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Liu Y, Qin Y, Hu Y, Chen W, Han Z, Yi C, Bi J, Huang H, Li Y, Zhang X, Lan T, Zheng M, Sun W. Epidemiological and evolutionary analysis of canine circovirus from 1996 to 2023. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:328. [PMID: 39033103 PMCID: PMC11264901 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine circovirus (CanineCV), a non-enveloped virus with a circular DNA genome, has been identified in various avian and mammalian species, including domestic and wild canids. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the prevalence of CanineCV across diverse animal species in 11 provinces of China. RESULTS A total of 1,666 serum samples were collected, revealing a 5.82% prevalence of CanineCV in dogs, with the highest rates being observed in southern and eastern China. Phylogenetic analysis of 266 global CanineCV genomes sourced from the NCBI identified six distinct genotypes, elucidating the complex dynamics of their evolution. Evidence suggested a potential bat origin for CanineCV, with positive selection and high rates of evolution being observed. Recombination analysis revealed dynamic genetic exchange, highlighting the intricate nature of CanineCV evolution. Mutational analysis identified key amino acid substitutions likely to influence the virus's adaptation. Additionally, glycosylation, palmitoylation, and SUMOylation sites were predicted, shedding light on crucial functional properties of the virus. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a global perspective on the origin, genetic diversity, and evolutionary dynamics of CanineCV. Understanding these factors is crucial for elucidating its epidemiology and potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yanqing Hu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhixiao Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Chizhe Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Jingshan Bi
- Guangxi Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Haixin Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - XinYu Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China.
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Dankaona W, Nooroong P, Poolsawat N, Srionrod N, Techangamsuwan S, Anuracpreeda P. Molecular characterization of canine circovirus based on the Capsid gene in Thailand. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:312. [PMID: 38997779 PMCID: PMC11245861 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04120-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a single-stranded circular DNA virus that infects domestic and wild canids in many countries. CanineCV is associated with gastroenteritis and diarrhea, respiratory disease, and generalized vasculitis leading to a fatal event. The Capsid protein (Cap) is a structural protein of the virus which has high genetic variability and plays a role in the canine immune response. In this study, we cloned the full-length CanineCV Capsid gene (Cap). In-silico analyses were used to explore the genomic and amino acid variability and natural selection acting on the Cap gene. The immune relevance for T-cell and B-cell epitopes was predicted by the immunoinformatic approach. RESULTS According to the Cap gene, our results showed that CanineCV was separated into five phylogenetic groups. The obtained CanineCV strain from this study was grouped with the previously discovered Thai strain (MG737385), as supported by a haplotype network. Entropy analyses revealed high nucleotide and amino acid variability of the Capsid region. Selection pressure analysis revealed four codons at positions 24, 50, 103, and 111 in the Cap protein evolved under diversifying selection. Prediction of B-cell epitopes exhibited four consensus sequences based on physiochemical properties, and eleven peptide sequences were predicted as T-cell epitopes. In addition, the positive selection sites were located within T-cell and B-cell epitopes, suggesting the role of the host immune system as a driving force in virus evolution. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides knowledge of CanineCV genetic diversity, virus evolution, and potential epitopes for host cell immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wichan Dankaona
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Pornpiroon Nooroong
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Napassorn Poolsawat
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nitipon Srionrod
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Panat Anuracpreeda
- Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Cao L, Li S, Xin J, Liao Y, Li C, Peng G. Identification and characterization of a novel canine circovirus with truncated replicate protein in Sichuan, China. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1435827. [PMID: 39044742 PMCID: PMC11264373 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1435827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a recently identified member of the Circoviridae family. Since its discovery in 2011, CanineCV has been detected in different countries worldwide, infecting both domestic and wild canids. The virus is potentially associated with gastrointestinal and respiratory illnesses. In 2016, CanineCV was reported in the southwestern region of Guangxi, China. However, its prevalence in other provinces in the Southwest region remained unknown. This study collected a total of 208 serum samples from domestic dogs in Sichuan, China in 2022 to investigate the prevalence of CanineCV. Among these samples, 26 tested positive for CanineCV, resulting in a positivity rate of 12.5%. Additionally, 12 strains were sequenced, 9 of which had a sequence length of 2,063 nucleotides (nt), 2 of the other threes had a length of 2,062 nts and another was 2,064 nt. Notably, a frameshift mutation was identified, resulting in a truncated ORF1 and the occurrence of a novel sequence comprised of 13 amino acids at the end of the replicate protein (Rep). This mutation could affect the replication cycle of the virus. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses revealed that the isolates belonged to the CanineCV-3 genotype and were prevalent in the Southeast and the Southwest regions of China, as well as in the neighboring countries alongside other strains of the same genotype. Collectively, this epidemiological investigation widens our understanding of the genetic diversity of CanineCV in Southwest China and provides insights into viral evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- College of Laboratory, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Suyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jialiang Xin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanjun Liao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Polysaccharide Materials and Modification, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
| | - Chenghui Li
- College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Guangneng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Magliocca M, Taddei R, Urbani L, Bertasio C, Facile V, Gallina L, Sampieri M, Rugna G, Rubini S, Maioli G, Terrusi A, Battilani M, Balboni A. Molecular Detection of Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in Red Foxes ( Vulpes vulpes) from Italy. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1969. [PMID: 38998080 PMCID: PMC11240561 DOI: 10.3390/ani14131969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals, including wildlife, are part of One-Health concept since many infectious diseases can affect both humans and animals. In this study, 126 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Northern Italy in 2022-2023 were tested by molecular assays for Protoparvovirus carnivoran 1 (PPVC-1), Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 (CAdV-1 and CAdV-2), Circovirus canine (CanineCV), Canine distemper virus (CDV), and Leptospira spp. A total of 39 of 126 (30.9%) red foxes were infected with at least one pathogen and five of these were coinfected: 20/126 (15.9%) red foxes tested positive for PPVC-1, 3/126 (2.4%) for CAdV, 20/126 (15.9%) for CanineCV, and 2/126 (1.6%) for Leptospira spp. DNA. No foxes tested positive for CDV RNA. The pathogens identified were genetically analysed. New findings were reported such as a fox with multiple feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) and canine parvovirus type 2b (CPV-2b) infection associated with quasispecies dynamics, typical genetic characteristics of the identified CanineCV, and the first detection in red foxes of Leptospira ST198 related to L. interrogans serogroup Australis. Further studies are necessary to investigate the transmission between domestic animals and wildlife and to understand the role of red foxes in the maintenance of these pathogens not only in the wild but also in urban and peri-urban environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Magliocca
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Taddei
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Bertasio
- Italian Reference Centre for Animal Leptospirosis, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Brescia, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Facile
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gallina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Sampieri
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rugna
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Modena, 41122 Modena, Italy
| | - Silva Rubini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Ferrara, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Maioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia Romagna (IZSLER) "Bruno Ubertini", Sede Territoriale di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessia Terrusi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy
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Lei X, Lv Q, Qin Y, Chen W, Hu Y, Zhao C, Zhang X, Huang H, Li Y, Lu J, Lan T, Sun W, Zheng M. Establishment of a chip digital PCR detection method for canine circovirus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30859. [PMID: 38774073 PMCID: PMC11107241 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV), which is a new mammalian circovirus first reported in the United States in 2012, mainly causes diarrhea and vomiting in dogs. As CanineCV evolves and new subtypes emerge, there is an urgent need for new detection technologies to improve the sensitivity and detection rates of viruses in complex scenarios. A chip digital PCR(cdPCR) assay was established for the detection of CanineCV in this study. The results showed good reproducibility, specificity and a linear relationship; the minimum detection limit of CanineCV by cdPCR was 6.62 copies/μL, which is 10 times more sensitive than quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The qPCR-positive detection rate was 1 %, while CanineCV cdPCR (2.1 %) exhibited a greater positive detection rate. Fifteen complete genomes were sequenced and subdivided into CanineCV-1 and CanineCV-3. In conclusion, we developed a rapid, reliable, and specific cdPCR method for screening and monitoring canine CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lei
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Qiao Lv
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yanqing Hu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Haixin Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Yuying Li
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Wenchao Sun
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory for Virology and Immunology, Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Min Zheng
- Guangxi Centre for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Nanning, 530001, China
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6
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Neef A, Nath BK, Das T, Luque D, Forwood JK, Raidal SR, Das S. Recombinantly expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) of canine circovirus for development of an indirect ELISA. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1121-1133. [PMID: 38163840 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging pathogen in domestic dogs, detected in multiple countries in association with varying clinical and pathological presentations including diarrhoea, vasculitis, granulomatous inflammation, and respiratory signs. Understanding the pathology of CanineCV is confounded by the fact that it has been detected in asymptomatic dogs as well as in diseased dogs concurrently infected with known pathogens. Recombinantly expressed self-assembling Virus-like particles (VLPs) lack viral genomic material but imitate the capsid surface conformations of wild type virion, allowing arrays of biological applications including subunit vaccine development and immunodiagnostics. In this study, full length CanineCV capsid gene was expressed in Escherichia coli followed by two-step purification process to yield soluble capsid protein in high concentration. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the capsid antigen self-assembled into 17-20 nm VLPs in glutathione S-transferase (GST) buffer, later utilised to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). The respective sensitivity and specificity of the proposed iELISA were 94.10% and 88.40% compared with those obtained from Western blot. The mean OD450 value for western blot positive samples was 1.22 (range 0.12-3.39) and negative samples was 0.21 (range 0.07-0.41). An optimal OD450 cut-off of 0.35 was determined by ROC curve analysis. Median inter-assay and intra-assay validation revealed that the iELISA test results were reproducible with coefficients of variation 7.70 (range 5.6-11.9) and 4.21 (range 1.2-7.4). Our results demonstrated that VLP-based iELISA is a highly sensitive method for serological diagnosis of CanineCV infections in dogs, suitable for large-scale epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Neef
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Babu Kanti Nath
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia.
