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Govers C, Calder PC, Savelkoul HFJ, Albers R, van Neerven RJJ. Ingestion, Immunity, and Infection: Nutrition and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841532. [PMID: 35296080 PMCID: PMC8918570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections place a heavy burden on the health care system, particularly in the winter months. Individuals with a vulnerable immune system, such as very young children and the elderly, and those with an immune deficiency, are at increased risk of contracting a respiratory infection. Most respiratory infections are relatively mild and affect the upper respiratory tract only, but other infections can be more serious. These can lead to pneumonia and be life-threatening in vulnerable groups. Rather than focus entirely on treating the symptoms of infectious disease, optimizing immune responsiveness to the pathogens causing these infections may help steer towards a more favorable outcome. Nutrition may have a role in such prevention through different immune supporting mechanisms. Nutrition contributes to the normal functioning of the immune system, with various nutrients acting as energy sources and building blocks during the immune response. Many micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) act as regulators of molecular responses of immune cells to infection. It is well described that chronic undernutrition as well as specific micronutrient deficiencies impair many aspects of the immune response and make individuals more susceptible to infectious diseases, especially in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. In addition, other dietary components such as proteins, pre-, pro- and synbiotics, and also animal- and plant-derived bioactive components can further support the immune system. Both the innate and adaptive defense systems contribute to active antiviral respiratory tract immunity. The initial response to viral airway infections is through recognition by the innate immune system of viral components leading to activation of adaptive immune cells in the form of cytotoxic T cells, the production of neutralizing antibodies and the induction of memory T and B cell responses. The aim of this review is to describe the effects of a range different dietary components on anti-infective innate as well as adaptive immune responses and to propose mechanisms by which they may interact with the immune system in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Philip C. Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Huub F. J. Savelkoul
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | - R. J. Joost van Neerven
- Cell Biology and Immunology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Research & Development, FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
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Wu X, Zhang H, Chen J. Comprehensive expectoration nursing in elderly patients with pulmonary infection and its influence on respiratory function. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:12965-12972. [PMID: 34956512 PMCID: PMC8661149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of comprehensive expectoration nursing in elderly patients with pulmonary infection and its influence on respiratory function. METHODS Clinical data of 88 elderly patients with pulmonary infection treated in our hospital from March 2018 to May 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. During treatment, 40 patients receiving conventional nursing mode were included in the control group (CG), and 48 with comprehensive expectoration nursing were included in the observation group (OG). The number of patients with spontaneous expectoration, assisted expectoration and sputum aspiration one week after nursing, the related indices of blood oxygen and lung function before and after nursing, and the sputum excretion volume, respiratory rate and neutrophils one week after nursing, were compared between the two groups. The hospitalization time, expenses, patients' quality of life after nursing and nursing satisfaction were also compared between the two groups. RESULTS Compared with the CG, the hospitalization time and expenses of patients in OG were obviously lower, while the effective rate of sputum excretion was obviously higher after nursing. The blood oxygen, lung function, sputum excretion volume, respiratory rate and neutrophil recovery in OG were obviously better than those in CG. Meanwhile, compared with the CG, the quality of life and nursing satisfaction of patients in OG were obviously higher after nursing. CONCLUSION Comprehensive expectoration nursing in elderly patients with pulmonary infection has better effect and is able to effectively improve their respiratory function, quality of life and nursing satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Wu
- Geriatric and General Medicine Department, Nantong First People’s HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - He Zhang
- Radiological Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Geriatric and General Medicine Department, Nantong First People’s HospitalNantong 226001, Jiangsu Province, China
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Holm SR, Jenkins BJ, Cronin JG, Jones N, Thornton CA. A role for metabolism in determining neonatal immune function. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021; 32:1616-1628. [PMID: 34170575 DOI: 10.1111/pai.13583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses of neonates differ markedly to those of adults, with skewed cytokine phenotypes, reduced inflammatory properties and drastically diminished memory function. Recent research efforts have started to unravel the role of cellular metabolism in determining immune cell fate and function. For studies in humans, much of the work on metabolic mechanisms underpinning innate and adaptive immune responses by different haematopoietic cell types is in adults. Studies investigating the contribution of metabolic adaptation in the unique setting of early life are just emerging, and much more work is needed to elucidate the contribution of metabolism to neonatal immune responses. Here, we discuss our current understanding of neonatal immune responses, examine some of the latest developments in neonatal immunometabolism and consider the possible role of altered metabolism to the distinctive immune phenotype of the neonate. Understanding the role of metabolism in regulating immune function at this critical stage in life has direct benefit for the child by affording opportunities to maximize immediate and long-term health. Additionally, gaining insight into the diversity of human immune function and naturally evolved immunometabolic strategies that modulate immune function could be harnessed for a wide range of opportunities including new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Holm
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Ben J Jenkins
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - James G Cronin
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Nicholas Jones
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Catherine A Thornton
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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Modulation of gut microbiota protects against viral respiratory tract infections: a systematic review of animal and clinical studies. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:4151-4174. [PMID: 33852069 PMCID: PMC8044287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier studies suggest that probiotics have protective effects in the prevention of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Whether such benefits apply to RTIs of viral origin and mechanisms supporting the effect remain unclear. AIM To determine the role of gut microbiota modulation on clinical and laboratory outcomes of viral RTIs. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of articles published in Embase and MEDLINE through 20 April 2020 to identify studies reporting the effect of gut microbiota modulation on viral RTIs in clinical studies and animal models. The incidence of viral RTIs, clinical manifestations, viral load and immunological outcomes was evaluated. RESULTS We included 58 studies (9 randomized controlled trials; 49 animal studies). Six of eight clinical trials consisting of 726 patients showed that probiotics administration was associated with a reduced risk of viral RTIs. Most commonly used probiotics were Lactobacillus followed by Bifidobacterium and Lactococcus. In animal models, treatment with probiotics before viral challenge had beneficial effects against influenza virus infection by improving infection-induced survival (20/22 studies), mitigating symptoms (21/21 studies) and decreasing viral load (23/25 studies). Probiotics and commensal gut microbiota exerted their beneficial effects through strengthening host immunity. CONCLUSION Modulation of gut microbiota represents a promising approach against viral RTIs via host innate and adaptive immunity regulation. Further research should focus on next generation probiotics specific to viral types in prevention and treatment of emerging viral RTIs.
