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Dias J, Cattin A, Bendoumou M, Dutilleul A, Lodge R, Goulet JP, Fert A, Raymond Marchand L, Wiche Salinas TR, Ngassaki Yoka CD, Gabriel EM, Caballero RE, Routy JP, Cohen ÉA, Van Lint C, Ancuta P. Retinoic acid enhances HIV-1 reverse transcription and transcription in macrophages via mTOR-modulated mechanisms. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114414. [PMID: 38943643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal environment facilitates HIV-1 infection via mechanisms involving the gut-homing vitamin A-derived retinoic acid (RA), which transcriptionally reprograms CD4+ T cells for increased HIV-1 replication/outgrowth. Consistently, colon-infiltrating CD4+ T cells carry replication-competent viral reservoirs in people with HIV-1 (PWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). Intriguingly, integrative infection in colon macrophages, a pool replenished by monocytes, represents a rare event in ART-treated PWH, thus questioning the effect of RA on macrophages. Here, we demonstrate that RA enhances R5 but not X4 HIV-1 replication in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). RNA sequencing, gene set variation analysis, and HIV interactor NCBI database interrogation reveal RA-mediated transcriptional reprogramming associated with metabolic/inflammatory processes and HIV-1 resistance/dependency factors. Functional validations uncover post-entry mechanisms of RA action including SAMHD1-modulated reverse transcription and CDK9/RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-dependent transcription under the control of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). These results support a model in which macrophages residing in the intestine of ART-untreated PWH contribute to viral replication/dissemination in an mTOR-sensitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Dias
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amélie Cattin
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Maryam Bendoumou
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Antoine Dutilleul
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Robert Lodge
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Augustine Fert
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Laurence Raymond Marchand
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Tomas Raul Wiche Salinas
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christ-Dominique Ngassaki Yoka
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Etiene Moreira Gabriel
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ramon Edwin Caballero
- Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada; Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Éric A Cohen
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Carine Van Lint
- Service of Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology (DBM), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Petronela Ancuta
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Kimura K, Tanuma J, Kimura M, Imamura J, Yanase M, Ieiri I, Kurosaki M, Watanabe T, Endo T, Yotsuyanagi H, Gatanaga H. Safety and tolerability of OP-724 in patients with haemophilia and liver cirrhosis due to HIV/HCV coinfection: an investigator-initiated, open-label, non-randomised, single-centre, phase I study. BMJ Open Gastroenterol 2024; 11:e001341. [PMID: 38677720 PMCID: PMC11057312 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgast-2023-001341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with haemophilia and HIV who acquire hepatitis C virus (HCV) after receiving contaminated blood products can experience accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and a poor prognosis, making liver disease a prominent cause of mortality among these patients. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the potential antifibrotic agent OP-724-a CREB-binding protein/β-catenin inhibitor-in this patient subset. DESIGN In this single-centre, open-label, non-randomised, phase I trial, we sequentially enrolled patients with cirrhosis following HIV/HCV coinfection classified as Child-Pugh (CP) class A or B. Five patients received an intravenous infusion of OP-724 at doses of 140 or 280 mg/m2 for 4 hours two times weekly over 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs). Secondary endpoints included the incidence of AEs and improved liver stiffness measure (LSM), as determined by vibration-controlled transient elastography. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04688034). RESULTS Between 9 February 2021 and 5 July 2022, five patients (median age: 51 years) were enrolled. All five patients completed 12 cycles of treatment. SAEs were not observed. The most common AEs were fever (60%) and gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhoea: 20%, enterocolitis: 20%). Improvements in LSM and serum albumin levels were also observed. CONCLUSION In this preliminary assessment, intravenous administration of 140 or 280 mg/m2/4 hours OP-724 over 12 weeks was well tolerated by patients with haemophilia combined with cirrhosis due to HIV/HCV coinfection. Hence, the antifibrotic effects of OP-724 warrant further assessment in patients with cirrhosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04688034.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiminori Kimura
- Department of Hepatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Tanuma
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masamichi Kimura
- Department of Hepatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Imamura
- Department of Hepatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikio Yanase
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Division of Clinical Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kurosaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Musashino Red Cross Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunamasa Watanabe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Endo
