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da Costa Castilho M, de Filippis AMB, Machado LC, de Lima Calvanti TYV, Lima MC, Fonseca V, Giovanetti M, Docena C, Neto AM, Bôtto-Menezes CHA, Kara EO, de La Barrera R, Modjarrad K, Giozza SP, Pereira GF, Alcantara LCJ, Broutet NJN, Calvet GA, Wallau GL, Franca RFO. Evidence of Zika Virus Reinfection by Genome Diversity and Antibody Response Analysis, Brazil. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:310-320. [PMID: 38270216 PMCID: PMC10826783 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We generated 238 Zika virus (ZIKV) genomes from 135 persons in Brazil who had samples collected over 1 year to evaluate virus persistence. Phylogenetic inference clustered the genomes together with previously reported ZIKV strains from northern Brazil, showing that ZIKV has been remained relatively stable over time. Temporal phylogenetic analysis revealed limited within-host diversity among most ZIKV-persistent infected associated samples. However, we detected unusual virus temporal diversity from >5 persons, uncovering the existence of divergent genomes within the same patient. All those patients showed an increase in neutralizing antibody levels, followed by a decline at the convalescent phase of ZIKV infection. Of interest, in 3 of those patients, titers of neutralizing antibodies increased again after 6 months of ZIKV infection, concomitantly with real-time reverse transcription PCR re-positivity, supporting ZIKV reinfection events. Altogether, our findings provide evidence for the existence of ZIKV reinfection events.
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Campos LB, de Almeida NAA, de Santana CG, Barbosa ENP, Horta MAP, Amendola Pires M, Brandão Mello CE, de Paula VS, de Barros JJF. Before Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C Virus: Evaluation of Core Protein R70Q and L/C91M Substitutions in Chronically Infected Brazilian Patients Unresponsive to IFN and/or RBV. Viruses 2023; 15:187. [PMID: 36680226 PMCID: PMC9863677 DOI: 10.3390/v15010187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although chronic hepatitis C has been effectively treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), the use of conventional therapy with peg-interferon (Peg-IFN) or (predominantly) ribavirin (RBV), remains widespread. R70Q/H and L/C91M amino acid substitutions in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein may modulate responses to IFN and/or RBV, and are associated with cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), insulin resistance, and liver steatosis. We evaluated the R70Q/H and L/C91M substitutions, clinical and epidemiological profiles, and risk factors of Brazilian patients chronically infected with HCV subgenotypes 1a and 1b (HCV-GT1a and HCV-GT1b) unresponsive to IFN and/or RBV therapy. Sequencing and pyrosequencing analyses and sociodemographic and clinical predictive variables were used to assess the relationship between R70Q/H and L/C91M substitutions. Leukocyte counts, ALT levels, and ALT/AST ratios were significantly reduced in treated individuals, but more of these patients had advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. L91M was more prevalent (19.7%), occurring only in HCV-GT1b, followed by R70Q/P (11.5%) and R70P (1.4%). R70Q/P exhibited higher mean AST, ALT, and GGT values, whereas L91M showed higher mean GGT values. Pyrosequencing of the L91M position revealed mutant subpopulations in 43.75% of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Bomfim Campos
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | | | - Catarina Góis de Santana
- Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital, Ambulatory of Liver Disease, Rio de Janeiro State Federal University/UniRio, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcia Amendola Pires
- Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital, Ambulatory of Liver Disease, Rio de Janeiro State Federal University/UniRio, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Brandão Mello
- Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital, Ambulatory of Liver Disease, Rio de Janeiro State Federal University/UniRio, Rio de Janeiro 20270-004, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
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Yamauchi K, Sato M, Osawa L, Matsuda S, Komiyama Y, Nakakuki N, Takada H, Katoh R, Muraoka M, Suzuki Y, Tatsumi A, Miura M, Takano S, Amemiya F, Fukasawa M, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi T, Inoue T, Maekawa S, Enomoto N. Analysis of direct-acting antiviral-resistant hepatitis C virus haplotype diversity by single-molecule and long-read sequencing. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:1634-1651. [PMID: 35357088 PMCID: PMC9234623 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The method of analyzing individual resistant hepatitis C virus (HCV) by a combination of haplotyping and resistance-associated substitution (RAS) has not been fully elucidated because conventional sequencing has only yielded short and fragmented viral genomes. We performed haplotype analysis of HCV mutations in 12 asunaprevir/daclatasvir treatment-failure cases using the Oxford Nanopore sequencer. This enabled single-molecule long-read sequencing using rolling circle amplification (RCA) for correction of the sequencing error. RCA of the circularized reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction products successfully produced DNA longer than 30 kilobase pairs (kb) containing multiple tandem repeats of a target 3 kb HCV genome. The long-read sequencing of these RCA products could determine the original sequence of the target single molecule as the consensus nucleotide sequence of the tandem repeats and revealed the presence of multiple viral haplotypes with the combination of various mutations in each host. In addition to already known signature RASs, such as NS3-D168 and NS5A-L31/Y93, there were various RASs specific to a different haplotype after treatment failure. The distribution of viral haplotype changed over time; some haplotypes disappeared without acquiring resistant mutations, and other haplotypes, which were not observed before treatment, appeared after treatment. Conclusion: The combination of various mutations other than the known signature RAS was suggested to influence the kinetics of individual HCV quasispecies in the direct-acting antiviral treatment. HCV haplotype dynamic analysis will provide novel information on the role of HCV diversity within the host, which will be useful for elucidating the pathological mechanism of HCV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozue Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of YamanashiYamanashiJapan
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Deng H, Guo F, Yu W, Li L, Xia Y, Guan Y, Li J. Dynamic changes of HCV genomes under selective pressure from DAAs therapy in relapsed patients. Virus Res 2021; 302:198453. [PMID: 33991622 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently, direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) are widely used as therapeutic methods for hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive patients, however, patients may experience treatment failure, and the dynamic changes of HCV genomes in these patients are unknown. In this study, three real-world DAAs cohorts were enrolled to observe clinical efficacy. In addition, serum samples from treatment failure patients at baseline and relapse were used to analyze changes of the HCV genomes at near full-length genome level, including resistance-associated variants (RAVs), viral quasispecies diversity and selection analysis. Next-generation sequencing was used as the detection method. The overall sustained virological response at 12 w after the end of treatment was achieved in 91.9% (57/62) of HCV patients, and 3 paired samples obtained from relapsed patients. All the 3 patients harbored baseline NS5A RAVs, the frequency of NS5A RAVs increased in 2 patients and a new NS5A RAV emerged in 1 patient at relapse, and almost all the viral strains existed with NS5A RAVs at relapse. The results of the viral quasispecies diversity analysis revealed that viral quasispecies diversity decreased at relapse compared to baseline, and the results of selection analysis indicated that the virus population experienced a bottleneck phenomenon, recent selective sweep and population expansion or was under purification selection after DAAs treatment. This study indicated that the clinical efficacy was excellent in real-world DAAs cohorts, and the viral strains existed at relapse were selective by DAAs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohui Deng
