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Feoktistova S, Sayganova M, Trutneva K, Glazova O, Blagodatski AS, Shevkova L, Navoikova A, Anisimov Y, Albert E, Mityaeva O, Volchkov P, Deviatkin A. Abundant Intra-Subtype Reassortment Revealed in H13N8 Influenza Viruses. Viruses 2024; 16:568. [PMID: 38675910 PMCID: PMC11054967 DOI: 10.3390/v16040568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) pose a serious threat to global health. On the one hand, these viruses cause seasonal flu outbreaks in humans. On the other hand, they are a zoonotic infection that has the potential to cause a pandemic. The most important natural reservoir of IAVs are waterfowl. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of IAV in birds in the Republic of Buryatia (region in Russia). In 2020, a total of 3018 fecal samples were collected from wild migratory birds near Lake Baikal. Of these samples, 11 were found to be positive for the H13N8 subtype and whole-genome sequencing was performed on them. All samples contained the same virus with the designation A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020. To our knowledge, virus A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020 is the first representative of the H13N8 subtype collected on the territory of Russia, the sequence of which is available in the GenBank database. An analysis of reassortments based on the genome sequences of other known viruses has shown that A/Unknown/Buryatia/Arangatui-1/2020 arose as a result of reassortment. In addition, a reassortment most likely occurred several decades ago between the ancestors of the viruses recently collected in China, the Netherlands, the United States and Chile. The presence of such reassortment emphasizes the ongoing evolution of the H13N8 viruses distributed in Europe, North and East Asia, North and South America and Australia. This study underscores the importance of the continued surveillance and research of less-studied influenza subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Feoktistova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Marya Sayganova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Kseniya Trutneva
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Olga Glazova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Artem S. Blagodatski
- Federal State Budget Institution of Science Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, 142290 Pushchino, Russia;
| | - Liudmila Shevkova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Anna Navoikova
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Yuriy Anisimov
- Baikalsky State Nature Biosphere Reserve, 671220 Tankhoi, Russia;
| | - Eugene Albert
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
| | - Olga Mityaeva
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Volchkov
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- The Moscow Clinical Scientific Center (MCSC) Named after A.S. Loginov, 111123 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Deviatkin
- Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, 125315 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.); (K.T.); (O.G.); (L.S.); (A.N.); (E.A.); (O.M.); (P.V.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Meng B, Wang Q, Leng H, Ren C, Feng C, Guo W, Feng Y, Zhang Y. Evolutionary Events Promoted Polymerase Activity of H13N8 Avian Influenza Virus. Viruses 2024; 16:329. [PMID: 38543694 PMCID: PMC10975323 DOI: 10.3390/v16030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Wild birds are considered to be the natural reservoir hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Wild bird-origin AIVs may spill over into new hosts and overcome species barriers after evolutionary adaptation. H13N8 AIVs used to be considered primarily circulated in multispecies gulls but have recently been shown to possess cross-species infectivity. In this study, we analyzed the genetic changes that occurred in the process of the evolution of H13 AIVs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that H13 AIVs underwent complex reassortment events. Based on the full genomic diversity, we divided H13 AIVs into 81 genotypes. Reassortment experiments indicated that basic polymerase 2 (PB2) and nucleoprotein (NP) genes of the H9N2 AIV significantly enhanced the polymerase activity of the H13N8 AIV. Using the replication-incompetent virus screening system, we identified two mutations, PB2-I76T and PB2-I559T, which could enhance the polymerase activity of the H13N8 AIV in mammalian cells. Notably, these mutations had been acquired by circulating H13N8 AIVs in 2015. These findings suggest that H13N8 AIVs are about to cross the host barrier. Occasional genetic reassortments with other AIVs and natural mutation events could promote this process. It is imperative to intensify monitoring efforts for H13N8 AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock Infectious Diseases, Ministry of Education, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Laboratory of Ruminant Infectious Disease Prevention and Control (East), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liaoning Panjin Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, 120 Dongling Rd., Shenyang 110866, China (C.R.)