- Department of Hematology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Gatanaga
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Sachdeva M, Taneja S, Sachdeva N. Stem cell-like memory T cells: Role in viral infections and autoimmunity. World J Immunol 2023; 13:11-22. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v13.i2.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cells possess stem cell properties including multipotency and self-renewal and are being recognized as emerging players in various human diseases. Advanced technologies such as multiparametric flowcytometry and single cell sequencing have enabled their identification and molecular characterization. In case of chronic viral diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus-1, CD4+ TSCM cells, serve as major reservoirs of the latent virus. However, during immune activation and functional exhaustion of effector T cells, these cells also possess the potential to replenish the pool of functional effector cells to curtail the infection. More recently, these cells are speculated to play important role in protective immunity following acute viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 and might be amenable for therapeutics by ex vivo expansion. Similarly, studies are also investigating their pathological role in driving autoimmune responses. However, there are several gaps in the understanding of the role of TSCM cells in viral and autoimmune diseases to make them potential therapeutic targets. In this minireview, we have attempted an updated compilation of the dyadic role of these complex TSCM cells during such human diseases along with their biology and transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Sachdeva
- Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Shivangi Taneja
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Naresh Sachdeva
- Department of Endocrinology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
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4
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Badiee P, Maritz MF, Thierry B. Glycogen kinase 3 inhibitor nanoformulation as an alternative strategy to inhibit PD-1 immune checkpoint. Int J Pharm 2022; 622:121845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Barbian HJ, Seaton MS, Narasipura SD, Wallace J, Rajan R, Sha BE, Al-Harthi L. β-catenin regulates HIV latency and modulates HIV reactivation. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010354. [PMID: 35255110 PMCID: PMC8939789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Latency is the main obstacle towards an HIV cure, with cure strategies aiming to either elicit or prevent viral reactivation. While these strategies have shown promise, they have only succeeded in modulating latency in a fraction of the latent HIV reservoir, suggesting that the mechanisms controlling HIV latency are not completely understood, and that comprehensive latency modulation will require targeting of multiple latency maintenance pathways. We show here that the transcriptional co-activator and the central mediator of canonical Wnt signaling, β-catenin, inhibits HIV transcription in CD4+ T cells via TCF-4 LTR binding sites. Further, we show that inhibiting the β-catenin pathway reactivates HIV in a primary TCM cell model of HIV latency, primary cells from cART-controlled HIV donors, and in CD4+ latent cell lines. β-catenin inhibition or activation also enhanced or inhibited the activity of several classes of HIV latency reversing agents, respectively, in these models, with significant synergy of β-catenin and each LRA class tested. In sum, we identify β-catenin as a novel regulator of HIV latency in vitro and ex vivo, adding new therapeutic targets that may be combined for comprehensive HIV latency modulation in HIV cure efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J. Barbian
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Melanie S. Seaton
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Srinivas D. Narasipura
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jennillee Wallace
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Reshma Rajan
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Beverly E. Sha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinios United States of America
| | - Lena Al-Harthi
- Department of Microbial Pathogens and Immunity, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Genomic resources for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Mamm Genome 2022; 33:91-99. [PMID: 34999909 PMCID: PMC8742695 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-021-09922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are among the most extensively studied of nonhuman primates. This species has been the subject of many investigations concerning basic primate biology and behavior, including studies of social organization, developmental psychology, physiology, endocrinology, and neurodevelopment. Rhesus macaques are also critically important as a nonhuman primate model of human health and disease, including use in studies of infectious diseases, metabolic diseases, aging, and drug or alcohol abuse. Current research addressing fundamental biological and/or applied biomedical questions benefits from various genetic and genomic analyses. As a result, the genome of rhesus macaques has been the subject of more study than most nonhuman primates. This paper briefly discusses a number of information resources that can provide interested researchers with access to genetic and genomic data describing the content of the rhesus macaque genome, available information regarding genetic variation within the species, results from studies of gene expression, and other aspects of genomic analysis. Specific online databases are discussed, including the US National Center for Biotechnology Information, the University of California Santa Cruz genome browser, Ensembl genome browser, the Macaque Genotype and Phenotype database (mGAP), Rhesusbase, and others.