| | - Tridip Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Daniel Luque
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- Biosecurity Research Program and Training Centre, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
- Training Hub Promoting Regional Industry and Innovation in Virology and Epidemiology, Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2678, Australia
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7
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Lin Y, Pascall DJ. Characterisation of putative novel tick viruses and zoonotic risk prediction. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10814. [PMID: 38259958 PMCID: PMC10800298 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tick-associated viruses remain a substantial zoonotic risk worldwide, so knowledge of the diversity of tick viruses has potential health consequences. Despite their importance, large amounts of sequences in public data sets from tick meta-genomic and -transcriptomic projects remain unannotated, sequence data that could contain undocumented viruses. Through data mining and bioinformatic analysis of more than 37,800 public meta-genomic and -transcriptomic data sets, we found 83 unannotated contigs exhibiting high identity with known tick viruses. These putative viral contigs were classified into three RNA viral families (Alphatetraviridae, Orthomyxoviridae and Chuviridae) and one DNA viral family (Asfarviridae). After manual checking of quality and dissimilarity towards other sequences in the data set, these 83 contigs were reduced to five contigs in the Alphatetraviridae from four putative viruses, four in the Orthomyxoviridae from two putative viruses and one in the Chuviridae which clustered with known tick-associated viruses, forming a separate clade within the viral families. We further attempted to assess which previously known tick viruses likely represent zoonotic risks and thus deserve further investigation. We ranked the human infection potential of 133 known tick-associated viruses using a genome composition-based machine learning model. We found five high-risk tick-associated viruses (Langat virus, Lonestar tick chuvirus 1, Grotenhout virus, Taggert virus and Johnston Atoll virus) that have not been known to infect human and two viral families (Nairoviridae and Phenuiviridae) that contain a large proportion of potential zoonotic tick-associated viruses. This adds to the knowledge of tick virus diversity and highlights the importance of surveillance of newly emerging tick-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Lin
- MRC Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUK
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8
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Hess SC, Weiss KCB, Custer JM, Lewis JS, Kraberger S, Varsani A. Identification of small circular DNA viruses in coyote fecal samples from Arizona (USA). Arch Virol 2023; 169:12. [PMID: 38151635 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Coyotes (Canis latrans) have a broad geographic distribution across North and Central America. Despite their widespread presence in urban environments in the USA, there is limited information regarding viruses associated with coyotes in the USA and in particular the state of Arizona. To explore viruses associated with coyotes, particularly small DNA viruses, 44 scat samples were collected (April-June 2021 and November 2021-January 2022) along the Salt River near Phoenix, Arizona (USA), along 43 transects (500 m). From these samples, we identified 11 viral genomes: two novel circoviruses, six unclassified cressdnaviruses, and two anelloviruses. One of the circoviruses is most closely related to a circovirus sequence identified from an aerosolized dust sample in Arizona, USA. The second circovirus is most closely related to a rodent-associated circovirus and canine circovirus. Of the unclassified cressdnaviruses, three encode replication-associated proteins that are similar to those found in protists (Histomonas meleagridis and Monocercomonoides exilis), implying an evolutionary relationship with or a connection to similar unidentified protist hosts. The two anelloviruses are most closely related to those found in rodents, and this suggests a diet-related identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savage C Hess
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Katherine C B Weiss
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Joy M Custer
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Jesse S Lewis
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus, 6073 South Backus Mall, Mesa, AZ, 85212, USA
| | - Simona Kraberger
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Arvind Varsani
- The School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
- Center of Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, 427 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
- Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
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9
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Cardoso BTM, de Deus DR, Sousa EC, Pinheiro KDC, da Costa JN, Maués MAC, Mesquita MJDF, Teixeira DM, Siqueira JAM, Resque HR, Gabbay YB, da Silva LD. Molecular analysis of canine circovirus in dogs from animal shelters in Belém, Pará, northern Brazil: first detection at the amazon region. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2023; 45:e000723. [PMID: 37859867 PMCID: PMC10583600 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The canine circovirus (CanCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that has become an important emerging virus associated with gastroenteritis in dogs worldwide. In the present study, the CanCV was detected by PCR in 15% (22/147) of dogs from animal shelters in Belém, between 2019 and 2020. We observed an association between the CanCV infection and the presence of diarrhea in animals younger than one year of age (p > 0.01). The Brazilian strains were grouped in Chinese genotypes, with 99.54 to 100% nucleotilde homology. The GMRF Bayesian Skyride used the molecular clock model, which was the best suited technique to plot the dataset. The most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) was estimated in 2017, with the evolution rate of 1.6 x 10-3 s/s/y. The viral family diversity was also investigated, with emphasis on the families of the enteric pathogenic viruses Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae and Astroviridae, which were detected in the CanCV positive pooled samples. This study highlights the importance of the CanCV as an emergent virus that causes diarrhea in Brazilian dogs. The results found herein contribute to the understanding of the role of CanCV in enteric diseases and in the evolutionary molecular characterization of the circulating genotypes. Furthermore, we increased the understanding of the fecal virome in dogs with diarrhea, providing data for the monitoring and prevention viral gastroenteric diseases in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Trindade Moreira Cardoso
- Biomedical Scientist, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia (PPGBPA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Danielle Rodrigues de Deus
- Biologist, MSc., Programa de Pós-graduação em Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Edivaldo Costa Sousa
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Parasitologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Kenny da Costa Pinheiro
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Jonaia Novaes da Costa
- Biomedical Scientist, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Parasitária da Amazônia (PPGBPA), Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Dielle Monteiro Teixeira
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Reis Resque
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Biomedical Scientist, DSc., Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil.
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10
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Lv ZH, Lian CY, Li CL, Chui WT, Yao XY, Shao JW, Zhang XL. Epidemiology and genotypic diversity of canine circovirus identified in pet dogs in Harbin, China. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106978. [PMID: 37414268 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that circulates in dogs and wild carnivores around the world. It has been suggested to be associated with diseases of respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, though its pathogenic potential remains unclear. Currently, CanineCV is divided into six genotypes (genotype 1-6), and genotypes 2, 3, and 4 have been described in China. In this study, 359 blood samples from pet dogs with or without clinical signs were collected in Harbin city. After PCR screening, a total of 34 samples were tested positive for CanineCV, and nine full-length genome sequences were recovered from positive samples. Pairwise sequence comparison showed that they shared 82.4-99.3% genome-wide identity with other CanineCVs available in GenBank. Additionally, recombination events were detected, all of which were determined to be associated with sequences obtained in China. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree based on the recombination-free complete genome sequences revealed that the complete genome sequences generated herein were clustered into genotypes 1 and 3. Furthermore, purifying selection was the dominant evolutionary pressure acting on the genomes of CanineCV. These results expand the knowledge about the genetic diversity of CanineCV circulating in China, and also promote us to better understand the evolution of CanineCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hang Lv
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Yang Lian
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chang-Le Li
- Dezhou Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Shandong province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Chui
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Qinghai province, China
| | - Xin-Yan Yao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Wei Shao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Xiao X, Li YC, Xu FP, Hao X, Li S, Zhou P. Canine circovirus among dogs and cats in China: first identification in cats. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1252272. [PMID: 37711694 PMCID: PMC10498457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1252272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a virus associated with respiratory and digestive diseases in dogs and often occurs in coinfections with other pathogens, thereby aggravating the symptoms of infected dogs. CanineCV was first reported in the United States in 2012. Subsequently, it was reported among dogs in Europe, Asia, and South America. To investigate the prevalence of CanineCV in dogs in China, 331 dog samples were collected in this study. The PCR results showed that 9.06% (30/331, 95% CI = 6.2% ~ 12.7%) of the dog samples were CanineCV positive. CanineCV has also been detected in some carnivorous wild animals, indicating the potential risk of cross-species transmission of this virus. And, cats are also one of the most common pets in our daily lives, who is close contact with dogs. Thus, this study first investigated the prevalence of CanineCV in cats. The PCR results showed that 3.42% (14/409, 95% CI = 1.9% ~ 5.7%) of the cat samples were CanineCV positive. Moreover, 14 canine-derived CanineCV whole genomes and the first cat-derived CanineCV whole genome were obtained in this study. Rep and Cap are the major nonstructural proteins and structural proteins of CanineCV, respectively. In nucleic acid homology analyses, these 15 CanineCV strains showed a high degree of variation in Rep (85.9 ~ 99%) and Cap (85.6 ~ 100%). In phylogenetic analyses, the 15 CanineCV strains clustered into 3 different genotypes (genotypes 1, 3, and 4). Among them, the first cat-derived CanineCV belonged to CanineCV-3. In addition, 4 genetic recombination events were predicted in these 15 CanineCV strains, occurring in multiple regions of the genome. In conclusion, this study is the first to provide evidence of CanineCV infection in cats and successfully obtained the first whole genome of cat-derived CanineCV. The complex circulation and high prevalence of CanineCV among dogs and cats emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring of this virus in various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Chao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Pei Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangqi Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Gomez-Betancur D, Rendon-Marin S, Giraldo-Ramírez S, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. Canine circovirus genomic characterization in dogs with and without diarrheal syndrome in Medellín, Colombia. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1204214. [PMID: 37470068 PMCID: PMC10352771 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1204214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging agent described for the first time in 2011, it infects domestic and wild canids, mainly associated with gastrointestinal signs; however, it has also been reported in samples obtained from animals without clinical signs, so its pathogenesis and epidemiology are still poorly understood. In Colombia, the CanineCV was first reported in 2020 from CPV-2 positive dogs. In the present work, CanineCV was detected in 30% of fecal samples obtained from dogs with or without diarrhea, in the city of Medellín, Colombia. No coinfection with CPV-2 was found. The highest number of positive samples was found in the subgroup of animals with diarrhea. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses confirmed the separation of the CanineCV genomes into five different clades with a European origin of the Colombian viruses and at least two different introductions of the CanineCV into the country. Our results highlight the importance of the CanineCV in Colombian dog populations and the need for continue surveillance of emerging pathogens in canine populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomez-Betancur