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Sun W, Zhao M, Yu Z, Li Y, Zhang X, Feng N, Wang T, Wang H, He H, Zhao Y, Yang S, Xia X, Gao Y. Cross-species infection potential of avian influenza H13 viruses isolated from wild aquatic birds to poultry and mammals. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:e2184177. [PMID: 36877121 PMCID: PMC10013326 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2184177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Wild aquatic birds are the primary hosts of H13 avian influenza viruses (AIVs). Herein, we performed a genetic analysis of two H13 AIVs isolated from wild birds in China and evaluated their infection potential in poultry to further explore the potential for transmission from wild aquatic birds to poultry. Our results showed that the two strains belong to different groups, one strain (A/mallard/Dalian/DZ-137/2013; abbreviated as DZ137) belongs to Group I, whereas the other strain (A/Eurasian Curlew/Liaoning/ZH-385/2014; abbreviated as ZH385) belongs to Group III. In vitro experiments showed that both DZ137 and ZH385 can replicate efficiently in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. We found that these H13 AIVs can also efficiently replicate in mammalian cell lines, including human embryonic kidney cells and Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. In vivo experiments showed that DZ137 and ZH385 can infect 1-day-old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, and that ZH385 has a higher replication ability in chickens than DZ137. Notably, only ZH385 can replicate efficiently in 10-day-old SPF chickens. However, neither DZ137 nor ZH385 can replicate well in turkeys and quails. Both DZ137 and ZH385 can replicate in 3-week-old mice. Serological surveillance of poultry showed a 4.6%-10.4% (15/328-34/328) antibody-positive rate against H13 AIVs in farm chickens. Our findings indicate that H13 AIVs have the replication ability in chickens and mice and may have a risk of crossing the host barrier from wild aquatic birds to poultry or mammals in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Menglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Yu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinghai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbin He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, Ruminant Disease Research Center, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Ji'nan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yang'zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chang'chun, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yang'zhou, People's Republic of China
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Kok A, Scheuer R, Bestebroer TM, Burke DF, Wilks SH, Spronken MI, de Meulder D, Lexmond P, Pronk M, Smith DJ, Herfst S, Fouchier RAM, Richard M. Characterization of A/H7 influenza virus global antigenic diversity and key determinants in the hemagglutinin globular head mediating A/H7N9 antigenic evolution. mBio 2023; 14:e0048823. [PMID: 37565755 PMCID: PMC10655666 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00488-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A/H7 avian influenza viruses cause outbreaks in poultry globally, resulting in outbreaks with significant socio-economical impact and zoonotic risks. Occasionally, poultry vaccination programs have been implemented to reduce the burden of these viruses, which might result in an increased immune pressure accelerating antigenic evolution. In fact, evidence for antigenic diversification of A/H7 influenza viruses exists, posing challenges to pandemic preparedness and the design of vaccination strategies efficacious against drifted variants. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the global antigenic diversity of A/H7 influenza viruses and identified the main substitutions in the hemagglutinin responsible for antigenic evolution in A/H7N9 viruses isolated between 2013 and 2019. The A/H7 antigenic map and knowledge of the molecular determinants of their antigenic evolution add value to A/H7 influenza virus surveillance programs, the design of vaccines and vaccination strategies, and pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinda Kok
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Scheuer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo M. Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David F. Burke
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel H. Wilks
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monique I. Spronken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis de Meulder
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pascal Lexmond
