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Henriques P, Rosa A, Caldeira-Araújo H, Soares P, Vigário AM. Flying under the radar - impact and factors influencing asymptomatic DENV infections. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1284651. [PMID: 38076464 PMCID: PMC10704250 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1284651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of DENV and other Flaviviruses infections represents a spectrum of severity that ranges from mild manifestations to severe disease, which can ultimately lead to death. Nonetheless, most of these infections result in an asymptomatic outcome that may play an important role in the persistent circulation of these viruses. Also, although little is known about the mechanisms that lead to these asymptomatic infections, they are likely the result of a complex interplay between viral and host factors. Specific characteristics of the infecting viral strain, such as its replicating efficiency, coupled with host factors, like gene expression of key molecules involved in the immune response or in the protection against disease, are among crucial factors to study. This review revisits recent data on factors that may contribute to the asymptomatic outcome of the world's widespread DENV, highlighting the importance of silent infections in the transmission of this pathogen and the immune status of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Henriques
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Rosa
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Helena Caldeira-Araújo
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Pedro Soares
- Department of Biology, CBMA (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology), Braga, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Vigário
- Projecto Medicina, Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Hu H, Feng Y, He ML. Targeting Type I Interferon Induction and Signaling: How Zika Virus Escapes from Host Innate Immunity. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:3015-3028. [PMID: 37416780 PMCID: PMC10321277 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.83056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causes neurological disorders and draws great attention. ZIKV infection can elicit a wide range of immune response. Type I interferons (IFNs) as well as its signaling cascade play crucial role in innate immunity against ZIKV infection and in turn ZIKV can antagonize them. ZIKV genome are mainly recognized by Toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3), TLR7/8 and RIG-I-like receptor 1 (RIG-1), which induces the expression of Type I IFNs and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). ISGs exert antiviral activity at different stages of the ZIKV life cycle. On the other hand, ZIKV takes multiple strategies to antagonize the Type Ⅰ IFN induction and its signaling pathway to establish a pathogenic infection, especially by using the viral nonstructural (NS) proteins. Most of the NS proteins can directly interact with the factors in the pathways to escape the innate immunity. In addition, structural proteins also participate in the innate immune evasion and activation of antibody-binding of blood dendritic cell antigen 2 (BDCA2) or inflammasome also be used to enhance ZIKV replication. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about the interaction between ZIKV infection and type I IFNs pathways and suggest potential strategies for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yaxiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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3
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Yi C, Vajdi A, Ferdousi T, Cohnstaedt LW, Scoglio C. PICTUREE-Aedes: A Web Application for Dengue Data Visualization and Case Prediction. Pathogens 2023; 12:771. [PMID: 37375461 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12060771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever remains a significant public health concern in many tropical and subtropical countries, and there is still a need for a system that can effectively combine global risk assessment with timely incidence forecasting. This research describes an integrated application called PICTUREE-Aedes, which can collect and analyze dengue-related data, display simulation results, and forecast outbreak incidence. PICTUREE-Aedes automatically updates global temperature and precipitation data and contains historical records of dengue incidence (1960-2012) and Aedes mosquito occurrences (1960-2014) in its database. The application utilizes a mosquito population model to estimate mosquito abundance, dengue reproduction number, and dengue risk. To predict future dengue outbreak incidence, PICTUREE-Aedes applies various forecasting techniques, including the ensemble Kalman filter, recurrent neural network, particle filter, and super ensemble forecast, which are all based on user-entered case data. The PICTUREE-Aedes' risk estimation identifies favorable conditions for potential dengue outbreaks, and its forecasting accuracy is validated by available outbreak data from Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Yi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Aram Vajdi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Tanvir Ferdousi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Lee W Cohnstaedt
- National Bio- and Agro-Defense Facility, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA
| | - Caterina Scoglio
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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4
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Sampei Z, Koo CX, Teo FJ, Toh YX, Fukuzawa T, Gan SW, Nambu T, Ho A, Honda K, Igawa T, Ahmed F, Wang CI, Fink K, Nezu J. Complement Activation by an Anti-Dengue/Zika Antibody with Impaired Fcγ Receptor Binding Provides Strong Efficacy and Abrogates Risk of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12020036. [PMID: 37218902 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To combat infectious diseases, vaccines are considered the best prophylactic strategy for a wide range of the population, but even when vaccines are effective, the administration of therapeutic antibodies against viruses could provide further treatment options, particularly for vulnerable groups whose immunity against the viruses is compromised. Therapeutic antibodies against dengue are ideally engineered to abrogate binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), which can induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). However, the Fc effector functions of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been reported to improve post-exposure therapy, while they are dispensable when administered as prophylaxis. Hence, in this report, we investigated the influence of Fc engineering on anti-virus efficacy using the anti-dengue/Zika human antibody SIgN-3C and found it affected the viremia clearance efficacy against dengue in a mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that complement activation through antibody binding to C1q could play a role in anti-dengue efficacy. We also generated a novel Fc variant, which displayed the ability for complement activation but showed very low FcγR binding and an undetectable level of the risk of ADE in a cell-based assay. This Fc engineering approach could make effective and safe anti-virus antibodies against dengue, Zika and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenjiro Sampei
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | | | - Frannie Jiuyi Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Taku Fukuzawa
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Takeru Nambu
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Adrian Ho
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Kiyofumi Honda
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Fariyal Ahmed
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
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5
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Wilken L, Stelz S, Prajeeth CK, Rimmelzwaan GF. Transient Blockade of Type I Interferon Signalling Promotes Replication of Dengue Virus Strain D2Y98P in Adult Wild-Type Mice. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040814. [PMID: 37112795 PMCID: PMC10142689 DOI: 10.3390/v15040814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 (DENV1-4) place nearly half the global population at risk of infection and the licenced tetravalent dengue vaccine fails to protect individuals who have not previously been exposed to DENV. The development of intervention strategies had long been hampered by the lack of a suitable small animal model. DENV does not replicate in wild-type mice due to its inability to antagonise the mouse type I interferon (IFN) response. Mice deficient in type I IFN signalling (Ifnar1-/- mice) are highly susceptible to DENV infection, but their immunocompromised status makes it difficult to interpret immune responses elicited by experimental vaccines. To develop an alternative mouse model for vaccine testing, we treated adult wild-type mice with MAR1-5A3-an IFNAR1-blocking, non-cell-depleting antibody-prior to infection with the DENV2 strain D2Y98P. This approach would allow for vaccination of immunocompetent mice and subsequent inhibition of type I IFN signalling prior to challenge infection. While Ifnar1-/- mice quickly succumbed to infection, MAR1-5A3-treated mice did not show any signs of illness but eventually seroconverted. Infectious virus was recovered from the sera and visceral organs of Ifnar1-/- mice, but not from those of mice treated with MAR1-5A3. However, high levels of viral RNA were detected in the samples of MAR1-5A3-treated mice, indicating productive viral replication and dissemination. This transiently immunocompromised mouse model of DENV2 infection will aid the pre-clinical assessment of next-generation vaccines as well as novel antiviral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wilken
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sonja Stelz
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Chittappen Kandiyil Prajeeth
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine (TiHo), 30559 Hannover, Germany
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6
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Immune-Mediated Pathogenesis in Dengue Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112575. [PMID: 36423184 PMCID: PMC9699586 DOI: 10.3390/v14112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the major public health concerns around the globe, especially in the tropical regions of the world that contribute to 75% percent of dengue cases. While the majority of DENV infections are mild or asymptomatic, approximately 5% of the cases develop a severe form of the disease that is mainly attributed to sequential infection with different DENV serotypes. The severity of dengue depends on many immunopathogenic mechanisms involving both viral and host factors. Emerging evidence implicates an impaired immune response as contributing to disease progression and severity by restricting viral clearance and inducing severe inflammation, subsequently leading to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Moreover, the ability of DENV to infect a wide variety of immune cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and T and B cells, further dysregulates the antiviral functions of these cells, resulting in viral dissemination. Although several risk factors associated with disease progression have been proposed, gaps persist in the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and further investigations are warranted. In this review, we discuss known mechanisms of DENV-mediated immunopathogenesis and its association with disease progression and severity.
