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Mbewe W, Mukasa S, Ochwo-Ssemakula M, Sseruwagi P, Tairo F, Ndunguru J, Duffy S. Cassava brown streak virus evolves with a nucleotide-substitution rate that is typical for the family Potyviridae. Virus Res 2024; 346:199397. [PMID: 38750679 PMCID: PMC11145536 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The ipomoviruses (family Potyviridae) that cause cassava brown streak disease (cassava brown streak virus [CBSV] and Uganda cassava brown streak virus [UCBSV]) are damaging plant pathogens that affect the sustainability of cassava production in East and Central Africa. However, little is known about the rate at which the viruses evolve and when they emerged in Africa - which inform how easily these viruses can host shift and resist RNAi approaches for control. We present here the rates of evolution determined from the coat protein gene (CP) of CBSV (Temporal signal in a UCBSV dataset was not sufficient for comparable analysis). Our BEAST analysis estimated the CBSV CP evolves at a mean rate of 1.43 × 10-3 nucleotide substitutions per site per year, with the most recent common ancestor of sampled CBSV isolates existing in 1944 (95% HPD, between years 1922 - 1963). We compared the published measured and estimated rates of evolution of CPs from ten families of plant viruses and showed that CBSV is an average-evolving potyvirid, but that members of Potyviridae evolve more quickly than members of Virgaviridae and the single representatives of Betaflexiviridae, Bunyaviridae, Caulimoviridae and Closteroviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willard Mbewe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Malawi University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 5196, Limbe, Malawi.
| | - Settumba Mukasa
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Department of Agricultural Production, P. O. Box 7062, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mildred Ochwo-Ssemakula
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Department of Agricultural Production, P. O. Box 7062, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Sseruwagi
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Slaam, Tanzania
| | - Fred Tairo
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Slaam, Tanzania
| | - Joseph Ndunguru
- Mikocheni Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 6226, Dar es Slaam, Tanzania
| | - Siobain Duffy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States.
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Pimenta RJG, Macleod K, Babb R, Coleman K, MacDonald J, Asare-Bediako E, Newbert MJ, Jenner CE, Walsh JA. Genetic Variation of Turnip Yellows Virus in Arable and Vegetable Brassica Crops, Perennial Wild Brassicas, and Aphid Vectors Collected from the Plants. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:616-623. [PMID: 37787684 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0906-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Turnip yellows virus (TuYV; Polerovirus, Solemoviridae) infects and causes yield losses in a range of economically important crop species, particularly the Brassicaceae. It is persistently transmitted by several aphid species and is difficult to control. Although the incidence and genetic diversity of TuYV has been extensively investigated in recent years, little is known about how the diversity within host plants relates to that in its vectors. Arable oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and vegetable brassica plants (Brassica oleracea), wild cabbage (B. oleracea), and aphids present on these plants were sampled in the field in three regions of the United Kingdom. High levels of TuYV (82 to 97%) were detected in plants in all three regions following enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. TuYV was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Brevicoryne brassicae aphids collected from plants, and TuYV sequences were obtained. Two TuYV open reading frames, ORF0 and ORF3, were partially sequenced from 15 plants, and from one aphid collected from each plant. Comparative analyses between TuYV sequences from host plants and B. brassicae collected from respective plants revealed differences between some ORF0 sequences, which possibly indicated that at least two of the aphids might not have been carrying the same TuYV isolates as those present in their host plants. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses including published, the new TuYV sequences described above, 101 previously unpublished sequences of TuYV from oilseed rape in the United Kingdom, and 13 also previously unpublished sequences of TuYV from oilseed rape in Europe and China revealed three distinct major clades for ORF0 and one for ORF3, with some distinct subclades. Some clustering was related to geographic origin. Explanations for TuYV sequence differences between plants and the aphids present on respective plants and implications for the epidemiology and control of TuYV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo J G Pimenta
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, 13083-875, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Kyle Macleod
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Robyn Babb
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Kaitlyn Coleman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Joni MacDonald
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Elvis Asare-Bediako
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
- University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Max J Newbert
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - Carol E Jenner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
| | - John A Walsh
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, CV35 9EF, Wellesbourne, U.K
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Wei S, Liu L, Chen G, Yang H, Huang L, Gong G, Luo P, Zhang M. Molecular evolution and phylogeographic analysis of wheat dwarf virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1314526. [PMID: 38419641 PMCID: PMC10901289 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1314526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Wheat dwarf virus (WDV) has caused considerable economic loss in the global production of grain crops. Knowledge of the evolutionary biology and population history of the pathogen remain poorly understood. We performed molecular evolution and worldwide phylodynamic analyses of the virus based on the genes in the protein-coding region of the entire viral genome. Our results showed that host-driven and geography-driven adaptation are major factors that affects the evolution of WDV. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis estimates that the average WDV substitution rate was 4.240 × 10-4 substitutions/site/year (95% credibility interval, 2.828 × 10-4-5.723 × 10-4), and the evolutionary rates of genes encoding proteins with virion-sense transcripts and genes encoding proteins with complementary-sense transcripts were different. The positively selected sites were detected in only two genes encoding proteins with complementary-sense, and WDV-barley are subject to stronger purifying selection than WDV-wheat. The time since the most recent common WDV ancestor was 1746 (95% credibility interval, 1517-1893) CE. Further analyses identified that the WDV-barley population and WDV-wheat population experienced dramatic expansion-decline episodes, and the expansion time of the WDV-barley population was earlier than that of the WDV-wheat population. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that the WDV population originating in Iran was subsequently introduced to Europe, and then spread from Eastern Europe to China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Wei
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Linwen Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - PeiGao Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Dexheimer S, Shrestha N, Chapagain BS, Bujarski JJ, Yin Y. Characterization of Variant RNAs Encapsidated during Bromovirus Infection by High-Throughput Sequencing. Pathogens 2024; 13:96. [PMID: 38276169 PMCID: PMC10819421 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previously, we described the RNA recombinants accumulating in tissues infected with the bromoviruses BMV (Brome mosaic virus) and CCMV (Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus). In this work, we characterize the recombinants encapsidated inside the purified virion particles of BMV and CCMV. By using a tool called the Viral Recombination Mapper (ViReMa) that detects recombination junctions, we analyzed a high number of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) short RNA sequence reads. Over 28% of BMV or CCMV RNA reads did not perfectly map to the viral genomes. ViReMa identified 1.40% and 1.83% of these unmapped reads as the RNA recombinants, respectively, in BMV and CCMV. Intra-segmental crosses were more frequent than the inter-segmental ones. Most intra-segmental junctions carried short insertions/deletions (indels) and caused frameshift mutations. The mutation hotspots clustered mainly within the open reading frames. Substitutions of various lengths were also identified, whereas a small fraction of crosses occurred between viral and their host RNAs. Our data reveal that the virions can package detectable amounts of multivariate recombinant RNAs, contributing to the flexible nature of the viral genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dexheimer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA; (S.D.); (N.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Nipin Shrestha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA; (S.D.); (N.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Bandana Sharma Chapagain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA; (S.D.); (N.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Jozef J. Bujarski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA; (S.D.); (N.S.); (B.S.C.)
| | - Yanbin Yin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Plant Molecular and Bioinformatics Center, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA; (S.D.); (N.S.); (B.S.C.)
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
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Rabadán MP, Juárez M, Gómez P. Long-Term Monitoring of Aphid-Transmitted Viruses in Melon and Zucchini Crops: Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus and Watermelon Mosaic Virus. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:1761-1772. [PMID: 37014099 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-10-22-0394-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the emergence and prevalence of viral diseases in crops requires the systematic epidemiological monitoring of viruses, as well as the analysis of how ecological and evolutionary processes combine to shape viral population dynamics. Here, we extensively monitored the occurrence of six aphid-transmitted viruses in melon and zucchini crops in Spain for 10 consecutive cropping seasons between 2011 and 2020. The most prevalent viruses were cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), found in 31 and 26% of samples with yellowing and mosaic symptoms. Other viruses, such as zucchini yellow mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, Moroccan watermelon mosaic virus, and papaya ring spot virus, were detected less frequently (<3%) and mostly in mixed infections. Notably, our statistical analysis showed a significant association between CABYV and WMV in melon and zucchini hosts, suggesting that mixed infections might be influencing the evolutionary epidemiology of these viral diseases. We then carried out a comprehensive genetic characterization of the full-length genome sequences from CABYV and WMV isolates by using the Pacific Biosciences single-molecule real-time (PacBio) high-throughput technology to assess the genetic variation and structure of their populations. Our results showed that the CABYV population displayed seven codons under positive selection, and although most isolates clustered in the Mediterranean clade, a subsequent analysis of molecular variance revealed a significant, fine-scale temporal structure, which was in part explained by the level of the variance between isolates from single and mixed infections. In contrast, the WMV population genetic analysis showed that most of the isolates grouped into the Emergent clade, with no genetic differentiation and under purifying selection. These results underlie the epidemiological relevance of mixed infections for CABYV and provide a link between genetic diversity and CABYV dynamics at the whole-genome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Rabadán
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - M Juárez
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO), Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra de Beniel km 3,2 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - P Gómez
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), CSIC, Departamento de Biología del Estrés y Patología Vegetal, P.O. Box 164, 30100, Murcia, Spain
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Stainton D, Villamor DEV, Sierra Mejia A, Srivastava A, Mollov D, Martin RR, Tzanetakis IE. Genomic analyses of a widespread blueberry virus in the United States. Virus Res 2023; 333:199143. [PMID: 37271421 PMCID: PMC10352716 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Screening of blueberry accessions using high throughput sequencing revealed the presence of a new virus. Genomic structure and sequence are similar to that of nectarine stem pitting associated virus (NSPaV), a member of the genus Luteovirus, family Tombusviridae. The full genome of the new luteovirus, tentatively named blueberry virus L (BlVL), was characterized and analyzed. Similar to NSPaV, BlVL does not contain readily identifiable movement proteins in any of the seven isolates sequenced. More than 600 samples collected from five states were screened and 79% were found infected, making BlVL the most widespread blueberry virus in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Stainton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Dan E V Villamor
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Andrea Sierra Mejia
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Ashish Srivastava
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Dimitre Mollov
- USDA-ARS, Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, 3420 NW Orchard Ave, Corvallis, OR 97330; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | | | - Ioannis E Tzanetakis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas System, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Erickson A, Falk BW. Dissecting dynamic plant virus synergism in mixed infections of poleroviruses, umbraviruses, and tombusvirus-like associated RNAs. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1223265. [PMID: 37485502 PMCID: PMC10359716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1223265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed infections of a plant infecting polerovirus, umbravirus, and/or tombusvirus-like associated RNAs (tlaRNAs) produce unique virus disease complexes that exemplify "helper-dependence" interactions, a type of viral synergism that occurs when a "dependent" virus that lacks genes encoding for certain protein products necessary for it to complete its infection cycle can utilize complementary proteins encoded by a co-infecting "helper" virus. While much research has focused on polerovirus-umbravirus or polerovirus-tlaRNA interactions, only recently have umbravirus-tlaRNA interactions begun to be explored. To expand on the limited understanding of umbravirus-tlaRNA interactions in such disease complexes, we established various co-infection pairings of the polerovirus turnip yellows virus (TuYV), the umbravirus carrot mottle virus (CMoV), and three different tlaRNAs-carrot red leaf virus aRNAs (CRLVaRNAs) gamma and sigma, and the TuYVaRNA ST9-in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana, then investigated the effects of these different co-infections on tlaRNA systemic movement within the host, and on virus accumulation, and aphid and mechanical transmission of each of these viruses. We found that CMoV alone could support systemic movement of each of the tlaRNAs, making this the second report to demonstrate such an interaction between an umbravirus and tlaRNAs. We also report for the first time that CMoV could also impart mechanical transmissibility to the tlaRNAs sigma and ST9, and that co-infections of either of these tlaRNAs with both TuYV and CMoV increased the efficiency with which TuYV could be mechanically co-transmitted with CMoV.