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Gilles S, Blume C, Wimmer M, Damialis A, Meulenbroek L, Gökkaya M, Bergougnan C, Eisenbart S, Sundell N, Lindh M, Andersson L, Dahl Å, Chaker A, Kolek F, Wagner S, Neumann AU, Akdis CA, Garssen J, Westin J, Land B, Davies DE, Traidl‐Hoffmann C. Pollen exposure weakens innate defense against respiratory viruses. Allergy 2020; 75:576-587. [PMID: 31512243 DOI: 10.1111/all.14047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hundreds of plant species release their pollen into the air every year during early spring. During that period, pollen allergic as well as non-allergic patients frequently present to doctors with severe respiratory tract infections. Our objective was therefore to assess whether pollen may interfere with antiviral immunity. METHODS We combined data from real-life human exposure cohorts, a mouse model and human cell culture to test our hypothesis. RESULTS Pollen significantly diminished interferon-λ and pro-inflammatory chemokine responses of airway epithelia to rhinovirus and viral mimics and decreased nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factors. In mice infected with respiratory syncytial virus, co-exposure to pollen caused attenuated antiviral gene expression and increased pulmonary viral titers. In non-allergic human volunteers, nasal symptoms were positively correlated with airborne birch pollen abundance, and nasal birch pollen challenge led to downregulation of type I and -III interferons in nasal mucosa. In a large patient cohort, numbers of rhinoviruspositive cases were correlated with airborne birch pollen concentrations. CONCLUSION The ability of pollen to suppress innate antiviral immunity, independent of allergy, suggests that high-risk population groups should avoid extensive outdoor activities when pollen and respiratory virus seasons coincide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Gilles
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Cornelia Blume
- Faculty of Medicine Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Maria Wimmer
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- Division of Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Laura Meulenbroek
- Division of Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Gökkaya
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Carolin Bergougnan
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Selina Eisenbart
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Nicklas Sundell
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Magnus Lindh
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars‐Magnus Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Åslög Dahl
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Adam Chaker
- ENT Department Klinikum Rechts der Isar Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Franziska Kolek
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Sabrina Wagner
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Avidan U. Neumann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) University Zurich Davos Switzerland
- Christine‐Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐Care) Davos Switzerland
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Science Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Johan Westin
- Department of Infectious Diseases/Clinical Virology University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Belinda Land
- Department of Immunology Nutricia Research Utrecht The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Donna E. Davies
- Faculty of Medicine Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit University Hospital Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Claudia Traidl‐Hoffmann
- Chair and Institute of Environmental Medicine UNIKA‐T Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Zentrum München Augsburg Germany
- Christine‐Kühne‐Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK‐Care) Davos Switzerland
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Janbazacyabar H, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Verheijden KA, Leusink-Muis T, van Helvoort A, Garssen J, Folkerts G, Braber S. Non-digestible oligosaccharides partially prevent the development of LPS-induced lung emphysema in mice. PHARMANUTRITION 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2019.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Antunes KH, Fachi JL, de Paula R, da Silva EF, Pral LP, Dos Santos AÁ, Dias GBM, Vargas JE, Puga R, Mayer FQ, Maito F, Zárate-Bladés CR, Ajami NJ, Sant'Ana MR, Candreva T, Rodrigues HG, Schmiele M, Silva Clerici MTP, Proença-Modena JL, Vieira AT, Mackay CR, Mansur D, Caballero MT, Marzec J, Li J, Wang X, Bell D, Polack FP, Kleeberger SR, Stein RT, Vinolo MAR, de Souza APD. Microbiota-derived acetate protects against respiratory syncytial virus infection through a GPR43-type 1 interferon response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3273. [PMID: 31332169 PMCID: PMC6646332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants <2 years-old. Here we describe that high-fiber diet protects mice from RSV infection. This effect was dependent on intestinal microbiota and production of acetate. Oral administration of acetate mediated interferon-β (IFN-β) response by increasing expression of interferon-stimulated genes in the lung. These effects were associated with reduction of viral load and pulmonary inflammation in RSV-infected mice. Type 1 IFN signaling via the IFN-1 receptor (IFNAR) was essential for acetate antiviral activity in pulmonary epithelial cell lines and for the acetate protective effect in RSV-infected mice. Activation of Gpr43 in pulmonary epithelial cells reduced virus-induced cytotoxicity and promoted antiviral effects through IFN-β response. The effect of acetate on RSV infection was abolished in Gpr43−/− mice. Our findings reveal antiviral effects of acetate involving IFN-β in lung epithelial cells and engagement of GPR43 and IFNAR. Dietary fibers and SCFAs can exert a protective effect against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Here, the authors report that microbiota-derived acetate protects mice against RSV infection via GPR43- mediated type 1 interferon response induction in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krist Helen Antunes
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - José Luís Fachi
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosemeire de Paula
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emanuelle Fraga da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Laís Passariello Pral
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adara Áurea Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Imunobiology, Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | - Greicy Brisa Malaquias Dias
- Laboratory of Imunobiology, Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Vargas
- Biological Science Institute (ICB), Passo Fundo University, Passo Fundo, 99052900, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Renato Puga
- Clinical Research Center, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein HIAE, São Paulo, 05652900, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation, Eldorado do Sul, 92990000, RS, Brazil
| | - Fábio Maito
- Laboratory of Pathology, Healthy Science School, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Zárate-Bladés
- Laboratory of Iimmunoregulation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, UFSC, Florianopolis, 8804900, SC, Brazil
| | - Nadim J Ajami
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marcella Ramos Sant'Ana
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, 13484350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thamiris Candreva
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, 13484350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hosana Gomes Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Nutrients and Tissue Repair, School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas, Limeira, 13484350, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio Schmiele
