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Song SW, Gupta R, Jothilingam N, Qian X, Gu Y, Lee VV, Sapanel Y, Allen DM, Wong JEL, MacAry P, Ho D, Blasiak A. SHEAR saliva collection device augments sample properties for improved analytical performance. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10490. [PMID: 38023718 PMCID: PMC10658560 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite being a convenient clinical substrate for biomonitoring, saliva's widespread utilization has not yet been realized. The non-Newtonian, heterogenous, and highly viscous nature of saliva complicate the development of automated fluid handling processes that are vital for accurate diagnoses. Furthermore, conventional saliva processing methods are resource and/or time intensive precluding certain testing capabilities, with these challenges aggravated during a pandemic. The conventional approaches may also alter analyte structure, reducing application opportunities in point-of-care diagnostics. To overcome these challenges, we introduce the SHEAR saliva collection device that mechanically processes saliva, in a rapid and resource-efficient way. We demonstrate the device's impact on reducing saliva's viscosity, improving sample's uniformity, and increasing diagnostic performance of a COVID-19 rapid antigen test. Additionally, a formal user experience study revealed generally positive comments. SHEAR saliva collection device may support realization of the saliva's potential, particularly in large-scale and/or resource-limited settings for global and community diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wei Song
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Rashi Gupta
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Niharika Jothilingam
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Xinlei Qian
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yue Gu
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - V Vien Lee
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Yoann Sapanel
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - David Michael Allen
- Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Division of Infectious DiseasesNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - John Eu Li Wong
- Department of MedicineYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Haematology‐OncologyNational University Cancer Institute, National University HospitalSingaporeSingapore
| | - Paul MacAry
- Life Sciences Institute, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Dean Ho
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Agata Blasiak
- The N.1 Institute for Health (N.1), National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- The Institute for Digital Medicine (WisDM), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Design and Engineering, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Department of PharmacologyYong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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Chirico F, Yıldırım M, Dzieciatkowski T, Dabrowski M, Malysz M, Madziala M, Jaguszewski MJ, Bielski K, Nucera G, Filipiak KJ, Szarpak L. Efficiency rating of SG Diagnostics COVID-19 antigen rapid test kit. Future Virol 2023:10.2217/fvl-2021-0210. [PMID: 37091964 PMCID: PMC10115194 DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2021-0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Rapid detection is crucial in complementing vaccination to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Materials & methods: Nasopharyngeal swabs (n = 213) and oropharyngeal swabs (n = 98) were tested. with the antigen rapid test kit. Results: Overall sensitivity (97.96%), specificity (100.00%) and coincidence rate (98.71%) were high, which translated into a positive predictive value of 100.00% and a negative predictive value of 96.64%. Conclusion: Antigen rapid tests have a great potential for screening in different settings to deliver results with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Chirico
- Post-graduate School of Occupational Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Health Service Department, Italian State Police, Ministry of the Interior, Milan, Italy
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science & Letters, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Ağrı, Turkey
| | - Tomasz Dzieciatkowski
- Chair & Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Dabrowski
- Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Chair & Department of Medical Education, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marek Malysz
- Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Polonia University, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Marcin Madziala
- Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Karol Bielski
- Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Polonia University, Czestochowa, Poland
- Emergency Medical Service, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gabriella Nucera
- Department of Emergency, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli & Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Krzysztof J Filipiak
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szarpak
- Research Unit, Polish Society of Disaster Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Outcomes Research, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland
- Research Unit, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Bialystok Oncology Center, Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Ng QX, Lim YL, Han MX, Teoh SE, Thumboo J, Tan BH. The Performance of Lateral Flow Tests in the Age of the Omicron: A Rapid Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36431077 DOI: 10.3390/life12111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prompt detection and isolation of COVID-19 cases is vital for preventing further viral transmission, and lateral flow or rapid antigen tests have been an important diagnostic tool in this pandemic. However, concerns have emerged regarding the sensitivity of these devices for the new BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 omicron variants, which have greater transmissibility and extensive mutations in its spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins. N protein is an important target protein for existing lateral flow devices. This paper therefore aimed to provide a rapid review of available literature on the performance of the lateral flow tests for detecting the omicron coronavirus variant. A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, OVID Medline, and Google Scholar found six published studies and four preprints investigating the performance of existing lateral flow devices for the omicron variant, as compared to the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant. Overall, it appears that the devices have poorer performance for the omicron variant and when testing samples with cycle threshold (Ct) values greater than 25 and in asymptomatic individuals. As most available data were preliminary and had small sample sizes, it is recommended that these data be further studied to better inform and adapt our public health responses.
