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Pierotti MA, Miotti S, Torre GD, Colnaghi MI. Nature and Properties of C3Hf Natural Antitumor Cytotoxins Directed against Murine Lymphosarcoma Cells. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 62:545-55. [PMID: 1037163 DOI: 10.1177/030089167606200509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nature and some biological properties of the natural antitumor cytotoxins previously found in normal C3Hf serum, have been investigated. By immunoelectronmicroscopy study, employing rabbit hybrid antibodies with specificity for mouse Ig and ferritin, the C3Hf cytotoxins were shown to belong to immunoglobulins. By gel filtration, by inhibition experiments of the cytotoxic serum activity with monospecific anti-IgG and anti-IgM sera, and by 2-mercaptoethanol treatment of the C3Hf serum, the cytotoxic immunoglobulins were demonstrated to belong to the IgM class. They were not inactivated by heating until 60 °C and were able to activate guinea pig, rabbit, and human complement. The highest cytotoxic activity of the normal C3Hf serum was found when cells and serum were incubated at the low temperature, suggesting a low binding affinity of the cytotoxic IgM.
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Sarma PS, Rowe WP. Mouse immunoglobulin antibodies require complement for neutralization of mouse retroviruses. J Virol 1983; 45:956-60. [PMID: 6300466 PMCID: PMC256501 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.45.3.956-960.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of guinea pig complement was found to enhance the neutralizing capacity of mouse antibodies directed against the endogenous ecotropic murine leukemia viruses. The same immune sera, when tested without complement, had low or negligible neutralizing capacities, regardless of whether freshly harvested, unfrozen virus was used to preserve virus infectivity. Antibodies in high titers were found in sera from NFS congenic mice carrying the mouse leukemia virus inducing locus Akv-2. These mouse antibodies were type specific and failed to neutralize either Friend or Moloney leukemia virus. The mouse serum immunoglobulin fraction containing the complement-dependent antibodies was tentatively identified as immunoglobulin M.
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Bloom ME, Race RE, Wolfinbarger JB. Identification of a nonvirion protein of Aleutian disease virus: mink with Aleutian disease have antibody to both virion and nonvirion proteins. J Virol 1982; 43:608-16. [PMID: 6287034 PMCID: PMC256163 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.43.2.608-616.1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We studied Aleutian disease virus polypeptides in Crandall feline kidney (CRFK) cells. When CRFK cells labeled with [35S]methionine at 60 h postinfection were studied by immunoprecipitation with sera from infected mink, the major Aleutian disease virus virion polypeptides (p85 and p75) were consistently identified, as was a 71,000-dalton nonvirion protein (p71). The peptide maps of p85 and p75 were similar, but the map of p71 was different. p85, p75, and p71 were all precipitated by sera from Aleutian disease virus-infected mink, including those with signs of progressive disease, but heterologous sera raised against purified Aleutian disease virus did not precipitate the nonvirion p71. These results indicated that the nonvirion p71 was unrelated to p85 and p75 and further suggested that mink infected with Aleutian disease virus develop antibody to nonvirion, as well as structural, viral proteins.
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Montelaro RC, Fischinger PJ, Larrick SB, Dunlop NM, Ihle JN, Frank H, Schäfer W, Bolognesi DP. Further characterization of the oncornavirus inactivating factor in normal mouse serum. Virology 1979; 98:20-34. [PMID: 225862 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Arthur LO, Bauer RF, Orme LS, Fine DL. Coexistence of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) major glycoprotein and natural antibodies to MMTV in sera of mammary tumor-bearing mice. Virology 1978; 87:266-75. [PMID: 208275 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90132-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bosch V, Kurth R, Smart JE. The detection of glycoproteins immunologically related to RSV gp85 in uninfected avian cells and in sera from uninfected birds. Virology 1978; 86:226-40. [PMID: 78566 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Ihle JN, Lazar B. Natural immunity in mice to the envelope glycoprotein of endogenous ecotropic type C viruses: neutralization of virus infectivity. J Virol 1977; 21:974-80. [PMID: 191656 PMCID: PMC515636 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.21.3.974-980.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of naturally immune mouse sera to neutralize ecotropic AKR murine leukemia virus (MuLV) was examined by using unfrozen virus preparations harvested for 1 h. In this assay several mouse sera significantly and consistently neutralized MuLV infectivity. The ability of these sera to neutralize was correlated with the presence of antibodies against MuLV detectable in a radioimmune precipitation assay using radioactively labeled intact virions. This neutralization was specific, in that either N- or B-tropic viruses, but not Friend MuLV, were neutralized. In addition, neutralization could be abrogated with purified AKR MuLV gp71 at concentrations that do not interfere with virus infectivity but could not be abrogated with Rauscher MuLV gp71. Neutralizing activity could be removed by absorption with intact AKR MuLV, but not by absorption with Friend MuLV, a BALB/c xenotropic virus, or with NZB xenotropic virus. All the neutralizing activity of (B6C3)F1 mouse sera was associated with the immunoglobulin G fraction.
