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Wu Y, Liang X, Sun Y, Ning J, Dai Y, Jin S, Xu Y, Chen S, Pan L. A general pHLA-CD80 scaffold fusion protein to promote efficient antigen-specific T cell-based immunotherapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200827. [PMID: 39027379 PMCID: PMC11255371 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Inadequate antigen-specific T cells activation hampers immunotherapy due to complex antigen presentation. In addition, therapeutic in vivo T cell expansion is constrained by slow expansion rates and limited functionality. Herein, we introduce a model fusion protein termed antigen-presenting cell-mimic fusion protein (APC-mimic), designed to greatly mimicking the natural antigen presentation pattern of antigen-presenting cells and directly expand T cells both in vitro and in vivo. The APC-mimic comprises the cognate peptide-human leukocyte antigen (pHLA) complex and the co-stimulatory marker CD80, which are natural ligands on APCs. Following a single stimulation, APC-mimic leads to an approximately 400-fold increase in the polyclonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells compared with the untreated group in vitro without the requirement for specialized antigen-presenting cells. Through the combination of single-cell TCR sequencing (scTCR-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we identify an approximately 600-fold monoclonal expansion clonotype among these polyclonal clonotypes. It also exhibits suitability for in vivo applications confirmed in the OT-1 mouse model. Furthermore, T cells expanded by APC-mimic effectively inhibits tumor growth in adoptive cell transfer (ACT) murine models. These findings pave the way for the versatile APC-mimic platform for personalized therapeutics, enabling direct expansion of polyfunctional antigen-specific T cell subsets in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanping Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiangtao Ning
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yukun Dai
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shijie Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuqing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Precision Medicine on Tumor Therapeutics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Liqiang Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Casadevall A, McConnell S, Focosi D. Considerations for the development of monoclonal antibodies to address new viral variants in COVID-19. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39088242 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2024.2388186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies proved safe and effective in preventing progression of COVID-19 to hospitalization, but most were eventually defeated by continued viral evolution. mAb combinations and those mAbs that were deliberatively selected to target conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein proved more resilient to viral escape variants as evident by longer clinical useful lives. AREAS COVERED We searched PubMed for literature covering the need, development, and use of mAb therapies for COVID-19. As much of humanity now has immunity to SARS-CoV-2, the population at most risk is that of immunocompromised individuals. Hence, there continues to be a need for mAb therapies for immunocompromised patients. However, mAb use in this population carries the risk for selecting mAb-resistant variants, which could pose a public health concern if they disseminate to the general population. EXPERT OPINION Going forward, structural knowledge of the interactions of Spike with its cellular receptor has identified several regions that may be good targets for future mAb therapeutics. A focus on designing variant-resistant mAbs together with cocktails that target several epitopes and the use of other variant mitigating strategies such as the concomitant use of small molecule antivirals and polyclonal preparations could extend the clinical usefulness of future preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott McConnell
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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3
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Wuensche TE, Stergiou N, Mes I, Verlaan M, Kooijman EJM, Windhorst AD, Jensen A, Asuni AA, Bang-Andersen B, van Dongen GAMS, Vugts DJ, Beaino W. Investigation of the Impact of the H310A FcRn Region Mutation on 89Zr-Immuno-PET Brain Imaging with a BBB-Shuttle Anti‑Amyloid Beta Antibody. Mol Imaging Biol 2024:10.1007/s11307-024-01931-z. [PMID: 39093482 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-024-01931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the emerging field of antibody treatments for neurodegenerative diseases, reliable tools are needed to evaluate new therapeutics, diagnose and select patients, monitor disease progression, and assess therapy response. Immuno-PET combines the high affinity and exceptional specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the non-invasive imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET). Its application in neurodegenerative disease brain imaging has been limited due to the marginal uptake across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The emergence of BBB-shuttle antibodies with enhanced uptake across the BBB extended immuno-PET to