Group, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven B-3000 Leuven Belgium
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de León P, Cañas-Arranz R, Saez Y, Forner M, Defaus S, Cuadra D, Bustos MJ, Torres E, Andreu D, Blanco E, Sobrino F, Hammer SE. Association of Porcine Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) Haplotypes with B- and T-Cell Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Peptides. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030513. [PMID: 32911818 PMCID: PMC7563261 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrimer peptides are promising vaccine candidates against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Several B-cell epitope (B2T) dendrimers, harboring a major FMDV antigenic B-cell site in VP1 protein, are covalently linked to heterotypic T-cell epitopes from 3A and/or 3D proteins, and elicited consistent levels of neutralizing antibodies and IFN-γ-producing cells in pigs. To address the contribution of the highly polymorphic nature of the porcine MHC (SLA, swine leukocyte antigen) on the immunogenicity of B2T dendrimers, low-resolution (Lr) haplotyping was performed. We looked for possible correlations between particular Lr haplotypes with neutralizing antibody and T-cell responses induced by B2T peptides. In this study, 63 pigs immunized with B2T dendrimers and 10 non-immunized (control) animals are analyzed. The results reveal a robust significant correlation between SLA class-II Lr haplotypes and the T-cell response. Similar correlations of T-cell response with SLA class-I Lr haplotypes, and between B-cell antibody response and SLA class-I and SLA class-II Lr haplotypes, were only found when the sample was reduced to animals with Lr haplotypes represented more than once. These results support the contribution of SLA class-II restricted T-cells to the magnitude of the T-cell response and to the antibody response evoked by the B2T dendrimers, being of potential value for peptide vaccine design against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.d.L.); (R.C.-A.); (M.J.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.d.L.); (R.C.-A.); (M.J.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Yago Saez
- Computer Science Department, Universidad Carlos III of Madrid, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Dolores Cuadra
- Computer Science Department, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28933 Móstoles, Spain;
| | - María J. Bustos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.d.L.); (R.C.-A.); (M.J.B.); (E.T.)
| | - Elisa Torres
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.d.L.); (R.C.-A.); (M.J.B.); (E.T.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.); (S.D.); (D.A.)
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (P.d.L.); (R.C.-A.); (M.J.B.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (S.E.H.); Tel.: +34-9119-64493 (F.S.); +43-1-25077-2754 (S.E.H.)
| | - Sabine E. Hammer
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (S.E.H.); Tel.: +34-9119-64493 (F.S.); +43-1-25077-2754 (S.E.H.)
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21
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Cañas-Arranz R, de León P, Forner M, Defaus S, Bustos MJ, Torres E, Andreu D, Blanco E, Sobrino F. Immunogenicity of a Dendrimer B 2T Peptide Harboring a T-Cell Epitope From FMDV Non-structural Protein 3D. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:498. [PMID: 32851051 PMCID: PMC7433650 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic dendrimer peptides are a promising strategy to develop new FMD vaccines. A dendrimer peptide, termed B2T-3A, which harbors two copies of the major FMDV antigenic B-cell site [VP1 (140–158)], covalently linked to a heterotypic T-cell from the non-structural protein 3A [3A (21–35)], has been shown to protect pigs against viral challenge. Interestingly, the modular design of this dendrimer peptide allows modifications aimed at improving its immunogenicity, such as the replacement of the T-cell epitope moiety. Here, we report that a dendrimer peptide, B2T-3D, harboring a T-cell epitope from FMDV 3D protein [3D (56–70)], when inoculated in pigs, elicited consistent levels of neutralizing antibodies and high frequencies of IFN-γ-producing cells upon in vitro recall with the homologous dendrimers, both responses being similar to those evoked by B2T-3A. Lymphocytes from B2T-3A-immunized pigs were in vitro-stimulated by T-3A peptide and to a lesser extent by B-peptide, while those from B2T-3D- immunized animals preferentially recognized the T-3D peptide, suggesting that this epitope is a potent inducer of IFN-γ producing-cells. These results extend the repertoire of T-cell epitopes efficiently recognized by swine lymphocytes and open the possibility of using T-3D to enhance the immunogenicity and the protection conferred by B2T-dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J Bustos
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Torres
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Lee HS, Park SY, Kim AY, Lee SO, Kim JS, Kim H, Youn HJ, Ko YJ. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein carrying a foot-and-mouth disease virus epitope as a vaccine candidate. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1155-1159. [PMID: 32581148 PMCID: PMC7468052 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most highly contagious animal diseases. In an
effort to overcome the drawbacks of the currently used inactivated foot-and-mouth disease
virus vaccine, a novel recombinant protein carrying foot-and-mouth disease virus VP1 GH
loop epitope linked to vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein was expressed in a
baculovirus system. Its antigenicity was confirmed with ELISA using monoclonal antibody
against foot-and-mouth disease virus. Twice immunizations one month apart in field pigs
resulted in a significant antibody increase compared to the glutathione S-transferase
carrier containing the same epitope and the commercial vaccine. To my knowledge, this is
the first report that the recombinant protein vaccine was superior to the current vaccine.