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Pronk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Derek J. Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Carnegie L, Raghwani J, Fournié G, Hill SC. Phylodynamic approaches to studying avian influenza virus. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:289-308. [PMID: 37565466 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2236568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses can cause severe disease in domestic and wild birds and are a pandemic threat. Phylodynamics is the study of how epidemiological, evolutionary, and immunological processes can interact to shape viral phylogenies. This review summarizes how phylodynamic methods have and could contribute to the study of avian influenza viruses. Specifically, we assess how phylodynamics can be used to examine viral spread within and between wild or domestic bird populations at various geographical scales, identify factors associated with virus dispersal, and determine the order and timing of virus lineage movement between geographic regions or poultry production systems. We discuss factors that can complicate the interpretation of phylodynamic results and identify how future methodological developments could contribute to improved control of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Carnegie
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - J Raghwani
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
| | - G Fournié
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
- Université de Lyon, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Marcy l'Etoile, France
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR EPIA, Saint Genes Champanelle, France
| | - S C Hill
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College (RVC), Hatfield, UK
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Lebarbenchon C, Boucher S, Feare C, Dietrich M, Larose C, Humeau L, Le Corre M, Jaeger A. Migratory patterns of two major influenza virus host species on tropical islands. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230600. [PMID: 37800153 PMCID: PMC10548098 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal migration is a major driver of infectious agent dispersal. Duck and seabird migrations, for instance, play a key role in the spatial transmission dynamics and gene flow of avian influenza viruses (AIV), worldwide. On tropical islands, brown and lesser noddies (Anous stolidus and Anous tenuirostris) may be important AIV hosts, but the lack of knowledge on their migratory behaviour limits our understanding of virus circulation in island networks. Here we show that high connectivity between islands generated by non-breeding dispersive behaviours may be a major driver in the spread and the maintenance of AIV among tropical islands of the western Indian Ocean. Tracking data highlight two types of dispersive behaviours during the non-breeding season: birds either staying in the vicinity of their breeding ground (on Bird Island, Seychelles), or moving to and roosting on other islands in the western Indian Ocean. Migrant birds used a wide range of roosting places from the Tanzanian coasts to the Maldives archipelago and Tromelin Island. Epidemiological data confirm that brown and lesser noddies are major hosts for AIV, although significant variations of seroprevalence between species suggest that other biological and ecological drivers could be involved in virus infection and transmission dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lebarbenchon
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Solenn Boucher
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Chris Feare
- WildWings Bird Management, Haslemere, Surrey, UK
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Processus infectieux en milieu insulaire tropical (PIMIT), INSERM 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | | | - Laurence Humeau
- Université de La Réunion, UMR Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (PVBMT), CIRAD, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Matthieu Le Corre
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Audrey Jaeger
- Université de la Réunion, UMR Ecologie marine tropicale des océans Pacifique et Indien (ENTROPIE), CNRS IRD, IFREMER, Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, 15 Avenue René Cassin, Saint Denis, La Réunion, France
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Genetic Analysis of a Novel H16N3 Virus Isolated from a Migratory Gull in China in 2021 and Animal Studies of Infection. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0248422. [PMID: 36314919 PMCID: PMC9769943 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02484-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
H16 avian influenza viruses mainly circulate in wild migratory gulls worldwide, and the infection risks in poultry and mammals remain largely unknown. In this study, we isolated a novel H16N3 virus from migratory gulls in eastern China in 2021. Genetic analysis indicated that the H16N3 virus originated from the H16 and H13 viruses that circulated in wild birds. This H16N3 virus has not adapted to replicate in chickens, ducks, or mice, although it can be transmitted between inoculated and contacted birds. The circulation of H16Nx viruses in the Northern Hemisphere indicates that we should strengthen active surveillance to monitor their prevalence and evolution in migratory gulls and their introduction into other migratory and domestic waterfowl. IMPORTANCE Migratory wild birds are natural reservoirs of H16 viruses and play a key role in the global prevalence of these viruses. Here, we found that H16 viruses predominantly circulate in migratory gulls and that the gull H16N3 virus cannot replicate efficiently in chickens, ducks, or mice without prior adaptation. These findings contribute to our understanding of the ecology, evolution, and biological properties of H16 viruses and will guide avian influenza surveillance in birds.