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Wei S, Chen G, Yang H, Huang L, Gong G, Luo P, Zhang M. Global molecular evolution and phylogeographic analysis of barley yellow dwarf virus based on the cp and mp genes. Virol J 2023; 20:130. [PMID: 37340422 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02084-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) has caused considerable losses in the global production of grain crops such as wheat, barley and maize. We investigated the phylodynamics of the virus by analysing 379 and 485 nucleotide sequences of the genes encoding the coat protein and movement protein, respectively. The maximum clade credibility tree indicated that BYDV-GAV and BYDV-MAV, BYDV-PAV and BYDV-PAS share the same evolutionary lineage, respectively. The diversification of BYDV arises from its adaptability to vector insects and geography. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses showed that the mean substitution rates of the coat and movement proteins of BYDV ranged from 8.327 × 10- 4 (4.700 × 10- 4-1.228 × 10- 3) and 8.671 × 10- 4 (6.143 × 10- 4-1.130 × 10- 3) substitutions/site/year, respectively. The time since the most recent common BYDV ancestor was 1434 (1040-1766) CE (Common Era). The Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) showed that the BYDV population experienced dramatic expansions approximately 8 years into the 21st century, followed by a dramatic decline in less than 15 years. Our phylogeographic analysis showed that the BYDV population originating in the United States was subsequently introduced to Europe, South America, Australia and Asia. The migration pathways of BYDV suggest that the global spread of BYDV is associated with human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Wei
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guoliang Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hui Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Liang Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoshu Gong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - PeiGao Luo
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Complete genome sequence of a novel polerovirus infecting chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Arch Virol 2022; 167:2783-2788. [PMID: 36269414 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05581-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a novel polerovirus identified in chickpea (C. arietinum L.) is presented. Its sequence was assembled using small RNA sequencing and assembly (sRSA) and confirmed by RT-PCR, 5' and 3' RACE, and Sanger sequencing. According to the current ICTV sequence demarcation criterion of greater than 10% amino acid (aa) sequence divergence in all gene products when compared to other poleroviruses, the newly identified polerovirus should be classified as a member of a new species, and we propose the name "chickpea leafroll virus" (CpLRV) for this virus. The genome of CpLRV is 5,770 nucleotides (nt) long and is organized into seven open reading frames (ORFs), designated as ORF0, ORF1, ORF2, ORF3a, ORF3, ORF4, and ORF5, which code for putative P0, P1, P1-P2, P3a, P3, P4, and P3-P5 proteins, respectively. The 5' untranslated region (UTR) consists of 27 nt, starting with the conserved sequence 5'-ACAAAA-3', which is typical of poleroviruses, while the 3' UTR consists of 229 nt. Phylogenetic analysis based on the aa sequences of P0, P1, P1-P2, P3, P4, and P3-P5 showed that CpLRV clustered with members of the genus Polerovirus and is closely related to chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV) and faba bean polerovirus 1 (FBPV1). Recombination analysis suggested that CpLRV is a recombinant of two unknown viruses that share the highest nucleotide sequence similarity with FBPV1 (76.9% identity) and suakwa aphid-borne yellows virus (SAbYV) (64.8% identity). The putative recombination event was identified in the 5' region of the CpLRV genome, the region that encodes proteins P0, P1, and P1-P2. This is the first report of a polerovirus infecting chickpea in Mexico.
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Thompson JR. Analysis of the genome of grapevine red blotch virus and related grabloviruses indicates diversification prior to the arrival of Vitis vinifera in North America. J Gen Virol 2022; 103. [PMID: 36205485 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study 163 complete whole-genome sequences of the emerging pathogen grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV; genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) were used to reconstruct phylogenies using Bayesian analyses on time-tipped (heterochronous) data. Using different combinations of priors, Bayes factors identified heterochronous datasets (3×200 million chains) generated from strict clock and exponential tree priors as being the most robust. Substitution rates of 3.2×10-5 subsitutions per site per year (95% HPD 4.3-2.1×10-5) across the whole of the GRBV genome were estimated, suggesting ancestral GRBV diverged from ancestral wild Vitis latent virus 1 around 9 000 years ago, well before the first documented arrival of Vitis vinifera in North America. Whole-genome analysis of GRBV isolates in a single infected field-grown grapevine across 12 years identified 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms none of which were fixed substitutions: an observation not discordant with the in silico estimate. The substitution rate estimated here is lower than those estimated for other geminiviruses and is the first for a woody-host-infecting geminivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy R Thompson
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,Present address: Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Ministry for Primary Industries, Auckland 1140, New Zealand
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Farooq T, Hussain MD, Shakeel MT, Riaz H, Waheed U, Siddique M, Shahzadi I, Aslam MN, Tang Y, She X, He Z. Global genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns among Potato leafroll virus populations. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022016. [PMID: 36590416 PMCID: PMC9801716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is a widespread and one of the most damaging viral pathogens causing significant quantitative and qualitative losses in potato worldwide. The current knowledge of the geographical distribution, standing genetic diversity and the evolutionary patterns existing among global PLRV populations is limited. Here, we employed several bioinformatics tools and comprehensively analyzed the diversity, genomic variability, and the dynamics of key evolutionary factors governing the global spread of this viral pathogen. To date, a total of 84 full-genomic sequences of PLRV isolates have been reported from 22 countries with most genomes documented from Kenya. Among all PLRV-encoded major proteins, RTD and P0 displayed the highest level of nucleotide variability. The highest percentage of mutations were associated with RTD (38.81%) and P1 (31.66%) in the coding sequences. We detected a total of 10 significantly supported recombination events while the most frequently detected ones were associated with PLRV genome sequences reported from Kenya. Notably, the distribution patterns of recombination breakpoints across different genomic regions of PLRV isolates remained variable. Further analysis revealed that with exception of a few positively selected codons, a major part of the PLRV genome is evolving under strong purifying selection. Protein disorder prediction analysis revealed that CP-RTD had the highest percentage (48%) of disordered amino acids and the majority (27%) of disordered residues were positioned at the C-terminus. These findings will extend our current knowledge of the PLRV geographical prevalence, genetic diversity, and evolutionary factors that are presumably shaping the global spread and successful adaptation of PLRV as a destructive potato pathogen to geographically isolated regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Dilshad Hussain
- State Key Laboratory for Agro-Biotechnology, and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory for Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Taimoor Shakeel
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hasan Riaz
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Ummara Waheed
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Maria Siddique
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Aslam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture & Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Yafei Tang
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoman She
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoman She, ; Zifu He,
| | - Zifu He
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Plant Protection Research Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoman She, ; Zifu He,
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Umar M, Tegg RS, Farooq T, Thangavel T, Wilson CR. Abundance of Poleroviruses within Tasmanian Pea Crops and Surrounding Weeds, and the Genetic Diversity of TuYV Isolates Found. Viruses 2022; 14:1690. [PMID: 36016314 PMCID: PMC9416036 DOI: 10.3390/v14081690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Polerovirus contains positive-sense, single-stranded RNA plant viruses that cause significant disease in many agricultural crops, including vegetable legumes. This study aimed to identify and determine the abundance of Polerovirus species present within Tasmanian pea crops and surrounding weeds that may act as virus reservoirs. We further sought to examine the genetic diversity of TuYV, the most commonly occurring polerovirus identified. Pea and weed samples were collected during 2019-2020 between October and January from thirty-four sites across three different regions (far northwest, north, and midlands) of Tasmania and tested by RT-PCR assay, with selected samples subject to next-generation sequencing. Results revealed that the presence of polerovirus infection and the prevalence of TuYV in both weeds and pea crops varied across the three Tasmanian cropping regions, with TuYV infection levels in pea crops ranging between 0 and 27.5% of tested plants. Overall, two species members from each genus, Polerovirus and Potyvirus, one member from each of Luteovirus, Potexvirus, and Carlavirus, and an unclassified virus from the family Partitiviridae were also found as a result of NGS data analysis. Analysis of gene sequences of the P0 and P3 genes of Tasmanian TuYV isolates revealed substantial genetic diversity within the collection, with a few isolates appearing more closely aligned with BrYV isolates. Questions remain around the differentiation of TuYV and BrYV species. Phylogenetic inconsistency in the P0 and P3 ORFs supports the concept that recombination may have played a role in TuYV evolution in Tasmania. Results of the evolutionary analysis showed that the selection pressure was higher in the P0 gene than in the P3 gene, and the majority of the codons for each gene are evolving under purifying selection. Future full genome-based analyses of the genetic variations will expand our understanding of the evolutionary patterns existing among TuYV populations in Tasmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Tamilarasan Thangavel
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries (Queensland), Bundaberg Research Facility, 49 Ashfield Road, Bundaberg, QLD 4670, Australia
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, 13 St. Johns Avenue, New Town, Hobart, TAS 7008, Australia; (M.U.); (R.S.T.); (T.T.)
