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Chen S, Liu F, Yang A, Shang K. For better or worse: crosstalk of parvovirus and host DNA damage response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324531. [PMID: 38464523 PMCID: PMC10920228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Parvoviruses are a group of non-enveloped DNA viruses that have a broad spectrum of natural infections, making them important in public health. NS1 is the largest and most complex non-structural protein in the parvovirus genome, which is indispensable in the life cycle of parvovirus and is closely related to viral replication, induction of host cell apoptosis, cycle arrest, DNA damage response (DDR), and other processes. Parvovirus activates and utilizes the DDR pathway to promote viral replication through NS1, thereby increasing pathogenicity to the host cells. Here, we review the latest progress of parvovirus in regulating host cell DDR during the parvovirus lifecycle and discuss the potential of cellular consequences of regulating the DDR pathway, targeting to provide the theoretical basis for further elucidation of the pathogenesis of parvovirus and development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songbiao Chen
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Aofei Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ke Shang
- Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Duan X, Xu M, Wang Y, Liu N, Wang X, Liu Y, Zhang W, Ma W, Ma L, Fan Y. Effect of miR-17 on Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide against transmissible gastroenteritis virus. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1360102. [PMID: 38444776 PMCID: PMC10912159 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1360102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) could cause diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and even death in piglets, miRNA played an important role in the interaction between virus and cell. The study aimed to investigate the impact of miR-17 on the polysaccharide of Polygonum Cillinerve (PCP) in combating TGEV. miR-17 was screened and transfection validation was performed by Real-time PCR. The function of miR-17 on PK15 cells infected with TGEV and treated with PCP was investigated by DCFH-DA loading probe, JC-1 staining and Hoechst fluorescence staining. Furthermore, the effect of miR-17 on PCP inhibiting TGEV replication and apoptosis signaling pathways during PCP against TGEV infection was measured through Real-time PCR and Western blot. The results showed that miR-17 mimic and inhibitor could be transferred into PK15 cells and the expression of miR-17 significantly increased and decreased respectively compared with miR-17 mimic and inhibitor (P < 0.05). A total 250 μg/mL of PCP could inhibit cells apoptosis after transfection with miR-17. PCP (250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL) significantly inhibited the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential induced by TGEV after transfection with miR-17 (P < 0.05). After transfection of miR-17 mimic, PCP at concentrations of 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL significantly promoted the mRNA expression of P53, cyt C and caspase 9 (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the replication of TGEV gRNA and gene N was significantly inhibited by PCP at concentrations of 250 μg/mL and 125 μg/mL after transfection of both miR-17 mimic and inhibitor (P < 0.05). PCP at 62.5 μg/mL significantly inhibited the replication of gene S following transfection with miR-17 inhibitor (P < 0.05). These results suggested that PCP could inhibit the replication of TGEV and apoptosis induced by TGEV by regulating miR-17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yunying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Nishang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingchen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lin Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Su X, Zhou H, Han Z, Xu F, Xiao B, Zhang J, Qi Q, Lin L, Zhang H, Li S, Yang B. Transcriptional Differential Analysis of Nitazoxanide-Mediated Anticanine Parvovirus Effect in F81 Cells. Viruses 2024; 16:282. [PMID: 38400057 PMCID: PMC10892128 DOI: 10.3390/v16020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a single-stranded DNA virus that can cause typical hemorrhagic enteritis, and it is one of the common canine lethal viruses. In previous studies, we screened the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s drug library and identified nitazoxanide (NTZ), which has anti-CPV capabilities. To investigate the potential antiviral mechanisms, we first reconfirmed the inhibitory effect of NTZ on the CPV by inoculating with different doses and treating for different lengths of time. Then, the differences in the transcription levels between the 0.1%-DMSO-treated virus group and the NTZ-treated virus group were detected using RNA-seq, and a total of 758 differential expression genes (DEGs) were finally identified. Further Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses of the DEGs revealed that these genes are involved in a variety of biological processes and/or signaling pathways, such as cell cycle, mitosis and cell proliferation and differentiation. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis further identified hub genes associated with cell cycle and division among the DEGs. In addition, the expression levels of some of the enriched genes were detected, which were consistent with the high-throughput sequencing results. Moreover, when the cell cycle was regulated with cell cycle checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor MK-8776 or Prexasertib HCl, both inhibitors inhibited the CPV. In summary, the transcriptome differential analysis results presented in this paper lay the foundation for further research on the molecular mechanism and potential targets of NTZ anti-CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Hongzhuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ziwei Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Fuzhou Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Qi Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Lulu Lin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Songping Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (X.S.); (H.Z.); (Z.H.); (F.X.); (B.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Q.); (L.L.); (H.Z.)
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Guterres A, Filho PNS, Moura-Neto V. Breaking Barriers: A Future Perspective on Glioblastoma Therapy with mRNA-Based Immunotherapies and Oncolytic Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:61. [PMID: 38250874 PMCID: PMC10818651 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of mRNA-based immunotherapies that leverage the genomes of oncolytic viruses holds significant promise in addressing glioblastoma (GBM), an exceptionally aggressive neurological tumor. We explore the significance of mRNA-based platforms in the area of immunotherapy, introducing an innovative approach to mitigate the risks associated with the use of live viruses in cancer treatment. The ability to customize oncolytic virus genome sequences enables researchers to precisely target specific cancer cells, either through viral genome segments containing structural proteins or through a combination of regions with oncolytic potential. This strategy may enhance treatment effectiveness while minimizing unintended impacts on non-cancerous cells. A notable case highlighted here pertains to advanced findings regarding the application of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in GBM treatment. ZIKV, a member of the family Flaviviridae, shows oncolytic properties against GBM, opening novel therapeutic avenues. We explore intensive investigations of glioblastoma stem cells, recognized as key drivers in GBM initiation, progression, and resistance to therapy. However, a comprehensive elucidation of ZIKV's underlying mechanisms is imperative to pave the way for ZIKV-based clinical trials targeting GBM patients. This investigation into harnessing the potential of oncolytic-virus genomes for mRNA-based immunotherapies underscores its noteworthy implications, potentially paving the way for a paradigm shift in cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandro Guterres
- Laboratório de Hantaviroses e Rickettsioses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Imunológica, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Bio-Manguinhos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro 20231-092, RJ, Brazil; (P.N.S.F.)
