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Volle R, Luo L, Razafindratsimandresy R, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Gouandjika-Valisache I, Horwood P, Duong V, Buchy P, Joffret ML, Huang Z, Duizer E, Martin J, Chakrabarti LA, Dussart P, Jouvenet N, Delpeyroux F, Bessaud M. Neutralization of African enterovirus A71 genogroups by antibodies to canonical genogroups. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 37909282 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a major public health problem, causing a range of illnesses from hand-foot-and-mouth disease to severe neurological manifestations. EV-A71 strains have been phylogenetically classified into eight genogroups (A to H), based on their capsid-coding genomic region. Genogroups B and C have caused large outbreaks worldwide and represent the two canonical circulating EV-A71 subtypes. Little is known about the antigenic diversity of new genogroups as compared to the canonical ones. Here, we compared the antigenic features of EV-A71 strains that belong to the canonical B and C genogroups and to genogroups E and F, which circulate in Africa. Analysis of the peptide sequences of EV-A71 strains belonging to different genogroups revealed a high level of conservation of the capsid residues involved in known linear and conformational neutralization antigenic sites. Using a published crystal structure of the EV-A71 capsid as a model, we found that most of the residues that are seemingly specific to some genogroups were mapped outside known antigenic sites or external loops. These observations suggest a cross-neutralization activity of anti-genogroup B or C antibodies against strains of genogroups E and F. Neutralization assays were performed with diverse rabbit and mouse anti-EV-A71 sera, anti-EV-A71 human standards and a monoclonal neutralizing antibody. All the batches of antibodies that were tested successfully neutralized all available isolates, indicating an overall broad cross-neutralization between the canonical genogroups B and C and genogroups E and F. A panel constituted of more than 80 individual human serum samples from Cambodia with neutralizing antibodies against EV-A71 subgenogroup C4 showed quite similar cross-neutralization activities between isolates of genogroups C4, E and F. Our results thus indicate that the genetic drift underlying the separation of EV-A71 strains into genogroups A, B, C, E and F does not correlate with the emergence of antigenically distinct variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Volle
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
- Present address: Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lingjie Luo
- Present address: Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, PR China
- Institut Pasteur, Control of Chronic Viral Infections (CIVIC) Group, Virus and Immunity Unit, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba
- Present address: Maryland Department of Agriculture, Salisbury Animal Health Laboratory, Salisbury, USA
- Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Paul Horwood
- Present address: James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Veasna Duong
- Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Marie-Line Joffret
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Zhong Huang
- Present address: Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Institut Pasteur of Shanghai - Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Erwin Duizer
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Javier Martin
- National Institute for Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC), Potters Bar, UK
| | - Lisa A Chakrabarti
- Institut Pasteur, Control of Chronic Viral Infections (CIVIC) Group, Virus and Immunity Unit, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | | | - Nolwenn Jouvenet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
| | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 3569, Virus Sensing and Signaling Unit, Paris, France
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2
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Song J, Lu H, Ma L, Zhu S, Yan D, Han J, Zhang Y. Molecular Characteristics of Enterovirus B83 Strain Isolated from a Patient with Acute Viral Myocarditis and Global Transmission Dynamics. Viruses 2023; 15:1360. [PMID: 37376658 DOI: 10.3390/v15061360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study determined the global genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of enterovirus B83 (EV-B83) and proposed future disease surveillance directions. Blood samples were collected from a patient with viral myocarditis, and viral isolation was performed. The complete genome sequence of the viral isolate was obtained using Sanger sequencing. A dataset of 15 sequences (from three continents) that had sufficient time signals for Bayesian phylogenetic analysis was set up, and the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of global EV-B83 were analyzed using bioinformatics methods, including evolutionary dynamics, recombination event analysis, and phylogeographic analysis. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of an EV-B83 strain (S17/YN/CHN/2004) isolated from a patient with acute viral myocarditis in Yunnan Province, China. All 15 EV-B83 strains clustered together in a phylogenetic tree, confirming the classification of these isolates as a single EV type, and the predicted time for the most recent common ancestor appeared in 1998. Recombinant signals were detected in the 5'-untranslated region and 2A-3D coding regions of the S17 genome. The phylogeographic analysis revealed multiple intercontinental transmission routes of EV-B83. This study indicates that EV-B83 is globally distributed. Our findings add to the publicly available EV-B83 genomic sequence data and deepen our understanding of EV-B83 epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huanhuan Lu
