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Janus BM, Wang R, Cleveland TE, Metcalf MC, Lemmer AC, van Dyk N, Jeong S, Astavans A, Class K, Fuerst TR, Ofek G. Macaque antibodies targeting Marburg virus glycoprotein induced by multivalent immunization. J Virol 2024; 98:e0015524. [PMID: 38832790 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00155-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus infection in humans is associated with case fatality rates that can reach up to 90%, but to date, there are no approved vaccines or monoclonal antibody (mAb) countermeasures. Here, we immunized Rhesus macaques with multivalent combinations of filovirus glycoprotein (GP) antigens belonging to Marburg, Sudan, and Ebola viruses to generate monospecific and cross-reactive antibody responses against them. From the animal that developed the highest titers of Marburg virus GP-specific neutralizing antibodies, we sorted single memory B cells using a heterologous Ravn virus GP probe and cloned and characterized a panel of 34 mAbs belonging to 28 unique lineages. Antibody specificities were assessed by overlapping pepscan and binding competition analyses, revealing that roughly a third of the lineages mapped to the conserved receptor binding region, including potent neutralizing lineages that were confirmed by negative stain electron microscopy to target this region. Additional lineages targeted a protective region on GP2, while others were found to possess cross-filovirus reactivity. Our study advances the understanding of orthomarburgvirus glycoprotein antigenicity and furthers efforts to develop candidate antibody countermeasures against these lethal viruses. IMPORTANCE Marburg viruses were the first filoviruses characterized to emerge in humans in 1967 and cause severe hemorrhagic fever with average case fatality rates of ~50%. Although mAb countermeasures have been approved for clinical use against the related Ebola viruses, there are currently no approved countermeasures against Marburg viruses. We successfully isolated a panel of orthomarburgvirus GP-specific mAbs from a macaque immunized with a multivalent combination of filovirus antigens. Our analyses revealed that roughly half of the antibodies in the panel mapped to regions on the glycoprotein shown to protect from infection, including the host cell receptor binding domain and a protective region on the membrane-anchoring subunit. Other antibodies in the panel exhibited broad filovirus GP recognition. Our study describes the discovery of a diverse panel of cross-reactive macaque antibodies targeting orthomarburgvirus and other filovirus GPs and provides candidate immunotherapeutics for further study and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Janus
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas E Cleveland
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
- Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew C Metcalf
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron C Lemmer
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Nydia van Dyk
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Jeong
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Anagh Astavans
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth Class
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas R Fuerst
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Gilad Ofek
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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2
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Kim M, Vergara E, Tran A, Paul MJ, Kwon T, Ma JK, Jang Y, Reljic R. Marked enhancement of the immunogenicity of plant-expressed IgG-Fc fusion proteins by inclusion of cholera toxin non-toxic B subunit within the single polypeptide. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:1402-1416. [PMID: 38163285 PMCID: PMC11022806 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based fusion proteins have been widely exploited as a potential vaccine delivery platform but in the absence of exogenous adjuvants, the lack of robust immunity remains an obstacle. Here, we report on a key modification that overcomes that obstacle. Thus, we constructed an IgG-Fc vaccine platform for dengue, termed D-PCF, which in addition to a dengue antigen incorporates the cholera toxin non-toxic B subunit (CTB) as a molecular adjuvant, with all three proteins expressed as a single polypeptide. Following expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, the D-PCF assembled as polymeric structures of similar size to human IgM, a process driven by the pentamerization of CTB. A marked improvement of functional properties in vitro and immunogenicity in vivo over a previous iteration of the Fc-fusion protein without CTB [1] was demonstrated. These include enhanced antigen presenting cell binding, internalization and activation, complement activation, epithelial cell interactions and ganglioside binding, as well as more efficient polymerization within the expression host. Following immunization of mice with D-PCF by a combination of systemic and mucosal (intranasal) routes, we observed robust systemic and mucosal immune responses, as well as systemic T cell responses, significantly higher than those induced by a related Fc-fusion protein but without CTB. The induced antibodies could bind to the domain III of the dengue virus envelope protein from all four dengue serotypes. Finally, we also demonstrated feasibility of aerosolization of D-PCF as a prerequisite for vaccine delivery by the respiratory route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi‐Young Kim
- Department of Molecular BiologyJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuRepublic of Korea
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Emil Vergara
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Andy Tran
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Matthew John Paul
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | | | - Julian K.C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Yong‐Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular BiologyJeonbuk National UniversityJeonjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt George's University of LondonLondonUK
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3
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Srivastava S, Kumar S, Ashique S, Sridhar SB, Shareef J, Thomas S. Novel antiviral approaches for Marburg: a promising therapeutics in the pipeline. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1387628. [PMID: 38725678 PMCID: PMC11079314 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1387628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus disease (MVD) presents a significant global health threat, lacking effective antivirals and with current supportive care offering limited therapeutic options. This mini review explores the emerging landscape of novel antiviral strategies against MVD, focusing on promising therapeutics currently in the development pipeline. We delve into direct-acting antiviral approaches, including small molecule inhibitors targeting viral entry, replication, and assembly, alongside nucleic acid antisense and RNA interference strategies. Host-targeting antivirals are also considered, encompassing immune modulators like interferons and cytokine/chemokine modulators, broad-spectrum antivirals, and convalescent plasma and antibody-based therapies. The paper then examines preclinical and clinical development for the novel therapeutics, highlighting in vitro and in vivo models for antiviral evaluation, safety and efficacy assessments, and the critical stages of clinical trials. Recognizing the challenges of drug resistance and viral escape, the mini review underscores the potential of combination therapy strategies and emphasizes the need for rapid diagnostic tools to optimize treatment initiation. Finally, we discuss the importance of public health preparedness and equitable access to these promising therapeutics in achieving effective MVD control and global health security. This mini review presents a comprehensive overview of the burgeoning field of MVD antivirals, highlighting the potential of these novel approaches to reshape the future of MVD treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriyansh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, India
| | - Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Durgapur, West Bengal, India
| | - Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar
- RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Javedh Shareef
- Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology, RAK College of Pharmacy, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabin Thomas
- College of Health Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
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4
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Zorzan M, Castellan M, Gasparotto M, Dias de Melo G, Zecchin B, Leopardi S, Chen A, Rosato A, Angelini A, Bourhy H, Corti D, Cendron L, De Benedictis P. Antiviral mechanisms of two broad-spectrum monoclonal antibodies for rabies prophylaxis and therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1186063. [PMID: 37638057 PMCID: PMC10449259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1186063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an acute and lethal encephalomyelitis caused by lyssaviruses, among which rabies virus (RABV) is the most prevalent and important for public health. Although preventable through the post-exposure administration of rabies vaccine and immunoglobulins (RIGs), the disease is almost invariably fatal since the onset of clinical signs. Two human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), RVC20 and RVC58, have been shown to be effective in treating symptomatic rabies. To better understand how these mAbs work, we conducted structural modeling and in vitro assays to analyze their mechanisms of action, including their ability to mediate Fc-dependent effector functions. Our results indicate that both RVC20 and RVC58 recognize and lock the RABV-G protein in its pre-fusion conformation. RVC58 was shown to neutralize more potently the extra-cellular virus, while RVC20 mainly acts by reducing viral spreading from infected cells. Importantly, RVC20 was more effective in promoting effector functions compared to RVC58 and 17C7-RAB1 mAbs, the latter of which is approved for human rabies post-exposure treatment. These results provide valuable insights into the multiple mechanisms of action of RVC20 and RVC58 mAbs, offering relevant information for the development of these mAbs as treatment for human rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Zorzan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Martina Castellan
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Barbara Zecchin
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Stefania Leopardi
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca’ Foscari University of Venice, Mestre, Italy
- European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Venice, Italy
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, Paris, France
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Paola De Benedictis
- Laboratory for Emerging Viral Zoonoses, FAO and National Reference Centre for Rabies, Department for Research and Innovation, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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5
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Voronina DV, Shcheblyakov DV, Favorskaya IA, Esmagambetov IB, Dzharullaeva AS, Tukhvatulin AI, Zubkova OV, Popova O, Kan VY, Bandelyuk AS, Shmarov MM, Logunov DY, Naroditskiy BS, Gintsburg AL. Cross-Reactive Fc-Fused Single-Domain Antibodies to Hemagglutinin Stem Region Protect Mice from Group 1 Influenza a Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112485. [PMID: 36366583 PMCID: PMC9698552 DOI: 10.3390/v14112485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued evolution of influenza viruses reduces the effectiveness of vaccination and antiviral drugs. The identification of novel and universal agents for influenza prophylaxis and treatment is an urgent need. We have previously described two potent single-domain antibodies (VHH), G2.3 and H1.2, which bind to the stem domain of hemagglutinin and efficiently neutralize H1N1 and H5N2 influenza viruses in vivo. In this study, we modified these VHHs with Fc-fragment to enhance their antiviral activity. Reformatting of G2.3 into bivalent Fc-fusion molecule increased its in vitro neutralizing activity against H1N1 and H2N3 viruses up to 80-fold and, moreover, resulted in obtaining the ability to neutralize H5N2 and H9N2 subtypes. We demonstrated that a dose as low as 0.6 mg/kg of G2.3-Fc or H1.2-Fc administered systemically or locally before infection could protect mice from lethal challenges with both H1N1 and H5N2 viruses. Furthermore, G2.3-Fc reduced the lung viral load to an undetectable level. Both VHH-Fc antibodies showed in vivo therapeutic efficacy when delivered via systemic or local route. The findings support G2.3-Fc as a potential therapeutic agent for both prophylaxis and therapy of Group 1 influenza A infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V. Voronina