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13
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Gene Overlapping as a Modulator of Begomovirus Evolution. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020366. [PMID: 35208820 PMCID: PMC8875319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In RNA viruses, which have high mutation—and fast evolutionary— rates, gene overlapping (i.e., genomic regions that encode more than one protein) is a major factor controlling mutational load and therefore the virus evolvability. Although DNA viruses use host high-fidelity polymerases for their replication, and therefore should have lower mutation rates, it has been shown that some of them have evolutionary rates comparable to those of RNA viruses. Notably, these viruses have large proportions of their genes with at least one overlapping instance. Hence, gene overlapping could be a modulator of virus evolution beyond the RNA world. To test this hypothesis, we use the genus Begomovirus of plant viruses as a model. Through comparative genomic approaches, we show that terminal gene overlapping decreases the rate of virus evolution, which is associated with lower frequency of both synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations. In contrast, terminal overlapping has little effect on the pace of virus evolution. Overall, our analyses support a role for gene overlapping in the evolution of begomoviruses and provide novel information on the factors that shape their genetic diversity.
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14
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LaTourrette K, Holste NM, Garcia-Ruiz H. Polerovirus genomic variation. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab102. [PMID: 35299789 PMCID: PMC8923251 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The polerovirus (family Solemoviridae, genus Polerovirus) genome consists of single-, positive-strand RNA organized in overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) that, in addition to others, code for protein 0 (P0, a gene silencing suppressor), a coat protein (CP, ORF3), and a read-through domain (ORF5) that is fused to the CP to form a CP-read-through (RT) protein. The genus Polerovirus contains twenty-six virus species that infect a wide variety of plants from cereals to cucurbits, to peppers. Poleroviruses are transmitted by a wide range of aphid species in the genera Rhopalosiphum, Stiobion, Aphis, and Myzus. Aphid transmission is mediated both by the CP and by the CP-RT. In viruses, mutational robustness and structural flexibility are necessary for maintaining functionality in genetically diverse sets of host plants and vectors. Under this scenario, within a virus genome, mutations preferentially accumulate in areas that are determinants of host adaptation or vector transmission. In this study, we profiled genomic variation in poleroviruses. Consistent with their multifunctional nature, single-nucleotide variation and selection analyses showed that ORFs coding for P0 and the read-through domain within the CP-RT are the most variable and contain the highest frequency of sites under positive selection. An order/disorder analysis showed that protein P0 is not disordered. In contrast, proteins CP-RT and virus protein genome-linked (VPg) contain areas of disorder. Disorder is a property of multifunctional proteins with multiple interaction partners. The results described here suggest that using contrasting mechanisms, P0, VPg, and CP-RT mediate adaptation to host plants and to vectors and are contributors to the broad host and vector range of poleroviruses. Profiling genetic variation across the polerovirus genome has practical applications in diagnostics, breeding for resistance, and identification of susceptibility genes and contributes to our understanding of virus interactions with their host, vectors, and environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine LaTourrette
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Complex Biosystems Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Program, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2200 Vine Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Natalie M Holste
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 4240 Fair Street, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 406 Plant Science Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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15
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Abraham A, Vetten HJ. Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus: a threat to cool-season food legumes. Arch Virol 2021; 167:21-30. [PMID: 34729666 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (CpCSV, genus Polerovirus, family Solemoviridae), first reported in Ethiopia in 2006, causes an economically important yellowing and stunting disease in legume crops such as chickpea, faba bean, field pea, and lentil in most production areas of North Africa and Central and West Asia. Disease epidemics have been reported in Ethiopia, Syria, and Tunisia. The virus is transmitted persistently by aphids of the species Aphis craccivora and Acyrthosiphon pisum and naturally infects several legume and non-legume hosts. CpCSV exists as at least two geographic strain groups that differ in their genome sequence and serological and biological properties. In addition, a genetically divergent isolate proposed to be a member of a distinct polerovirus species has been reported from pea and faba bean in China. The ssRNA genome of the Ethiopian isolate has 5900 nucleotides, is encapsidated in isometric particles of ~ 28 nm diameter, and is suggested to have evolved by recombination of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus- and soybean dwarf virus-like parents. Moreover, a number of newly reported poleroviruses are suggested to have evolved by recombination between CpCSV and other parental poleroviruses. Identification of sources of resistance and further knowledge on disease epidemiology, including specific strains, vectors, and alternate hosts in different growing areas, are required for devising effective disease management strategies. Modern biotechnology tools such as next-generation sequencing, molecular markers, and agroinoculation-based resistance screening techniques can expedite future research and management efforts. This review addresses various aspects of CpCSV, including its properties, ecology, the disease it causes, management options, and future research perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adane Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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16
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Igori D, Kim SE, Kwon SY, Moon JS. Complete genome sequence of Plantago asiatica virus A, a novel putative member of the genus Polerovirus. Arch Virol 2021; 167:219-222. [PMID: 34636954 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a novel polerovirus, "Plantago asiatica virus A" (PlaVA), detected in Plantago asiatica using high-throughput RNA sequencing and validated by Sanger sequencing. The complete PlaVA genome contains 5,881 nucleotides and has seven open reading frames (ORF0-5 and ORF3a) encoding putative proteins (P0-5 and P3a, respectively) in an arrangement that is similar to that of typical Polerovirus members. Pairwise sequence comparisons revealed that P0 to P5 encoded by PlaVA had the highest sequence identity (25.48%-79.21%) to the corresponding proteins of previously reported poleroviruses. A phylogenetic analysis using the PlaVA P1-2 and P3 amino acid sequences and those of members of the family Solemoviridae (formerly Luteoviridae) indicated that although PlaVA belongs to the genus Polerovirus, it does not represent a known species. Consequently, PlaVA should be considered a member of a new species within the genus Polerovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaajargal Igori
- Department of Biology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Eun Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea. .,Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Crespo-Bellido A, Hoyer JS, Dubey D, Jeannot RB, Duffy S. Interspecies Recombination Has Driven the Macroevolution of Cassava Mosaic Begomoviruses. J Virol 2021; 95:e0054121. [PMID: 34106000 PMCID: PMC8354330 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00541-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) significantly hamper crop production and threaten food security around the world. The frequent emergence of new begomovirus genotypes is facilitated by high mutation frequencies and the propensity to recombine and reassort. Homologous recombination has been especially implicated in the emergence of novel cassava mosaic begomovirus (CMB) genotypes, which cause cassava mosaic disease (CMD). Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a staple food crop throughout Africa and an important industrial crop in Asia, two continents where production is severely constrained by CMD. The CMD species complex is comprised of 11 bipartite begomovirus species with ample distribution throughout Africa and the Indian subcontinent. While recombination is regarded as a frequent occurrence for CMBs, a revised, systematic assessment of recombination and its impact on CMB phylogeny is currently lacking. We assembled data sets of all publicly available, full-length DNA-A (n = 880) and DNA-B (n = 369) nucleotide sequences from the 11 recognized CMB species. Phylogenetic networks and complementary recombination detection methods revealed extensive recombination among the CMB sequences. Six out of the 11 species descended from unique interspecies recombination events. Estimates of recombination and mutation rates revealed that all species experience mutation more frequently than recombination, but measures of population divergence indicate that recombination is largely responsible for the genetic differences between species. Our results support that recombination has significantly impacted the CMB phylogeny and has driven speciation in the CMD species complex. IMPORTANCE Cassava mosaic disease (CMD) is a significant threat to cassava production throughout Africa and Asia. CMD is caused by a complex comprised of 11 recognized virus species exhibiting accelerated rates of evolution, driven by high frequencies of mutation and genetic exchange. Here, we present a systematic analysis of the contribution of genetic exchange to cassava mosaic virus species-level diversity. Most of these species emerged as a result of genetic exchange. This is the first study to report the significant impact of genetic exchange on speciation in a group of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Crespo-Bellido
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - J. Steen Hoyer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Divya Dubey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ronica B. Jeannot
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Siobain Duffy
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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18