Although further studies are required to examine their immunogenicity in a large number of
animals, this study sheds light on the development of a novel recombinant protein vaccine
that could be easily produced in a general laboratory as an alternative to the current FMD
vaccine, which requires a biosafety level 3 containment facility for vaccine
production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyang-Sim Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Oh Lee
- RespectBio Co., Ltd., Seoul, 04799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Seok Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Youn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Gyeonsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
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23
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Defaus S, Forner M, Cañas-Arranz R, de León P, Bustos MJ, Rodríguez-Pulido M, Blanco E, Sobrino F, Andreu D. Designing Functionally Versatile, Highly Immunogenic Peptide-Based Multiepitopic Vaccines against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8030406. [PMID: 32707834 PMCID: PMC7565419 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A broadly protective and biosafe vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) remains an unmet need in the animal health sector. We have previously reported solid protection against serotype O FMDV afforded by dendrimeric peptide structures harboring virus-specific B- and T-cell epitopes, and also shown such type of multivalent presentations to be advantageous over simple B-T-epitope linear juxtaposition. Chemically, our vaccine platforms are modular constructions readily made from specified B- and T-cell epitope precursor peptides that are conjugated in solution. With the aim of developing an improved version of our formulations to be used for on-demand vaccine applications, we evaluate in this study a novel design for epitope presentation to the immune system based on a multiple antigen peptide (MAP) containing six immunologically relevant motifs arranged in dendrimeric fashion (named B2T-TB2). Interestingly, two B2T units fused tail-to-tail into a single homodimer platform elicited higher B- and T-cell specific responses than former candidates, with immunization scores remaining stable even after 4 months. Moreover, this macromolecular assembly shows consistent immune response in swine, the natural FMDV host, at reduced dose. Thus, our versatile, immunogenic prototype can find application in the development of peptide-based vaccine candidates for various therapeutic uses using safer and more efficacious vaccination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (M.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Cañas-Arranz
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - María J. Bustos
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Pulido
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-P.)
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-A.); (P.d.L.); (M.J.B.); (M.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (S.D.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (D.A.)
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24
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Gnazzo V, Quattrocchi V, Soria I, Pereyra E, Langellotti C, Pedemonte A, Lopez V, Marangunich L, Zamorano P. Mouse model as an efficacy test for foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2507-2520. [PMID: 32320534 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has been linked to the development of a humoral response. In Argentina, the official control tests for assessing the potency of FMD vaccines are protection against podal generalization (PPG) and expected percentage of protection (EPP) curves built with quantitative data of antibodies determined by liquid-phase blocking ELISA (lpELISA). The results of these tests are used to accept or discard vaccines at the batch level. In this report, a mouse model was assessed as an alternative efficacy control for FMDV vaccines. To this aim, groups of cattle (n = 18) and BALB/c mice (n = 16) were inoculated with commercial FMDV vaccines and bleedings were performed 60 days post vaccination (dpv) in cattle and 21 dpv in mice. Specific FMDV antibody titres were measured in both species by a standardized lpELISA. A statistically significant association between antibody levels in cattle and mice has already been demonstrated. However, some vaccines have been misclassified since they were considered protective based on lpELISA results but did not induce good protection in cattle upon challenge. For this reason, other immunological parameters were evaluated to improve the prediction of protection in mice, without the need of using infective virus. In addition, antibody titres by lpELISA, the IgG2b/IgG1 isotype ratio and the Avidity Index were identified as good predictors, resulting in an optimal predictive model of protection. This mouse model could be a simple and economic alternative for testing FMD vaccines since the disadvantages of high costs and facility requirements associated with the use of large animals are overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gnazzo
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Quattrocchi
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ivana Soria
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Erica Pereyra
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Pedemonte
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Lopez
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Marangunich
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Cañas-Arranz R, Forner M, Defaus S, Rodríguez-Pulido M, de León P, Torres E, Bustos MJ, Borrego B, Sáiz M, Blanco E, Andreu D, Sobrino F. A bivalent B-cell epitope dendrimer peptide can confer long-lasting immunity in swine against foot-and-mouth disease. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1614-1622. [PMID: 31994334 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a widely extended contagious disease of livestock. We have previously reported that a synthetic dendrimeric peptide, termed B2 T(mal), consisting of two copies of a B-cell epitope [VP1(140-158)] linked through maleimide groups to a T-cell epitope [3A(21-35)] of FMDV, elicits potent B- and T-cell-specific responses and confers solid protection in pigs to type O FMDV challenge. Longer duration of the protective response and the possibility of inducing protection after a single dose are important requirements for an efficient FMD vaccine. Herein, we show that administration of two doses of B2 T(mal) elicited high levels of specific total IgGs and neutralizing antibodies that lasted 4-5 months after the peptide boost. Additionally, concomitant levels of IFN-γ-producing specific T cells were observed. Immunization with two doses of B2 T(mal) conferred a long-lasting reduced susceptibility to FMDV infection, up to 136 days (19/20 weeks) post-boost. Remarkably, a similar duration of the protective response was achieved by a single dose of B2 T(mal). The effect on the B2 T(mal) vaccine of RNA transcripts derived from non-coding regions in the FMDV genome, known to enhance the immune response and protection induced by a conventional inactivated vaccine, was also analysed. The contribution of our results to the development of FMD dendrimeric vaccines is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mar Forner
- Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia de León
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Torres
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Bustos
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Borrego
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - Margarita Sáiz
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències, Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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26
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A Single Dose of Dendrimer B 2T Peptide Vaccine Partially Protects Pigs against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010019. [PMID: 31936706 PMCID: PMC7157199 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals whose control relies on efficient vaccination. We have reported that dendrimer peptide B2T, with two copies of FMDV B-cell epitope VP1 (136–154) linked through maleimide units to T-cell epitope 3A (21–35)], elicits potent B- and T-cell specific responses and confers solid protection in pigs to type-O FMDV challenge after two doses of peptide. Herein we now show that B2T evokes specific protective immune responses after administration of a single dose of either 2 or 0.5 mg of peptide. High titers of ELISA and neutralizing antibodies against FMDV were detectable at day 15 post-immunization. Likewise, activated T cells and induced IFN-γ response to in vitro recall with FMDV peptides were also detected by the same day. Further, in 70% of B2T-vaccinated pigs, full protection—no clinical signs of disease—was observed upon virus challenge at day 25 post-immunization. These results strengthen the potential of B2T as a safe, cost-effective candidate vaccine conferring adequate protection against FMDV with a single dose. The finding is particularly relevant to emergency scenarios permitting only a single shot immunization.