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Giraldo-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Sede Bogotá, Centro de Investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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13
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de Villiers L, Molini U, Coetzee LM, Visser L, Spangenberg J, de Villiers M, Berjaoui S, Khaiseb S, Lorusso A, Franzo G. Molecular epidemiology of Canine circovirus in domestic dogs and wildlife in Namibia, Africa. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105458. [PMID: 37257803 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a DNA virus affecting domestic dogs and other wild carnivore species. Despite the potential implications for dogs' health and wildlife conservation, data on CanineCV presence, epidemiology and genetic features from Africa is still poor. In the present study, biological specimens collected between 2020 and 2022 from a total of 32 jackals and 575 domestic dogs were tested for the presence of CanineCV DNA to evaluate its frequency. Furthermore, sequencing was conducted on positive samples to characterize the strains and compare them with publicly available sequences through phylogenetic analysis. A high CanineCV prevalence was observed both in jackals (43.75%; 95 CI: 28.17% - 60.67%) and domestic dogs (27.13%; 95 CI: 23.66% - 30.91%). All aside from one Namibian strain formed an independent clade, suggestive of extremely rare introduction events, followed by local persistence, circulation, and evolution. Remarkably, different recombination events were observed involving strains from both jackals and domestic dogs, which testify to the likely strain exchange between these populations. Distinctive amino acid residues were also observed in jackals. The limitations of the considered host populations however prevent a definitive conclusion on host adaptation, biological, and clinical features. Further studies should be performed to expand our current knowledge of the CanineCV disease scenario in Namibia, other African regions, and associated host species in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens de Villiers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Umberto Molini
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia; Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Lauren M Coetzee
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek, Namibia; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Leandra Visser
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Jani Spangenberg
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mari de Villiers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Neudamm Campus, Private Bag 13301, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Shadia Berjaoui
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Siegfried Khaiseb
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), 24 Goethe Street, Private Bag 18137, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Alessio Lorusso
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Dept. of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
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Ndiana LA, Lanave G, Desario C, Odigie AE, Madubuike KG, Lucente MS, Ezeifeka CA, Patruno G, Lorusso E, Elia G, Buonavoglia C, Decaro N. Detection of Selected Canine Viruses in Nigerian Free-Ranging Dogs Traded for Meat Consumption. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061119. [PMID: 36978659 PMCID: PMC10044693 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal trade favors the spreading of emerging and re-emerging pathogens. Concerns have been previously expressed regarding the risks of dog trade in spreading zoonotic pathogens in Nigeria. However, the role of these dogs in disseminating highly pathogenic canine viruses has not yet been explored. The present study aimed to identify selected canine viruses in dogs traded for meat consumption in Nigeria. A total of 100 blood samples were screened for carnivore protoparvovirus-1 (CPPV-1), canine adenovirus 1/2 (CAdV-1/2), canine circovirus (CaCV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) by using real-time PCR and conventional PCR and/or sequencing. CPPV-1 DNA was identified in 83% of canine samples while CaCV DNA and CDV RNA were detected in 14% and 17% of the dog samples, respectively. None of the dogs tested positive for CAdV-1/2. The CaCVs identified in this study clustered along with other European, Asian, and American strains. Moreover, CDV strains identified in Nigeria clustered in a separate lineage with the closest genetic relatedness to the Europe-South America-1 clade. Further surveys prior to and after arrival of dogs at the slaughtering points are required to clarify the real virus burden in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Costantina Desario
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Amienwanlen E Odigie
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Kelechi G Madubuike
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Maria Stella Lucente
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Chukwuemeka A Ezeifeka
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umuhaia Ikot Ekpene Road, Umudike 440101, Nigeria
| | - Giovanni Patruno
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Lorusso
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Elia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Canio Buonavoglia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Strada Provinciale per Casamassima Km 3, Valenzano, 70010 Bari, Italy
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15
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Gomez-Betancur D, Vargas-Bermudez DS, Giraldo-Ramírez S, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. Canine circovirus: An emerging or an endemic undiagnosed enteritis virus? Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1150636. [PMID: 37138920 PMCID: PMC10150634 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1150636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) belongs to the family Circoviridae. It is an emerging virus described for the first time in 2011; since then, it has been detected in different countries and can be defined as worldwide distribution virus. CanineCV infects domestic and wild canids and is mainly related to hemorrhagic enteritis in canines. However, it has been identified in fecal samples from apparently healthy animals, where in most cases it is found in coinfection with other viral agents such as the canine parvovirus type-2 (CPV). The estimated prevalence/frequency of CanineCV has been variable in the populations and countries where it has been evaluated, reaching from 1 to 30%, and there are still many concepts to define the epidemiological characteristics of the virus. The molecular characterization and phylo-evolutive analyses that allow to postulate the wild origin and intercontinental distribution of the virus. This review focuses on the importance on continuing research and establish surveillance systems for this emerging virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gomez-Betancur
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana S. Vargas-Bermudez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sebastian Giraldo-Ramírez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Centro de investigación en Infectología e Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales—GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- *Correspondence: Julian Ruiz-Saenz,
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16
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Epidemiology, genetic diversity, and association of canine circovirus infection in dogs with respiratory disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15445. [PMID: 36104425 PMCID: PMC9472715 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractAlthough canine circovirus (CanineCV)-associated with gastroenteritis has been well documented, the virus is also detectable in the respiratory discharge of dogs with respiratory disease. In this study, an epidemiological approach was used to explore the association between the presence of CanineCV and respiratory symptoms in dogs. Respiratory swabs were collected from 76 healthy dogs and 114 dogs with respiratory illness and tested for CanineCV using conventional PCR (cPCR). Furthermore, lung tissues collected from 15 necropsied dogs showing pneumonia were tested using the real-time PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH) technique. A total of 8.95% (17/190) of dogs were CanineCV positive, with a significant association (p = 0.013) in dogs with respiratory signs. Four necropsied dogs were qPCR positive with the CanineCV-DNA labeling localized in tracheobronchial lymphoid cells (3/4), pulmonary parenchyma, capillary endothelia, and mononuclear cells harboring in alveoli (2/4). Full-length genome sequences of seven CanineCV strains were analyzed, indicating that the detected CanineCV genome clustered in the CanineCV-4 genotype. Genetic recombination was also evident in the replicase (Rep) gene. Although the role of CanineCV primarily affecting lung lesions could not be determined from this study, the presence of CanineCV DNA in pulmonary-associated cells indicated the potential association of the virus with canine respiratory disease; thus, linking causality must be examined in further studies.
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17
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Kaushik V, Jain P, Akhtar N, Joshi A, Gupta LR, Grewal RK, Oliva R, Shaikh AR, Cavallo L, Chawla M. Immunoinformatics-Aided Design and In Vivo Validation of a Peptide-Based Multiepitope Vaccine Targeting Canine Circovirus. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kaushik
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Lovi Raj Gupta
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bio-Engineering and Bio-Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144001, Punjab, India
| | - Ravneet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India
| | - Romina Oliva
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University Parthenope of Naples, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, I-80143, Naples, Italy
| | - Abdul Rajjak Shaikh
- Department of Research and Innovation, STEMskills Research and Education Lab Private Limited, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohit Chawla
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Hao X, Li Y, Chen H, Chen B, Liu R, Wu Y, Xiao X, Zhou P, Li S. Canine Circovirus Suppresses the Type I Interferon Response and Protein Expression but Promotes CPV-2 Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126382. [PMID: 35742826 PMCID: PMC9224199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus in canines. Since the first strain of CanineCV was reported in 2012, CanineCV infection has shown a trend toward becoming a global epidemic. CanineCV infection often occurs with coinfection with other pathogens that may aggravate the symptoms of disease in affected dogs. Currently, CanineCV has not been successfully isolated by laboratories, resulting in a lack of clarity regarding its physicochemical properties, replication process, and pathogenic characteristics. To address this knowledge gap, the following results were obtained in this study. First, a CanineCV strain was rescued in F81 cells using infectious clone plasmids. Second, the Rep protein produced by the viral packaging rescue process was found to be associated with cytopathic effects. Additionally, the Rep protein and CanineCV inhibited the activation of the type I interferon (IFN-I) promoter, blocking subsequent expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Furthermore, Rep was found to broadly inhibit host protein expression. We speculate that in CanineCV and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) coinfection cases, CanineCV promotes CPV-2 replication by inducing immunosuppression, which may increase the severity of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yidan Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (S.L.)