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Bello VH, Ghosh S, Krause-Sakate R, Ghanim M. Competitive Interactions Between Whitefly- and Aphid-Transmitted Poleroviruses Within the Plant Host and the Insect Vectors. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1042-1050. [PMID: 33151826 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-20-0369-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pepper cultivation in Israel has been constrained by two sympatric poleroviruses, Pepper vein yellows virus-2 (PeVYV-2) and Pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus (PeWBVYV), which are transmitted specifically by aphids and whiteflies, respectively. This study investigated the interaction between PeVYV-2 and PeWBVYV inside the host plant and the insect vectors. Our results show that PeVYV-2 and PeWBVYV compete against each other inside the host plant and also inside aphids. PeWBVYV was the weaker competitor inside the host plant, with diminished transmission rates when inoculated simultaneously or successively after PeVYV-2 and could only be transmitted efficiently when inoculated first and then challenged by PeVYV-2. Successive inoculations of plants with viruliferous whiteflies with PeWBVYV followed by viruliferous aphids with PeVYV-2 led to a coinfection rate of 60%, but with severely reduced titers of PeWBVYV in the coinfected plants compared with singly infected plants. In contrast, PeVYV-2 was the weaker competitor inside the insect vector, with reduced quantities of the acquired virus and a reduced transmission rate by aphids when given prior acquisition on PeWBVYV. However, we also show that the transmission efficiency of PeVYV-2 and PeWBVYV from coinfected plants by whiteflies and aphids remained comparable to that from singly infected plants. This is likely attributable to the reduced titers of PeWBVYV inside coinfected plants causing lesser impact on transmission of PeVYV-2 by aphids and the stronger competitiveness of PeWBVYV inside the whitefly. Competitive interactions between PeVYV-2 and PeWBVYV inside the host plant and insect vector can thus be beneficial for their coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Henrique Bello
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Saptarshi Ghosh
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Renate Krause-Sakate
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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19
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Sõmera M, Massart S, Tamisier L, Sooväli P, Sathees K, Kvarnheden A. A Survey Using High-Throughput Sequencing Suggests That the Diversity of Cereal and Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses Is Underestimated. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:673218. [PMID: 34046025 PMCID: PMC8144474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.673218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, barley/cereal yellow dwarf viruses (YDVs) are the most widespread and damaging group of cereal viruses. In this study, we applied high-throughput sequencing technologies (HTS) to perform a virus survey on symptomatic plants from 47 cereal fields in Estonia. HTS allowed the assembly of complete genome sequences for 22 isolates of cereal yellow dwarf virus RPS, barley yellow dwarf virus GAV, barley yellow dwarf virus PAS (BYDV-PAS), barley yellow dwarf virus PAV (BYDV-PAV), and barley yellow dwarf virus OYV (BYDV-OYV). We also assembled a near-complete genome of the putative novel species BYDV-OYV from Swedish samples of meadow fescue. Previously, partial sequencing of the central part of the coat protein gene indicated that BYDV-OYV represented a putative new species closely related to BYDV-PAV-CN, which currently is recognized as a subtype of BYDV-PAV. The present study found that whereas the 3'gene block of BYDV-OYV shares the closest relationship with BYDV-PAV-CN, the 5'gene block of BYDV-OYV shows the closest relationships to that of BYDV-PAS. Recombination detection analysis revealed that BYDV-OYV is a parental virus for both. Analysis of complete genome sequence data indicates that both BYDV-OYV and BYDV-PAV-CN meet the species criteria of genus Luteovirus. The study discusses BYDV phylogeny, and through a systematic in silico analysis of published primers for YDV detection, the existing gaps in current diagnostic practices for detection of YDVs, proposing primer pairs based on the most recent genomic information for the detection of different BYDV species. Thanks to the rising number of sequences available in databases, continuous updating of diagnostic primers can improve test specificity, e.g., inclusivity and exclusivity at species levels. This is needed to properly survey the geographical and host distribution of the different species of the YDV complex and their prevalence in cereal/barley yellow dwarf disease epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merike Sõmera
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Sébastien Massart
- Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Lucie Tamisier
- Laboratory of Integrated and Urban Phytopathology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech - University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Pille Sooväli
- Department of Plant Protection, Estonian Crop Research Institute, Jõgeva, Estonia
| | - Kanitha Sathees
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Kvarnheden
- Department of Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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20
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Chabi-Jesus C, Ramos-González PL, Postclam-Barro M, Fontenele RS, Harakava R, Bassanezi RB, Moreira AS, Kitajima EW, Varsani A, Freitas-Astúa J. Molecular Epidemiology of Citrus Leprosis Virus C: A New Viral Lineage and Phylodynamic of the Main Viral Subpopulations in the Americas. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:641252. [PMID: 33995302 PMCID: PMC8116597 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.641252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the importance of viral strains/variants as agents of emerging diseases, genetic and evolutionary processes affecting their ecology are not fully understood. To get insight into this topic, we assessed the population and spatial dynamic parameters of citrus leprosis virus C (CiLV-C, genus Cilevirus, family Kitaviridae). CiLV-C is the etiological agent of citrus leprosis disease, a non-systemic infection considered the main viral disorder affecting citrus orchards in Brazil. Overall, we obtained 18 complete or near-complete viral genomes, 123 complete nucleotide sequences of the open reading frame (ORF) encoding the putative coat protein, and 204 partial nucleotide sequences of the ORF encoding the movement protein, from 430 infected Citrus spp. samples collected between 1932 and 2020. A thorough examination of the collected dataset suggested that the CiLV-C population consists of the major lineages CRD and SJP, unevenly distributed, plus a third one called ASU identified in this work, which is represented by a single isolate found in an herbarium sample collected in Asuncion, Paraguay, in 1937. Viruses from the three lineages share about 85% nucleotide sequence identity and show signs of inter-clade recombination events. Members of the lineage CRD were identified both in commercial and non-commercial citrus orchards. However, those of the lineages SJP were exclusively detected in samples collected in the citrus belt of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, the leading Brazilian citrus production region, after 2015. The most recent common ancestor of viruses of the three lineages dates back to, at least, ∼1500 years ago. Since citrus plants were introduced in the Americas by the Portuguese around the 1520s, the Bayesian phylodynamic analysis suggested that the ancestors of the main CiLV-C lineages likely originated in contact with native vegetation of South America. The intensive expansion of CRD and SJP lineages in Brazil started probably linked to the beginning of the local citrus industry. The high prevalence of CiLV-C in the citrus belt of Brazil likely ensues from the intensive connectivity between orchards, which represents a potential risk toward pathogen saturation across the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Chabi-Jesus
- Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafaela Salgado Fontenele
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Alecio S Moreira
- Fundo de Defesa da Citricultura, Araraquara, Brazil.,Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
| | | | - Arvind Varsani
- The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States.,Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Juliana Freitas-Astúa
- Instituto Biológico/IB, São Paulo, Brazil.,Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, Brazil
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21
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Sun SR, Chen JS, He EQ, Huang MT, Fu HY, Lu JJ, Gao SJ. Genetic Variability and Molecular Evolution of Maize Yellow Mosaic Virus Populations from Different Geographic Origins. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:896-903. [PMID: 33044140 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-20-1013-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) hosted in various gramineous plants was assigned to the genus Polerovirus (family Luteoviridae) in 2018. However, little is known about its genetic diversity and population structure. In this study, 509 sugarcane leaf samples with mosaic symptoms were collected in 2017 to 2019 from eight sugarcane-growing provinces in China. Reverse-transcription PCR results revealed that four positive-sense RNA viruses were found to infect sugarcane, and the incidence of MaYMV among samples from Fujian, Sichuan, and Guangxi Provinces was 52.1, 9.8, and 2.5%, respectively. Based on 82 partial MaYMV sequences and 46 whole-genome sequences from different host plants, phylogenetic analysis revealed that MaYMV populations are very closely associated with their source geographical regions (China, Africa, and South America). Pairwise identity analysis showed significant variability in genome sequences among MaYMV isolates with genomic nucleotide identities of 91.1 to 99.9%. In addition to codon mutations, insertions or deletions also contributed to genetic variability in individual coding regions, especially in the readthrough protein (P3-P5 fusion protein). Low gene flow and significant genetic differentiation of MaYMV were observed among the three geographical populations, suggesting that environmental adaptation is an important evolutionary force that shapes the genetic structure of MaYMV. Genes in the MaYMV genome were subject to strong negative or purification selection during evolution, except for the movement protein (MP), which was under positive selection pressure. This finding suggests that the MP may play an important role in MaYMV evolution. Taken together, our findings provide basic information for the development of an integrated disease management strategy against MaYMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ren Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Er-Qi He
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, China
| | - Mei-Ting Huang
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jia-Ju Lu
- Guizhou Institute of Subtropical Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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22
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Comparative genomics reveals insights into genetic variability and molecular evolution among sugarcane yellow leaf virus populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7149. [PMID: 33785787 PMCID: PMC8009895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow leaf disease caused by sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. In this study, six near-complete genome sequences of SCYLV were determined to be 5775-5881 bp in length. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two SCYLV isolates from Réunion Island, France, and four from China were clustered into REU and CUB genotypes, respectively, based on 50 genomic sequences (this study = 6, GenBank = 44). Meanwhile, all 50 isolates were clustered into three phylogroups (G1-G3). Twelve significant recombinant events occurred in intra- and inter-phylogroups between geographical origins and host crops. Most recombinant hotspots were distributed in coat protein read-through protein (RTD), followed by ORF0 (P0) and ORF1 (P1). High genetic divergences of 12.4% for genomic sequences and 6.0-24.9% for individual genes were determined at nucleotide levels. The highest nucleotide diversity (π) was found in P0, followed by P1 and RdRP. In addition, purifying selection was a main factor restricting variability in SCYLV populations. Infrequent gene flow between Africa and the two subpopulations (Asia and America) were found, whereas frequent gene flow between Asia and America subpopulations was observed. Taken together, our findings facilitate understanding of genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of SCYLV.