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Corrêa IA, Faffe DS, Galliez RM, Gonçalves CCA, Maia RA, da Silva GP, Moreira FRR, Mariani D, Campos MF, Leitão IDC, de Souza MR, Cunha MS, Nascimento ÉRDS, Ribeiro LDJ, da Cruz TFC, Policarpo C, Gonzales L, Rodgers MA, Berg M, Vijesurier R, Cloherty GA, Hackett J, Ferreira ODC, Castiñeiras TMPP, Tanuri A, da Costa LJ. A SARS-CoV-2 Negative Antigen Rapid Diagnostic in RT-qPCR Positive Samples Correlates With a Low Likelihood of Infectious Viruses in the Nasopharynx. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:912138. [PMID: 35966714 PMCID: PMC9364907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.912138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) transmission occurs even among fully vaccinated individuals; thus, prompt identification of infected patients is central to control viral circulation. Antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) are highly specific, but sensitivity is variable. Discordant RT-qPCR vs. Ag-RDT results are reported, raising the question of whether negative Ag-RDT in positive RT-qPCR samples could imply the absence of infectious viruses. To study the relationship between negative Ag-RDT results with virological, molecular, and serological parameters, we selected a cross-sectional and a follow-up dataset and analyzed virus culture, subgenomic RNA quantification, and sequencing to determine infectious viruses and mutations. We demonstrated that RT-qPCR positive while SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDT negative discordant results correlate with the absence of infectious virus in nasopharyngeal samples. A decrease in sgRNA detection together with an expected increase in detectable anti-S and anti-N IgGs was also verified in these samples. The data clearly demonstrate that a negative Ag-RDT sample is less likely to harbor infectious SARS-CoV-2 and, consequently, has a lower transmissible potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Alonso Corrêa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Débora Souza Faffe
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mello Galliez
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Richard Araújo Maia
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Peixoto da Silva
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diana Mariani
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana Freire Campos
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela de Carvalho Leitão
- Departamento de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Romário de Souza
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sabino Cunha
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Liane de Jesus Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thais Felix Cordeiro da Cruz
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cintia Policarpo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Gonzales
- Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Michael Berg
- Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | | | - John Hackett
- Abbott Laboratories Inc., Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Orlando da Costa Ferreira
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Jesus da Costa
- Laboratório de Genética e Imunologia das Infecções Virais, Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sitoe N, Sambo J, Nguenha N, Chilaule J, Chelene I, Loquiha O, Mudenyanga C, Viegas S, Cunningham J, Jani I. Performance Evaluation of the STANDARD TM Q COVID-19 and Panbio TM COVID-19 Antigen Tests in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 during High Transmission Period in Mozambique. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020475. [PMID: 35204566 PMCID: PMC8871422 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Laboratory-based molecular assays are the gold standard to detect SARS-CoV-2. In resource-limited settings, the implementation of these assays has been hampered by operational challenges and long turnaround times. Rapid antigen detection tests are an attractive alternative. Our aim is to evaluate the clinical performance of two SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests during a high transmission period. (2) Methods: A total of 1277 patients seeking SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis were enrolled at four health facilities. Nasopharyngeal swabs for rapid antigen and real time PCR testing were collected for each patient. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, misclassification rate, and agreement were determined. (3) Results: The overall sensitivity of Panbio COVID-19 was 41.3% (95% CI: 34.6-48.4%) and the specificity was 98.2% (95% CI: 96.2-99.3%). The Standard Q had an overall sensitivity and specificity of 45.0% (95% CI: 39.9-50.2%) and 97.6% (95% CI: 95.3-99.0%), respectively. The positive predictive value of a positive test was 93.3% and 95.4% for the Panbio and Standard Q Ag-RDTs, respectively. A higher sensitivity of 43.2% and 49.4% was observed in symptomatic cases for the Panbio and Standard Q Ag-RDTs, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Despite the overall low sensitivity, the two evaluated rapid tests are useful to improve the diagnosis of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections during high transmission periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia Sitoe
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (J.S.); (N.N.); (J.C.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (I.J.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Júlia Sambo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (J.S.); (N.N.); (J.C.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (I.J.)
| | - Neuza Nguenha
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (J.S.); (N.N.); (J.C.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (I.J.)
| | - Jorfelia Chilaule
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (J.S.); (N.N.); (J.C.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (I.J.)
| | - Imelda Chelene
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (J.S.); (N.N.); (J.C.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (I.J.)
| | - Osvaldo Loquiha
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Maputo City 592, Mozambique; (O.L.); (C.M.)
| | | | - Sofia Viegas
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (J.S.); (N.N.); (J.C.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (I.J.)
| | - Jane Cunningham
- Global Malaria Program, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Ilesh Jani
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Marracuene 3943, Mozambique; (J.S.); (N.N.); (J.C.); (I.C.); (S.V.); (I.J.)