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.H.); (Y.L.); (H.C.); (B.C.); (R.L.); (Y.W.); (X.X.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (S.L.)
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Beikpour F, Ndiana LA, Sazmand A, Capozza P, Nemati F, Pellegrini F, Zafari S, Zolhavarieh SM, Cardone R, Faraji R, Lanave G, Martella V, Decaro N. Detection and Genomic Characterization of Canine Circovirus in Iran. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040507. [PMID: 35203215 PMCID: PMC8868521 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary During the last decade, canine circovirus (CaCV) has been repeatedly reported in domestic dogs with and without acute enteritis. Here we report the detection and full genome characterization of CaCV strains from non-diarrheic dogs in Iran. The results showed the circulation of the virus in this country, with Iranian strains segregating from the CaCVs detected in other countries. Abstract Canine circovirus (CaCV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that globally circulates in dogs and wild carnivores. Although the pathogenic potential of the virus has not been fully understood yet, CaCV has been suggested to exacerbate the clinical course of other canine viral infections but also to circulate in dogs without clinical signs. In this study, we carried out real-time PCR assays to detect enteric pathogens from 156 canine rectal swabs collected from dogs without enteritis in 3 different regions in Iran. A total of 14 samples tested positive for CaCV and full-length genome sequences were obtained from 6 of the detected strains. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that, despite the distance between the different sample collection sites, all Iranian CaCV strains were closely related and formed a separate clade from extant CaCVs. The present study shows that CaCV is circulating in non-diarrheic dogs in Iran, thus highlighting the need for further epidemiological investigations in Iranian domestic and wild carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Beikpour
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Linda Amarachi Ndiana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Alireza Sazmand
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran; (A.S.); (F.N.); (S.Z.)
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd 8915173160, Iran
| | - Paolo Capozza
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Farzad Nemati
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran; (A.S.); (F.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Francesco Pellegrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Salman Zafari
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran; (A.S.); (F.N.); (S.Z.)
| | - Seyed Masoud Zolhavarieh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517658978, Iran;
| | - Roberta Cardone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Reza Faraji
- Department of Animal Breeding & Genetics, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 7787131587, Iran;
| | - Gianvito Lanave
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Vito Martella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
| | - Nicola Decaro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy; (F.B.); (L.A.N.); (P.C.); (F.P.); (R.C.); (G.L.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0804679832
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Canuti M, Rodrigues B, Bouchard É, Whitney HG, Lang AS, Dufour SC, Verhoeven JT. Distinct epidemiological profiles of porcine circovirus 3 and fox circovirus in Canadian foxes (Vulpes spp.). CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2022; 3:100161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2022.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Sun P, Ye Y, Li Y, Cui Y, Zhou T, Li Y, Wang Y. Establishment of hydrolysis probe system real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of canine circovirus. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:472. [PMID: 34722101 PMCID: PMC8541815 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-03031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the study, we established a hydrolysis probe-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to rapidly detect Canine circovirus (CanineCV) DNA in faecal samples. We designed a pair of specific primers and one probe targeting Rep in CanineCV, and sensitivity, specificity, and repeatability tests were performed to evaluate the efficacy of the assay. The assay showed high sensitivity and a minimum detection limit of 8.42 × 101 copies/μL, which is 1000-fold more sensitive compared to traditional PCR. The method was also highly specific, without cross-reaction with other common canine viruses. Moreover, the assay showed high repeatability, and the mean intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 0.26 and 0.36%, respectively. The results of the detection of clinical samples showed that the positive detection rate of CanineCV was 14.04% (8/57). Notably, 8% of clinical samples were co-infected with other canine pathogens. In conclusion, the establishment of a hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR method provides a fast, sensitive, specific, reliable, and repeatable method for CanineCV detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianhong Zhou
- New Ruipeng Hefei Tianhong Pet Hospital, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036 People’s Republic of China
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Novel Cyclovirus Species in Dogs with Hemorrhagic Gastroenteritis. Viruses 2021; 13:v13112155. [PMID: 34834961 PMCID: PMC8622408 DOI: 10.3390/v13112155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nested PCRs with circovirus/cyclovirus pan-rep (replicase gene) primers detected eukaryotic circular Rep-encoding single-stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) viruses in three (samples CN9E, CN16E and CN34) of 18 canine parvovirus-2-positive fecal samples from household dogs with hemorrhagic gastroenteritis on the Caribbean island of Nevis. The complete genomes of CRESS DNA virus CN9E, CN16E and CN34 were determined by inverse nested PCRs. Based on (i) genome organization, (ii) location of the putative origin of replication, (iii) pairwise genome-wide sequence identities, (iv) the presence of conserved motifs in the putative replication-associated protein (Rep) and the arginine-rich region in the amino terminus of the putative capsid protein (Cp) and (v) a phylogenetic analysis, CN9E, CN16E and CN34 were classified as cycloviruses. Canine-associated cycloviruses CN16E and CN34 were closely related to each other and shared low genome-wide nucleotide (59.642–59.704%), deduced Rep (35.018–35.379%) and Cp (26.601%) amino acid sequence identities with CN9E. All the three canine-associated cycloviruses shared < 80% genome-wide pairwise nucleotide sequence identities with cycloviruses from other animals/environmental samples, constituting two novel species (CN9E and CN16E/34) within the genus Cyclovirus. Considering the feeding habits of dogs, we could not determine whether the cycloviruses were of dietary origin or infected the host. Interestingly, the CN9E putative Rep-encoding open reading frame was found to use the invertebrate mitochondrial genetic code with an alternative initiation codon (ATA) for translation, corroborating the hypothesis that cycloviruses are actually arthropod-infecting viruses. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the detection and complete genome analysis of cycloviruses from domestic dogs.
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Balboni A, Terrusi A, Urbani L, Troia R, Stefanelli SAM, Giunti M, Battilani M. Canine circovirus and Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:223-232. [PMID: 34671910 PMCID: PMC8528481 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09850-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most relevant pathogens associated with enteritis in dogs and is frequently reported in association with the detection of other pathogens in faeces. In this study the concomitant presence of Canine circovirus (CanineCV) and Canine adenovirus (CAdV) DNA in faecal or intestine samples of 95 dogs with parvovirus enteritis sampled in Italy (1995–2017) was investigated and the viruses identified were genetically characterised. Potential correlations with the antigenic variant of CPV-2 and with signalment data and outcome were evaluated. Twenty-eight of 95 (29.5%) CPV-2 infected dogs tested positive to other viruses: 7/28 were also positive to CanineCV, 1/28 to CAdV-1, 18/28 to CAdV-2, 1/28 to CanineCV and CAdV-2, and 1/28 to CAdV-1 and CAdV-2. The frequency of CAdV DNA detection and coinfections was significantly higher in purebred dogs compared to mixed breed ones (P = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively). The presence of coinfection was not associated with any other relevant data available, including CPV-2 variant and final outcome. The detection of CanineCV in a dog sampled in 2009 allowed to backdating its circulation in dogs. The eight CanineCV completely sequenced were phylogenetically related to the CanineCV identified in dogs, wolves and a badger from Europe, USA, Argentina and China. Nine CAdV were partially sequenced and phylogenetic analysis showed a separate branch for the oldest CAdV-2 identified (1995). From the results obtained in this study population, CanineCV and CAdV coinfections in dogs with parvoviral enteritis did not result in more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Alessia Terrusi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Roberta Troia
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Silvia A M Stefanelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Massimo Giunti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia (BO), Italy.