- National Polio Laboratory and WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Yunnan Institute of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, No.5, Wenhua Road, Dali 671000, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- National Polio Laboratory and WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- National Polio Laboratory and WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- National Polio Laboratory and WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
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3
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Kinobe R, Wiyatno A, Artika IM, Safari D. Insight into the Enterovirus A71: A review. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2361. [PMID: 35510476 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 is a major causative pathogen of hand, foot and mouth disease. It has become a global public health threat, and is especially important for infants and young children in the Asian-Pacific countries. The enterovirus A71 is a non-enveloped virus of the Picornaviridae family having a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome of about 7.4 kb which encodes the structural and nonstructural proteins. Currently there are no US FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral therapy available against enterovirus A71 infection. Although enterovirus A71 vaccines have been licenced in China, clinically approved vaccines for widespread vaccination programs are lacking. Substantial progress has recently been achieved on understanding the structure and function of enterovirus A71 proteins together with information on the viral genetic diversity and geographic distribution. The present review is intended to provide an overview on our current understanding of the molecular biology and epidemiology of enterovirus A71 which will aid the development of vaccines, therapeutics and other control strategies so as to bolster the preparedness for future enterovirus A71 outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kinobe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ageng Wiyatno
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - I Made Artika
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia.,Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dodi Safari
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
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4
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Zhang J, Xu D, Liu H, Zhang M, Feng C, Cong S, Sun H, Yang Z, Ma S. Characterization of coxsackievirus A10 strains isolated from children with hand, foot, and mouth disease. J Med Virol 2021; 94:601-609. [PMID: 34387895 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a contagious disease that threatens the health of children under 5 years of age. Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) is one of the main pathogens of HFMD. Currently, preventive vaccines and specific therapeutic drugs are not available for CV-A10. In this study, a total of 327 stool specimens were collected from pediatric patients from 2009 to 2017 during HFMD surveillance, among which 14 CV-A10 strains could only be isolated from RD cells, but not from KMB17 and Vero cells. Through adaptive culture, two and 11 CV-A10 strains were recovered from Vero and KMB17 cell cultures, respectively. The growth of CV-A10 strains in Vero cells was better than that in KMB17 cells. The 14 CV-A10 strains belonged to the F genotype, and the nucleotides and amino acids of their complete genomes shared 92.6% - 96.3% and 98.4 - 98.9% identities, respectively. The different CV-A10 strains exhibited varying virulence in vivo, but had similar effects on tissue injury, with the hind limb muscles, kidneys, and lungs being severely affected. Additionally, the hind limb muscles had the highest viral loads. CV-A10 was found to exhibit strong tropism to muscle tissue. The results of this study are critical to developing vaccines against CV-A10 infections. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Danhan Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Changzeng Feng
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Shanri Cong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, 650118, PR China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, 650118, PR China
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5
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Genetic diversity and evolution of enterovirus A71 subgenogroup C1 from children with hand, foot, and mouth disease in Thailand. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2209-2216. [PMID: 34086143 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) can cause hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children and may be associated with severe neurological complications. There have been numerous reports of increased incidence of EV-A71 subgenogroup C1 (EV-A71 C1) infections associated with neurological diseases since the first occurrence in Germany in 2015. Here, we describe 11 full-length genome sequences of 2019 EV-A71 C1 strains isolated from HFMD patients in Thailand from 2019 to early 2020. The genetic evolution of 2019 EV-A71 C1 was traced in the outbreaks, and the emergence of multiple lineages was detected. Our results demonstrated that 2019 EV-A71 C1 from Thailand emerged through recombination between its nonstructural protein gene and those of other EV-A genotypes. Bayesian-based phylogenetic analysis showed that the 2019 EV-A71 C1 Thai strains share a common ancestor with variants in Europe (Denmark and France). The substitution rate for the 2019 EV-A71 C1 genome was estimated to be 4.38 × 10-3 substitutions/(site∙year-1) (95% highest posterior density interval: 3.84-4.94 × 10-3 substitutions/[site∙year-1]), approximating that observed between previous EV-A71 C1 outbreaks. These data are essential for understanding the evolution of EV-A C1 during the ongoing HFMD outbreak and may be relevant to disease outcomes in children worldwide.