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Sharman M, Appiah AS, Filardo F, Nancarrow N, Congdon BS, Kehoe M, Aftab M, Tegg RS, Wilson CR. Biology and genetic diversity of phasey bean mild yellows virus, a common virus in legumes in Australia. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1575-1589. [PMID: 33738562 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05022-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the natural and experimental host range and aphid and graft transmission of the tentative polerovirus phasey bean mild yellows virus (PBMYV). Eleven complete coding sequences from PBMYV isolates were determined from a range of hosts and locations. We found two genetically distinct variants of PBMYV. PBMYV-1 was the originally described variant, and PBMYV-2 had a large putative recombination in open reading frame 5 such that PBMYV-1 and PBMYV-2 shared only 65-66% amino acid sequence identity in the P5 protein. The virus was transmitted by a clonal colony of cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora) and by grafting with infected scions but was not transmitted by a clonal colony of green peach aphids (Myzus persicae). PBMYV was found in natural infections in 11 host species with a range of symptoms and severity, including seven important grain legume crops from across a wide geographic area in Australia. PBMYV was common and widespread in the tropical weed phasey bean (Macroptilium lathyroides), but it is likely that there are other major alternative hosts for the virus in temperate regions of Australia. The experimental host range of PBMYV included the Fabaceae hosts chickpea (Cicer arietinum), faba bean (Vicia faba), pea (Pisum sativum), and phasey bean, but transmissions failed to infect several other members of the families Asteraceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae and Solanaceae. PBMYV was commonly found in grain legume crops in eastern and western Australia, sometimes at greater than 90% incidence. This new knowledge about PBMYV warrants further assessments of its economic impact on important grain legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Sharman
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - Andrew S Appiah
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fiona Filardo
- Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Narelle Nancarrow
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Congdon
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Industry and Economic Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Monica Kehoe
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, DPIRD Diagnostic Laboratory Services, South Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mohammad Aftab
- Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, 110 Natimuk Road, Horsham, VIC, 3400, Australia
| | - Robert S Tegg
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Calum R Wilson
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, Hobart, TAS, Australia
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24
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Genetic diversity and recombination between turnip yellows virus strains in Australia. Arch Virol 2021; 166:813-829. [PMID: 33481112 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Disease outbreaks caused by turnip yellows virus (TuYV), a member of the genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae, regularly occur in canola and pulse crops throughout Australia. To understand the genetic diversity of TuYV for resistance breeding and management, genome sequences of 28 TuYV isolates from different hosts and locations were determined using high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We aimed to identify the parts of the genome that were most variable and clarify the taxonomy of viruses related to TuYV. Poleroviruses contain seven open reading frames (ORFs): ORF 0-2, 3a, and 3-5. Phylogenetic analysis based on the genome sequences, including isolates of TuYV and brassica yellows virus (BrYV) from the GenBank database, showed that most genetic variation among isolates occurred in ORF 5, followed by ORF 0 and ORF 3a. Phylogenetic analysis of ORF 5 revealed three TuYV groups; P5 group 1 and group 3 shared 45-49% amino acid sequence identity, and group 2 is a recombinant between the other two. Phylogenomic analysis of the concatenated ORFs showed that TuYV is paraphyletic with respect to BrYV, and together these taxa form a well-supported monophyletic group. Our results support the hypothesis that TuYV and BrYV belong to the same species and that the phylogenetic topologies of ORF 0, 3a and 5 are incongruent and may not be informative for species demarcation. A number of beet western yellow virus (BWYV)- and TuYV-associated RNAs (aRNA) were also identified by HTS for the first time in Australia.
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25
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Igori D, Lim S, Cho HS, Kim HS, Park JM, Lee HJ, Hong KJ, Kwon SY, Moon JS. Complete genome sequence of artemisia virus B, a new polerovirus infecting Artemisia princeps in South Korea. Arch Virol 2021; 166:1495-1499. [PMID: 33646407 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of a new polerovirus found naturally infecting Artemisia princeps, artemisia virus B (ArtVB), was determined using high-throughput sequencing. The ArtVB genome comprises 6,141 nucleotides and contains six putative open reading frames (ORF0 to ORF5) with a genome structure typical of poleroviruses. A multiple sequence alignment showed that the complete ArtVB genome shares 50.98% nucleotide sequence identity with ixeridium yellow mottle virus 1 (IxYMaV-1, GenBank accession no. KT868949). ArtVB shares the highest amino acid sequence identity in P0 and P3-P5 (21.54%-51.69%) with other known poleroviruses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that ArtVB should be considered a member of a new species within the genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davaajargal Igori
- Department of Biology, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mongolian National University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.,Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmo Lim
- Department of Plant Quarantine, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Cho
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soon Kim
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Lee
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Jong Hong
- UIC foundation, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sun Moon
- Plant Systems Engineering Research Center, Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Genomic islands of differentiation in a rapid avian radiation have been driven by recent selective sweeps. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:30554-30565. [PMID: 33199636 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015987117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies of emerging species have identified genomic "islands" of elevated differentiation against a background of relative homogeneity. The causes of these islands remain unclear, however, with some signs pointing toward "speciation genes" that locally restrict gene flow and others suggesting selective sweeps that have occurred within nascent species after speciation. Here, we examine this question through the lens of genome sequence data for five species of southern capuchino seedeaters, finch-like birds from South America that have undergone a species radiation during the last ∼50,000 generations. By applying newly developed statistical methods for ancestral recombination graph inference and machine-learning methods for the prediction of selective sweeps, we show that previously identified islands of differentiation in these birds appear to be generally associated with relatively recent, species-specific selective sweeps, most of which are predicted to be soft sweeps acting on standing genetic variation. Many of these sweeps coincide with genes associated with melanin-based variation in plumage, suggesting a prominent role for sexual selection. At the same time, a few loci also exhibit indications of possible selection against gene flow. These observations shed light on the complex manner in which natural selection shapes genome sequences during speciation.
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27
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Wang X, He Z, Shi S, Wu CI. Genes and speciation: is it time to abandon the biological species concept? Natl Sci Rev 2020; 7:1387-1397. [PMID: 34692166 PMCID: PMC8288927 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwz220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological species concept (BSC) is the cornerstone of neo-Darwinian thinking. In BSC, species do not exchange genes either during or after speciation. However, as gene flow during speciation is increasingly being reported in a substantial literature, it seems time to reassess the revered, but often doubted, BSC. Contrary to the common perception, BSC should expect substantial gene flow at the onset of speciation, not least because geographical isolation develops gradually. Although BSC does not stipulate how speciation begins, it does require a sustained period of isolation for speciation to complete its course. Evidence against BSC must demonstrate that the observed gene flow does not merely occur at the onset of speciation but continues until its completion. Importantly, recent genomic analyses cannot reject this more realistic version of BSC, although future analyses may still prove it wrong. The ultimate acceptance or rejection of BSC is not merely about a historical debate; rather, it is about the fundamental nature of species - are species (and, hence, divergent adaptations) driven by a relatively small number of genes, or by thousands of them? Many levels of biology, ranging from taxonomy to biodiversity, depend on this resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Ziwen He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Suhua Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chung-I Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Lab of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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28
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Bera S, Blundell R, Liang D, Crowder DW, Casteel CL. The Oxylipin Signaling Pathway Is Required for Increased Aphid Attraction and Retention on Virus-Infected Plants. J Chem Ecol 2020; 46:771-781. [PMID: 32065342 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-020-01157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that virus infection alters phytohormone signaling and insect vector contact with hosts. Increased vector contact and movement among plants should increase virus survival and host range. In this study we examine the role of virus-induced changes in phytohormone signaling in plant-aphid interactions, using Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and pea (Pisum sativum) as a model. We observed that feeding by aphids carrying PEMV increases salicylic acid and jasmonic acid accumulation in pea plants compared to feeding by virus-free aphids. To determine if induction of the oxylipin jasmonic acid is critical for aphid settling, attraction, and retention on PEMV-infected plants, we conducted insect bioassays using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), an oxylipin signaling inducer, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and a chemical inhibitor of oxylipin signaling, phenidone. Surprisingly, there was no impact of phenidone treatment on jasmonic acid or salicylic acid levels in virus-infected plants, though aphid attraction and retention were altered. These results suggest that the observed impacts of phenidone on aphid attraction to and retention on PEMV-infected plants are independent of the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid pathway but may be mediated by another component of the oxylipin signaling pathway. These results shed light on the complexity of viral manipulation of phytohormone signaling and vector-plant interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bera
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - R Blundell
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - D Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - D W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - C L Casteel
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant-Microbe Biology and Plant Pathology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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29
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Hančinský R, Mihálik D, Mrkvová M, Candresse T, Glasa M. Plant Viruses Infecting Solanaceae Family Members in the Cultivated and Wild Environments: A Review. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9050667. [PMID: 32466094 PMCID: PMC7284659 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Plant viruses infecting crop species are causing long-lasting economic losses and are endangering food security worldwide. Ongoing events, such as climate change, changes in agricultural practices, globalization of markets or changes in plant virus vector populations, are affecting plant virus life cycles. Because farmer’s fields are part of the larger environment, the role of wild plant species in plant virus life cycles can provide information about underlying processes during virus transmission and spread. This review focuses on the Solanaceae family, which contains thousands of species growing all around the world, including crop species, wild flora and model plants for genetic research. In a first part, we analyze various viruses infecting Solanaceae plants across the agro-ecological interface, emphasizing the important role of virus interactions between the cultivated and wild zones as global changes affect these environments on both local and global scales. To cope with these changes, it is necessary to adjust prophylactic protection measures and diagnostic methods. As illustrated in the second part, a complex virus research at the landscape level is necessary to obtain relevant data, which could be overwhelming. Based on evidence from previous studies we conclude that Solanaceae plant communities can be targeted to address complete life cycles of viruses with different life strategies within the agro-ecological interface. Data obtained from such research could then be used to improve plant protection methods by taking into consideration environmental factors that are impacting the life cycles of plant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hančinský
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Daniel Mihálik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
- Institute of High Mountain Biology, University of Žilina, Univerzitná 8215/1, 01026 Žilina, Slovakia
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, Slovakia
| | - Michaela Mrkvová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Thierry Candresse
- INRAE, University Bordeaux, UMR BFP, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Miroslav Glasa
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Nám. J. Herdu 2, 91701 Trnava, Slovakia; (R.H.); (D.M.); (M.M.)
- Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Virology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-5930-2447
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30
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Xiang Y, Nie X, Bernardy M, Liu JJ, Su L, Bhagwat B, Dickison V, Holmes J, Grose JM, Creelman AC. Genetic diversity of strawberry mild yellow edge virus from eastern Canada. Arch Virol 2020; 165:923-935. [PMID: 32128611 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) is a member of the genus Potexvirus, family Alphaflexiviridae. It is one of the most common pathogenic viruses infecting cultivated strawberries worldwide. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity of SMYEV in strawberry fields that were severely affected by strawberry decline disease in the eastern Canadian provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island and Quebec. A total of 134 SMYEV coat protein (CP) gene sequences, representing 85 nucleic acid haplotypes, were identified in 56 field samples. A highly divergent SMYEV population was found in all four provinces, but there was little genetic differentiation among the populations, and moreover, the Canadian SMYEV isolates formed a unique dissimilar, genetically divergent population group when compared to those reported in other countries. Phylogenetic analysis revealed three new SMYEV subclades that consisted mainly of Canadian variants and were composed of 76 sequence haplotypes (76/85, 88%). Mixed infections by different SMYEV variants were observed in 38 samples (38/56, 68%). Evolutionary analysis suggested that the SMYEV strains in eastern Canada possibly originated outside of Canada but adapted to conditions in the region through genetic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada.
| | - Xianzhou Nie
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada.
| | - Mike Bernardy
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Jun-Jun Liu
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC, V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Li Su
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada.,College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forest University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Basdeo Bhagwat
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Virginia Dickison
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada
| | - Janesse Holmes
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Jenna M Grose
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland Research and Development Centre, Summerland, BC, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Alexa C Creelman
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Fredericton, NB, E3B 4Z7, Canada
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31
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Rodríguez-Nevado C, G Gavilán R, Pagán I. Host Abundance and Identity Determine the Epidemiology and Evolution of a Generalist Plant Virus in a Wild Ecosystem. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2020; 110:94-105. [PMID: 31589103 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-19-0271-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that in wild ecosystems plant viruses are important ecological agents, and with potential to jump into crops, but only recently have the diversity and population dynamics of wild plant viruses begun to be explored. Theory proposes that biotic factors (e.g., ecosystem biodiversity, host abundance, and host density) and climatic conditions would determine the epidemiology and evolution of wild plant viruses. However, these predictions seldom have been empirically tested. For 3 years, we analyzed the prevalence and genetic diversity of Potyvirus species in preserved riparian forests of Spain. Results indicated that potyviruses were always present in riparian forests, with a novel generalist potyvirus species provisionally named Iberian hop mosaic virus (IbHMV), explaining the largest fraction of infected plants. Focusing on this potyvirus, we analyzed the biotic and climatic factors affecting virus infection risk and population genetic diversity in its native ecosystem. The main predictors of IbHMV infection risk were host relative abundance and species richness. Virus prevalence and host relative abundance were the major factors determining the genetic diversity and selection pressures in the virus population. These observations support theoretical predictions assigning these ecological factors a key role in parasite epidemiology and evolution. Finally, our phylogenetic analysis indicated that the viral population was genetically structured according to host and location of origin, as expected if speciation is largely sympatric. Thus, this work contributes to characterizing viral diversity and provides novel information on the determinants of plant virus epidemiology and evolution in wild ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Nevado
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA and E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario G Gavilán
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, unidad de Botánica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA and E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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32
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Ghosh S, Kanakala S, Lebedev G, Kontsedalov S, Silverman D, Alon T, Mor N, Sela N, Luria N, Dombrovsky A, Mawassi M, Haviv S, Czosnek H, Ghanim M. Transmission of a New Polerovirus Infecting Pepper by the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. J Virol 2019; 93:e00488-19. [PMID: 31092571 PMCID: PMC6639281 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00488-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animal and plant viruses depend on arthropods for their transmission. Virus-vector interactions are highly specific, and only one vector or one of a group of vectors from the same family is able to transmit a given virus. Poleroviruses (Luteoviridae) are phloem-restricted RNA plant viruses that are exclusively transmitted by aphids. Multiple aphid-transmitted polerovirus species commonly infect pepper, causing vein yellowing, leaf rolling, and fruit discoloration. Despite low aphid populations, a recent outbreak with such severe symptoms in many bell pepper farms in Israel led to reinvestigation of the disease and its insect vector. Here we report that this outbreak was caused by a new whitefly (Bemisia tabaci)-transmitted polerovirus, which we named Pepper whitefly-borne vein yellows virus (PeWBVYV). PeWBVYV is highly (>95%) homologous to Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV) from Israel and Greece on its 5' end half, while it is homologous to African eggplant yellows virus (AeYV) on its 3' half. Koch's postulates were proven by constructing a PeWBVYV infectious clone causing the pepper disease, which was in turn transmitted to test pepper plants by B. tabaci but not by aphids. PeWBVYV represents the first report of a whitefly-transmitted polerovirus.IMPORTANCE The high specificity of virus-vector interactions limits the possibility of a given virus changing vectors. Our report describes a new virus from a family of viruses strictly transmitted by aphids which is now transmitted by whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and not by aphids. This report presents the first description of polerovirus transmission by whiteflies. Whiteflies are highly resistant to insecticides and disperse over long distances, carrying virus inoculum. Thus, the report of such unusual polerovirus transmission by a supervector has extensive implications for the epidemiology of the virus disease, with ramifications concerning the international trade of agricultural commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saptarshi Ghosh
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - Galina Lebedev
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | | | - David Silverman
- Agricultural Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Tamar Alon
- Agricultural Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Neta Mor
- Agricultural Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Noa Sela
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Neta Luria
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Aviv Dombrovsky
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Munir Mawassi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Sabrina Haviv
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Henryk Czosnek
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Murad Ghanim
- Department of Entomology, Volcani Center, ARO, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Ali A, Melcher U. Modeling of Mutational Events in the Evolution of Viruses. Viruses 2019; 11:v11050418. [PMID: 31060293 PMCID: PMC6563203 DOI: 10.3390/v11050418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse studies of viral evolution have led to the recognition that the evolutionary rates of viral taxa observed are dependent on the time scale being investigated—with short-term studies giving fast substitution rates, and orders of magnitude lower rates for deep calibrations. Although each of these factors may contribute to this time dependent rate phenomenon, a more fundamental cause should be considered. We sought to test computationally whether the basic phenomena of virus evolution (mutation, replication, and selection) can explain the relationships between the evolutionary and phylogenetic distances. We tested, by computational inference, the hypothesis that the phylogenetic distances between the pairs of sequences are functions of the evolutionary path lengths between them. A Basic simulation revealed that the relationship between simulated genetic and mutational distances is non-linear, and can be consistent with different rates of nucleotide substitution at different depths of branches in phylogenetic trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74104, USA.
| | - Ulrich Melcher
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3035, USA.
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Filardo FF, Thomas JE, Webb M, Sharman M. Faba bean polerovirus 1 (FBPV-1); a new polerovirus infecting legume crops in Australia. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1915-1921. [PMID: 30993462 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new polerovirus species with the proposed name faba bean polerovirus 1 (FBPV-1) was found in winter legume crops and weeds in New South Wales, Australia. We describe the complete genome sequence of 5,631 nucleotides, containing all putative open reading frames, from two isolates, one from faba bean (Vicia faba) and one from chickpea (Cicer arietinum). FBPV-1 has a genome organization typical of poleroviruses with six open reading frames. However, recombination analysis strongly supports a recombination event in which the 5' portion of FBPV-1, which encodes for proteins P0, P1 and P1-P2, appears to be from a novel parent with a closest nucleotide identity of only 66% to chickpea chlorotic stunt virus. The 3' portion of FBPV-1 encodes for proteins P3, P4 and P3-P5 and shares 94% nucleotide identity to a turnip yellows virus isolate from Western Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona F Filardo
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia.
