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Zhou Y, Xie Y, Xu M. Potential mechanisms of Treponema pallidum breaching the blood-brain barrier. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 180:117478. [PMID: 39321510 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (T. pallidum), can lead to a complication known as neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis affects multiple components of the nervous system, including the meninges, blood vessels, brain parenchyma, and others, significantly impacting the central nervous system (CNS). Despite the effective control of syphilis spread by antibiotics, recent years have seen a resurgence in incidence among high-risk populations. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical defense for the CNS, preventing toxins and pathogens, including viruses, from entering and ensuring CNS function. The exact mechanisms of how T. pallidum penetrates the BBB are still not fully understood. Extensive research suggests that T. pallidum can disrupt endothelial cells and intercellular junctions, as well as induce abnormal activation of immune cells and aberrant cytokine expression, potentially facilitating its breach of BBB. Based on current research, we focus on the detrimental effects of cytokines on BBB integrity. We have also summarized the pathways T. pallidum uses to penetrate cellular barriers. Understanding the interaction between T. pallidum and the BBB is essential for revealing neurosyphilis pathogenesis and developing new therapies. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data used to support the findings of this study are included in the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhou
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, China; Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yafeng Xie
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, China; Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Man Xu
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, University of South China, Hengyang, China; Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, China; Institution of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
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Bao G, Fan S, Hu C, Li C, Ma F, Wang G, Fan H, Wang Q. CDK5-mediated rearrangement of vimentin during Duck Tembusu virus infection inhibits viral replication. Vet Microbiol 2024; 292:110071. [PMID: 38574695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a newly emerging pathogen that causes massive economic losses to the poultry industry in China and neighbouring countries. Vimentin, an intermediate filament protein, has been demonstrated to be involved in viral replication during infection. However, the specific role of vimentin in DTMUV replication has not been determined. In this study, we found that overexpression of vimentin in BHK-21 cells can inhibit DTMUV replication. Moreover, DTMUV replication was enhanced after vimentin expression was reduced in BHK-21 cells via small interfering RNA (siRNA). Further research indicated that DTMUV infection had no effect on the transcription or expression of vimentin. However, we found that DTMUV infection induced vimentin rearrangement, and the rearrangement of vimentin was subsequently confirmed to negatively modulate viral replication through the use of a vimentin network disrupting agent. Vimentin rearrangement is closely associated with its phosphorylation. Our experiments revealed that the phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser56 was promoted in the early stage of DTMUV infection. In addition, by inhibiting the phosphorylation of vimentin at Ser56 with a CDK5 inhibitor, vimentin rearrangement was suppressed, and DTMUV replication was significantly enhanced. These results indicated that DTMUV infection induced vimentin phosphorylation and rearrangement through CDK5, resulting in the inhibition of DTMUV replication. In summary, our study reveals a role for vimentin as a negative factor in the process of DTMUV replication, which helps to elucidate the function of cellular proteins in regulating DTMUV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Shinuo Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chunyan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Fei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Guijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Chen Z, Zhu M, Liu D, Wu M, Niu P, Yu Y, Ding C, Yu S. Occludin and collagen IV degradation mediated by the T9SS effector SspA contributes to blood-brain barrier damage in ducks during Riemerella anatipestifer infection. Vet Res 2024; 55:49. [PMID: 38594770 PMCID: PMC11005161 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01304-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Riemerella anatipestifer infection is characterized by meningitis with neurological symptoms in ducklings and has adversely affected the poultry industry. R. anatipestifer strains can invade the duck brain to cause meningitis and neurological symptoms, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we showed that obvious clinical symptoms, an increase in blood‒brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and the accumulation of inflammatory cytokines occurred after intravenous infection with the Yb2 strain but not the mutant strain Yb2ΔsspA, indicating that Yb2 infection can lead to cerebrovascular dysfunction and that the type IX secretion system (T9SS) effector SspA plays a critical role in this pathological process. In addition, we showed that Yb2 infection led to rapid degradation of occludin (a tight junction protein) and collagen IV (a basement membrane protein), which contributed to endothelial barrier disruption. The interaction between SspA and occludin was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. Furthermore, we found that SspA was the main enzyme mediating occludin and collagen IV degradation. These data indicate that R. anatipestifer SspA mediates occludin and collagen IV degradation, which functions in BBB disruption in R. anatipestifer-infected ducks. These findings establish the molecular mechanisms by which R. anatipestifer targets duckling endothelial cell junctions and provide new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of R. anatipestifer infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongchao Chen
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Mengsi Wu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Pengfei Niu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengqing Yu
- Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Veterinary Bio-Pharmaceutical, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shanghai, China.
- Yangzhou You-Jia-Chuang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, China.