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27
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Forner M, Defaus S, Andreu D. Peptide-Based Multiepitopic Vaccine Platforms via Click Reactions. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1626-1634. [PMID: 31782300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Multimeric antigen display and high overall valency are increasingly regarded as strategic goals for potent and broadly efficacious synthetic vaccines with potential market prospects. Herein, a modular and versatile approach to multifunctional peptide-based vaccine platforms at multimilligram scale in reasonable yields is reported. Preparation of chemoselectively modified peptide building blocks of medium-to-large size, conjugation of these subunits, and final assembly were achieved by a combination of Michael-type thiol-ene addition and copper(I)-mediated alkyne-azide cycloaddition. The size and structural complexity of the building blocks required exploration of a further level of orthogonality, namely furan/maleimide Diels-Alder chemistry. After process optimization, a finely tuned, stepwise click approach has emerged as a workable, on-demand strategy to create macromolecular therapeutic vaccine assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Forner
- Department of Experimental and Health Science , Pompeu Fabra University , Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Department of Experimental and Health Science , Pompeu Fabra University , Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona , Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Science , Pompeu Fabra University , Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona , Spain
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28
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus: Immunobiology, Advances in Vaccines and Vaccination Strategies Addressing Vaccine Failures-An Indian Perspective. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030090. [PMID: 31426368 PMCID: PMC6789522 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A mass vaccination campaign in India seeks to control and eventually eradicate foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Biosanitary measures along with FMD monitoring are being conducted along with vaccination. The implementation of the FMD control program has drastically reduced the incidence of FMD. However, cases are still reported, even in regions where vaccination is carried out regularly. Control of FMD outbreaks is difficult when the virus remains in circulation in the vaccinated population. Various FMD risk factors have been identified that are responsible for FMD in vaccinated areas. The factors are discussed along with strategies to address these challenges. The current chemically inactivated trivalent vaccine formulation containing strains of serotype O, A, and Asia 1 has limitations including thermolability and induction of only short-term immunity. Advantages and disadvantages of several new-generation alternate vaccine formulations are discussed. It is unfeasible to study every incidence of FMD in vaccinated animals/areas in such a big country as India with its huge livestock population. However, at the same time, it is absolutely necessary to identify the precise reason for vaccination failure. Failure to vaccinate is one reason for the occurrence of FMD in vaccinated areas. FMD epidemiology, emerging and re-emerging virus strains, and serological status over the past 10 years are discussed to understand the impact of vaccination and incidences of vaccination failure in India. Other factors that are important in vaccination failure that we discuss include disrupted herd immunity, health status of animals, FMD carrier status, and FMD prevalence in other species. Recommendations to boost the search of alternate vaccine formulation, strengthen the veterinary infrastructure, bolster the real-time monitoring of FMD, as well as a detailed investigation and documentation of every case of vaccination failure are provided with the goal of refining the control program.