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Kotsiou OS, Pantazopoulos I, Papagiannis D, Fradelos EC, Kanellopoulos N, Siachpazidou D, Kirgou P, Mouliou DS, Kyritsis A, Kalantzis G, Saharidis GKD, Tzounis E, Gourgoulianis KI. Repeated Antigen-Based Rapid Diagnostic Testing for Estimating the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Prevalence from the Perspective of the Workers' Vulnerability before and during the Lockdown. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:1638. [PMID: 33572118 PMCID: PMC7915907 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No previous study has investigated the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and the changes in the proportion of positive results due to lockdown measures from the angle of workers' vulnerability to coronavirus in Greece. Two community-based programs were implemented to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and investigate if the prevalence changes were significant across various occupations before and one month after lockdown. METHODS Following consent, sociodemographic, clinical, and job-related information were recorded. The VivaDiag™ SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Rapid Test was used. Positive results confirmed by a real-time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for SARS-COV-2. RESULTS Positive participants were more likely to work in the catering/food sector than negative participants before the lockdown. Lockdown restrictions halved the new cases. No significant differences in the likelihood of being SARS-CoV-2 positive for different job categories were detected during lockdown. The presence of respiratory symptoms was an independent predictor for rapid antigen test positivity; however, one-third of newly diagnosed patients were asymptomatic at both time points. CONCLUSIONS The catering/food sector was the most vulnerable to COVID-19 at the pre-lockdown evaluation. We highlight the crucial role of community-based screening with rapid antigen testing to evaluate the potential modes of community transmission and the impact of infection control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ourania S. Kotsiou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Ioannis Pantazopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Papagiannis
- Public Health & Vaccines Lab, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Evangelos C. Fradelos
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
- Public Health & Vaccines Lab, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, GAIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Kanellopoulos
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Dimitra Siachpazidou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Paraskevi Kirgou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Dimitra S. Mouliou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Athanasios Kyritsis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
| | - Georgios Kalantzis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Leoforos Athinon, 8 Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece; (G.K.); (G.K.D.S.)
| | - Georgios K. D. Saharidis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Leoforos Athinon, 8 Pedion Areos, 38334 Volos, Greece; (G.K.); (G.K.D.S.)
| | | | - Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, BIOPOLIS, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (I.P.); (N.K.); (D.S.); (P.K.); (D.S.M.); (A.K.); (K.I.G.)
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AL-Ibraheemi JSS, AL-Saeedi AS. The relationship between IgG and IgM levels and severity of symptoms in COVID-19 patients confirmed by rapid antigen test. J Med Life 2021; 14:790-796. [PMID: 35126749 PMCID: PMC8811674 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to measure immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) response after detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) antigens in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients concerning the severity of symptoms. SARS CoV-2 antigen was confirmed by rapid antigen test, and IgG and IgM were confirmed by VIDAS® SARS-COV-2 IgM and VIDAS® SARS-CoV-2 IgG automated qualitative assays used to rapidly detect antibodies 20–30 days after detection. The serological assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies shows a positive correlation for all patients detected with SARS-CoV-2 antigen with sensitivity 100% with differences in antibodies levels between patients regarding age and significantly related clinical symptoms with p-value 0.013 <0.05. The appearance of clinical symptoms was not significantly related to IgG levels at a p-value of 0.4 >0.05. However, the appearance of clinical symptoms was significantly related to IgM levels at a p-value of 0.002 <0.05. Antigen-dependent rapid tests can be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 in an early stage of infection with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, this study shows the age groups 21–30 and 31–40 have a better response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasim Saeed Salman AL-Ibraheemi
- College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq,Corresponding Author: Jasim Saeed Salman AL-Ibraheemi, College of Medicine, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq. Phone: 009647801010887; E-mail: ;
| | - Abdul-Sattar AL-Saeedi
- Basic and Medical Sciences Branch, College of Nursing, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, Iraq
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