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxia Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linghua Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Guan
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Infectious Disease Center, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wang M, Li J, Zhang X, Han Y, Yu D, Zhang D, Yuan Z, Yang Z, Huang J, Zhang X. An integrated software for virus community sequencing data analysis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:363. [PMID: 32414327 PMCID: PMC7227348 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6744-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A virus community is the spectrum of viral strains populating an infected host, which plays a key role in pathogenesis and therapy response in viral infectious diseases. However automatic and dedicated pipeline for interpreting virus community sequencing data has not been developed yet. RESULTS We developed Quasispecies Analysis Package (QAP), an integrated software platform to address the problems associated with making biological interpretations from massive viral population sequencing data. QAP provides quantitative insight into virus ecology by first introducing the definition "virus OTU" and supports a wide range of viral community analyses and results visualizations. Various forms of QAP were developed in consideration of broader users, including a command line, a graphical user interface and a web server. Utilities of QAP were thoroughly evaluated with high-throughput sequencing data from hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, influenza virus and human immunodeficiency virus, and the results showed highly accurate viral quasispecies characteristics related to biological phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS QAP provides a complete solution for virus community high throughput sequencing data analysis, and it would facilitate the easy analysis of virus quasispecies in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Wang
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Key Lab of Medicine Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Han
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Demin Yu
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Donghua Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhenghong Yuan
- Key Lab of Medicine Molecular Virology of MOE/MOH, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhitao Yang
- Emergency Department, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jinyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201821, China.
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Khan MA, Khan SA, Hamayun M, Ali M, Idrees M. Sequence variability of HCV 3a isolates based on core gene in patients from Lahore, Pakistan. Future Virol 2019. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2019-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the HCV 3a core sequence variation and amino acid substitutions of patients from Lahore, Pakistan. Materials & methods: Blood samples from HCV positive patients (n = 232) were collected for viral genotypes. Moreover, the nucleotide sequencing was performed for core gene of 20 samples. Results: Viral genotyping showed that 69.82% (n = 162) belonged to 3a genotype, 9.05% (1a; n = 21), 2.15% (3b; n = 5) and 18.98% were untypable (n = 44). Phylogenetic analyses suggest majority of our isolates clustered with previously reported reference isolates from Pakistan. The remaining isolates clustered with HCV-core sequences reported from Vietnam, Japan, Thailand, Iran, USA, Bangladesh, Malaysia and Morocco. Conclusion: We report HCV-core substitutions (G60E, R70Q, C91A, A94Q and Q63E/D) that could be associated with treatment response in Pakistani patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Center for Biotechnology & Microbiology (COBAM), University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Afzal Khan
- Center for Biotechnology & Microbiology (COBAM), University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Complex Association of Virus- and Host-Related Factors with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Rate following Hepatitis C Virus Clearance. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01463-18. [PMID: 30381417 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01463-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of virus- and host-related factors on hepatocarcinogenesis in patients who show viral clearance after HCV RNA eradication by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). The subjects of this retrospective study were 1,922 patients with HCV genotype 1 (HCV-1)- or HCV-2-related chronic liver disease who showed a sustained virological response (SVR; defined as negative results for HCV RNA at 12 weeks after the cessation of all-oral DAAs). All patients were confirmed to be hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) free before and during DAAs. HCC was diagnosed in 43 patients during the follow-up, with an incidence rate per 1,000 person years of 9.44. The cumulative HCC rates were 1.2, 2.0, and 3.1% at the end of 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. The annual rate of HCC during the first 3 years was 1.0%. The incidence rate was significantly higher in patients infected with the HCV-1b core amino acid (aa) 70 mutant than in those infected with HCV-2a/2b, and the rate in patients infected with the HCV-1b core aa 70 wild type tended to be higher than that in patients infected with HCV-2a/2b. The rate in patients infected with the HCV-1b NS5A aa 93 mutant was significantly higher than that in patients infected with HCV-2a/2b. However, the rate was not different between patients infected with the IL28B rs8099917 TT genotype and patients infected with the non-TT genotype. Multivariate analysis identified a Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive Mac-2 binding protein (WFA+M2BP) cutoff index (COI) of ≥2.5 and infection with the HCV-1b core aa 70 mutant subgroup to be pretreatment predictors of posttreatment HCC. The same analysis identified an alpha-fetoprotein concentration of ≥5 μg/liter and an WFA+M2BP COI of ≥1.0 to be predictors of HCC at 24 weeks after the end of antiviral therapy. We conclude that both virus- and host-related factors seem to influence the development of HCC after HCV RNA eradication.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is divided into 7 genotypes and 67 subtypes. HCV genotype studies reflect the viral transmission patterns as well as human migration routes. In a clinical setting, HCV genotype is a baseline predictor for the sustained virological response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with peginterferon or some direct acting antivirals (DAAs). The Versant HCV genotype 2.0 assay has been globally used for HCV genotyping over a decade. Areas covered: The assay is based on reverse hybridization principle. It is evolved from its former versions, and the accuracy and successful genotyping/subtyping rate are substantially improved. It shows an accuracy of 99-100% for genotypes 1-6. It can also reliably identify subtypes 1a and 1b. However, the assay does not allow a high resolution for many other subtypes. Reasons for indeterminate or inaccurate genotyping/subtyping results are discussed. Expert commentary: Genotyping helps to find the most efficacious and cost-effective treatment regimen. The rapid development of anti-HCV treatment regimens, however, is greatly simplifying laboratory tests. In the near future, the need for HCV genotyping and frequent serial on-treatment HCV RNA tests will decrease along with the wide use of the more potent and pan-genotypic DAA regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Yang