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7
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Wen J, Li X, Zhao QX, Yang XF, Wu ML, Yan Q, Chang J, Wang H, Jin X, Su X, Deng K, Chen L, Wang JH. Pharmacological suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 reactivates HIV-1 from latency via activating Wnt/β-catenin/TCF1 axis in CD4 + T cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:391-405. [PMID: 34985411 PMCID: PMC8812804 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2026198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTHIV-1 latency posts a major obstacle for HIV-1 eradication. Currently, no desirable latency reversing agents (LRAs) have been implicated in the "Shock and Kill" strategy to mobilize the latently infected cells to be susceptible for clearance by immune responses. Identification of key cellular pathways that modulate HIV-1 latency helps to develop efficient LRAs. In this study, we demonstrate that the Wnt downstream β-catenin/TCF1 pathway is a crucial modulator for HIV-1 latency. The pharmacological activation of the β-catenin/TCF1 pathway with glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitors promoted transcription of HIV-1 proviral DNA and reactivated latency in CD4+ T cells; the GSK3 kinase inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (6-BIO)-induced HIV-1 reactivation was subsequently confirmed in resting CD4+ T cells from cART-suppressed patients and SIV-infected rhesus macaques. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for viral latency, and provide the potent LRA that can be further used in conjunction of immunotherapies to eradicate viral reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Xia Zhao
- Department of Infection, Zhengzhou Sixth People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Fan Yang
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Li Wu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qihong Yan
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haikun Wang
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Jin
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Su
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Deng
- Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Chen
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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8
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Dashti A, Singh V, Chahroudi A. HIV Reservoirs: Modeling, Quantification, and Approaches to a Cure. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2407:215-228. [PMID: 34985668 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical research in animal models depends heavily on nonhuman primates (NHP) (Phillips et al., Am J Primatol 76(9):801-827, 2014). In their physiology, neurobiology, and, most importantly, their susceptibility to infectious diseases and subsequent immune responses, NHPs have many parallels with humans (Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium et al., Science 316(5822):222-234, 2007). Different species of NHPs have served as important animal models for numerous infectious diseases spanning a wide range of pathogens (Gardner and Luciw, ILAR J 49(2):220-255, 2008). As a result of recognizing their utility in HIV research, NHPs have contributed to groundbreaking studies of disease pathogenesis, vaccination, and curative research (London et al., Lancet 2(8355):869-873, 1983; Henrickson et al., Lancet 1 (8321):388-390, 1983). Many African NHPs are considered natural hosts for SIV in which SIV infection is usually nonprogressive and does not cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Chahroudi et al., Science 335(6073):1188-1193, 2012; Taaffe et al., J Virol 84(11):5476-5484, 2010). However, cross-species transmission of SIV strains to other NHPs or to humans (nonnatural hosts) leads to progressive disease and AIDS (Paiardini et al., Annu Rev Med 60:485-495, 2009). In particular, SIV infection of Asian rhesus macaques recapitulates many features of HIV infection in humans and therefore has become a widely used approach for contemporary HIV research into virus persistence and cure strategies (Gardner and Luciw, FASEB J 3(14):2593-2606, 1989). There are multiple factors that should be considered in HIV/SIV studies using NHPs including the particular monkey species and geographic background, age and sex, certain genetic properties, virus strain, route and dose of infection, interventional treatments, and prespecified study outcomes. Here, we discuss consideration of these factors to address specific questions in HIV cure research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Dashti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vidisha Singh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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9
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Bunis DG, Bronevetsky Y, Krow-Lucal E, Bhakta NR, Kim CC, Nerella S, Jones N, Mendoza VF, Bryson YJ, Gern JE, Rutishauser RL, Ye CJ, Sirota M, McCune JM, Burt TD. Single-Cell Mapping of Progressive Fetal-to-Adult Transition in Human Naive T Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108573. [PMID: 33406429 PMCID: PMC10263444 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas the human fetal immune system is poised to generate immune tolerance and suppress inflammation in utero, an adult-like immune system emerges to orchestrate anti-pathogen immune responses in post-natal life. It has been posited that cells of the adult immune system arise as a discrete ontological "layer" of hematopoietic stem-progenitor cells (HSPCs) and their progeny; evidence supporting this model in humans has, however, been inconclusive. Here, we combine bulk and single-cell transcriptional profiling of lymphoid cells, myeloid cells, and HSPCs from fetal, perinatal, and adult developmental stages to demonstrate that the fetal-to-adult transition occurs progressively along a continuum of maturity-with a substantial degree of inter-individual variation at the time of birth-rather than via a transition between discrete waves. These findings have important implications for the design of strategies for prophylaxis against infection in the newborn and for the use of umbilical cord blood (UCB) in the setting of transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Bunis