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry V. Shcheblyakov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A. Favorskaya
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilias B. Esmagambetov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Dzharullaeva
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Amir I. Tukhvatulin
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Zubkova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Popova
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav Y. Kan
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alina S. Bandelyuk
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim M. Shmarov
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y. Logunov
- Medical Microbiology Department, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S. Naroditskiy
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandr L. Gintsburg
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology of Bacteria, National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named after the Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya, 123098 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Malherbe DC, Domi A, Hauser MJ, Atyeo C, Fischinger S, Hyde MA, Williams JM, Alter G, Guirakhoo F, Bukreyev A. A single immunization with a modified vaccinia Ankara vectored vaccine producing Sudan virus-like particles protects from lethal infection. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:83. [PMID: 35879311 PMCID: PMC9314403 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-022-00512-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new vectored vaccine MVA-VLP-SUDV was generated against Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) combining the advantages of the immunogenicity of a live attenuated vaccine vector (Modified Vaccinia Ankara, MVA) with the authentic conformation of virus-like particles (VLPs). The vaccine expresses minimal components to generate self-assembling VLPs in the vaccinee: the envelope glycoprotein GP and the matrix protein VP40. Guinea pigs vaccinated with one dose of MVA-VLP-SUDV generated SUDV-specific binding and neutralizing antibody responses as well as Fc-mediated protective effects. These responses were boosted by a second vaccine dose. All vaccinated animals which received either one or two vaccine doses were protected from death and disease symptoms following challenge with a lethal dose of SUDV. These data demonstrate single dose protection and potency of the MVA-VLP platform for use in emergency situations to contain outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine C Malherbe
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | | | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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7
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Šantak M, Matić Z. The Role of Nucleoprotein in Immunity to Human Negative-Stranded RNA Viruses—Not Just Another Brick in the Viral Nucleocapsid. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030521. [PMID: 35336928 PMCID: PMC8955406 DOI: 10.3390/v14030521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative-stranded RNA viruses (NSVs) are important human pathogens, including emerging and reemerging viruses that cause respiratory, hemorrhagic and other severe illnesses. Vaccine design traditionally relies on the viral surface glycoproteins. However, surface glycoproteins rarely elicit effective long-term immunity due to high variability. Therefore, an alternative approach is to include conserved structural proteins such as nucleoprotein (NP). NP is engaged in myriad processes in the viral life cycle: coating and protection of viral RNA, regulation of transcription/replication processes and induction of immunosuppression of the host. A broad heterosubtypic T-cellular protection was ascribed very early to this protein. In contrast, the understanding of the humoral immunity to NP is very limited in spite of the high titer of non-neutralizing NP-specific antibodies raised upon natural infection or immunization. In this review, the data with important implications for the understanding of the role of NP in the immune response to human NSVs are revisited. Major implications of the elicited T-cell immune responses to NP are evaluated, and the possible multiple mechanisms of the neglected humoral response to NP are discussed. The intention of this review is to remind that NP is a very promising target for the development of future vaccines.
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8
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Dufloo J, Planchais C, Frémont S, Lorin V, Guivel-Benhassine F, Stefic K, Casartelli N, Echard A, Roingeard P, Mouquet H, Schwartz O, Bruel T. Broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies tether viral particles at the surface of infected cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:630. [PMID: 35110562 PMCID: PMC8810770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28307-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) are promising molecules for therapeutic or prophylactic interventions. Beyond neutralization, bNAbs exert Fc-dependent functions including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and activation of the complement. Here, we show that a subset of bNAbs targeting the CD4 binding site and the V1/V2 or V3 loops inhibit viral release from infected cells. We combined immunofluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and immunogold staining to reveal that some bNAbs form large aggregates of virions at the surface of infected cells. This activity correlates with the capacity of bNAbs to bind to Env at the cell surface and to neutralize cell-free viral particles. We further show that antibody bivalency is required for viral retention, and that aggregated virions are neutralized. We have thus identified an additional antiviral activity of bNAbs, which block HIV-1 release by tethering viral particles at the surface of infected cells. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) neutralize HIV-1 and exert Fc-dependent activities against infected cells. Here, Dufloo et al. show that bNAbs also block HIV-1 release by trapping viral particles at the surface of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, École doctorale BioSPC 562, 75013, Paris, France.,Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980, València, Spain
| | - Cyril Planchais
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Frémont
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Lorin
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | | | - Karl Stefic
- CHRU de Tours, Hôpital Bretonneau, Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Nicoletta Casartelli
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- Université de Tours, CHRU de Tours, INSERM U1259 MAVIVH and Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Électronique, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Hugo Mouquet
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, INSERM U1222, Humoral Immunology Laboratory, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, 94000, Créteil, France.
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015, Paris, France. .,Vaccine Research Institute, 94000, Créteil, France.
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9
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Sahin M, Remy MM, Fallet B, Sommerstein R, Florova M, Langner A, Klausz K, Straub T, Kreutzfeldt M, Wagner I, Schmidt CT, Malinge P, Magistrelli G, Izui S, Pircher H, Verbeek JS, Merkler D, Peipp M, Pinschewer DD. Antibody bivalency improves antiviral efficacy by inhibiting virion release independently of Fc gamma receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110303. [PMID: 35108544 PMCID: PMC8822495 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Across the animal kingdom, multivalency discriminates antibodies from all other immunoglobulin superfamily members. The evolutionary forces conserving multivalency above other structural hallmarks of antibodies remain, however, incompletely defined. Here, we engineer monovalent either Fc-competent or -deficient antibody formats to investigate mechanisms of protection of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and non-neutralizing antibodies (nnAbs) in virus-infected mice. Antibody bivalency enables the tethering of virions to the infected cell surface, inhibits the release of virions in cell culture, and suppresses viral loads in vivo independently of Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) interactions. In return, monovalent antibody formats either do not inhibit virion release and fail to protect in vivo or their protective efficacy is largely FcγR dependent. Protection in mice correlates with virus-release-inhibiting activity of nAb and nnAb rather than with their neutralizing capacity. These observations provide mechanistic insights into the evolutionary conservation of antibody bivalency and help refining correlates of nnAb protection for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Sahin
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa M Remy
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benedict Fallet
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rami Sommerstein
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marianna Florova
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Langner
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Straub
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Kreutzfeldt
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid Wagner
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cinzia T Schmidt
- BioEM Lab, Center for Cellular Imaging & Nano Analytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pauline Malinge
- Light Chain Bioscience, Novimmune SA, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | | | - Shozo Izui
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Pircher
- Institute for Immunology, Department for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J Sjef Verbeek
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Doron Merkler
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Clinical Pathology, University and University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein and Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Department of Biomedicine - Haus Petersplatz, Division of Experimental Virology, University of Basel, 4009 Basel, Switzerland; Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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10
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Cross RW, Bornholdt ZA, Prasad AN, Borisevich V, Agans KN, Deer DJ, Abelson DM, Kim DH, Shestowsky WS, Campbell LA, Bunyan E, Geisbert JB, Fenton KA, Zeitlin L, Porter DP, Geisbert TW. Combination therapy protects macaques against advanced Marburg virus disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1891. [PMID: 33767178 PMCID: PMC7994808 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and remdesivir, a small-molecule antiviral, are promising monotherapies for many viruses, including members of the genera Marburgvirus and Ebolavirus (family Filoviridae), and more recently, SARS-CoV-2. One of the major challenges of acute viral infections is the treatment of advanced disease. Thus, extending the window of therapeutic intervention is critical. Here, we explore the benefit of combination therapy with a mAb and remdesivir in a non-human primate model of Marburg virus (MARV) disease. While rhesus monkeys are protected against lethal infection when treatment with either a human mAb (MR186-YTE; 100%), or remdesivir (80%), is initiated 5 days post-inoculation (dpi) with MARV, no animals survive when either treatment is initiated alone beginning 6 dpi. However, by combining MR186-YTE with remdesivir beginning 6 dpi, significant protection (80%) is achieved, thereby extending the therapeutic window. These results suggest value in exploring combination therapy in patients presenting with advanced filovirus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Cross
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Abhishek N Prasad
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Viktoriya Borisevich
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Krystle N Agans
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Deer
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Dafna M Abelson
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd Ste C200, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Do H Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd Ste C200, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Elaine Bunyan
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Joan B Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Karla A Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., 6160 Lusk Blvd Ste C200, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Thomas W Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, USA.