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Tuong NM, Piewbang C, Rungsipipat A, Techangamsuwan S. Detection and molecular characterization of two canine circovirus genotypes co-circulating in Vietnam. Vet Q 2021; 41:232-241. [PMID: 34380001 PMCID: PMC8386738 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2021.1967511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Canine circovirus is reported in dogs in many countries, including the USA, China and Thailand. It has been detected in healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, and vasculitis. It comprises five genotypes and is frequently found as a coinfection with canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Aim To characterize canine circovirus genotypes co-circulating with CPV-2 in Vietnam. Method PCR assessment of 81 CPV-2-positive fecal samples from Vietnamese diarrheic dogs up to seven months of age for other viral enteric pathogens, including canine bocavirus, canine adenovirus, paramyxovirus, canine coronavirus, porcine circovirus-3 and canine circovirus. In addition, eight selected full genome sequences of Vietnamese canine circovirus were analyzed and used for phylogeny. Results In total 19.8% of samples were found to be positive for canine circovirus. Phylogeny revealed that the Vietnamese canine circovirus strains were clustered in two different genotypes (genotype-1 and -3). The genetic diversity among Vietnamese canine circovirus was 86.0–87.2%. The nucleotide discrepancy among both genotypes altered the deduced amino acid sequence in 14 and ten residues of the replicase and capsid proteins, respectively. Genetic recombination analysis revealed that the Vietnamese canine circovirus-6 strain has the American and Chinese canine circovirus as its major and minor parents, respectively. Only a single dog revealed triple detections of CPV-2c, Canine circovirus and canine adenovirus (1.2%). Conclusion The co-circulation of two different genotypes of canine circovirus and CPV-2c in dogs in Vietnam has been illustrated. Clinical relevance The mortality rate with CPV-2 only (22%) doubled in dogs with canine circovirus and CPV-2 co-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Tuong
- International Graduate Program in Veterinary Science and Technology (VST), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chutchai Piewbang
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anudep Rungsipipat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somporn Techangamsuwan
- Animal Virome and Diagnostic Development Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jain P, Joshi A, Akhtar N, Krishnan S, Kaushik V. An immunoinformatics study: designing multivalent T-cell epitope vaccine against canine circovirus. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:121. [PMID: 34406518 PMCID: PMC8371590 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine circovirus is a deadly pathogen of dogs and causes vasculitis and hemorrhagic enteritis. It causes lethal gastroenteritis in pigs, fox, and dogs. Canine circovirus genome contains two main (and opposite) transcription units which encode two open reading frames (ORFs), a replicase-associated protein (Rep) and the capsid (Cap) protein. The replicase protein and capsid protein consist of 303 amino acids and 270 amino acids respectively. Several immuno-informatics methods such as epitope screening, molecular docking, and molecular-dynamics simulations were used to craft peptide-based vaccine construct against canine circovirus. RESULTS The vaccine construct was designed by joining the selected epitopes with adjuvants by suitable linker. The cloning and expression of the vaccine construct was also performed using in silico methods. Screening of epitopes was conducted by NetMHC server that uses ANN (Artificial neural networking) algorithm. These methods are fast and cost-effective for screening epitopes that can interact with dog leukocyte antigens (DLA) and initiate an immune response. Overall, 5 epitopes, YQHLPPFRF, YIRAKWINW, ALYRRLTLI, HLQGFVNLK, and GTMNFVARR, were selected and used to design a vaccine construct. The molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation studies show that these epitopes can bind with DLA molecules with stability. The codon adaptation and in silico cloning studies show that the vaccine can be expressed by Escherichia coli K12 strain. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the vaccine construct can be useful in preventing the dogs from canine circovirus infections. However, the results need further validation by performing other in vitro and in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Jain
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Joshi
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nahid Akhtar
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Kaushik
- Domain of Bioinformatics, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
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Franzo G, Menandro ML, Tucciarone CM, Barbierato G, Crovato L, Mondin A, Libanora M, Obber F, Orusa R, Robetto S, Citterio C, Grassi L. Canine Circovirus in Foxes from Northern Italy: Where Did It All Begin? Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081002. [PMID: 34451466 PMCID: PMC8400258 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a recently identified virus affecting both domestic and wild carnivores, including foxes, sometimes in presence of severe clinical signs. Its circulation in wild animals can thus represent a potential threat for endangered species conservation and an infection source for dogs. Nevertheless, no data were available on its circulation in the Alps region of Northern Italy. In the present study, samples collected from 186 foxes in the period 2009–2020 from Valle d’Aosta and Veneto regions were tested using a real-time PCR assay, demonstrating a viral circulation of approximatively 2–5%, depending on the considered regions. Two complete or almost complete genome sequences were obtained, highlighting that the detected strains were part of a so defined “fox only” clade, which suggests that, despite common contact opportunities, Alps foxes are not involved in frequent transmission events to domestic dogs. Such genetic isolation could be at least partially attributed to some sort of independent evolution occurred in the foxes, leading to species barrier. Additionally, CanineCV strains in foxes from Italy were unexpectedly related to those previously identified in foxes from the United Kingdom and Scandinavian area. Combining the history of fox distribution in Europe since the last glacial maximum (LGM) with the viral history allowed us to speculate a long-standing coexistence between European canine circovirus and this host, justifying the peculiar geographic distribution and evolutionary paths of the fox infecting clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-827-2968
| | - Maria Luisa Menandro
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Claudia Maria Tucciarone
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Giacomo Barbierato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Lorenzo Crovato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandra Mondin
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
| | - Martina Libanora
- O.U. of Ecopathology, SCT2 Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 32100 Belluno, Italy; (M.L.); (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Federica Obber
- O.U. of Ecopathology, SCT2 Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 32100 Belluno, Italy; (M.L.); (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- S.C. Valle d.’Aosta—National Reference Centre Wildlife Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZS PLV)—Ce.R.M.A.S., 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (R.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Serena Robetto
- S.C. Valle d.’Aosta—National Reference Centre Wildlife Diseases, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta (IZS PLV)—Ce.R.M.A.S., 11020 Quart, AO, Italy; (R.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Carlo Citterio
- O.U. of Ecopathology, SCT2 Belluno, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 32100 Belluno, Italy; (M.L.); (F.O.); (C.C.)
| | - Laura Grassi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (M.L.M.); (C.M.T.); (G.B.); (L.C.); (A.M.); (L.G.)
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Integrated Use of Molecular Techniques to Detect and Genetically Characterise DNA Viruses in Italian Wolves ( Canis lupus italicus). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11082198. [PMID: 34438655 PMCID: PMC8388400 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In our study, different quantitative and qualitative molecular techniques were used to detect and genetically characterise Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, Canine adenovirus type 1 and 2 (CAdV-1 and CAdV-2), and Canine circovirus (CanineCV) in Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) of the Italian Apennines. Carnivore protoparvoviruses were the most frequently detected viruses, followed by CanineCV and CAdV. All the wolves tested positive for at least one of the DNA viruses screened, and 47.8% of the subjects were coinfected with two or three viruses. From viral sequences analysis, close correlations emerged between the viruses identified in the wolves and those circulating in domestic dogs, suggesting that the same viruses infect wolves and domestic dogs. Further studies are needed to investigate if pathogens are transmitted between the two species. Abstract In this study, internal organs (tongue, intestine, and spleen) of 23 free-ranging Italian wolves (Canis lupus italicus) found dead between 2017 and 2019 were tested for Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, Canine adenovirus (CAdV), and Canine circovirus (CanineCV) using real-time PCR assays. Genetic characterisation of the identified viruses was carried out by amplification, sequencing, and analysis of the complete viral genome or informative viral genes. All the wolves tested positive for at least one of the DNA viruses screened, and 11/23 were coinfected. Carnivore protoparvoviruses were the most frequently detected viruses (21/23), followed by CanineCV (11/23) and CAdV (4/23). From the analysis of the partial VP2 gene of 13 carnivore protoparvoviruses, 12 were canine parvovirus type 2b, closely related to the strains detected in dogs and wild carnivores from Italy, and one was a feline panleukopenia-like virus. Of the four CAdV identified, two were CAdV-1 and two were CAdV-2. The complete genome of seven CanineCVs was sequenced and related to the CanineCV identified in dogs, wolves, and foxes worldwide. Close correlations emerged between the viruses identified in wolves and those circulating in domestic dogs. Further studies are needed to investigate if these pathogens may be potentially cross-transmitted between the two species.
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Hao X, Li Y, Hu X, Fu X, Dong J, Zhang H, Zhou P, Li S. Feline Stool-Associated Circular DNA Virus (FeSCV) in Diarrheic Cats in China. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:694089. [PMID: 34222407 PMCID: PMC8242157 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.694089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feline stool-associated circular DNA virus (FeSCV) is an unclassified circular replication-associated protein-encoding single-stranded (CRESS) DNA virus that was discovered in cats in Japan in 2018. Few studies on the genomic characteristics and prevalence of FeSCV have been conducted. To investigate whether FeSCV has been circulating in domestic cats in Guangdong, China, fecal samples were collected from cats with diarrhea in an animal hospital in 2018 to promote research on FeSCV. The FeSCV genome was obtained by PCR amplification and sequencing, and the detected virus was named PY4 (GenBank No. MT732515). The genome of PY4 was 2,034 nt in size, which was 12 nt smaller than the reported genome of Japanese FeSCV strains (KU7, KU8, KU9, KU14) (2,046 nt). The PY4 strain shared 95.1 ~ 95.5% homology with Japanese FeSCV strains. Notably, the Cap protein of PY4 was mutated at 15 amino acid sites, and the PY4 genome contained a unique open reading frame 3. In addition, there were two additional base insertions in the stem-loop structure of PY4, and the nucleotide homology of the spacer region was not high. A phylogenetic tree based on Rep proteins showed that PY4, Japanese FeSCVs and rodent stool-associated circular viruses (RodSCVs) clustered together, suggesting that they might share a similar origin in their phylogenetic evolution. In this study, samples collected in Guangzhou, China, in 2018 were subjected to an etiological investigation, and 20% (2/10) of the samples were positive for FeSCV. The ORFs, stem-loop structures, Cap proteins and intergenic region sequences of PY4 were significantly different from those reported in Japan. This is the first report of FeSCV in domestic cats with diarrhea in China, and further epidemiological studies are urgently needed to assess the impact of the virus on cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanchao Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, China
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Wang L, Li Y, Guo Z, Yi Y, Zhang H, Shangguan H, Huang C, Ge J. Genetic changes and evolutionary analysis of canine circovirus. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2235-2247. [PMID: 34104994 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (canineCV) has been found to be associated with vasculitis, hemorrhage, hemorrhagic enteritis, and diarrhea of canines. CanineCV, like other circoviruses, may also be associated with lymphoid depletion and immunosuppression. This circovirus has been detected worldwide in different countries and species. Recombination and mutation events in the canineCV genome have been described, indicating that the virus is continuing to evolve. However, the origin, codon usage patterns, and host adaptation of canineCV remain to be studied. Here, the coding sequences of 93 canineCV sequences available in the GenBank database were used for analysis. The results showed that canineCV sequences could be classified into five genotypes, as confirmed by phylogenetic and principal component analysis (PCA). Maximum clade credibility (MCC) and maximum-likelihood (ML) trees suggested that canineCV originated from bat circovirus. G/T and A/C nucleotide biases were observed in ORF1 and ORF2, respectively, and a low codon usage bias (CUB) was found in canineCV using an effective number of codon (ENC) analysis. Correlation analysis, ENC plot analysis and neutrality plot analysis indicated that the codon usage pattern was mainly shaped by natural selection. Codon adaptation index (CAI) analysis, relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI) analysis, and similarity index (SiD) analysis revealed a better adaption to Vulpes vulpes than to Canis familiaris. Furthermore, a cross-species transmission hypothesis that canineCV may have evolved from bats (origin analysis) and subsequently adapted to wolves, arctic foxes, dogs, and red foxes, was proposed. This study contributes to our understanding of the factors related to canineCV evolution and host adaption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yifan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Ying Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Haikun Shangguan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Chengshi Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China. .,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030, China.