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Aaronson SA, Stephenson JR. Intracellular and systemic regulation of biologically distinguishable endogenous type C RNA viruses of mouse cells. CONTEMPORARY TOPICS IN IMMUNOBIOLOGY 1977; 6:107-26. [PMID: 194746 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4684-3051-6_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Leong JC, Kane JP, Oleszko O, Levy JA. Antigen-specific nonimmunoglobulin factor that neutralizes xenotropic virus is associated with mouse serum lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1977; 74:276-80. [PMID: 13366 PMCID: PMC393242 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.74.1.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A soluble nonimmunoglobulin factor that specifically neutralizes mouse xenotropic C-type virus is found in normal mouse sera. It is stable from pH 2 to neutrality and resists ether extraction, freezing, or brief heating to 100 degrees. It can be separated from immunoglobulins by ultracentrifugation at a density of 1.21 g/cm3. Neutralizing activity is only found with the serum lipoproteins in the fraction with density less than 1.21 g/cm3.
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Declève A, Lieberman M, Ihle JN, Kaplan HS. Biological and serological characterization of radiation leukemia virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1976; 73:4675-9. [PMID: 188050 PMCID: PMC431593 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.12.4675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation leukemia virus, isolated from radiation-induced lymphomas in C57BL/Ka mice and propagated in that strain, is thymotropic and leukemogenic in vivo but replicates poorly, if at all, in mouse and mink fibroblast cultures in vitro. Comparative studies indicate that this naturally occurring virus is distinct from the previously recognized classes of endogenous murine ecotropic and xenotropic C-type viruses which are capable of replication on fibroblasts (fibrotropic) but are neither thymotropic nor leukemogenic. These studies also demonstrate that a differentiation-specific restriction system governing the replication of the murine ecotropic C-type viruses operates in addition to the previously defined Fv-1 and SRV gene restriction systems.
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Longstreth JD, Ihle JN, Hanna MG. Autogenous immunity to endogenous RNA tumor virus: virion and virus-induced cell surface antigens. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1976; 276:343-57. [PMID: 68698 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb41659.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Fischinger PJ, Ihle JN, Bolognesi DP, Schäfer W. Inactivation of murine xenotropic oncornavirus by normal mouse sera is not immunoglobulin-mediated. Virology 1976; 71:346-51. [PMID: 179206 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Nowinski RC, Kaehler SL, Baron J. Genetic control of natural immunity to ecotropic mouse leukemia viruses: production of endogenous immunogen. Infect Immun 1976; 13:1091-7. [PMID: 179948 PMCID: PMC420722 DOI: 10.1128/iai.13.4.1091-1097.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice of the AKR and C57L strains naturally produced low titers of antibody against ecotropic murine leukemia viruses (MuLV). The F1 hybrid of these strains produced anti-MuLV antibody in higher titer than mice of either of the parental strains. Progeny of the genetic backcross C57L X (AKR X C57L)F1 segregated for the production of infectious ecotropic MuLV (according to the Akv-1 and Akv-2 loci) and for the production of antibody against MuLV. All mice that contained infectious MuLV produced anti-MuLV antibodies. Thus, the persistent production of high-titered MuLV in these mice did not result in immunological tolerance towards viral antigens. In contrast, mice that did not contain infectious MuLV could be separated into antibody-producing and -nonproducing classes. The absence of detectable antibody to MuLV in an individual mouse was invariably associated with a virus-free phenotype. Antibody against MuLV reacted primarily with p15 and gp70 proteins of the viral envelope. It was concluded that overt production of endogenous ecotropic MuLV served as a major immunogenic stimulus for the production of anti-MuLV antibody in these mice.