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11
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Anti-Chikungunya Virus Monoclonal Antibody That Inhibits Viral Fusion and Release. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00252-20. [PMID: 32699087 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00252-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya fever, a mosquito-borne disease manifested by fever, rash, myalgia, and arthralgia, is caused by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which belongs to the genus Alphavirus of the family Togaviridae Anti-CHIKV IgG from convalescent patients is known to directly neutralize CHIKV, and the state of immunity lasts throughout life. Here, we examined the epitope of a neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody against CHIKV, CHE19, which inhibits viral fusion and release. In silico docking analysis showed that the epitope of CHE19 was localized in the viral E2 envelope and consisted of two separate segments, an N-linker and a β-ribbon connector, and that its bound Fab fragment on E2 overlapped the position that the E3 glycoprotein originally occupied. We showed that CHIKV-E2 is lost during the viral internalization and that CHE19 inhibits the elimination of CHIKV-E2. These findings suggested that CHE19 stabilizes the E2-E1 heterodimer instead of E3 and inhibits the protrusion of the E1 fusion loop and subsequent membrane fusion. In addition, the antigen-bound Fab fragment configuration showed that CHE19 connects to the CHIKV spikes existing on the two individual virions, leading us to conclude that the CHE19-CHIKV complex was responsible for the large virus aggregations. In our subsequent filtration experiments, large viral aggregations by CHE19 were trapped by a 0.45-μm filter. This virion-connecting characteristic of CHE19 could explain the inhibition of viral release from infected cells by the tethering effect of the virion itself. These findings provide clues toward the development of effective prophylactic and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against the Alphavirus infection.IMPORTANCE Recent outbreaks of chikungunya fever have increased its clinical importance. Neither a specific antiviral drug nor a commercial vaccine for CHIKV infection are available. Here, we show a detailed model of the docking between the envelope glycoprotein of CHIKV and our unique anti-CHIKV-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (CHE19), which inhibits CHIKV membrane fusion and virion release from CHIKV-infected cells. Homology modeling of the neutralizing antibody CHE19 and protein-protein docking analysis of the CHIKV envelope glycoprotein and CHE19 suggested that CHE19 inhibits the viral membrane fusion by stabilizing the E2-E1 heterodimer and inhibits virion release by facilitating the formation of virus aggregation due to the connecting virions, and these predictions were confirmed by experiments. Sequence information of CHE19 and the CHIKV envelope glycoprotein and their docking model will contribute to future development of an effective prophylactic and therapeutic agent.
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12
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Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Santos RI, Gilchuk P, Gunn BM, Karim MM, Liang J, Fouch ME, Davidson E, Parekh DV, Kimble JB, Pietzsch CA, Meyer M, Kuzmina NA, Zeitlin L, Saphire EO, Alter G, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A. Non-neutralizing Antibodies from a Marburg Infection Survivor Mediate Protection by Fc-Effector Functions and by Enhancing Efficacy of Other Antibodies. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:976-991.e11. [PMID: 32320678 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) belong to the family Filoviridae. MARV causes severe disease in humans with high fatality. We previously isolated a large panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from B cells of a human survivor with previous naturally acquired MARV infection. Here, we characterized functional properties of these mAbs and identified non-neutralizing mAbs targeting the glycoprotein (GP) 2 portion of the mucin-like domain (MLD) of MARV GP, termed the wing region. One mAb targeting the GP2 wing, MR228, showed therapeutic protection in mice and guinea pigs infected with MARV. The protection was mediated by the Fc fragment functions of MR228. Binding of another GP2 wing-specific non-neutralizing mAb, MR235, to MARV GP increased accessibility of epitopes in the receptor-binding site (RBS) for neutralizing mAbs, resulting in enhanced virus neutralization by these mAbs. These findings highlight an important role for non-neutralizing mAbs during natural human MARV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo I Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Marcus M Karim
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jenny Liang
- Integral Molecular, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | | | - Diptiben V Parekh
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James B Kimble
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Colette A Pietzsch
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Meyer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia A Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA.
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13
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Khurana S, Ravichandran S, Hahn M, Coyle EM, Stonier SW, Zak SE, Kindrachuk J, Davey RT, Dye JM, Chertow DS. Longitudinal Human Antibody Repertoire against Complete Viral Proteome from Ebola Virus Survivor Reveals Protective Sites for Vaccine Design. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 27:262-276.e4. [PMID: 32053790 PMCID: PMC7071344 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of antibody repertoire against the Ebola virus (EBOV) proteome was characterized in an acutely infected patient receiving supportive care alone to elucidate virus-host interactions over time. Differential kinetics are observed for IgM-IgG-IgA epitope diversity, antibody binding, and affinity maturation to EBOV proteins. During acute illness, antibodies predominate to VP40 and glycoprotein (GP). At day 13 of clinical illness, a marked increase in antibody titers to most EBOV proteins and affinity maturation to GP is associated with rapid decline in viral replication and illness severity. At one year, despite undetectable virus, a diverse IgM repertoire against VP40 and GP epitopes is observed suggesting occult viral persistence. Rabbit immunization experiments identify key immunodominant sites of GP, while challenge studies in mice found these epitopes induce EBOV-neutralizing antibodies and protect against lethal EBOV challenge. This study reveals markers of viral persistence and provides promising approaches for development and evaluation of vaccines and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surender Khurana
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA.
| | - Supriya Ravichandran
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Megan Hahn
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Coyle
- Division of Viral Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20871, USA
| | - Spencer W Stonier
- United States Army, Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Samantha E Zak
- United States Army, Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Richard T Davey
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army, Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Viral Immunology Branch, Virology Division, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Daniel S Chertow
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Takadate Y, Kondoh T, Igarashi M, Maruyama J, Manzoor R, Ogawa H, Kajihara M, Furuyama W, Sato M, Miyamoto H, Yoshida R, Hill TE, Freiberg AN, Feldmann H, Marzi A, Takada A. Niemann-Pick C1 Heterogeneity of Bat Cells Controls Filovirus Tropism. Cell Rep 2020; 30:308-319.e5. [PMID: 31940478 PMCID: PMC11075117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit bats are suspected to be natural hosts of filoviruses, including Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV). Interestingly, however, previous studies suggest that these viruses have different tropisms depending on the bat species. Here, we show a molecular basis underlying the host-range restriction of filoviruses. We find that bat-derived cell lines FBKT1 and ZFBK13-76E show preferential susceptibility to EBOV and MARV, respectively, whereas the other bat cell lines tested are similarly infected with both viruses. In FBKT1 and ZFBK13-76E, unique amino acid (aa) sequences are found in the Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) protein, one of the cellular receptors interacting with the filovirus glycoprotein (GP). These aa residues, as well as a few aa differences between EBOV and MARV GPs, are crucial for the differential susceptibility to filoviruses. Taken together, our findings indicate that the heterogeneity of bat NPC1 orthologs is an important factor controlling filovirus species-specific host tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takadate
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Tatsunari Kondoh
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Rashid Manzoor
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ogawa
- Hokudai Center for Zoonosis Control in Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Masahiro Sato
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyamoto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Terence E Hill
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan; Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka 10101, Zambia.