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29
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Tabatabaei Mirakabad FS, Khoramgah MS, Keshavarz F K, Tabarzad M, Ranjbari J. Peptide dendrimers as valuable biomaterials in medical sciences. Life Sci 2019; 233:116754. [PMID: 31415768 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Peptides are oligomers of amino acids, which have been used in a wide range of applications, particularly in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Linear peptides have been extensively developed in various fields of medicine as therapeutics or targeting agents. The branched structure of peptide dendrimers with peptide (commonly, poly l‑Lysine) or non-peptide (commonly poly‑amidoamine) core, often exhibits valuable novel features, improves stability and enhances the functionality of peptide in comparison with small linear peptides. The potential applications of Branched and hyper-branched peptidic structures which are known as peptide dendrimers in biomedical sciences have been approved vastly. A peptide dendrimer contains three distinct parts including core, building blocks and branching units or surface functional groups. These structures provide a lot of opportunities in the pharmaceutical field, particularly for novel drug development. In this review, a brief summary of different biomedical applications of peptide dendrimers is presented, and peptide dendrimers as active pharmaceutical ingredients and drug delivery carriers are discussed. Applications of peptide dendrimers in vaccines and diagnostic tools are also presented, in brief. Generally, peptide dendrimers are promising biomaterials with high evolution rate for clinical and non-clinical applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Sadat Khoramgah
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamyar Keshavarz F
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Tabarzad
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Ranjbari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Wijayadikusumah AR, Zeng W, McQuilten HA, Wong CY, Jackson DC, Chua BY. Geometry of a TLR2-Agonist-Based Adjuvant Can Affect the Resulting Antigen-Specific Immune Response. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2037-2047. [PMID: 30924661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeted delivery of otherwise nonimmunogenic antigens to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) has proven to be an effective means of improving immunogenicity. For this purpose, we have used a branched cationic lipopeptide, R4Pam2Cys, which is an agonist for TLR2 and enables electrostatic association with antigen for this purpose. Here, we compare the immunological properties of ovalbumin formulated with different geometrical configurations of R4Pam2Cys. Our results demonstrate that notwithstanding the presence of the same adjuvant, branched forms of R4Pam2Cys are more effective at inducing immune responses than are linear geometries. CD8+ T-cell-mediated responses are particularly improved, resulting in significantly higher levels of antigen-specific cytokine secretion and cytolysis of antigen-bearing target cells in vivo. The results correlate with the ability of branched R4Pam2Cys conformations to encourage higher levels of DC maturation and facilitate superior antigen uptake, leading to increased production of proinflammatory cytokines. These differences are not attributable to particle size because both branched and linear lipopeptides associate with antigen-forming complexes of similar size, but rather the ability of branched lipopeptides to induce more efficient TLR2-mediated cell signaling. Branched lipopeptides are also more resistant to trypsin-mediated proteolysis, suggesting greater stability than their linear counterparts. The branched lipopeptide facilitates presentation of antigen more efficiently to CD8+ T cells, resulting in rapid cell division and upregulation of early cell surface activation markers. These results as well as cognate recognition of Pam2Cys by TLR2 indicate that the adjuvant's efficiency is also dependent on its geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acep R Wijayadikusumah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia.,Research and Development Division , PT. Bio Farma (Persero) , 28 Pasteur Street , Bandung , West Java 40161 , Indonesia
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Hayley A McQuilten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity , 792 Elizabeth Street , Melbourne , Victoria 3010 , Australia
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Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: recent updates and future perspectives. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1501-1513. [PMID: 30888563 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a major worldwide viral disease in animals, affecting the national and international trade of livestock and animal products and leading to high economic losses and social consequences. Effective control measures of FMD involve prevention through vaccination with inactivated vaccines. These inactivated vaccines, unfortunately, require short-term protection and cold-chain and high-containment facilities. Major advances and pursuit of hot topics in vaccinology and vectorology are ongoing, involving peptide vaccines, DNA vaccines, live vector vaccines, and novel attenuated vaccines. DIVA capability and marker vaccines are very important in differentiating infected animals from vaccinated animals. This review focuses on updating the research progress of these novel vaccines, summarizing their merits and including ideas for improvement.
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Zhang T, Chen H, Qi L, Zhang J, Wu R, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Transcript Profiling Identifies Early Response Genes against FMDV Infection in PK-15 Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:v10070364. [PMID: 29997306 PMCID: PMC6071144 DOI: 10.3390/v10070364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease that results in enormous economic loses worldwide. Although the protection provided by vaccination is limited during early infection, it is recognized as the best method to prevent FMD outbreaks. Furthermore, the mechanism of host early responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection remains unclear. In our study, a pig kidney cell line (PK-15) was used as a cell model to reveal the mechanism of early pig responses to FMDV infection. Four non-treated control and four FMDV-treated PK-15 cells were sequenced with RNA-seq technology, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed. The results showed that 1212 DEGs were in the FMDV-infected PK-15 cells, including 914 up-regulated and 298 down-regulated genes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were significantly enriched in the tumor necrosis factor (TNF), cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor, toll-like receptor, NF-κB, and the chemokine signaling pathways. To verify the results of the DEGs, 30 immune-related DEGs (19 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) were selected for Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) verification. The results showed that RT-qPCR-measured genes exhibited a similar pattern as the RNA-seq analyses. Based on bioinformatics analysis, during FMDV early infection, we found that a series of cytokines, such as interleukins (IL6), chemokines (CXCL2, CCL20 and CCL4), and transcription factors (ZFP36, FOS, NFKBIA, ZBTB3, ZNF503, ZNF283, dymeclin (DYM), and orthodenticle homeobox 1 (OTX1)) were involved in the battle between FMDV and the host. Combined with their features and functions, we propose inflammation as the main early mechanism by which the host responds to FMDV infection. These data provide an additional panel of candidate genes for deciphering the mechanisms of a host’s early response against FMDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Haotai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Run Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Yongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Yuefeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Immune Response and Partial Protection against Heterologous Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Induced by Dendrimer Peptides in Cattle. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3497401. [PMID: 29854834 PMCID: PMC5960557 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3497401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic peptides mimicking protective B- and T-cell epitopes are good candidates for safer, more effective FMD vaccines. Nevertheless, previous studies of immunization with linear peptides showed that they failed to induce solid protection in cattle. Dendrimeric peptides displaying two or four copies of a peptide corresponding to the B-cell epitope VP1 [136–154] of type O FMDV (O/UKG/11/2001) linked through thioether bonds to a single copy of the T-cell epitope 3A [21–35] (termed B2T and B4T, resp.) afforded protection in vaccinated pigs. In this work, we show that dendrimeric peptides B2T and B4T can elicit specific humoral responses in cattle and confer partial protection against the challenge with a heterologous type O virus (O1/Campos/Bra/58). This protective response correlated with the induction of specific T-cells as well as with an anamnestic antibody response upon virus challenge, as shown by the detection of virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (ASC) in lymphoid tissues distal from the inoculation point.