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6
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Huang K, Zhang Y, Han Z, Zhou X, Song Y, Wang D, Zhu S, Yan D, Xu W, Xu W. Global Spread of the B5 Subgenotype EV-A71 and the Phylogeographical Analysis of Chinese Migration Events. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:475. [PMID: 33102246 PMCID: PMC7546772 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The subgenotype B5 of EV-A71 is a widely circulating subgenotype that frequently spreads across the globe. Several outbreaks have occurred in nations, such as Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Japan. Appearing first in Taiwan, China, the subgenotype has been frequently reported in mainland of China even though no outbreaks have been reported so far. The current study reconstructed the migration of the B5 subgenotype of EV-A71 in China via phylogeographical analysis. Furthermore, we investigated its population dynamics in order to draw more credible inferences. Following a dataset cleanup of B5 subgenotype of EV-A71, we detected earlier B5 subgenotypes of EV-A71 sequences that had been circulating in Malaysia and Singapore since the year 2000, which was before the 2003 outbreak that occurred in Sarawak. The Bayesian inference indicated that the most recent common ancestor of B5 subgenotype EV-A71 appeared in September, 1994 (1994.75). With respect to the overall prevalence, geographical reconstruction revealed that the B5 subgenotype EV-A71 originated singly from single-source cluster and subsequently developed several active lineages. Based on a large amount of data that was accumulated, we conclude that the appearance of the B5 subgenotype of EV-A71 in mainland of China was mainly due to multiple migrations from different origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Huang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenzhi Han
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhou
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Yang Song
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyan Wang
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangli Zhu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- WHO WPRO Regional Polio Reference Laboratory and National Laboratory for Poliomyelitis, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Biosafety, National Health Commission Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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7
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Phanthong S, Densumite J, Seesuay W, Thanongsaksrikul J, Teimoori S, Sookrung N, Poovorawan Y, Onvimala N, Guntapong R, Pattanapanyasat K, Chaicumpa W. Human Antibodies to VP4 Inhibit Replication of Enteroviruses Across Subgenotypes and Serotypes, and Enhance Host Innate Immunity. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:562768. [PMID: 33101238 PMCID: PMC7545151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.562768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a highly contagious disease that usually affects infants and young children (<5 years). HFMD outbreaks occur frequently in the Asia-Pacific region, and these outbreaks are associated with enormous healthcare and socioeconomic burden. There is currently no specific antiviral agent to treat HFMD and/or the severe complications that are frequently associated with the enterovirus of serotype EV71. Therefore, the development of a broadly effective and safe anti-enterovirus agent is an existential necessity. In this study, human single-chain antibodies (HuscFvs) specific to the EV71-internal capsid protein (VP4) were generated using phage display technology. VP4 specific-HuscFvs were linked to cell penetrating peptides to make them cell penetrable HuscFvs (transbodies), and readily accessible to the intracellular target. The transbodies, as well as the original HuscFvs that were tested, entered the enterovirus-infected cells, bound to intracellular VP4, and inhibited replication of EV71 across subgenotypes A, B, and C, and coxsackieviruses CVA16 and CVA6. The antibodies also enhanced the antiviral response of the virus-infected cells. Computerized simulation, indirect and competitive