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15
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Lavender KJ, Williamson BN, Saturday G, Martellaro C, Griffin A, Hasenkrug KJ, Feldmann H, Prescott J. Pathogenicity of Ebola and Marburg Viruses Is Associated With Differential Activation of the Myeloid Compartment in Humanized Triple Knockout-Bone Marrow, Liver, and Thymus Mice. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:S409-S417. [PMID: 30085162 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) outbreaks are highly lethal, and infection results in a hemorrhagic fever with complex etiology. These zoonotic viruses dysregulate the immune system to cause disease, in part by replicating within myeloid cells that would normally innately control viral infection and shape the adaptive immune response. We used triple knockout (TKO)-bone marrow, liver, thymus (BLT) humanized mice to recapitulate the early in vivo human immune response to filovirus infection. Disease severity in TKO-BLT mice was dissimilar between EBOV and MARV with greater severity observed during EBOV infection. Disease severity was related to increased Kupffer cell infection in the liver, higher levels of myeloid dysfunction, and skewing of macrophage subtypes in EBOV compared with MARV-infected mice. Overall, the TKO-BLT model provided a practical in vivo platform to study the human immune response to filovirus infection and generated a better understanding of how these viruses modulate specific components of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry J Lavender
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Brandi N Williamson
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Greg Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Cynthia Martellaro
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Amanda Griffin
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Joseph Prescott
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana
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16
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Rimoin AW, Lu K, Bramble MS, Steffen I, Doshi RH, Hoff NA, Mukadi P, Nicholson BP, Alfonso VH, Olinger G, Sinai C, Yamamoto LK, Ramirez CM, Okitolonda Wemakoy E, Kebela Illunga B, Pettitt J, Logue J, Bennett RS, Jahrling P, Heymann DL, Piot P, Muyembe-Tamfum JJ, Hensley LE, Simmons G. Ebola Virus Neutralizing Antibodies Detectable in Survivors of theYambuku, Zaire Outbreak 40 Years after Infection. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:223-231. [PMID: 29253164 PMCID: PMC5853670 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The first reported outbreak of Ebola virus disease occurred in 1976 in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. Antibody responses in survivors 11 years after infection have been documented. However, this report is the first characterization of anti-Ebola virus antibody persistence and neutralization capacity 40 years after infection. Using ELISAs we measured survivor’s immunological response to Ebola virus Zaire (EBOV) glycoprotein and nucleoprotein, and assessed VP40 reactivity. Neutralization of EBOV was measured using a pseudovirus approach and plaque reduction neutralization test with live EBOV. Some survivors from the original EBOV outbreak still harbor antibodies against all 3 measures. Interestingly, a subset of these survivors’ serum antibodies could still neutralize live virus 40 years postinitial infection. These data provide the longest documentation of both anti-Ebola serological response and neutralization capacity within any survivor cohort, extending the known duration of response from 11 years postinfection to at least 40 years after symptomatic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne W Rimoin
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Kai Lu
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Matthew S Bramble
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles.,Department of Genetic Medicine Research, Children's Research Institute, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Imke Steffen
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Reena H Doshi
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Nicole A Hoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Patrick Mukadi
- Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale, Kinshasa, DRC
| | - Bradly P Nicholson
- Institute for Medical Research, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, North Carolina
| | - Vivian H Alfonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Gerrard Olinger
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick.,Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Cyrus Sinai
- Department of Epidemiology, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Lauren K Yamamoto
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Christina M Ramirez
- Department of Biostatistics, Jonathan and Karin Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | - James Logue
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick
| | | | | | - David L Heymann
- Chatham House Center on Global Health Security, London, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter Piot
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Lisa E Hensley
- Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick.,Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, and Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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17
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Jin J, Simmons G. Antiviral Functions of Monoclonal Antibodies against Chikungunya Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:v11040305. [PMID: 30925717 PMCID: PMC6520934 DOI: 10.3390/v11040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the most common alphavirus infecting humans worldwide. Antibodies play pivotal roles in the immune response to infection. Increasingly, therapeutic antibodies are becoming important for protection from pathogen infection for which neither vaccine nor treatment is available, such as CHIKV infection. The new generation of ultra-potent and/or broadly cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provides new opportunities for intervention. In the past decade, several potent human and mouse anti-CHIKV mAbs were isolated and demonstrated to be protective in vivo. Mechanistic studies of these mAbs suggest that mAbs exert multiple modes of action cooperatively. Better understanding of these antiviral mechanisms for mAbs will help to optimize mAb therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Graham Simmons
- Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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18
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Antibody responses to viral infections: a structural perspective across three different enveloped viruses. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:734-747. [PMID: 30886356 PMCID: PMC6818971 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies serve as critical barriers to viral infection. Humoral immunity to a virus is achieved through the dual role of antibodies in communicating the presence of invading pathogens in infected cells to effector cells and interfering with processes essential to the viral lifecycle, chiefly entry into the host cell. For individuals that successfully control infection, virus-elicited antibodies can provide lifelong surveillance and protection from future insults. One approach to understand the nature of a successful immune response has been to utilize structural biology to uncover the molecular details of the antibodies derived from vaccines or natural infection and how they interact with their cognate microbial antigens. The ability to isolate antigen specific B-cells and rapidly solve structures of functional, monoclonal antibodies in complex with viral glycoprotein surface antigens has greatly expanded our knowledge of the sites of vulnerability on viruses. In this review, we compare the adaptive humoral immune responses to HIV, influenza, and filoviruses, with a particular focus on neutralizing antibodies. The pathogenesis of each of these viruses is quite different, providing an opportunity for comparison of immune responses: HIV causes a persistent, chronic infection; influenza an acute infection with multiple exposures during a lifetime and annual vaccination; and filoviruses, a virulent, acute infection. Neutralizing antibodies that develop under these different constraints are therefore sentinels that can provide insight into the underlying humoral immune responses and important lessons to guide future development of vaccines and immunotherapeutics.
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19
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Keshwara R, Hagen KR, Abreu-Mota T, Papaneri AB, Liu D, Wirblich C, Johnson RF, Schnell MJ. A Recombinant Rabies Virus Expressing the Marburg Virus Glycoprotein Is Dependent upon Antibody-Mediated Cellular Cytotoxicity for Protection against Marburg Virus Disease in a Murine Model. J Virol 2019; 93:e01865-18. [PMID: 30567978 PMCID: PMC6401435 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01865-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) is a filovirus related to Ebola virus (EBOV) associated with human hemorrhagic disease. Outbreaks are sporadic and severe, with a reported case mortality rate of upward of 88%. There is currently no antiviral or vaccine available. Given the sporadic nature of outbreaks, vaccines provide the best approach for long-term control of MARV in regions of endemicity. We have developed an inactivated rabies virus-vectored MARV vaccine (FILORAB3) to protect against Marburg virus disease. Immunogenicity studies in our labs have shown that a Th1-biased seroconversion to both rabies virus and MARV glycoproteins (GPs) is beneficial for protection in a preclinical murine model. As such, we adjuvanted FILORAB3 with glucopyranosyl lipid adjuvant (GLA), a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, in a squalene-in-water emulsion. Across two different BALB/c mouse challenge models, we achieved 92% protection against murine-adapted Marburg virus (ma-MARV). Although our vaccine elicited strong MARV GP antibodies, it did not strongly induce neutralizing antibodies. Through both in vitro and in vivo approaches, we elucidated a critical role for NK cell-dependent antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in vaccine-induced protection. Overall, these findings demonstrate that FILORAB3 is a promising vaccine candidate for Marburg virus disease.IMPORTANCE Marburg virus (MARV) is a virus similar to Ebola virus and also causes a hemorrhagic disease which is highly lethal. In contrast to EBOV, only a few vaccines have been developed against MARV, and researchers do not understand what kind of immune responses are required to protect from MARV. Here we show that antibodies directed against MARV after application of our vaccine protect in an animal system but fail to neutralize the virus in a widely used virus neutralization assay against MARV. This newly discovered activity needs to be considered more when analyzing MARV vaccines or infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Keshwara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katie R Hagen
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Tiago Abreu-Mota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's, PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Amy B Papaneri
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David Liu
- Integrated Research Facility, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Christoph Wirblich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reed F Johnson
- Emerging Viral Pathogens Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthias J Schnell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Jefferson Vaccine Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Fischinger S, Boudreau CM, Butler AL, Streeck H, Alter G. Sex differences in vaccine-induced humoral immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 41:239-249. [PMID: 30547182 PMCID: PMC6373179 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines are among the most impactful public health interventions, preventing millions of new infections and deaths annually worldwide. However, emerging data suggest that vaccines may not protect all populations equally. Specifically, studies analyzing variation in vaccine-induced immunity have pointed to the critical impact of genetics, the environment, nutrition, the microbiome, and sex in influencing vaccine responsiveness. The significant contribution of sex to modulating vaccine-induced immunity has gained attention over the last years. Specifically, females typically develop higher antibody responses and experience more adverse events following vaccination than males. This enhanced immune reactogenicity among females is thought to render females more resistant to infectious diseases, but conversely also contribute to higher incidence of autoimmunity among women. Dissection of mechanisms which underlie sex differences in vaccine-induced immunity has implicated hormonal, genetic, and microbiota differences across males and females. This review will highlight the importance of sex-dependent differences in vaccine-induced immunity and specifically will address the role of sex as a modulator of humoral immunity, key to long-term pathogen-specific protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fischinger
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Institut für HIV Forschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Carolyn M Boudreau
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Audrey L Butler
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Institut für HIV Forschung, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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21
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Atkins C, Miao J, Kalveram B, Juelich T, Smith JK, Perez D, Zhang L, Westover JLB, Van Wettere AJ, Gowen BB, Wang Z, Freiberg AN. Natural History and Pathogenesis of Wild-Type Marburg Virus Infection in STAT2 Knockout Hamsters. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:S438-S447. [PMID: 30192975 PMCID: PMC6249581 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV; family Filoviridae) causes sporadic outbreaks of Marburg hemorrhagic fever in sub-Saharan Africa with case fatality rates reaching 90%. Wild-type filoviruses, including MARV and the closely related Ebola virus, are unable to suppress the type I interferon response in rodents, and therefore require adaptation of the viruses to cause disease in immunocompetent animals. In the current study, we demonstrate that STAT2 knockout Syrian hamsters are susceptible to infection with different wild-type MARV variants. MARV Musoke causes a robust and systemic infection resulting in lethal disease. Histopathological findings share features similar to those observed in human patients and other animal models of filovirus infection. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of host transcripts shows a dysregulation of the innate immune response. Our results demonstrate that the STAT2 knockout hamster represents a novel small animal model of severe MARV infection and disease without the requirement for virus adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colm Atkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Jinxin Miao