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de los Santos T, Diaz-San Segundo F, Rodriguez LL. The need for improved vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 29:16-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Lee HB, Yoon SY, Singh B, Oh SH, Cui L, Yan C, Kang SK, Choi YJ, Cho CS. Oral Immunization of FMDV Vaccine Using pH-Sensitive and Mucoadhesive Thiolated Cellulose Acetate Phthalate Microparticles. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:1-11. [PMID: 30603530 PMCID: PMC6171641 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Several barriers such as gastric pH, enzymatic degradation and rapid transit should be overcome to orally deliver antigens for taking up by epithelial microfold cells in Peyer's patches of small intestine. To solve the above mentioned problems, we designed pH-sensitive and mucoadhesive polymeric microparticles (MPs) prepared by double emulsion technique using cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) to enhance immune response of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) subunit vaccine. Thiolation of CAP improved mucoadhesive property of CAP to prolong the MPs transit time through the gastrointestinal tract. Thiolated CAP (T-CAP) also slowed down antigen release in acidic pH of stomach but released more antigens in neutral pH of small intestine due to the pH-sensitivity of the T-CAP. Oral immunization of a chimerical multi-epitope recombinant protein as the FMD subunit vaccine via T-CAP MPs effectively delivered the vaccine to Peyer's patches eliciting mucosal IgA response. It will make a step forward into a promising oral subunit vaccine development in livestock industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Bin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Yeon Yoon
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Bijay Singh
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kathmandu, 44600 Nepal
| | - Seo-Ho Oh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 Jilin China
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 Jilin China
| | - Changguo Yan
- Department of Animal Science, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 Jilin China
- Co-Innovation Center of Beef Cattle Science and Industry Technology, Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002 Jilin China
| | - Sang-Kee Kang
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, 1447-1 Pyeongchang-Daero, Daehwa-Myeon, Pyengchang-Gun, Gangwon-Do 25354 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jaie Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Su Cho
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Reginald K, Chan Y, Plebanski M, Poh CL. Development of Peptide Vaccines in Dengue. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24:1157-1173. [PMID: 28914200 PMCID: PMC6040172 DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170913163904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is one of the most important arboviral infections worldwide, infecting up to 390 million people and causing 25,000 deaths annually. Although a licensed dengue vaccine is available, it is not efficacious against dengue serotypes that infect people living in South East Asia, where dengue is an endemic disease. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient dengue vaccine for this region. Data from different clinical trials indicate that a successful dengue vaccine must elicit both neutralizing antibodies and cell mediated immunity. This can be achieved by designing a multi-epitope peptide vaccine comprising B, CD8+ and CD4+ T cell epitopes. As recognition of T cell epitopes are restricted by human leukocyte antigens (HLA), T cell epitopes which are able to recognize several major HLAs will be preferentially included in the vaccine design. While peptide vaccines are safe, biocompatible and cost-effective, it is poorly immunogenic. Strategies to improve its immunogenicity by the use of long peptides, adjuvants and nanoparticle delivery mechanisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chit Laa Poh
- Address correspondence to this author at the Research Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, 5 Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia; Tel: +60-3-7491 8622 ext. 7338; E-mail:
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Soria I, Quattrocchi V, Langellotti C, Gammella M, Digiacomo S, Garcia de la Torre B, Andreu D, Montoya M, Sobrino F, Blanco E, Zamorano P. Dendrimeric peptides can confer protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185184. [PMID: 28949998 PMCID: PMC5614567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals. A synthetic vaccine candidate consisting of dendrimeric peptides harbouring two copies of a B-epitope [VP1(136–154)] linked to a T-cell epitope [3A(21–35)] of FMDV confers protection to type O FMDV challenge in pigs. Herein we show in cattle that novel dendrimeric peptides bearing a T-cell epitope [VP1(21–40] and two or four copies of a B-cell epitope [VP1(135–160)] from type O1 Campos FMDV (termed B2T and B4T, respectively) elicited FMDV specific immune responses to similar levels to a commercial vaccine. Animals were challenged with FMDV and 100% of vaccinated cattle with B2T or B4T were protected to podal generalization. Moreover, bovines immunized with B4T were completely protected (with no clinical signs) against FMDV challenge after three vaccine doses, which was associated with titers of viral neutralizing antibodies in serum higher than those of B2T group (p< 0.05) and levels of opsonic antibodies similar to those of animals immunized with one dose of FMDV commercial vaccine. Bovines vaccinated with both dendrimeric peptides presented high levels of IgG1 anti FMDV in sera and in mucosa. When IgA in nasal secretions was measured, 20% or 40% of the animals in B2T or B4T groups respectively, showed anti-FMDV IgA titers. In addition, B2T and B4T peptides evoked similar consistent T cell responses, being recognized in vitro by lymphocytes from most of the immunized cattle in the proliferation assay, and from all animals in the IFN-γ production assay. Taken together, these results support the potential of dendrimers B2T or B4T in cattle as a highly valuable, cost-effective FMDV candidate vaccine with DIVA potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Soria
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (PZ); (IS); (FS)
| | - Valeria Quattrocchi
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Langellotti
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Gammella
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastian Digiacomo
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciencies Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu-Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Montoya
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Woking, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología Molecular “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (PZ); (IS); (FS)
| | - Esther Blanco
