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Dekeyser M, de Goër de Herve MG, Hendel-Chavez H, Lhotte R, Scriabine I, Bargiel K, Boutin E, Herr F, Taupin JL, Taoufik Y, Durrbach A. Allogeneic CD4 T Cells Sustain Effective BK Polyomavirus-Specific CD8 T Cell Response in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:2498-2513. [PMID: 39156165 PMCID: PMC11328547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction BK polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (BKPyVAN) is a significant complication in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), associated with a higher level of plasmatic BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) replication and leading to poor graft survival. Methods We prospectively followed-up with 100 KTRs with various degrees of BKPyV reactivation (no BKPyV reactivation, BKPyV-DNAuria, BKPyV-DNAemia, and biopsy-proven BKPyVAN [bp-BKPyVAN], 25 patients per group) and evaluated BKPyV-specific T cell functionality and phenotype. Results We demonstrate that bp-BKPyVAN is associated with a loss of BKPyV-specific T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxic capacities. This severe functional impairment is associated with an overexpression of lymphocyte inhibitory receptors (programmed cell death 1 [PD1], cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4, T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains, and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3), highlighting an exhausted-like phenotype of BKPyV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in bp-BKPyVAN. This T cell dysfunction is associated with low class II donor-recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) divergence. In contrast, in the context of higher class II donor-recipient HLA (D/R-HLA) divergence, allogeneic CD4 T cells can provide help that sustains BKPyV-specific CD8 T cell responses. In vitro, allogeneic HLA-mismatched CD4 T cells rescue BKPyV-specific CD8 T cell responses. Conclusion Our findings suggest that in KTRs, allogeneic CD4 T cells can help to maintain an effective BKPyV-specific CD8 T cell response that better controls BKPyV replication in the kidney allograft and may protect against BKPyVAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dekeyser
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology, Center Hospitalier Régional Universitaire d'Orléans, Orléans, France
| | | | - Houria Hendel-Chavez
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Romain Lhotte
- Laboratory of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U976 (Team 3), Paris, France
| | - Ivan Scriabine
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Karen Bargiel
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Boutin
- Unit of Clinical Research, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Creteil, France
- Paris Est Creteil University, INSERM, IMRB, CEpiA Team, Creteil, France
| | - Florence Herr
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Taupin
- Laboratory of Immunology and Histocompatibility, Saint Louis Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM U976 (Team 3), Paris, France
| | - Yassine Taoufik
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Durrbach
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy Institute, Villejuif, France
- Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, Henri Mondor Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Creteil, France
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Parga-Vidal L, van Aalderen MC, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the urogenital tract. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:209-223. [PMID: 35079143 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of T cell memory responses changed drastically with the discovery that specialized T cell memory populations reside within peripheral tissues at key pathogen entry sites. These tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells can respond promptly to an infection without the need for migration, proliferation or differentiation. This rapid and local deployment of effector functions maximizes the ability of TRM cells to eliminate pathogens. TRM cells do not circulate through peripheral tissues but instead form isolated populations in the skin, gut, liver, kidneys, the reproductive tract and other organs. This long-term retention in the periphery might allow TRM cells to fully adapt to the local conditions of their environment and mount customized responses to counter infection and tumour growth in a tissue-specific manner. In the urogenital tract, TRM cells must adapt to a unique microenvironment to confer protection against potential threats, including cancer and infection, while preventing the onset of auto-inflammatory disease. In this Review, we discuss insights into the diversification of TRM cells from other memory T cell lineages, the adaptations of TRM cells to their local environment, and their enhanced capacity to counter infection and tumour growth compared with other memory T cell populations, especially in the urogenital tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Parga-Vidal
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Asada N, Ginsberg P, Gagliani N, Mittrücker HW, Panzer U. Tissue-resident memory T cells in the kidney. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:801-811. [PMID: 35411437 PMCID: PMC9708805 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The identification of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) has significantly improved our understanding of immunity. In the last decade, studies have demonstrated that TRM cells are induced after an acute T-cell response, remain in peripheral organs for several years, and contribute to both an efficient host defense and autoimmune disease. TRM cells are found in the kidneys of healthy individuals and patients with various kidney diseases. A better understanding of these cells and their therapeutic targeting might provide new treatment options for infections, autoimmune diseases, graft rejection, and cancer. In this review, we address the definition, phenotype, and developmental mechanisms of TRM cells. Then, we further discuss the current understanding of TRM cells in kidney diseases, such as infection, autoimmune disease, cancer, and graft rejection after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariaki Asada
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pauline Ginsberg
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, SolnaKarolinska Institute and University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484III. Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Beyond antivirals: virus-specific T-cell immunotherapy for BK virus haemorrhagic cystitis and JC virus progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2021; 34:627-634. [PMID: 34751182 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The clinical manifestations of the polyomaviruses BK and JC in immunocompromised patients include BK virus (BKV) induced haemorrhagic cystitis and nephropathy, and JC virus (JCV) associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and are typically a consequence of impaired adaptive immunity in the host. To date, little clinical success has been achieved with antiviral agents or other drug therapies to treat these conditions. Here we review the methods and outcomes of the most recent clinical studies utilising adoptive immunotherapy with BK and/or JC virus-specific T-cells (VST) as either prophylaxis or treatment alternatives. RECENT FINDINGS In the last 12-18 months, several clinical trials have been published in the post-haemopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) setting showing good clinical success with the use of VST for treatment of BK viremia ± haemorrhagic cystitis. Between 82 and 100% clinical response has been observed in haemorrhagic cystitis using either third-party or donor-derived VST. The therapy was well tolerated with few cases of graft versus host disease in HSCT recipients, but immune mediated renal allograft loss was observed in one renal transplant recipient. Studies using BKV/JCV VST to treat PML are hindered by few patients who are sufficiently stable to receive VST. In a condition that otherwise carries such poor prognosis, VST were associated with clearance of JC virus, clinical and radiological improvement in some patients. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome was a noted adverse event. SUMMARY Restoration of BK and JC virus immunity using VST immunotherapy has shown good clinical outcomes in BKV associated infections. Further evaluation with the administration of VST earlier in the course of disease is warranted for the treatment of BKV associated nephropathy in renal allograft and in JCV PML. In both indications, larger cohorts and standardisation of dosing and outcome measures would be of benefit.