- a Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute , Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases , Beijing , China
| | - Lai Wei
- a Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Hepatology Institute , Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases , Beijing , China
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9
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Sedeno-Monge V, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Sosa-Jurado F, Santos-Lopez G. Polymorphisms in the hepatitis C virus core and its association with development of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Biosci 2018; 42:509-521. [PMID: 29358564 DOI: 10.1007/s12038-017-9695-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms underlying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some studies have focused on the role of HCV viral proteins in hepatocyte transformation. In this work we have compiled and analysed current articles regarding the impact of polymorphisms in the HCV core gene and protein on the development of HCC. An exhaustive search for fulltext articles until November 2016 in PubMed database was performed using the MeSH keywords: 'hepatitis C', 'polymorphisms', 'core', 'hepatocellular cancer' and 'hepatocarcinogenesis'. Nineteen full-text articles published between 2000 and 2016 were considered. Different articles associate not only the HCC development with polymorphisms at residues 70 and 91 in the core protein, but more with mortality and treatment response. Also, different polymorphisms were found in core and other viral proteins related to HCC development. Eleven articles reported that HCC development is significantly associated with Gln/His70, four associated it with Leu91 and two more associated it with both markers together. Additional studies are necessary, including those in different types of populations worldwide, to validate the possibility of the usability and influence in chronically HCV-infected patients as well as to observe their interaction with other risk factors or prognosis and genetic markers of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Sedeno-Monge
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Popular Autonoma del Estado de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
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10
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Aicher S, Kakkanas A, Cohen L, Blumen B, Oprisan G, Njouom R, Meurs EF, Mavromara P, Martin A. Differential regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by hepatitis C virus recombinants expressing core from various genotypes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11185. [PMID: 30046100 PMCID: PMC6060129 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have suggested association of some hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtypes or isolates with progression toward hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV core protein has been reported to interfere with host Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a cell fate-determining pathway, which plays a major role in HCC. Here, we investigated the impact of HCV core genetic variability in the dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. We used both transient expression of core proteins from clinical isolates of HCV subtypes 1a (Cambodia), 4a (Romania) and 4f (Cameroon) and infection systems based on a set of engineered intergenotypic recombinant viruses encoding core from these various clinical strains. We found that TCF transcription factor-dependent reporter activity was upregulated by core in a strain-specific manner. We documented core sequence-specific transcriptional upregulation of several β-catenin downstream target genes associated with cell proliferation and malignant transformation, fibrogenesis or fat accumulation. The extent of β-catenin nuclear translocation varied in accordance with β-catenin downstream gene upregulation in infected cells. Pairwise comparisons of subgenotypic core recombinants and mutated core variants unveiled the critical role of core residues 64 and 71 in these dysregulations. In conclusion, this work identified natural core polymorphisms involved in HCV strain-specific activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in relevant infection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Aicher
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.,University of Patras, School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Lisette Cohen
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Blumen
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gabriela Oprisan
- Cantacuzino National Medical-Military Institute of Research and Development, Molecular Epidemiology Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania.,Titu Maiorescu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Eliane F Meurs
- CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France.,Institut Pasteur, Unit of Hepacivirus and Innate Immunity, Paris, France
| | - Penelope Mavromara
- Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.,Democritus University of Thrace, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Annette Martin
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, Paris, France. .,CNRS UMR3569, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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11
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Ogata F, Akuta N, Kobayashi M, Fujiyama S, Kawamura Y, Sezaki H, Hosaka T, Kobayashi M, Saitoh S, Suzuki Y, Suzuki F, Arase Y, Ikeda K, Kumada H. Amino acid substitutions in the hepatitis C virus core region predict hepatocarcinogenesis following eradication of HCV RNA by all-oral direct-acting antiviral regimens. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1087-1093. [PMID: 29427443 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Impact of substitution of aa70 in the core region (Core aa70) in HCV genotype 1b (HCV-1b) on hepatocarcinogenesis following eradication of HCV RNA by direct-acting antiviral therapy is not clear. In a retrospective study, 533 patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease, with sustained virological response defined as negative HCV RNA at 12 weeks after cessation of direct-acting antiviral therapy, were examined to evaluate the relationship between Core aa70 substitution and hepatocarcinogenesis. Twelve patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma during the follow-up period. The cumulative hepatocarcinogenesis rates were 1.7% and 2.4% at the end of 1 and 2 years, respectively. Overall, multivariate analysis identified HCV subgroup (HCV-1b with Gln70(His70); P = 0.003) and age (>65 years; P = 0.049), as pretreatment predictors of hepatocarcinogenesis. In HCV-1b patients, multivariate analysis identified post-treatment Wisteria floribunda agglutinin positive Mac-2 binding protein (>1.8 COI; P = 0.042) and HCV subgroup (HCV-1b with Gln70(His70); P = 0.071), as predictors of hepatocarcinogenesis, including post-treatment parameter. In conclusion, Core aa70 substitution in HCV-1b at the start of direct-acting antiviral therapy is an important predictor of hepatocarcinogenesis following eradication of HCV RNA. This study emphasizes the importance of detection of Core aa70 substitution before initiating antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ogata
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norio Akuta
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hitomi Sezaki
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Hosaka
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Saitoh
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Yasuji Arase