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Zamorano
- Instituto de Virología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA)-Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (PZ); (IS); (FS)
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Bohórquez JA, Defaus S, Muñoz-González S, Perez-Simó M, Rosell R, Fraile L, Sobrino F, Andreu D, Ganges L. A bivalent dendrimeric peptide bearing a T-cell epitope from foot-and-mouth disease virus protein 3A improves humoral response against classical swine fever virus. Virus Res 2017; 238:8-12. [PMID: 28571760 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three dendrimeric peptides were synthesized in order to evaluate their immunogenicity and their potential protection against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in domestic pigs. Construct 1, an optimized version of a previously used dendrimer, had four copies of a B-cell epitope derived from CSFV E2 glycoprotein connected to an also CSFV-derived T-cell epitope through maleimide instead of thioether linkages. Construct 2 was similarly built but included only two copies of the B-cell epitope, and in also bivalent construct 3 the CSFV T-cell epitope was replaced by a previously described one from the 3A protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Animals were inoculated twice with a 21-day interval and challenged 15days after the second immunization. Clinical signs were recorded daily and ELISA tests were performed to detect antibodies against specific peptide and E2. The neutralising antibody response was assessed 13days after challenge. Despite the change to maleimide connectivity, only partial protection against CSFV was again observed. The best clinical protection was observed in group 3. Animals inoculated with constructs 2 and 3 showed higher anti-peptide humoral response, suggesting that two copies of the B-cell epitope are sufficient or even better than four copies for swine immune recognition. In addition, for construct 3 higher neutralizing antibody titres against CSFV were detected. Our results support the immunogenicity of the CSFV B-cell epitope and the cooperative role of the FMDV 3A T-cell epitope in inducing a neutralising response against CSFV in domestic pigs. This is also the first time that the FMDV T-cell epitope shows effectivity in improving swine immune response against a different virus. Our findings highlight the relevance of dendrimeric peptides as a powerful tool for epitope characterization and antiviral strategies development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alejandro Bohórquez
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Muñoz-González
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marta Perez-Simó
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Rosa Rosell
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia i Pesca (DARP), Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Fraile
- Departament de Ciència Animal, ETSEA, Universidad de Lleida, 25198, Spain
| | - Francisco Sobrino
- Centro de Biología molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Llilianne Ganges
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Cao Y, Li D, Fu Y, Bai Q, Chen Y, Bai X, Jing Z, Sun P, Bao H, Li P, Zhang J, Ma X, Lu Z, Liu Z. Rational design and efficacy of a multi-epitope recombinant protein vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A in pigs. Antiviral Res 2017; 140:133-141. [PMID: 28161579 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, and outbreaks of this disease are often economically catastrophic. Recently, a series of outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype A occurred in many countries, including China. Therefore, it is necessary to develop safe and effective vaccines. We designed multi-epitope recombinant proteins A6, A7, and A8 with different three-dimensional structures and compared their immunogenicity in pigs. The results indicated that A8 conferred the greatest protection against FMDV serotype A challenge in pigs, and A8 was selected as the vaccine antigen. We further tested the adjuvant activity of CpG DNA in conjunction with the A8 vaccine, and the results showed significantly increased antigen-specific IFN-γ responses in pigs co-administered A8 with CpG compared to those vaccinated with A8 alone. A vaccine potency test showed that the CpG-adjuvanted A8 vaccine contained a 10.81 protective dose 50% (PD50) per dose for pigs, suggesting the potential for this vaccine to be used in emergency vaccination campaigns for the prevention of FMDV serotype A infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yuanfang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Qifeng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs for Gansu Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yingli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xingwen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zhizhong Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Pu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Huifang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Pinghua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Zengjun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
| | - Zaixin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, China.
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Diaz-San Segundo F, Medina GN, Stenfeldt C, Arzt J, de Los Santos T. Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines. Vet Microbiol 2016; 206:102-112. [PMID: 28040311 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease affects many areas of the world, often causing extensive epizootics in livestock, mostly farmed cattle and swine, although sheep, goats and many wild species are also susceptible. In countries where food and farm animals are essential for subsistence agriculture, outbreaks of FMD seriously impact food security and development. In highly industrialized developed nations, FMD endemics cause economic and social devastation mainly due to observance of health measures adopted from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). High morbidity, complex host-range and broad genetic diversity make FMD prevention and control exceptionally challenging. In this article we review multiple vaccine approaches developed over the years ultimately aimed to successfully control and eradicate this feared disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayna Diaz-San Segundo
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, CANR, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Gisselle N Medina
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Carolina Stenfeldt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA; PIADC Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Arzt
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA
| | - Teresa de Los Santos
- Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit (FADRU), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (PIADC), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Greenport, New York, USA.