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM), Teófilo Otoni, 39803371, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Pedrosa Silva Clerici
- Department of Food Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP) - Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Monteiro Lobato, 80, Campinas, 13083970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Proença-Modena
- Emerging viruses study Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083970, Brazil
| | - Angélica Thomas Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270901, MG, Brazil
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Biodiscovery Research Institute, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Daniel Mansur
- Laboratory of Imunobiology, Departament of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, 88040900, Brazil
| | | | - Jacqui Marzec
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Jianying Li
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Xuting Wang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Douglas Bell
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Fernando P Polack
- Fundación INFANT, Buenos Aires, 1406, Argentina.,Vanderbilt University, EUA, Nashville, 37240, TN, USA
| | - Steven R Kleeberger
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIH, Research Triangle, Durham, 27709, NC, USA
| | - Renato T Stein
- Infant Center, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, São Lucas Hospital PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Ramirez Vinolo
- Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology - Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083007, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Duarte de Souza
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil. .,School of Heath Science, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, RS, Brazil.
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Polyphenol Effects on Splenic Cytokine Response in Post-Weaning Contactin 1-Overexpressing Transgenic Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122205. [PMID: 31212848 PMCID: PMC6631041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In mice, postnatal immune development has previously been investigated, and evidence of a delayed maturation of the adaptive immune response has been detected. Methods: In this study, the effects of red grape polyphenol oral administration on the murine immune response were explored using pregnant mice (TAG/F3 transgenic and wild type (wt) mice) as the animal model. The study was performed during pregnancy as well as during lactation until postnatal day 8. Suckling pups from polyphenol-administered dams as well as day 30 post-weaning pups (dietary-administered with polyphenols) were used. Polyphenol effects were evaluated, measuring splenic cytokine secretion. Results: Phorbol myristate acetate-activated splenocytes underwent the highest cytokine production at day 30 in both wt and TAG/F3 mice. In the latter, release of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was found to be higher than in the wt counterpart. In this context, polyphenols exerted modulating activities on day 30 TAG/F3 mice, inducing release of interleukin (IL)-10 in hetero mice while abrogating release of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-4 in homo and hetero mice. Conclusion: Polyphenols are able to prevent the development of an inflammatory/allergic profile in postnatal TAG/F3 mice.
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Xiao L, Engen PA, Leusink-Muis T, van Ark I, Stahl B, Overbeek SA, Garssen J, Naqib A, Green SJ, Keshavarzian A, Folkerts G, van't Land B. The Combination of 2'-Fucosyllactose with Short-Chain Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Long-Chain Fructo-Oligosaccharides that Enhance Influenza Vaccine Responses Is Associated with Mucosal Immune Regulation in Mice. J Nutr 2019; 149:856-869. [PMID: 31050747 PMCID: PMC6499104 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A critical role for host-microbe interactions and establishment of vaccine responses has been postulated. Human milk oligosaccharides, of which 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL) is the most prevalent, are known to alter host-associated microbial communities and play a critical role in the immunologic development of breastfed infants. OBJECTIVES Dietary supplementation with a combination of 2'FL and prebiotic short-chain (sc) galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and long-chain (lc) fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) was employed to examine human milk oligosaccharide effects on immune responsiveness, within a murine influenza vaccination model. METHODS Female mice (6 wk old, C57Bl/6JOlaHsd) were fed either control diet (CON) or scGOS/lcFOS/2'FL-containing diet (GF2F) for 45 d. After starting dietary intervention (day 14), mice received a primary influenza vaccination (day 0) followed by a booster vaccination (day 21), after which ear challenges were conducted to measure vaccine-specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels, fecal and cecal microbial community structure, short-chain fatty acids, host intestinal gene expression and cellular responses in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were also measured. RESULTS Relative to CON, mice fed the GF2F diet had increased influenza vaccine-specific DTH responses (79.3%; P < 0.01), higher levels of both IgG1 (3.2-fold; P < 0.05) and IgG2a (1.2-fold; P < 0.05) in serum, and greater percentages of activated B cells (0.3%; P < 0.05), regulatory T cells (1.64%; P < 0.05), and T-helper 1 cells (2.2%; P < 0.05) in their MLNs. GF2F-fed mice had elevated cecal butyric (P < 0.05) and propionic (P < 0.05) acid levels relative to CON, which correlated to DTH responses (R2 = 0.22; P = 0.05 and R2 = 0.39; P < 0.01, respectively). Specific fecal microbial taxa altered in GF2F diet fed mice relative to CON were significantly correlated with the DTH response and IgG2a level increases. CONCLUSIONS Dietary GF2F improved influenza vaccine-specific T-helper 1 responses and B cell activation in MLNs and enhanced systemic IgG1 and IgG2a concentrations in mice. These immunologic changes are correlated with microbial community structure and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Phillip A Engen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Thea Leusink-Muis
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van Ark
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Danone Nutricia Research, Departments of Immunology/Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia A Overbeek
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Departments of Immunology/Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Departments of Immunology/Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ankur Naqib
- Sequencing Core, Research Resources Center,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stefan J Green
- Sequencing Core, Research Resources Center,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Gert Folkerts
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Belinda van't Land