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- Department of Hepatology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Meng F, Dong X, Hu T, Chang S, Fan J, Zhao P, Cui Z. A deep sequencing reveals significant diversity among dominant variants and evolutionary dynamics of avian leukosis viruses in two infectious ecosystems. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:287. [PMID: 27993149 PMCID: PMC5168851 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a typical retrovirus, the evolution of Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) in different infectious ecosystems is not characterized, what we know is there are a cloud of diverse variants, namely quasispecies with considerable genetic diversity. This study is to explore the selection of infectious ecosystems on dominant variants and their evolutionary dynamics of ALV-J between DF1 cells and specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens. High-throughput sequencing platforms provide an approach for detecting quasispecies diversity more fully. Results An average of about 20,000 valid reads were obtained from two variable regions of gp85 gene and LTR-U3 region from each sample in different infectious ecosystems. The top 10 dominant variants among ALV-J from chicken plasmas, DF1 cells and liver tumor were completely different from each other. Also there was a difference of shannon entropy and global selection pressure values (ω) in different infectious ecosystems. In the plasmas of two chickens, a large portion of quasispecies contained a 3-peptides “LSD” repeat insertion that was only less than 0.01% in DF1 cell culture supernatants. In parallel studies, the LTR-U3 region of ALV-J from the chicken plasmas demonstrated more variants with mutations in their transcription regulatory elements than those from DF1 cells. Conclusions Our data taken together suggest that the molecular epidemiology based on isolated ALV-J in cell culture may not represent the true evolution of virus in chicken flocks in the field. The biological significance of the “LSD” insert and mutations in LTR-U3 needs to be further studied. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0902-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Taishan Medical College, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jianhua Fan
- Poultry lnstitute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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Leung P, Eltahla AA, Lloyd AR, Bull RA, Luciani F. Understanding the complex evolution of rapidly mutating viruses with deep sequencing: Beyond the analysis of viral diversity. Virus Res 2016; 239:43-54. [PMID: 27888126 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of affordable deep sequencing technologies, detection of low frequency variants within genetically diverse viral populations can now be achieved with unprecedented depth and efficiency. The high-resolution data provided by next generation sequencing technologies is currently recognised as the gold standard in estimation of viral diversity. In the analysis of rapidly mutating viruses, longitudinal deep sequencing datasets from viral genomes during individual infection episodes, as well as at the epidemiological level during outbreaks, now allow for more sophisticated analyses such as statistical estimates of the impact of complex mutation patterns on the evolution of the viral populations both within and between hosts. These analyses are revealing more accurate descriptions of the evolutionary dynamics that underpin the rapid adaptation of these viruses to the host response, and to drug therapies. This review assesses recent developments in methods and provide informative research examples using deep sequencing data generated from rapidly mutating viruses infecting humans, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus and influenza virus, to understand the evolution of viral genomes and to explore the relationship between viral mutations and the host adaptive immune response. Finally, we discuss limitations in current technologies, and future directions that take advantage of publically available large deep sequencing datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston Leung
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Auda A Eltahla
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rowena A Bull
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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14
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Chen X, Gui X, Deng L, Ho WZ, Zhou L, Liu Z, Zheng S. Polymorphisms of the NS3 Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1b Are Associated with Liver Cirrhosis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2016; 32:892-4. [PMID: 27118612 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein and NS3 have been described to be associated with liver cirrhosis (LC) and/or hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1b (HCV 1b). Here, we determine whether there is an association between LC and polymorphisms of viral core protein and NS3 in patients in Hubei province, China. A total of 42 patients with chronic HCV 1b (21 patients with LC and 21 with chronic hepatitis [CH]) were enrolled, amino acid sequence of the core protein and N-terminus of NS3 were obtained by direct sequencing and compared with the prototype strain HCV-J. No significant difference of amino acid polymorphisms was observed between isolates from LC and CH patients in the core protein. However, in the N-terminus of NS3, amino acid polymorphisms at positions A1072T (Ala 1072 chronic Thr 1072 cirrhosis), I1074V (Ile 1074 chronic Val 1074 cirrhosis), and T1098N/I (Thr 1098 chronic Asn or Ile 1098 cirrhosis) correlated significantly with LC. These findings indicate that the polymorphisms of HCV at these sites may be the risk factors for the development of LC in patients with chronic HCV 1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoPing Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - XiEn Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - LiPing Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Zhe Ho
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- ABSL-III Laboratory at the Center for Animal Experiment, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxue, Huanggang, China
| | - ShuPing Zheng
- Health Centre of Dougang Town, Xiaonan District, Xiaogan, China
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15
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Meng F, Dong X, Hu T, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Lv Y, Chang S, Zhao P, Cui Z. Analysis of Quasispecies of Avain Leukosis Virus Subgroup J Using Sanger and High-throughput Sequencing. Virol J 2016; 13:112. [PMID: 27350157 PMCID: PMC4924251 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Avian leukosis viruses subgroup J (ALV-J) exists as a complex mixture of different, but closely related genomes named quasispecies subjected to continuous change according to the Principles of Darwinian evolution. Method The present study seeks to compare conventional Sanger sequencing with deep sequencing using MiSeq platform to study quasispecies dynamics of ALV-J. Results The accuracy and reproducibility of MiSeq sequencing was determined better than Sanger sequencing by running each experiment in duplicate. According to the mutational rate of single position and the ability to distinguish dominant quasispecies with two sequencing methods, conventional Sanger sequencing technique displayed high randomness due to few sequencing samples, while deep sequencing could reflect the composition of the quasispecies more accurately. In the mean time, the research of quasispecies via Sanger sequencing was simulated and analyzed with the aid of re-sampling strategy with replacement for 1000 times repeat from high-throughput sequencing data, which indicated that the higher antibody titer, the higher sequence entropy, the harder analyzing with the conventional Sanger sequencing, resulted in lower ratios of dominant variants. Conclusions In sum, deep sequencing is better suited for detecting rare variants comprehensively. The simulation of Sanger sequencing that we propose here will also help to standardize quasispecies researching under different selection pressure based on next-generation sequencing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanfeng Meng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Taishan Medical College, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Yingnan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yanyan Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Shuang Chang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
| | - Zhizhong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