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China
| | - Birte Kalveram
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Terry Juelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Jennifer K Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - David Perez
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Lihong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
| | - Jonna L B Westover
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Arnaud J Van Wettere
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Brian B Gowen
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Zhongde Wang
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan
| | - Alexander N Freiberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston
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22
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Marzi A, Haddock E, Kajihara M, Feldmann H, Takada A. Monoclonal Antibody Cocktail Protects Hamsters From Lethal Marburg Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2018; 218:S662-S665. [PMID: 29889266 PMCID: PMC6249582 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV), family Filoviridae, causes Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF) in humans and nonhuman primates with case fatality rates of up to 90%. There is no approved therapeutic for MHF, yet several experimental approaches have been evaluated in preclinical studies including small interfering RNA and monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment. In this study we attempted to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the neutralizing mAb M4 by combining treatment with 1 or 2 of blocking but nonneutralizing mAbs 126-15 and 127-8. We found that single-dose treatment early after infection with the neutralizing mAb M4 or any of the mAb combinations resulted in similar protection in the MARV hamster model. However, a single-dose treatment with the cocktail of all 3 mAbs provided the best protection in delayed treatment, with 67%-100% of the animals surviving a lethal challenge depending on the time of treatment. This study identified a new promising mAb cocktail as a therapeutic option for MHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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23
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Jin J, Galaz-Montoya JG, Sherman MB, Sun SY, Goldsmith CS, O'Toole ET, Ackerman L, Carlson LA, Weaver SC, Chiu W, Simmons G. Neutralizing Antibodies Inhibit Chikungunya Virus Budding at the Plasma Membrane. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 24:417-428.e5. [PMID: 30146390 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are traditionally thought to inhibit virus infection by preventing virion entry into target cells. In addition, antibodies can engage Fc receptors (FcRs) on immune cells to activate antiviral responses. We describe a mechanism by which NAbs inhibit chikungunya virus (CHIKV), the most common alphavirus infecting humans, by preventing virus budding from infected human cells and activating IgG-specific Fcγ receptors. NAbs bind to CHIKV glycoproteins on the infected cell surface and induce glycoprotein coalescence, preventing budding of nascent virions and leaving structurally heterogeneous nucleocapsids arrested in the cytosol. Furthermore, NAbs induce clustering of CHIKV replication spherules at sites of budding blockage. Functionally, these densely packed glycoprotein-NAb complexes on infected cells activate Fcγ receptors, inducing a strong, antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity response from immune effector cells. Our findings describe a triply functional antiviral pathway for NAbs that might be broadly applicable across virus-host systems, suggesting avenues for therapeutic innovation through antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jesús G Galaz-Montoya
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Photon Science, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael B Sherman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Stella Y Sun
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Photon Science, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cynthia S Goldsmith
- Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Eileen T O'Toole
- Boulder Laboratory for 3-D Electron Microscopy of Cells, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Larry Ackerman
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lars-Anders Carlson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Umeå University, Umeå 901 87, Sweden
| | - Scott C Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Wah Chiu
- Departments of Bioengineering, Microbiology and Immunology, and Photon Science, James H. Clark Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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24
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Ilinykh PA, Santos RI, Gunn BM, Kuzmina NA, Shen X, Huang K, Gilchuk P, Flyak AI, Younan P, Alter G, Crowe JE, Bukreyev A. Asymmetric antiviral effects of ebolavirus antibodies targeting glycoprotein stem and glycan cap. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007204. [PMID: 30138408 PMCID: PMC6107261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) can protect experimental animals against infections. Most mAbs isolated from ebolavirus survivors appeared to target the glycan cap or the stalk region of the viral GP, which is the envelope protein and the only antigen inducing virus-neutralizing antibody response. Some of the mAbs were demonstrated to be protective in vivo. Here, a panel of mAbs from four individual survivors of ebolavirus infection that target the glycan cap or stem region were selected for investigation of the mechanisms of their antiviral effect. Comparative characterization of the inhibiting effects on multiple steps of viral replication was performed, including attachment, post-attachment, entry, binding at low pH, post-cleavage neutralization of virions, viral trafficking to endosomes, cell-to-cell transmission, viral egress, and inhibition when added early at various time points post-infection. In addition, Fc-domain related properties were characterized, including activation and degranulation of NK cells, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and glycan content. The two groups of mAbs (glycan cap versus stem) demonstrated very different profiles of activities suggesting usage of mAbs with different epitope specificity could coordinate inhibition of multiple steps of filovirus infection through Fab- and Fc-mediated mechanisms, and provide a reliable therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A. Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo I. Santos
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Bronwyn M. Gunn
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Natalia A. Kuzmina
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Xiaoli Shen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Andrew I. Flyak
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Patrick Younan
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
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25
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Human IgM monoclonal antibodies block HIV-transmission to immune cells in cervico-vaginal tissues and across polarized epithelial cells in vitro. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10180. [PMID: 29977063 PMCID: PMC6033918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28242-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of natural IgM antibodies in protection against infections is still emerging and these antibodies have a potential role in the maintenance of homeostasis through clearance of apoptotic bodies, complement-dependent mechanisms, inflammation and exclusion of misfolded proteins. Natural IgM act as a first line of defence against unknown hazardous factors and are present in most vertebrates. We investigated the functional capacity of anti-HIV-1 IgM monoclonal antibodies, from a combinatorial Fab library derived from healthy individuals, and evaluated their protective role in inhibiting HIV-1 in vitro when passing across the human mucosal epithelial barrier. Primary HIV-1 isolates were efficiently transmitted over the tight polarized epithelial cells when added to their apical surface. Efficient inhibition of HIV-1 transmission was achieved when anti-HIV-1 IgM monoclonal antibodies were added to the basolateral side of the cells. Two of these human IgM MoAbs had the ability to neutralize HIV and reduced infection of dendritic cells in primary cervico-vaginal tissue biopsies in vitro. This indicates a potential role of natural IgM antibodies in the reduction of HIV-1 transmission in mucosal tissues and improve our understanding of how natural IgM antibodies against a neutralizing epitope could interfere with viral transmission.
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26
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Locher S, Schweneker M, Hausmann J, Zimmer G. Immunogenicity of propagation-restricted vesicular stomatitis virus encoding Ebola virus glycoprotein in guinea pigs. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:866-879. [PMID: 29869979 PMCID: PMC6152369 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) expressing the Ebola virus (EBOV) glycoprotein (GP) in place of the VSV glycoprotein G (VSV/EBOV-GP) is a promising EBOV vaccine candidate which has already entered clinical phase 3 studies. Although this chimeric virus was tolerated overall by volunteers, it still caused viremia and adverse effects such as fever and arthritis, suggesting that it might not be sufficiently attenuated. In this study, the VSV/EBOV-GP vector was further modified in order to achieve attenuation while maintaining immunogenicity. All recombinant VSV constructs were propagated on VSV G protein expressing helper cells and used to immunize guinea pigs via the intramuscular route. The humoral immune response was analysed by EBOV-GP-specific fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay, plaque reduction neutralization test and in vitro virus-spreading inhibition test that employed recombinant VSV/EBOV-GP expressing either green fluorescent protein or secreted Nano luciferase. Most modified vector constructs induced lower levels of protective antibodies than the parental VSV/EBOV-GP or a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara vector encoding full-length EBOV-GP. However, the VSV/EBOV-GP(F88A) mutant was at least as immunogenic as the parental vaccine virus although it was highly propagation-restricted. This finding suggests that VSV-vectored vaccines need not be propagation-competent to induce a robust humoral immune response. However, VSV/EBOV-GP(F88A) rapidly reverted to a fully propagation-competent virus indicating that a single-point mutation is not sufficient to maintain the propagation-restricted phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Locher
- Institut für Virologie und Immunologie (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
| | - Marc Schweneker
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hausmann
- Bavarian Nordic GmbH, Fraunhoferstraße 13, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Gert Zimmer
- Institut für Virologie und Immunologie (IVI), Sensemattstrasse 293, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
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27
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Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Generating Ebola Virus-Like Particles. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00343-17. [PMID: 28331098 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00343-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently no approved therapeutics or vaccines to treat or protect against the severe hemorrhagic fever and death caused by Ebola virus (EBOV). Ebola virus-like particles (EBOV VLPs) consisting of the matrix protein VP40, the glycoprotein (GP), and the nucleoprotein (NP) are highly immunogenic and protective in nonhuman primates against Ebola virus disease (EVD). We have constructed a modified vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) recombinant coexpressing VP40 and GP of EBOV Mayinga and the NP of Taï Forest virus (TAFV) (MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP) to launch noninfectious EBOV VLPs as a second vaccine modality in the MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP-vaccinated organism. Human cells infected with either MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP or MVA-BN-EBOV-GP showed comparable GP expression levels and transport of complex N-glycosylated GP to the cell surface. Human cells infected with MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP produced large amounts of EBOV VLPs that were decorated with GP spikes but excluded the poxviral membrane protein B5, thus resembling authentic EBOV particles. The heterologous TAFV NP enhanced EBOV VP40-driven VLP formation with efficiency similar to that of the homologous EBOV NP in a transient-expression assay, and both NPs were incorporated into EBOV VLPs. EBOV GP-specific CD8 T cell responses were comparable between MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP- and MVA-BN-EBOV-GP-immunized mice. The levels of EBOV GP-specific neutralizing and binding antibodies, as well as GP-specific IgG1/IgG2a ratios induced by the two constructs, in mice were also similar, raising the question whether the quality rather than the quantity of the GP-specific antibody response might be altered by an EBOV VLP-generating MVA recombinant.IMPORTANCE The recent outbreak of Ebola virus (EBOV), claiming more than 11,000 lives, has underscored the need to advance the development of safe and effective filovirus vaccines. Virus-like particles (VLPs), as well as recombinant viral vectors, have proved to be promising vaccine candidates. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN) is a safe and immunogenic vaccine vector with a large capacity to accommodate multiple foreign genes. In this study, we combined the advantages of VLPs and the MVA platform by generating a recombinant MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP that would produce noninfectious EBOV VLPs in the vaccinated individual. Our results show that human cells infected with MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP indeed formed and released EBOV VLPs, thus producing a highly authentic immunogen. MVA-BN-EBOV-VLP efficiently induced EBOV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated mice. These results are the basis for future advancements, e.g., by including antigens from various filoviral species to develop multivalent VLP-producing MVA-based filovirus vaccines.