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7
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Pan Y, Cai W, Cheng A, Wang M, Yin Z, Jia R. Flaviviruses: Innate Immunity, Inflammasome Activation, Inflammatory Cell Death, and Cytokines. Front Immunol 2022; 13:829433. [PMID: 35154151 PMCID: PMC8835115 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.829433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the host’s first line of defense against the invasion of pathogens including flavivirus. The programmed cell death controlled by genes plays an irreplaceable role in resisting pathogen invasion and preventing pathogen infection. However, the inflammatory cell death, which can trigger the overflow of a large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cell contents, will initiate a severe inflammatory response. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of the innate immune response, inflammatory cell death pathway and cytokine secretion regulation during Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus and other flavivirus infections. We also discussed the impact of these flavivirus and viral proteins on these biological processes. This not only provides a scientific basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of flavivirus, but also lays the foundation for the development of effective antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Pan
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjun Cai
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Renyong Jia, ; Anchun Cheng,
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Research Center of Avian Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Renyong Jia, ; Anchun Cheng,
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8
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Sharma L, Peng X, Qing H, Hilliard BK, Kim J, Swaminathan A, Tian J, Israni-Winger K, Zhang C, Habet V, Wang L, Gupta G, Tian X, Ma Y, Shin HJ, Kim SH, Kang MJ, Ishibe S, Young LH, Kotenko S, Compton S, Wilen CB, Wang A, Dela Cruz CS. Distinct Roles of Type I and Type III Interferons during a Native Murine β Coronavirus Lung Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0124121. [PMID: 34705554 PMCID: PMC8791255 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01241-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a major health care threat to humankind. Currently, the host factors that contribute to limit disease severity in healthy young patients are not well defined. Interferons are key antiviral molecules, especially type I and type III interferons. The role of these interferons during coronavirus disease is a subject of debate. Here, using mice that are deficient in type I (IFNAR1-/-), type III (IFNLR1-/-), or both (IFNAR1/LR1-/-) interferon signaling pathways and murine-adapted coronavirus (MHV-A59) administered through the intranasal route, we define the role of interferons in coronavirus infection. We show that type I interferons play a major role in host survival in this model, while a minimal role of type III interferons was manifested only in the absence of type I interferons or during a lethal dose of coronavirus. IFNAR1-/- and IFNAR1/LR1-/- mice had an uncontrolled viral burden in the airways and lung and increased viral dissemination to other organs. The absence of only type III interferon signaling had no measurable difference in the viral load. The increased viral load in IFNAR1-/- and IFNAR1/LR1-/- mice was associated with increased tissue injury, especially evident in the lung and liver. Type I but not type III interferon treatment was able to promote survival if treated during early disease. Further, we show that type I interferon signaling in macrophages contributes to the beneficial effects during coronavirus infection in mice. IMPORTANCE The antiviral and pathological potential of type I and type III interferons during coronavirus infection remains poorly defined, and opposite findings have been reported. We report that both type I and type III interferons have anticoronaviral activities, but their potency and organ specificity differ. Type I interferon deficiency rendered the mice susceptible to even a sublethal murine coronavirus infection, while the type III interferon deficiency impaired survival only during a lethal infection or during a sublethal infection in the absence of type I interferon signaling. While treatment with both type I and III interferons promoted viral clearance in the airways and lung, only type I interferons promoted the viral clearance in the liver and improved host survival upon early treatment (12 h postinfection). This study demonstrates distinct roles and potency of type I and type III interferons and their therapeutic potential during coronavirus lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaohua Peng
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Qing
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brandon K. Hilliard
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anush Swaminathan
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Justin Tian
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kavita Israni-Winger
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Victoria Habet
- Section of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gayatri Gupta
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yina Ma
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Hyeon-Jun Shin
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sang-Hun Kim
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Min-Jong Kang
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lawrence H. Young
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sergei Kotenko
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Susan Compton
- Molecular and Serological Diagnostics, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig B. Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Charles S. Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
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9
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Reguzova A, Fischer N, Müller M, Salomon F, Jaenisch T, Amann R. A Novel Orf Virus D1701-VrV-Based Dengue Virus (DENV) Vaccine Candidate Expressing HLA-Specific T Cell Epitopes: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121862. [PMID: 34944678 PMCID: PMC8698572 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dengue virus (DENV) affects almost half of the world’s population there are neither preventive treatments nor any long-lasting and protective vaccines available at this time. The complexity of the protective immune response to DENV is still not fully understood. The most advanced vaccine candidates focus specifically on humoral immune responses and the production of virus-neutralizing antibodies. However, results from several recent studies have revealed the protective role of T cells in the immune response to DENV. Hence, in this study, we generated a novel and potent DENV vaccine candidate based on an Orf virus (ORFV, genus Parapoxvirus) vector platform engineered to encode five highly conserved or cross-reactive DENV human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02- or HLA-B*07-restricted epitopes as minigenes (ORFV-DENV). We showed that ORFV-DENV facilitates the in vitro priming of CD8+ T cells from healthy blood donors based on responses to each of the encoded immunogenic peptides. Moreover, we demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from clinically confirmed DENV-positive donors stimulated with ORFV-DENV generate cytotoxic T cell responses to at least three of the expressed DENV peptides. Finally, we showed that ORFV-DENV could activate CD8+ T cells isolated from donors who had recovered from Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. ZIKV belongs to the same virus family (Flaviviridae) and has epitope sequences that are homologous to those of DENV. We found that highly conserved HLA-B*07-restricted ZIKV and DENV epitopes induced functional CD8+ T cell responses in PBMCs isolated from confirmed ZIKV-positive donors. In summary, this proof-of-concept study characterizes a promising new ORFV D1701-VrV-based DENV vaccine candidate that induces broad and functional epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Reguzova
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Nico Fischer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) & Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.F.); (T.J.)
| | - Melanie Müller
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Ferdinand Salomon
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH) & Tropical Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (N.F.); (T.J.)
| | - Ralf Amann
- Department of Immunology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.R.); (M.M.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-707-1298-7614
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10
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Mammalian animal models for dengue virus infection: a recent overview. Arch Virol 2021; 167:31-44. [PMID: 34761286 PMCID: PMC8579898 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05298-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue, a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne human viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), is a public health concern in tropical and subtropical areas due to its expanding geographical range. DENV can cause a wide spectrum of illnesses in humans, ranging from asymptomatic infection or mild dengue fever (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is caused by four DENV serotypes; however, dengue pathogenesis is complex and poorly understood. Establishing a useful animal model that can exhibit dengue-fever-like signs similar to those in humans is essential to improve our understanding of the host response and pathogenesis of DENV. Although several animal models, including mouse models, non-human primate models, and a recently reported tree shrew model, have been investigated for DENV infection, animal models with clinical signs that are similar to those of DF in humans have not yet been established. Although animal models are essential for understanding the pathogenesis of DENV infection and for drug and vaccine development, each animal model has its own strengths and limitations. Therefore, in this review, we provide a recent overview of animal models for DENV infection and pathogenesis, focusing on studies of the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect in animal models.
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11
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Rox K, Heyner M, Krull J, Harmrolfs K, Rinne V, Hokkanen J, Perez Vilaro G, Díez J, Müller R, Kröger A, Sugiyama Y, Brönstrup M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model for the Treatment of Dengue Infections Applied to the Broad Spectrum Antiviral Soraphen A. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:1499-1513. [PMID: 34661071 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
While a drug treatment is unavailable, the global incidence of Dengue virus (DENV) infections and its associated severe manifestations continues to rise. We report the construction of the first physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model that predicts viremia levels in relevant target organs based on preclinical data with the broad spectrum antiviral soraphen A (SorA), an inhibitor of the host cell target acetyl-CoA-carboxylase. SorA was highly effective against DENV in vitro (EC50 = 4.7 nM) and showed in vivo efficacy by inducing a significant reduction of viral load in the spleen and liver of IFNAR-/- mice infected with DENV-2. PBPK/PD predictions for SorA matched well with the experimental infection data. Transfer to a human PBPK/PD model for DENV to mimic a clinical scenario predicted a reduction in viremia by more than one log10 unit for an intravenous infusion regimen of SorA. The PBPK/PD model is applicable to any DENV drug lead and, thus, represents a valuable tool to accelerate and facilitate DENV drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rox
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Maxi Heyner
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jana Krull
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Harmrolfs
- Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | - Gemma Perez Vilaro
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juana Díez
- Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Dr. Aiguader, 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rolf Müller
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E 8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Andrea Kröger
- Research Group Innate Immunity and Infection, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Baton Zone Program, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mark Brönstrup
- Department of Chemical Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner-Site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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12
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Kayesh MEH, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Recent Insights Into the Molecular Mechanism of Toll-Like Receptor Response to Dengue Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:744233. [PMID: 34603272 PMCID: PMC8483762 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.744233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). Recently, DENV has been affecting humans within an expanding geographic range due to the warming of the earth. Innate immune responses play a significant role in antiviral defense, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key regulators of innate immunity. Therefore, a detailed understanding of TLR and DENV interactions is important for devising therapeutic and preventive strategies. Several studies have indicated the ability of DENV to modulate the TLR signaling pathway and host immune response. Vaccination is considered one of the most successful medical interventions for preventing viral infections. However, only a partially protective dengue vaccine, the first licensed dengue vaccine CYD-TDV, is available in some dengue-endemic countries to protect against DENV infection. Therefore, the development of a fully protective, durable, and safe DENV vaccine is a priority for global health. Here, we demonstrate the progress made in our understanding of the host response to DENV infection, with a particular focus on TLR response and how DENV avoids the response toward establishing infection. We also discuss dengue vaccine candidates in late-stage development and the issues that must be overcome to enable their success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, Bangladesh
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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13
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A Live-Attenuated Zika Virus Vaccine with High Production Capacity Confers Effective Protection in Neonatal Mice. J Virol 2021; 95:e0038321. [PMID: 33910950 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00383-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been linked to congenital abnormalities, such as microcephaly in infants. An efficacious vaccine is desirable for preventing the potential recurrence of ZIKV epidemic. Here, we report the generation of an attenuated ZIKV (rGZ02a) that has sharply decreased virulence in mice but grows to high titers in Vero cells, a widely approved cell line for manufacturing human vaccines. Compared to the wild-type ZIKV (GZ02) and a plasmid-launched rGZ02p, rGZ02a has 3 unique amino acid alterations in the envelope (E, S304F), nonstructural protein 1 (NS1, R103K), and NS5 (W637R). rGZ02a is more sensitive to type I interferon than GZ02 and rGZ02p, and causes no severe neurological disorders in either wild-type neonatal C57BL/6 mice or type I interferon receptor knockout (Ifnar1-/-) C57BL/6 mice. Immunization with rGZ02a elicits robust inhibitory antibody responses with a certain long-term durability. Neonates born to the immunized dams are effectively protected against ZIKV-caused neurological disorders and brain damage. rGZ02a as a booster vaccine greatly improves the protective immunity primed by Ad2-prME, an adenovirus-vectored vaccine expressing ZIKV prM and E proteins. Our results illustrate that rGZ02a-induced maternal immunity can be transferred to the neonates and confer effective protection. Hence, rGZ02a may be developed as an alternative live-attenuated vaccine and warrants further evaluation. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus that has caused global outbreaks since 2013, is associated with severe neurological disorders, such as Guillian-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in infants. The ZIKV epidemic has gradually subsided, but a safe and effective vaccine is still desirable to prevent its potential recurrence, especially in countries of endemicity with competent mosquito vectors. Here, we describe a novel live-attenuated ZIKV, rGZ02a, that carries 3 unique amino acid alterations compared to the wild-type GZ02 and a plasmid-launched rGZ02p. The growth capacity of rGZ02a is comparable to GZ02 in Vero cells, but the pathogenicity is significantly attenuated in two mice models. Immunization with rGZ02a elicits robust inhibitory antibody responses in the dams and effectively protects their offspring against ZIKV disease. Importantly, in a heterologous prime-boost regimen, rGZ02a effectively boosts the protective immunity primed by an adenovirus-vectored vaccine. Thus, rGZ02a is a promising candidate for a live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine.
