1
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Abdel-Haq H. Feasibility of Using a Type I IFN-Based Non-Animal Approach to Predict Vaccine Efficacy and Safety Profiles. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:583. [PMID: 38932312 PMCID: PMC11209158 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal-based tests are used for the control of vaccine quality. However, because highly purified and safe vaccines are now available, alternative approaches that can replace or reduce animal use for the assessment of vaccine outcomes must be established. In vitro tests for vaccine quality control exist and have already been implemented. However, these tests are specifically designed for some next-generation vaccines, and this makes them not readily available for testing other vaccines. Therefore, universal non-animal tests are still needed. Specific signatures of the innate immune response could represent a promising approach to predict the outcome of vaccines by non-animal methods. Type I interferons (IFNs) have multiple immunomodulatory activities, which are exerted through effectors called interferon stimulated genes (ISGs), and are one of the most important immune signatures that might provide potential candidate molecular biomarkers for this purpose. This paper will mainly examine if this idea might be feasible by analyzing all relevant published studies that have provided type I IFN-related biomarkers for evaluating the safety and efficacy profiles of vaccines using an advanced transcriptomic approach as an alternative to the animal methods. Results revealed that such an approach could potentially provide biomarkers predictive of vaccine outcomes after addressing some limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanin Abdel-Haq
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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2
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Wang J, Luo Y, Katiyar H, Liang C, Liu Q. The Antiviral Activity of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Proteins and Virus Evasion Strategies. Viruses 2024; 16:734. [PMID: 38793616 PMCID: PMC11125860 DOI: 10.3390/v16050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are antiviral cytokines that defend against viral infections by inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) 1, 2, and 3 are crucial ISG products and members of the CD225 protein family. Compelling evidence shows that IFITMs restrict the infection of many unrelated viruses by inhibiting the virus-cell membrane fusion at the virus entry step via the modulation of lipid composition and membrane properties. Meanwhile, viruses can evade IFITMs' restrictions by either directly interacting with IFITMs via viral glycoproteins or by altering the native entry pathway. At the same time, cumulative evidence suggests context-dependent and multifaceted roles of IFITMs in modulating virus infections and cell signaling. Here, we review the diverse antiviral mechanisms of IFITMs, the viral antagonizing strategies, and the regulation of IFITM activity in host cells. The mechanisms behind the antiviral activity of IFITMs could aid the development of broad-spectrum antivirals and enhance preparedness for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuhang Luo
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Harshita Katiyar
- McGill Center for Viral Diseases, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (H.K.); (C.L.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Chen Liang
- McGill Center for Viral Diseases, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (H.K.); (C.L.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Qian Liu
- Institute of Parasitology, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada; (J.W.); (Y.L.)
- McGill Center for Viral Diseases, Lady Davis Institute, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (H.K.); (C.L.)
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3
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Yau E, Yang L, Chen Y, Umstead TM, Stanley AE, Halstead ES, Gandhi CK, Yewdell JW, Chroneos ZC. SP-R210 isoforms of Myosin18A modulate endosomal sorting and recognition of influenza A virus infection in macrophages. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105280. [PMID: 38135024 PMCID: PMC10948314 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes acute and often lethal inflammation in the lung. The role of macrophages in this adverse inflammation is partially understood. The surfactant protein A receptor 210 (SP-R210) consists of two isoforms, a long (L) SP-R210L and a short (S) SP-R210S isoform encoded by alternative splicing of the myosin 18A gene. We reported that disruption of SP-R210L enhances cytosolic and endosomal antiviral response pathways. Here, we report that SP-R210L antagonizes type I interferon β (IFNβ), as depletion of SP-R210L potentiates IFNβ secretion. SP-R210 antibodies enhance and attenuate IFNβ secretion in SP-R210L replete and deficient macrophages, respectively, indicating that SP-R210 isoform stoichiometry alters macrophage function intrinsically. This reciprocal response is coupled to unopposed and restricted expression of viral genes in control and SP-R210L-deficient macrophages, respectively. Human monocytic