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Lyons NA, Lyoo YS, King DP, Paton DJ. Challenges of Generating and Maintaining Protective Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:102. [PMID: 27965966 PMCID: PMC5127833 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination can play a central role in the control of outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) by reducing both the impact of clinical disease and the extent of virus transmission between susceptible animals. Recent incursions of exotic FMD virus lineages into several East Asian countries have highlighted the difficulties of generating and maintaining an adequate immune response in vaccinated pigs. Factors that impact vaccine performance include (i) the potency, antigenic payload, and formulation of a vaccine; (ii) the antigenic match between the vaccine and the heterologous circulating field strain; and (iii) the regime (timing, frequency, and herd-level coverage) used to administer the vaccine. This review collates data from studies that have evaluated the performance of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccines at the individual and population level in pigs and identifies research priorities that could provide new insights to improve vaccination in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Lyons
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
- European Commission for the Control of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
| | - Young S. Lyoo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Dong YM, Cai JC, Chen HT, Chen L. Protection of a novel epitope-RNA VLP double-effective VLP vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease. Antiviral Res 2016; 134:108-116. [PMID: 27565990 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Previously, we found that the epitope peptide EP141-160 displayed on virus-like particles (VLP) for use as a vaccine showed high immunoreactivity and conferred partially effective protection to animals. In this study, we first combined antisense RNA with VLP as a vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) by using a prokaryotic co-expression system. The antisense RNA against the 3D genes of FMDV was packaged into VLP with EP141-160 presented on the surface. ELISA and Western blotting proved that the epitope-RNA VLP eliciting an immune response to FMDV in mice. Furthermore, the potency of the vaccine was tested in mice and guinea pigs. The results indicated that the epitope-RNA VLP vaccine protected 40% of suckling mice and 85% (17/20) of guinea pigs from FMDV. Based on the experimental data, the epitope-RNA VLP vaccine should have value in exploring and developing vaccines against FMDV in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Mei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, PR China
| | - Jian-Chun Cai
- Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361004, PR China.
| | - Hao-Tai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China.
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Identification of a conserved linear neutralizing epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 9A9 against serotype A foot-and-mouth disease virus. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2705-16. [PMID: 27422396 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2984-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), is a highly contagious infectious disease that affects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals worldwide. In recent years, a series of outbreaks of serotype A FMD have occurred in many countries. High-affinity neutralizing antibodies against a conserved epitope have the potential to provide protective immunity against diverse subtypes of FMDV serotype A and to protect against future pandemics. In this study, we produced an A serotype FMDV-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the viral capsid protein VP1, designated 9A9, that potently neutralized FMDV A/JLYS/CHA/2014 with a 50 % neutralization titer (NT50) of 4,096. GST-fusion proteins expressing truncated peptides of VP1 were subjected to Western blot analysis using MAb 9A9, and it was found that the peptide (143)RGDLGPLAARL(153) of VP1 was the minimal epitope for MAb 9A9 binding. Western blot analysis also revealed that the epitope peptide could be recognized by positive sera from serotype A FMDV-infected pigs and cattle. Subsequent alanine-scanning mutagenesis analysis revealed that residues Gly(147) and Leu(149) of the 9A9-recognized epitope are crucial for MAb 9A9 binding. Furthermore, under immunological pressure selected by MAb 9A9, a single amino acid residue replacement (L149P) occurred in a viral neutralization-escape mutant, which verified the location of a critical residue of this epitope at Leu(149). Importantly, the epitope (143)RGDLGPLAARL(153) was highly conserved among different topotypes of serotype A FMDV strains in sequence alignment analysis. Thus, the results of this study could have application potential in the development of epitope-based vaccines and a suitable MAb-based diagnostic method for detection of type A FMDV as well as quantitation of antibodies against FMDV serotype A.
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Full protection of swine against foot-and-mouth disease by a bivalent B-cell epitope dendrimer peptide. Antiviral Res 2016; 129:74-80. [PMID: 26956030 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. We have reported (Cubillos et al., 2008) that a synthetic dendrimeric peptide consisting of four copies of a B-cell epitope [VP1(136-154)] linked through thioether bonds to a T-cell epitope [3A(21-35)] of FMDV [B4T(thi)] elicits potent B- and T-cell specific responses and confers solid protection in pigs to type C FMDV challenge. Herein we show that downsized versions of this peptide bearing two copies of a B-cell epitope from a type O isolate and using thioether [B2T(thi)] or maleimide [B2T(mal)] conjugation chemistries for their synthesis elicited in swine similar or higher B and T-cell specific responses than tetravalent B4T(thi). Moreover, while partial protection was observed in animals immunized with B4T(thi) (60%) and B2T(thi) (80%), B2T(mal) conferred full (100%) protection against FMDV challenge, associated to high levels of circulating IgG2 and mucosal IgGA, and entirely prevented virus shedding. Interestingly, B2T(mal) is also the most advantageous option in terms of synthetic practicality. Taken together, the results reported here point out to B2T(mal) as a highly valuable, cost-effective FMDV candidate vaccine.
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46
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Abstract
A high number of infectious diseases affecting livestock and companion animals are caused by pathogens of viral etiology. Ensuring the maximum standards of quality and welfare in animal production requires developing effective tools to halt and prevent the spread of those infectious diseases affecting animal husbandry. To date, one of the best strategies is to implement vaccination policies whenever possible. However many of the currently manufactured vaccines relies in classical vaccine technologies (killed or attenuated vaccines) which, under some circumstances, may not be optimal in terms of safety or adequate for widespread application in disease-free countries at risk of disease introduction. One step ahead is needed to improve and adapt vaccine manufacturing to the use of new generation vaccine technologies already tested in experimental settings. Here we present in the context of animal viral diseases of veterinary interest, an overview of some current vaccine technologies that can be approached for virus pathogens with a brief insight in the type of immunity elicited.