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-590, RJ, Brazil
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Desai N, Rana D, Pande S, Salave S, Giri J, Benival D, Kommineni N. "Bioinspired" Membrane-Coated Nanosystems in Cancer Theranostics: A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1677. [PMID: 37376125 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving precise cancer theranostics necessitates the rational design of smart nanosystems that ensure high biological safety and minimize non-specific interactions with normal tissues. In this regard, "bioinspired" membrane-coated nanosystems have emerged as a promising approach, providing a versatile platform for the development of next-generation smart nanosystems. This review article presents an in-depth investigation into the potential of these nanosystems for targeted cancer theranostics, encompassing key aspects such as cell membrane sources, isolation techniques, nanoparticle core selection, approaches for coating nanoparticle cores with the cell membrane, and characterization methods. Moreover, this review underscores strategies employed to enhance the multi-functionality of these nanosystems, including lipid insertion, membrane hybridization, metabolic engineering, and genetic modification. Additionally, the applications of these bioinspired nanosystems in cancer diagnosis and therapeutics are discussed, along with the recent advances in this field. Through a comprehensive exploration of membrane-coated nanosystems, this review provides valuable insights into their potential for precise cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimeet Desai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India
| | - Dhwani Rana
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Shreya Pande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India
| | - Sagar Salave
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
| | - Jyotsnendu Giri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi 502285, India
| | - Derajram Benival
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, India
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Xie Q, Wang J, Gu C, Wu J, Liu W. Structure and function of the parvoviral NS1 protein: a review. Virus Genes 2023; 59:195-203. [PMID: 36253516 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-022-01944-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Parvoviruses possess a single-stranded DNA genome of about 5 kb, which contains two open reading frames (ORFs), one encoding nonstructural (NS) proteins, the other capsid proteins. The NS1 protein contains an N-terminal origin-binding domain, a helicase domain, and a C-terminal transactive domain, and is essential for effective viral replication and production of infectious virus. We first summarize the developments in the structure of NS1 protein, including the original binding domain and the helicase domain. We discuss the role of different DNA substrates in the oligomerization of these two domains of NS1. During the parvovirus life cycle, the NS1 protein is closely related to the viral gene expression, viral replication, and infection. We provide the current understanding of the impact of parvovirus NS1 protein mutations on its biological properties. Overall, in this review, we focus on the structure and function of the parvoviral NS1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jigui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenchen Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Hauswirth P, Graber P, Buczak K, Mancuso RV, Schenk SH, Nüesch JPF, Huwyler J. Design and Characterization of Mutated Variants of the Oncotoxic Parvoviral Protein NS1. Viruses 2023; 15:209. [PMID: 36680249 PMCID: PMC9866090 DOI: 10.3390/v15010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncotoxic proteins such as the non-structural protein 1 (NS1), a constituent of the rodent parvovirus H1 (H1-PV), offer a novel approach for treatment of tumors that are refractory to other treatments. In the present study, mutated NS1 variants were designed and tested with respect to their oncotoxic potential in human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. We introduced single point mutations of previously described important residues of the wild-type NS1 protein and a deletion of 114 base pairs localized within the N-terminal domain of NS1. Cell-viability screening with HepG2 and Hep3B hepatocarcinoma cells transfected with the constructed NS1-mutants led to identification of the single-amino acid NS1-mutant NS1-T585E, which led to a 30% decrease in cell viability as compared to NS1 wildtype. Using proteomics analysis, we could identify new interaction partners and signaling pathways of NS1. We could thus identify new oncotoxic NS1 variants and gain insight into the modes of action of NS1, which is exclusively toxic to human cancer cells. Our in-vitro studies provide mechanistic explanations for the observed oncolytic effects. Expression of NS1 variants had no effect on cell viability in NS1 unresponsive control HepG2 cells or primary mouse hepatocytes. The availability of new NS1 variants in combination with a better understanding of their modes of action offers new possibilities for the design of innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hauswirth
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Graber
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Buczak
- Proteomics Core Facility, Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Vincenzo Mancuso
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Heidi Schenk
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg P. F. Nüesch
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Huwyler
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Mattola S, Mäntylä E, Aho V, Salminen S, Leclerc S, Oittinen M, Salokas K, Järvensivu J, Hakanen S, Ihalainen TO, Viiri K, Vihinen-Ranta M. G2/M checkpoint regulation and apoptosis facilitate the nuclear egress of parvoviral capsids. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1070599. [PMID: 36568985 PMCID: PMC9773396 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1070599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear export factor CRM1-mediated pathway is known to be important for the nuclear egress of progeny parvovirus capsids in the host cells with virus-mediated cell cycle arrest at G2/M. However, it is still unclear whether this is the only pathway by which capsids exit the nucleus. Our studies show that the nuclear egress of DNA-containing full canine parvovirus. capsids was reduced but not fully inhibited when CRM1-mediated nuclear export was prevented by leptomycin B. This suggests that canine parvovirus capsids might use additional routes for nuclear escape. This hypothesis was further supported by our findings that nuclear envelope (NE) permeability was increased at the late stages of infection. Inhibitors of cell cycle regulatory protein cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) and pro-apoptotic caspase 3 prevented the NE leakage. The change in NE permeability could be explained by the regulation of the G2/M checkpoint which is accompanied by early mitotic and apoptotic events. The model of G2/M checkpoint activation was supported by infection-induced nuclear accumulation of cyclin B1 and Cdk1. Both NE permeability and nuclear egress of capsids were reduced by the inhibition of Cdk1. Additional proof of checkpoint function regulation and promotion of apoptotic events was the nucleocytoplasmic redistribution of nuclear transport factors, importins, and Ran, in late infection. Consistent with our findings, post-translational histone acetylation that promotes the regulation of several genes related to cell cycle transition and arrest was detected. In conclusion, the model we propose implies that parvoviral capsid egress partially depends on infection-induced G2/M checkpoint regulation involving early mitotic and apoptotic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salla Mattola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Elina Mäntylä
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa Aho
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Sami Salminen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Simon Leclerc
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Mikko Oittinen
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Salokas
- Institute of Biotechnology and Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jani Järvensivu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Satu Hakanen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Teemu O Ihalainen
- BioMediTech, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Keijo Viiri
- Celiac Disease Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland,*Correspondence: Maija Vihinen-Ranta,
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Mulcrone PL, Herzog RW, Xiao W. Adding recombinant AAVs to the cancer therapeutics mix. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 27:73-88. [PMID: 36321134 PMCID: PMC9588955 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a powerful biological tool that is reshaping therapeutic landscapes for several diseases. Researchers are using both non-viral and viral-based gene therapy methods with success in the lab and the clinic. In the cancer biology field, gene therapies are expanding treatment options and the possibility of favorable outcomes for patients. While cellular immunotherapies and oncolytic virotherapies have paved the way in cancer treatments based on genetic engineering, recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV), a viral-based module, is also emerging as a potential cancer therapeutic through its malleability, specificity, and broad application to common as well as rare tumor types, tumor microenvironments, and metastatic disease. A wide range of AAV serotypes, promoters, and transgenes have been successful at reducing tumor growth and burden in preclinical studies, suggesting more groundbreaking advances using rAAVs in cancer are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Mulcrone
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Roland W. Herzog
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Corresponding author Weidong Xiao, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Ferreira T, Kulkarni A, Bretscher C, Nazarov PV, Hossain JA, Ystaas LAR, Miletic H, Röth R, Niesler B, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Hijacks Galectin-1 to Enter Cancer Cells. Viruses 2022; 14:1018. [PMID: 35632759 PMCID: PMC9146882 DOI: 10.3390/v14051018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies in glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma patients strongly support the further development of H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV)-based anticancer therapies. The identification of cellular factors involved in the H-1PV life cycle may provide the knowledge to improve H-1PV anticancer potential. Recently, we showed that sialylated laminins mediate H-1PV attachment at the cell membrane. In this study, we revealed that H-1PV also interacts at the cell surface with galectin-1 and uses this glycoprotein to enter cancer cells. Indeed, knockdown/out of LGALS1, the gene encoding galectin-1, strongly decreases the ability of H-1PV to infect and kill cancer cells. This ability is rescued by the re-introduction of LGALS1 into cancer cells. Pre-treatment with lactose, which is able to bind to galectins and modulate their cellular functions, decreased H-1PV infectivity in a dose dependent manner. In silico analysis reveals that LGALS1 is overexpressed in various tumours including glioblastoma and pancreatic carcinoma. We show by immunohistochemistry analysis of 122 glioblastoma biopsies that galectin-1 protein levels vary between tumours, with levels in recurrent glioblastoma higher than those in primary tumours or normal tissues. We also find a direct correlation between LGALS1 transcript levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 53 cancer cell lines from different tumour origins. Strikingly, the addition of purified galectin-1 sensitises poorly susceptible GBM cell lines to H-1PV killing activity by rescuing cell entry. Together, these findings demonstrate that galectin-1 is a crucial determinant of the H-1PV life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Petr V. Nazarov
- Bioinformatics Platform and Multiomics Data Science Research Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Jubayer A. Hossain
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Lars A. R. Ystaas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway; (J.A.H.); (L.A.R.Y.); (H.M.)
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Ralph Röth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.R.); (B.N.)
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (R.R.); (B.N.)
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
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11
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T598 and T601 phosphorylation sites of canine parvovirus NS1 are crucial for viral replication and pathogenicity. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109301. [PMID: 34915313 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is an important pathogen causing severe diseases in dogs and other wild carnivores. Phosphorylation of NS1 may be related to CPV-2 pathogenicity, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Here, we conducted parvovirus disease surveillance in Shaanxi Province of China and 51 fecal swabs were detected to be infected with CPV-2. The 7 CPV-2 strains were identified, all of which belonged to CPV-2c. The complete genome sequence of one of the strains (CPV-2c XY) was cloned into pKQLL plasmid to construct a full-length infectious clone plasmid pX-CPV-2c, which carried a genetic marker. The plasmid pX-CPV-2c was transfected into F81 cells for virus rescue. And the rescued virus, which was designed as X-CPV-2c, showed the similar biological property to parental CPV-2c XY in vitro and in vivo. We further constructed four NS1 phosphorylation site mutant strains (X-CPV-2cT584A, X-CPV-2cS592A, X-CPV-2cT598A/T601A and X-CPV-2cT617A) on the basis of X-CPV-2c. After the analysis and comparison of biological characteristics, the low pathogenic strain X-CPV-2cT598A/T601A was further screened out, which emphasized the importance of phosphorylation sites 598 T/601 T for the pathogenicity of CPV-2. Overall, our data indicated that T598 and T601, the C-terminal phosphorylation site of CPV-2 NS1, play important roles in viral pathogenicity and laid the foundation for the development of new attenuated live vaccine vectors.
