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Dalakoti M, Leow MKS, Khoo CM, Yang H, Ling LH, Muthiah M, Tan E, Lee J, Dan YY, Chew N, Seow WQ, Soong PL, Gan L, Gurung R, Ackers-Johnson M, Hou HW, Sachaphibulkij K, MacAry P, Low G, Ang C, Yeo TJ, Djohan AH, Li T, Yeung W, Soh R, Sia CH, Panday V, Loong SSE, Tan BYQ, Yeo LLL, Teo L, Chow P, Foo R. Platform for the interdisciplinary study of cardiovascular, metabolic and neurovascular diseases (PICMAN) protocol. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20521. [PMID: 37993612 PMCID: PMC10665389 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Through extensive multisystem phenotyping, the central aim of Project PICMAN is to correlate metabolic flexibility to measures of cardiometabolic health, including myocardial diastolic dysfunction, coronary and cerebral atherosclerosis, body fat distribution and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This cohort will form the basis of larger interventional trials targeting metabolic inflexibility in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Participants aged 21-72 years with no prior manifest atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are being recruited from a preventive cardiology clinic and an existing cohort of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in an academic medical centre. A total of 120 patients will be recruited in the pilot phase of this study and followed up for 5 years. Those with 10-year ASCVD risk ≥ 5% as per the QRISK3 calculator are eligible. Those with established diabetes mellitus are excluded. Participants recruited undergo a detailed assessment of health behaviours and physical measurements. Participants also undergo a series of multimodality clinical phenotyping comprising cardiac tests, vascular assessments, metabolic tests, liver and neurovascular testing. Blood samples are also being collected and banked for plasma biomarkers, 'multi-omics analyses' and for generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Extensive evidence points to metabolic dysregulation as an early precursor of cardiovascular disease, particularly in Asia. We hypothesise that quantifiable metabolic inflexibility may be representative of an individual in his/her silent, but high-risk progression towards insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The platform for interdisciplinary cardiovascular-metabolic-neurovascular diseases (PICMAN) is a pilot, prospective, multi-ethnic cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Dalakoti
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Melvin Khee Shing Leow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hayang Yang
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eunice Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Lee
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicholas Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Qiang Seow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Poh Loong Soong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Gan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rijan Gurung
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Ackers-Johnson
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karishma Sachaphibulkij
- Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore-Cambridge Cell Phenotyping Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul MacAry
- Center for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore-Cambridge Cell Phenotyping Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gwen Low
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christy Ang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tee Joo Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andie Hartanto Djohan
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tony Li
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wesley Yeung
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rodney Soh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vinay Panday
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaun S E Loong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Y Q Tan
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonard L L Yeo
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lynette Teo
- Department of Radiology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pierce Chow
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Foo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University of Singapore Cardiovascular Disease Translational Research Program, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Song SW, Gupta R, Jothilingam N, Qian X, Gu Y, Lee VV, Sapanel Y, Allen DM, Wong JEL, MacAry P, Ho D, Blasiak A. SHEAR saliva collection device augments sample properties for improved analytical performance. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10490. [PMID: 38023718 PMCID: PMC10658560 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being a convenient clinical substrate for biomonitoring, saliva's widespread utilization has not yet been realized. The non-Newtonian, heterogenous, and highly viscous nature of saliva complicate the development of automated fluid handling processes that are vital for accurate diagnoses. Furthermore, conventional saliva processing methods are resource and/or time intensive precluding certain testing capabilities, with these challenges aggravated during a pandemic. The conventional approaches may also alter analyte structure, reducing application opportunities in point-of-care diagnostics. To overcome these challenges, we introduce the SHEAR saliva collection device that mechanically processes saliva, in a rapid and resource-efficient way. We demonstrate the device's impact on reducing saliva's viscosity, improving sample's uniformity, and increasing diagnostic performance of a COVID-19 rapid antigen test. Additionally, a formal user experience study revealed generally positive comments. SHEAR saliva collection device may support realization of the saliva's potential, particularly in large-scale and/or resource-limited settings for global and community diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wei Song
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Niharika Jothilingam
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yue Gu
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - V Vien Lee
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yoann Sapanel
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - David Michael Allen
- Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Division of Infectious DiseasesNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - John Eu Li Wong
- Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Haematology‐OncologyNational University Cancer Institute, National University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Paul MacAry
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Agata Blasiak
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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3