cells with sub-stoichiometric expression of SP-R210L resist IAV infection, whereas alveolar macrophages with increased abundance of SP-R210L permit viral gene expression similar to murine macrophages. Uptake and membrane binding studies show that lack of SP-R210 isoforms does not impair IAV binding and internalization. Lack of SP-R210L, however, results in macropinocytic retention of the virus that depends on both SP-R210S and interferon-inducible transmembrane protein-3 (IFITM3). Mass spectrometry and Western blot analyses indicate that SP-R210 isoforms modulate differential recruitment of the Rho-family GTPase RAC1 and guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Our study suggests that SP-R210 isoforms modulate RAC-dependent macropinosomal sorting of IAV to discrete endosomal and lysosomal compartments that either permit or prevent endolysosomal escape and inflammatory sensing of viral genomes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Todd M Umstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anne E Stanley
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - E Scott Halstead
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Chintan K Gandhi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zissis C Chroneos
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Perinatal-Neonatal Medicine, Pulmonary Immunology and Physiology Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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4
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Nigos LR, Scott NE, Brooks AG, Ait-Goughoulte M, Londrigan SL, Reading PC, Farrukee R. TRIM16 Overexpression in HEK293T Cells Results in Cell Line-Specific Antiviral Activity. Pathogens 2023; 12:852. [PMID: 37375542 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Host cell restriction factors are intracellular proteins that can inhibit virus replication. Characterisation of novel host cell restriction factors can provide potential targets for host-directed therapies. In this study, we aimed to assess a member of the Tripartite-motif family protein (TRIM) family, TRIM16, as a putative host cell restriction factor. To this end, we utilized constitutive or doxycycline-inducible systems to overexpress TRIM16 in HEK293T epithelial cells and then tested for its ability to inhibit growth by a range of RNA and DNA viruses. In HEK293T cells, overexpression of TRIM16 resulted in potent inhibition of multiple viruses, however, when TRIM16 was overexpressed in other epithelial cell lines (A549, Hela, or Hep2), virus inhibition was not observed. When investigating the antiviral activity of endogenous TRIM16, we report that siRNA-mediated knockdown of TRIM16 in A549 cells also modulated the mRNA expression of other TRIM proteins, complicating the interpretation of results using this method. Therefore, we used CRISPR/Cas9 editing to knockout TRIM16 in A549 cells and demonstrate that endogenous TRIM16 did not mediate antiviral activity against the viruses tested. Thus, while initial overexpression in HEK293T cells suggested that TRIM16 was a host cell restriction factor, alternative approaches did not validate these findings. These studies highlight the importance of multiple complementary experimental approaches, including overexpression analysis in multiple cell lines and investigation of the endogenous protein, when defining host cell restriction factors with novel antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance R Nigos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nichollas E Scott
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Malika Ait-Goughoulte
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah L Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Rubaiyea Farrukee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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5
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Meischel T, Fritzlar S, Villalón-Letelier F, Smith JM, Brooks AG, Reading PC, Londrigan SL. Caveats of Using Overexpression Approaches to Screen Cellular Host IFITM Proteins for Antiviral Activity. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040519. [PMID: 37111405 PMCID: PMC10145288 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic protein overexpression in immortalised cell lines is a commonly used method to screen host factors for their antiviral activity against different viruses. However, the question remains as to what extent such artificial protein overexpression recapitulates endogenous protein function. Previously, we used a doxycycline-inducible overexpression system, in conjunction with approaches to modulate the expression of endogenous protein, to demonstrate the antiviral activity of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 against influenza A virus (IAV) but not parainfluenza virus-3 (PIV-3) in A549 cells. We now show that constitutive overexpression of the same IFITM constructs in A549 cells led to a significant restriction of PIV-3 infection by all three IFITM proteins. Variable IFITM mRNA and protein expression levels were detected in A549 cells with constitutive versus inducible overexpression of each IFITM. Our findings show that overexpression approaches can lead to levels of IFITM1, IFITM2, and IFITM3 that significantly exceed those achieved through interferon stimulation of endogenous protein. We propose that exceedingly high levels of overexpressed IFITMs may not accurately reflect the true function of endogenous protein, thus contributing to discrepancies when attributing the antiviral activity of individual IFITM proteins against different viruses. Our findings clearly highlight the caveats associated with overexpression approaches used to screen cellular host proteins for antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Meischel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Svenja Fritzlar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Fernando Villalón-Letelier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Smith