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12
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Galibert L, Hyvönen A, Eriksson RAE, Mattola S, Aho V, Salminen S, Albers JD, Peltola SK, Weman S, Nieminen T, Ylä-Herttuala S, Lesch HP, Vihinen-Ranta M, Airenne KJ. Functional roles of the membrane-associated AAV protein MAAP. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21698. [PMID: 34737404 PMCID: PMC8568889 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
With a limited coding capacity of 4.7 kb, adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome has evolved over-lapping genes to maximise the usage of its genome. An example is the recently found ORF in the cap gene, encoding membrane-associated accessory protein (MAAP), located in the same genomic region as the VP1/2 unique domain, but in a different reading frame. This 13 KDa protein, unique to the dependovirus genus, is not homologous to any known protein. Our studies confirm that MAAP translation initiates from the first CTG codon found in the VP1 ORF2. We have further observed MAAP localised in the plasma membrane, in the membranous structures in close proximity to the nucleus and to the nuclear envelope by co-transfecting with plasmids encoding the wild-type AAV (wt-AAV) genome and adenovirus (Ad) helper genes. While keeping VP1/2 protein sequence identical, both inactivation and truncation of MAAP translation affected the emergence and intracellular distribution of the AAV capsid proteins. We have demonstrated that MAAP facilitates AAV replication and has a role in controlling Ad infection. Additionally, we were able to improve virus production and capsid integrity through a C-terminal truncation of MAAP while other modifications led to increased packaging of contaminating, non-viral DNA. Our results show that MAAP plays a significant role in AAV infection, with profound implications for the production of therapeutic AAV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amira Hyvönen
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.511728.8FinVector, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Reetta A. E. Eriksson
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Salla Mattola
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vesa Aho
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sami Salminen
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | | | | | - Saija Weman
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tiina Nieminen
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.9668.10000 0001 0726 2490A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XGene Therapy Unit and Research Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna P. Lesch
- Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maija Vihinen-Ranta
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
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13
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Pan X, Zhou Y, Duan X, Cui J, Liu J, Song X, Ma W, Zhang W, Liu Y, Fan Y. The inhibitory effect Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide on transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine. Res Vet Sci 2021; 140:47-55. [PMID: 34399280 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine (TGEV) is one kind of the main pathogens causing viral diarrhea in pig. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Polygonum Cillinerve polysaccharide (PCP) on TGEV was studied. Firstly, MTT method was used to measure the cell viability of PCP. Then Hoechst 33258 fluorescence staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI fluorescence staining, real-time PCR and western blot were used to explore the effect of PCP on inhibiting TGEV. The results showed that PCP could significantly reduce the apoptosis rate induced by TGEV, reduce the expression of ROS, reduce TGEV replication, increase the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax genes, increase the expression of Bcl-2 protein, decreased the expression of Cyto c protein, and reduce the amount of cleaved caspase 3. Therefore, PCP had the better inhibitory effect on TGEV, which provided a certain theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of TGEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxue Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xueqin Duan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jing Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Wuren Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Weimin Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yingqiu Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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14
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Dai X, Zhang X, Miao Y, Han P, Zhang J. Canine parvovirus induces G1/S cell cycle arrest that involves EGFR Tyr1086 phosphorylation. Virulence 2021; 11:1203-1214. [PMID: 32877289 PMCID: PMC7549965 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1814091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been used in cancer control as a drug delivery vehicle or anti-tumor reagent due to its multiple natural advantages. However, potential host cell cycle arrest induced by virus infection may impose a big challenge to CPV associated cancer control as it could prevent host cancer cells from undergoing cell lysis and foster them regain viability once the virotherapy was ceased. To explore CPV-induced cell cycle arrest and the underlying mechanism toward improved virotherapeutic design, we focus on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a cellular receptor interacting with TfR that mediates CPV-host interactions, and alterations on its tyrosine phosphorylation sites in response to CPV infection. We found that CPV could trigger host G1/S cell cycle arrest via the EGFR (Y1086)/p27 and EGFR (Y1068)/STAT3/cyclin D1 axes, and EGFR inhibitor could not reverse this process. Our results contribute to our understandings on the mechanism of CPV-induced host cellular response and can be used in the onco-therapeutic design utilizing CPV by preventing host cancer cells from entering cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Xuanhao Zhang
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, China
| | | | - Peiyu Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Henan Academy of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso , El Paso, TX, USA
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15
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Huo X, Hou D, Wang H, He B, Fang J, Meng Y, Liu L, Wei Z, Wang Z, Liu FW. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity of novel oxizine fused benzimidazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113684. [PMID: 34256126 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes serious lower respiratory tract infections. Currently, the only clinical anti-RSV drug is ribavirin, but ribavirin has serious toxic side effect and can only be used by critically ill patients. A series of benzimidazole derivatives were synthesized starting from 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-d-fructose and a variety of o-phenylenediamines. Evaluation of their antiviral activity showed that compound a27 had the highest antiviral activity with a half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 9.49 μM. Investigation of the antiviral mechanism of compound a27 indicated that it can inhibit the replication of RSV by inhibiting apoptosis and autophagy pathways. Retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I, TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF)-3, TANK binding kinase (TBK)-1, interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3, nuclear factor Kappa-B (NF-κB), interferon (IFN)-β, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-3, interleukin (IL)-6 were suppressed at the cellular level. Mouse lung tissue was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemistry, which showed that RSV antigen and M gene expression could be reduced by compound a27. Decreased expression of RIG-I, IRF-3, IFN-β, TLR-3, IL-6, interleukin (IL)-8, interleukin (IL)-10, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was also found in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Huo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Duoduo Hou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jieyu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yao Meng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Luyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhanyong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Feng-Wu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of "Runliang" Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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16
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Kulkarni A, Ferreira T, Bretscher C, Grewenig A, El-Andaloussi N, Bonifati S, Marttila T, Palissot V, Hossain JA, Azuaje F, Miletic H, Ystaas LAR, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP, Roeth R, Niesler B, Weiss A, Brino L, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 parvovirus binds to sialic acid on laminins for cell attachment and entry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3834. [PMID: 34158478 PMCID: PMC8219832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) is a promising anticancer therapy. However, in-depth understanding of its life cycle, including the host cell factors needed for infectivity and oncolysis, is lacking. This understanding may guide the rational design of combination strategies, aid development of more effective viruses, and help identify biomarkers of susceptibility to H-1PV treatment. To identify the host cell factors involved, we carry out siRNA library screening using a druggable genome library. We identify one crucial modulator of H-1PV infection: laminin γ1 (LAMC1). Using loss- and gain-of-function studies, competition experiments, and ELISA, we validate LAMC1 and laminin family members as being essential to H-1PV cell attachment and entry. H-1PV binding to laminins is dependent on their sialic acid moieties and is inhibited by heparin. We show that laminins are differentially expressed in various tumour entities, including glioblastoma. We confirm the expression pattern of laminin γ1 in glioblastoma biopsies by immunohistochemistry. We also provide evidence of a direct correlation between LAMC1 expression levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 59 cancer cell lines and in 3D organotypic spheroid cultures with different sensitivities to H-1PV infection. These results support the idea that tumours with elevated levels of γ1 containing laminins are more susceptible to H-1PV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annabel Grewenig
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nazim El-Andaloussi
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Lonza Cologne GmbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Serena Bonifati
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tiina Marttila
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Valérie Palissot
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jubayer A Hossain
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Genomics England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A R Ystaas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ralf Roeth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amélie Weiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Brino
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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17
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Chianese A, Santella B, Ambrosino A, Stelitano D, Rinaldi L, Galdiero M, Zannella C, Franci G. Oncolytic Viruses in Combination Therapeutic Approaches with Epigenetic Modulators: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112761. [PMID: 34199429 PMCID: PMC8199618 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer rates have been accelerating significantly in recent years. Despite notable advances having been made in cancer therapy, and numerous studies being currently conducted in clinical trials, research is always looking for new treatment. Novel and promising anticancer therapies comprise combinations of oncolytic viruses and epigenetic modulators, including chromatin modifiers, such as DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylases, and microRNA. Combinatorial treatments have several advantages: they enhance viral entry, replication, and spread between proximal cells and, moreover, they strengthen the immune response. In this review we summarize the main combination of therapeutic approaches, giving an insight into past, present, and future perspectives. Abstract According to the World Cancer Report, cancer rates have been increased by 50% with 15 million new cases in the year 2020. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the only one of the most common tumors to cause a huge increase in mortality with a survival rate between 40% and 70% at 5 years, due to the high relapse and limitations associated with current therapies. Despite great progress in medicine, oncological research is always looking for new therapies: different technologies have been evaluated in clinical trials and others have been already used in clinics. Among them, oncolytic virotherapy represents a therapeutic option with a widespread possibility of approaches and applications. Oncolytic viruses are naturally occurring, or are engineered, viruses characterized by the unique features of preferentially infecting, replicating, and lysing malignant tumor cells, as well as activating the immune response. The combination of oncolytic virotherapy and chemical drugs are arousing great interest in the tumor treatment. In this scenario, novel and promising anticancer therapies comprise combinations of oncolytic viruses and epigenetic modulators or inhibitors of the signalling pathways. Combination treatments are required to improve the immune response and allow viral entry, replication, and diffusion between proximal cells. In this review, we summarize all combination therapies associated with virotherapy, including co-administered inhibitors of chromatin modifiers (combination strategies) and inserted target sites for miRNAs (recombination or arming strategies).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chianese
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Biagio Santella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Ambrosino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Debora Stelitano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carla Zannella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (A.A.); (D.S.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.Z.); (G.F.)