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16
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Moreira JP, Malta FDM, Diniz MA, Kikuchi L, Chagas AL, Lima LDSB, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, de Castro VFD, Santana RAF, Sumita NM, Paranagua Vezozzo DC, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JRR. Interferon lambda and hepatitis C virus core protein polymorphisms associated with liver cancer. Virology 2016; 493:136-41. [PMID: 27035616 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is often persistent and gradually advances from chronic hepatitis to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common neoplasm. METHOD OF STUDY the Interferon lambda (IFNL) polymorphisms genotypes (rs8099917, rs12979860 and rs12980275) and the presence of mutations in HCV core protein were analyzed in 59 patients with HCC, and also in 50 cirrhotic patients (without HCC). RESULTS the rs12980275-AG genotype was associated with HCC on age-adjusted analysis (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.03-5.69, P=0.043). Core substitutions R70Q and L91M were mainly found in genotype 1b isolates. Furthermore, a borderline level of statistical significance association was found among the presence of amino acid Glutamine (Q) in the position 70 and IFNL3 genotype AG (P=0.054). CONCLUSIONS the screening of these polymorphisms and functional studies would be useful in clinical practice for identifying groups at high risk of HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Moreira
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Mello Malta
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Augusto Diniz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Samuel Oschin Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Luciana Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Lopes Chagas
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia de Souza Botelho Lima
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nairo Massakazu Sumita
- Central Laboratory Division of Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Flair José Carrilho
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Impact of HCV core gene quasispecies on hepatocellular carcinoma risk among HALT-C trial patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27025. [PMID: 27246310 PMCID: PMC4887904 DOI: 10.1038/srep27025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations at positions 70 and/or 91 in the core protein of genotype-1b, hepatitis C virus (HCV) are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in Asian patients. To evaluate this in a US population, the relationship between the percentage of 70 and/or 91 mutant HCV quasispecies in baseline serum samples of chronic HCV patients from the HALT-C trial and the incidence of HCC was determined by deep sequencing. Quasispecies percentage cut-points, ≥42% of non-arginine at 70 (non-R70) or ≥98.5% of non-leucine at 91 (non-L91) had optimal sensitivity at discerning higher or lower HCC risk. In baseline samples, 88.5% of chronic HCV patients who later developed HCC and 68.8% of matched HCC-free control patients had ≥42% non-R70 quasispecies (P = 0.06). Furthermore, 30.8% of patients who developed HCC and 54.7% of matched HCC-free patients had quasispecies with ≥98.5% non-L91 (P = 0.06). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, HCC incidence was higher, but not statistically significant, among patients with quasispecies ≥42% non-R70 (P = 0.08), while HCC incidence was significantly reduced among patients with quasispecies ≥98.5% non-L91 (P = 0.01). In a Cox regression model, non-R70 ≥42% was associated with increased HCC risk. This study of US patients indicates the potential utility of HCV quasispecies analysis as a non-invasive biomarker of HCC risk.
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18
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Pérez PS, Di Lello FA, Mullen EG, Galdame OA, Livellara BI, Gadano AC, Campos RH, Flichman DM. Compartmentalization of hepatitis C virus variants in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:371-380. [PMID: 27163636 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a major risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. HCV Core protein has been associated with the modulation of potentially oncogenic cellular processes and E2 protein has been useful in evolutive studies to analyze the diversity of HCV. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate HCV compartmentalization in tumoral, non-tumoral liver tissue and serum and to identify viral mutations potentially involved in carcinogenesis. Samples were obtained from four patients with HCC who underwent liver transplantation. Core and E2 were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Phylogenies and BaTS Test were performed to analyze viral compartmentalization and a signature sequence analysis was conducted by VESPA. The likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies showed a wide degree of compartmentalization in the different patients, ranging from total clustering to a more scattered pattern with small groups. Nevertheless, the association test showed compartmentalization for the three compartments and both viral regions tested in all the patients. Signature amino acid pattern supported the compartmentalization in three of the cases for E2 protein and in two of them for Core. Changes observed in Core included polymorphism R70Q/H previously associated with HCC. In conclusion, evidence of HCV compartmentalization in the liver of HCC patients was provided and further biological characterization of these variants may contribute to the understanding of carcinogenesis mediated by HCV infection. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Pérez
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico A Di Lello
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Omar A Galdame
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Rodolfo H Campos
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego M Flichman
- Cátedra de Virología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Gaspareto KV, Ribeiro RM, de Mello Malta F, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Muto NH, Mendes-Correa MC, Rozanski A, Carrilho FJ, Sabino EC, Pinho JRR. HCV inter-subtype 1a/1b recombinant detected by complete-genome next-generation sequencing. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2161-8. [PMID: 27194536 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a practical approach to HCV complete-genome sequencing, detecting low-frequency variants and allowing analysis of viral genetic diversity (quasispecies) in the sample, and so far, it is very useful for identifying preexisting drug-resistant mutants and emerging escape mutations, as well as detecting viral recombinants containing genomic regions from different genotypes and subtypes. The aim of this study was to analyze the complete coding region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 (subtypes 1a and 1b) from patients with chronic infection who were direct-acting antiviral (DAA) naïve. Next-generation sequencing (Ion Torrent™ PGM) was used to determine the sequence of the complete coding region of 100 HCV-monoinfected DAA-naïve patients (51 and 49 subtypes 1a and 1b, respectively). We report the first description of nearly complete HCV genome sequences of subtype 1a and 1b isolates from a large population of Brazilian patients with chronic hepatitis C, and HCV-1a grouped in two different clades. Using this methodology, an inter-subtype 1a/1b recombinant was identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Vieira Gaspareto
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 2nd floor IMT-II, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biotechnology Interunits (USP/Butantan/IPT), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Marques Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Parasitology, LIM-46, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Mello Malta
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 2nd floor IMT-II, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil. .,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.