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Brooks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick C. Reading
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Sarah L. Londrigan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-8344-5708
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6
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IFITM3 promotes NiV envelope protein-mediated entry into MDCK cells and interacts with the fusion subunit of the F protein. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 153:106325. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Pacheco-Hernández LM, Ramírez-Noyola JA, Gómez-García IA, Ignacio-Cortés S, Zúñiga J, Choreño-Parra JA. Comparing the Cytokine Storms of COVID-19 and Pandemic Influenza. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:369-392. [PMID: 35674675 PMCID: PMC9422807 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging respiratory viruses are major health threats due to their potential to cause massive outbreaks. Over the past 2 years, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused millions of cases of severe infection and deaths worldwide. Although natural and vaccine-induced protective immune mechanisms against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been increasingly identified, the factors that determine morbimortality are less clear. Comparing the immune signatures of COVID-19 and other severe respiratory infections such as the pandemic influenza might help dissipate current controversies about the origin of their severe manifestations. As such, identifying homologies in the immunopathology of both diseases could provide targets for immunotherapy directed to block shared pathogenic mechanisms. Meanwhile, finding unique characteristics that differentiate each infection could shed light on specific immune alterations exploitable for diagnostic and individualized therapeutics for each case. In this study, we summarize immunopathological aspects of COVID-19 and pandemic influenza from the perspective of cytokine storms as the driving force underlying morbidity. Thereby, we analyze similarities and differences in the cytokine profiles of both infections, aiming to bring forward those molecules more attractive for translational medicine and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette Miroslava Pacheco-Hernández
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Ariadna Ramírez-Noyola
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, Mexico
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón and Plan de San Luis, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Alejandra Gómez-García
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Ignacio-Cortés
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias “Ismael Cosío Villegas,” Mexico City, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Expression of a Functional Mx1 Protein Is Essential for the Ability of RIG-I Agonist Prophylaxis to Provide Potent and Long-Lasting Protection in a Mouse Model of Influenza A Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071547. [PMID: 35891527 PMCID: PMC9319350 DOI: 10.3390/v14071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
RIG-I is an innate sensor of RNA virus infection and its activation induces interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). In vitro studies using human cells have demonstrated the ability of synthetic RIG-I agonists (3pRNA) to inhibit IAV replication. However, in mouse models of IAV the effectiveness of 3pRNA reported to date differs markedly between studies. Myxoma resistance (Mx)1 is an ISG protein which mediates potent anti-IAV activity, however most inbred mouse strains do not express a functional Mx1. Herein, we utilised C57BL/6 mice that do (B6.A2G-Mx1) and do not (B6-WT) express functional Mx1 to assess the ability of prophylactic 3pRNA treatment to induce ISGs and to protect against subsequent IAV infection. In vitro, 3pRNA treatment of primary lung cells from B6-WT and B6.A2G-Mx1 mice resulted in ISG induction however inhibition of IAV infection was more potent in cells from B6.A2G-Mx1 mice. In vivo, a single intravenous injection of 3pRNA resulted in ISG induction in lungs of both B6-WT and B6.A2G-Mx1 mice, however potent and long-lasting protection against subsequent IAV challenge was only observed in B6.A2G-Mx1 mice. Thus, despite broad ISG induction, expression of a functional Mx1 is critical for potent and long-lasting RIG-I agonist-mediated protection in the mouse model of IAV infection.