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Shi Y, Chu X, Ahmed N, Wu J, Chen Q. Tembusu virus induced apoptosis in vacuolate spermatogenic cells is mediated by Cytc-mediated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway. Theriogenology 2024; 215:312-320. [PMID: 38128224 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that infects mainly poultry and has caused huge economic losses to the poultry farming industry in China. Also known as duck hemorrhagic ovarian disease, DTMUV principally destroys ovarian tissue in ducks, causing a dramatic drop in egg production. and can also invade the male reproductive system causing lesions. Currently, little research has been done to reveal the underlying mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction in ducks caused by DTMUV infection. In this study, histopathological analysis and electron microscopy of testes of ducks infected with DTMUV showed that DTMUV caused testicular atrophy and cytoplasmic vacuolation in ducks. Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase-Mediated Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining and real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR) results further indicated that DTMUV induced spermatogenic cells apoptosis. After DTMUV infection, a large amount of cytochrome c(Cytc) was released from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytoplasm, activating downstream target proteins and causing apoptosis. To sum up, DTMUV induces spermatogenic cell apoptosis through the Cytc-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, our study provides evidence for DTMUV infection-induced male reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, 225009, PR China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiaoya Chu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PR China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, PR China.
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Liu X, Yan D, Peng S, Zhang Y, Xu B, Li L, Shi X, Ma T, Li X, Teng Q, Yuan C, Liu Q, Li Z. 326K at E Protein Is Critical for Mammalian Adaption of TMUV. Viruses 2023; 15:2376. [PMID: 38140617 PMCID: PMC10747068 DOI: 10.3390/v15122376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Tembusu virus (TMUV) infection have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry in China since 2010. However, the potential threat of TMUV to mammals has not been well studied. In this study, a TMUV HB strain isolated from diseased ducks showed high virulence in BALB/c mice inoculated intranasally compared with the reference duck TMUV strain. Further studies revealed that the olfactory epithelium is one pathway for the TMUV HB strain to invade the central nervous system of mice. Genetic analysis revealed that the TMUV HB virus contains two unique residues in E and NS3 proteins (326K and 519T) compared with duck TMUV reference strains. K326E substitution weakens the neuroinvasiveness and neurovirulence of TMUV HB in mice. Remarkably, the TMUV HB strain induced significantly higher levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and interferon (IFN)-α/β than mutant virus with K326E substitution in the brain tissue of the infected mice, which suggested that TMUV HB caused more severe inflammation in the mouse brains. Moreover, application of IFN-β to infected mouse brain exacerbated the disease, indicating that overstimulated IFN response in the brain is harmful to mice upon TMUV infection. Further studies showed that TMUV HB upregulated RIG-I and IRF7 more significantly than mutant virus containing the K326E mutation in mouse brain, which suggested that HB stimulated the IFN response through the RIG-I-IRF7 pathway. Our findings provide insights into the pathogenesis and potential risk of TMUV to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpo Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Dawei Yan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Shan Peng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Yuee Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Bangfeng Xu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Luzhao Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xiaona Shi
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Tianxin Ma
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xuesong Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qiaoyang Teng
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Chunxiu Yuan
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Qinfang Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zejun Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; (X.L.); (D.Y.); (Y.Z.); (B.X.); (L.L.); (X.S.); (T.M.); (X.L.); (Q.T.); (C.Y.)
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Wang X, He Y, Guo J, Wu Z, Merits A, Wang M, Jia R, Zhu D, Liu M, Zhao X, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhang S, Huang J, Ou X, Gao Q, Sun D, Cheng A, Chen S. Comparative study of the pathogenicity of the mosquito origin strain and duck origin strain of Tembusu virus in ducklings and three-week-old mice. Virol Sin 2023; 38:827-831. [PMID: 37544649 PMCID: PMC10590687 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
•TMUV can infect Kunming mice by i.c., and the pathogenicity of mosquito TMUV is higher than that of duck TMUV. •TMUV can infect SPF ducklings by i.m., and the pathogenicity of duck TMUV is higher than that of mosquito TMUV. •SPF ducklings infected with mosquito TMUV did not produce viremia at 3, 5 and 7 dpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yu He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 999148, Estonia
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinxin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shaqiu Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xumin Ou
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qun Gao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Di Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Xian X, Yang S, Shi Y, Chen Q. Comparison of endocytosis pathways of Duck Tembusu virus in BHK-21 and duck embryo fibroblasts. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102891. [PMID: 37454644 PMCID: PMC10384660 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a zoonotic flavivirus characterized by nonsuppurative encephalitis and decreasing egg production that has adversely affected the poultry industry. While the way of invasion of DTMUV into different host cells, especially primary cells, remains elusive. In the present study, the ultrastructural pathological characteristics showed that DTMUV underwent a typical maturation and replication process: progeny virus particles gathered in rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) cisternae, reached the cell membrane via Golgi body's endocrine channel, then were released in the infected baby hamster kidney-21 (BHK-21) and duck embryo fibroblast (DEF). Endoplasmic reticulum vesicles in BHK-21 were short rods and densely arranged like honeycombs, whereas vesicles in DEF were round and dispersed. Further study showed that the virus replication peak in mammalian BHK-21 cells was at 48 hpi, whereas in avian DEF cells was at 24 hpi. DTMUV entry into BHK-21 and DEF cells was blocked by clathrin inhibitor, chlorpromazine (CPZ), indicating that the flavivirus DTMUV enters BHK-21 and DEF both via a clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) pathway rather than caveola-mediated endocytosis or micropinocytosis. The endocytic difference in DTMUV entry into BHK-21 and DEF cells might provide insight into understanding the underlying virulence difference between passaged cells and cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Xian