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14
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Yang D, Chu H, Lu G, Shuai H, Wang Y, Hou Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Hu B, Chai Y, Yuen TTT, Zhao X, Lee ACY, Ye Z, Li C, Chik KKH, Zhang AJ, Zhou J, Yuan S, Chan JFW. STAT2-dependent restriction of Zika virus by human macrophages but not dendritic cells. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1024-1037. [PMID: 33979266 PMCID: PMC8205058 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1929503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that poses significant threats to global public health. Macrophages and dendritic cells are both key sentinel cells in the host immune response and play critical roles in the pathogenesis of flavivirus infections. Recent studies showed that ZIKV could productively infect monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs), but the role of macrophages in ZIKV infection remains incompletely understood. In this study, we first compared ZIKV infection in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and moDCs derived from the same donors. We demonstrated that while both MDMs and moDCs were susceptible to epidemic (Puerto Rico) and pre-epidemic (Uganda) strains of ZIKV, virus replication was largely restricted in MDMs but not in moDCs. ZIKV induced significant apoptosis in moDCs but not MDMs. The restricted virus replication in MDMs was not due to inefficient virus entry but was related to post-entry events in the viral replication cycle. In stark contrast with moDCs, ZIKV failed to inhibit STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation in MDMs. This resulted in the lack of efficient antagonism of the host type I interferon-mediated antiviral responses. Importantly, depletion of STAT2 but not STAT1 in MDMs significantly rescued the replication of ZIKV and the prototype flavivirus yellow fever virus. Overall, our findings revealed a differential interplay between macrophages and dendritic cells with ZIKV. While dendritic cells may be exploited by ZIKV to facilitate virus replication, macrophages restricted ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, People's Republic of China.,Hainan-Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, and the The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiner Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Terrence Tsz-Tai Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew Chak-Yiu Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Cun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenn Ka-Heng Chik
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Hainan-Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China, and the The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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15
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Rathore APS, Mantri CK, Tan MW, Shirazi R, Nishida A, Aman SAB, Morrison J, St John AL. Immunological and Pathological Landscape of Dengue Serotypes 1-4 Infections in Immune-Competent Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681950. [PMID: 34168651 PMCID: PMC8219075 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a Flavivirus, causes a broad spectrum of disease in humans with key clinical signs including thrombocytopenia, vascular leakage and hemorrhaging. A major obstacle to understanding DENV immunity has been the lack of a validated immune-competent mouse model. Here, we report the infection profiles of human clinical isolates of DENV serotypes 1-4 in an immune-competent mouse model. We detected replicating DENV in the peritoneal cells, liver and the spleen that was generally resolved within 2 weeks. The DENV target cell types for infection were monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and we identified a novel DENV cellular target, fibroblast reticular cells of the spleen. We observed gross pathologies in the spleen and liver that are consistent with dengue disease, including hemorrhaging as well as transcriptional patterns suggesting that antiviral responses and tissue damage were induced. Key clinical blood parameters that define human DENV disease such as hemoconcentration, leukopenia and reduced number of platelets were also observed. Thus, immune-competent mice sustain replicating infection and experience signs, such as hemorrhaging, that define DENV disease in humans. This study thoroughly characterizes DENV1-4 infection in immune-competent mice and confirms the wild-type mouse model as a valid and reproducible system for investigating the mechanisms of DENV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chinmay K Mantri
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meredith W Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roksana Shirazi
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Andrew Nishida
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Siti A B Aman
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juliet Morrison
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Ashley L St John
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Young Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Pathogen Dose in Animal Models of Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infections and the Potential Impact on Studies of the Immune Response. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030275. [PMID: 33804381 PMCID: PMC7999429 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fever viruses come from a wide range of virus families and are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide each year. Animal models of infection with a number of these viruses have contributed to our knowledge of their pathogenesis and have been crucial for the development of therapeutics and vaccines that have been approved for human use. Most of these models use artificially high doses of virus, ensuring lethality in pre-clinical drug development studies. However, this can have a significant effect on the immune response generated. Here I discuss how the dose of antigen or pathogen is a critical determinant of immune responses and suggest that the current study of viruses in animal models should take this into account when developing and studying animal models of disease. This can have implications for determination of immune correlates of protection against disease as well as informing relevant vaccination and therapeutic strategies.
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Idris F, Ting DHR, Alonso S. An update on dengue vaccine development, challenges, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1811675
expr 880867630 + 907120263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriedzwan Idris
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Bates TA, Chuong C, Hawks SA, Rai P, Duggal NK, Weger-Lucarelli J. Development and characterization of infectious clones of two strains of Usutu virus. Virology 2020; 554:28-36. [PMID: 33352463 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Usutu virus (USUV; genus Flavivirus; family Flaviviridae) is a mosquito-borne, positive-sense RNA virus that is currently causing significant die-offs in numerous bird species throughout Europe and has caused infections in humans. Currently, there are no molecular clones for USUV, hence, hindering studies on the pathogenesis and transmission of USUV. Here, we demonstrate the development and characterization of infectious clones for two modern strains of USUV isolated from Europe and Africa. We show that the infectious clone-derived viruses replicated similarly to the parental strains in mammalian and insect cells. Additionally, we observed similar levels of replication and disease in two mouse models. These clones will aid the study of USUV infection, transmission, diagnostics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Bates
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Christina Chuong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Seth A Hawks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Pallavi Rai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nisha K Duggal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - James Weger-Lucarelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, VA-MD Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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Use of Animal Models in Studying Roles of Antibodies and Their Secretion Cells in Dengue Vaccine Development. Viruses 2020; 12:v12111261. [PMID: 33167518 PMCID: PMC7694450 DOI: 10.3390/v12111261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardinal feature of adaptive immunity is its ability to form memory responses that can be rapidly recalled to contain pathogens upon reencountering. Conferring a robust memory immune response to an infection is a key feature for a successful vaccination program. The plasmablasts are cells that not only can secret non-neutralizing antibodies but also can secrete the specific antibodies essential to neutralize and inactivate the invading pathogens. Dengue has been recognized as one of the most important vector-borne human viral diseases globally. Currently, supportive care with vigilant monitoring is the standard practice since there is as yet no approved therapeutic modality to treat dengue. Even though the approved vaccine has become available, its low efficacy with the potential to cause harm is the major hurdle to promote the widespread usage of the vaccine. Despite the decades of research on dengue, the major challenge in dengue vaccine development is the absence of suitable experimental animal models that reflect the pathological features and clinical symptoms, as seen in humans. Dengue is transmitted by the bite of mosquitoes carrying infectious dengue virus (DENV), which has four distinct serotypes. Recently, cases resulting from unconventional transmission routes, such as blood transfusion, organs as well as stem cells and bone marrow transplantations, and mother-to-infant vertical transmission, have been reported, suggesting an alternate route of DENV transmission exists in nature. This review discusses issues and challenges needing to be resolved to develop an effective dengue vaccine. Development of a robust and reliable dengue animal model that can reflect not only dynamic human clinical symptoms but also can answer around why preexisting neutralizing antibodies do not confer protection upon re-infection and immune protection marker for dengue vaccine efficacy evaluation.