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9
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Regino-Zamarripa NE, Ramírez-Martínez G, Jiménez-Álvarez LA, Cruz-Lagunas A, Gómez-García IA, Ignacio-Cortés S, Márquez-García JE, Pacheco-Hernández LM, Ramírez-Noyola JA, Barquera R, Mendoza-Milla C, Luna-Rivero C, Domínguez-Cherit JG, Ramírez-Rangel R, Rodríguez-Reyna TS, Hernández-Cárdenas CM, Choreño-Parra JA, León-Ávila G, Zúñiga J. Differential Leukocyte Expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in Patients with Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:430-443. [PMID: 35708622 PMCID: PMC9422779 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins mediate protection against enveloped viruses by blocking membrane fusion at endosomes. IFITM1 and IFITM3 are crucial for protection against influenza, and various single nucleotide polymorphisms altering their function have been linked to disease susceptibility. However, bulk IFITM1 and IFITM3 mRNA expression dynamics and their correlation with clinical outcomes have not been extensively addressed in patients with respiratory infections. In this study, we evaluated the expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 in peripheral leukocytes from healthy controls and individuals with severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Comparisons between participants grouped according to their clinical characteristics, underlying disease, and outcomes showed that the downregulation of IFITM1 was a distinctive characteristic of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) that correlated with outcomes, including mortality. Conversely, increased IFITM3 expression was a common feature of severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) and COVID-19. Using a high-dose murine model of infection, we confirmed not only the downregulation of IFITM1 but also of IFITM3 in the lungs of mice with severe influenza, as opposed to humans. Analyses in the comparative cohort also indicate the possible participation of IFITM3 in COVID-19. Our results add to the evidence supporting a protective function of IFITM proteins against viral respiratory infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Regino-Zamarripa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ramírez-Martínez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Armando Jiménez-Álvarez
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Lagunas
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Alejandra Gómez-García
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sergio Ignacio-Cortés
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Eduardo Márquez-García
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lynette Miroslava Pacheco-Hernández
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jazmín Ariadna Ramírez-Noyola
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Programa de Maestría en Ciencias de la Salud, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón and Plan de San Luis, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Barquera
- Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Criselda Mendoza-Milla
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cesar Luna-Rivero
- Deparment of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Guillermo Domínguez-Cherit
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico.,Critical Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Remedios Ramírez-Rangel
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Investigación Científica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Sofía Rodríguez-Reyna
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen M Hernández-Cárdenas
- Respiratory Critical Care Unit, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Alberto Choreño-Parra
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gloria León-Ávila
- Zoology Deparment, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio and Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas," Mexico City, Mexico.,Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Wen S, Song Y, Li C, Jin N, Zhai J, Lu H. Positive Regulation of the Antiviral Activity of Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 3 by S-Palmitoylation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:919477. [PMID: 35769480 PMCID: PMC9236556 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.919477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), a small molecule transmembrane protein induced by interferon, is generally conserved in vertebrates, which can inhibit infection by a diverse range of pathogenic viruses such as influenza virus. However, the precise antiviral mechanisms of IFITM3 remain unclear. At least four post-translational modifications (PTMs) were found to modulate the antiviral effect of IFITM3. These include positive regulation provided by S-palmitoylation of cysteine and negative regulation provided by lysine ubiquitination, lysine methylation, and tyrosine phosphorylation. IFITM3 S-palmitoylation is an enzymatic addition of a 16-carbon fatty acid on the three cysteine residues within or adjacent to its two hydrophobic domains at positions 71, 72, and 105, that is essential for its proper targeting, stability, and function. As S-palmitoylation is the only PTM known to enhance the antiviral activity of IFITM3, enzymes that add this modification may play important roles in IFN-induced immune responses. This study mainly reviews the research progresses on the antiviral mechanism of IFITM3, the regulation mechanism of S-palmitoylation modification on its subcellular localization, stability, and function, and the enzymes that mediate the S-palmitoylation modification of IFITM3, which may help elucidate the mechanism by which this IFN effector restrict virus replication and thus aid in the design of therapeutics targeted at pathogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Wen
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Yang Song
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Chang Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jingbo Zhai