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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Mechanisms of Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis by Pathologic Flaviviruses. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020261. [PMID: 36851477 PMCID: PMC9965671 DOI: 10.3390/v15020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are present on every continent and cause significant morbidity and mortality. In many instances, severe cases of infection with flaviviruses involve the invasion of and damage to the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, there are several mechanisms by which it has been hypothesized flaviviruses reach the brain, including the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which acts as a first line of defense by blocking the entry of many pathogens into the brain, passing through the BBB without disruption, as well as travelling into the CNS through axonal transport from peripheral nerves. After flaviviruses have entered the CNS, they cause different neurological symptoms, leading to years of neurological sequelae or even death. Similar to neuroinvasion, there are several identified mechanisms of neuropathology, including direct cell lysis, blockage of the cell cycle, indication of apoptosis, as well as immune induced pathologies. In this review, we aim to summarize the current knowledge in the field of mechanisms of both neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis during infection with a variety of flaviviruses and examine the potential contributions and timing of each discussed pathway.
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Yang S, Shi Y, Wu J, Chen Q. Ultrastructural study of the duck brain infected with duck Tembusu virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1086828. [PMID: 36891400 PMCID: PMC9987711 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1086828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is an emerging avian flavivirus characterized by causing severe ovaritis and neurological symptoms in ducks. The pathology of the central nervous system (CNS) caused by DTMUV is rarely studied. This study aimed to systematically investigate the ultrastructural pathology of the CNS of ducklings and adult ducks infected with DTMUV via transmission electron microscopy technology at a cytopathological level. The results showed that DTMUV caused extensive lesions in the brain parenchyma of ducklings and slight damage in adult ducks. The neuron was the target cell of DTMUV, and virions were mainly observed in their cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and the saccules of Golgi apparatus. The neuron perikaryon showed degenerative changes where the membranous organelles gradually decomposed and disappeared with DTMUV infection. Besides neurons, DTMUV infection induced marked swelling in astrocytic foot processes in ducklings and evident myelin lesions in ducklings and adult ducks. The activated microglia were observed phagocytizing injured neurons, neuroglia cells, nerve fibers, and capillaries after the DTMUV infection. Affected brain microvascular endothelial cells were surrounded by edema and had increased pinocytotic vesicles and cytoplasmic lesions. In conclusion, the above results systematically describe the subcellular morphological changes of the CNS after DTMUV infection, providing an ultrastructural pathological research basis for DTMUV-induced neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.,Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Li T, Ren Y, Zhang T, Zhai X, Wang X, Wang J, Xing B, Miao R, Li N, Wei L. Duck LGP2 Downregulates RIG-I Signaling Pathway-Mediated Innate Immunity Against Tembusu Virus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916350. [PMID: 35784309 PMCID: PMC9241487 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, the retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLR) has been demonstrated to play a critical role in activating downstream signaling in response to viral RNA. However, its role in ducks’ antiviral innate immunity is less well understood, and how gene-mediated signaling is regulated is unknown. The regulatory role of the duck laboratory of genetics and physiology 2 (duLGP2) in the duck RIG-I (duRIG-I)-mediated antiviral innate immune signaling system was investigated in this study. In duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cells, overexpression of duLGP2 dramatically reduced duRIG-I-mediated IFN-promotor activity and cytokine expression. In contrast, the knockdown of duLGP2 led to an opposite effect on the duRIG-I-mediated signaling pathway. We demonstrated that duLGP2 suppressed the duRIG-I activation induced by duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) infection. Intriguingly, when duRIG-I signaling was triggered, duLGP2 enhanced the production of inflammatory cytokines. We further showed that duLGP2 interacts with duRIG-I, and this interaction was intensified during DTMUV infection. In summary, our data suggest that duLGP2 downregulated duRIG-I mediated innate immunity against the Tembusu virus. The findings of this study will help researchers better understand the antiviral innate immune system’s regulatory networks in ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Yanyan Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Xiuyuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Bin Xing
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Runchun Miao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Ning Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
| | - Liangmeng Wei
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sino-German Cooperative Research Centre for Zoonosis of Animal Origin of Shandong Province, Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an City, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Origin and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Tai’an City, China