- Danone Nutricia Research, Departments of Immunology/Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shahramian I, Kalvandi G, Javaherizadeh H, Khalili M, Noori NM, Delaramnasab M, Bazi A. The effects of prebiotic supplementation on weight gain, diarrhoea, constipation, fever and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:875-880. [PMID: 29579345 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prebiotics on some common clinical ailments in healthy term infants. METHODS Sixty healthy-term, breastfed (BF) infants were included. Along with these infants, 120 healthy-term formula-fed infants were randomly assigned to either the prebiotic formula (PF, n = 60) or regular formula (RF, n = 60) groups. Ready-to-use prebiotic-supplemented formula containing galacto-oligosaccharides and polydextrose (ratio 1:1) was used. RESULTS At 2 months of age, PF infants demonstrated significantly higher weight gain than BF and RF. At 6 months of age, bodyweight was significantly higher in the RF group compared to BF and PF groups (P < 0.05). Similar results were seen at 8, 10 and 12 months of age. At 10 months of age, the duration of diarrhoea was significantly shorter in PF-fed compared to the RF (P = 0.03) group. A significant difference was found between PF and RF (P < 0.0001) and BF and RF groups (P = 0.002) for diarrhoea duration. Means of constipation episodes per year were 0.03 ± 0.18, 0.433 ± 0.77 and 0.1 ± 0.30 for the BF, RF and PF groups, respectively, with significant difference found between BF and RF (P = 0.006) and PF and RF (P = 0.02). The means of episodes of respiratory tract infections per year for BF, RF and PF groups were 1 ± 0.69, 1.6 ± 0.88 and 1 ± 0.58, respectively (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION Prebiotic-supplemented and regular formula were similar to breast milk regarding prophylactic effects for diarrhoea, constipation and respiratory tract infections in the first year of life. Prebiotic-supplemented formula may be an appropriate substitution for breast milk when breast milk in unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Shahramian
- Pediatric Digestive and Hepatic Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | | | - Hazhir Javaherizadeh
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Abuzar Children's Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Manijeh Khalili
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Noor Mohammad Noori
- Children and Adolescent Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Delaramnasab
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ali Bazi
- Pediatric Digestive and Hepatic Research Center, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran.,Clinical Research Development Unit, Amir-Al-Momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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11
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Le Doare K, Holder B, Bassett A, Pannaraj PS. Mother's Milk: A Purposeful Contribution to the Development of the Infant Microbiota and Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:361. [PMID: 29599768 PMCID: PMC5863526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 287] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is the perfect nutrition for infants, a result of millions of years of evolution. In addition to providing a source of nutrition, breast milk contains a diverse array of microbiota and myriad biologically active components that are thought to guide the infant’s developing mucosal immune system. It is believed that bacteria from the mother’s intestine may translocate to breast milk and dynamically transfer to the infant. Such interplay between mother and her infant is a key to establishing a healthy infant intestinal microbiome. These intestinal bacteria protect against many respiratory and diarrheal illnesses, but are subject to environmental stresses such as antibiotic use. Orchestrating the development of the microbiota are the human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the synthesis of which are partially determined by the maternal genotype. HMOs are thought to play a role in preventing pathogenic bacterial adhesion though multiple mechanisms, while also providing nutrition for the microbiome. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, carry a diverse cargo, including mRNA, miRNA, and cytosolic and membrane-bound proteins, and are readily detectable in human breast milk. Strongly implicated in cell–cell signaling, EVs could therefore may play a further role in the development of the infant microbiome. This review considers the emerging role of breast milk microbiota, bioactive HMOs, and EVs in the establishment of the neonatal microbiome and the consequent potential for modulation of neonatal immune system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Le Doare
- Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Vaccines & Immunity Theme, MRC Unit The Gambia, Fajara, Gambia
| | - Beth Holder
- Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aisha Bassett
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pia S Pannaraj
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Ayechu-Muruzabal V, van Stigt AH, Mank M, Willemsen LEM, Stahl B, Garssen J, Van't Land B. Diversity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Effects on Early Life Immune Development. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:239. [PMID: 30250836 PMCID: PMC6140589 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the well-known features of human milk, is the capacity to protect against the risk and impact of neonatal infections, as well as to influence the onset of allergic and metabolic disease manifestations. The major objective of this review is to provide a detailed overview regarding the role of human milk, more specifically the diversity in human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), on early life immune development. Novel insights in immune modulatory effects of HMOS obtained by in vitro as well as in vivo studies, adds to the understanding on how early life nutrition may impact immune development. Extensive description and analysis of single HMOS contributing to the diversity within the composition provided during breastfeeding will be discussed with specific emphasis on immune development and the susceptibility to neonatal and childhood infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Ayechu-Muruzabal
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arthur H van Stigt
- Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marko Mank
- Department of Immunology and Department of Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E M Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bernd Stahl
- Department of Immunology and Department of Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Department of Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Pediatric Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, The Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Immunology and Department of Human Milk Research & Analytical Science, Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
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13
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Moossavi S, Miliku K, Sepehri S, Khafipour E, Azad MB. The Prebiotic and Probiotic Properties of Human Milk: Implications for Infant Immune Development and Pediatric Asthma. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:197. [PMID: 30140664 PMCID: PMC6095009 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of pediatric asthma has increased substantially in recent decades, reaching a worldwide prevalence of 14%. This rapid increase may be attributed to the loss of "Old Friend" microbes from the human microbiota resulting in a less diverse and "dysbiotic" gut microbiota, which fails to optimally stimulate immune development during infancy. This hypothesis is supported by observations that the gut microbiota is different in infants who develop asthma later in life compared to those who remain healthy. Thus, early life exposures that influence gut microbiota play a crucial role in asthma development. Breastfeeding is one such exposure; it is generally considered protective against pediatric asthma, although conflicting results have been reported, potentially due to variations in milk composition between individuals and across populations. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and milk microbiota are two major milk components that influence the infant gut microbiota and hence, development of the immune system. Among their many immunomodulatory functions, HMOs exert a selective pressure within the infant gut microbial niche, preferentially promoting the proliferation of specific bacteria including Bifidobacteria. Milk is also a source of viable bacteria originating from the maternal gut and infant oral cavity. As such, breastmilk has prebiotic and probiotic properties that can modulate two of the main forces controlling the gut microbial community assembly, i.e., dispersal and selection. Here, we review the latest evidence, mechanisms and hypotheses for the synergistic and/or additive effects of milk microbiota and HMOs in protecting against pediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kozeta Miliku