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20
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Shukla R, Beesetti H, Brown JA, Ahuja R, Ramasamy V, Shanmugam RK, Poddar A, Batra G, Krammer F, Lim JK, Kale S, Lal AA, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. Dengue and Zika virus infections are enhanced by live attenuated dengue vaccine but not by recombinant DSV4 vaccine candidate in mouse models. EBioMedicine 2020; 60:102991. [PMID: 32949997 PMCID: PMC7501058 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A tetravalent live attenuated dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, sensitised naïve recipients to severe dengue illness upon a subsequent natural dengue infection and is suspected to be due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). ADE has also been implicated in the severe neurological outcomes of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. It has become evident that cross-reactive antibodies targeting the viral pre-membrane protein and fusion-loop epitope are ADE-competent. A pre-clinical tetravalent dengue sub-unit vaccine candidate, DSV4, eliminates these ADE-competent epitopes. Methods We compared protective efficacy and ADE-competence of murine polyclonal antibodies induced by DSV4, Dengvaxia and an ‘in house’ tetravalent mixture of all four laboratory DENV strains, TV DENV, using established mouse models. Findings DSV4-induced antibodies, known to be predominantly type-specific, provided significant protection against lethal DENV challenge, but did not promote ADE of either DENV or ZIKV infection in vivo. Antibodies elicited by Dengvaxia and TV DENV, which are predominantly cross-reactive, not only failed to offer protection against lethal DENV challenge, but also promoted ADE of both DENV and ZIKV infection in vivo. Interpretation Protective efficacy against DENV infection may be linked to the induction of neutralising antibodies which are type-specific rather than cross-reactive. Whole virus-based dengue vaccines may be associated with ADE risk, despite their potent virus-neutralising capacity. Vaccines designed to eliminate ADE-competent epitopes may help eliminate/minimise ADE risk. Funding This study was supported partly by ICGEB, India, the National Biopharma Mission, DBT, Government of India, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Limited, India, and NIAID, NIH, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Shukla
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hemalatha Beesetti
- Dengue Laboratory, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Julia A Brown
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Richa Ahuja
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Viswanathan Ramasamy
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajgokul K Shanmugam
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Batra
- Centre for Biodesign and Diagnostics, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Jean K Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Sachin Kale
- Dengue Laboratory, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Altaf A Lal
- Dengue Laboratory, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Navin Khanna
- Translational Health Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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Idris F, Ting DHR, Alonso S. An update on dengue vaccine development, challenges, and future perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:47-58. [PMID: 32838577 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1811675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION From both a public health and economic perspective, vaccination is arguably the most effective approach to combat endemic and pandemic infectious diseases. Dengue affects more than 100 countries in the tropical and subtropical world, with 100-400 million infections every year. In the wake of the recent setback faced by Dengvaxia, the only FDA-approved dengue vaccine, safer and more effective dengue vaccines candidates are moving along the clinical pipeline. AREA COVERED This review provides an update of the latest outcomes of dengue vaccine clinical trials. In the light of recent progress made in our understanding of dengue pathogenesis and immune correlates of protection, novel vaccine strategies have emerged with promising second-generation dengue vaccine candidates. Finally, the authors discuss the dengue-specific challenges that remain to be addressed and overcome. EXPERT OPINION The authors propose to explore various adjuvants and delivery systems that may help improve the design of safe, effective, and affordable vaccines against dengue. They also challenge the concept of a 'universal' dengue vaccine as increasing evidence support that DENV strains have evolved different virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhriedzwan Idris
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Donald Heng Rong Ting
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvie Alonso
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore.,Immunology Programme, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Nazerai L, Schøller AS, Bassi MR, Buus S, Stryhn A, Christensen JP, Thomsen AR. Effector CD8 T Cell-Dependent Zika Virus Control in the CNS: A Matter of Time and Numbers. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1977. [PMID: 32973802 PMCID: PMC7461798 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, came into the spotlight in 2016 when it was found to be associated with an increased rate of microcephalic newborns in Brazil. The virus has further been recognized to cause neurologic complications in children and adults in the form of myelitis, encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and Guillain Barre Syndrome in a fraction of infected individuals. With the ultimate goal of identifying correlates of protection to guide the design of an effective vaccine, the study of the immune response to ZIKV infection has become the focus of research worldwide. Both innate and adaptive immune responses seem to be essential for controlling the infection. Induction of sufficient levels of neutralizing antibodies has been strongly correlated with protection against reinfection in various models, while the role of CD8 T cells as antiviral effectors in the CNS has been controversial. In an attempt to improve our understanding regarding the role of ZIKV-induced CD8 T cells in protective immunity inside the CNS, we have expanded on previous studies in intracranially infected mice. In a recent study, we have demonstrated that, peripheral ZIKV infection in adult C57BL/6 mice induces a robust CD8 T cell response that peaks within a week. In the present study, we used B cell deficient as well as wild-type mice to show that there is a race between CXCR3-dependent recruitment of the effector CD8 T cells and local ZIKV replication, and that CD8 T cells are capable of local viral control if they arrive in the brain early after viral invasion, in appropriate numbers and differentiation state. Our data highlight the benefits of considering this subset when designing vaccines against Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loulieta Nazerai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie Skak Schøller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rosaria Bassi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Stryhn
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Allan Randrup Thomsen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Clarke EC, Bradfute SB. The use of mice lacking type I or both type I and type II interferon responses in research on hemorrhagic fever viruses. Part 1: Potential effects on adaptive immunity and response to vaccination. Antiviral Res 2020; 174:104703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.104703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Humanized Mice in Dengue Research: A Comparison with Other Mouse Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010039. [PMID: 31979145 PMCID: PMC7157640 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is an arbovirus of the Flaviviridae family and is an enveloped virion containing a positive sense single-stranded RNA genome. DENV causes dengue fever (DF) which is characterized by an undifferentiated syndrome accompanied by fever, fatigue, dizziness, muscle aches, and in severe cases, patients can deteriorate and develop life-threatening vascular leakage, bleeding, and multi-organ failure. DF is the most prevalent mosquito-borne disease affecting more than 390 million people per year with a mortality rate close to 1% in the general population but especially high among children. There is no specific treatment and there is only one licensed vaccine with restricted application. Clinical and experimental evidence advocate the role of the humoral and T-cell responses in protection against DF, as well as a role in the disease pathogenesis. A lot of pro-inflammatory factors induced during the infectious process are involved in increased severity in dengue disease. The advances in DF research have been hampered by the lack of an animal model that recreates all the characteristics of this disease. Experiments in nonhuman primates (NHP) had failed to reproduce all clinical signs of DF disease and during the past decade, humanized mouse models have demonstrated several benefits in the study of viral diseases affecting humans. In DENV studies, some of these models recapitulate specific signs of disease that are useful to test drugs or vaccine candidates. However, there is still a need for a more complete model mimicking the full spectrum of DENV. This review focuses on describing the advances in this area of research.
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Distinct Roles of Interferon Alpha and Beta in Controlling Chikungunya Virus Replication and Modulating Neutrophil-Mediated Inflammation. J Virol 2019; 94:JVI.00841-19. [PMID: 31619554 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00841-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) are key mediators of the innate immune response. Although members of this family of cytokines signal through a single shared receptor, biochemical and functional variation exists in response to different IFN subtypes. While previous work has demonstrated that type I IFNs are essential to control infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a globally emerging alphavirus, the contributions of individual IFN subtypes remain undefined. To address this question, we evaluated CHIKV pathogenesis in mice lacking IFN-β (IFN-β knockout [IFN-β-KO] mice or mice treated with an IFN-β-blocking antibody) or IFN-α (IFN regulatory factor 7 knockout [IRF7-KO] mice or mice treated with a pan-IFN-α-blocking antibody). Mice lacking either IFN-α or IFN-β developed severe clinical disease following infection with CHIKV, with a marked increase in foot swelling compared to wild-type mice. Virological analysis revealed that mice lacking IFN-α sustained elevated infection in the infected ankle and in distant tissues. In contrast, IFN-β-KO mice displayed minimal differences in viral burdens within the ankle or at distal sites and instead had an altered cellular immune response. Mice lacking IFN-β had increased neutrophil infiltration into musculoskeletal tissues, and depletion of neutrophils in IFN-β-KO but not IRF7-KO mice mitigated musculoskeletal disease caused by CHIKV. Our findings suggest disparate roles for the IFN subtypes during CHIKV infection, with IFN-α limiting early viral replication and dissemination and IFN-β modulating neutrophil-mediated inflammation.IMPORTANCE Type I interferons (IFNs) possess a range of biological activity and protect against a number of viruses, including alphaviruses. Despite signaling through a shared receptor, there are established biochemical and functional differences among the IFN subtypes. The significance of our research is in demonstrating that IFN-α and IFN-β both have protective roles during acute chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection but do so by distinct mechanisms. IFN-α limits CHIKV replication and dissemination, whereas IFN-β protects from CHIKV pathogenesis by limiting inflammation mediated by neutrophils. Our findings support the premise that the IFN subtypes have distinct biological activities in the antiviral response.