brain imaging. We recently reported about specific brain uptake of a bispecific aducanumab mTfR antibody in APP/PS1 TG mice using 89Zr-immuno-PET. However, a sufficient target-to-background ratio was reached at a relatively late scanning time point of 7 days post-injection. To investigate if a better target-to-background ratio could be achieved earlier, an aducanumab BBB-shuttle with a mutated Fc region for reduced FcRn affinity was evaluated. PROCEDURES AduH310A-8D3 and Adu-8D3 were modified with DFO*-NCS and subsequently radiolabeled with 89Zr. The potential influence of the H310A mutation, modification with DFO*-NCS, and subsequent radiolabeling on the in vitro binding to amyloid-beta and mTfR1 was investigated via amyloid-beta peptide ELISA and FACS analysis using mTfR1 transfected CHO-S cells. Blood kinetics, brain uptake, in vivo PET imaging and target engagement of radiolabeled AduH310A-8D3 were evaluated and compared to non-mutated Adu-8D3 in APP/PS1 TG mice and wild-type animals as controls. RESULTS Radiolabeling was performed with sufficient radiochemical yields and radiochemical purity. In vitro binding to amyloid-beta and mTfR1 showed no impairment. [89Zr]Zr-AduH310A-8D3 showed faster blood clearance and earlier differentiation of amyloid-beta-related brain uptake compared to [89Zr]Zr-Adu-8D3. However, only half of the brain uptake was observed for [89Zr]Zr-AduH310A-8D3. CONCLUSIONS Although a faster blood clearance of AduH310A-8D3 was observed, it was concluded that no beneficial effects for 89Zr-immuno-PET imaging of brain uptake were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wuensche
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Natascha Stergiou
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris Mes
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Verlaan
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther J M Kooijman
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Allan Jensen
- H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wissam Beaino
- Department Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Brain Imaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Jiang L, Lunding LP, Webber WS, Beckmann K, Azam T, Falkesgaard Højen J, Amo-Aparicio J, Dinarello A, Nguyen TT, Pessara U, Parera D, Orlicky DJ, Fischer S, Wegmann M, Dinarello CA, Li S. An antibody to IL-1 receptor 7 protects mice from LPS-induced tissue and systemic inflammation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1427100. [PMID: 38983847 PMCID: PMC11231367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1427100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine belonging to the IL-1 Family, is a key mediator ofautoinflammatory diseases associated with the development of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS).High levels of IL-18 correlate with MAS and COVID-19 severity and mortality, particularly in COVID-19patients with MAS. As an inflammation inducer, IL-18 binds its receptor IL-1 Receptor 5 (IL-1R5), leadingto the recruitment of the co-receptor, IL-1 Receptor 7 (IL-1R7). This heterotrimeric complex subsequentlyinitiates downstream signaling, resulting in local and systemic inflammation. Methods We reported earlier the development of a novel humanized monoclonal anti-human IL-1R7 antibody whichspecifically blocks the activity of human IL-18 and its inflammatory signaling in human cell and wholeblood cultures. In the current study, we further explored the strategy of blocking IL-1R7 inhyperinflammation in vivo using animal models. Results We first identified an anti-mouse IL-1R7 antibody that significantly suppressed mouse IL-18 andlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IFNg production in mouse splenocyte and peritoneal cell cultures. Whenapplied in vivo, the antibody reduced Propionibacterium acnes and LPS-induced liver injury and protectedmice from tissue and systemic hyperinflammation. Importantly, anti-IL-1R7 significantly inhibited plasma,liver cell and spleen cell IFNg production. Also, anti-IL-1R7 downregulated plasma TNFa, IL-6, IL-1b,MIP-2 production and the production of the liver enzyme ALT. In parallel, anti-IL-1R7 suppressed LPSinducedinflammatory cell infiltration in lungs and inhibited the subsequent IFNg production andinflammation in mice when assessed using an acute lung injury model. Discussion Altogether, our data suggest that blocking IL-1R7 represents a potential therapeutic strategy to specificallymodulate IL-18-mediated hyperinflammation, warranting further investigation of its clinical application intreating IL-18-mediated diseases, including MAS and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Jiang
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lars P Lunding
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - William S Webber
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | - Tania Azam
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Jesper Falkesgaard Højen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesus Amo-Aparicio
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alberto Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tom T Nguyen
- Mucosal Inflammation Program and Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ulrich Pessara
- MAB Discovery GmbH, Polling, Germany
- IcanoMAB GmbH, Polling, Germany
| | - Daniel Parera
- MAB Discovery GmbH, Polling, Germany
- IcanoMAB GmbH, Polling, Germany