ELISAs, and experiments on cells infected with EV71 particles to which the VP4 and VP1-N-terminus were surface-exposed (i.e., A-particles that don’t require receptor binding for infection) indicated that the VP4 specific-antibodies inhibit virus replication by interfering with the VP4-N-terminus, which is important for membrane pore formation and virus genome release leading to less production of virus proteins, less infectious virions, and restoration of host innate immunity. The antibodies may inhibit polyprotein/intermediate protein processing and cause sterically strained configurations of the capsid pentamers, which impairs virus morphogenesis. These antibodies should be further investigated for application as a safe and broadly effective HFMD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siratcha Phanthong
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaslan Densumite
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Watee Seesuay
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jeeraphong Thanongsaksrikul
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Salma Teimoori
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nitat Sookrung
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napa Onvimala
- Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Ratigorn Guntapong
- Department of Medical Science, Ministry of Public Health, National Institute of Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Kovit Pattanapanyasat
- Biomedical Research Incubator Unit, Department of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Center of Research Excellence in Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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8
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Mandary MB, Masomian M, Ong SK, Poh CL. Characterization of Plaque Variants and the Involvement of Quasi-Species in a Population of EV-A71. Viruses 2020; 12:E651. [PMID: 32560288 PMCID: PMC7354493 DOI: 10.3390/v12060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral plaque morphologies in human cell lines are markers for growth capability and they have been used to assess the viral fitness and selection of attenuated mutants for live-attenuated vaccine development. In this study, we investigate whether the naturally occurring plaque size variation reflects the virulence of the variants of EV-A71. Variants of two different plaque sizes (big and small) from EV-A71 sub-genotype B4 strain 41 were characterized. The plaque variants displayed different in vitro growth kinetics compared to the parental wild type. The plaque variants showed specific mutations being present in each variant strain. The big plaque variants showed four mutations I97L, N104S, S246P and N282D in the VP1 while the small plaque variants showed I97T, N237T and T292A in the VP1. No other mutations were detected in the whole genome of the two variants. The variants showed stable homogenous small plaques and big plaques, respectively, when re-infected in rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and Vero cells. The parental strain showed faster growth kinetics and had higher viral RNA copy number than both the big and small plaque variants. Homology modelling shows that both plaque variants have differences in the structure of the VP1 protein due to the presence of unique spontaneous mutations found in each plaque variant This study suggests that the EV-A71 sub-genotype B4 strain 41 has at least two variants with different plaque morphologies. These differences were likely due to the presence of spontaneous mutations that are unique to each of the plaque variants. The ability to maintain the respective plaque morphology upon passaging indicates the presence of quasi-species in the parental population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiiha Bibi Mandary
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Malihe Masomian
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.B.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Seng-Kai Ong
- Department of Biological Science, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Chit Laa Poh
- Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor 47500, Malaysia; (M.B.M.); (M.M.)