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Arora R, Malla WA, Tyagi A, Mahajan S, Sajjanar B, Tiwari AK. Canine Parvovirus and Its Non-Structural Gene 1 as Oncolytic Agents: Mechanism of Action and Induction of Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648873. [PMID: 34012915 PMCID: PMC8127782 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The exploration into the strategies for the prevention and treatment of cancer is far from complete. Apart from humans, cancer has gained considerable importance in animals because of increased awareness towards animal health and welfare. Current cancer treatment regimens are less specific towards tumor cells and end up harming normal healthy cells. Thus, a highly specific therapeutic strategy with minimal side effects is the need of the hour. Oncolytic viral gene therapy is one such specific approach to target cancer cells without affecting the normal cells of the body. Canine parvovirus (CPV) is an oncolytic virus that specifically targets and kills cancer cells by causing DNA damage, caspase activation, and mitochondrial damage. Non-structural gene 1 (NS1) of CPV, involved in viral DNA replication is a key mediator of cytotoxicity of CPV and can selectively cause tumor cell lysis. In this review, we discuss the oncolytic properties of Canine Parvovirus (CPV or CPV2), the structure of the NS1 protein, the mechanism of oncolytic action as well as role in inducing an antitumor immune response in different tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richa Arora
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Waseem Akram Malla
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Arpit Tyagi
- GB Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, India
| | - Sonalika Mahajan
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Basavaraj Sajjanar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Division of Biological Standardisation, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.,ICAR - Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, India
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19
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Viral Proteins as Emerging Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092199. [PMID: 34063663 PMCID: PMC8125098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This review is focused on enlisting viral proteins from different host sources, irrespective of their origin, that may act as future cancer curatives. Unlike the viral proteins that are responsible for tumor progression, these newly emerged viral proteins function as tumor suppressors. Their ability to regulate various cell signaling mechanisms specifically in cancer cells makes them interesting candidates to explore their use in cancer therapy. The discussion about such viral components may provide new insights into cancer treatment in the absence of any adverse effects to normal cells. The study also highlights avian viral proteins as a substitute to human oncolytic viruses for their ability to evade pre-existing immunity. Abstract Viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites that originated millions of years ago. Viral elements cover almost half of the human genome sequence and have evolved as genetic blueprints in humans. They have existed as endosymbionts as they are largely dependent on host cell metabolism. Viral proteins are known to regulate different mechanisms in the host cells by hijacking cellular metabolism to benefit viral replication. Amicable viral proteins, on the other hand, from several viruses can participate in mediating growth retardation of cancer cells based on genetic abnormalities while sparing normal cells. These proteins exert discreet yet converging pathways to regulate events like cell cycle and apoptosis in human cancer cells. This property of viral proteins could be harnessed for their use in cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss viral proteins from different sources as potential anticancer therapeutics.
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20
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Non-viral gene delivery of the oncotoxic protein NS1 for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Control Release 2021; 334:138-152. [PMID: 33894304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is related to increasing incidence rates and poor clinical outcomes due to lack of efficient treatment options and emerging resistance mechanisms. The aim of the present study is to exploit a non-viral gene therapy enabling the expression of the parvovirus-derived oncotoxic protein NS1 in HCC. This anticancer protein interacts with different cellular kinases mediating a multimodal host-cell death. Lipoplexes (LPX) designed to deliver a DNA expression plasmid encoding NS1 are characterized using a comprehensive set of in vitro assays. The mechanisms of cell death induction are assessed and phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is identified as a potential predictive biomarker for a NS1-LPX-based gene therapy. In an HCC xenograft mouse model, NS1-LPX therapeutic approach results in a significant reduction in tumor growth and extended survival. Data provide convincing evidence for future studies using a targeted NS1 gene therapy for PDK1 overexpressing HCC.
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21
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Jain A, Sharma PC. Occurrence and distribution of compound microsatellites in the genomes of three economically important virus families. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 92:104853. [PMID: 33839312 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellites are nonrandom hypervariable iterations of one to six nucleotides, existing across the coding as well as noncoding regions of virtually all known genomes, arising primarily due to polymerase slippage and unequal crossing over during replication events. Two or more perfect microsatellites located in close proximity form compound microsatellites. We studied the distribution of compound microsatellites in 118 ssDNA virus genomes belonging to three economically important virus families, namely Anelloviridae, Circoviridae, and Parvoviridae, known to predominantly infect livestock and humans. Among these virus families, 0-58.49% of perfect microsatellites were involved in the formation of compound microsatellites, the majority being located in the coding regions. No clear relationship existed between the genomic features (genome size and GC%) and compound microsatellite characteristics (relative abundance and relative density). The majority of the compound microsatellites resulted from di-SSR couples. A strong positive relationship was observed between the maximum distance value and length of compound microsatellite, percentage of microsatellites involved in the compound microsatellite formation, and relative microsatellite density. The degree of variability among microsatellite characteristics studied was largely a species-specific phenomenon. A major proportion of compound microsatellites was represented by similar motif combinations. The findings of the present study will help in better understanding of the structural, functional, and evolutionary role of compound microsatellites prevailing in the smaller genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Jain
- Merck Life Science Pvt. Ltd, Sector-17, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakash C Sharma
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Dwarka Sector-16 C, New Delhi 11078, India.
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22
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Emanuele Liardo RL, Borzì AM, Spatola C, Martino B, Privitera G, Basile F, Biondi A, Vacante M. Effects of infections on the pathogenesis of cancer. Indian J Med Res 2021; 153:431-445. [PMID: 34380789 PMCID: PMC8354054 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_339_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown an inverse relationship between acute infections and cancer development. On the other hand, there is a growing evidence that chronic infections may contribute significantly to the carcinogenesis. Factors responsible for increased susceptibility to infections may include modifications of normal defence mechanisms or impairment of host immunity due to altered immune function, genetic polymorphisms, ageing and malnourishment. Studies have demonstrated that children exposed to febrile infectious diseases show a subsequent reduced risk for ovarian cancer, melanoma and many other cancers, while common acute infections in adults are associated with reduced risks for melanoma, glioma, meningioma and multiple cancers. Chronic inflammation associated with certain infectious diseases has been suggested as a cause for the development of tumours. Mechanisms of carcinogenesis due to infections include cell proliferation and DNA replication by mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, production of toxins that affect the cell cycle and lead to abnormal cell growth and inhibition of apoptosis. This review was aimed to summarize the available evidence on acute infections as a means of cancer prevention and on the role of chronic infections in the development and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Luca Emanuele Liardo
- Radiodiagnostic & Oncological Radiotherapy Unit, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco’ Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Borzì
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Corrado Spatola
- Radiodiagnostic & Oncological Radiotherapy Unit, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco’ Catania, Italy
| | - Barbara Martino
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Privitera
- Radiodiagnostic & Oncological Radiotherapy Unit, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco’ Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Basile
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery & Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, ‘Policlinico G. Rodolico – San Marco‘ Catania, Italy
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23
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Ferreira T, Kulkarni A, Bretscher C, Richter K, Ehrlich M, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 Parvovirus Enters Cancer Cells through Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101199. [PMID: 33096814 PMCID: PMC7594094 DOI: 10.3390/v12101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV) is a self-propagating virus that is non-pathogenic in humans and has oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities. H-1PV is the first member of the Parvoviridae family to undergo clinical testing as an anticancer agent. Results from clinical trials in patients with glioblastoma or pancreatic carcinoma show that virus treatment is safe, well-tolerated and associated with first signs of efficacy. Characterisation of the H-1PV life cycle may help to improve its efficacy and clinical outcome. In this study, we investigated the entry route of H-1PV in cervical carcinoma HeLa and glioma NCH125 cell lines. Using electron and confocal microscopy, we detected H-1PV particles within clathrin-coated pits and vesicles, providing evidence that the virus uses clathrin-mediated endocytosis for cell entry. In agreement with these results, we found that blocking clathrin-mediated endocytosis using specific inhibitors or small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of its key regulator, AP2M1, markedly reduced H-1PV entry. By contrast, we found no evidence of viral entry through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. We also show that H-1PV entry is dependent on dynamin, while viral trafficking occurs from early to late endosomes, with acidic pH necessary for a productive infection. This is the first study that characterises the cell entry pathways of oncolytic H-1PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
| | - Karsten Richter
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction and Membrane Biology, The Shumins School for Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel;
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Centre, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.F.); (C.B.)