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shadi Sepehri
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ehsan Khafipour
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9080894. [PMID: 28817095 PMCID: PMC5579687 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the protective role of breastfeeding in relation to the development of allergic sensitisation and allergic disease. Studies vary in methodology and definition of outcomes, which lead to considerable heterogeneity. Human milk composition varies both within and between individuals, which may partially explain conflicting data. It is known that human milk composition is very complex and contains variable levels of immune active molecules, oligosaccharides, metabolites, vitamins and other nutrients and microbial content. Existing evidence suggests that modulation of human breast milk composition has potential for preventing allergic diseases in early life. In this review, we discuss associations between breastfeeding/human milk composition and allergy development.
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A fermented milk concentrate and a combination of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides/pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides protect suckling rats from rotavirus gastroenteritis. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:209-217. [PMID: 28166850 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516004566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Human milk contains bioactive compounds that confer a protective role against gastrointestinal infections. In order to find supplements for an infant formula able to mimic these benefits of breast-feeding, two different concepts were tested. The products consisted of the following: (1) a Bifidobacterium breve- and Streptococcus thermophilus-fermented formula and (2) a combination of short-chain galacto-oligosaccharides/long-chain fructo-oligosaccharides with pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides. A rotavirus infection suckling rat model was used to evaluate improvements in the infectious process and in the immune response of supplemented animals. Both nutritional concepts caused amelioration of the clinical symptoms, even though this was sometimes hidden by softer stool consistency in the supplemented groups. Both products also showed certain modulation of immune response, which seemed to be enhanced earlier and was accompanied by a faster resolution of the process. The viral shedding and the in vitro blocking assay suggest that these products are able to bind the viral particles, which can result in a milder infection. In conclusion, both concepts evaluated in this study showed interesting protective properties against rotavirus infection, which deserve to be investigated further.
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16
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Ahanchian H, Jafari SA, Ansari E, Ganji T, Kiani MA, Khalesi M, Momen T, Kianifar H. A multi-strain Synbiotic may reduce viral respiratory infections in asthmatic children: a randomized controlled trial. Electron Physician 2016; 8:2833-2839. [PMID: 27790333 PMCID: PMC5074739 DOI: 10.19082/2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objective Asthma is a growing problem worldwide. Acute exacerbations impose considerable morbidity, mortality, and increased cost. Viral respiratory infections are the most common cause (80–85%) of pediatric asthma exacerbations and admissions to the hospital. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a new synbiotic Lactocare® on viral respiratory infections and asthma exacerbations in asthmatic children. Methods In this double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial, 72 children with mild persistent asthma, aged between 6 and 12 years, were randomized to receive either Lactocare®, a Synbiotic containing 1 billion CFU/Capsule of Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Streptococcus thermophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium infantis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Fructooligosacharide (Zist Takhmir, Tehran, Iran) or placebo daily for 60 days. The primary outcome was the number of viral respiratory infections, and secondary outcomes were school absence, salbutamol and prednisolone usage, outpatient visits, and hospital admission for asthma. The outcomes were compared among study groups using the SPSS 11.5 program and the Mann Whitney and Fisher exact tests. Results Of the 72 children who were enrolled with mild persistent asthma, 36 were assigned randomly to be treated with synbiotic and 36 with placebo. The number of viral respiratory infections was significantly higher in placebo group than the synbiotic group during the first month of intervention (0.74 ± 0.12 vs. 0.44 ± 0.1, p < 0.007) but not during the second month (0.5 ± 0.8 vs. 0.5 ± 0.8, p < 0.641). Considering the total duration of the study (two months), infection episodes also were significantly lower in the synbiotic group (0.92 ± 0.15 vs. 0.69 ± 0.11, p < 0.046). Salbutamol consumption was significantly lower in the synbiotic group, but there were no significant differences in school absenteeism, oral prednisolone use, outpatient visits, or hospital admissions. Conclusion This new synbiotic (a mixture of seven probiotic strains plus fructooligosacharide may reduce episodes of viral infection in asthmatic children. Trial registration This study is registered in Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with registration number of IRCT201509234976N3. Funding This research was supported financially by the Research Council of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Grant Number: 911048).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ahanchian
- MD, Children's Health and Environment Program, Queensland Children's Medical Research Center, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; MD. Allergist and Immunologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Jafari
- MD. Pediatric gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elham Ansari
- MD. Radiologist, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Toktam Ganji
- MD. Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Kiani
- MD. Pediatric gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Khalesi
- MD. Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tooba Momen
- MD. Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Research institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Kianifar
- MD. Pediatric gastroenterologist, Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Probiotics and Prebiotics for Prevention of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections. PROBIOTICS, PREBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS 2016. [PMCID: PMC7204878 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-802189-7.00042-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
This chapter introduces the importance of viral upper respiratory tract infections and evidence that probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics may reduce not only their incidence, but also their duration and severity. It starts by explaining the importance of viral respiratory infections and the common cold including their prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and cost. The mechanisms of action are discussed next. Later, it represents the clinical trials using probiotics and prebiotics for the prevention of viral infection in different age groups. At the end of the chapter, a summary of latest evidences is presented.