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Samsudin F, Raghuvamsi P, Petruk G, Puthia M, Petrlova J, MacAry P, Anand GS, Bond PJ, Schmidtchen A. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as a bacterial lipopolysaccharide delivery system in an overzealous inflammatory cascade. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 14:6761401. [PMID: 36240490 PMCID: PMC9940780 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates a potential role for bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the overactivation of the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. LPS is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4, mediating proinflammatory effects. We previously reported that LPS directly interacts with SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and enhances proinflammatory activities. Using native gel electrophoresis and hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we showed that LPS binds to multiple hydrophobic pockets spanning both the S1 and S2 subunits of the S protein. Molecular simulations validated by a microscale thermophoresis binding assay revealed that LPS binds to the S2 pocket with a lower affinity compared to S1, suggesting a role as an intermediate in LPS transfer. Congruently, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation in monocytic THP-1 cells is strongly boosted by S2. Using NF-κB reporter mice followed by bioimaging, a boosting effect was observed for both S1 and S2, with the former potentially facilitated by proteolysis. The Omicron S variant binds to LPS, but with reduced affinity and LPS boosting in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, the data provide a molecular mechanism by which S protein augments LPS-mediated hyperinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firdaus Samsudin
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Palur Raghuvamsi
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ganna Petruk
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Manoj Puthia
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jitka Petrlova
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul MacAry
- Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Ganesh S Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, PA 16801, USA
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Artur Schmidtchen
- Division of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, SE-22184 Lund, Sweden.,Copenhagen Wound Healing Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2400 Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Zuzic L, Samsudin F, Shivgan AT, Raghuvamsi PV, Marzinek JK, Boags A, Pedebos C, Tulsian NK, Warwicker J, MacAry P, Crispin M, Khalid S, Anand GS, Bond PJ. Uncovering cryptic pockets in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Structure 2022; 30:1062-1074.e4. [PMID: 35660160 PMCID: PMC9164293 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2022.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a rapid response in vaccine and drug development. Herein, we modeled a complete membrane-embedded SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and used molecular dynamics simulations with benzene probes designed to enhance discovery of cryptic pockets. This approach recapitulated lipid and host metabolite binding sites previously characterized by cryo-electron microscopy, revealing likely ligand entry routes, and uncovered a novel cryptic pocket with promising druggable properties located underneath the 617-628 loop. A full representation of glycan moieties was essential to accurately describe pocket dynamics. A multi-conformational behavior of the 617-628 loop in simulations was validated using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry experiments, supportive of opening and closing dynamics. The pocket is the site of multiple mutations associated with increased transmissibility found in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern including Omicron. Collectively, this work highlights the utility of the benzene mapping approach in uncovering potential druggable sites on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Zuzic
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Firdaus Samsudin
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Aishwary T Shivgan
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Palur V Raghuvamsi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jan K Marzinek
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Alister Boags
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore; School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Conrado Pedebos
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Nikhil K Tulsian
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jim Warwicker
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Paul MacAry
- Life Sciences Institute, Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Syma Khalid
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Ganesh S Anand
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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5
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Wu L, Brzostek J, Sankaran S, Tan T, Chan C, Yap J, Lai J, MacAry P, Gascoigne N. Abstract 1425: Chimeric antigen receptors based on T cell receptor-like antibodies. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
T cells are essential in adaptive immunity and play an indispensable role to eliminate abnormal or virus infected cells. By merging antibody technology and cell engineering, T cells equipped with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) can be redirected to the target in a non-MHC restricted fashion. Within the past few years, clinical trials using CAR T cells engineered to recognize B cell cancers have shown high rates of response (70%-90%) and durability of response that are unprecedented in acute and chronic leukaemia. However, severe toxicity has been observed due to massive, and to some extent nonspecific, T cell activation. Although CARs have been improved and investigated heavily, the extent to which a CAR is similar to its parental TCR extra- or intracellularly, and whether critical elements involved in normal TCR signalling are kept or rewired in CAR signalling, are unclear. A better understanding of these questions would greatly facilitate improvements in CAR technology and its usefulness in clinical practice. A CAR targeting a peptide-MHC complex (using an Fv from an antibody that recognizes MHC-peptide: in other words, a TCR-like Ab) mimics the process of TCR recognition and takes advantage of CAR technologies developed so far. It is thus an excellent study object to compare TCR and CAR signalling. Well-built research methods on TCR can be transferred immediately to TCR-like CAR, while the knowledge and findings generated through the studies of TCR-like CAR can in turn renew our perceptions on TCR.
TCR-like antibodies targeting the EBV epitopes LMP1125-133, LMP2A426-434 or EBNA1562-570, were engineered as CARs. We find that conformation change, if any, upon ligand binding is not enough to activate downstream TCR signalling, but oligomerization is a crucial factor. Although CAR with a TCR-like specificity can recruit CD8 co-receptor to the immunological synapse, it is dispensable for activation of the T cell. Furthermore, the activation kinetics of CAR and TCR are distinctly different. TCR shows a pulse-like activation, whereas CAR shows an activation that gradually plateaus and remains steady. These unique properties of CAR identified in our study demonstrate that CAR signalling properties may be amenable to modifications leading to better specificity and activity in vivo. Our long-term goal is that the TCR-like CAR can be used to combat EBV induced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.