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30
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Nath BK, Das S, Roby JA, Sarker S, Luque D, Raidal SR, Forwood JK. Structural Perspectives of Beak and Feather Disease Virus and Porcine Circovirus Proteins. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:49-59. [PMID: 33275868 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circoviruses represent a rapidly expanding group of viruses that infect both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Members are responsible for diseases of veterinary and economic importance, including postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs, and beak and feather disease (BFD) in birds. These viruses are associated with lymphoid depletion and immunosuppressive conditions in infected animals leading to systemic illness. Circoviruses are small nonenveloped DNA viruses containing a single-stranded circular genome, encoding two major proteins: the capsid-associated protein (Cap), comprising the entirety of the viral capsid, and the replication-associated protein (Rep). Cap is the only protein component of the virion and plays crucial roles throughout the virus replication cycle, including viral attachment, cell entry, genome uncoating, and packaging of newly formed viral particles. Rep mediates recognition of replication origin motifs in the viral genome sequence and is responsible for endonuclease activity enabling nicking of the circular DNA and initiation of rolling-circle replication (RCR). Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was the first circovirus capsid structure to be solved at atomic resolution using X-ray crystallography. The structure revealed an assembly comprising 60 monomeric subunits to form virus-like particles. Each Cap monomer harbors a canonical viral jelly roll domain composed of two, four-stranded antiparallel β-sheets. Crystal structures of two distinct macromolecular assemblies from BFD virus Cap were also resolved at high resolution. In these structures, the exposure of the N-terminal arginine-rich motif, responsible for DNA binding and nuclear localization is reversed. Additional structural investigations have also elucidated a PCV2 type-specific neutralizing epitope, and interaction between the PCV2 capsid and polymers such as heparin. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the structural and functional aspects of circovirus proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu Kanti Nath
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Shubhagata Das
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Justin A Roby
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Subir Sarker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Luque
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología/ISCIII, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shane R Raidal
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
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Giraldo-Ramirez S, Rendon-Marin S, Vargas-Bermudez DS, Jaime J, Ruiz-Saenz J. First detection and full genomic analysis of Canine Circovirus in CPV-2 infected dogs in Colombia, South America. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17579. [PMID: 33067527 PMCID: PMC7567816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Circovirus (CanineCV) is an emerging virus which since its first report in USA in 2012, it has been described worldwide. It was the second mammalian circovirus species identified in dogs and its role in canine enteritis is still being uncertain as much as its association in disease with the Canine Parvovirus-2 (CPV-2). Here, we aim to confirm for the first time the presence of CanineCV in Colombia and to develop phylogenetic evolutive analyses of CanineCV in CPV-2 positive animals. DNA from samples were extracted and PCR, full genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was performed to detect and characterize CanineCV. From a total of 30 CPV-2 positive samples, 16.6% (n = 5) were positives for CanineCV. Sequencing analysis of Colombian CanineCV wild-type strains displayed high identity to each other (99.5–99.7% nt; 99.7% aa). The full genome phylogenetic analysis confirmed that worldwide reported CanineCV strains were separated into four distinct genotypes in addition to a European origin of the South American CanineCV strains. This study demonstrated the importance of continue surveillance of emerging viruses in canine populations and confirm for the first time the circulation and origin of CanineCV in Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Giraldo-Ramirez
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Diana S Vargas-Bermudez
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología E Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, CP 1100, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jairo Jaime
- Departamento de Salud Animal, Centro de Investigación en Infectología E Inmunología Veterinaria (CI3V), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Carrera 30 No. 45-03, CP 1100, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Calle 30A # 33-51, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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32
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Chang WS, Li CX, Hall J, Eden JS, Hyndman TH, Holmes EC, Rose K. Meta-Transcriptomic Discovery of a Divergent Circovirus and a Chaphamaparvovirus in Captive Reptiles with Proliferative Respiratory Syndrome. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101073. [PMID: 32992674 PMCID: PMC7600432 DOI: 10.3390/v12101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral pathogens are being increasingly described in association with mass morbidity and mortality events in reptiles. However, our knowledge of reptile viruses remains limited. Herein, we describe the meta-transcriptomic investigation of a mass morbidity and mortality event in a colony of central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) in 2014. Severe, extensive proliferation of the respiratory epithelium was consistently found in affected dragons. Similar proliferative lung lesions were identified in bearded dragons from the same colony in 2020 in association with increased intermittent mortality. Total RNA sequencing identified two divergent DNA viruses: a reptile-infecting circovirus, denoted bearded dragon circovirus (BDCV), and the first exogeneous reptilian chaphamaparvovirus—bearded dragon chaphamaparvovirus (BDchPV). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BDCV was most closely related to bat-associated circoviruses, exhibiting 70% amino acid sequence identity in the Replicase (Rep) protein. In contrast, in the nonstructural (NS) protein, the newly discovered BDchPV showed approximately 31%–35% identity to parvoviruses obtained from tilapia fish and crocodiles in China. Subsequent specific PCR assays revealed BDCV and BDchPV in both diseased and apparently normal captive reptiles, although only BDCV was found in those animals with proliferative pulmonary lesions and respiratory disease. This study expands our understanding of viral diversity in captive reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shan Chang
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
| | - Ci-Xiu Li
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
| | - Jane Hall
- Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia;
| | - John-Sebastian Eden
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Timothy H. Hyndman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia;
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (W.-S.C.); (C.-X.L.); (J.-S.E.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.H.); (K.R.)
| | - Karrie Rose
- Australian Registry of Wildlife Health, Taronga Conservation Society Australia, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia;
- Correspondence: (E.C.H.); (K.R.)
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33
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Wang Y, Li Y, Cui Y, Jiang S, Liu G, Wang J, Li Y. Establishment of a duplex SYBR green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection of canine circovirus and canine astrovirus. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 54:101666. [PMID: 32919029 PMCID: PMC7481260 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The similar clinical characteristics of canine circovirus (CaCV) and canine astrovirus (CaAstV) infections and high frequency of co-infection make diagnosis difficult. In this study, a duplex SYBR Green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was established for the rapid, simultaneous detection of CaCV and CaAstV. Two pairs of specific primers were designed based on the Rep gene of CaCV and the Cap gene of CaAstV. By using the real-time PCR assay method, the two viruses can be distinguished by the difference in melting temperatures, 79 °C and 86 °C for CaCV and CaAstV, respectively. This assay had high specificity, showing no cross-reaction with other common canine viruses, as well as high sensitivity, with minimum detection limits of 9.25 × 101 copies/μL and 6.15 × 101 copies/μL for CaCV and CaAstV, respectively. Based on the mean coefficient of variation, the method had good reproducibility and reliability. In a clinical test of 57 fecal samples, the rates of positive detection by real-time PCR were 14.04% (8/57) and 12.28% (7/57) for CaCV and CaAstV, respectively, and the rate of co-infection was 8.77% (5/57). In conclusion, the newly established duplex SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay is sensitive, specific, reliable, and rapid and is an effective tool for the detection of co-infections with CaCV and CaAstV. A duplex SYBR Green I based real-time PCR assay was established for CaCV and CaAstV. Specific primers targeting Rep of CaCV and Cap of CaAstV were designed. The assay had high specificity, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Animal Husbandry Base Teaching and Research Section, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China.