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28
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Jennewein MF, Alter G. The Immunoregulatory Roles of Antibody Glycosylation. Trends Immunol 2017; 38:358-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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29
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Froude JW, Pelat T, Miethe S, Zak SE, Wec AZ, Chandran K, Brannan JM, Bakken RR, Hust M, Thullier P, Dye JM. Generation and characterization of protective antibodies to Marburg virus. MAbs 2017; 9:696-703. [PMID: 28287337 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2017.1299848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) have been a source of epidemics and outbreaks for several decades. We present here the generation and characterization of the first protective antibodies specific for wild-type MARV. Non-human primates (NHP), cynomolgus macaques, were immunized with viral-replicon particles expressing the glycoproteins (GP) of MARV (Ci67 isolate). An antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment, scFv) phage display library was built after four immunogen injections, and screened against the GP1-649 of MARV. Sequencing of 192 selected clones identified 18 clones with distinct VH and VL sequences. Four of these recombinant antibodies (R4A1, R4B11, R4G2, and R3F6) were produced in the scFv-Fc format for in vivo studies. Mice that were challenged with wild-type Marburg virus (Ci67 isolate) receiving 100 µg of scFv-Fc on days -1, 1 and 3 demonstrated protective efficacies ranging from 75-100%. The amino-acid sequences of the scFv-Fcs are similar to those of their human germline counterparts, sharing an identity ranging between 68 and 100% to human germline immunoglobulin. These results demonstrate for the first time that recombinant antibodies offer protection against wild-type MARV, and suggest they may be promising candidates for further therapeutic development especially due to their human homology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Froude
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Thibaut Pelat
- b Unite de Biotechnologie des Anticorps, Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees [IRBA-CRSSA] , La Tronche , France.,c BIOTEM, Apprieu , France
| | - Sebastian Miethe
- d Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik Braunschweig , Germany.,e YUMAB GmbH, Rebenring , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Samantha E Zak
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Anna Z Wec
- f Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Kartik Chandran
- f Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , USA
| | - Jennifer Mary Brannan
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Russell R Bakken
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
| | - Michael Hust
- d Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Biochemie, Biotechnologie und Bioinformatik Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Philippe Thullier
- b Unite de Biotechnologie des Anticorps, Institut de Recherche Biomedicale des Armees [IRBA-CRSSA] , La Tronche , France
| | - John M Dye
- a US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Disease (USAMRIID) , Fort Detrick , MD , USA
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30
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Inhibitory Antibodies Targeting Emerging Viruses: Advancements and Mechanisms. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2016; 23:535-9. [PMID: 27226280 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00136-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
From Ebola virus outbreaks in Western Africa to the introduction of chikungunya and Zika viruses in the Americas, new and neglected viruses continue to emerge and spread around the world. Due to a lack of existing vaccines or specific therapeutics, little other than supportive care and attempts to interrupt transmission can be provided during initial outbreaks. This has prompted a shift in vaccine design and development to identify novel epitopes and mechanisms of protection that may offer a broader range of protection against groups or whole families of viruses. Receptor-binding domains and other motifs within viral envelope proteins represent one excellent opportunity to target communal epitopes shared by related viruses. Similarly, for viruses where envelope participates in driving viral egress from infected cells, shared epitopes need to be identified to guide the development of broadly protective antibodies and vaccines. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of broadly protective humoral responses for emerging viruses.
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Chimeric Filoviruses for Identification and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies. J Virol 2016; 90:3890-3901. [PMID: 26819310 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00101-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recent experiments suggest that some glycoprotein (GP)-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) can protect experimental animals against the filovirus Ebola virus (EBOV). There is a need for isolation of MAbs capable of neutralizing multiple filoviruses. Antibody neutralization assays for filoviruses frequently use surrogate systems such as the rhabdovirus vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus (VSV), lentiviruses or gammaretroviruses with their envelope proteins replaced with EBOV GP or pseudotyped with EBOV GP. It is optimal for both screening and in-depth characterization of newly identified neutralizing MAbs to generate recombinant filoviruses that express a reporter fluorescent protein in order to more easily monitor and quantify the infection. Our study showed that unlike neutralization-sensitive chimeric VSV, authentic filoviruses are highly resistant to neutralization by MAbs. We used reverse genetics techniques to replace EBOV GP with its counterpart from the heterologous filoviruses Bundibugyo virus (BDBV), Sudan virus, and even Marburg virus and Lloviu virus, which belong to the heterologous genera in the filovirus family. This work resulted in generation of multiple chimeric filoviruses, demonstrating the ability of filoviruses to tolerate swapping of the envelope protein. The sensitivity of chimeric filoviruses to neutralizing MAbs was similar to that of authentic biologically derived filoviruses with the same GP. Moreover, disabling the expression of the secreted GP (sGP) resulted in an increased susceptibility of an engineered virus to the BDBV52 MAb isolated from a BDBV survivor, suggesting a role for sGP in evasion of antibody neutralization in the context of a human filovirus infection. IMPORTANCE The study demonstrated that chimeric rhabdoviruses in which G protein is replaced with filovirus GP, widely used as surrogate targets for characterization of filovirus neutralizing antibodies, do not accurately predict the ability of antibodies to neutralize authentic filoviruses, which appeared to be resistant to neutralization. However, a recombinant EBOV expressing a fluorescent protein tolerated swapping of GP with counterparts from heterologous filoviruses, allowing high-throughput screening of B cell lines to isolate MAbs of any filovirus specificity. Human MAb BDBV52, which was isolated from a survivor of BDBV infection, was capable of partially neutralizing a chimeric EBOV carrying BDBV GP in which expression of sGP was disabled. In contrast, the parental virus expressing sGP was resistant to the MAb. Thus, the ability of filoviruses to tolerate swapping of GP can be used for identification of neutralizing MAbs specific to any filovirus and for the characterization of MAb specificity and mechanism of action.
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Mahan AE, Jennewein MF, Suscovich T, Dionne K, Tedesco J, Chung AW, Streeck H, Pau M, Schuitemaker H, Francis D, Fast P, Laufer D, Walker BD, Baden L, Barouch DH, Alter G. Antigen-Specific Antibody Glycosylation Is Regulated via Vaccination. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005456. [PMID: 26982805 PMCID: PMC4794126 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, complement deposition, and antibody-dependent phagocytosis, play a critical role in immunity against multiple pathogens, particularly in the absence of neutralizing activity. Two modifications to the IgG constant domain (Fc domain) regulate antibody functionality: changes in antibody subclass and changes in a single N-linked glycan located in the CH2 domain of the IgG Fc. Together, these modifications provide a specific set of instructions to the innate immune system to direct the elimination of antibody-bound antigens. While it is clear that subclass selection is actively regulated during the course of natural infection, it is unclear whether antibody glycosylation can be tuned, in a signal-specific or pathogen-specific manner. Here, we show that antibody glycosylation is determined in an antigen- and pathogen-specific manner during HIV infection. Moreover, while dramatic differences exist in bulk IgG glycosylation among individuals in distinct geographical locations, immunization is able to overcome these differences and elicit antigen-specific antibodies with similar antibody glycosylation patterns. Additionally, distinct vaccine regimens induced different antigen-specific IgG glycosylation profiles, suggesting that antibody glycosylation is not only programmable but can be manipulated via the delivery of distinct inflammatory signals during B cell priming. These data strongly suggest that the immune system naturally drives antibody glycosylation in an antigen-specific manner and highlights a promising means by which next-generation therapeutics and vaccines can harness the antiviral activity of the innate immune system via directed alterations in antibody glycosylation in vivo. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Mahan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Madeleine F. Jennewein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Todd Suscovich
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kendall Dionne
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacquelynne Tedesco
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Medical Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Hanneke Schuitemaker
- Crucell, Leiden, Netherlands
- Academic Medical Center of the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Don Francis
- Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia Fast
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dagna Laufer
- International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lindsey Baden
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jin J, Liss NM, Chen DH, Liao M, Fox JM, Shimak RM, Fong RH, Chafets D, Bakkour S, Keating S, Fomin ME, Muench MO, Sherman MB, Doranz BJ, Diamond MS, Simmons G. Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibodies Block Chikungunya Virus Entry and Release by Targeting an Epitope Critical to Viral Pathogenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 13:2553-2564. [PMID: 26686638 PMCID: PMC4720387 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the mechanism by which neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies inhibit chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection. Potently neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) blocked infection at multiple steps of the virus life cycle, including entry and release. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of Fab fragments of two human NAbs and chikungunya virus-like particles showed a binding footprint that spanned independent domains on neighboring E2 subunits within one viral spike, suggesting a mechanism for inhibiting low-pH-dependent membrane fusion. Detailed epitope mapping identified amino acid E2-W64 as a critical interaction residue. An escape mutation (E2-W64G) at this residue rendered CHIKV attenuated in mice. Consistent with these data, CHIKV-E2-W64G failed to emerge in vivo under the selection pressure of one of the NAbs, IM-CKV063. As our study suggests that antibodies engaging the residue E2-W64 can potently inhibit CHIKV at multiple stages of infection, antibody-based therapies or immunogens that target this region might have protective value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Jin