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yelena Bronevetsky
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Krow-Lucal
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nirav R Bhakta
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Charles C Kim
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Srilaxmi Nerella
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Norman Jones
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ventura F Mendoza
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yvonne J Bryson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Mattel Children's Hospital UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - James E Gern
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel L Rutishauser
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chun Jimmie Ye
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Joseph M McCune
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Trevor D Burt
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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10
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Stem cell-like memory T cells: A perspective from the dark side. Cell Immunol 2021; 361:104273. [PMID: 33422699 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Much attention has been paid to a newly discovered subset of memory T (TM) cells-stem cell-like memory T (TSCM) cells for their high self-renewal ability, multi-differentiation potential and long-term effector function in adoptive therapy against tumors. Despite their application in cancer therapy, an excess of TSCM cells also contributes to the persistence of autoimmune diseases for their immune memory and HIV infection as a long-lived HIV reservoir. Signaling pathways Wnt, AMPK/mTOR and NF-κB are key determinants for TM cell generation, maintenance and proinflammatory effect. In this review, we focus on the phenotypic and functional characteristics of TSCM cells and discuss their role in autoimmune diseases and HIV-1 chronic infection. Also, we explore the potential mechanism and signaling pathways involved in immune memory and look into the future therapy strategies of targeting long-lived TM cells to suppress pathogenic immune memory.
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11
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Fromentin R, Chomont N. HIV persistence in subsets of CD4+ T cells: 50 shades of reservoirs. Semin Immunol 2021; 51:101438. [PMID: 33272901 PMCID: PMC8164644 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy controls HIV replication but does not eliminate the virus from the infected host. The persistence of a small pool of cells harboring integrated and replication-competent HIV genomes impedes viral eradication efforts. The HIV reservoir was originally described as a relatively homogeneous pool of resting memory CD4+ T cells. Over the past 20 years, the identification of multiple cellular subsets of CD4+ T cells endowed with distinct biological properties shed new lights on the heterogeneity of HIV reservoirs. It is now clear that HIV persists in a large variety of CD4+ T cells, which contribute to HIV persistence through different mechanisms. In this review, we summarize recent findings indicating that specific biological features of well-characterized subsets of CD4+ T cells individually contribute to the persistence of HIV. These include an increased sensitivity to HIV infection, specific tissue locations, enhanced survival and heightened capacity to proliferate. We also discuss the relative abilities of these cellular reservoirs to contribute to viral rebound upon ART interruption. Together, these findings reveal that the HIV reservoir is not homogeneous and should be viewed as a mosaic of multiple cell types that all contribute to HIV persistence through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Pediatric HIV: the Potential of Immune Therapeutics to Achieve Viral Remission and Functional Cure. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 17:237-248. [PMID: 32356090 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-020-00495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), more than 50% of perinatally HIV-infected children die by 2 years of age. Early ART from infancy is therefore a global recommendation and significantly improves immune health, child survival, and disease outcome. However, even early treatment does not prevent or eradicate the latent reservoir necessitating life-long ART. Adherence to life-long ART is challenging for children and longstanding ART during chronic HIV infection led to higher risks of non-AIDS co-morbidities and virologic failure in infected children. Thus, HIV-infected children are an important population for consideration for immune-based interventions to achieve ART-free remission and functional cure. This review summarizes how the uniqueness of the early life immune system can be harnessed for the development of ART-free remission and functional cure, which means complete virus control in absence of ART. In addition, recent advances in therapeutics in the HIV cure field and their potential for the treatment of pediatric HIV infections are discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Preclinical studies and clinical trials demonstrated that immune-based interventions target HIV replication, limit size of virus reservoir, maintain virus suppression, and delay time to virus rebound. However, these studies have been performed so far only in carefully selected HIV-infected adults, highlighting the need to evaluate the efficacy of immune-based therapeutics in HIV-infected children and to design interventions tailored to the early life maturing immune system. Immune-based therapeutics alone or in combination with ART should be actively explored as potential strategies to achieve viral remission and functional cure in HIV-infected pediatric populations.