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5
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Olson A, Lin R, Marin D, Rafei H, Bdaiwi MH, Thall PF, Basar R, Abudayyeh A, Banerjee P, Aung FM, Kaur I, Abueg G, Rao S, Chemaly R, Mulanovich V, Al-Atrash G, Alousi AM, Andersson BS, Anderlini P, Bashir Q, Castro KM, Daher M, Galvan IM, Hosing C, Im JS, Jones RB, Kebriaei P, Khouri I, Mehta R, Molldrem J, Nieto Y, Oran B, Popat U, Qazilbash M, Rondon G, Saini N, Spencer B, Srour S, Washington D, Barnett M, Champlin RE, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. Third-Party BK Virus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Therapy for Hemorrhagic Cystitis Following Allotransplantation. J Clin Oncol 2021; 39:2710-2719. [PMID: 33929874 PMCID: PMC10166368 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) is a common complication of allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT), particularly in recipients of alternative donor transplants, which are being performed in increasing numbers. BKV-HC typically results in painful hematuria, urinary obstruction, and renal dysfunction, without a definitive therapeutic option. METHODS We performed a clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02479698) to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of administering most closely HLA-matched third-party BKV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), generated from 26 healthy donors and banked for off-the-shelf use. The cells were infused into 59 patients who developed BKV-HC following AHSCT. Comprehensive clinical assessments and correlative studies were performed. RESULTS Response to BKV-CTL infusion was rapid; the day 14 overall response rate was 67.7% (40 of 59 evaluable patients), which increased to 81.6% among evaluable patients at day 45 (40 of 49 evaluable patients). No patient lost a previously achieved response. There were no cases of de novo grade 3 or 4 graft-versus-host disease, graft failure, or infusion-related toxicities. BKV-CTLs were identified in patient blood samples up to 3 months postinfusion and their in vivo expansion predicted for clinical response. A matched-pair analysis revealed that, compared with standard of care, after accounting for prognostic covariate effects, treatment with BKV-CTLs resulted in higher probabilities of response at all follow-up timepoints as well as significantly lower transfusion requirement. CONCLUSION Off-the-shelf BKV-CTLs are a safe and effective therapy for the management of patients with BKV-HC after AHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Olson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ruitao Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - David Marin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Hind Rafei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mustafa H. Bdaiwi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Peter F. Thall
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rafet Basar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ala Abudayyeh
- Division of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Pinaki Banerjee
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Fleur M. Aung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Indresh Kaur
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Glorette Abueg
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Sheetal Rao
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Roy Chemaly
- Department of Infectious Disease, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Victor Mulanovich
- Department of Infectious Disease, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gheath Al-Atrash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Amin M. Alousi
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Borje S. Andersson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Paolo Anderlini
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Qaiser Bashir
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Karla M. Castro
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Isabel M. Galvan
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Chitra Hosing
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jin S. Im
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Roy B. Jones
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Partow Kebriaei
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Issa Khouri
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rohtesh Mehta
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jeffrey Molldrem
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yago Nieto
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Betul Oran
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Uday Popat
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Muzaffar Qazilbash
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gabriela Rondon
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Neeraj Saini
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan Spencer
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Samer Srour
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Dominique Washington
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Melissa Barnett
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Richard E. Champlin
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Wang X, Patel SA, Haddadin M, Cerny J. Post-allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation viral reactivations and viremias: a focused review on human herpesvirus-6, BK virus and adenovirus. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2021; 8:20499361211018027. [PMID: 34104434 PMCID: PMC8155777 DOI: 10.1177/20499361211018027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus have been recognized as potential drivers of morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation for years. Specific protocols for monitoring, prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy are in place in many transplant settings. In this review, we focus on the next three most frequent viruses, human herpesvirus-6, BK virus and adenovirus, causing reactivation and/or viremia after allogeneic transplant, which are increasingly detected in patients in the post-transplant period owing to emerging techniques of molecular biology, recipients' characteristics, treatment modalities used for conditioning and factors related donors or stem cell source. Given the less frequent detection of an illness related to these viruses, there are often no specific protocols in place for the management of affected patients. While some patients develop significant morbidity (generally older), others may not need therapy at all (generally younger or children). Furthermore, some of the antiviral therapies used are potentially toxic. With the addition of increased risk of secondary infections, risk of graft failure or increased risk of graft-versus-host disease as well as the relationship with other post-transplant complications, the outcomes of patients with these viremias remain unsatisfactory and even long-term survivors experience increased morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shyam A Patel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael Haddadin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jan Cerny
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, UMass Memorial Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA
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Leuzinger K, Kaur A, Wilhelm M, Hirsch HH. Variations in BK Polyomavirus Immunodominant Large Tumor Antigen-Specific 9mer CD8 T-Cell Epitopes Predict Altered HLA-Presentation and Immune Failure. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121476. [PMID: 33371492 PMCID: PMC7767524 DOI: 10.3390/v12121476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Failing BK polyomavirus (BKPyV)-specific immune control is underlying onset and duration of BKPyV-replication and disease. We focused on BKPyV-specific CD8 T-cells as key effectors and characterized immunodominant 9mer epitopes in the viral large tumor-antigen (LTag). We investigated the variation of LTag-epitopes and their predicted effects on HLA-class 1 binding and T-cell activation. Available BKPyV sequences in the NCBI-nucleotide (N = 3263), and the NCBI protein database (N = 4189) were extracted (1368 sequences) and analyzed for non-synonymous aa-exchanges in LTag. Variant 9mer-epitopes were assessed for predicted changes in HLA-A and HLA-B-binding compared to immunodominant 9mer reference. We identified 159 non-synonymous aa-exchanges in immunodominant LTag-9mer T-cell epitopes reflecting different BKPyV-genotypes as well as genotype-independent variants altering HLA-A/HLA-B-binding scores. Decreased binding scores for HLA-A/HLA-B were found in 27/159 (17%). This included the immunodominant LPLMRKAYL affecting HLA-B*07:02-, HLA-B*08:01- and HLA-B*51:01-presentation. In two healthy BKPyV-seropositive HLA-B*07:02 blood donors, variant LSLMRKAYL showed reduced CD8 T-cell responses compared to LPLMRKAYL. Thus, despite LTag being highly conserved, aa-exchanges occur in immunodominant CD8 T-cell epitopes of BKPyV-genotypes as well as of genotypes -independent variants, which may contribute to genotype-dependent and genotype-independent failure of cellular immune control over BKPyV-replication. The data warrant epidemiological and immunological investigations in carefully designed clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Leuzinger
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland; (K.L.); (A.K.); (M.W.)