| | - Michele Soares Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 2nd floor IMT-II, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Cassia Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Virology, LIM-52, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrei Rozanski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flair José Carrilho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 2nd floor IMT-II, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ester Cerdeira Sabino
- Laboratory of Parasitology, LIM-46, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - João Renato Rebello Pinho
- Laboratory of Tropical Gastroenterology and Hepatology "João Alves de Queiroz and Castorina Bittencourt Alves", LIM-07, Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho Aguiar, 500, 2nd floor IMT-II, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05403-000, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biotechnology Interunits (USP/Butantan/IPT), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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20
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Kadjbaf D, Keshvari M, Alavian SM, Pouryasin A, Behnava B, Salimi S, Mehrnoush L, Karimi Elizee P, Sharafi H. The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Core Amino Acid 70 Substitution and Genotypes of Polymorphisms Near the IFNL3 Gene in Iranian Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e37011. [PMID: 27630727 PMCID: PMC5010881 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.37011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular studies have demonstrated that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype and host genetics play predictive roles in the management of patients infected with HCV. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the HCV genotype, core amino acid (aa) 70 substitution, and polymorphisms near the IFNL3 gene (including rs12979860 and rs8099917) among Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, the molecular profiles of the HCV genotype, core aa 70 substitution, and rs12979860 and rs8099917 polymorphisms and plasma HCV RNA levels were determined in 429 CHC patients including 141 hemophilic, 84 thalassemic, and 204 non-hemophilic, non-thalassemic patients. RESULTS The hepatitis C virus subtype 1a was the most common subtype in the study population. Core aa substitution Arg70Gln was strongly associated with cirrhosis (OR = 2.49; 95% CI = 1.13 - 5.50; P = 0.020). Core aa 70 substitutions were more frequently observed in patients with the HCV subtype 1b than in patients with any other HCV subtypes (P < 0.001). Core aa 70 substitutions were also more common in patients with the rs12979860 TT genotype than in patients with non-TT genotypes (17.3% vs. 8.5%, P = 0.022) and also in rs8099917 non-TT genotypes than in the TT genotype (14.0% vs. 7.0%, P = 0.026). The HCV genotypes and rs8099917 polymorphisms were correlated in which HCV subtype 1b was in favor of rs8099917 GG and HCV subtype 3a favored rs8099917 TT (P = 0.021). Furthermore, the rs12979860 TT and rs8099917 GG genotypes showed significantly lower HCV RNA levels than the other genotypes (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There is an as yet unexplained association between HCV and host parameters with unknown mechanisms in patients with chronic HCV infection. The assessments of core aa 70 substitution and polymorphisms near the IFNL3 gene could offer promising steps to improve the management of patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danesh Kadjbaf
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Pouryasin
- Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Biology, Arsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arsanjan, IR Iran
| | - Bita Behnava
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shima Salimi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Leila Mehrnoush
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Heidar Sharafi
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
- Armin Pathobiology Laboratory, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Heidar Sharafi, Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, P. O. Box: 14155-3651, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188945186, Fax: +98-2188945188, E-mail:
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A cell culture system for distinguishing hepatitis C viruses with and without liver cancer-related mutations in the viral core gene. J Hepatol 2015; 63. [PMID: 26220749 PMCID: PMC4654634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Although patients infected by genotype 1b hepatitis C virus (HCV) with Q(70) and/or M(91)core gene mutations have an almost five-fold increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and increased insulin resistance, the absence of a suitable experimental system has precluded direct experimentation on the effects of these mutations on cellular gene expression. METHODS HuH7 cells were treated long-term with human serum to induce differentiation and to produce a model system for testing high-risk and control HCV. For clinical validation, profiles of infected cells were compared to each other and to those of liver biopsies of patients with early-stage HCV-related cirrhosis followed prospectively for up to 23 years (n=216). RESULTS Long-term culture in human serum produced growth-arrested, hepatocyte-like cells whose gene profile overlapped significantly with that of primary human hepatocytes. High-risk (Q(70)/M(91)) and control (R(70)/L(91)) viruses had dramatically different effects on gene expression of these cells. The high-risk virus enhanced expression of pathways associated with cancer and type II diabetes, while the control virus enhanced pathways associated with oxidative phosphorylation. Of special clinical relevance, the transcriptome of cells replicating the high-risk virus correlated significantly with an HCC high-risk profile in patients (Bonferroni-corrected p=0.03), whereas no such association was observed for non-HCC-related clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The cell-based system allowed direct head-to-head comparison of HCV variants, and provided experimental support for previous clinical data indicating an oncogenic effect of core gene mutations. This simple experimental system distinguished HCV variants and will enable future mechanistic analysis and exploration of interventional approaches.
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22
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Tasaka-Fujita M, Sugiyama N, Kang W, Masaki T, Masaski T, Murayama A, Yamada N, Sugiyama R, Tsukuda S, Watashi K, Asahina Y, Sakamoto N, Wakita T, Shin EC, Kato T. Amino Acid Polymorphisms in Hepatitis C Virus Core Affect Infectious Virus Production and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecule Expression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13994. [PMID: 26365522 PMCID: PMC4568458 DOI: 10.1038/srep13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (aa) polymorphisms in the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b core protein have been reported to be a potent predictor for poor response to interferon (IFN)-based therapy and a risk factor for hepatocarcinogenesis. We investigated the effects of these polymorphisms with genotype 1b/2a chimeric viruses that contained polymorphisms of Arg/Gln at aa 70 and Leu/Met at aa 91. We found that infectious virus production was reduced in cells transfected with chimeric virus RNA that had Gln at aa 70 (aa70Q) compared with RNA with Arg at aa 70 (aa70R). Using flow cytometry analysis, we confirmed that HCV core protein accumulated in aa70Q clone transfected cells, and it caused a reduction in cell-surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules induced by IFN treatment through enhanced protein kinase R phosphorylation. We could not detect any effects due to the polymorphism at aa 91. In conclusion, the polymorphism at aa 70 was associated with efficiency of infectious virus production, and this deteriorated virus production in strains with aa70Q resulted in the intracellular accumulation of HCV proteins and attenuation of MHC class I molecule expression. These observations may explain the strain-associated resistance to IFN-based therapy and hepatocarcinogenesis of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Tasaka-Fujita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.,Center for Interprofessional Education, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Nao Sugiyama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Wonseok Kang
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Asako Murayama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Norie Yamada
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sugiyama
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Asahina
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.,Department of Liver Disease Control, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
| | - Takanobu Kato
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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23