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Ashrafizadeh M, Rafiei H, Mohammadinejad R, Afshar EG, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Potential therapeutic effects of curcumin mediated by JAK/STAT signaling pathway: A review. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1745-1760. [PMID: 32157749 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a naturally occurring nutraceutical compound with a number of therapeutic and biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antitumor, and cardioprotective. This plant-derived chemical has demonstrated great potential in targeting various signaling pathways to exert its protective effects. Signal transducers and activator of transcription (STAT) is one of the molecular pathways involved in a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation and cell apoptosis. Accumulating data demonstrates that the STAT pathway is an important target in treatment of a number of disorders, particularly cancer. Curcumin is capable of affecting STAT signaling pathway in induction of its therapeutic impacts. Curcumin is able to enhance the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines and improve inflammatory disorders such as colitis by targeting STAT signaling pathway. Furthermore, studies show that inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway by curcumin is involved in reduced migration and invasion of cancer cells. Curcumin normalizes the expression of JAK/STAT signaling pathway to exert anti-diabetic, renoprotective, and neuroprotective impacts. At the present review, we provide a comprehensive discussion about the effect of curcumin on JAK/STAT signaling pathway to direct further studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Rafiei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Mohammadinejad
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham G Afshar
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Nixon CC, Mavigner M, Sampey GC, Brooks AD, Spagnuolo RA, Irlbeck DM, Mattingly C, Ho PT, Schoof N, Cammon CG, Tharp GK, Kanke M, Wang Z, Cleary RA, Upadhyay AA, De C, Wills SR, Falcinelli SD, Galardi C, Walum H, Schramm NJ, Deutsch J, Lifson JD, Fennessey CM, Keele BF, Jean S, Maguire S, Liao B, Browne EP, Ferris RG, Brehm JH, Favre D, Vanderford TH, Bosinger SE, Jones CD, Routy JP, Archin NM, Margolis DM, Wahl A, Dunham RM, Silvestri G, Chahroudi A, Garcia JV. Systemic HIV and SIV latency reversal via non-canonical NF-κB signalling in vivo. Nature 2020; 578:160-165. [PMID: 31969707 PMCID: PMC7111210 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-1951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting, latently infected resting CD4+ T cells are the greatest obstacle to obtaining a cure for HIV infection, as these cells can persist despite decades of treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART). Estimates indicate that more than 70 years of continuous, fully suppressive ART are needed to eliminate the HIV reservoir1. Alternatively, induction of HIV from its latent state could accelerate the decrease in the reservoir, thus reducing the time to eradication. Previous attempts to reactivate latent HIV in preclinical animal models and in clinical trials have measured HIV induction in the peripheral blood with minimal focus on tissue reservoirs and have had limited effect2-9. Here we show that activation of the non-canonical NF-κB signalling pathway by AZD5582 results in the induction of HIV and SIV RNA expression in the blood and tissues of ART-suppressed bone-marrow-liver-thymus (BLT) humanized mice and rhesus macaques infected with HIV and SIV, respectively. Analysis of resting CD4+ T cells from tissues after AZD5582 treatment revealed increased SIV RNA expression in the lymph nodes of macaques and robust induction of HIV in almost all tissues analysed in humanized mice, including the lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow, liver and lung. This promising approach to latency reversal-in combination with appropriate tools for systemic clearance of persistent HIV infection-greatly increases opportunities for HIV eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Nixon
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maud Mavigner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gavin C Sampey
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alyssa D Brooks
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rae Ann Spagnuolo
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Irlbeck
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- HIV Drug Discovery, ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Cameron Mattingly
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Phong T Ho
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nils Schoof
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corinne G Cammon
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Greg K Tharp
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Kanke
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhang Wang
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Rachel A Cleary
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amit A Upadhyay
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chandrav De
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Saintedym R Wills
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shane D Falcinelli
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cristin Galardi
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- HIV Drug Discovery, ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Hasse Walum
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Schramm
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Christine M Fennessey
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Brandon F Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Sherrie Jean
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean Maguire
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Baolin Liao
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Edward P Browne
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert G Ferris
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- HIV Drug Discovery, ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Jessica H Brehm
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- HIV Drug Discovery, ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - David Favre
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | | | - Steven E Bosinger
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Corbin D Jones
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Chronic Viral Infection Service, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nancie M Archin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David M Margolis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angela Wahl
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard M Dunham
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- UNC HIV Cure Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Qura Therapeutics, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- HIV Drug Discovery, ViiV Healthcare, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Guido Silvestri
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory + Children's Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - J Victor Garcia
- International Center for the Advancement of Translational Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Center for AIDS Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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