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +49-6221-424969 or +352-26-970-856
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24
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Altinli M, Lequime S, Atyame C, Justy F, Weill M, Sicard M. Wolbachia modulates prevalence and viral load of Culex pipiens densoviruses in natural populations. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4000-4013. [PMID: 32854141 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of standard mosquito control strategies calls for ecologically safe novel approaches, for example the use of biological agents such as the endosymbiotic α-proteobacteria Wolbachia or insect-specific viruses (ISVs). Understanding the ecological interactions between these "biocontrol endosymbionts" is thus a fundamental step. Wolbachia are transmitted vertically from mother to offspring and modify their hosts' phenotypes, including reproduction (e.g., cytoplasmic incompatibility) and survival (e.g., viral interference). In nature, Culex pipiens (sensu lato) mosquitoes are always found infected with genetically diverse Wolbachia called wPip that belong to five phylogenetic groups. In recent years, ISVs have also been discovered in these mosquito species, although their interactions with Wolbachia in nature are unknown. Here, we studied the interactions between a widely prevalent ISV, the Culex pipiens densovirus (CpDV, Densovirinae), and Wolbachia in northern Tunisian C. pipiens populations. We showed an influence of different Wolbachia groups on CpDV prevalence and a general positive correlation between Wolbachia and CpDV loads. By investigating the putative relationship between CpDV diversification and wPip groups in the different sites, we detected a signal linked to wPip groups in CpDV phylogeny in sites where all larvae were infected by the same wPip group. However, no such signal was detected where the wPip groups coexisted, suggesting CpDV horizontal transfer between hosts. Overall, our results provide good evidence for an ecological influence of Wolbachia on an ISV, CpDV, in natural populations and highlight the importance of integrating Wolbachia in our understanding of ISV ecology in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Altinli
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France.,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Infection research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lequime
- Cluster of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Celestine Atyame
- Ile de La Réunion, Université de La Réunion, UMR PIMIT (Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical) CNRS 9192, INSERM U1187, IRD 249, Sainte-Clotilde, France
| | - Fabienne Justy
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Mylene Weill
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Mathieu Sicard
- ISEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier, France
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25
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Niesler N, Arndt J, Silberreis K, Fuchs H. Generation of a soluble and stable apoptin-EGF fusion protein, a targeted viral protein applicable for tumor therapy. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 175:105687. [PMID: 32681952 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A promising candidate for tumor targeted toxins is the chicken anemia-derived protein apoptin that induces tumor-specific apoptosis. It was aimed to design a novel apoptin-based targeted toxin by genetic fusion of apoptin with the tumor-directed ligand epidermal growth factor (EGF) using Escherichia coli as expression host. However, apoptin is highly hydrophobic and tends to form insoluble aggregates. Therefore, three different apoptin-EGF variants were generated. The fusion protein hexa-histidine (His)-apoptin-EGF (HAE) was expressed in E. coli and purified under denaturing conditions due to inclusion bodies. The protein solubility was improved by maltose-binding protein (MBP) or glutathione S-transferase. The protein MBP-apoptin-EGFHis (MAEH) was found favorable as a targeted toxin regarding final yield (4-6 mg/L) and stability. MBP was enzymatically removed using clotting factor Xa, which resulted in low yield and poor separation. MAEH was tested on target and non-target cell lines. The targeted tumor cell line A431 showed significant toxicity with an IC50 of 69.55 nM upon incubation with MAEH while fibroblasts and target receptor-free cells remained unaffected. Here we designed a novel EGF receptor targeting drug with high yield, purity and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Niesler
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Arndt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kim Silberreis
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Fuchs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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26
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Hartley A, Kavishwar G, Salvato I, Marchini A. A Roadmap for the Success of Oncolytic Parvovirus-Based Anticancer Therapies. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:537-557. [PMID: 32600158 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-012220-023606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous rodent protoparvoviruses (PVs) are promising anticancer agents due to their excellent safety profile, natural oncotropism, and oncosuppressive activities. Viral infection can trigger immunogenic cell death, activating the immune system against the tumor. However, the efficacy of this treatment in recent clinical trials is moderate compared with results seen in preclinical work. Various strategies have been employed to improve the anticancer activities of oncolytic PVs, including development of second-generation parvoviruses with enhanced oncolytic and immunostimulatory activities and rational combination of PVs with other therapies. Understanding the cellular factors involved in the PV life cycle is another important area of investigation. Indeed, these studies may lead to the identification of biomarkers that would allow a more personalized use of PV-based therapies. This review focuses on this work and the challenges that still need to be overcome to move PVs forward into clinical practice as an effective therapeutic option for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hartley
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Gayatri Kavishwar
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Ilaria Salvato
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; .,Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
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27
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Cancer Treatment Goes Viral: Using Viral Proteins to Induce Tumour-Specific Cell Death. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121975. [PMID: 31817939 PMCID: PMC6966515 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death is a tightly regulated process which can be exploited in cancer treatment to drive the killing of the tumour. Several conventional cancer therapies including chemotherapeutic agents target pathways involved in cell death, yet they often fail due to the lack of selectivity they have for tumour cells over healthy cells. Over the past decade, research has demonstrated the existence of numerous proteins which have an intrinsic tumour-specific toxicity, several of which originate from viruses. These tumour-selective viral proteins, although from distinct backgrounds, have several similar and interesting properties. Though the mechanism(s) of action of these proteins are not fully understood, it is possible that they can manipulate several cell death modes in cancer exemplifying the intricate interplay between these pathways. This review will discuss our current knowledge on the topic and outstanding questions, as well as deliberate the potential for viral proteins to progress into the clinic as successful cancer therapeutics.
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28
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Viral Nonstructural Protein 1 Induces Mitochondrion-Mediated Apoptosis in Mink Enteritis Virus Infection. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01249-19. [PMID: 31484746 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01249-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mink enteritis virus (MEV), an autonomous parvovirus, causes acute hemorrhagic enteritis in minks. The molecular pathogenesis of MEV infection has not been fully understood. In this study, we observed significantly increased apoptosis in the esophagus, small intestine, mesenteric lymph nodes, and kidney in minks experimentally infected with strain MEVB. In vitro infection of feline F81 cells with MEVB decreased cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and apoptosis. By screening MEV nonstructural proteins (NS1 and NS2) and structural proteins (VP1 and VP2), we demonstrated that the MEV NS1 induced apoptosis in both F81 and human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells, similar to that induced during MEV infection in minks. We found that the NS1 protein-induced apoptosis in HEK293T cells was mediated not by the death receptor but by the mitochondrial pathway, as demonstrated by mitochondrial depolarization, opening of mitochondrial transition pore, release of cytochrome c, and activation of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, in NS1-transfected cells, we observed an increase of Bax expression and its translocation to the mitochondria, as well as an increased ratio of the Bax/Bcl-2, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p53. Taken together, our results demonstrated that MEV induces apoptosis through activation of p38 MAPK and the p53-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic pathway induced by NS1 protein, which sheds light on the molecular pathogenesis of MEV infection.IMPORTANCE MEV causes fatal hemorrhagic enteritis in minks. Apoptosis is a cellular mechanism that effectively sacrifices virus-infected cells to maintain homeostasis between the virus and host. In this study, we demonstrated that MEV induces apoptosis both in vivo and in vitro Mechanistically, the viral large nonstructural protein NS1 activates p38 MAPK, which leads p53 phosphorylation to mediate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway but not the death receptor-mediated apoptotic pathway. This is the first report to uncover the mechanism underlying MEV-induced apoptosis.