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Wille M, Tolf C, Latorre-Margalef N, Fouchier RAM, Halpin RA, Wentworth DE, Ragwani J, Pybus OG, Olsen B, Waldenström J. Evolutionary features of a prolific subtype of avian influenza A virus in European waterfowl. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac074. [PMID: 36128050 PMCID: PMC9477075 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza A virus (AIV) is ubiquitous in waterfowl and is detected annually at high prevalence in waterfowl during the Northern Hemisphere autumn. Some AIV subtypes are globally common in waterfowl, such as H3N8, H4N6, and H6N2, and are detected in the same populations at a high frequency, annually. In order to investigate genetic features associated to the long-term maintenance of common subtypes in migratory ducks, we sequenced 248 H4 viruses isolated across 8 years (2002-9) from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) sampled in southeast Sweden. Phylogenetic analyses showed that both H4 and N6 sequences fell into three distinct lineages, structured by year of isolation. Specifically, across the 8 years of the study, we observed lineage replacement, whereby a different HA lineage circulated in the population each year. Analysis of deduced amino acid sequences of the HA lineages illustrated key differences in regions of the globular head of hemagglutinin that overlap with established antigenic sites in homologous hemagglutinin H3, suggesting the possibility of antigenic differences among these HA lineages. Beyond HA, lineage replacement was common to all segments, such that novel genome constellations were detected across years. A dominant genome constellation would rapidly amplify in the duck population, followed by unlinking of gene segments as a result of reassortment within 2-3 weeks following introduction. These data help reveal the evolutionary dynamics exhibited by AIV on both annual and decadal scales in an important reservoir host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Wille
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, Kalmar SE-39231, Sweden
| | - Conny Tolf
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, Kalmar SE-39231, Sweden
| | - Neus Latorre-Margalef
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, Kalmar SE-39231, Sweden
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jayna Ragwani
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Oliver G Pybus
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3SY, UK
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Björn Olsen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE751 85, Sweden
| | - Jonas Waldenström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, Linnaeus University, Universitetsplatsen 1, Kalmar SE-39231, Sweden
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Turkeys possess div6erse Siaα2-3Gal glycans that facilitate their dual susceptibility to avian influenza viruses isolated from ducks and chickens. Virus Res 2022; 315:198771. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Ineson KM, Hill NJ, Clark DE, MacKenzie KG, Whitney JJ, Laskaris Y, Ronconi RA, Ellis JC, Giroux JF, Lair S, Stevens S, Puryear WB, Runstadler JA. Age and season predict influenza A virus dynamics in urban gulls: consequences for natural hosts in unnatural landscapes. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2497. [PMID: 34783416 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gulls are ubiquitous in urban areas due to a growing reliance on anthropogenic feeding sites, which has led to changes in their abundance, distribution, and migration ecology, with implications for disease transmission. Gulls offer a valuable model for testing hypotheses regarding the dynamics of influenza A virus (IAV) - for which gulls are a natural reservoir in urban areas. We sampled sympatric populations of Ring-billed (Larus delawarensis), Herring (L. argentatus), and Great Black-backed Gulls (L. marinus) along the densely populated Atlantic rim of North America to understand how IAV transmission is influenced by drivers such as annual cycle, host species, age, habitat type, and their interplay. We found that horizontal transmission, rather than vertical transmission, played an outsized role in the amplification of IAV due to the convergence of gulls from different breeding grounds and age classes. We detected overlapping effects of age and season in our prevalence model, identifying juveniles during autumn as the primary drivers of the seasonal epidemic in gulls. Gulls accumulated immunity over their lifespan, however short-term fluctuations in seroprevalence were observed, suggesting that migration may impose limits on the immune system to maintain circulating antibodies. We found that gulls in coastal urban habitats had higher viral prevalence than gulls captured inland, correlating with higher richness of waterbird species along the coast, a mechanism supported by our movement data. The peak in viral prevalence in newly fledged gulls that are capable of long-distance movement has important implications for the spread of pathogens to novel hosts during the migratory season as well as for human health as gulls increasingly utilize urban habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Ineson
- Department of Natural Resources & the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, 03824, USA
| | - Nichola J Hill
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA
| | - Daniel E Clark
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Kenneth G MacKenzie
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Jillian J Whitney
- Division of Water Supply Protection, Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, West Boylston, Massachusetts, 01583, USA