| | - David J Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Stephan Fischer
- MAB Discovery GmbH, Polling, Germany
- IcanoMAB GmbH, Polling, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Lung Immunology, Priority Area of Chronic Lung Diseases, Research Center Borstel-Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
- Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Suzhao Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
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Peltret M, Vetsch P, Farvaque E, Mette R, Tsachaki M, Duarte L, Duret A, Vaxelaire E, Frank J, Moritz B, Aillerie C, Giovannini R, Bertschinger M. Development of a 10 g/L process for a difficult-to-express multispecific antibody format using a holistic process development approach. J Biotechnol 2024; 389:30-42. [PMID: 38685416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ichnos has developed a multi-specific antibody platform based on the BEAT® (Bispecific engagement by antibodies based on the T-cell receptor) interface. The increased complexity of the bi- and multi-specific formats generated with this platform makes these molecules difficult-to-express proteins compared to standard monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). This report describes how expression limitations of a bi-specific bi-paratopic BEAT antibody were improved in a holistic approach. An initial investigation allowed identification of a misbalance in the subunits composing the BEAT antibody as the potential root cause. This misbalance was then addressed by a signal peptide optimization, and the overall expression level was increased by the combination of two vector design elements on a single gene vector. Further improvements were made in the selection of cell populations and an upstream (USP) platform process was applied in combination with a cell culture temperature shift. This allowed titer levels of up to 6 g/L to be reached with these difficult-to-express proteins. Furthermore, a high-density seeding process was developed that allowed titers of around 11 g/L for the BEAT antibody, increasing the initial titer by a factor of 10. The approach was successfully applied to a tri-specific antibody with titer levels reaching 10 g/L. In summary, a platform process for difficult-to-express proteins was developed using molecular biology tools, cell line development, upstream process optimization and process intensification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mégane Peltret
- Drug Substance Development, Ichnos Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Vetsch
- Drug Substance Development, Ichnos Sciences, Switzerland
| | | | - Romain Mette
- Drug Substance Development, Ichnos Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Maria Tsachaki
- Drug Substance Development, Ichnos Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Duarte
- Drug Substance Development, Ichnos Sciences, Switzerland
| | - Anaïs Duret
- Drug Substance Development, Ichnos Sciences, Switzerland
| | | | - Jana Frank
- Drug Substance Development, Ichnos Sciences, Switzerland
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Piovesan D, de Groot AE, Cho S, Anderson AE, Ray RD, Patnaik A, Foster PG, Mitchell CG, Lopez Espinoza AY, Zhu WS, Stagnaro CE, Singh H, Zhao X, Seitz L, Walker NP, Walters MJ, Sivick KE. Fc-Silent Anti-TIGIT Antibodies Potentiate Antitumor Immunity without Depleting Regulatory T Cells. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1978-1995. [PMID: 38635895 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
T-cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor on immune cells that outcompetes an activating receptor, CD226, for shared ligands. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes express TIGIT and CD226 on regulatory T cells (Treg) and on CD8+ T cells with tumor-reactive or exhausted phenotypes, supporting the potential of therapeutically targeting TIGIT to enhance antitumor immunity. To optimize the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies against TIGIT, it is necessary to understand IgG Fc (Fcγ) receptor binding for therapeutic benefit. In this study, we showed that combining Fc-enabled (Fce) or Fc-silent (Fcs) anti-TIGIT with antiprogrammed cell death protein 1 in mice resulted in enhanced control of tumors by differential mechanisms: Fce anti-TIGIT promoted the depletion of intratumoral Treg, whereas Fcs anti-TIGIT did not. Despite leaving Treg numbers intact, Fcs anti-TIGIT potentiated the activation of tumor-specific exhausted CD8+ populations in a lymph node-dependent manner. Fce anti-TIGIT induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human Treg in vitro, and significant decreases in Treg were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with phase I solid tumor cancer treated with Fce anti-TIGIT. In contrast, Fcs anti-TIGIT did not deplete human Treg in vitro and was associated with anecdotal objective clinical responses in two patients with phase I solid tumor cancer whose peripheral Treg frequencies remained stable on treatment. Collectively, these data provide evidence for pharmacologic activity and antitumor efficacy of anti-TIGIT antibodies lacking the ability to engage Fcγ receptor. SIGNIFICANCE Fcs-silent anti-TIGIT antibodies enhance the activation of tumor-specific pre-exhausted T cells and promote antitumor efficacy without depleting T regulatory cells.