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29
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Lee CL, Veeramani S, Molouki A, Lim SHE, Thomas W, Chia SL, Yusoff K. Virotherapy: Current Trends and Future Prospects for Treatment of Colon and Rectal Malignancies. Cancer Invest 2019; 37:393-414. [PMID: 31502477 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2019.1660887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. In recent decades, early diagnosis and conventional therapies have resulted in a significant reduction in mortality. However, late stage metastatic disease still has very limited effective treatment options. There is a growing interest in using viruses to help target therapies to tumour sites. In recent years the evolution of immunotherapy has emphasised the importance of directing the immune system to eliminate tumour cells; we aim to give a state-of-the-art over-view of the diverse viruses that have been investigated as potential oncolytic agents for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Liang Lee
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Sanggeetha Veeramani
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Aidin Molouki
- Department of Avian Disease Research and Diagnostics, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) , Karaj , Iran
| | - Swee Hua Erin Lim
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia.,Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology , Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Warren Thomas
- Perdana University-Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine (PU-RCSI) , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universit Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
| | - Khatijah Yusoff
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universit Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia , Serdang , Malaysia
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30
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Marchini A, Daeffler L, Pozdeev VI, Angelova A, Rommelaere J. Immune Conversion of Tumor Microenvironment by Oncolytic Viruses: The Protoparvovirus H-1PV Case Study. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1848. [PMID: 31440242 PMCID: PMC6692828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells utilize multiple mechanisms to evade and suppress anticancer immune responses creating a “cold” immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Oncolytic virotherapy is emerging as a promising approach to revert tumor immunosuppression and enhance the efficacy of other forms of immunotherapy. Growing evidence indicates that oncolytic viruses (OVs) act in a multimodal fashion, inducing immunogenic cell death and thereby eliciting robust anticancer immune responses. In this review, we summarize information about OV-mediated immune conversion of the tumor microenvironment. As a case study we focus on the rodent protoparvovirus H-1PV and its dual role as an oncolytic and immune modulatory agent. Potential strategies to improve H-1PV anticancer efficacy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.,Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Laurent Daeffler
- Université de Strasbourg, IPHC, Strasbourg, France.,CNRS, UMR7178, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vitaly I Pozdeev
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Assia Angelova
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Program, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Bretscher C, Marchini A. H-1 Parvovirus as a Cancer-Killing Agent: Past, Present, and Future. Viruses 2019; 11:v11060562. [PMID: 31216641 PMCID: PMC6630270 DOI: 10.3390/v11060562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat protoparvovirus H-1PV is nonpathogenic in humans, replicates preferentially in cancer cells, and has natural oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities. The virus is able to kill cancer cells by activating several cell death pathways. H-1PV-mediated cancer cell death is often immunogenic and triggers anticancer immune responses. The safety and tolerability of H-1PV treatment has been demonstrated in early clinical studies in glioma and pancreatic carcinoma patients. Virus treatment was associated with surrogate signs of efficacy including immune conversion of tumor microenvironment, effective virus distribution into the tumor bed even after systemic administration, and improved patient overall survival compared with historical control. However, monotherapeutic use of the virus was unable to eradicate tumors. Thus, further studies are needed to improve H-1PV's anticancer profile. In this review, we describe H-1PV's anticancer properties and discuss recent efforts to improve the efficacy of H-1PV and, thereby, the clinical outcome of H-1PV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, F011, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, F011, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 84 Val Fleuri, L-1526 Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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Porcine Parvovirus Infection Causes Pig Placenta Tissue Damage Involving Nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1)-Induced Intrinsic ROS/Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040389. [PMID: 31027293 PMCID: PMC6520726 DOI: 10.3390/v11040389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is an important pathogen causing reproductive failure in pigs. PPV-induced cell apoptosis has been recently identified as being involved in PPV-induced placental tissue damages resulting in reproductive failure. However, the molecular mechanism was not fully elucidated. Here we demonstrate that PPV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) can induce host cell apoptosis and death, thereby indicating the NS1 may play a crucial role in PPV-induced placental tissue damages and reproductive failure. We have found that NS1-induced apoptosis was significantly inhibited by caspase 9 inhibitor, but not caspase 8 inhibitor, and transfection of NS1 gene into PK-15 cells significantly inhibited mitochondria-associated antiapoptotic molecules Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 expressions and enhanced proapoptotic molecules Bax, P21, and P53 expressions, suggesting that NS1-induced apoptosis is mainly through the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway. We also found that both PPV infection and NS1 vector transfection could cause host DNA damage resulting in cell cycle arrest at the G1 and G2 phases, trigger mitochondrial ROS accumulation resulting in mitochondria damage, and therefore, induce the host cell apoptosis. This study provides a molecular basis for elucidating PPV-induced cell apoptosis and reproductive failure.
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Xu X, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Yang F, Yin Z, Wang L, Li Q. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infections induce apoptosis in Vero cells via a reactive oxygen species (ROS)/p53, but not p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK signalling pathways. Vet Microbiol 2019; 232:1-12. [PMID: 31030832 PMCID: PMC7117205 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
p53 is activated, translocated to nucleus and involved in PEDV-induced apoptosis. ROS are accumulated during PEDV infection and involved in PEDV-induced apoptosis. ROS are the upper stream of p53 in PEDV infection. This is the first report that PEDV induce Vero cells apoptosis via ROS/p53 signal pathway.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a member of Coronavirus, which causes severe watery diarrhea in piglets with high morbidity and mortality. ROS and p53 play key roles in regulating many kinds of cell process during viral infection, however, the exact function in PEDV-induced apoptosis remains unclear. In this study, the pro-apoptotic effect of PEDV was examined in Vero cells and we observed that PEDV infection increased MDM2 and CBP, promoted p53 phosphorylation at serine 20 and, promoted p53 nuclear translocation, leading to p53 activation in Vero cells. Treatment with the p53 inhibitor PFT-α could significantly inhibit PEDV-induced apoptosis. We also observed PEDV infection induced time-dependent ROS accumulation. Treatment with antioxidants, such as pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) or N-acetylcysteine (NAC), significantly inhibited PEDV-induced apoptosis. Moreover, further inhibition tests were established to prove that p53 was regulated by ROS in PEDV-induced apoptosis. In addition, we also found that p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK were activated in PEDV-infected Vero cells. However, treatment with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, and the SAPK/JNK inhibitor SP600125 reversed PEDV-induced apoptosis. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that activated p53 and accumulated ROS participated in PEDV-induced apoptosis and p53 could be regulated by ROS during PEDV infection. Activated p38 MAPK and SAPK/JNK exerted no influence on PEDV-induced apoptosis. These findings provide new insights into the function of p53 and ROS in the interaction of PEDV with Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Ying Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zheng Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qinfan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Parry R, Bishop C, De Hayr L, Asgari S. Density-dependent enhanced replication of a densovirus in Wolbachia-infected Aedes cells is associated with production of piRNAs and higher virus-derived siRNAs. Virology 2018; 528:89-100. [PMID: 30583288 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia pipientis has been shown to restrict a range of RNA viruses in Drosophila melanogaster and transinfected dengue mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Here, we show that Wolbachia infection enhances replication of Aedes albopictus densovirus (AalDNV-1), a single stranded DNA virus, in Aedes cell lines in a density-dependent manner. Analysis of previously produced small RNAs of Aag2 cells showed that Wolbachia-infected cells produced greater absolute abundance of virus-derived short interfering RNAs compared to uninfected cells. Additionally, we found production of virus-derived PIWI-like RNAs (vpiRNA) produced in response to AalDNV-1 infection. Nuclear fractions of Aag2 cells produced a primary vpiRNA signature U1 bias whereas the typical "ping-pong" signature (U1 - A10) was evident in vpiRNAs from the cytoplasmic fractions. This is the first report of the density-dependent enhancement of DNA viruses by Wolbachia. Further, we report the generation of vpiRNAs in a DNA virus-host interaction for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys Parry
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cameron Bishop
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lachlan De Hayr
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sassan Asgari
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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35
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Lacroix J, Kis Z, Josupeit R, Schlund F, Stroh-Dege A, Frank-Stöhr M, Leuchs B, Schlehofer JR, Rommelaere J, Dinsart C. Preclinical Testing of an Oncolytic Parvovirus in Ewing Sarcoma: Protoparvovirus H-1 Induces Apoptosis and Lytic Infection In Vitro but Fails to Improve Survival In Vivo. Viruses 2018; 10:v10060302. [PMID: 29865280 PMCID: PMC6024310 DOI: 10.3390/v10060302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
About 70% of all Ewing sarcoma (EWS) patients are diagnosed under the age of 20 years. Over the last decades little progress has been made towards finding effective treatment approaches for primarily metastasized or refractory Ewing sarcoma in young patients. Here, in the context of the search for novel therapeutic options, the potential of oncolytic protoparvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) to treat Ewing sarcoma was evaluated, its safety having been proven previously tested in adult cancer patients and its oncolytic efficacy demonstrated on osteosarcoma cell cultures. The effects of viral infection were tested in vitro on four human Ewing sarcoma cell lines. Notably evaluated were effects of the virus on the cell cycle and its replication efficiency. Within 24 h after infection, the synthesis of viral proteins was induced. Efficient H-1PV replication was confirmed in all four Ewing sarcoma cell lines. The cytotoxicity of the virus was determined on the basis of cytopathic effects, cell viability, and cell lysis. These in vitro experiments revealed efficient killing of Ewing sarcoma cells by H-1PV at a multiplicity of infection between 0.1 and 5 plaque forming units (PFU)/cell. In two of the four tested cell lines, significant induction of apoptosis by H-1PV was observed. H-1PV thus meets all the in vitro criteria for a virus to be oncolytic towards Ewing sarcoma. In the first xenograft experiments, however, although an antiproliferative effect of intratumoral H-1PV injection was observed, no significant improvement of animal survival was noted. Future projects aiming to validate parvovirotherapy for the treatment of pediatric Ewing sarcoma should focus on combinatorial treatments and will require the use of patient-derived xenografts and immunocompetent syngeneic animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannine Lacroix