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amandeep Kaur
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland; (K.L.); (A.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Maud Wilhelm
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland; (K.L.); (A.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Hans H. Hirsch
- Transplantation & Clinical Virology, Department Biomedicine, University of Basel, Petersplatz 10, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland; (K.L.); (A.K.); (M.W.)
- Clinical Virology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Infectious Diseases & Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-61-207-3266 or +41-61-207-3225
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8
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Ambalathingal GR, Francis RS, Corvino D, Srihari S, Aftab BT, Smith C, Khanna R. Proteome-wide analysis of T-cell response to BK polyomavirus in healthy virus carriers and kidney transplant recipients reveals a unique transcriptional and functional profile. Clin Transl Immunology 2020; 9:e01102. [PMID: 31956413 PMCID: PMC6960379 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Cellular immunity against BK polyomavirus (BKV)‐encoded antigens plays a crucial role in long‐term protection against virus‐associated pathogenesis in transplant recipients. However, in‐depth understanding on dynamics of these cellular immune responses is required to develop better immune monitoring and immunotherapeutic strategies. Methods Here, we have conducted a proteome‐wide analysis of BKV‐specific T‐cell responses in a cohort of 53 healthy individuals and 26 kidney transplant recipients to delineate the functional and transcriptional profile of these effector cells and compared these characteristics to T cells directed against cytomegalovirus, which is also known to cause significant morbidity in transplant recipients. Results Profiling of BKV‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells revealed that kidney transplant recipients with high levels of circulating viraemia showed significantly reduced T‐cell reactivity against large T and/or small T antigens when compared to healthy donors. Interestingly, T cells specific for these antigens showed strong cross‐recognition to orthologous JC virus (JCV) peptides, including those exhibiting varying degrees of sequence identity. Ex vivo functional and phenotypic characterisation revealed that the majority of BKV‐specific T cells from renal transplant recipients expressed low levels of the key transcriptional regulators T‐bet and eomesodermin, which was coincident with undetectable expression of granzyme B and perforin. However, in vitro stimulation of T cells with BKV epitopes selectively enhanced the expression of T‐bet, granzyme B and cellular trafficking molecules (CCR4, CD49d and CD103) with minimal change in eomesodermin and perforin. Conclusions These observations provide an important platform for the future development of immune monitoring and adoptive T‐cell therapy strategies for BKV‐associated diseases in transplant recipients, which may also be exploited for similar therapeutic value in JCV‐associated clinical complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R Ambalathingal
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Tumour Immunology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia
| | - Ross S Francis
- Department of Nephrology Princess Alexandra Hospital Woolloongabba QLD Australia.,School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Dillon Corvino
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Tumour Immunology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia.,School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Tumour Immunology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia
| | - Blake T Aftab
- Department of Preclinical and Translational Sciences Atara Biotherapeutics Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Tumour Immunology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia
| | - Rajiv Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development Tumour Immunology Laboratory QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Herston QLD Australia.,School of Medicine University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
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9
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An P, Sáenz Robles MT, Duray AM, Cantalupo PG, Pipas JM. Human polyomavirus BKV infection of endothelial cells results in interferon pathway induction and persistence. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007505. [PMID: 30620752 PMCID: PMC6338385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyomavirus BKV is highly prevalent among humans. The virus establishes an asymptomatic persistent infection in the urinary system in healthy people, but uncontrolled productive infection of the virus in immunocompromised patients can lead to serious diseases. In spite of its high prevalence, our knowledge regarding key aspects of BKV polyomavirus infection remains incomplete. To determine tissue and cell type tropism of the virus, primary human epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts isolated from the respiratory and urinary systems were tested. Results from this study demonstrated that all 9 different types of human cells were infectable by BKV polyomavirus but showed differential cellular responses. In microvascular endothelial cells from the lung and the bladder, BKV persistent infection led to prolonged viral protein expression, low yield of infectious progeny and delayed cell death, in contrast with infection in renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, a widely used cell culture model for studying productive infection of this virus. Transcriptomic profiling revealed the activation of interferon signaling and induction of multiple interferon stimulated genes in infected microvascular endothelial cells. Further investigation demonstrated production of IFNβ and secretion of chemokine CXCL10 by infected endothelial cells. Activation of IRF3 and STAT1 in infected endothelial cells was also confirmed. In contrast, renal proximal tubular epithelial cells failed to mount an interferon response and underwent progressive cell death. These results demonstrated that microvascular endothelial cells are able to activate interferon signaling in response to polyomavirus BKV infection. This raises the possibility that endothelial cells might provide initial immune defense against BKV infection. Our results shed light on the persistence of and immunity against infection by BKV polyomavirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping An
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Maria Teresa Sáenz Robles
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Alexis M. Duray