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Oldstone MB, Del Villano BC, Dixon FJ. Autologous immune responses to the major oncornavirus polypeptides in unmanipulated AKR/J mice. J Virol 1976; 18:176-81. [PMID: 176459 PMCID: PMC515536 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.18.1.176-181.1976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The autologous immune response of AKR/J mice to the structural proteins of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) was examined. Immunoglobulins from the renal glomeruli were chemically eluted, separated from antigens, recovered, and tested for immunological reactivity against MuLV structural proteins. Analyzing immune precipitates obtained after mixing radiolabeled Tween-disrupted MuLV preparations with eluates from AKR/J mice on sodium dodecyl sulfategel electrophoresis, we found evidence of antibodies to the major classes of MuLV structural components: gp70, gp45, p30, and one or more proteins in the 10,000- to 15,000-dalton class. Using rate zonal centrifugation we confirmed that the eluates from AKR/J glomeruli contained antibody(s) that bound specifically to p30. These results indicate that AKR/J mice spontaneously mount immune responses against the major oncornavirus polypeptide antigens.
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Levy JA, Ihle JN, Oleszko O, Barnes RD. Virus-specific neutralization by a soluble non-immunoglobulin factor found naturally in normal mouse sera. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:5071-5. [PMID: 174092 PMCID: PMC388877 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.5071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A low-molecular-weight substance found naturally in mouse serum neutralizes mouse xenotropic C-type virus. It has no effect on endogenous ecotropic viruses. This neutralizing factor does not belong to the known immunogloblin classes, and its activity is not associated with the antivirus immunoglobulins that can be detected by radioimmunoprecipitation. Preparations of xenotropic virus absorb out this neutralizing activity in mouse sera. The specificity of this factor for X-tropic virus suggests that it represents a newly recognized type of response of the host to an endogenous virus. Its possible role in the regulation of endogenous C-type viruses is considered.
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Rohrschneider L, Bauer H, Bolognesi DP. Group-specific antigenic determinants of the large envelope glycoprotein of avian oncornaviruses. Virology 1975; 67:234-41. [PMID: 51537 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Parks WP, Noon MC, Gilden R, Scolnick EM. Serological studies with low-molecular-weight polypeptides from the Moloney strain of murine leukemia virus. J Virol 1975; 15:1385-95. [PMID: 49441 PMCID: PMC354606 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.15.6.1385-1395.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major virion low-molecular-weight polypeptides were isolated from the Moloney strain of murine leukemia virus (type C) by agarose chromatography in 6M guanidine hydrochloride and were shown to have molecular weights of 15,000 (p15), 12,000 (p12), and 10,000 (p10) by their elution volumes and by their relative mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Each polypeptide could be iodinated and employed in double antibody radioimmunoassay procedures. All three polypeptides demonstrated a high degree of type-specificity in serologic immunoprecipitation analysis and in corresponding competition immunoassays. The p15 was immunologically distinct from other viron polypeptides including p12 and p10; the p12 and p10 were highly related to each other but not to other virion polypeptides and were even more type-specific than the p15 in serologic tests. Competition immunoassays with p15 and p10 indicate that the Moloney strain of MuLV is only a distant relative of the Friend-Rauscher group. The combined use of the Kirsten and Moloney low-molecular-weight polypeptide immunoassays suggest that xenotropic viruses constitute yet another group(s) of murine leukemia virus with distinct type-specific antigens, further expanding an already heterogeneous group of mouse type C viruses.
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Ihle JN, Hanna MG, Schafer W, Hunsmann G, Bolognesi DP, HUPER G. Polypeptides of mammalian oncornaviruses. III. Localization of p 15 and reactivity with natural antibody. Virology 1975; 63:60-7. [PMID: 46126 DOI: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90370-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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