| | - Yianni Laskaris
- US Fish and Wildlife Service, Galloway, New Jersey, 08205, USA
| | - Robert A Ronconi
- Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 2N6, Canada
| | - Julie C Ellis
- Department of Pathobiology, Wildlife Futures Program, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania, 19348, USA
| | - Jean-François Giroux
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Centre québécois sur la santé des animaux sauvages/Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Skyler Stevens
- Division of Mathematics, Physical, and Natural Sciences, University of New Mexico, Gallup, New Mexico, 87301, USA
| | - Wendy B Puryear
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
| | - Jonathan A Runstadler
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA
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11
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Tarasiuk K, Kycko A, Knitter M, Świętoń E, Wyrostek K, Domańska-Blicharz K, Bocian Ł, Meissner W, Śmietanka K. Pathogenicity of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 subtype for herring gulls (Larus argentatus): impact of homo- and heterosubtypic immunity on the outcome of infection. Vet Res 2022; 53:108. [PMID: 36517883 PMCID: PMC9749649 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve understanding of the pathobiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) infections in wild birds, pathogenicity and transmissibility of HPAIV H5N8 subtype clade 2.3.4.4b was evaluated in ~ 8-week-old herring gulls (Larus argentatus) divided into 3 groups: naïve birds (group A), birds previously exposed to low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H5N1 (group B) and LPAIV H13N6 (group C). The HPAIV H5N8 virus was highly virulent for naïve gulls, that showed early morbidity, high mortality, a broad spectrum of clinical signs, including violent neurological disorders, systemic distribution of the virus in organs accompanied by high level of shedding and transmission to contact birds. Pre-exposure to homologous and heterologous LPAIV subtypes conferred only partial protection: we observed increased survival rate (statistically significant only in group B), nervous signs, pantropic distribution of virus in organs, shedding (significantly reduced in gulls of group C in the early phase of disease and asymptomatic shedding in the late phase), transmission to contact gulls (more pronounced in group B) and near-complete seroconversion in survivors. Histopathological and immunohistochemical results indicate virus tropism for the neural, respiratory and myocardial tissues. In conclusion, we demonstrate that HPAIV H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b is highly virulent and lethal for fully susceptible herring gulls and that pre-exposure to homo- and heterosubtypic LPAIV only partially modulates the disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Tarasiuk
- grid.419811.4Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Anna Kycko
- grid.419811.4Department of Pathology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Knitter
- grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Ornithology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Edyta Świętoń
- grid.419811.4Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wyrostek
- grid.419811.4Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Domańska-Blicharz
- grid.419811.4Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bocian
- grid.419811.4Department of Epidemiology and Risk Assessment, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Meissner
- grid.8585.00000 0001 2370 4076Ornithology Unit, Department of Vertebrate Ecology & Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Śmietanka
- grid.419811.4Department of Poultry Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, Al. Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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12
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H5 cleavage-site peptide vaccine protects chickens from lethal infection by highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses. Arch Virol 2021; 167:67-75. [PMID: 34693488 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Highly pathogenic H5Nx avian influenza viruses constantly threaten the poultry industry and humans and have pandemic potential. These viruses continuously evolve, requiring a universal vaccine to protect chickens from members of diverse clades. The purpose of this study was to develop an H5 cleavage-site peptide vaccine containing polybasic amino acids (RRRK) to completely protect chickens from H5N6, H5N8, and H5N1 avian influenza viruses. Chickens were immunized with various doses of a keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-conjugated H5 cleavage-site peptide vaccine containing RRRK. The effect of RRRK was evaluated by comparing the survival rates of chickens immunized with vaccines either containing or lacking RRRK. The ability of the RRRK-containing vaccine to confer long-term protective immunity was also assessed. We found that protection was dependent on the number of antigens in the vaccine containing RRRK. Chickens immunized intramuscularly with two doses of 5 μg of the vaccine containing RRRK were completely protected, but those immunized with fewer than two doses of 3 or 1 μg were not protected. Chickens immunized with the vaccine lacking RRRK were not protected, suggesting the importance of the polybasic amino acids in conferring immunity. Our results suggest that conserved H5 cleavage-site peptides with polybasic amino acids may be a potential universal vaccine to protect chickens from various emerging clades of H5Nx avian influenza viruses.