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
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Urbani L, Tryland M, Ehrich D, Fuglei E, Battilani M, Balboni A. Ancient origin and genetic segregation of canine circovirus infecting arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in Svalbard and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Northern Norway. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1283-1293. [PMID: 32786111 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) is a relatively new viral species, belonging to the family Circoviridae, whose pathogenic role is still uncertain. Since its first description in one domestic dog in 2011 from the USA, several reports have been documenting its distribution worldwide. Recently, CanineCV was also detected in wild animals such as wolves, foxes and badgers. In order to investigate the presence and the genetic characteristics of CanineCV in foxes of Arctic and Sub-Arctic regions, the presence of CanineCV DNA in internal organs (liver and spleen) of 51 arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) from Svalbard archipelago and 59 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Northern Norway, sampled from 1996 to 2001 and from 2014 to 2018, respectively, was screened by real-time PCR. CanineCV was detected in 11/51 arctic foxes and in 10/59 red foxes, backdating the circulation of the virus at least to 1996 in the arctic fox population. The complete genome of 14 identified CanineCV was sequenced and analysed showing an identity higher than 80.8% with the reference strains available to date. According to the species demarcation threshold of 80% genome-wide nucleotide sequence identity for members of the family Circoviridae provided by International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), all the CanineCV belong to a single species. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the CanineCV were subdivided into five main clusters with one including only CanineCV identified in foxes. Furthermore, CanineCV identified in arctic foxes and red foxes formed two distinct lineages. From these data, we hypothesize that the viral transmission did not occur between the two species of foxes as a consequence of the lack of contact between the two hosts or that the virus acquired mutations in the time elapsed between the samplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Urbani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Morten Tryland
- Arctic Infection Biology, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dorothee Ehrich
- Arctic Infection Biology, Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eva Fuglei
- Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mara Battilani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Balboni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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35
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Wang Y, Cui Y, Li Y, Jiang S, Liu H, Wang J, Li Y. Simultaneous detection of duck circovirus and novel goose parvovirus via SYBR green I-based duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101648. [PMID: 32798710 PMCID: PMC7426261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Beak atrophy and dwarfism syndrome (BADS) is commonly caused by co-infection with duck circovirus (DuCV) and novel goose parvovirus (NGPV). Therefore, concurrent detection of both viruses is important for monitoring and limiting BADS, although such a diagnostic test has not been reported. In this study, we developed a duplex, SYBR Green I-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to enable the simultaneous detection of DuCV and NGPV. The assay readily distinguished between the two viruses, based on their different melting temperatures (Tm), where the Tm for DuCV was 80 °C and that for NGPV was 84.5 °C. Other non-target duck viruses that were tested did not show melting peaks. The detection limit of the duplex assay was 101 copies/μL for both viruses. This method exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility, and both the inter-assay and intra-assay variation coefficients were <1.6%. Thirty-one fecal samples were collected for clinical testing using real-time PCR analysis, and the results were confirmed using sequencing. The rate of co-infection was 6.5%, which was consistent with the sequencing results. This duplex real-time PCR assay offers advantages over other tests, such as rapid, sensitive, specific, and reliable detection of both viruses in a single sample, which enables the quantitative detection of DuCV and NGPV in clinical samples. Using this test may be instrumental in reducing the incidence of BADS and the associated economic losses in the duck and goose industries. SYBR Green based PCR to simultaneously detect duck circovirus and goose parvovirus. The assay had specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yongqiu Cui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Yeqiu Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Shudong Jiang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pathobiology and Disease Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, PR China
| | - Hua Liu
- Anhui Provincial Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, 230000, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Animal Husbandry Base Teaching and Research Section, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075131, PR China.
| | - Yongdong Li
- Municipal Key Laboratory of Virology, Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, PR China.
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36
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Wang Z, Shi Y, Wang Y, Zhao L, Cui X, Wen S, Liu H, Cui W, Chen H, Ge J. Detection of Antibodies Against Canine Circovirus in Naturally and Experimentally Infected Canines by Recombinant Capsid Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:294. [PMID: 32548131 PMCID: PMC7270207 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV), a new pathogen, was found to be associated with canine hemorrhagic diarrhea, vasculitis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, and acute gastroenteritis. Although CanineCV was highly positive rate in diarrhea cases, its pathogenicity remains controversial. In this study, the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of CanineCV infection among domestic dogs in northeastern China was investigated by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) based on recombinant capsid protein. Results revealed the proposed iELISA had no cross-reactivity with other related pathogens, and yielded good diagnostic values. Then, to evaluate the rCap iELISA, this study applied it to detect antibodies against CanineCV in 1,047 clinical serum samples obtained from northeastern China in 2016–2017. Results showed the positive rates in the five cities of Jilin, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang provinces ranged from 22.22 to 42.29%. Statistical analysis shows a significant difference in age between dogs <3 months old with respect to the >1-year-old dogs (p = 0.005), that is, the CanineCV infection was more frequently identified from older dogs. In the artificially infected experiment, the dogs developed seroconversion after 9 or 12 days and the main way of virus excretion was through feces. More interestingly, among the 32 ELISA-positive serum samples, 34.75% samples tested positive for the CanineCV DNA by qPCR, far higher than that in ELISA-negative serum samples (5.26%, 2/38). This report is the first to demonstrate that CanineCV infection is common in the dog population in northeastern China. The results showed obvious differences in the positive rate associated with diarrhea, age, but not with different cities. This study also provide basis for evaluating the pathogenic potential of CanineCV. But, the pathogenicity, the relationship between antibody level and immune protection, and the harmful effects of this virus remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunjia Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xingyang Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shanshan Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hanghang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Wen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, China
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37
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Genomic Characterization of Canine Circovirus Detected in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from Italy using a New Real-Time PCR Assay. J Wildl Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.7589/2018-11-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Turan T, Işıdan H. Molecular characterization of canine astrovirus, vesivirus and circovirus, isolated from diarrheic dogs in Turkey. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH 2020; 21:172-179. [PMID: 33178294 PMCID: PMC7608039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine astrovirus (CAstV) has been considered the primary cause of gastroenteritis in young animals worldwide, while canine vesivirus (CVeV) and canine circovirus (CCiV) are occasionally reported. AIMS This study aimed to investigate the existence and molecular characteristics for these three viruses in Turkey. Methods: Faecal samples from 150 shelter dogs with gastrointestinal problems (127 adults and 23 puppies) were collected and examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis based on the partial sequence of RdRp gene (ORF1b) for CAstV, ORF2 gene of CVeV and capsid protein (Cap) and replication associated protein (Rep) gene of CCiV. Randomly selected positive samples were submitted to sequencing and molecular analyses were conducted based on partial sequences. RESULTS It was found that 66% (99/150) of diarrhoeic dogs were positive for CAstV, 3.33% (5/150) for CVeV, and 6% (9/150) for CCiV. Four sub-genotypes for CAstV and two sub-genotypes for CVeV were suggested according to molecular analyses. The phylogenetic relationship of CCiV with other strains obtained from various areas was further demonstrated. CONCLUSION This study emphasizes the importance of emerging viruses for canids, classification of them and their proportional contribution in gastroenteritis cases. We concluded that astrovirus infection must be considered as the major cause of diarrhea in dogs; However, the prevalences of vesivirus and circovirus were relatively low in cases makes them less important in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - H. Işıdan
- Virology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
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39
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Kaszab E, Doszpoly A, Lanave G, Verma A, Bányai K, Malik YS, Marton S. Metagenomics revealing new virus species in farm and pet animals and aquaculture. GENOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN VETERINARY, POULTRY, AND FISHERIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149329 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816352-8.00002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Viral metagenomics is slowly taking over the traditional and widely used molecular techniques for the investigation of pathogenic viruses responsible for illness and inflicting great economic burden on the farm animal industry. Owing to the continued improvements in sequencing technologies and the dramatic reduction of per base costs of sequencing the use of next generation sequencing have been key factors in this progress. Discoveries linked to viral metagenomics are expected to be beneficial to the field of veterinary medicine starting from the development of better diagnostic assays to the design of new subunit vaccines with minimal investments. With these achievements the research has taken a giant leap even toward the better healthcare of animals and, as a result, the animal sector could be growing at an unprecedented pace.