Citation Format: Ling Wu, Joanna Brzostek, Shvetha Sankaran, Triscilla Tan, Conrad Chan, Jiawei Yap, Junyun Lai, Paul MacAry, Nicholas Gascoigne. Chimeric antigen receptors based on T cell receptor-like antibodies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1425.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Triscilla Tan
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Conrad Chan
- 2Defense Medical and Environmental Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Yap
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junyun Lai
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul MacAry
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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6
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Xu M, Zuest R, Velumani S, Tukijan F, Toh YX, Appanna R, Tan EY, Cerny D, MacAry P, Wang CI, Fink K. A potent neutralizing antibody with therapeutic potential against all four serotypes of dengue virus. NPJ Vaccines 2017; 2:2. [PMID: 29263863 PMCID: PMC5627287 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-016-0003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A therapy for dengue is still elusive. We describe the neutralizing and protective capacity of a dengue serotype-cross-reactive antibody isolated from the plasmablasts of a patient. Antibody SIgN-3C neutralized all four dengue virus serotypes at nano to picomolar concentrations and significantly decreased viremia of all serotypes in adult mice when given 2 days after infection. Moreover, mice were protected from pathology and death from a lethal dengue virus-2 infection. To avoid potential Fc-mediated uptake of immune complexes and ensuing enhanced infection, we introduced a LALA mutation in the Fc part. SIgN-3C-LALA was as efficient as the non-modified antibody in neutralizing dengue virus and in protecting mice while antibody-dependent enhancement was completely abrogated. The epitope of the antibody includes conserved amino acids in all three domains of the glycoprotein, which can explain its cross-reactivity. SIgN-3C-LALA neutralizes dengue virus both pre and post-attachment to host cells. These attributes likely contribute to the remarkable protective capacity of SIgN-3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Xu
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roland Zuest
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sumathy Velumani
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Farhana Tukijan
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ramapraba Appanna
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ern Yu Tan
- Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniela Cerny
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul MacAry
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Flint SM, Jovanovic V, Teo BW, Mak A, Thumboo J, McKinney EF, Lee JC, MacAry P, Kemeny DM, Jayne DR, Fong KY, Lyons PA, Smith KG. Leucocyte subset-specific type 1 interferon signatures in SLE and other immune-mediated diseases. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000183. [PMID: 27252891 PMCID: PMC4879345 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Type 1 interferons (IFN-1) are implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but most studies have only reported the effect of IFN-1 on mixed cell populations. We aimed to define modules of IFN-1-associated genes in purified leucocyte populations and use these as a basis for a detailed comparative analysis. Methods CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, monocytes and neutrophils were purified from patients with SLE, other immune-mediated diseases and healthy volunteers and gene expression then determined by microarray. Modules of IFN-1-associated genes were defined using weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The composition and expression of these modules was analysed. Results 1150 of 1288 IFN-1-associated genes were specific to myeloid subsets, compared with 11 genes unique to T cells. IFN-1 genes were more highly expressed in myeloid subsets compared with T cells. A subset of neutrophil samples from healthy volunteers (HV) and conditions not classically associated with IFN-1 signatures displayed increased IFN-1 gene expression, whereas upregulation of IFN-1-associated genes in T cells was restricted to SLE. Conclusions Given the broad upregulation of IFN-1 genes in neutrophils including in some HV, investigators reporting IFN-1 signatures on the basis of whole blood samples should be cautious about interpreting this as evidence of bona fide IFN-1-mediated pathology. Instead, specific upregulation of IFN-1-associated genes in T cells may be a useful biomarker and a further mechanism by which elevated IFN-1 contributes to autoimmunity in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun M Flint
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vojislav Jovanovic
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology Centre for Life Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Boon Wee Teo
- Department of Medicine , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Anselm Mak
- Department of Medicine , Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Eoin F McKinney
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James C Lee
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul MacAry
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology Centre for Life Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - David M Kemeny
- Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology Centre for Life Sciences , National University of Singapore , Singapore , Singapore
| | - David Rw Jayne
- Department of Medicine , The University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Kok Yong Fong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology , Singapore General Hospital , Singapore , Singapore
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kenneth Gc Smith
- Department of Medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge Institute of Medical Research, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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8