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Paul G. Cantalupo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James M. Pipas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Mani J, Wang L, Hückelhoven AG, Schmitt A, Gedvilaite A, Jin N, Kleist C, Ho AD, Schmitt M. Definition and characterization of novel HLA-*A02-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes derived from JCV polyomavirus with clinical relevance. Oncotarget 2018; 8:2485-2500. [PMID: 27705933 PMCID: PMC5356818 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human JC and BK polyomaviruses (JCV/BKV) can establish a latent infection without any clinical symptoms in healthy individuals. In immunocompromised hosts infection or reactivation of JCV and BKV can cause lethal progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) and hemorrhagic cystitis, respectively. Vaccination with JCV/BKV derived antigen epitope peptides or adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells would constitute an elegant approach to clear virus-infected cells. Furthermore, donor leukocyte infusion (DLI) is another therapeutic approach which could be helpful for patients with JCV/BKV infections.So far, only few immunodominant T cell epitopes of JCV and BKV have been described and therefore is a fervent need for the definition of novel epitopes. In this study, we identified novel T cell epitopes by screening libraries of overlapping peptides derived from the major capsid protein VP1 of JCV. Virus like particles (VLPs) were used to confirm naturally processing. Two human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02-restricted epitopes were characterized by fine mapping with overlapping peptides and nonamer peptide sequences were identified. Cytokine release profile of the epitope-specific T cells was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays and by flow cytometry. We demonstrated that T cell responses were of polyfunctional nature with the potential of epitope-specific killing and cross-reactivity between JCV and BKV. These novel epitopes might constitute a new potential tool to design effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches against both polyomaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiju Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela G Hückelhoven
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anita Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alma Gedvilaite
- Department of Eukaryote Genetic Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nan Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Hematology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Christian Kleist
- Department of Transplantation Immunology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony D Ho
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKV) causes frequent infections during childhood and establishes persistent infections within renal tubular cells and the uroepithelium, with minimal clinical implications. However, reactivation of BKV in immunocompromised individuals following renal or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may cause serious complications, including BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN), ureteric stenosis, or hemorrhagic cystitis. Implementation of more potent immunosuppression and increased posttransplant surveillance has resulted in a higher incidence of BKVAN. Antiviral immunity plays a crucial role in controlling BKV replication, and our increasing knowledge about host-virus interactions has led to the development of improved diagnostic tools and clinical management strategies. Currently, there are no effective antiviral agents for BKV infection, and the mainstay of managing reactivation is reduction of immunosuppression. Development of immune-based therapies to combat BKV may provide new and exciting opportunities for the successful treatment of BKV-associated complications.
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12
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Davies SI, Muranski P. T cell therapies for human polyomavirus diseases. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1302-1316. [PMID: 28927823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid restoration of virus-specific T immunity via adoptive transfer of ex vivo generated T cells has been proven as a powerful therapy for patients with advanced cancers and refractory viral infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). BK virus (BKV), John Cunningham virus (JCV), and Merkel cell carcinoma virus (MCV) are the members of the rapidly growing human polyomavirus (hPyV) family that commonly infects most healthy humans. These viruses have a clearly established potential for causing severe end-organ damage or malignant transformation, especially in individuals with weakened immunity who are unable to mount or regain endogenous T-cell responses as a result of underlying leukemia or iatrogenic immunosuppression in autoimmunity, bone marrow and solid organ transplant settings. Here we will discuss recent advances in using T-cell-based immunotherapies to save patients suffering from PyV-associated diseases including hemorrhagic cystitis, BKV virus-associated nephropathy, and JC-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). We will also review progress in the understanding of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) as a virally driven tumor that is amenable to immune intervention and can be targeted with adoptively transferred T cells specific for viral oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Davies
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Trang VD, Rockett R, Jeoffreys N, Trung NV, Hai An HP, Kok J, Dwyer DE. BK polyomavirus: a review of the virology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory features, and treatment. Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) is a non-enveloped, circular dsDNA virus with a genome of approximately 5100 base pairs. It can be divided into four major genotypes, but the effects of different genotypes on clinical disease are uncertain. Primary BKPyV infection is generally acquired asymptomatically in childhood. It establishes low-level persistence in many tissues, particularly the genitourinary tract. Reactivation can lead to severe disease including BKPyV-associated nephropathy confirmed by renal biopsy, hemorrhagic cystitis and meningoencephalitis. Nucleic acid amplification testing of blood and urine is the main diagnostic and prognostic test for BKPyV infection. The treatment of BKPyV infection has concentrated on reduction in immunosuppressive therapy. Recent studies suggest that antiviral drugs have demonstrated only modest benefit, but adoptive T-cell therapies offer potential advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Dinh Trang
- Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78-Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Western Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rockett
- Center for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Neisha Jeoffreys
- Center for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Nguyen Vu Trung
- Clinical Laboratory, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, 78-Giai Phong, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hanoi Medical University, No. 1 Ton That Tung St, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Phan Hai An
- Department of International Cooperation, Hanoi Medical University, No. 1 Ton That Tung St, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Kidney Diseases & Dialysis Department, Viet Duc Hospital, No. 40 Trang Thi St, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jen Kok
- Center for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Dominic E Dwyer