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
- Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital, Moltkestraße 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Zoltán Kis
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Rafael Josupeit
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Franziska Schlund
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Stroh-Dege
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Monika Frank-Stöhr
- Division of Viral Transformation Mechanisms, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Barbara Leuchs
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Jörg R Schlehofer
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | - Christiane Dinsart
- Division of Tumor Virology, Program Infection, Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
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36
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Duffy MR, Fisher KD, Seymour LW. Making Oncolytic Virotherapy a Clinical Reality: The European Contribution. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:1033-1046. [PMID: 28793793 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are quickly moving toward the forefront of modern medicines. The reward for the decades of research invested into developing viral platforms that selectively replicate in and lyse tumor cells while sparking anticancer adaptive immunity is presenting in the form of durable therapeutic responses. While this has certainly been a concerted global effort, in this review for the 25th anniversary of the European Society of Gene and Cell Therapy, we focus on the contributions made by European researchers. Research centers across Europe have held central roles in advancing OVs, from the earliest reports of coincidental viral infections leading to antitumor efficacy, to advanced mechanistic studies, and now through Phase I-III trials to imminent regulatory approvals. While challenges still remain, with limitations in preclinical animal models, antiviral immune clearance, and manufacture restrictions enforced by poor viral yields in certain cases, the field has come a very long way in recent years. Thoughtful mechanistic integration of OVs with standard of care strategies and other newly approved therapies should provide potent novel approaches. Combination with immunotherapeutic regimes holds significant promise, and the ability to arm the viral platform with therapeutic proteins for localized expression at the tumor site provides an opportunity for creating highly effective synergistic treatments and brings a new age of targeted cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Duffy
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry D Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Len W Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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37
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Majumder K, Etingov I, Pintel DJ. Protoparvovirus Interactions with the Cellular DNA Damage Response. Viruses 2017; 9:v9110323. [PMID: 29088070 PMCID: PMC5707530 DOI: 10.3390/v9110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protoparvoviruses are simple single-stranded DNA viruses that infect many animal species. The protoparvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) infects murine and transformed human cells provoking a sustained DNA damage response (DDR). This DDR is dependent on signaling by the ATM kinase and leads to a prolonged pre-mitotic cell cycle block that features the inactivation of ATR-kinase mediated signaling, proteasome-targeted degradation of p21, and inhibition of cyclin B1 expression. This review explores how protoparvoviruses, and specifically MVM, co-opt the common mechanisms regulating the DDR and cell cycle progression in order to prepare the host nuclear environment for productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Majumder
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - Igor Etingov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | - David J Pintel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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38
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Preclinical Testing of an Oncolytic Parvovirus: Standard Protoparvovirus H-1PV Efficiently Induces Osteosarcoma Cell Lysis In Vitro. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100301. [PMID: 29039746 PMCID: PMC5691652 DOI: 10.3390/v9100301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most frequent malignant disease of the bone. On the basis of early clinical experience in the 1960s with H-1 protoparvovirus (H-1PV) in osteosarcoma patients, this effective oncolytic virus was selected for systematic preclinical testing on various osteosarcoma cell cultures. A panel of five human osteosarcoma cell lines (CAL 72, H-OS, MG-63, SaOS-2, U-2OS) was tested. Virus oncoselectivity was confirmed by infecting non-malignant human neonatal fibroblasts and osteoblasts used as culture models of non-transformed mesenchymal cells. H-1PV was found to enter osteosarcoma cells and to induce viral DNA replication, transcription of viral genes, and translation to viral proteins. After H-1PV infection, release of infectious viral particles from osteosarcoma cells into the supernatant indicated successful viral assembly and egress. Crystal violet staining revealed progressive cytomorphological changes in all osteosarcoma cell lines. Infection of osteosarcoma cell lines with the standard H-1PV caused an arrest of the cell cycle in the G2 phase, and these lines had a limited capacity for standard H-1PV virus replication. The cytotoxicity of wild-type H-1PV virus towards osteosarcoma cells was compared in vitro with that of two variants, Del H-1PV and DM H-1PV, previously described as fitness variants displaying higher infectivity and spreading in human transformed cell lines of different origins. Surprisingly, wild-type H-1PV displayed the strongest cytostatic and cytotoxic effects in this analysis and thus seems the most promising for the next preclinical validation steps in vivo.
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Abstract
Parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1), members of the large Parvoviridae family, are human pathogens responsible for a variety of diseases. For B19V in particular, host features determine disease manifestations. These viruses are prevalent worldwide and are culturable in vitro, and serological and molecular assays are available but require careful interpretation of results. Additional human parvoviruses, including HBoV2 to -4, human parvovirus 4 (PARV4), and human bufavirus (BuV) are also reviewed. The full spectrum of parvovirus disease in humans has yet to be established. Candidate recombinant B19V vaccines have been developed but may not be commercially feasible. We review relevant features of the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses, and the human immune response that they elicit, which have allowed a deep understanding of pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | | | - Neal S Young
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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40
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Wei L, Zhu S, Wang J, Quan R, Yan X, Li Z, Hou L, Wang N, Yang Y, Jiang H, Liu J. Induction of a Cellular DNA Damage Response by Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Facilitates Viral Replication and Mediates Apoptotic Responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39444. [PMID: 27982097 PMCID: PMC5159794 DOI: 10.1038/srep39444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular DNA damage response (DDR) triggered by infection of DNA viruses mediate cell cycle checkpoint activation, DNA repair, or apoptosis induction. In the present study, infection of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), which serves as a major etiological agent of PCV2-associated diseases (PCVAD), was found to elicit a DNA damage response (DDR) as observed by the phosphorylation of H2AX and RPA32 following infection. The response requires active viral replication, and all the ATM (ataxia telangiectasia-mutated kinase), ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related kinase), and DNA-PK (DNA-dependent protein kinase) are the transducers of the DDR signaling events in the PCV2-infected cells as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK signalings as well as reductions in their activations after treatment with specific kinase inhibitors. Inhibitions of ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK activations block viral replication and prevent apoptotic responses as observed by decreases in cleaved poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 as well as fragmented DNA following PCV2 infection. These results reveal that PCV2 is able to exploit the cellular DNA damage response machinery for its own efficient replication and for apoptosis induction, further extending our understanding for the molecular mechanism of PCV2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Shanshan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Rong Quan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zixue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Naidong Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics and Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics and Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Furong District, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Haijun Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, No. 9 Shuguang Garden Middle Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100097, China
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Kuzmenko YV, Smirnova OA, Ivanov AV, Starodubova ES, Karpov VL. Nonstructural Protein 1 of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Induces Oxidative Stress and Activates Antioxidant Defense by the Nrf2/ARE Pathway. Intervirology 2016; 59:111-117. [DOI: 10.1159/000452160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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42
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Ellerhoff TP, Berchtold S, Venturelli S, Burkard M, Smirnow I, Wulff T, Lauer UM. Novel epi-virotherapeutic treatment of pancreatic cancer combining the oral histone deacetylase inhibitor resminostat with oncolytic measles vaccine virus. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:1931-1944. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Poly (I:C) enhances the anti-tumor activity of canine parvovirus NS1 protein by inducing a potent anti-tumor immune response. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:12089-12102. [PMID: 27209409 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The canine parvovirus NS1 (CPV2.NS1) protein selectively induces apoptosis in the malignant cells. However, for an effective in vivo tumor treatment strategy, an oncolytic agent also needs to induce a potent anti-tumor immune response. In the present study, we used poly (I:C), a TLR3 ligand, as an adjuvant along with CPV2.NS1 to find out if the combination can enhance the oncolytic activity by inducing a potent anti-tumor immune response. The 4T1 mammary carcinoma cells were used to induce mammary tumor in Balb/c mice. The results suggested that poly (I:C), when given along with CPV2.NS1, not only significantly reduced the tumor growth but also augmented the immune response against tumor antigen(s) as indicated by the increase in blood CD4+ and CD8+ counts and infiltration of immune cells in the tumor tissue. Further, blood serum analysis of the cytokines revealed that Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) were significantly upregulated in the treatment group indicating activation of cell-mediated immune response. The present study reports the efficacy of CPV2.NS1 along with poly (I:C) not only in inhibiting the mammary tumor growth but also in generating an active anti-tumor immune response without any visible toxicity. The results of our study may help in developing CPV2.NS1 and poly (I: C) combination as a cancer therapeutic regime to treat various malignancies.