- Preventive Veterinary Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
- Key Laboratory of Zoonose Prevention and Control, Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Tongliao, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Mouse Mx1 Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genomic Replication and Late Gene Expression In Vitro and Prevents Lesion Formation in the Mouse Zosteriform Model. J Virol 2022; 96:e0041922. [PMID: 35638820 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00419-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myxovirus resistance (Mx) proteins are dynamin-like GTPases that are inducible by interferons (IFNs) following virus infections. Most studies investigating Mx proteins have focused on their activity against influenza A viruses (IAV), although emerging evidence suggests that some Mx proteins may exhibit broader antiviral activity. Herein, we demonstrate that in addition to IAV, overexpression of mouse Mx1 (mMx1), but not mMx2, resulted in potent inhibition of growth of the human alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and HSV-2, whereas neither inhibited the mouse betaherpesvirus murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in vitro. IFN induction of a functional endogenous mMx1 in primary mouse fibroblasts ex vivo was also associated with inhibition of HSV-1 growth. Using an in vitro overexpression approach, we demonstrate that mutations that result in redistribution of mMx1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm or in loss of its combined GTP binding and GTPase activity also abrogated its ability to inhibit HSV-1 growth. Overexpressed mMx1 did not inhibit early HSV-1 gene expression but was shown to inhibit both replication of the HSV-1 genome as well as subsequent late gene expression. In a mouse model of cutaneous HSV-1 infection, mice expressing a functional endogenous mMx1 showed significant reductions in the severity of skin lesions as well as reduced HSV-1 titers in both the skin and dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Together, these data demonstrate that mMx1 mediates potent antiviral activity against human alphaherpesviruses by blocking replication of the viral genome and subsequent steps in virus replication. Moreover, endogenous mMx1 potently inhibited pathogenesis in the zosteriform mouse model of HSV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE While a number of studies have demonstrated that human Mx proteins can inhibit particular herpesviruses in vitro, we are the first to report the antiviral activity of mouse Mx1 (mMx1) against alphaherpesviruses both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that both overexpressed mMx1 and endogenous mMx1 potently restrict HSV-1 growth in vitro. mMx1-mediated inhibition of HSV-1 was not associated with inhibition of virus entry and/or import of the viral genome into the nucleus, but rather with inhibition of HSV-1 genomic replication as well as subsequent late gene expression. Therefore, inhibition of human alphaherpesviruses by mMx1 occurs by a mechanism that is distinct from that reported for human Mx proteins against herpesviruses. Importantly, we also provide evidence that expression of a functional endogenous mMx1 can limit HSV-1 pathogenesis in a mouse model of infection.
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Song L, Chen J, Hao P, Jiang Y, Xu W, Li L, Chen S, Gao Z, Jin N, Ren L, Li C. Differential Transcriptomics Analysis of IPEC-J2 Cells Single or Coinfected With Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:844657. [PMID: 35401515 PMCID: PMC8989846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.844657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) and transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) are two highly contagious intestinal diseases in the swine industry worldwide. Notably, coinfection of TGEV and PEDV is common in piglets with diarrhea-related diseases. In this study, intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were single or coinfected with PEDV and/or TGEV, followed by the comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), especially interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), between different groups via transcriptomics analysis and real-time qPCR. The antiviral activity of swine interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (sIFITM3) on PEDV and TGEV infection was also evaluated. The results showed that DEGs can be detected in the cells infected with PEDV, TGEV, and PEDV+TGEV at 12, 24, and 48 hpi, and the number of DEGs was the highest at 24 hpi. The DEGs are mainly annotated to the GO terms of protein binding, immune system process, organelle part, and intracellular organelle part. Furthermore, 90 ISGs were upregulated during PEDV or TGEV infection, 27 of which were associated with antiviral activity, including ISG15, OASL, IFITM1, and IFITM3. Furthermore, sIFITM3 can significantly inhibit PEDV and TGEV infection in porcine IPEC-J2 cells and/or monkey Vero cells. Besides, sIFITM3 can also inhibit vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) replication in Vero cells. These results indicate that sIFITM3 has broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Lab for Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Pengfei Hao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhang Jiang
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Letian Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Si Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zihan Gao
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Linzhu Ren
- College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Li
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
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Rab22a cooperates with Rab5 and NS4B in classical swine fever virus entry process. Vet Microbiol 2022; 266:109363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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