- Western Clinical School, Westmead Hospital, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Center for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
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14
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Barth H, Solis M, Lepiller Q, Sueur C, Soulier E, Caillard S, Stoll-Keller F, Fafi-Kremer S. 45 years after the discovery of human polyomaviruses BK and JC: Time to speed up the understanding of associated diseases and treatment approaches. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:178-195. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1189873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Barth
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Morgane Solis
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Quentin Lepiller
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Sueur
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eric Soulier
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Caillard
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Françoise Stoll-Keller
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Samira Fafi-Kremer
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM UMR_S1109, LabEx Transplantex, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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15
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van Aalderen MC, Remmerswaal EBM, Heutinck KM, ten Brinke A, Feltkamp MCW, van der Weerd NC, van der Pant KAMI, Bemelman FJ, van Lier RAW, ten Berge IJM. Clinically Relevant Reactivation of Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) in HLA-A02-Positive Renal Transplant Recipients Is Associated with Impaired Effector-Memory Differentiation of BKPyV-Specific CD8+ T Cells. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005903. [PMID: 27723787 PMCID: PMC5056763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) frequently reactivates in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients (RTRs) and may lead to graft loss due to BKPyV-induced interstitial nephritis (BKVN). Little is known on the differentiation of CD8+ T cells targeting BKPyV in RTRs. Here we investigated whether BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cell differentiation differs in RTRs with varying degrees of BKPyV reactivation and/or BKVN. Using combinatorial encoding with tetramers carrying BKPyV major capsid protein (VP1) and large T antigen protein (LTAG) epitopes, we investigated CD8+ T cell responses to BKPyV in longitudinally obtained PBMC samples from 46 HLA-A02-positive RTRs and 20 healthy adults. We were also able to isolate BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells from five renal allografts, two of which were affected by BKVN. Before transplantation, BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells targeting VP1 and LTAG epitopes appeared predominantly as central-memory and CD27+/CD28+ effector-memory (TEM), and naïve-like PD-1-expressing cells, respectively. After viral reactivation, BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells assumed CD28− TEM and TEMRA states in patients who were able to control BKPyV, whereas differentiation lagged behind in patients with severe viral reactivation or BKVN. Furthermore, VP1-specific CD69+/CD103+ tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells accumulated in BKVN-affected allografts but lacked signs of effector differentiation. In contrast, granzyme B-expressing effector cells were detected in allografts not affected by BKVN. In conclusion, effector-memory differentiation of BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells in patients with high viral load or BKVN is impaired. Further characterization of the specific mechanisms behind this altered cellular differentiation is necessary to develop therapies that can prevent the emergence of BKVN. In immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients (RTRs), BKPyV frequently reactivates from latency and may cause severe interstitial nephritis in the allograft (BKVN). Not only is there no effective treatment, it also not understood why BKVN arises in some RTRs but not in all. In the current study we investigated populations of CD8+ T cells targeting epitopes from structural and non-structural BKPyV proteins in RTRs over the course of transplantation. In contrast to RTRs who suffered from self-limiting reactivation of BKPyV, patients who developed severe viral reactivation and BKVN were found to have BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cells which did not, or less often differentiate into CD28− effector-memory cells during viral reactivation. Moreover, virus-specific CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation was not only impaired in the circulation, but possibly also in BKVN-affected renal allografts. In contrast to the CD8+ T cells in kidneys from three patients who did not develop BKVN, T cells in two BKVN-affected kidneys did not display typical cytotoxic effector traits. These findings suggest that impaired BKPyV-specific CD8+ T cell maturation in response to viral reactivation, possibly owing to inter-individual differences in sensitivity to immunosuppressive medication or to certain viral quasispecies, underlies the emergence of severe viral reactivation and BKVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C. van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ester B. M. Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kirstin M. Heutinck
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Landsteiner laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariet C. W. Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Neelke C. van der Weerd
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Frederike J. Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René A. W. van Lier
- Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation and Landsteiner laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ineke J. M. ten Berge
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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16
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Kariminik A. IL-2 and polyoma BK virus infection; A systematic review article. Cytokine 2016; 88:276-280. [PMID: 27718431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that IL-2 plays a dual role in induction/suppression of immune responses via activation of conventional and regulatory T lymphocytes, respectively. IL-2 contacts complete IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) which contains CD25 (α chain) on the antigen specific activated T helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes and also T regulatory cells. Additionally, previous investigations revealed that polyoma BK virus (PBK) reactivation and induction of PBK associated nephropathy (PBKAN) is a main complication following renal transplantation. Based on the important dual roles played by IL-2 in the immune responses, it may be hypothesized that IL-2/IL-2R interaction could be considered a potential mechanism against/toward PBK reactivation and also PBKAN. Accordingly, the aim of the current review article is to determine the roles of IL-2 IL-2/IL-2R interaction in PBK reactivation and PBKAN complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Kariminik
- Department of Microbiology, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran.