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Chong SZ, Wong KL, Lin G, Yang C, Wong SC, Angeli V, MacAry P, Kemeny D. Human CD8 T cells drive Th1 responses through differentiation of TNF/iNOS-producing dendritic cells (147.4). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.147.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
TNF/iNOS-producing (Tip) dendritic cells have been shown to arise during inflammation and are important mediators of immune defense. However, it is still relatively unclear which cell types contribute to their differentiation. Here we show that CD8 T-cells, through the interaction with DCs, can induce the rapid development of human monocytes into Tip-DCs which express high levels of TNF-α and iNOS. These cells exhibited T-cell priming ability, expressed high levels of MHC class II, up-regulated co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, CD86, toll-like receptors TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, chemokine receptors CCR1 and CX3CR1 and expressed the classical mature DC marker, CD83. Differentiation of monocytes into Tip-DCs was partially dependent on IFN-γ as blocking the IFN-γ receptor on monocytes resulted in a significant decrease in CD40, CD83 expression and TNF-α production. Importantly, these Tip-DCs were capable of further driving Th1 responses by priming naive CD4 T-cells for proliferation and IFN-γ production and this was partially dependent on Tip-DC’s production of TNF-α and NO. Our study hence identifies a role for CD8 T-cells in orchestrating Th1-mediating signals through the differentiation of monocytes into Th1-inducing Tip-DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhen Chong
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- 2NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Loon Wong
- 3Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gen Lin
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siew-Cheng Wong
- 3Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Paul MacAry
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- 2NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David Kemeny
- 1National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- 2NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
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9
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Jovanovic V, Ng Ai Poh A, Ho Xin Pei E, Lim YT, Abdul Aziz N, McKinney E, Lyons P, Smith K, MacAry P, Kemeny M, Wenk M. Anti-lipid response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (44.4). The Journal of Immunology 2011. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.44.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disorder with a broad range of clinical presentations. One of the main factors, proposed to contribute to the development of clinical manifestations of SLE is accumulation and impaired clearance of immune complexes. The aim of the present study was to investigate lipid and anti-lipid antibody profiles in SLE patients’ plasma using ELISA and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The SLE cohort employed in this study is composed of 24 subjects and disease monitoring was undertaken with serial BILAG disease scoring. The blood was collected at three time points: at the moment of flare; and 3-months/12-months after treatment had started. For oxysterols (7α-hydroxycholesterol, 7β-hydroxycholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol) we report a trend where lipid levels and corresponding anti-lipid IgG concentrations are significantly reduced during the course of treatment. For phospholipids (oxidized phosphatidylcholine, cardiolipin) we also show high levels of anti-lipid IgG during flare or active disease. Using GC-MS and ELISA we have confirmed an association of high lipid levels and high anti-lipid IgG level with disease flare in comparison to 12 months after the commencement of treatment. We propose that auto anti-lipid IgGs should now be considered a component of the accumulated immune complexes in SLE and thus may contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojislav Jovanovic
- 1Microbiology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda Ng Ai Poh
- 1Microbiology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eliza Ho Xin Pei
- 1Microbiology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Ting Lim
- 1Microbiology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nurhuda Abdul Aziz
- 1Microbiology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eoin McKinney
- 2Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- 3Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Lyons
- 2Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- 3Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth Smith
- 2Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- 3Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Paul MacAry
- 1Microbiology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Kemeny
- 1Microbiology Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Wenk
- 4Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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10
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Wang Y, Kelly CG, Karttunen JT, Whittall T, Lehner PJ, Duncan L, MacAry P, Younson JS, Singh M, Oehlmann W, Cheng G, Bergmeier L, Lehner T. CD40 is a cellular receptor mediating mycobacterial heat shock protein 70 stimulation of CC-chemokines. Immunity 2001; 15:971-83. [PMID: 11754818 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The 70 kDa mycobacterial heat shock protein (Mtb HSP70) stimulates mononuclear cells to release CC-chemokines. We now show that this function of Mtb HSP70, but not human HSP70, is dependent on the cell surface expression of CD40. Deletion of the CD40 cytoplasmic tail abolished, and CD40 antibody inhibited, Mtb HSP70 stimulation of CC-chemokine release. Mtb HSP70 stimulated THP1, KG1 cells, and monocyte-derived dendritic cells to produce RANTES. Specific binding of CD40-transfected HEK 293 cells to Mtb HSP70 was demonstrated by surface plasmon resonance. Coimmunoprecipitation of Mtb HSP70 with CD40 indicates a physical association between these molecules. The results suggest that CD40 is critical in microbial HSP70 binding and stimulation of RANTES production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, Guy's, King's, and St. Thomas' Medical School, KCL, London, United Kingdom
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