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9
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Wang M, Yan J, Zhu L, Wang M, Liu L, Yu R, Chen M, Xun J, Zhang Y, Yi Z, Zhang S. The Establishment of Infectious Clone and Single Round Infectious Particles for Coxsackievirus A10. Virol Sin 2020; 35:426-435. [PMID: 32144688 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00198-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) is one of the major etiological agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease. There are no vaccine and antiviral drugs for controlling CVA10 infection. Reverse genetic tools for CVA10 will benefit its mechanistic study and development of vaccines and antivirals. Here, two infectious clones for the prototype and a Myc-tagged CVA10 were constructed. Viable CVA10 viruses were harvested by transfecting the viral mRNA into human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. Rescued CVA10 was further confirmed by next generation sequencing and characterized experimentally. We also constructed the vectors for CVA10 subgenomic replicon with luciferase reporter and viral capsid with EGFP reporter, respectively. Co-transfection of the viral replicon RNA and capsid expresser in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells led to the production of single round infectious particles (SRIPs). Based on CVA10 replicon RNA, SRIPs with either the enterovirus A71 (EVA71) capsid or the CVA10 capsid were generated. Infection by EVA71 SRIPs required SCARB2, while CVA10 SRIPs did not. Finally, we showed great improvement of the replicon activity and SRIPs production by insertion of a cis-active hammerhead ribozyme (HHRib) before the 5'-untranslated region (UTR). In summary, reverse genetic tools for prototype strain of CVA10, including both the infectious clone and the SRIPs system, were successfully established. These tools will facilitate the basic and translational study of CVA10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Liuyao Zhu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Lizhen Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jingna Xun
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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10
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Muslin C, Mac Kain A, Bessaud M, Blondel B, Delpeyroux F. Recombination in Enteroviruses, a Multi-Step Modular Evolutionary Process. Viruses 2019; 11:E859. [PMID: 31540135 PMCID: PMC6784155 DOI: 10.3390/v11090859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA recombination is a major driving force in the evolution and genetic architecture shaping of enteroviruses. In particular, intertypic recombination is implicated in the emergence of most pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses, which have caused numerous outbreaks of paralytic poliomyelitis worldwide. Recent experimental studies that relied on recombination cellular systems mimicking natural genetic exchanges between enteroviruses provided new insights into the molecular mechanisms of enterovirus recombination and enabled to define a new model of genetic plasticity for enteroviruses. Homologous intertypic recombinant enteroviruses that were observed in nature would be the final products of a multi-step process, during which precursor nonhomologous recombinant genomes are generated through an initial inter-genomic RNA recombination event and can then evolve into a diversity of fitter homologous recombinant genomes over subsequent intra-genomic rearrangements. Moreover, these experimental studies demonstrated that the enterovirus genome could be defined as a combination of genomic modules that can be preferentially exchanged through recombination, and enabled defining the boundaries of these recombination modules. These results provided the first experimental evidence supporting the theoretical model of enterovirus modular evolution previously elaborated from phylogenetic studies of circulating enterovirus strains. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of recombination in enteroviruses and presents a new evolutionary process that may apply to other RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Muslin
- One Health Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de las Américas, Quito EC170125, Pichincha, Ecuador.
| | - Alice Mac Kain
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Maël Bessaud
- Institut Pasteur, Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Bruno Blondel
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Enteric Viruses Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
- INSERM U994, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Francis Delpeyroux
- Institut Pasteur, Biology of Enteric Viruses Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
- INSERM U994, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, 75015 Paris, France.
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11
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Bian L, Gao F, Mao Q, Sun S, Wu X, Liu S, Yang X, Liang Z. Hand, foot, and mouth disease associated with coxsackievirus A10: more serious than it seems. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:233-242. [PMID: 30793637 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1585242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common viral childhood illness, that has been a severe public health concern worldwide, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. According to epidemiological data of HFMD during the past decade, the most prevalent causal viruses were enterovirus (EV)-A71, coxsackievirus (CV)-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10. The public health burden of CV-A10-related diseases has been underestimated as their incidence was lower than that of EV-A71 and CV-A16 in most HFMD outbreaks. However, cases of CV-A10 infection are more severe, and its genome is more variable, which has alerted the research community worldwide. Areas covered: In this paper, studies on the epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, clinical manifestations, molecular epidemiology, seroepidemiology, animal models of CV-A10, and vaccines and antiviral strategies against this genotype are reviewed. In addition, the genetic evolution of circulating strains was analyzed. Expert opinion: Multivalent vaccines against EV-A71, CV-A16, CV-A6, and CV-A10 should be a next-step HFMD vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Bian
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China.,b Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd , Wuhan , China
| | - Fan Gao
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Qunying Mao
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Shiyang Sun
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Xing Wu
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- b Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhenglun Liang
- a Division of Hepatitis Virus Vaccines , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , China
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