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Verheijden KAT, Akbari P, Willemsen LEM, Kraneveld AD, Folkerts G, Garssen J, Fink-Gremmels J, Braber S. Inflammation-induced expression of the alarmin interleukin 33 can be suppressed by galacto-oligosaccharides. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2015; 167:127-36. [PMID: 26304032 DOI: 10.1159/000437327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alarmin interleukin 33 (IL-33) and its receptor ST2 play an important role in mucosal barrier tissues, and seem to be crucial for Th2-cell mediated host defense. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), used in infant formulas, exhibit gut and immune modulatory effects. To enhance our understanding of the immunomodulatory capacity of GOS, this study investigated the impact of dietary GOS intervention on IL-33 and ST2 expression related to intestinal barrier dysfunction and asthma. METHODS B6C3F1 and BALB/c mice were fed a control diet with or without 1% GOS. To simulate intestinal barrier dysfunction, B6C3F1 mice received a gavage with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON). To mimic asthma-like inflammatory airway responses, BALB/c mice were sensitized on day 0 and challenged on days 7-11 with house-dust mite (HDM) allergen. Samples from the intestines and lungs were collected for IL-33 and ST2 analysis by qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Dietary GOS counteracted the DON-induced IL-33 mRNA expression and changed the IL-33 distribution pattern in the mouse small intestine. The IL-33 mRNA expression was positively correlated to the intestinal permeability. A strong positive correlation was also observed between IL-33 mRNA expression in the lung and the number of bronchoalveolar fluid cells. Reduced levels of IL-33 protein, altered IL-33 distribution and reduced ST2 mRNA expression were observed in the lungs of HDM-allergic mice after GOS intervention. CONCLUSIONS Dietary GOS mitigated IL-33 at the mucosal surfaces in a murine model for intestinal barrier dysfunction and HDM-induced asthma. This promising effect may open up new avenues to use GOS not only as a prebiotic in infant nutrition, but also as a functional ingredient that targets inflammatory processes and allergies associated with IL-33 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A T Verheijden
- Division of Veterinary Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Capitán-Cañadas F, Ocón B, Aranda CJ, Anzola A, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin O. Fructooligosaccharides exert intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in the CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer model of colitis in C57BL/6J mice. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1445-54. [PMID: 26154776 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) are used as functional foods due to their prebiotic effects. Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity has been established in most, but not all, studies in animal models of colitis, using mainly chemically induced inflammation. Our goal was to test the effect of FOS (degree of polymerization 2-8) in the chronic, lymphocyte-driven CD4+ CD62L+ T cell transfer model of colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced by transfer of CD4+ CD62L+ T cells to C57BL/6J Rag1(-/-) mice. FOS (75 mg day(-1)) was administered by gavage as a post-treatment. Three groups were established: non-colitic (NC), colitic control (C, CD4+ CD62L+ transferred mice treated with vehicle) and colitic+FOS (C+FOS, similar but treated with FOS). Mice were killed after 13 days. RESULTS Treatment of mice with FOS ameliorated colitis, as evidenced by an increase in body weight, a lesser myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase activities, a lower secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by mesenteric lymph node cells ex vivo (IFN-γ, IL-17, and TNF-α), and a higher colonic expression of occludin (C+FOS vs. C, p < 0.05). Increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria was observed in FOS-treated mice (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS FOS exert intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in T lymphocyte-dependent colitis, suggesting it may be useful in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in appropriate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Capitán-Cañadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Ocón
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos José Aranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Andrea Anzola
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - María Dolores Suárez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Zarzuelo
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, C.P. 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Vendrig JC, Coffeng LE, Fink-Gremmels J. Effects of orally administered galacto-oligosaccharides on immunological parameters in foals: a pilot study. BMC Vet Res 2014; 10:278. [PMID: 25407340 PMCID: PMC4241218 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-014-0278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the first phase of life, in which the immune system is primed and the bacterial colonization of epithelial surfaces takes place, foals are highly susceptible to bacterial infections. Next to strategies to optimize maternally acquired immunity in individual foals, current research explores other options to modulate immune responses in foals. During the past decades, oligosaccharide supplements were developed to mimic beneficial properties of the oligosaccharides, which are present in colostrum and milk. In human infants and laboratory animal species, dietary supplementation with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) has been shown to result in prebiotic and immunomodulating effects, with long-term beneficial consequences for both defensive and allergic immune responses. As yet, no studies are published concerning the in vivo effects of GOS in horses. The current study was designed as a pilot study to investigate the effects of an orally applied, commercially available GOS product in a group of pony foals. The treatment and the control group consisted of six and four foals, respectively. Foals were treated during the first four weeks of life and subsequently followed up for another ten weeks. Results In peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from GOS-treated foals at day 28, a standardized lipopolysaccharide challenge resulted in significantly lower relative mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ and interleukin-6 compared with PBMCs of control foals. In the 98-day period of investigation, no significant effects of the GOS supplement were observed on clinical and blood parameters for immunity and general health in these foals. Conclusions Based on these first results, we can conclude that this dose regimen of GOS was well accepted by the foals and did not result in any detectable undesirable side effects. More clinical trials are required to confirm the attenuating effects of GOS treatment on equine pro-inflammatory immune responses and to implement this into practice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-014-0278-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Bernard H, Desseyn JL, Bartke N, Kleinjans L, Stahl B, Belzer C, Knol J, Gottrand F, Husson MO. Dietary Pectin–Derived Acidic Oligosaccharides Improve the Pulmonary Bacterial Clearance ofPseudomonas aeruginosaLung Infection in Mice by Modulating Intestinal Microbiota and Immunity. J Infect Dis 2014; 211:156-65. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Abstract