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nathan M Liss
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Dong-Hua Chen
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maofu Liao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie M Fox
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raeann M Shimak
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel H Fong
- Integral Molecular Inc., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel Chafets
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sonia Bakkour
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sheila Keating
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marina E Fomin
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Marcus O Muench
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Michael B Sherman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Fusco ML, Hashiguchi T, Cassan R, Biggins JE, Murin CD, Warfield KL, Li S, Holtsberg FW, Shulenin S, Vu H, Olinger GG, Kim DH, Whaley KJ, Zeitlin L, Ward AB, Nykiforuk C, Aman MJ, Berry J, Saphire EO. Protective mAbs and Cross-Reactive mAbs Raised by Immunization with Engineered Marburg Virus GPs. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005016. [PMID: 26115029 PMCID: PMC4482612 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The filoviruses, which include the marburg- and ebolaviruses, have caused multiple outbreaks among humans this decade. Antibodies against the filovirus surface glycoprotein (GP) have been shown to provide life-saving therapy in nonhuman primates, but such antibodies are generally virus-specific. Many monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been described against Ebola virus. In contrast, relatively few have been described against Marburg virus. Here we present ten mAbs elicited by immunization of mice using recombinant mucin-deleted GPs from different Marburg virus (MARV) strains. Surprisingly, two of the mAbs raised against MARV GP also cross-react with the mucin-deleted GP cores of all tested ebolaviruses (Ebola, Sudan, Bundibugyo, Reston), but these epitopes are masked differently by the mucin-like domains themselves. The most efficacious mAbs in this panel were found to recognize a novel "wing" feature on the GP2 subunit that is unique to Marburg and does not exist in Ebola. Two of these anti-wing antibodies confer 90 and 100% protection, respectively, one hour post-exposure in mice challenged with MARV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie L. Fusco
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Takao Hashiguchi
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Robyn Cassan
- Emergent BioSolutions (formerly Cangene Corporation), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Julia E. Biggins
- Division of Virology, United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Murin
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kelly L. Warfield
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | | | - Sergey Shulenin
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hong Vu
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gene G. Olinger
- Division of Virology, United States Army Research Institute for Infectious Disease, Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
- Integrated Research Facility, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Do H. Kim
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Whaley
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Larry Zeitlin
- Mapp Biopharmaceutical, Inc., San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew B. Ward
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Cory Nykiforuk
- Emergent BioSolutions (formerly Cangene Corporation), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jody Berry
- Emergent BioSolutions (formerly Cangene Corporation), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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35
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Wrensch F, Karsten CB, Gnirß K, Hoffmann M, Lu K, Takada A, Winkler M, Simmons G, Pöhlmann S. Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein-Mediated Inhibition of Host Cell Entry of Ebolaviruses. J Infect Dis 2015; 212 Suppl 2:S210-8. [PMID: 26034199 PMCID: PMC4564551 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebolaviruses are highly pathogenic in humans and nonhuman primates and pose a severe threat to public health. The interferon-induced transmembrane (IFITM) proteins can restrict entry of ebolaviruses, influenza A viruses, and other enveloped viruses. However, the breadth and mechanism of the antiviral activity of IFITM proteins are incompletely understood. Here, we employed ebolavirus glycoprotein–pseudotyped vectors and ebolavirus-like particles to address this question. We show that IFITM proteins inhibit the cellular entry of diverse ebolaviruses and demonstrate that type I interferon induces IFITM protein expression in macrophages, major viral targets. Moreover, we show that IFITM proteins block entry of influenza A viruses and ebolaviruses by different mechanisms and provide evidence that antibodies and IFITM proteins can synergistically inhibit cellular entry of ebolaviruses. These results provide insights into the role of IFITM proteins in infection by ebolaviruses and suggest a mechanism by which antibodies, though poorly neutralizing in vitro, might contribute to viral control in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina B Karsten
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen Institute for Cellular Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Germany
| | - Kerstin Gnirß
- Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center, Göttingen
| | | | - Kai Lu
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Graham Simmons
- Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California
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36
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Mechanism of human antibody-mediated neutralization of Marburg virus. Cell 2015; 160:893-903. [PMID: 25723164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which neutralizing antibodies inhibit Marburg virus (MARV) are not known. We isolated a panel of neutralizing antibodies from a human MARV survivor that bind to MARV glycoprotein (GP) and compete for binding to a single major antigenic site. Remarkably, several of the antibodies also bind to Ebola virus (EBOV) GP. Single-particle EM structures of antibody-GP complexes reveal that all of the neutralizing antibodies bind to MARV GP at or near the predicted region of the receptor-binding site. The presence of the glycan cap or mucin-like domain blocks binding of neutralizing antibodies to EBOV GP, but not to MARV GP. The data suggest that MARV-neutralizing antibodies inhibit virus by binding to infectious virions at the exposed MARV receptor-binding site, revealing a mechanism of filovirus inhibition.
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37
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Interaction between TIM-1 and NPC1 Is Important for Cellular Entry of Ebola Virus. J Virol 2015; 89:6481-93. [PMID: 25855742 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03156-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple host molecules are known to be involved in the cellular entry of filoviruses, including Ebola virus (EBOV); T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 1 (TIM-1) and Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) have been identified as attachment and fusion receptors, respectively. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the entry process have not been fully understood. We found that TIM-1 and NPC1 colocalized and interacted in the intracellular vesicles where EBOV glycoprotein (GP)-mediated membrane fusion occurred. Interestingly, a TIM-1-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb), M224/1, prevented GP-mediated membrane fusion and also interfered with the binding of TIM-1 to NPC1, suggesting that the interaction between TIM-1 and NPC1 is important for filovirus membrane fusion. Moreover, MAb M224/1 efficiently inhibited the cellular entry of viruses from all known filovirus species. These data suggest a novel mechanism underlying filovirus membrane fusion and provide a potential cellular target for antiviral compounds that can be universally used against filovirus infections. IMPORTANCE Filoviruses, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, cause rapidly fatal diseases in humans and nonhuman primates. There are currently no approved vaccines or therapeutics for filovirus diseases. In general, the cellular entry step of viruses is one of the key mechanisms to develop antiviral strategies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the entry process of filoviruses have not been fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that TIM-1 and NPC1, which serve as attachment and fusion receptors for filovirus entry, interact in the intracellular vesicles where Ebola virus GP-mediated membrane fusion occurs and that this interaction is important for filovirus infection. We found that filovirus infection and GP-mediated membrane fusion in cultured cells were remarkably suppressed by treatment with a TIM-1-specific monoclonal antibody that interfered with the interaction between TIM-1 and NPC1. Our data provide new insights for the development of antiviral compounds that can be universally used against filovirus infections.
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38
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Kajihara M, Takada A. Host Cell Factors Involved in Filovirus Infection. CURRENT TROPICAL MEDICINE REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40475-015-0039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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39
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Structures of protective antibodies reveal sites of vulnerability on Ebola virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:17182-7. [PMID: 25404321 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1414164111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) and related filoviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever, with up to 90% lethality, and no treatments are approved for human use. Multiple recent outbreaks of EBOV and the likelihood of future human exposure highlight the need for pre- and postexposure treatments. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) cocktails are particularly attractive candidates due to their proven postexposure efficacy in nonhuman primate models of EBOV infection. Two candidate cocktails, MB-003 and ZMAb, have been extensively evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. Recently, these two therapeutics have been combined into a new cocktail named ZMapp, which showed increased efficacy and has been given compassionately to some human patients. Epitope information and mechanism of action are currently unknown for most of the component mAbs. Here we provide single-particle EM reconstructions of every mAb in the ZMapp cocktail, as well as additional antibodies from MB-003 and ZMAb. Our results illuminate key and recurring sites of vulnerability on the EBOV glycoprotein and provide a structural rationale for the efficacy of ZMapp. Interestingly, two of its components recognize overlapping epitopes and compete with each other for binding. Going forward, this work now provides a basis for strategic selection of next-generation antibody cocktails against Ebola and related viruses and a model for predicting the impact of ZMapp on potential escape mutations in ongoing or future Ebola outbreaks.