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Saeed A, Kanwal S, Arshad M, Ali M, Shaikh RS, Abubakar M. Foot-and-mouth disease: overview of motives of disease spread and efficacy of available vaccines. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015; 57:10. [PMID: 26290730 PMCID: PMC4540294 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Control and prevention of foot and mouth disease (FMD) by vaccination remains unsatisfactory in endemic countries. Indeed, consistent and new FMD epidemics in previously disease-free countries have precipitated the need for a worldwide control strategy. Outbreaks in vaccinated animals require that a new and safe vaccine be developed against foot and mouth virus (FMDV). FMDV can be eradicated worldwide based on previous scientific information about its spread using existing and modern control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saeed
- Instituteof Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya, University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Kanwal
- Instituteof Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya, University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Memoona Arshad
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Instituteof Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya, University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rehan Sadiq Shaikh
- Instituteof Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya, University, Multan, Pakistan
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Wu LP, Ficker M, Christensen JB, Trohopoulos PN, Moghimi SM. Dendrimers in Medicine: Therapeutic Concepts and Pharmaceutical Challenges. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1198-211. [PMID: 25654320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dendrimers are three-dimensional macromolecular structures originating from a central core molecule and surrounded by successive addition of branching layers (generation). These structures exhibit a high degree of molecular uniformity, narrow molecular weight distribution, tunable size and shape characteristics, as well as multivalency. Collectively, these physicochemical characteristics together with advancements in design of biodegradable backbones have conferred many applications to dendrimers in formulation science and nanopharmaceutical developments. These have included the use of dendrimers as pro-drugs and vehicles for solubilization, encapsulation, complexation, delivery, and site-specific targeting of small-molecule drugs, biopharmaceuticals, and contrast agents. We briefly review these advances, paying particular attention to attributes that make dendrimers versatile for drug formulation as well as challenging issues surrounding the future development of dendrimer-based medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ping Wu
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mario Ficker
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jørn B Christensen
- ‡Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Seyed Moein Moghimi
- †Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,∥NanoScience Centre, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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Dong YM, Zhang GG, Huang XJ, Chen L, Chen HT. Promising MS2 mediated virus-like particle vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease. Antiviral Res 2015; 117:39-43. [PMID: 25676866 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) has caused severe economic losses to millions of farmers worldwide. In this work, the coding genes of 141-160 epitope peptide (EP141-160) of VP1 were inserted into the coat protein (CP) genes of MS2 in prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant protein self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLP). Results showed that the CP-EP141-160 VLP had a strong immunoreaction with the FMD virus (FMDV) antigen in vitro, and also had an effective immune response in mice. Further virus challenge tests were carried out on guinea pigs and swine, high-titer neutralizing antibodies were produced and the CP-EP141-160 VLP vaccine could protect most of the animals against FMDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-mei Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Guo-guang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Xiao-jun Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Hao-tai Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiologic Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory of China, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, PR China.
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Gao J, Chen P, Singh Y, Zhang X, Szekely Z, Stein S, Sinko PJ. Novel monodisperse PEGtide dendrons: design, fabrication, and evaluation of mannose receptor-mediated macrophage targeting. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 24:1332-44. [PMID: 23808323 DOI: 10.1021/bc400011v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel PEGtide dendrons of generations 1 through 5 (G1.0–5.0) containing alternating discrete poly(ethylene glycol) (dPEG) and amino acid/peptide moieties were designed and developed. To demonstrate their targeting utility as nanocarriers, PEGtide dendrons functionalized with mannose residues were developed and evaluated for macrophage targeting. PEGtide dendrons were synthesized using 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) protocols. The N-α-Fmoc-N-ε-(5-carboxyfluorescein)-l-lysine (Fmoc-Lys(5-FAM)-OH) and monodisperse Fmoc-dPEG6-OH were sequentially coupled to Fmoc-β-Ala-resin to obtain the resin-bound intermediate Fmoc-dPEG6-Lys(5-FAM)-β-Ala (1). G1.0 dendrons were obtained by sequentially coupling Fmoc-Lys(Fmoc)-OH, Fmoc-β-Ala-OH, and Fmoc-dPEG6-OH to 1. Dendrons of higher generation, G2.0–5.0, were obtained by repeating the coupling cycles used for the synthesis of G1.0. Dendrons containing eight mannose residues (G3.0-mannose8) were developed for mannose receptor (MR) mediated macrophage targeting by conjugating α-d-mannopyranosylphenyl isothiocyanate to G3.0 dendrons. In the present study PEGtide dendrons up to G5.0 were synthesized. The molecular weights of the dendrons determined by MALDI-TOF were in agreement with calculated values. The hydrodynamic diameters measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) ranged from 1 to 8 nm. Cell viability in the presence of G3.0 and G3.0-mannose8 was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and was found to be statistically indistinguishable from that of untreated cells. G3.0-mannose8 exhibited 12-fold higher uptake than unmodified G3.0 control dendrons in MR-expressing J774.E murine macrophage-like cells. Uptake was nearly completely inhibited in the presence of 10 mg/mL mannan, a mannose analogue and known MR substrate. Confocal microscopy studies demonstrated the presence of significant intracellular punctate fluorescence colocalized with a fluid endocytosis marker with little surface fluorescence in cells incubated with G3.0-mannose8. No significant cell-associated fluorescence was observed in cells incubated with G3.0 dendrons that did not contain the targeting ligand mannose. The current studies suggest that PEGtide dendrons could be useful as nanocarriers in drug delivery and imaging applications.
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