Neonates have little immunological memory and a developing immune system, which increases their vulnerability to infectious agents. Recent advances in the understanding of neonatal immunity indicate that both innate and adaptive responses are dependent on precursor frequency of lymphocytes, antigenic dose and mode of exposure. Studies in neonatal mouse models and human umbilical cord blood cells demonstrate the capability of neonatal immune cells to produce immune responses similar to adults in some aspects but not others. This review focuses mainly on the developmental and functional mechanisms of the human neonatal immune system. In particular, the mechanism of innate and adaptive immunity and the role of neutrophils, antigen presenting cells, differences in subclasses of T lymphocytes (Th1, Th2, Tregs) and B cells are discussed. In addition, we have included the recent developments in the neonatal mouse immune system. Understanding neonatal immunity is essential to development of therapeutic vaccines to combat newly emerging infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Basha
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, 1425 Portland Avenue, Rochester, NY 14621, USA
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Schijf MA, Lukens MV, Kruijsen D, van Uden NOP, Garssen J, Coenjaerts FEJ, van’t Land B, van Bleek GM. Respiratory syncytial virus induced type I IFN production by pDC is regulated by RSV-infected airway epithelial cells, RSV-exposed monocytes and virus specific antibodies. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81695. [PMID: 24303065 PMCID: PMC3841124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate immune responses elicited upon virus exposure are crucial for the effective eradication of viruses, the onset of adaptive immune responses and for establishing proper immune memory. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for a high disease burden in neonates and immune compromised individuals, causing severe lower respiratory tract infections. During primary infections exuberant innate immune responses may contribute to disease severity. Furthermore, immune memory is often insufficient to protect during RSV re-exposure, which results in frequent symptomatic reinfections. Therefore, identifying the cell types and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in RSV-specific innate immune responses is necessary to understand incomplete immunity against RSV. We investigated the innate cellular response triggered upon infection of epithelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We show that CD14+ myeloid cells and epithelial cells are the major source of IL-8 and inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and TNF-α, when exposed to live RSV Three routes of RSV-induced IFN-α production can be distinguished that depend on the cross-talk of different cell types and the presence or absence of virus specific antibodies, whereby pDC are the ultimate source of IFN-α. RSV-specific antibodies facilitate direct TLR7 access into endosomal compartments, while in the absence of antibodies, infection of monocytes or epithelial cells is necessary to provide an early source of type I interferons, required to engage the IFN-α,β receptor (IFNAR)-mediated pathway of IFN-α production by pDC. However, at high pDC density infection with RSV causes IFN-α production without the need for a second party cell. Our study shows that cellular context and immune status are factors affecting innate immune responses to RSV. These issues should therefore be addressed during the process of vaccine development and other interventions for RSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A. Schijf
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Danone Research - Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael V. Lukens
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Kruijsen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nathalie O. P. van Uden
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Department of Immunology, Danone Research - Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Belinda van’t Land
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Danone Research - Centre for Specialised Nutrition, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Grada M. van Bleek
- Department of Pediatrics, The Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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25
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Meulenbroek LAPM, van Esch BCAM, Hofman GA, den Hartog Jager CF, Nauta AJ, Willemsen LEM, Bruijnzeel-Koomen CAFM, Garssen J, van Hoffen E, Knippels LMJ. Oral treatment with β-lactoglobulin peptides prevents clinical symptoms in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2013; 24:656-64. [PMID: 24028387 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior exposure to partial whey hydrolysates has been shown to reduce the allergic response to whey in mice. This effect was more pronounced in combination with a diet containing non-digestible oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS). It is unknown which fractions/epitopes are responsible for this effect. Therefore, the prophylactic ability of synthetic peptides of β-lactoglobulin with/without a scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet to reduce the allergic response in a mouse model for cow's milk allergy was investigated. METHODS Of 31 peptides, nine peptides were selected based on human T cell data. Mice were pre-treated orally with three peptide mixtures or single peptides for six consecutive days. During this period, they received a control or scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet. Subsequently, mice were orally sensitized to whey and received an intradermal and oral challenge. After sacrifice, serum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected for further analysis. RESULTS Prior exposure to peptide mixtures 1 and 3 significantly reduced the acute allergic skin response to whey. Mixture 2 showed no effect. An additive effect of the scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet was only observed for mixture 1. Of the peptides in mixture 1, one peptide (LLDAQSAPLRVYVEELKP) showed the strongest effect on the acute allergic skin response. This peptide also tended to decrease whey-specific antibody levels and to increase the percentages of CD11b+CD103+ dendritic cells and CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in the MLN. CONCLUSIONS Prior exposure to specific peptides of β-lactoglobulin reduces the allergic response to whey, which may involve regulatory dendritic and T cells. Combining peptides with a sGOS/lcFOS/pAOS-containing diet enhances this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A P M Meulenbroek
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Dermatology/Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Alterations in regulatory T cells induced by specific oligosaccharides improve vaccine responsiveness in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75148. [PMID: 24073243 PMCID: PMC3779252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccinations are generally performed to protect naïve individuals with or without suppressed immune responsiveness. In a mouse model for Influenza vaccinations the specific alterations of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) in the immune modulation induced by orally supplied oligosaccharides containing scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS was assessed. This dietary intervention increased vaccine specific DTH responses. In addition, a significant increased percentage of T-bet+ (Th1) activated CD69+CD4+ T cells (p<0.001) and reduced percentage of Gata-3+ (Th2) activated CD69+CD4+T cells (p<0.001) was detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) of mice receiving scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS compared to control mice. Although no difference in the number or percentage of Tregs (CD4+Foxp3+) could be determined after scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS intervention, the percentage of CXCR3 + /T-bet+ (Th1-Tregs) was significantly reduced (p<0.05) in mice receiving scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS as compared to mice receiving placebo diets. Moreover, although no absolute difference in suppressive capacity could be detected, an alteration in cytokine profile suggests a regulatory T cell shift towards a reducing Th1 suppression profile, supporting an improved vaccination response.