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Rogers KJ, Brunton B, Mallinger L, Bohan D, Sevcik KM, Chen J, Ruggio N, Maury W. IL-4/IL-13 polarization of macrophages enhances Ebola virus glycoprotein-dependent infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0007819. [PMID: 31825972 PMCID: PMC6905523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ebolavirus (EBOV) outbreaks, while sporadic, cause tremendous morbidity and mortality. No therapeutics or vaccines are currently licensed; however, a vaccine has shown promise in clinical trials. A critical step towards development of effective therapeutics is a better understanding of factors that govern host susceptibility to this pathogen. As macrophages are an important cell population targeted during virus replication, we explore the effect of cytokine polarization on macrophage infection. METHODS/MAIN FINDINGS We utilized a BSL2 EBOV model virus, infectious, recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus encoding EBOV glycoprotein (GP) (rVSV/EBOV GP) in place of its native glycoprotein. Macrophages polarized towards a M2-like anti-inflammatory state by combined IL-4 and IL-13 treatment were more susceptible to rVSV/EBOV GP, but not to wild-type VSV (rVSV/G), suggesting that EBOV GP-dependent entry events were enhanced by these cytokines. Examination of RNA expression of known surface receptors that bind and internalize filoviruses demonstrated that IL-4/IL-13 stimulated expression of the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN in human macrophages and addition of the competitive inhibitor mannan abrogated IL-4/IL-13 enhanced infection. Two murine DC-SIGN-like family members, SIGNR3 and SIGNR5, were upregulated by IL-4/IL-13 in murine macrophages, but only SIGNR3 enhanced virus infection in a mannan-inhibited manner, suggesting that murine SIGNR3 plays a similar role to human DC-SIGN. In vivo IL-4/IL-13 administration significantly increased virus-mediated mortality in a mouse model and transfer of ex vivo IL-4/IL-13-treated murine peritoneal macrophages into the peritoneal cavity of mice enhanced pathogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE These studies highlight the ability of macrophage polarization to influence EBOV GP-dependent virus replication in vivo and ex vivo, with M2a polarization upregulating cell surface receptor expression and thereby enhancing virus replication. Our findings provide an increased understanding of the host factors in macrophages governing susceptibility to filoviruses and identify novel murine receptors mediating EBOV entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai J. Rogers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Bethany Brunton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Laura Mallinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Dana Bohan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Sevcik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Natalie Ruggio
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
| | - Wendy Maury
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mimicking immune signatures of flavivirus infection with targeted adjuvants improves dengue subunit vaccine immunogenicity. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:27. [PMID: 31285858 PMCID: PMC6592935 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0119-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are a critical component for protection against dengue virus (DENV) infection, but little is known about the immune mechanisms governing their induction and whether such mechanisms can be harnessed for vaccine development. In this study, we profiled the early immune responses to flaviviruses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and screened a panel of toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists that stimulate the same immune signatures. Monocyte/macrophage-driven inflammatory responses and interferon responses were characteristics of flavivirus infection and associated with induction of nAbs in humans immunized with the yellow fever vaccine YF-17D. The signatures were best reproduced by the combination of TLR agonists Pam3CSK4 and PolyI:C (PP). Immunization of both mice and macaques with a poorly immunogenic recombinant DENV-2 envelope domain III (EDIII) induced more consistent nAb and CD4+ T-cell responses with PP compared to alum plus monophosphoryl lipid A. Induction of nAbs by PP required interferon-mediated signals in macrophages in mice. However, EDIII + PP vaccination only provided partial protection against viral challenge. These results provide insights into mechanisms underlying nAb induction and a basis for further improving antigen/adjuvant combinations for dengue vaccine development. Neutralizing antibodies (nAb) are associated with protection from symptomatic dengue virus infection and current dengue vaccine development aims to elicit a strong nAb response. However, immune mechanisms underlying nAb development in response to dengue infection or vaccination are not completely understood. In this study, led by Jianzhu Chen from the Interdisciplinary Research Group in Infectious Diseases in Singapore, researchers identify a combination of two TLR agonists that elicits better nAb responses than currently used adjuvants. Comparison of transcriptomes of human PBMCs infected with flaviviruses identifies an immune signature that is associated with induction of nAbs and a similar immune signature can be elicited with a combination of two TLR agonists. Vaccination of mice or non-human primates using these two TLR agonists as adjuvant elicits a strong nAb response. However, this vaccination regimen could not confer protection in the animals, suggesting that further improvements of this vaccine candidate will be necessary.
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28
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Fowler AM, Tang WW, Young MP, Mamidi A, Viramontes KM, McCauley MD, Carlin AF, Schooley RT, Swanstrom J, Baric RS, Govero J, Diamond MS, Shresta S. Maternally Acquired Zika Antibodies Enhance Dengue Disease Severity in Mice. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 24:743-750.e5. [PMID: 30439343 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibody (Ab)-dependent enhancement can exacerbate dengue virus (DENV) infection due to cross-reactive Abs from an initial DENV infection, facilitating replication of a second DENV. Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in DENV-endemic areas, raising questions about whether existing immunity could affect these related flaviviruses. We show that mice born with circulating maternal Abs against ZIKV develop severe disease upon DENV infection. Compared with pups of naive mothers, those born to ZIKV-immune mice lacking type I interferon receptor in myeloid cells (LysMCre+Ifnar1fl/fl) exhibit heightened disease and viremia upon DENV infection. Passive transfer of IgG isolated from mice born to ZIKV-immune mothers resulted in increased viremia in naive recipient mice. Treatment with Abs blocking inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor linked to DENV disease or Abs blocking DENV entry improved survival of DENV-infected mice born to ZIKV-immune mothers. Thus, the maternal Ab response to ZIKV infection or vaccination might predispose to severe dengue disease in infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Fowler
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - William W Tang
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Matthew P Young
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anila Mamidi
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Karla M Viramontes
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Melanie D McCauley
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert T Schooley
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jesica Swanstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Govero
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Lazo L, Valdes I, Guillén G, Hermida L, Gil L. Aiming at the heart: the capsid protein of dengue virus as a vaccine candidate. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:161-173. [PMID: 30677305 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1574575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue fever remains as a health problem worldwide. Although Dengvaxia®, was registered in several countries, the results after the immunization of people suggest an increase of risk in non-immune persons and children younger than 9 years old. No other vaccine is registered so far, thus the development of a safe and effective vaccine continues to be a priority for the WHO and the scientific community. AREAS COVERED This work reviews the structural and antigenic properties of the capsid protein of Dengue virus, along with results of studies performed to assess the immunogenicity and protective capacity in animals of vaccine candidates based on this protein. EXPERT OPINION The generation of a memory cellular immune response alone, after vaccination against Dengue virus, could be advantageous, as there would not be risk of increasing viral infectivity through sub-neutralizing antibodies. However, it is improbable to achieving sterilizing immunity. In this scenario, an infection could stablished but without the appearance of the severe disease. The cell-mediated immunity should keep the virus at bay. The capsid protein induces a protective immune response in animals without the induction of virus-binding antibodies. Vaccine candidates based on this protein could be an attractive strategy to induce protection against the severe Dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lazo
- a Vaccine Department , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) , Havana , Cuba
| | - Iris Valdes
- a Vaccine Department , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) , Havana , Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- a Vaccine Department , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) , Havana , Cuba
| | - Lisset Hermida
- a Vaccine Department , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) , Havana , Cuba
| | - Lázaro Gil
- a Vaccine Department , Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) , Havana , Cuba
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Suzuki H, Tsuji R, Sugamata M, Yamamoto N, Yamamoto N, Kanauchi O. Administration of plasmacytoid dendritic cell-stimulative lactic acid bacteria is effective against dengue virus infection in mice. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:426-434. [PMID: 30365042 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV), a mosquito‑borne flavivirus, causes an acute febrile illness that is a major public health problem in the tropics and subtropics globally. However, methods to prevent or treat DENV infection have not been well established. It was previously demonstrated that Lactococcus lactis strain plasma (LC‑plasma) has the ability to stimulate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). As pDCs are key immune cells that control viral infection by producing large amounts of type I interferons (IFN), the present study evaluated the effect of LC‑plasma on DENV infection using a mouse infectious DENV strain. Mice were divided into two groups and the test group was orally administered LC‑plasma for two weeks. Two weeks following administration, the mice were infected with DENV and the relative viral titers and the expression of the inflammatory genes in DENV‑infected tissue were measured using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR). The relative viral titers were notably lower in the DENV‑infected tissues compared with the control group when LC‑plasma was orally administered prior to DENV infection. Furthermore, the expression of the inflammatory genes associated with DENV infection was also reduced by LC‑plasma administration. To investigate how LC‑plasma administration controls DENV infection, the present study examined anti‑viral gene expression, which is critical for the viral clearance induced by type I IFN. Two weeks subsequent to the administration of LC‑plasma, the expression of anti‑viral gene was measured using RT‑qPCR. Oral intake of LC‑plasma enhanced anti‑viral gene expression in DENV‑infected spleen tissue. To clarify the detailed mechanism, in vitro co‑culture studies using bone‑marrow derived DC (BMDC) were performed. BMDC were stimulated with LC‑plasma in combination with anti‑IFN‑α/β antibody and the expression of anti‑viral genes was measured. In vitro studies revealed that the effect of LC‑plasma on anti‑viral genes was dependent on type I IFN. Based on these results, LC‑plasma may be effective against DENV infection by stimulating pDCs, which results in the increased production of anti‑viral factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Suzuki
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama‑shi, Kanagawa 236‑0004, Japan
| | - Ryohei Tsuji
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama‑shi, Kanagawa 236‑0004, Japan
| | - Miho Sugamata
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama‑shi, Kanagawa 236‑0004, Japan
| | - Naoki Yamamoto
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162‑8640, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Infection Control Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113‑8421, Japan
| | - Osamu Kanauchi
- Research Laboratories for Health Science and Food Technologies, Kirin Company, Ltd., Yokohama‑shi, Kanagawa 236‑0004, Japan
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Using a Virion Assembly-Defective Dengue Virus as a Vaccine Approach. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01002-18. [PMID: 30111567 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01002-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent mosquito-transmitted viral pathogen in humans. The recently licensed dengue vaccine has major weaknesses. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop improved dengue vaccines. Here, we report a virion assembly-defective DENV as a vaccine platform. DENV containing an amino acid deletion (K188) in nonstructural protein 2A (NS2A) is fully competent in viral RNA replication but is completely defective in virion assembly. When trans-complemented with wild-type NS2A protein, the virion assembly defect could be rescued, generating pseudoinfectious virus (PIVNS2A) that could initiate single-round infection. The trans-complementation efficiency could be significantly improved through selection for adaptive mutations, leading to high-yield PIVNS2A production, with titers of >107 infectious-focus units (IFU)/ml. Mice immunized with a single dose of PIVNS2A elicited strong T cell immune responses and neutralization antibodies and were protected from wild-type-virus challenge. Collectively, the results proved the concept of using assembly-defective virus as a vaccine approach. The study also solved the technical bottleneck in producing high yields of PIVNS2A vaccine. The technology could be applicable to vaccine development for other viral pathogens.IMPORTANCE Many flaviviruses are significant human pathogens that pose global threats to public health. Although licensed vaccines are available for yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, and dengue viruses, new approaches are needed to develop improved vaccines. Using dengue virus as a model, we developed a vaccine platform using a virion assembly-defective virus. We show that such an assembly-defective virus could be rescued to higher titers and infect cells for a single round. Mice immunized with the assembly-defective virus were protected from wild-type-virus infection. This vaccine approach could be applicable to other viral pathogens.