- *Correspondence: Liangmeng Wei,
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11
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Huang Y, Chu X, Zhang Y, Yang S, Shi Y, Wu J, Qiusheng C. Duck Tembusu virus infection causes testicular atrophy. Theriogenology 2022; 188:52-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Cai W, Pan Y, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Jia R. Regulatory Role of Host MicroRNAs in Flaviviruses Infection. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869441. [PMID: 35479613 PMCID: PMC9036177 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA that affect mRNA abundance or translation efficiency by binding to the 3′UTR of the mRNA of the target gene, thereby participating in multiple biological processes, including viral infection. Flavivirus genus consists of small, positive-stranded, single-stranded RNA viruses transmitted by arthropods, especially mosquitoes and ticks. The genus contains several globally significant human/animal pathogens, such as Dengue virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Yellow fever virus, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Tembusu virus. After flavivirus invades, the expression of host miRNA changes, exerting the immune escape mechanism to create an environment conducive to its survival, and the altered miRNA in turn affects the life cycle of the virus. Accumulated evidence suggests that host miRNAs influence flavivirus replication and host–virus interactions through direct binding of viral genomes or through virus-mediated host transcriptome changes. Furthermore, miRNA can also interweave with other non-coding RNAs, such as long non-coding RNA and circular RNA, to form an interaction network to regulate viral replication. A variety of non-coding RNAs produced by the virus itself exert similar function by interacting with cellular RNA and viral RNA. Understanding the interaction sites between non-coding RNA, especially miRNA, and virus/host genes will help us to find targets for antiviral drugs and viral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Cai
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Anchun Cheng,
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
- Renyong Jia,
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Yang S, Wu J, Shi Y, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Chen Q. Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Ducks. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-11. [PMID: 35234114 DOI: 10.1017/s143192762200006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important internal barrier. Herein, the electron microscope examination of duck BBB was performed during the brain development. Meanwhile, the genes/proteins of tight junctions (TJs) including zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in the duck brain were detected by Q-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The results showed the density of capillaries in the brain gradually increased during the embryonic period. The generation of the BBB and the specialization of its components occurred mainly in the embryonic stage. During this period, the endothelial cells (ECs) became thinner and pinocytic vesicles decreased; the TJs between EC membranes became longer and more electron-dense; the basement membrane surrounding ECs and pericytes gradually thickened; and the astrocyte foot processes appeared to wrap around the vessels. By the day of hatching (P1), the whole set of duck BBB structures was completely assembled and gradually improved in the subsequent growth process. Interestingly, compared with the cerebrum and cerebellum, the maturity level of the midbrain BBB was earlier seen during the embryonic stage. The expression of TJs increased during the embryonic period and remained stable by post-hatching. The study systematically investigated the histochemical and ultrastructural features of duck BBB during development and explored the corresponding relationship between structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Shanghai200241, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province210095, China
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14
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Yang S, Wu J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Yang P, Chen Q. Role of apoptosis in Duck Tembusu virus infection of duckling brains in vivo. Poult Sci 2021; 101:101636. [PMID: 34991036 PMCID: PMC8741609 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a novel flavivirus that occurs mainly in poultry. DTMUV infection can cause common neurological symptoms in ducklings, but the pathogenesis of DTMUV has not been elucidated yet. In this study, a DTMUV-infected duckling model was constructed to investigate the apoptosis in the duckling brains. After DTMUV infection, apoptotic cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the abundances of apoptosis-related genes and proteins were not obviously changed in the early stage of infection but significantly changed in the middle and late stages of the disease. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay staining results were also consistent with the above phenomena. Interestingly, although apoptosis occurred in the duckling brains infected by DTMUV, some antiapoptotic genes in the brain increased in varying degrees. In conclusion, DTMUV infection could induce apoptosis in ducklings' brains, and the occurrence of apoptosis was accompanied by the virus infection process with certain regularity. This study provides a scientific basis for elucidating the apoptotic mechanism of brain lesions induced by DTMUV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yufei Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China; Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210095, China.
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New Insights into the Biology of the Emerging Tembusu Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10081010. [PMID: 34451474 PMCID: PMC8398659 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reported for the first time in 1955 in Malaysia, Tembusu virus (TMUV) remained, for a long time, in the shadow of flaviviruses with human health importance such as dengue virus or Japanese encephalitis virus. However, since 2010 and the first large epidemic in duck farms in China, the threat of its emergence on a large scale in Asia or even its spillover into the human population is becoming more and more significant. This review aims to report current knowledge on TMUV from viral particle organization to the development of specific vaccines and therapeutics, with a particular focus on host-virus interactions.
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