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40
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Masrinoul P, Puiprom O, Tanaka A, Kuwahara M, Chaichana P, Ikuta K, Ramasoota P, Okabayashi T. Monoclonal antibody targeting chikungunya virus envelope 1 protein inhibits virus release. Virology 2014; 464-465:111-117. [PMID: 25063884 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes an acute clinical illness characterized by sudden high fever, intense joint pain, and skin rash. Recent outbreaks of chikungunya disease in Africa and Asia are a major public health concern; however, there is currently no effective licensed vaccine or specific treatment. This study reported the development of a mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb), CK47, which recognizes domain III within the viral envelope 1 protein and inhibited the viral release process, thereby preventing the production of progeny virus. The MAb had no effect on virus entry and replication processes. Thus, CK47 may be a useful tool for studying the mechanisms underlying CHIKV release and may show potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Promsin Masrinoul
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Orapim Puiprom
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miwa Kuwahara
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Panjaporn Chaichana
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kazuyoshi Ikuta
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Pongrama Ramasoota
- Center of Excellence for Antibody Research, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Tamaki Okabayashi
- Mahidol-Osaka Center for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Ratchawithi Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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41
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Abstract
Multiple recent, independent studies have confirmed that passively administered antibodies can provide effective postexposure therapy in nonhuman primates after exposure to an otherwise lethal dose of Ebola virus or Marburg virus. In this article, we review composition and performance of the antibody cocktails tested thus far, what is known about antibody epitopes on the viral glycoprotein target and ongoing research questions in further development of such cocktails for pre-exposure or emergency postexposure use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Science & The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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42
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Muramatsu M, Yoshida R, Yokoyama A, Miyamoto H, Kajihara M, Maruyama J, Nao N, Manzoor R, Takada A. Comparison of antiviral activity between IgA and IgG specific to influenza virus hemagglutinin: increased potential of IgA for heterosubtypic immunity. PLoS One 2014; 9:e85582. [PMID: 24465606 PMCID: PMC3895000 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both IgA and IgG antibodies are known to play important roles in protection against influenza virus infection. While IgG is the major isotype induced systemically, IgA is predominant in mucosal tissues, including the upper respiratory tract. Although IgA antibodies are believed to have unique advantages in mucosal immunity, information on direct comparisons of the in vitro antiviral activities of IgA and IgG antibodies recognizing the same epitope is limited. In this study, we demonstrate differences in antiviral activities between these isotypes using monoclonal IgA and IgG antibodies obtained from hybridomas of the same origin. Polymeric IgA-producing hybridoma cells were successfully subcloned from those originally producing monoclonal antibody S139/1, a hemaggulutinin (HA)-specific IgG that was generated against an influenza A virus strain of the H3 subtype but had cross-neutralizing activities against the H1, H2, H13, and H16 subtypes. These monoclonal S139/1 IgA and IgG antibodies were assumed to recognize the same epitope and thus used to compare their antiviral activities. We found that both S139/1 IgA and IgG antibodies strongly bound to the homologous H3 virus in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and there were no significant differences in their hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing activities against the H3 virus. In contrast, S139/1 IgA showed remarkably higher cross-binding to and antiviral activities against H1, H2, and H13 viruses than S139/1 IgG. It was also noted that S139/1 IgA, but not IgG, drastically suppressed the extracellular release of the viruses from infected cells. Electron microscopy revealed that S139/1 IgA deposited newly produced viral particles on the cell surface, most likely by tethering the particles. These results suggest that anti-HA IgA has greater potential to prevent influenza A virus infection than IgG antibodies, likely due to increased avidity conferred by its multivalency, and that this advantage may be particularly important for heterosubtypic immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Muramatsu
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayaka Yokoyama
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyamoto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naganori Nao
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rashid Manzoor
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
- * E-mail:
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Takada A. Do therapeutic antibodies hold the key to an effective treatment for Ebola hemorrhagic fever? Immunotherapy 2013; 5:441-3. [PMID: 23638738 DOI: 10.2217/imt.13.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Noyori O, Matsuno K, Kajihara M, Nakayama E, Igarashi M, Kuroda M, Isoda N, Yoshida R, Takada A. Differential potential for envelope glycoprotein-mediated steric shielding of host cell surface proteins among filoviruses. Virology 2013; 446:152-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Muramatsu M, Yoshida R, Miyamoto H, Tomabechi D, Kajihara M, Maruyama J, Kimura T, Manzoor R, Ito K, Takada A. Heterosubtypic antiviral activity of hemagglutinin-specific antibodies induced by intranasal immunization with inactivated influenza viruses in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71534. [PMID: 23977065 PMCID: PMC3745432 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus subtypes are classified on the basis of the antigenicity of their envelope glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA; H1–H17) and neuraminidase. Since HA-specific neutralizing antibodies are predominantly specific for a single HA subtype, the contribution of antibodies to the heterosubtypic immunity is not fully understood. In this study, mice were immunized intranasally or subcutaneously with viruses having the H1, H3, H5, H7, H9, or H13 HA subtype, and cross-reactivities of induced IgG and IgA antibodies to recombinant HAs of the H1–H16 subtypes were analyzed. We found that both subcutaneous and intranasal immunizations induced antibody responses to multiple HAs of different subtypes, whereas IgA was not detected remarkably in mice immunized subcutaneously. Using serum, nasal wash, and trachea-lung wash samples of H9 virus-immunized mice, neutralizing activities of cross-reactive antibodies were then evaluated by plaque-reduction assays. As expected, no heterosubtypic neutralizing activity was detected by a standard neutralization test in which viruses were mixed with antibodies prior to inoculation into cultured cells. Interestingly, however, a remarkable reduction of plaque formation and extracellular release of the H12 virus, which was bound by the H9-induced cross-reactive antibodies, was observed when infected cells were subsequently cultured with the samples containing HA-specific cross-reactive IgA. This heterosubtypic plaque reduction was interfered when the samples were pretreated with anti-mouse IgA polyclonal serum. These results suggest that the majority of HA-specific cross-reactive IgG and IgA antibodies produced by immunization do not block cellular entry of viruses, but cross-reactive IgA may have the potential to inhibit viral egress from infected cells and thus to play a role in heterosubtypic immunity against influenza A viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Muramatsu
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Miyamoto
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomabechi
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Junki Maruyama
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kimura
- Division of Molecular Pathobiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Rashid Manzoor
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimihito Ito
- Division of Bioinformatics, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ayato Takada
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Zhu Z, Prabakaran P, Chen W, Broder CC, Gong R, Dimitrov DS. Human monoclonal antibodies as candidate therapeutics against emerging viruses and HIV-1. Virol Sin 2013; 28:71-80. [PMID: 23575729 PMCID: PMC7090799 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-013-3313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 40 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been approved for a number of disease indications with only one of these (Synagis) - for a viral disease, and not for therapy but for prevention. However, in the last decade novel potent mAbs have been discovered and characterized with potential as therapeutics against viruses of major importance for public health and biosecurity including Hendra virus (HeV), Nipah virus (NiV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus (EBOV), West Nile virus (WNV), influenza virus (IFV) and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we review such mAbs with an emphasis on antibodies of human origin, and highlight recent results as well as technologies and mechanisms related to their potential as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Zhu
- Protein Interactions Group, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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Kajihara M, Nakayama E, Marzi A, Igarashi M, Feldmann H, Takada A. Novel mutations in Marburg virus glycoprotein associated with viral evasion from antibody mediated immune pressure. J Gen Virol 2013; 94:876-883. [PMID: 23288419 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.049114-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus, members of the family Filoviridae, cause lethal haemorrhagic fever in humans and non-human primates. Although the outbreaks are concentrated mainly in Central Africa, these viruses are potential agents of imported infectious diseases and bioterrorism in non-African countries. Recent studies demonstrated that non-human primates passively immunized with virus-specific antibodies were successfully protected against fatal filovirus infection, highlighting the important role of antibodies in protective immunity for this disease. However, the mechanisms underlying potential evasion from antibody mediated immune pressure are not well understood. To analyse possible mutations involved in immune evasion in the MARV envelope glycoprotein (GP) which is the major target of protective antibodies, we selected escape mutants of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) expressing MARV GP (rVSVΔG/MARVGP) by using two GP-specific mAbs, AGP127-8 and MGP72-17, which have been previously shown to inhibit MARV budding. Interestingly, several rVSVΔG/MARVGP variants escaping from the mAb pressure-acquired amino acid substitutions in the furin-cleavage site rather than in the mAb-specific epitopes, suggesting that these epitopes are recessed, not exposed on the uncleaved GP molecule, and therefore inaccessible to the mAbs. More surprisingly, some variants escaping mAb MGP72-17 lacked a large proportion of the mucin-like region of GP, indicating that these mutants efficiently escaped the selective pressure by deleting the mucin-like region including the mAb-specific epitope. Our data demonstrate that MARV GP possesses the potential to evade antibody mediated immune pressure due to extraordinary structural flexibility and variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kajihara
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Eri Nakayama
- Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Manabu Igarashi
- Division of Bioinformatics, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Ayato Takada
- School of Veterinary Medicine, the University of Zambia, P. O. Box 32379, Lusaka, Zambia.,Division of Global Epidemiology, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
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Abstract
Filoviruses (Ebola and Marburg viruses) cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. No effective prophylaxis or treatment for filovirus diseases is yet commercially available. Recent studies have advanced our knowledge of filovirus protein functions and interaction between viral and host factors in the replication cycle. Current findings on the ecology of filoviruses (i.e., natural infection of nonprimate animals and discovery of a new member of filoviruses in Europe) have also provided new insights into the epidemiology of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fever. This article reviews the fundamental aspects of filovirus biology and the latest topics on filovirus research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayato Takada
- Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control
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