| | - John E Thomas
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Matthew Webb
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Murray Sharman
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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Valdano E, Manrubia S, Gómez S, Arenas A. Endemicity and prevalence of multipartite viruses under heterogeneous between-host transmission. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1006876. [PMID: 30883545 PMCID: PMC6438571 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipartite viruses replicate through a puzzling evolutionary strategy. Their genome is segmented into two or more parts, and encapsidated in separate particles that appear to propagate independently. Completing the replication cycle, however, requires the full genome, so that a systemic infection of a host requires the concurrent presence of several particles. This represents an apparent evolutionary drawback of multipartitism, while its advantages remain unclear. A transition from monopartite to multipartite viral forms has been described in vitro under conditions of high multiplicity of infection, suggesting that cooperation between defective mutants is a plausible evolutionary pathway towards multipartitism. However, it is unknown how the putative advantages that multipartitism might enjoy at the microscopic level affect its epidemiology, or if an explicit advantange is needed to explain its ecological persistence. In order to disentangle which mechanisms might contribute to the rise and fixation of multipartitism, we here investigate the interaction between viral spreading dynamics and host population structure. We set up a compartmental model of the spread of a virus in its different forms and explore its epidemiology using both analytical and numerical techniques. We uncover that the impact of host contact structure on spreading dynamics entails a rich phenomenology of ecological relationships that includes cooperation, competition, and commensality. Furthermore, we find out that multipartitism might rise to fixation even in the absence of explicit microscopic advantages. Multipartitism allows the virus to colonize environments that could not be invaded by the monopartite form, while homogeneous contacts between hosts facilitate its spread. We conjecture that these features might have led to an increase in the diversity and prevalence of multipartite viral forms concomitantly with the expansion of agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Valdano
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Susanna Manrubia
- National Centre for Biotechnology (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Gómez
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alex Arenas
- Departament d’Enginyeria Informàtica i Matemàtiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Roossinck MJ. Evolutionary and ecological links between plant and fungal viruses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 221:86-92. [PMID: 30084143 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contents Summary 86 I. Introduction 86 II. Lineages shared by plant and fungal viruses 87 III. Virus transmission between plants and fungi 90 IV. Additional plant virus families identified in fungi by metagenomics 91 Acknowledgements 91 References 91 SUMMARY: Plants and microorganisms have been interacting in both positive and negative ways for millions of years. They are also frequently infected with viruses that can have positive or negative impacts. A majority of virus families with members that infect fungi have counterparts that infect plants, and in some cases the phylogenetic analyses of these virus families indicate transmission between the plant and fungal kingdoms. These similarities reflect the host relationships; fungi are evolutionarily more closely related to animals than to plants but share very few viral signatures with animal viruses. The details of several of these interactions are described, and the evolutionary implications of viral cross-kingdom interactions and horizontal gene transfer are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn J Roossinck
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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37
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Costa TM, Blawid R, Aranda MA, Freitas DMS, Andrade GP, Inoue-Nagata AK, Nagata T. Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus from melon plants in Brazil is an interspecific recombinant. Arch Virol 2018; 164:249-254. [PMID: 30232611 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Melon plants with severe yellowing symptoms from in Brazil were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing. Sequences homologous to the genome of the polerovirus cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) were frequently retrieved. Two draft CABYV genomes were assembled from two pooled melon samples that contained an identical putative recombinant fragment in the 3' region with an unknown polerovirus. The complete genomes of these isolates revealed by Sanger sequencing share 96.8% nucleotide identity, while both sequences share 73.7% nucleotide identity with a CABYV-N isolate from France. A molecular-clock analysis suggested that CABYV was introduced into Brazil ~ 68 years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Marques Costa
- Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Rosana Blawid
- Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Miguel A Aranda
- Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Genira Pereira Andrade
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tatsuya Nagata
- Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
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Lenz O, Sarkisová T, Koloniuk I, Fránová J, Přibylová J, Špak J. Red clover-associated luteovirus – a newly classifiable member of the genus Luteovirus with an enamo-like P5 protein. Arch Virol 2018; 163:3439-3442. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Lucía-Sanz A, Aguirre J, Manrubia S. Theoretical approaches to disclosing the emergence and adaptive advantages of multipartite viruses. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 33:89-95. [PMID: 30121469 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite viruses have a segmented genome encapsidated in different viral particles that, in principle, propagate independently. Current empirical knowledge on the molecular, ecological and evolutionary features underlying the very existence of multipartitism is fragmented and puzzling. Although it is generally assumed that multipartitism is viable only when propagation occurs at high multiplicity of infection, evidence indicates that severe population bottlenecks are common. Mathematical models aimed at describing the dynamics of multipartite viruses typically assign an advantage to the multipartite form to compensate for the cost of high multiplicity of infection. Since progress in the theoretical understanding of the evolutionary ecology of multipartitism is strongly conditioned by empirical advances, both aspects are jointly revised in this contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lucía-Sanz
- Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Aguirre
- Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Manrubia
- Spanish National Centre for Biotechnology (CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), Madrid, Spain.
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40
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Pagán I. The diversity, evolution and epidemiology of plant viruses: A phylogenetic view. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 65:187-199. [PMID: 30055330 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
During the past four decades, the scientific community has seen an exponential advance in the number, sophistication, and quality of molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools for the genetic characterization of plant virus populations. Predating these advances, the field of Phylogenetics has significantly contributed to understand important aspects of plant virus evolution. This review aims at summarizing the impact of Phylogenetics in the current knowledge on three major aspects of plant virus evolution that have benefited from the development of phylogenetic inference: (1) The identification and classification of plant virus diversity. (2) The mechanisms and forces shaping the evolution of plant virus populations. (3) The understanding of the interaction between plant virus evolution, epidemiology and ecology. The work discussed here highlights the important role of phylogenetic approaches in the study of the dynamics of plant virus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, E.T.S. Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain.
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41
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Safari M, Roossinck MJ. Coevolution of a Persistent Plant Virus and Its Pepper Hosts. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2018; 31:766-776. [PMID: 29845896 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-17-0312-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There are many nonpathogenic viruses that are maintained in a persistent lifestyle in plants. Plant persistent viruses are widespread, replicating in their hosts for many generations. So far, Endornaviridae is the only family of plant persistent viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome, containing one large open reading frame. Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV), Hot pepper endornavirus, Capsicum frutescens endornavirus 1 (CFEV 1) have been identified from peppers. Peppers are native to Central and South America and, as domesticated plants, human selection accelerated their evolution. We investigated the evolution of these endornaviruses in different peppers including Capsicum annuum, C. chacoense, C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccutum, and C. pubescens using two fragments from the viral helicase (Hel) and RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. In addition, using single nucleotide polymorphisms, we analyzed the pepper host populations and phylogenies. The endornaviruses phylogeny was correlated with its Capsicum species host. In this study, BPEV was limited to C. annuum species, and the RdRp and Hel phylogenies identified two clades that correlated with the host pungency. No C. annuum infected with CFEV 1 was found in this study, but the CFEV 1 RdRp fragment was recovered from C. chinense, C. frutescens, C. baccutum, and C. pubescens. Hence, during pepper speciation, the ancestor of CFEV 1 may have evolved as a new endornavirus, BPEV, in C. annuum peppers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliheh Safari
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology; and
- 2 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Marilyn J Roossinck
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology; and
- 2 Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, U.S.A
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42
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Gao F, Du Z, Shen J, Yang H, Liao F. Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Ornithogalum mosaic virus based on the coat protein gene sequence. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4550. [PMID: 29607262 PMCID: PMC5877448 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ornithogalum mosaic virus (OrMV) has a wide host range and affects the production of a variety of ornamentals. In this study, the coat protein (CP) gene of OrMVwas used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the evolution of this virus. The 36 OrMV isolates fell into two groups which have significant subpopulation differentiation with an FST value of 0.470. One isolate was identified as a recombinant and the other 35 recombination-free isolates could be divided into two major clades under different evolutionary constraints with dN/dS values of 0.055 and 0.028, respectively, indicating a role of purifying selection in the differentiation of OrMV. In addition, the results from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that the effect of host species on the genetic divergence of OrMV is greater than that of geography. Furthermore, OrMV isolates from the genera Ornithogalum, Lachenalia and Diuri tended to group together, indicating that OrMV diversification was maintained, in part, by host-driven adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangluan Gao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhenguo Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jianguo Shen
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Fujian Exit-Entry, Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hongkai Yang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Furong Liao
- Inspection and Quarantine Technology Center, Xiamen Exit-Entry Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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43
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Javidkar M, Cooper SJB, Humphreys WF, King RA, Judd S, Austin AD. Biogeographic history of subterranean isopods from groundwater calcrete islands in Western Australia. ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javidkar
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran
| | - Steven J. B. Cooper
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- Evolutionary Biology Unit South Australian Museum Adelaide SA Australia
| | - William F. Humphreys
- Western Australian Museum Welshpool WA Australia
- School of Animal Biology University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - Rachael A. King
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
- South Australian Museum Adelaide SA Australia
| | - Simon Judd
- Phoenix Environmental Sciences Balcatta WA Australia
| | - Andrew D. Austin
- Australian Centre for Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity and School of Biological Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide SA Australia
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44
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Lotos L, Olmos A, Orfanidou C, Efthimiou K, Avgelis A, Katis NI, Maliogka VI. Insights Into the Etiology of Polerovirus-Induced Pepper Yellows Disease. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2017; 107:1567-1576. [PMID: 28786341 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-07-16-0254-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of an emerging yellows disease of pepper crops (pepper yellows disease [PYD]) in Greece led to the identification of a polerovirus closely related to Pepper vein yellows virus (PeVYV). Recovery of its full genome sequence by next-generation sequencing of small interfering RNAs allowed its characterization as a new poleroviruses, which was provisionally named Pepper yellows virus (PeYV). Transmission experiments revealed its association with the disease. Sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis highlighted the common ancestry of the three poleroviruses (PeVYV, PeYV, and Pepper yellow leaf curl virus [PYLCV]) currently reported to be associated with PYD, even though significant genetic differences were identified among them, especially in the C-terminal region of P5 and the 3' noncoding region. Most of the differences observed can be attributed to a modular type of evolution, which produces mosaic-like variants giving rise to these different poleroviruses Overall, similar to other polerovirus-related diseases, PYD is caused by at least three species (PeVYV, PeYV, and PYLCV) belonging to this group of closely related pepper-infecting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas Lotos