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Koestner W, Spanier J, Klause T, Tegtmeyer PK, Becker J, Herder V, Borst K, Todt D, Lienenklaus S, Gerhauser I, Detje CN, Geffers R, Langereis MA, Vondran FWR, Yuan Q, van Kuppeveld FJM, Ott M, Staeheli P, Steinmann E, Baumgärtner W, Wacker F, Kalinke U. Interferon-beta expression and type I interferon receptor signaling of hepatocytes prevent hepatic necrosis and virus dissemination in Coxsackievirus B3-infected mice. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007235. [PMID: 30075026 PMCID: PMC6107283 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
During Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection hepatitis is a potentially life threatening complication, particularly in newborns. Studies with type I interferon (IFN-I) receptor (IFNAR)-deficient mice revealed a key role of the IFN-I axis in the protection against CVB3 infection, whereas the source of IFN-I and cell types that have to be IFNAR triggered in order to promote survival are still unknown. We found that CVB3 infected IFN-β reporter mice showed effective reporter induction, especially in hepatocytes and only to a minor extent in liver-resident macrophages. Accordingly, upon in vitro CVB3 infection of primary hepatocytes from murine or human origin abundant IFN-β responses were induced. To identify sites of IFNAR-triggering we performed experiments with Mx reporter mice, which upon CVB3 infection showed massive luciferase induction in the liver. Immunohistological studies revealed that during CVB3 infection MX1 expression of hepatocytes was induced primarily by IFNAR-, and not by IFN-III receptor (IFNLR)-triggering. CVB3 infection studies with primary human hepatocytes, in which either the IFN-I or the IFN-III axis was inhibited, also indicated that primarily IFNAR-, and to a lesser extent IFNLR-triggering was needed for ISG induction. Interestingly, CVB3 infected mice with a hepatocyte-specific IFNAR ablation showed severe liver cell necrosis and ubiquitous viral dissemination that resulted in lethal disease, as similarly detected in classical IFNAR-/- mice. In conclusion, we found that during CVB3 infection hepatocytes are major IFN-I producers and that the liver is also the organ that shows strong IFNAR-triggering. Importantly, hepatocytes need to be IFNAR-triggered in order to prevent virus dissemination and to assure survival. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that during CVB3 infection hepatocytes serve as important IFN-I producers and sensors not only in the murine, but also in the human system. CVB3 belongs to human enteroviruses and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Infections with CVB3 are mostly unnoticed or cause flu-like symptoms, however, they can also cause severe disease, such as myocarditis, pancreatitis, and hepatitis. Although CVB3 does not efficiently trigger plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which are the main IFN-I producers in many other virus infections, IFNAR signaling plays a crucial role in CVB3 control. Therefore, we investigated which cells are stimulated to produce IFN-I following CVB3 infection and which cell types have to be IFNAR-triggered in order to confer anti-viral protection. We found that upon CVB3 infection IFN-β was mainly expressed within the liver, especially by hepatocytes and not by liver resident macrophages. This was corroborated by in vitro CVB3 infection experiments with primary murine and human hepatocytes. Interestingly, IFNAR signaling of hepatocytes was required to control the virus. Collectively, our data indicate that hepatocytes, and not immune cells, are the key innate effector cells that are relevant for the control of CVB3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Koestner
- Institute for Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Spanier
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tanja Klause
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Pia-K. Tegtmeyer
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jennifer Becker
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Vanessa Herder
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Borst
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia N. Detje
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Genome Analytics Research Group, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martijn A. Langereis
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, and German Centre for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Qinggong Yuan
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank J. M. van Kuppeveld
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Ott
- Institute for Cell and Gene Therapy, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Staeheli
- Institute for Virology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Wacker
- Institute for Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Wong G, Qiu XG. Type I interferon receptor knockout mice as models for infection of highly pathogenic viruses with outbreak potential. Zool Res 2018; 39:3-14. [PMID: 29511140 PMCID: PMC5869239 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2017.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their inability to generate a complete immune response, mice knockout for type I interferon (IFN) receptors (Ifnar–/–) are more susceptible to viral infections, and are thus commonly used for pathogenesis studies. This mouse model has been used to study many diseases caused by highly pathogenic viruses from many families, including the Flaviviridae, Filoviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, Henipaviridae, and Togaviridae. In this review, we summarize the findings from these animal studies, and discuss the pros and cons of using this model versus other known methods for studying pathogenesis in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Wong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen Guangzhou 518020, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Xiang-Guo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0J9, Canada
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Louis C, Burns C, Wicks I. TANK-Binding Kinase 1-Dependent Responses in Health and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 29559975 PMCID: PMC5845716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is driven by genetic predisposition and environmental triggers that lead to dysregulated immune responses. These include the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies and aberrant production of inflammatory cytokines. Current therapies for RA and other autoimmune diseases reduce inflammation by targeting inflammatory mediators, most of which are innate response cytokines, resulting in generalized immunosuppression. Overall, this strategy has been very successful, but not all patients respond, responses can diminish over time and numerous side effects can occur. Therapies that target the germinal center (GC) reaction and/or antibody-secreting plasma cells (PC) potentially provide a novel approach. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an IKK-related serine/threonine kinase best characterized for its involvement in innate antiviral responses through the induction of type I interferons. TBK1 is also gaining attention for its roles in humoral immune responses. In this review, we discuss the role of TBK1 in immunological pathways involved in the development and maintenance of antibody responses, with particular emphasis on its potential relevance in the pathogenesis of humoral autoimmunity. First, we review the role of TBK1 in the induction of type I IFNs. Second, we highlight how TBK1 mediates inducible T cell co-stimulator signaling to the GC T follicular B helper population. Third, we discuss emerging evidence on the contribution of TBK1 to autophagic pathways and the potential implications for immune cell function. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of TBK1 inhibition in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Burns
- Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Wicks
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Immune Responses to Dengue and Zika Viruses-Guidance for T Cell Vaccine Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15020385. [PMID: 29473899 PMCID: PMC5858454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite numerous efforts to identify the molecular and cellular effectors of the adaptive immunity that induce a long-lasting immunity against dengue or Zika virus infection, the specific mechanisms underlying such protective immunity remain largely unknown. One of the major challenges lies in the high level of dengue virus (DENV) seroprevalence in areas where Zika virus (ZIKV) is circulating. In the context of such a pre-existing DENV immunity that can exacerbate ZIKV infection and disease, and given the lack of appropriate treatment for ZIKV infection, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient vaccine against DENV and ZIKV. Notably, whereas several ZIKV vaccine candidates are currently in clinical trials, all these vaccine candidates have been designed to induce neutralizing antibodies as the primary mechanism of immune protection. Given the difficulty to elicit simultaneously high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the different DENV serotypes, and the potential impact of pre-existing subneutralizing antibodies induced upon DENV infection or vaccination on ZIKV infection and disease, additional or alternative strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy, through T cell immunity, are now being considered. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries about cross-reactive B and T cell responses against DENV and ZIKV and propose guidelines for the development of safe and efficient T cell vaccines targeting both viruses.