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17
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Keller EX, Delbue S, Tognon M, Provenzano M. Polyomavirus BK and prostate cancer: a complex interaction of potential clinical relevance. Rev Med Virol 2015; 25:366-78. [PMID: 26308483 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several studies associating BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) and prostate cancer (PCa) suggested that this virus may exert its oncogenic activity at early stages of cancer development. The BKPyV oncogene, the large T antigen (LTag), has frequently been detected in areas of proliferative inflammatory atrophy, which is considered a precursor lesion leading to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and overt PCa. In a recently updated systematic review, the presence of BKPyV was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in healthy control tissues, providing an indication for a link between BKPyV infection and cancer risk. In addition, recent original investigations highlighted an association between expression of the virus and the clinical course of PCa. For example, by studying immune responses elicited against BKPyV LTag, a significant association between LTag positive cancer lesions and a peculiar regulatory profiling has been observed in PCa patients with evidence of disease recurrence after surgical radical prostatectomy. Lastly, a study carried out in a larger cohort of patients undergoing radical prostatectomy revealed the IgG response against LTag as an independent predictor of disease recurrence. Although a full picture of the mechanisms potentially responsible for the involvement of BKPyV in PCa is not available yet, continuing work on this topic should help to refine the potential role of BKPyV in PCa patients, perhaps revealing unsuspected associations with the clinical course of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Xavier Keller
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology and Division of Surgical Research, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Tognon
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratories of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maurizio Provenzano
- Oncology Research Unit, Department of Urology and Division of Surgical Research, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Weist BJD, Wehler P, El Ahmad L, Schmueck-Henneresse M, Millward JM, Nienen M, Neumann AU, Reinke P, Babel N. A revised strategy for monitoring BKV-specific cellular immunity in kidney transplant patients. Kidney Int 2015. [PMID: 26221751 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reactivation of Polyomavirus BKV is a severe complication in kidney transplant patients. Current treatment requires close monitoring, and modification of immunosuppressive drugs. As an important additional tool, the monitoring of BKV immunity has been based on detection of cytokine-secreting T cells upon BKV-antigen challenge. However, low frequent BKV-specific T cells are often barely detectable and their roles in BKV clearance remain unclear. Here, we analyzed the effects of immunosuppressive agents on BKV-specific T cells in vitro. Significant reductions in expression of several markers, and reduced killing functions upon treatment with calcineurin but not mTOR inhibitors were detected. However, effects of these drugs on expression of surface markers and GranzymeB were substantially less striking than effects on cytokine expression. Consequently, we applied a novel detection strategy for BKV-specific T cells in immunosuppressed kidney transplant patients using these more robust markers, and showed significantly improved sensitivity compared with the conventional IFNγ-based method. Using this strategy and 17-color flow cytometry, we found BKV-specific helper and cytolytic CD4+ T-cell subsets that differed in their memory phenotype, which corresponded with BKV clearance in kidney transplant patients. Thus, our results offer an improved detection strategy for BKV-specific T cells in kidney transplant patients, and shed light on the contributions of these cells to BKV clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J D Weist
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrizia Wehler
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda El Ahmad
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jason M Millward
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Mikalai Nienen
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Avidan U Neumann
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Petra Reinke
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
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19
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Infection history determines the differentiation state of human CD8+ T cells. J Virol 2015; 89:5110-23. [PMID: 25717102 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED After the resolution of the acute phase of infection, otherwise quiescent antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells confer rapid protection upon reinfection with viral pathogens or, in the case of persistent viruses, help to maintain control of the infection. Depending on the type of virus, antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells have distinct traits, ranging from typical memory cell properties in the case of rapidly cleared viruses to immediate effector functions for persistent viruses. We here show that both the differentiation stage, defined by the expression of cell surface markers, such as CD45RA, CCR7, CD28, and CD27, and distinct expression levels of T-bet and eomesodermin (Eomes) predict the functional profile of antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells. Furthermore, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells targeting different respiratory syncytial virus-, influenza A virus-, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-, human cytomegalovirus (hCMV)-, and HIV-1-specific epitopes adopt distinct T-bet and Eomes expression patterns that appear to be installed early during the primary response. Importantly, the associations between surface phenotype, T-bet/Eomes expression levels, and the expression of markers that predict CD8(+) T-cell function change according to viral infection history, particularly against the background of HIV-1 and, to lesser extent, of human cytomegalovirus and/or Epstein-Barr virus infection. Thus, the functionality of human antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells follows at least two dimensions, one outlined by the surface phenotype and another by the T-bet/Eomes expression levels, which are determined by previous or persistent viral challenges. IMPORTANCE Functional human CD8(+) T-cell subsets have been defined using surface markers like CD45RA, CCR7, CD28, and CD27. However, the induction of function-defining traits, like granzyme B expression, is controlled by transcription factors like T-bet and Eomes. Here, we describe how T-bet and Eomes levels distinctly relate to the expression of molecules predictive for CD8(+) T-cell function in a surface phenotype-independent manner. Importantly, we found that central memory and effector memory CD8(+) T-cell subsets differentially express T-bet, Eomes, and molecules predictive for function according to viral infection history, particularly so in the context of HIV-1 infection and, to lesser extent, of latent EBV- and/or hCMV-infected, otherwise healthy adults. Finally, we show that the distinct phenotypes and T-bet/Eomes levels of different virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell populations are imprinted early during the acute phase of primary infection in vivo. These findings broaden our understanding of CD8(+) T-cell differentiation.