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Antonio Olmos
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Orfanidou
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Efthimiou
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Apostolos Avgelis
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos I Katis
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Varvara I Maliogka
- First, third, fourth, sixth, and seventh authors: Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; second author: Department of Virology, Plant Protection and Biotechnology Center, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain; and fifth author: Institute of Viticulture of Heraklion, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, 71 307 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Rodríguez-Nevado C, Montes N, Pagán I. Ecological Factors Affecting Infection Risk and Population Genetic Diversity of a Novel Potyvirus in Its Native Wild Ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1958. [PMID: 29184567 PMCID: PMC5694492 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that there is ample diversity of plant virus species in wild ecosystems. The vast majority of this diversity, however, remains uncharacterized. Moreover, in these ecosystems the factors affecting plant virus infection risk and population genetic diversity, two traits intrinsically linked to virus emergence, are largely unknown. Along 3 years, we have analyzed the prevalence and diversity of plant virus species from the genus Potyvirus in evergreen oak forests of the Iberian Peninsula, the main wild ecosystem in this geographic region and in the entire Mediterranean basin. During this period, we have also measured plant species diversity, host density, plant biomass, temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall. Results indicated that potyviruses were always present in evergreen oak forests, with a novel virus species explaining the largest fraction of potyvirus-infected plants. We determined the genomic sequence of this novel virus and we explored its host range in natural and greenhouse conditions. Natural host range was limited to the perennial plant mountain rue (Ruta montana), commonly found in evergreen oak forests of the Iberian Peninsula. In this host, the virus was highly prevalent and was therefore provisionally named mediterranean ruda virus (MeRV). Focusing in this natural host-virus interaction, we analyzed the ecological factors affecting MeRV infection risk and population genetic diversity in its native wild ecosystem. The main predictor of virus infection risk was the host density. MeRV prevalence was the major factor determining genetic diversity and selection pressures in the virus populations. This observation supports theoretical predictions assigning these two traits a key role in parasite epidemiology and evolution. Thus, our analyses contribute both to characterize viral diversity and to understand the ecological determinants of virus population dynamics in wild ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rodríguez-Nevado
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Montes
- Plant Physiology, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU-San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
- Rheumatology Service, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-IP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Israel Pagán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas – Universidad Politécnica de Madrid – Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
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Lucía-Sanz A, Manrubia S. Multipartite viruses: adaptive trick or evolutionary treat? NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2017; 3:34. [PMID: 29263796 PMCID: PMC5680193 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-017-0035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipartitism counts amongst the weirdest lifestyles found in the virosphere. Multipartite viruses have genomes segmented in pieces enclosed in different capsids that are independently transmitted. Since all segments have to meet in the host for complementation and completion of the viral cycle, multipartite viruses are bound to fight the loss of genomic information. While this is an obvious disadvantage of this strategy, no consensus on its actual advantages has been reached. In this review we present an exhaustive summary of all multipartite viruses described to date. Based on evidence, we discuss possible mechanistic and evolutionary origins of different groups, as well as their mutual relationships. We argue that the ubiquitous interactions of viruses with other unrelated viruses and with subviral elements might be regarded as a plausible first step towards multipartitism. In agreement with the view of the Virosphere as a deeply entangled network of gene sharing, we contend that the power of multipartitism relies on its dynamical and opportunistic nature, because it enables immediate adaptive responses to environmental changes. As such, perhaps the reasons for its success should be shought in multipartitism itself as an adaptive mechanism, to which its evolutionarily short-lived products (that is, the extant ensemble of multipartite viral species) are subordinated. We close by discussing how our understanding of multipartitism would improve by using concepts and tools from systems biology. The faithful transmission of the genome of an organism is a fundamental step to preserve information essential for survivability. However, multipartite viruses thrive with segmented genomes that propagate in independent viral particles. Though this adaptive strategy appears as counterintuitive and suboptimal, multipartitism is common in the viral world and has very likely arisen several times. Here we review the distribution and abundance of multipartite viruses and discuss possible evolutionary pathways for their emergence. Though no clear advantage of multipartitism has been identified, we suggest that the high prevalence of this strategy relies on its dynamic and opportunistic nature, and that it can only be understood in an ecological context. A systems biology perspective could help understanding some of the open questions regarding this weird lifestyle, while multipartitism could in turn inspire design principles based on the simultaneous exploration of an exploding number of transient collaborative associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lucía-Sanz
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), National Centre for Biotechnology (CSIC), c/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susanna Manrubia
- Grupo Interdisciplinar de Sistemas Complejos (GISC), National Centre for Biotechnology (CSIC), c/Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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47
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Complete genome analysis of a novel umbravirus-polerovirus combination isolated from Ixeridium dentatum. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3893-3897. [PMID: 28905257 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Two novel viruses, isolated in Bonghwa, Republic of Korea, from an Ixeridium dentatum plant with yellowing mottle symptoms, have been provisionally named Ixeridium yellow mottle-associated virus 1 (IxYMaV-1) and Ixeridium yellow mottle-associated virus 2 (IxYMaV-2). IxYMaV-1 has a genome of 6,017 nucleotides sharing a 56.4% sequence identity with that of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (genus Polerovirus). The IxYMaV-2 genome of 4,196 nucleotides has a sequence identity of less than 48.3% with e other species classified within the genus Umbravirus. Genome properties and phylogenetic analysis suggested that IxYMaV-1 and -2 are representative isolates of new species classifiable within the genus Polerovirus and Umbravirus, respectively.
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48
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Crop-associated virus reduces the rooting depth of non-crop perennial native grass more than non-crop-associated virus with known viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR). Virus Res 2017; 241:172-184. [PMID: 28688850 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
As agricultural acreage expanded and came to dominate landscapes across the world, viruses gained opportunities to move between crop and wild native plants. In the Midwestern USA, virus exchange currently occurs between widespread annual Poaceae crops and remnant native perennial prairie grasses now under consideration as bioenergy feedstocks. In this region, the common aphid species Rhopalosiphum padi L. (the bird cherry-oat aphid) transmits several virus species in the family Luteoviridae, including Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV, genus Luteovirus) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus (CYDV-RPV and -RPS, genus Polerovirus). The yellow dwarf virus (YDV) species in these two genera share genetic similarities in their 3'-ends, but diverge in the 5'-regions. Most notably, CYDVs encode a P0 viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) absent in BYDV-PAV. Because BYDV-PAV has been reported more frequently in annual cereals and CYDVs in perennial non-crop grasses, we examine the hypothesis that the viruses' genetic differences reflect different affinities for crop and non-crop hosts. Specifically, we ask (i) whether CYDVs might persist within and affect a native non-crop grass more strongly than BYDV-PAV, on the grounds that the polerovirus VSR could better moderate the defenses of a well-defended perennial, and (ii) whether the opposite pattern of effects might occur in a less defended annual crop. Because previous work found that the VSR of CYDV-RPS possessed greater silencing suppressor efficiency than that of CYDV-RPV, we further explored (iii) whether a novel grass-associated CYDV-RPS isolate would influence a native non-crop grass more strongly than a comparable CYDV-RPV isolate. In growth chamber studies, we found support for this hypothesis: only grass-associated CYDV-RPS stunted the shoots and crowns of Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass), a perennial native North American prairie grass, whereas crop-associated BYDV-PAV (and coinfection with BYDV-PAV and CYDV-RPS) most stunted annual Avena sativa L. (oats). These findings suggest that some of the diversity in grass-infecting Luteoviridae reflects viral capacity to modulate defenses in different host types. Intriguingly, while all virus treatments also reduced root production in both host species, only crop-associated BYDV-PAV (or co-infection) reduced rooting depths. Such root effects may increase host susceptibility to drought, and indicate that BYDV-PAV pathogenicity is determined by something other than a P0 VSR. These findings contribute to growing evidence that pathogenic crop-associated viruses may harm native species as well as crops. Critical next questions include the extent to which crop-associated selection pressures drive viral pathogenesis.
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49
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Discovery and molecular characterization of a novel enamovirus, Grapevine enamovirus-1. Virus Genes 2017; 53:667-671. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1470-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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50
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Palanga E, Martin DP, Galzi S, Zabré J, Bouda Z, Neya JB, Sawadogo M, Traore O, Peterschmitt M, Roumagnac P, Filloux D. Complete genome sequences of cowpea polerovirus 1 and cowpea polerovirus 2 infecting cowpea plants in Burkina Faso. Arch Virol 2017; 162:2149-2152. [PMID: 28337544 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The full-length genome sequences of two novel poleroviruses found infecting cowpea plants, cowpea polerovirus 1 (CPPV1) and cowpea polerovirus 2 (CPPV2), were determined using overlapping RT-PCR and RACE-PCR. Whereas the 5845-nt CPPV1 genome was most similar to chickpea chlorotic stunt virus (73% identity), the 5945-nt CPPV2 genome was most similar to phasey bean mild yellow virus (86% identity). The CPPV1 and CPPV2 genomes both have a typical polerovirus genome organization. Phylogenetic analysis of the inferred P1-P2 and P3 amino acid sequences confirmed that CPPV1 and CPPV2 are indeed poleroviruses. Four apparently unique recombination events were detected within a dataset of 12 full polerovirus genome sequences, including two events in the CPPV2 genome. Based on the current species demarcation criteria for the family Luteoviridae, we tentatively propose that CPPV1 and CPPV2 should be considered members of novel polerovirus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essowè Palanga
- Laboratoire Biosciences, Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (UFR-SVT), Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, 03 BP 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, UMR BGPI, 34398, Montpellier, France.,LMI Patho-Bios, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Darren P Martin
- Computational Biology Group, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Serge Galzi
- CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, UMR BGPI, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean Zabré
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,LMI Patho-Bios, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Zakaria Bouda
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,LMI Patho-Bios, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - James Bouma Neya
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,LMI Patho-Bios, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Mahamadou Sawadogo
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Oumar Traore
- Laboratoire de Virologie et de Biotechnologies Végétales, INERA, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.,LMI Patho-Bios, 01 BP 476, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Denis Filloux
- CIRAD-INRA-SupAgro, UMR BGPI, 34398, Montpellier, France
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