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Abstract
Flaviviruses such as dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), West Nile (WNV), and Zika (ZIKV) are human pathogens of global significance. In particular, DENV causes the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral diseases in humans, and ZIKV emerged from obscurity into the spotlight in 2016 as the etiologic agent of congenital Zika syndrome. Owing to the recent emergence of ZIKV as a global pandemic threat, the roles of the immune system during ZIKV infections are as yet unclear. In contrast, decades of DENV research implicate a dual role for the immune system in protection against and pathogenesis of DENV infection. As DENV and ZIKV are closely related, knowledge based on DENV studies has been used to prioritize investigation of ZIKV immunity and pathogenesis, and to accelerate ZIKV diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine design. This review discusses the following topics related to innate and adaptive immune responses to DENV and ZIKV: the interferon system as the key mechanism of host defense and viral target for immune evasion, antibody-mediated protection versus antibody-dependent enhancement, and T cell-mediated protection versus original T cell antigenic sin. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the balance between immune-mediated protection and pathogenesis during DENV and ZIKV infections is critical toward development of safe and effective DENV and ZIKV therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Elong Ngono
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA;
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Ramasamy V, Arora U, Shukla R, Poddar A, Shanmugam RK, White LJ, Mattocks MM, Raut R, Perween A, Tyagi P, de Silva AM, Bhaumik SK, Kaja MK, Villinger F, Ahmed R, Johnston RE, Swaminathan S, Khanna N. A tetravalent virus-like particle vaccine designed to display domain III of dengue envelope proteins induces multi-serotype neutralizing antibodies in mice and macaques which confer protection against antibody dependent enhancement in AG129 mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006191. [PMID: 29309412 PMCID: PMC5774828 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue is one of the fastest spreading vector-borne diseases, caused by four antigenically distinct dengue viruses (DENVs). Antibodies against DENVs are responsible for both protection as well as pathogenesis. A vaccine that is safe for and efficacious in all people irrespective of their age and domicile is still an unmet need. It is becoming increasingly apparent that vaccine design must eliminate epitopes implicated in the induction of infection-enhancing antibodies. Methodology/principal findings We report a Pichia pastoris-expressed dengue immunogen, DSV4, based on DENV envelope protein domain III (EDIII), which contains well-characterized serotype-specific and cross-reactive epitopes. In natural infection, <10% of the total neutralizing antibody response is EDIII-directed. Yet, this is a functionally relevant domain which interacts with the host cell surface receptor. DSV4 was designed by in-frame fusion of EDIII of all four DENV serotypes and hepatitis B surface (S) antigen and co-expressed with unfused S antigen to form mosaic virus-like particles (VLPs). These VLPs displayed EDIIIs of all four DENV serotypes based on probing with a battery of serotype-specific anti-EDIII monoclonal antibodies. The DSV4 VLPs were highly immunogenic, inducing potent and durable neutralizing antibodies against all four DENV serotypes encompassing multiple genotypes, in mice and macaques. DSV4-induced murine antibodies suppressed viremia in AG129 mice and conferred protection against lethal DENV-4 virus challenge. Further, neither murine nor macaque anti-DSV4 antibodies promoted mortality or inflammatory cytokine production when passively transferred and tested in an in vivo dengue disease enhancement model of AG129 mice. Conclusions/significance Directing the immune response to a non-immunodominant but functionally relevant serotype-specific dengue epitope of the four DENV serotypes, displayed on a VLP platform, can help minimize the risk of inducing disease-enhancing antibodies while eliciting effective tetravalent seroconversion. DSV4 has a significant potential to emerge as a safe, efficacious and inexpensive subunit dengue vaccine candidate. Dengue is mosquito-borne viral disease which is currently a global public health problem. It is caused by four different types of dengue viruses. Nearly a 100 million people a year suffer from overt sickness, which may range from mild fever to potentially fatal disease. A virus-based dengue vaccine was launched for the first time in late 2015. Unexpectedly, this vaccine mimics the dengue viruses in that it appears to elicit disease-enhancing antibodies. To reduce such risk, safer vaccines that eliminate viral proteins responsible for undesirable antibodies are needed. We focused our attention on a small domain of the dengue virus surface protein known as envelope domain III (EDIII). Humans make only a small amount of antibodies against EDIII, but these antibodies are effective in blocking dengue virus from entering cells. We used a yeast expression system to display EDIIIs of all four types of dengue viruses on the surface of non-infectious virus-like particles (VLPs). These VLPs elicited antibodies, in mice and monkeys, which blocked all four dengue virus types and their variants from entering cells in culture. Importantly, these antibodies did not enhance dengue infection in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanathan Ramasamy
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankur Poddar
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajgokul K. Shanmugam
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura J. White
- Global Vaccines Inc., 801 Capitola Dr., Ste. 11, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Melissa M. Mattocks
- Global Vaccines Inc., 801 Capitola Dr., Ste. 11, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Rajendra Raut
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Ashiya Perween
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Poornima Tyagi
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aravinda M. de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Siddhartha K. Bhaumik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Murali Krishna Kaja
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - François Villinger
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Robert E. Johnston
- Global Vaccines Inc., 801 Capitola Dr., Ste. 11, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Sathyamangalam Swaminathan
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail: (SS); , (NK)
| | - Navin Khanna
- Recombinant Gene Products Group, Molecular Medicine Division, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, INDIA
- * E-mail: (SS); , (NK)
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Animal Models for Dengue and Zika Vaccine Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1062:215-239. [PMID: 29845536 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-8727-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current status of animal models in the study of dengue and Zika are covered in this review. Mouse models deficient in IFN signaling are used to overcome the natural resistance of mice to non-encephalitic flaviviruses. Conditional IFNAR mice and non-human primates (NHP) are useful immuno-competent models. Sterile immunity after dengue vaccination is not observed in NHPs. Placental and fetal development in NHPs is similar to humans, facilitating studies on infection-mediated fetal impairment.
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Hemann EA, Gale M, Savan R. Interferon Lambda Genetics and Biology in Regulation of Viral Control. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1707. [PMID: 29270173 PMCID: PMC5723907 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type III interferons, also known as interferon lambdas (IFNλs), are the most recent addition to the IFN family following their discovery in 2003. Initially, IFNλ was demonstrated to induce expression of interferon-stimulated genes and exert antiviral properties in a similar manner to type I IFNs. However, while IFNλ has been described to have largely overlapping expression and function with type I IFNs, it has become increasingly clear that type III IFNs also have distinct functions from type I IFNs. In contrast to type I IFNs, whose receptor is ubiquitously expressed, type III IFNs signal and function largely at barrier epithelial surfaces, such as the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as the blood–brain barrier. In further support of unique functions for type III IFNs, single nucleotide polymorphisms in IFNL genes in humans are strongly associated with outcomes to viral infection. These biological linkages have also been more directly supported by studies in mice highlighting roles of IFNλ in promoting antiviral immune responses. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of type III IFNs, and how their functions are similar to, and different from, type I IFN in various immune cell subtypes and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Hemann
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ram Savan
- Department of Immunology, Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Zhang WC, Du LJ, Zheng XJ, Chen XQ, Shi C, Chen BY, Sun XN, Li C, Zhang YY, Liu Y, Xiao H, Leng Q, Jiang X, Zhang Z, Sun S, Duan SZ. Elevated sodium chloride drives type I interferon signaling in macrophages and increases antiviral resistance. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:1030-1039. [PMID: 29203528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.805093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I IFN production and signaling in macrophages play critical roles in innate immune responses. High salt (i.e. high concentrations of NaCl) has been proposed to be an important environmental factor that influences immune responses in multiple ways. However, it remains unknown whether high salt regulates type I IFN production and signaling in macrophages. Here, we demonstrated that high salt promoted IFNβ production and its signaling in both human and mouse macrophages, and consequentially primed macrophages for strengthened immune sensing and signaling when challenged with viruses or viral nucleic acid analogues. Using both pharmacological inhibitors and RNA interference we showed that these effects of high salt on IFNβ signaling were mediated by the p38 MAPK/ATF2/AP1 signaling pathway. Consistently, high salt increased resistance to vesicle stomatitis virus (VSV) infection in vitro. In vivo data indicated that a high-salt diet protected mice from lethal VSV infection. Taken together, these results identify high salt as a crucial regulator of type I IFN production and signaling, shedding important new light on the regulation of innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu-Chang Zhang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Xiao-Jun Zheng
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Xiao-Qing Chen
- the Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, and
| | - Chaoji Shi
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Bo-Yan Chen
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Chao Li
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Yu-Yao Zhang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011.,the Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031
| | - Yan Liu
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Hui Xiao
- the Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qibin Leng
- the Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and.,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Shuyang Sun
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and .,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- From the Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology and .,the Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011
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CD8 + T Cell Immune Response in Immunocompetent Mice during Zika Virus Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00900-17. [PMID: 28835502 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00900-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection causees neurologic complications, including Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities in fetuses. We investigated the immune response, especially the CD8+ T cell response in C57BL/6 (B6) wild-type (WT) mice, during ZIKV infection. We found that a robust CD8+ T cell response was elicited, major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+ T cell epitopes were identified, a tetramer that recognizes ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells was developed, and virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells were generated in these mice. The CD8+ T cells from these infected mice were functional, as evidenced by the fact that the adoptive transfer of ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells could prevent ZIKV infection in the CNS and was cross protective against dengue virus infection. Our findings provide comprehensive insight into immune responses against ZIKV and further demonstrate that WT mice could be a natural and easy-access model for evaluating immune responses to ZIKV infection.IMPORTANCE ZIKV infection has severe clinical consequences, including Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, microcephaly, and congenital malformations in fetuses and newborn infants. Therefore, study of the immune response, especially the adaptive immune response to ZIKV infection, is important for understanding diseases caused by ZIKV infection. Here, we characterized the CD8+ T cell immune response to ZIKV in a comprehensive manner and identified ZIKV epitopes. Using the identified immunodominant epitopes, we developed a tetramer that recognizes ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells in vivo, which simplified the detection and evaluation of ZIKV-specific immune responses. In addition, the finding that tetramer-positive memory CD8+ T cell responses were generated and that CD8+ T cells can traffic to a ZIKV-infected brain greatly enhances our understanding of ZIKV infection and provides important insights for ZIKV vaccine design.