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Impact of Mutations at Amino Acid 70 in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Genotype 1b Core Region on Hepatocarcinogenesis following Eradication of HCV RNA. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3039-41. [PMID: 26135874 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01457-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the HCV genotype 1b core amino acid (aa) 70 mutant on the cumulative rate of hepatocellular carcinoma following eradication of HCV RNA by antiviral therapy was investigated with the Q-Invader assay. Multivariate analysis based on 649 patients indicated that a core aa70 Q-Invader mutant level ≥20% is a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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24
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Deep sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of variants resistant to interferon-based protease inhibitor therapy in chronic hepatitis induced by genotype 1b hepatitis C virus. J Virol 2015; 89:6105-16. [PMID: 25810555 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03127-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Because of recent advances in deep sequencing technology, detailed analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) quasispecies and their dynamic changes in response to direct antiviral agents (DAAs) became possible, although the role of quasispecies is not fully understood. In this study, to clarify the evolution of viral quasispecies and the origin of drug-resistant mutations induced by interferon (IFN)-based protease inhibitor therapy, the nonstructural-3 (NS3) region of genotype 1b HCV in 34 chronic hepatitis patients treated with telaprevir (TVR)/pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) was subjected to a deep sequencing study coupled with phylogenetic analysis. Twenty-six patients (76.5%) achieved a sustained viral response (SVR), while 8 patients did not (non-SVR; 23.5%). When the complexity of the quasispecies was expressed as the mutation frequency or Shannon entropy value, a significant decrease in the IFNL3 (rs8099917) TT group and a marginal decrease in the SVR group were found soon (12 h) after the introduction of treatment, whereas there was no decrease in the non-SVR group and no significant decrease in mutation frequency in the IFNL3 TG/GG group. In the analysis of viral quasispecies composition in non-SVR patients, major populations greatly changed, accompanied by the appearance of resistance, and the compositions were unlikely to return to the pretreatment composition even after the end of therapy. Clinically TVR-resistant variants were observed in 5 non-SVR patients (5/8, 62.5%), all of which were suspected to have acquired resistance by mutations through phylogenetic analysis. In conclusion, results of the study have important implications for treatment response and outcome in interferon-based protease inhibitor therapy. IMPORTANCE In the host, hepatitis C virus (HCV) consists of a variety of populations (quasispecies), and it is supposed that dynamic changes in quasispecies are closely related to pathogenesis, although this is poorly understood. In this study, recently developed deep sequencing technology was introduced, and changes in quasispecies associated with telaprevir (TVR)/pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin (RBV) triple therapy and their clinical significance were investigated extensively by phylogenetic tree analysis. Through this study, the associations among treatment response, changes in viral quasispecies complexity in the early stage of treatment, changes in the quasispecies composition, and origin of TVR-resistant variant HCV were elucidated.
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25
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Rossi LMG, Escobar-Gutierrez A, Rahal P. Advanced molecular surveillance of hepatitis C virus. Viruses 2015; 7:1153-88. [PMID: 25781918 PMCID: PMC4379565 DOI: 10.3390/v7031153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important public health problem worldwide. HCV exploits complex molecular mechanisms, which result in a high degree of intrahost genetic heterogeneity. This high degree of variability represents a challenge for the accurate establishment of genetic relatedness between cases and complicates the identification of sources of infection. Tracking HCV infections is crucial for the elucidation of routes of transmission in a variety of settings. Therefore, implementation of HCV advanced molecular surveillance (AMS) is essential for disease control. Accounting for virulence is also important for HCV AMS and both viral and host factors contribute to the disease outcome. Therefore, HCV AMS requires the incorporation of host factors as an integral component of the algorithms used to monitor disease occurrence. Importantly, implementation of comprehensive global databases and data mining are also needed for the proper study of the mechanisms responsible for HCV transmission. Here, we review molecular aspects associated with HCV transmission, as well as the most recent technological advances used for virus and host characterization. Additionally, the cornerstone discoveries that have defined the pathway for viral characterization are presented and the importance of implementing advanced HCV molecular surveillance is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Maria Gonçalves Rossi
- Department of Biology, Institute of Bioscience, Language and Exact Science, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
| | | | - Paula Rahal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Bioscience, Language and Exact Science, Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil.
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26
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Abstract
To test the hypothesis that RNA interference (RNAi) imposes diversifying selection on RNA virus genomes, we quantified West Nile virus (WNV) quasispecies diversity after passage in Drosophila cells in which RNAi was left intact, depleted, or stimulated against WNV. As predicted, WNV diversity was significantly lower in RNAi-depleted cells and significantly greater in RNAi-stimulated cells relative to that in controls. These findings reveal that an innate immune defense can shape viral population structure.
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27
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Archer J, Whiteley G, Casewell NR, Harrison RA, Wagstaff SC. VTBuilder: a tool for the assembly of multi isoform transcriptomes. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15:389. [PMID: 25465054 PMCID: PMC4260244 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-014-0389-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Within many research areas, such as transcriptomics, the millions of short DNA fragments (reads) produced by current sequencing platforms need to be assembled into transcript sequences before they can be utilized. Despite recent advances in assembly software, creating such transcripts from read data harboring isoform variation remains challenging. This is because current approaches fail to identify all variants present or they create chimeric transcripts within which relationships between co-evolving sites and other evolutionary factors are disrupted. We present VTBuilder, a tool for constructing non-chimeric transcripts from read data that has been sequenced from sources containing isoform complexity. Results We validated VTBuilder using reads simulated from 54 Sanger sequenced transcripts (SSTs) expressed in the venom gland of the saw scaled viper, Echis ocellatus. The SSTs were selected to represent genes from major co-expressed toxin groups known to harbor isoform variants. From the simulated reads, VTBuilder constructed 55 transcripts, 50 of which had a greater than 99% sequence similarity to 48 of the SSTs. In contrast, using the popular assembler tool Trinity (r2013-02-25), only 14 transcripts were constructed with a similar level of sequence identity to just 11 SSTs. Furthermore VTBuilder produced transcripts with a similar length distribution to the SSTs while those produced by Trinity were considerably shorter. To demonstrate that our approach can be scaled to real world data we assembled the venom gland transcriptome of the African puff adder Bitis arietans using paired-end reads sequenced on Illumina’s MiSeq platform. VTBuilder constructed 1481 transcripts from 5 million reads and, following annotation, all major toxin genes were recovered demonstrating reconstruction of complex underlying sequence and isoform diversity. Conclusion Unlike other approaches, VTBuilder strives to maintain the relationships between co-evolving sites within the constructed transcripts, and thus increases transcript utility for a wide range of research areas ranging from transcriptomics to phylogenetics and including the monitoring of drug resistant parasite populations. Additionally, improving the quality of transcripts assembled from read data will have an impact on future studies that query these data. VTBuilder has been implemented in java and is available, under the GPL GPU V0.3 license, from http:// http://www.lstmed.ac.uk/vtbuilder. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-014-0389-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Archer
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA2, UK.