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40
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Niu L, Wang Z, Zhao L, Wang Y, Cui X, Shi Y, Chen H, Ge J. Detection and molecular characterization of canine circovirus circulating in northeastern China during 2014-2016. Arch Virol 2019; 165:137-143. [PMID: 31745718 PMCID: PMC7087310 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Canine circovirus (canine CV) is an etiological agent associated with diarrhea, hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and vasculitis. Although canine CV has been identified and characterized in southern China in recent years, its epidemiology in other regions of China and its precise molecular characteristics have not been examined. In this study, we examined 141 fecal specimens collected from domestic dogs with or without diarrhea in Heilongjiang province, Northeastern China, during 2014 to 2016. A total of 18 out of 141 samples were found to be positive for canine CV by real-time quantitative PCR. In the diarrhea samples, canine CV was detected in coinfections with canine parvovirus 2. More importantly, two different canine CV strains were detected in one sample. Five canine CV genomes were successfully amplified. Sequence analysis showed that there were two unique amino acid changes in the Rep protein (N39S in the K1 strain, and T71A in the XF16 strain). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that canine CV could be divided into four genotypes, and specific nucleotide mutations could be used for confirming the four genotypes. Moreover, recombination analysis revealed that a total of eight recombination events were found in five genomic sequences. Molecular evolution analysis showed that the canine CV has been under purifying selection. This study provides evidence that at least three genotypes of canine CV are co-circulating in China. Continuous epidemiological surveillance is therefore necessary to understand their importance for the evolution of canine CV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Rd, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.,Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Rd, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyang Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjia Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animal and Comparative Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 678 Haping Rd, Harbin, 150069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junwei Ge
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China. .,Northeastern Science Inspection Station, China Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogen Biology, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Di Martino B, Di Profio F, Melegari I, Marsilio F. Feline Virome-A Review of Novel Enteric Viruses Detected in Cats. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100908. [PMID: 31575055 PMCID: PMC6832874 DOI: 10.3390/v11100908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the diagnostic and metagenomic investigations of the feline enteric environment have allowed the identification of several novel viruses that have been associated with gastroenteritis in cats. In the last few years, noroviruses, kobuviruses, and novel parvoviruses have been repetitively detected in diarrheic cats as alone or in mixed infections with other pathogens, raising a number of questions, with particular regards to their pathogenic attitude and clinical impact. In the present article, the current available literature on novel potential feline enteric viruses is reviewed, providing a meaningful update on the etiology, epidemiologic, pathogenetic, clinical, and diagnostic aspects of the infections caused by these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Di Martino
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Irene Melegari
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
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42
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Kotsias F, Bucafusco D, Nuñez DA, Lago Borisovsky LA, Rodriguez M, Bratanich AC. Genomic characterization of canine circovirus associated with fatal disease in dogs in South America. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218735. [PMID: 31237902 PMCID: PMC6592543 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine circovirus (CanineCV) was detected, together with canine parvovirus (CPV), in samples from an outbreak of fatal gastroenteritis in dogs in Argentina. We obtained the full-length genome of this recently discovered virus by overlapping PCR, designated strain UBA-Baires. Sequence analysis revealed a highly conserved genome but also showed several unique mutations in amino acids from the capsid protein that have not been previously reported. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this strain is more closely related to European strains than to viruses detected in North America or Asia. Although the pathogenic role of CanineCV in dogs is still unclear, this study highlights the importance of CanineCV as a coinfecting virus in disease development. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the involvement of CanineCV in severe clinical disease in dogs in South America. Our results expand our information on the geographical extent of this virus and contribute to the understanding of its role in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Kotsias
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Danilo Bucafusco
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Denise Anabel Nuñez
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Ana Cristina Bratanich
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) – Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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43
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Melegari I, Di Profio F, Palombieri A, Sarchese V, Diakoudi G, Robetto S, Orusa R, Marsilio F, Bányai K, Martella V, Di Martino B. Molecular detection of canine bufaviruses in wild canids. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2315-2320. [PMID: 31168750 PMCID: PMC7086671 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel protoparvoviruses genetically related to human and non-human primate bufaviruses (BuVs) have been detected recently in respiratory and enteric specimens collected from dogs and cats. In this study, by molecular screening of archival collections of faecal samples from wolves and foxes, we detected BuVs with a rate of 17.1% (7/41) and 10.5% (9/86), respectively. Sequence analysis of a portion of the ORF2 gene region of nine positive samples showed that the viruses in these samples were closely related to BuVs (97.5–99.0% nucleotide sequence identity) found in domestic carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Melegari
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Federica Di Profio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Palombieri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sarchese
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Georgia Diakoudi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Serena Robetto
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Orusa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, della Liguria e della Valle d'Aosta, Torino, Italy
| | - Fulvio Marsilio
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy
| | - Kristián Bányai
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vito Martella
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università Aldo Moro di Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Barbara Di Martino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Teramo, Piazza Aldo Moro, 45, 64100, Teramo, Italy.
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44
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Hao X, Liu R, He Y, Xiao X, Xiao W, Zheng Q, Lin X, Tao P, Zhou P, Li S. Multiplex PCR methods for detection of several viruses associated with canine respiratory and enteric diseases. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213295. [PMID: 30830947 PMCID: PMC6398926 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral respiratory and intestinal infections are the most common causes of canine viral illness. Infection with multiple pathogens occurs in many cases. Rapid diagnosis of these multiple infections is important for providing timely and effective treatment. To improve diagnosis, in this study, two new multiplex polymerase chain reactions (mPCRs) were developed for simultaneous detection of canine respiratory viruses (CRV) and canine enteric viruses (CEV) using two separate primer mixes. The viruses included canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV-2), canine distemper virus (CDV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV), canine circovirus (CanineCV), canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). The sensitivity of the mPCR results showed that the detection limit of both mPCR methods was 1×104 viral copies. Twenty nasal swabs (NS) and 20 anal swabs (AS) collected from dogs with symptoms of respiratory disease or enteric disease were evaluated using the novel mPCR methods as a clinical test. The mPCR protocols, when applied to these respiratory specimens and intestinal samples, could detect 7 viruses simultaneously, allowing rapid investigation of CRV (CAV-2, CDV, CIV and CPIV) and CEV (CAV-2, CanineCV, CCoV and CPV) status and prompt evaluation of coinfection. Our study provides an effective and accurate tool for rapid differential diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqi Hao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuwei He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqi Xiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxu Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Tao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PZ); (SL)
| | - Shoujun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Severe Clinical Animal Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Pet Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (PZ); (SL)
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45
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Sun W, Zhang H, Zheng M, Cao H, Lu H, Zhao G, Xie C, Cao L, Wei X, Bi J, Yi C, Yin G, Jin N. The detection of canine circovirus in Guangxi, China. Virus Res 2019; 259:85-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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46
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Zhao L, Rosario K, Breitbart M, Duffy S. Eukaryotic Circular Rep-Encoding Single-Stranded DNA (CRESS DNA) Viruses: Ubiquitous Viruses With Small Genomes and a Diverse Host Range. Adv Virus Res 2018; 103:71-133. [PMID: 30635078 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aivir.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) was once thought to be a relatively rare genomic architecture for viruses, modern metagenomics sequencing has revealed circular ssDNA viruses in most environments and in association with diverse hosts. In particular, circular ssDNA viruses encoding a homologous replication-associated protein (Rep) have been identified in the majority of eukaryotic supergroups, generating interest in the ecological effects and evolutionary history of circular Rep-encoding ssDNA viruses (CRESS DNA) viruses. This review surveys the explosion of sequence diversity and expansion of eukaryotic CRESS DNA taxonomic groups over the last decade, highlights similarities between the well-studied geminiviruses and circoviruses with newly identified groups known only through their genome sequences, discusses the ecology and evolution of eukaryotic CRESS DNA viruses, and speculates on future research horizons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Zhao
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Karyna Rosario
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Mya Breitbart
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, Saint Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Siobain Duffy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
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47
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Novel canine circovirus strains from Thailand: Evidence for genetic recombination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7524. [PMID: 29760429 PMCID: PMC5951951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine circoviruses (CanineCV's), belonging to the genus Circovirus of the Circoviridae family, were detected by next generation sequencing in samples from Thai dogs with respiratory symptoms. Genetic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of nearly complete CanineCV genomes suggested that natural recombination had occurred among different lineages of CanineCV's. Similarity plot and bootscaning analyses indicated that American and Chinese viruses had served as major and minor parental viruses, respectively. Positions of recombination breakpoints were estimated using maximum-likelihood frameworks with statistical significant testing. The putative recombination event was located in the Replicase gene, intersecting with open reading frame-3. Analysis of nucleotide changes confirmed the origin of the recombination event. This is the first description of naturally occurring recombinant CanineCV's that have resulted in the circulation of newly emerging CanineCV lineages.
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48
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Molecular characterization of a novel bat-associated circovirus with a poly-T tract in the 3' intergenic region. Virus Res 2018; 250:95-103. [PMID: 29689280 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The family Circoviridae comprises a large group of small circular single-stranded DNA viruses with several members causing severe pig and poultry diseases. In recent years the number of new viruses within the family has had an explosive increase showing a high level of genetic diversity and a broad host range. In this report we describe two more circoviruses identified from bats in Yunnan and Heilongjiang provinces in China. Full genome sequencing has revealed that these bat associated circoviruses (bat ACV) should be classified as new species within the genus Circovirus based on the demarcation criteria of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). The most striking result is the novel finding of a 21-28 nt polythymidine (poly-T) tract in the 3' terminal intergenic region of bat ACV isolates from Heilongjiang province. To understand its role in viral replication, a wild type bat ACV and a mutated version with the entire poly-T deleted were rescued through construction of infectious clones. Replication comparison in vitro showed that the poly-T is not essential for viral replication. Identification of additional bat ACV isolates and study of their biological characteristics will be the main task in future to understand the potential roles of bats in transmission of circoviruses to terrestrial mammals and humans.
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49
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Caddy SL. New viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis. Vet J 2018; 232:57-64. [PMID: 29428093 PMCID: PMC7110870 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A number of novel viruses have been associated with canine gastroenteritis in recent years, from viral families as diverse as Caliciviridae and Picornaviridae to Parvoviridae and Circoviridae. The ability of many of these viruses to cause disease is uncertain, but epidemiological studies are continually adding to our knowledge of these potential pathogens. This review presents a summary of the latest research and current understanding of novel viruses associated with canine gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Caddy
- Magdalene College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council (MRC) Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
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50
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Anderson A, Hartmann K, Leutenegger CM, Proksch AL, Mueller RS, Unterer S. Role of canine circovirus in dogs with acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Vet Rec 2017; 180:542. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Anderson
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - K. Hartmann
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - C. M. Leutenegger
- IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.; 2825 KOVR Drive West Sacramento California 95605 USA
| | - A. L. Proksch
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - R. S. Mueller
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
| | - S. Unterer
- Clinic of Small Animal Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich; Veterinaerstrasse 13 Munich 80539 Germany
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