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13
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Hubálek Z. Pathogenic microorganisms associated with gulls and terns (Laridae). JOURNAL OF VERTEBRATE BIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.25225/jvb.21009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdeněk Hubálek
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; e-mail:
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14
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Postnikova Y, Treshchalina A, Boravleva E, Gambaryan A, Ishmukhametov A, Matrosovich M, Fouchier RAM, Sadykova G, Prilipov A, Lomakina N. Diversity and Reassortment Rate of Influenza A Viruses in Wild Ducks and Gulls. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061010. [PMID: 34072256 PMCID: PMC8230314 DOI: 10.3390/v13061010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) evolve via point mutations and reassortment of viral gene segments. The patterns of reassortment in different host species differ considerably. We investigated the genetic diversity of IAVs in wild ducks and compared it with the viral diversity in gulls. The complete genomes of 38 IAVs of H1N1, H1N2, H3N1, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, H5N3, H6N2, H11N6, and H11N9 subtypes isolated from wild mallard ducks and gulls resting in a city pond in Moscow, Russia were sequenced. The analysis of phylogenetic trees showed that stable viral genotypes do not persist from year to year in ducks owing to frequent gene reassortment. For comparison, similar analyses were carried out using sequences of IAVs isolated in the same period from ducks and gulls in The Netherlands. Our results revealed a significant difference in diversity and rates of reassortment of IAVs in ducks and gulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia Postnikova
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement “Moskovskiy”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (Y.P.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Anastasia Treshchalina
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement “Moskovskiy”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (Y.P.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Elizaveta Boravleva
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement “Moskovskiy”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (Y.P.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Alexandra Gambaryan
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement “Moskovskiy”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (Y.P.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (A.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-985-136-3586
| | - Aydar Ishmukhametov
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for the Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products, Village of Institute of Poliomyelitis, Settlement “Moskovskiy”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (Y.P.); (A.T.); (E.B.); (A.I.)
| | - Mikhail Matrosovich
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
| | - Ron A. M. Fouchier
- Department of Virology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, 3015GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Galina Sadykova
- The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (G.S.); (A.P.); (N.L.)
| | - Alexey Prilipov
- The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (G.S.); (A.P.); (N.L.)
| | - Natalia Lomakina
- The Gamaleya National Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Ministry of Health, 123098 Moscow, Russia; (G.S.); (A.P.); (N.L.)
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15
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses at the Wild-Domestic Bird Interface in Europe: Future Directions for Research and Surveillance. Viruses 2021; 13:v13020212. [PMID: 33573231 PMCID: PMC7912471 DOI: 10.3390/v13020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in wild birds and poultry are no longer a rare phenomenon in Europe. In the past 15 years, HPAI outbreaks—in particular those caused by H5 viruses derived from the A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage that emerged in southeast Asia in 1996—have been occuring with increasing frequency in Europe. Between 2005 and 2020, at least ten HPAI H5 incursions were identified in Europe resulting in mass mortalities among poultry and wild birds. Until 2009, the HPAI H5 virus outbreaks in Europe were caused by HPAI H5N1 clade 2.2 viruses, while from 2014 onwards HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4 viruses dominated outbreaks, with abundant genetic reassortments yielding subtypes H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N4, H5N5, H5N6 and H5N8. The majority of HPAI H5 virus detections in wild and domestic birds within Europe coincide with southwest/westward fall migration and large local waterbird aggregations during wintering. In this review we provide an overview of HPAI H5 virus epidemiology, ecology and evolution at the interface between poultry and wild birds based on 15 years of avian influenza virus surveillance in Europe, and assess future directions for HPAI virus research and surveillance, including the integration of whole genome sequencing, host identification and avian ecology into risk-based surveillance and analyses.
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