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Na W, Yeom M, Choi IK, Yook H, Song D. Animal models for dengue vaccine development and testing. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2017; 6:104-110. [PMID: 28775974 PMCID: PMC5540958 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2017.6.2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a tropical endemic disease; however, because of climate change, it may become a problem in South Korea in the near future. Research on vaccines for dengue fever and outbreak preparedness are currently insufficient. In addition, because there are no appropriate animal models, controversial results from vaccine efficacy assessments and clinical trials have been reported. Therefore, to study the mechanism of dengue fever and test the immunogenicity of vaccines, an appropriate animal model is urgently needed. In addition to mouse models, more suitable models using animals that can be humanized will need to be constructed. In this report, we look at the current status of model animal construction and discuss which models require further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonsung Na
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Minjoo Yeom
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Il-Kyu Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Heejun Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
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43
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Pingen M, Schmid MA, Harris E, McKimmie CS. Mosquito Biting Modulates Skin Response to Virus Infection. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:645-657. [PMID: 28495485 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne infections are increasing in number and are spreading to new regions at an unprecedented rate. In particular, mosquito-transmitted viruses, such as those that cause Zika, dengue, West Nile encephalitis, and chikungunya, have become endemic or have caused dramatic epidemics in many parts of the world. Aedes and Culex mosquitoes are the main culprits, spreading infection when they bite. Importantly, mosquitoes do not act as simple conduits that passively transfer virus from one individual to another. Instead, host responses to mosquito-derived factors have an important influence on infection and disease, aiding replication and dissemination within the host. Here, we discuss the latest research developments regarding this fascinating interplay between mosquito, virus, and the mammalian host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Pingen
- Virus Host Interaction Team, Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Clive S McKimmie
- Virus Host Interaction Team, Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK.
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44
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Siragam V, Qiu X. How can Ebola virus infection lead to endothelial dysfunction and coagulopathy? Future Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2016-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinayakumar Siragam
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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45
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Torresi J, Ebert G, Pellegrini M. Vaccines licensed and in clinical trials for the prevention of dengue. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:1059-1072. [PMID: 28281864 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1261770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue has become a major global public health threat with almost half of the world's population living in at-risk areas. Vaccination would likely represent an effective strategy for the management of dengue disease in endemic regions, however to date there is only one licensed preventative vaccine for dengue infection. The development of a vaccine against dengue virus (DENV) has been hampered by an incomplete understanding of protective immune responses against DENV. The most clinically advanced dengue vaccine is the chimeric yellow fever-dengue vaccine (CYD) that employs the yellow fever virus 17D strain as the replication backbone (Chimerivax-DEN; CYD-TDV). This vaccine had an overall pooled protective efficacy of 65.6% but was substantially more effective against severe dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Several other vaccine approaches have been developed including live attenuated chimeric dengue vaccines (DENVax and LAV Delta 30), DEN protein subunit V180 vaccine (DEN1-80E) and DENV DNA vaccines. These vaccines have been shown to be immunogenic in animals and also safe and immunogenic in humans. However, these vaccines are yet to progress to phase III trials to determine their protective efficacy against dengue. This review will summarize the details of vaccines that have progressed to clinical trials in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Torresi
- a Department of Microbiology and Immunology , The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - G Ebert
- b The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - M Pellegrini
- b The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,c Department of Medical Biology , The University of Melbourne , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
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46
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Xu M, Zuest R, Velumani S, Tukijan F, Toh YX, Appanna R, Tan EY, Cerny D, MacAry P, Wang CI, Fink K. A potent neutralizing antibody with therapeutic potential against all four serotypes of dengue virus. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:2. [PMID: 29263863 PMCID: PMC5627287 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-016-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A therapy for dengue is still elusive. We describe the neutralizing and protective capacity of a dengue serotype-cross-reactive antibody isolated from the plasmablasts of a patient. Antibody SIgN-3C neutralized all four dengue virus serotypes at nano to picomolar concentrations and significantly decreased viremia of all serotypes in adult mice when given 2 days after infection. Moreover, mice were protected from pathology and death from a lethal dengue virus-2 infection. To avoid potential Fc-mediated uptake of immune complexes and ensuing enhanced infection, we introduced a LALA mutation in the Fc part. SIgN-3C-LALA was as efficient as the non-modified antibody in neutralizing dengue virus and in protecting mice while antibody-dependent enhancement was completely abrogated. The epitope of the antibody includes conserved amino acids in all three domains of the glycoprotein, which can explain its cross-reactivity. SIgN-3C-LALA neutralizes dengue virus both pre and post-attachment to host cells. These attributes likely contribute to the remarkable protective capacity of SIgN-3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roland Zuest
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumathy Velumani
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farhana Tukijan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramapraba Appanna
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela Cerny
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul MacAry
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Protective Capacity of the Human Anamnestic Antibody Response during Acute Dengue Virus Infection. J Virol 2016; 90:11122-11131. [PMID: 27707930 PMCID: PMC5126370 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01096-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Half of the world's population is exposed to the risk of dengue virus infection. Although a vaccine for dengue virus is now available in a few countries, its reported overall efficacy of about 60% is not ideal. Protective immune correlates following natural dengue virus infection remain undefined, which makes it difficult to predict the efficacy of new vaccines. In this study, we address the protective capacity of dengue virus-specific antibodies that are produced by plasmablasts a few days after natural secondary infection. Among a panel of 18 dengue virus-reactive human monoclonal antibodies, four groups of antibodies were identified based on their binding properties. While antibodies targeting the fusion loop of the glycoprotein of dengue virus dominated the antibody response, two smaller groups of antibodies bound to previously undescribed epitopes in domain II of the E protein. The latter, largely serotype-cross-reactive antibodies, demonstrated increased stability of binding at pH 5. These antibodies possessed weak to moderate neutralization capacity in vitro but were the most efficacious in promoting the survival of infected mice. Our data suggest that the cross-reactive anamnestic antibody response has a protective capacity despite moderate neutralization in vitro and a moderate decrease of viremia in vivo. IMPORTANCE Antibodies can protect from symptomatic dengue virus infection. However, it is not easy to assess which classes of antibodies provide protection because in vitro assays are not always predictive of in vivo protection. During a repeat infection, dengue virus-specific immune memory cells are reactivated and large amounts of antibodies are produced. By studying antibodies cloned from patients with heterologous secondary infection, we tested the protective value of the serotype-cross-reactive “recall” or “anamnestic” response. We found that results from in vitro neutralization assays did not always correlate with the ability of the antibodies to reduce viremia in a mouse model. In addition, a decrease of viremia in mice did not necessarily improve survival. The most protective antibodies were stable at pH 5, suggesting that antibody binding in the endosomes, after the antibody-virus complex is internalized, might be important to block virus spread in the organism.
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48
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Towards antiviral therapies for treating dengue virus infections. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 30:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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49
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Gil L, Cobas K, Lazo L, Marcos E, Hernández L, Suzarte E, Izquierdo A, Valdés I, Blanco A, Puentes P, Romero Y, Pérez Y, Guzmán MG, Guillén G, Hermida L. A Tetravalent Formulation Based on Recombinant Nucleocapsid-like Particles from Dengue Viruses Induces a Functional Immune Response in Mice and Monkeys. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3597-3606. [PMID: 27683751 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite the considerable effort that has been invested in elucidating the mechanisms of protection and immunopathogenesis associated with dengue virus infections, a reliable correlate of protection against the disease remains to be found. Neutralizing Abs, long considered the prime component of a protective response, can exacerbate disease severity when present at subprotective levels, and a growing body of data is challenging the notion that their titers are positively correlated with disease protection. Consequently, the protective role of cell-mediated immunity in the control of dengue infections has begun to be studied. Although earlier research implicated cellular immunity in dengue immunopathogenesis, a wealth of newer data demonstrated that multifunctional CD8+ T cell responses are instrumental for avoiding the more severe manifestations of dengue disease. In this article, we describe a new tetravalent vaccine candidate based on recombinant dengue virus capsid proteins, efficiently produced in Escherichia coli and purified using a single ion-exchange chromatography step. After aggregation to form nucleocapsid-like particles upon incubation with an oligodeoxynucleotide containing immunostimulatory CpG motifs, these Ags induce, in mice and monkeys, an IFN-γ-secreting cell response that significantly reduces viral load after challenge without the contribution of antiviral Abs. Therefore, this new vaccine candidate may not carry the risk for disease enhancement associated with Ab-based formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lázaro Gil
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Karem Cobas
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Laura Lazo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Ernesto Marcos
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Laura Hernández
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Edith Suzarte
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Alienys Izquierdo
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector, Department of Virology, Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Havana 17 100, Cuba
| | - Iris Valdés
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Aracelys Blanco
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Pedro Puentes
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Yaremis Romero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Yusleidi Pérez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - María G Guzmán
- Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization Collaborating Center for the Study of Dengue and Its Vector, Department of Virology, Pedro Kourí Tropical Medicine Institute, Havana 17 100, Cuba
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
| | - Lisset Hermida
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10 600, Cuba; and
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50
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Olagnier D, Amatore D, Castiello L, Ferrari M, Palermo E, Diamond MS, Palamara AT, Hiscott J. Dengue Virus Immunopathogenesis: Lessons Applicable to the Emergence of Zika Virus. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:3429-48. [PMID: 27130436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the leading mosquito-transmitted viral infection in the world. There are more than 390 million new infections annually; while the majority of infected individuals are asymptomatic or develop a self-limited dengue fever, up to 1 million clinical cases develop severe manifestations, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome, resulting in ~25,000 deaths annually, mainly in children. Gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to dengue infection and immunopathogenesis have hampered the development of vaccines and antiviral agents. Some of these limitations are highlighted by the explosive re-emergence of another arthropod-borne flavivirus-Zika virus-spread by the same vector, the Aedes aegypti mosquito, that also carries dengue, yellow fever and chikungunya viruses. This review will discuss the early virus-host interactions in dengue infection, with emphasis on the interrelationship between oxidative stress and innate immune pathways, and will provide insight as to how lessons learned from dengue research may expedite therapeutic strategies for Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Olagnier
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University Montreal, Canada
| | - Donatella Amatore
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Ferrari
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Palermo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna Teresa Palamara
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - John Hiscott
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
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