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Blom K, Braun M, Pakalniene J, Dailidyte L, Béziat V, Lampen MH, Klingström J, Lagerqvist N, Kjerstadius T, Michaëlsson J, Lindquist L, Ljunggren HG, Sandberg JK, Mickiene A, Gredmark-Russ S. Specificity and dynamics of effector and memory CD8 T cell responses in human tick-borne encephalitis virus infection. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1004622. [PMID: 25611738 PMCID: PMC4303297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is transferred to humans by ticks. The virus causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) with symptoms such as meningitis and meningoencephalitis. About one third of the patients suffer from long-lasting sequelae after clearance of the infection. Studies of the immune response during TBEV-infection are essential to the understanding of host responses to TBEV-infection and for the development of therapeutics. Here, we studied in detail the primary CD8 T cell response to TBEV in patients with acute TBE. Peripheral blood CD8 T cells mounted a considerable response to TBEV-infection as assessed by Ki67 and CD38 co-expression. These activated cells showed a CD45RA-CCR7-CD127- phenotype at day 7 after hospitalization, phenotypically defining them as effector cells. An immunodominant HLA-A2-restricted TBEV epitope was identified and utilized to study the characteristics and temporal dynamics of the antigen-specific response. The functional profile of TBEV-specific CD8 T cells was dominated by variants of mono-functional cells as the effector response matured. Antigen-specific CD8 T cells predominantly displayed a distinct Eomes+Ki67+T-bet+ effector phenotype at the peak of the response, which transitioned to an Eomes-Ki67-T-bet+ phenotype as the infection resolved and memory was established. These transcription factors thus characterize and discriminate stages of the antigen-specific T cell response during acute TBEV-infection. Altogether, CD8 T cells responded strongly to acute TBEV infection and passed through an effector phase, prior to gradual differentiation into memory cells with distinct transcription factor expression-patterns throughout the different phases. Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) belongs to the flavivirus family and causes tick-borne encephalitis. This is a severe meningoencephalitic disease with no available treatment. Detailed studies of the immune response during human TBEV infection are essential to understand host responses to TBE and for the development of therapeutics. Herein, we studied the primary T cell-mediated immune response in patients diagnosed with TBEV infection. We show that CD8 T cells mount a vigorous TBEV-specific response within one week of hospitalization. Moreover, TBEV-specific CD8 T cells displayed a distinctive phenotypic and functional profile, paired with a distinct transcription factor expression-pattern during the peak of activation. In summary, this is the first comprehensive study of the CD8 T cell response during acute human TBEV infection, and provides a framework for understanding of CD8 T cell-mediated immunity in this emerging viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Blom
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monika Braun
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jolita Pakalniene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Dailidyte
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vivien Béziat
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Imagine Institute—INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - Margit H. Lampen
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Klingström
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nina Lagerqvist
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Kjerstadius
- Karolinska University Laboratory, Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob Michaëlsson
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Lindquist
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Gustaf Ljunggren
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aukse Mickiene
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Unit of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sara Gredmark-Russ
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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21
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Clonal evolution of CD8+ T cell responses against latent viruses: relationship among phenotype, localization, and function. J Virol 2014; 89:568-80. [PMID: 25339770 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02003-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection is characterized by a vast expansion of resting effector-type virus-specific T cells in the circulation. In mice, interleukin-7 receptor α (IL-7Rα)-expressing cells contain the precursors for long-lived antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells, but it is unclear if similar mechanisms operate to maintain these pools in humans. Here, we studied whether IL-7Rα-expressing cells obtained from peripheral blood (PB) or lymph nodes (LNs) sustain the circulating effector-type hCMV-specific pool. Using flow cytometry and functional assays, we found that the IL-7Rα(+) hCMV-specific T cell population comprises cells that have a memory phenotype and lack effector features. We used next-generation sequencing of the T cell receptor to compare the clonal repertoires of IL-7Rα(+) and IL-7Rα(-) subsets. We observed limited overlap of clones between these subsets during acute infection and after 1 year. When we compared the hCMV-specific repertoire between PB and paired LNs, we found many identical clones but also clones that were exclusively found in either compartment. New clones that were found in PB during antigenic recall were only rarely identical to the unique LN clones. Thus, although PB IL-7Rα-expressing and LN hCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells show typical traits of memory-type cells, these populations do not seem to contain the precursors for the novel hCMV-specific CD8(+) T cell pool during latency or upon antigen recall. IL-7Rα(+) PB and LN hCMV-specific memory cells form separate virus-specific compartments, and precursors for these novel PB hCMV-specific CD8(+) effector-type T cells are possibly located in other secondary lymphoid tissues or are being recruited from the naive CD8(+) T cell pool. IMPORTANCE Insight into the self-renewal properties of long-lived memory CD8(+) T cells and their location is crucial for the development of both passive and active vaccination strategies. Human CMV infection is characterized by a vast expansion of resting effector-type cells. It is, however, not known how this population is maintained. We here investigated two possible compartments for effector-type cell precursors: circulating acute-phase IL-7Rα-expressing hCMV-specific CD8(+) T cells and lymph node (LN)-residing hCMV-specific (central) memory cells. We show that new clones that appear after primary hCMV infection or during hCMV reactivation seldom originate from either compartment. Thus, although identical clones may be maintained by either memory population, the precursors of the novel clones are probably located in other (secondary) lymphoid tissues or are recruited from the naive CD8(+) T cell pool.
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22
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Wesa AK, Mandic M, Taylor JL, Moschos S, Kirkwood JM, Kwok WW, Finke JH, Storkus WJ. Circulating Type-1 Anti-Tumor CD4(+) T Cells are Preferentially Pro-Apoptotic in Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2014; 4:266. [PMID: 25325015 PMCID: PMC4178427 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients frequently exhibit a deficiency in Type-1 (but not Type-2 or regulatory) CD4+ T cell responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAA), which may limit protection against disease progression or responsiveness to immunotherapy in these individuals. Since such deficiency was acutely evident in patients with active disease (AD), where chronic stimulation of anti-tumor CD4+ T cells would be expected and activation-induced cell death may be prevalent, we employed MHC Class II-peptide tetramers to characterize the frequency and apoptotic status of TAA- vs. influenza (FluM1) virus-specific CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood of HLA-DR*0401+ patients with melanoma or renal cell carcinoma. We observed that Flu-specific CD4+ T cells ranged from 0.17 to 3.89%, while up to approximately 1% of CD4+ T cells reacted against individual TAA epitopes derived from the EphA2 or MAGE-6 proteins. The frequencies of EphA2 and MAGE-6-specific CD4+ T cells in patients were significantly correlated with AD and gender of the patient (i.e., females > males), while frequencies of Flu-specific CD4+ T cells were distributed within a normal range in all patients. Notably, patient CD4+ T cells reactive with MHC class II-TAA (but not MHC class II-Flu) tetramers were significantly enriched for a pro-apoptotic (Annexin-V+) phenotype, particularly amongst the Th1 (T-bet+) subset. These results suggest that the preferential sensitivity of TAA (but not viral)-specific CD4+ Th1 cells to apoptosis in melanoma patients with AD will need to be overcome for optimal clinical benefit of immunotherapeutic approaches to be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K Wesa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Maja Mandic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Stergios Moschos
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - John M Kirkwood
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - William W Kwok
- Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason University , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - James Harold Finke
- Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute , Cleveland, OH , USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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23
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ten Berge IJM, Bemelman FJ. Basic and clinical research in the AMC Renal Transplant Unit. Transpl Immunol 2014; 31:210-2. [PMID: 25240734 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Our research is aimed at characterization of the antiviral and allo-immune responses in kidney transplant recipients. In particular, we are interested in the differentiation, effector function and memory formation of T cells specific for the latent viruses cytomegalovirus (CMV) and BK virus (BKV) and in the impact of virus-specific immune responses on alloimmunity. Furthermore, we perform studies towards the most optimal, tailor-made immunosuppressive drug regimen and towards the impact of immunosuppression on infectious diseases; cognitive function and cardiovascular status of kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke J M ten Berge
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Fréderike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Mani J, Jin N, Schmitt M. Cellular immunotherapy for patients with reactivation of JC and BK polyomaviruses after transplantation. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1325-35. [PMID: 24934303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression of patients after hematopoietic stem cell or kidney transplantation potentially leads to reactivation of JC and BK polyomaviruses. In hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the reactivation rate of BKV can be up to 60%, resulting in severe complications of the urogenital tract, particularly hemorrhagic cystitis and renal dysfunction. After kidney transplantation, BKV reactivation can cause a loss of the graft. JCV can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a lethal disease. Adoptive transfer of donor-derived polyomavirus-specific T cells is an attractive and promising treatment that restores virus-specific cellular immunity. Pioneering work in the early 1990s on the reconstitution of cellular immunity against cytomegalovirus and recent development in the field of monitoring and isolation of antigen-specific T cells paved the way toward a personalized T-cell therapy. Multimer technology and magnetic beads are available to produce untouched T cells in a single-step, good manufacturing practice-compliant procedure. Another exciting aspect of T-cell therapy against polyomaviruses is the fact that both JCV and BKV can be targeted simultaneously because of their high sequence homology. Finally, "designer T cells" can be redirected to recognize polyomavirus antigens with high-affinity T-cell receptors. This review summarizes the state-of-the art technologies and gives an outlook of future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiju Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nan Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Hematology, ZhongDa Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Michael Schmitt
- Department of Internal Medicine V, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Satyanarayana G, Marty FM, Tan CS. The polyomavirus puzzle: is host immune response beneficial in controlling BK virus after adult hematopoietic cell transplantion? Transpl Infect Dis 2014; 16:521-31. [PMID: 24834968 DOI: 10.1111/tid.12233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BK virus (BKV), a ubiquitous human polyomavirus, usually does not cause disease in healthy individuals. BKV reactivation and disease can occur in immunosuppressed individuals, such as those who have undergone renal transplantation or hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Clinical manifestations of BKV disease include graft dysfunction and failure in renal transplant recipients; HCT recipients frequently experience hematuria, cystitis, hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), and renal dysfunction. Studies of HCT patients have identified several risk factors for the development of BKV disease including myeloablative conditioning, acute graft-versus-host disease, and undergoing an umbilical cord blood (uCB) HCT. Although these risk factors indicate that alterations in the immune system are necessary for BKV pathogenesis in HCT patients, few studies have examined the interactions between host immune responses and viral reactivation in BKV disease. Specifically, having BKV immunoglobulin-G before HCT does not protect against BKV infection and disease after HCT. A limited number of studies have demonstrated BKV-specific cytotoxic T cells in healthy adults as well as in post-HCT patients who had experienced HC. New areas of research are required for a better understanding of this emerging infectious disease post HCT, including prospective studies examining BK viruria, viremia, and their relationship with clinical disease, a detailed analysis of urothelial histopathology, and laboratory evaluation of systemic and local cellular and humoral immune responses to BKV in patients receiving HCT from different sources, including uCB and haploidentical donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Satyanarayana
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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26
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van Aalderen MC, Remmerswaal EBM, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. Blood and beyond: properties of circulating and tissue-resident human virus-specific αβ CD8(+) T cells. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:934-44. [PMID: 24448915 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
CD8(+) αβ T-cell responses form an essential line of defence against viral infections. An important part of the mechanisms that control the generation and maintenance of these responses have been elucidated in experimental mouse models. In recent years it has become clear that CD8(+) T-cell responses in humans not only show similarities, but also display differences to those occurring in mice. Furthermore, while several viral infections occur primarily in specialised organ systems, for obvious reasons, most human CD8(+) T-cell investigations were performed on cells deriving from the circulation. Indeed, several lines of evidence now point to essential functional differences between virus-specific CD8(+) memory T cells found in the circulation and those providing protection in organ systems, such as the lungs. In this review, we will focus on summarising recent insights into human CD8(+) T-cell differentiation in response to several viruses and emphasise that for a complete understanding of anti-viral immunity, it is pivotal to scrutinize such responses in both blood and tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel C van Aalderen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell function is not impaired in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2013; 123:717-24. [PMID: 24246502 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-08-518183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), CD8(+) T cells exhibit features of exhaustion and impaired functionality. Yet, reactivations of latent viruses such as cytomegalovirus (CMV) are uncommon in untreated CLL, suggesting that antiviral responses are uncompromised. We analyzed phenotypical and functional characteristics of CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells in CLL patients in comparison with age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Despite increased expression of the inhibitory receptors PD1, CD160, and CD244 on total CD8(+) T cells in CLL, expression levels of these markers were decreased on CMV-tetramer(+)CD8(+) T cells. Second, cytokine production upon stimulation with both phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin and CMV-peptide-loaded antigen-presenting cells was intact in CMV-tetramer(+)CD8(+) T cells. Third, CMV-tetramer(+)CD8(+) T cells of CLL patients and HCs were equally effective in killing CMV-peptide-loaded target cells. Finally, quantitative imaging flow cytometry revealed that the proportion of CD8(+) T cells forming immunologic synapses with CMV-peptide-loaded B cells was intact. In conclusion, despite evidence for global T-cell dysfunction in CLL, we show here that CLL-derived CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells display lower expression of exhaustion markers and are functionally intact. These data indicate that the changes in the T-cell compartment in CLL may be more heterogeneous than presently assumed.
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