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Zhao X, Xiang H, Bai X, Fei N, Huang Y, Song X, Zhang H, Zhang L, Tong D. Porcine parvovirus infection activates mitochondria-mediated apoptotic signaling pathway by inducing ROS accumulation. Virol J 2016; 13:26. [PMID: 26880103 PMCID: PMC4755023 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-016-0480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection primarily causes reproductive failure of pregnant swine and results in host cell death. Boars, as an important disseminator, shed PPV to sows via semen. PPV infects and numerously replicates in boar testicle, which results in damage of swine testicle in vivo. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), a mediator of cell apoptosis, play a crucial role in the mitochondria apoptotic pathway. However, whether PPV infection induces ST cells apoptosis and ROS accumulation is still unclear. Methods To determine the effects of PPV infection on the apoptosis, we detected morphological changes, DNA ladder, activities of caspases, and expression of PARP in PPV-infected ST cells. Moreover, aiming to investigate the effect of PPV infection on the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and ROS accumulation, we detected the Δψm, apoptosis-related genes, and ROS. To investigate the role of ROS in the process of PPV-induced apoptosis, the ST cells were infected with PPV and treated with the ROS antioxidants. The ROS level was measured using Reactive Oxygen Species Assay Kit and the Δψm, expression level of Bcl-2, translocation of Bax, and redistribution of mitochondria cytochrome c were tested. Results In this study, we demonstrated that PPV infection could induce apoptosis that was characterized by morphological changes, DNA fragmentation and activation of caspases. Moreover, PPV infection suppressed Bcl-2 expression, enhanced Bax expression and translocation to mitochondria, decreased the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and triggered the release of cytochrome c, which caused the subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 and initiation of apoptosis. However, during the process of PPV-induced apoptosis, the protein levels of Fas and FasL were not affected. Further studies showed that PPV infection caused ROS accumulation. Inhibition of ROS could reduce mitochondrial transmembrane potential and could significantly block ST cells apoptosis via suppressing Bax translocation, cytochrome c and caspase-3 activation. Conclusions All these results suggest that PPV-induced ROS accumulation mediates apoptosis in ST cells, which provided theoretical basis for the molecular pathogenesis of PPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hailing Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Naijiao Fei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiangjun Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongling Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, People's Republic of China.
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Canine parvovirus NS1 protein exhibits anti-tumor activity in a mouse mammary tumor model. Virus Res 2016; 213:289-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Li G, Li M, Xu W, Zhou Q, Hu Z, Tang Q, Chen K, Yao Q. Regulation of BmBDV NS1 by phosphorylation: Impact of mutagenesis at consensus phosphorylation sites on ATPase activity and cytopathic effects. J Invertebr Pathol 2015; 133:66-72. [PMID: 26686834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bombyx mori bidensovirus (BmBDV) is a single-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Bidensovirus genus, Bidnaviridae family. Previous studies showed that parvovirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) contains endonuclease, helicase, and ATPase activities and that these activities are regulated by serine/threonine phosphorylation. We have reported that residue Thr-184 site of BmBDV NS1 is phosphorylated, and that residues of Thr-181 and Thr-191 are potentially phosphorylated. However, whether phosphorylation affects BmBDV NS1 activities remains unclear. In this study, the substitution of threonine with Glycine at positions 181, 184 and 191 of BmBDV NS1 reduced its ATPase activity. After wild-type NS1 was treated with calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIP), ATPase activity decreased significantly. Moreover, silkworms that were injected with recombinant viruses carrying these NS1 mutations exhibited significant increases in the median lethal time to death compared with silkworms that were injected with a virus that expressed wild-type NS1. In conclusion, these results showed that the ATPase activity and virulence of BmBDV NS1 are regulated via phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Mangmang Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wu Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qi Tang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Keping Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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Gupta SK, Sahoo AP, Rosh N, Gandham RK, Saxena L, Singh AK, Harish DR, Tiwari AK. Canine parvovirus NS1 induced apoptosis involves mitochondria, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspases. Virus Res 2015; 213:46-61. [PMID: 26555166 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The non-structural protein (NS1) of parvoviruses plays an important role in viral replication and is thought to be responsible for inducing cell death. However, the detailed mechanism and the pathways involved in canine parvovirus type 2 NS1 (CPV2.NS1) induced apoptosis are not yet known. In the present study, we report that expression of CPV2.NS1 in HeLa cells arrests cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle and the apoptosis is mitochondria mediated as indicated by mitochondrial depolarization, release of cytochrome-c and activation of caspase 9. Treatment of cells with caspase 9 inhibitor Z-LEHD-FMK reduced the induction of apoptosis significantly. We also report that expression of CPV2.NS1 causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and treatment with an antioxidant reduces the ROS levels and the extent of apoptosis. Our results provide an insight into the mechanism of CPV2.NS1 induced apoptosis, which might prove valuable in developing NS1 protein as an oncolytic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India.
| | - Aditya Prasad Sahoo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - Nighil Rosh
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - Lovleen Saxena
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - D R Harish
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tiwari
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India.
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kailasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610
| | - Colin R. Parrish
- Baker Institute for Animal Health and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
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49
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Kumar R, Kumar Pate S, Rami Reddy B, Bhatt M, Karthik K, Gandham RK, Singh Mali Y, Dhama K. Apoptosis and Other Alternate Mechanisms of Cell Death. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.646.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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Angelova AL, Geletneky K, Nüesch JPF, Rommelaere J. Tumor Selectivity of Oncolytic Parvoviruses: From in vitro and Animal Models to Cancer Patients. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:55. [PMID: 25954743 PMCID: PMC4406089 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy of cancer is among the innovative modalities being under development and especially promising for targeting tumors, which are resistant to conventional treatments. Presently, at least a dozen of viruses, belonging to nine different virus families, are being tested within the frames of various clinical studies in cancer patients. Continuously growing preclinical evidence showing that the autonomous rat parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) is able to kill tumor cells that resist conventional treatments and to achieve a complete cure of various human tumors in animal models argues for its inclusion in the arsenal of oncolytic viruses with an especially promising bench to bedside translation potential. Oncolytic parvovirus safe administration to humans relies on the intrinsic preference of these agents for quickly proliferating, metabolically, and biochemically disturbed tumor versus normal cells (tumor selectivity or oncotropism). The present review summarizes and discusses (i) preclinical evidence of H-1PV innocuousness for normal cells and healthy tissues in vitro and in animals, respectively, (ii) toxicological assessments of H-1PV mono- or combined therapy in tumor-bearing virus-permissive animal models, as well as (iii) historical results of experimental infection of human cancer patients with H-1PV. Altogether, these data argue against a risk of H-1PV inducing significant toxic effects in human patients. This highly favorable safety profile allowed the translation of H-1PV preclinical research into a Phase I/IIa clinical trial being currently in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia L Angelova
- Infection and Cancer Program, Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Karsten Geletneky
- Infection and Cancer Program, Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany ; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Heidelberg , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jürg P F Nüesch
- Infection and Cancer Program, Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jean Rommelaere
- Infection and Cancer Program, Division of Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
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