| | - Gareth Whiteley
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA2, UK.
| | - Nicholas R Casewell
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA2, UK.
| | - Robert A Harrison
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA2, UK.
| | - Simon C Wagstaff
- Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA2, UK.
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28
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Miura M, Maekawa S, Sato M, Komatsu N, Tatsumi A, Takano S, Amemiya F, Nakayama Y, Inoue T, Sakamoto M, Enomoto N. Deep sequencing analysis of variants resistant to the non-structural 5A inhibitor daclatasvir in patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatol Res 2014; 44:E360-7. [PMID: 24612030 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Daclatasvir, a non-structural (NS)5A replication complex inhibitor, is a potent and promising direct antiviral agent (DAA) for hepatitis C virus (HCV), being most effective in genotype 1b infection. Although it is known that genotype 1b viruses with Y93H and/or L31M/V/F mutations have strong resistance to daclatasvir, it is not known whether there are some clinical background conditions that favor the occurrence of HCV carrying those NS5A mutations. METHODS In this study, we carried out deep sequencing analysis of stored sera to determine the presence and significance of daclatasvir-resistant mutants in 110 genotype 1b HCV-infected patients with no previous daclatasvir treatment. RESULTS Deep sequencing analysis revealed that the NS5A L31M/V/F and Y93H mutations were present in 13 (11.8%) and 34 (30.9%) of the 110 patients, respectively, and significantly more frequently than in the control plasmid. Simultaneous L31M/V/F and Y93H mutations were detected in four of the 110 patients (3.6%). When the clinical relevance of NS5A resistance was investigated, Y93H was significantly correlated with the IL28B major (TT) genotype of the host (P = 0.042). CONCLUSION Y93H was detected frequently by deep sequencing in daclatasvir treatment-naïve patients. Importantly, it seems that the IL28B status of the patients may influence the presence of Y93H mutations, resulting in different treatment responses to daclatasvir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika Miura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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29
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Preciado MV, Valva P, Escobar-Gutierrez A, Rahal P, Ruiz-Tovar K, Yamasaki L, Vazquez-Chacon C, Martinez-Guarneros A, Carpio-Pedroza JC, Fonseca-Coronado S, Cruz-Rivera M. Hepatitis C virus molecular evolution: Transmission, disease progression and antiviral therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15992-16013. [PMID: 25473152 PMCID: PMC4239486 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.15992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents an important public health problem worldwide. Reduction of HCV morbidity and mortality is a current challenge owned to several viral and host factors. Virus molecular evolution plays an important role in HCV transmission, disease progression and therapy outcome. The high degree of genetic heterogeneity characteristic of HCV is a key element for the rapid adaptation of the intrahost viral population to different selection pressures (e.g., host immune responses and antiviral therapy). HCV molecular evolution is shaped by different mechanisms including a high mutation rate, genetic bottlenecks, genetic drift, recombination, temporal variations and compartmentalization. These evolutionary processes constantly rearrange the composition of the HCV intrahost population in a staging manner. Remarkable advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism controlling HCV replication have facilitated the development of a plethora of direct-acting antiviral agents against HCV. As a result, superior sustained viral responses have been attained. The rapidly evolving field of anti-HCV therapy is expected to broad its landscape even further with newer, more potent antivirals, bringing us one step closer to the interferon-free era.
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30
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Mukaide M, Sugiyama M, Korenaga M, Murata K, Kanto T, Masaki N, Mizokami M. High-throughput and sensitive next-generation droplet digital PCR assay for the quantitation of the hepatitis C virus mutation at core amino acid 70. J Virol Methods 2014; 207:169-77. [PMID: 25019167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The next-generation droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay employs an emulsion-based endpoint to quantitate the amount of target DNA and is more robust than real-time PCR when analyzing sequence variations. However, no studies have applied this technique to quantitate mutations in polymorphic viral genomes. To develop this approach, a ddPCR-based assay was designed to quantitate with high-throughput and sensitivity mutations and their frequencies in codon 70 of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) gene that encodes the Core protein. The assay was linear from 2.5 to 10(5) copies per assay, and the limit of detection of mutants in the presence of a 20,000-fold excess of wild type was 0.005%. The results correlated well with those obtained using the COBAS(®) TaqMan(®) HCV Test, which is a real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of HCV RNA in human serum (n=87; range, 2.3-7.7log10IU/mL; Pearson's R(2)=0.9120; p<0.0001). The median frequencies of mutations by ddPCR were 0.262% (n=55; range, 0-37.951%) and 99.687% (n=32; range, 52.191-100%) for the wild-type and mutant sequences, respectively, by direct sequencing. The ddPCR assay should be useful for quantitating mutations in other polymorphic viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motokazu Mukaide
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohonodi, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516 Japan; Research and development department, SRL, Inc., 5-6-50 Shin, Hino, Tokyo 191-0002, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohonodi, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516 Japan
| | - Masaaki Korenaga
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohonodi, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516 Japan.
| | - Kazumoto Murata
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohonodi, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kanto
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohonodi, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516 Japan
| | - Naohiko Masaki
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohonodi, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516 Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-7-1 Kohonodi, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8516 Japan
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