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Vendrig JC, Coffeng LE, Fink-Gremmels J. In vitro evaluation of defined oligosaccharide fractions in an equine model of inflammation. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:147. [PMID: 23875544 PMCID: PMC3735501 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with oligosaccharides has been proven to be beneficial for health in several mammalian species. Next to prebiotic effects resulting in a modulation of gut micro biota, immunomodulatory effects of oligosaccharides have been documented in vivo. Supplementation with defined oligosaccharide fractions has been shown to attenuate allergic responses and enhance defensive immune responses. Despite the accumulating evidence for immunomodulatory effects, very limited information is available regarding the direct mechanism of action of oligosaccharides. This study aims to elucidate the effects of selected oligosaccharide fractions on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammatory response in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We investigated three different products containing either galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) alone, a combination of GOS with fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), and a triple combination of GOS and FOS with acidic oligosaccharides (AOS), at different concentrations. These products have been used in an identical composition in various previously published in vivo experiments. As the selected oligosaccharide fractions were derived from natural products, the fractions contained defined amounts of mono- and disaccharides and minor amounts of endotoxin, which was taken into account in the design of the study and the analysis of data. Acquired data were analysed in a Bayesian hierarchical linear regression model, accounting for variation between horses. RESULTS Exposing cultured PBMCs to either GOS or GOS/FOS fractions resulted in a substantial dose-dependent increase of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production in LPS challenged PBMCs. In contrast, incubation with GOS/FOS/AOS resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of both TNF-α and interleukin-10 production following LPS challenge. In addition, incubation with GOS/FOS/AOS significantly increased the apparent PBMC viability, indicating a protective or mitogenic effect. Furthermore, mono- and disaccharide control fractions significantly stimulated the inflammatory response in LPS challenged PBMCs as well, though to a lesser extent than GOS and GOS/FOS fractions. CONCLUSIONS We found distinct immunomodulating effects of the investigated standardised oligosaccharide fractions, which either stimulated or suppressed the LPS induced inflammatory response in PBMCs. Both scenarios require additional investigation, to elucidate underlying modulatory mechanisms, and to translate this knowledge into the clinical application of oligosaccharide supplements in foals and other neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Cornelis Vendrig
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Pharmacotherapy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, P,O, box 80152, 3508, TD Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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28
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Chiba E, Tomosada Y, Vizoso-Pinto MG, Salva S, Takahashi T, Tsukida K, Kitazawa H, Alvarez S, Villena J. Immunobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus improves resistance of infant mice against respiratory syncytial virus infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 17:373-82. [PMID: 23838113 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previously we showed that orally administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus CRL1505 beneficially regulated the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in the lungs of poly(I:C)-challenged mice, allowing an effective inflammatory response against the TLR3/RIG-I agonist but at the same time reducing tissue damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether oral administration of the CRL1505 strain was able to improve resistance against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infant mice and to evaluate the immunological mechanisms involved in the immunobiotic effect. We demonstrated that treatment of 3-week old BALB/c mice with L. rhamnosus CRL1505 significantly reduce lung viral loads and tissue injuries after the challenge with RSV. Moreover, we showed that the protective effect achieved by the CRL1505 strain is related to its capacity to differentially modulate respiratory antiviral immune response. Our results shows that IFN-γ and IL-10 secreted in response to L. rhamnosus CRL1505 oral stimulation would modulate the pulmonary innate immune microenvironment conducting to the activation of CD103(+) and CD11b(high) dendritic cells and the generation of CD3(+)CD4(+)IFN-γ(+) Th1 cells with the consequent attenuation of the strong and damaging Th2 reactions associated with RSV challenge. Our results indicate that modulation of the common mucosal immune system by immunobiotics could favor protective immunity against respiratory viral pathogens with a high attack rate in early infancy, such as RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Chiba
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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29
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2013. [DOI: 10.1097/aci.0b013e3283619e49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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30
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Stein RT. Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Underserved Populations and the Association with Unhealthy Diets during Pregnancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187:908-9. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201303-0420ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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