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7
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Marchitto L, Richard J, Prévost J, Tauzin A, Yang D, Chiu T, Chen HC, Díaz-Salinas MA, Nayrac M, Benlarbi M, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Anand SP, Dionne K, Bélanger É, Chatterjee D, Medjahed H, Bourassa C, Tolbert WD, Hahn BH, Munro JB, Pazgier M, Smith AB, Finzi A. The combination of three CD4-induced antibodies targeting highly conserved Env regions with a small CD4-mimetic achieves potent ADCC activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597978. [PMID: 38895270 PMCID: PMC11185797 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The majority of naturally-elicited antibodies against the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env) are non-neutralizing (nnAbs), because they are unable to recognize the Env timer in its native "closed" conformation. Nevertheless, it has been shown that nnAbs have the potential to eliminate HIV-1-infected cells by Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) provided that Env is present on the cell surface in its "open" conformation. This is because most nnAbs recognize epitopes that become accessible only after Env interaction with CD4 and the exposure of epitopes that are normally occluded in the closed trimer. HIV-1 limits this vulnerability by downregulating CD4 from the surface of infected cells, thus preventing a premature encounter of Env with CD4. Small CD4-mimetics (CD4mc) sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to ADCC by opening the Env glycoprotein and exposing CD4-induced (CD4i) epitopes. There are two families of CD4i nnAbs, termed anti-cluster A and anti-CoRBS Abs, which are known to mediate ADCC in the presence of CD4mc. Here, we performed Fab competition experiments and found that anti-gp41 cluster I antibodies comprise a major fraction of the plasma ADCC activity in people living with HIV (PLWH). Moreover, addition of gp41 cluster I antibodies to cluster A and CoRBS antibodies greatly enhanced ADCC mediated cell killing in the presence of a potent indoline CD4mc, CJF-III-288. This cocktail outperformed broadly-neutralizing antibodies and even showed activity against HIV-1 infected monocyte-derived macrophages. Thus, combining CD4i antibodies with different specificities achieves maximal ADCC activity, which may be of utility in HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorie Marchitto
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Derek Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - TaJung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Marco A. Díaz-Salinas
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Manon Nayrac
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Katrina Dionne
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Étienne Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Debashree Chatterjee
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | - William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beatrice H. Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James B. Munro
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amos B. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323, USA
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
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O'Connell RP, Liaw K, Wellhausen N, Chuckran CA, Bhojnagarwala PS, Bordoloi D, Park D, Shupin N, Kulp D, June CH, Weiner D. Format-tuning of in vivo-launched bispecific T cell engager enhances efficacy against renal cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008733. [PMID: 38834201 PMCID: PMC11163651 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a prevalent kidney cancer for which long-term survival rates are abysmal, though immunotherapies are showing potential. Not yet clinically vetted are bispecific T cell engagers (BTEs) that activate T cell-mediated cancer killing through intercellular synapsing. Multiple BTE formats exist, however, with limited cross-characterizations to help optimize new drug design. Here, we developed BTEs to treat ccRCC by targeting carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) while characterizing the persistent BTE (PBTE) format and comparing it to a new format, the persistent multivalent T cell engager (PMTE). These antibody therapies against ccRCC are developed as both recombinant and synthetic DNA (synDNA) medicines. METHODS Antibody formatting effects on binding kinetics were assessed by flow cytometry and intercellular synaptic strength assays while potency was tested using T-cell activation and cytotoxicity assays. Mouse models were used to study antibody plasma and tumor pharmacokinetics, as well as antitumor efficacy as both recombinant and synDNA medicines. Specifically, three models using ccRCC cell line xenografts and human donor T cells in immunodeficient mice were used to support this study. RESULTS Compared with a first-generation BTE, we show that the PBTE reduced avidity, intercellular synaptic strength, cytotoxic potency by as much as 33-fold, and ultimately efficacy against ccRCC tumors in vivo. However, compared with the PBTE, we demonstrate that the PMTE improved cell avidity, restored intercellular synapses, augmented cytotoxic potency by 40-fold, improved tumor distribution pharmacokinetics by 2-fold, and recovered synDNA efficacy in mouse tumor models by 20-fold. All the while, the PMTE displayed a desirable half-life of 4 days in mice compared with the conventional BTE's 2 hours. CONCLUSIONS With impressive efficacy, the CA9-targeted PMTE is a promising new therapy for advanced ccRCC, which can be effectively delivered through synDNA. The highly potent PMTE format itself is a promising new tool for future applications in the multispecific antibody space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P O'Connell
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin Liaw
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nils Wellhausen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Devivasha Bordoloi
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Park
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicholas Shupin
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel Kulp
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Weiner
- Vaccine & Immunotherapy Center, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Tang XX, Shimada H, Ikegaki N. A Perspective on the CD47-SIRPA Axis in High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:3212-3226. [PMID: 38920727 PMCID: PMC11202629 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31060243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer with significant clinical heterogeneity. Despite extensive efforts, it is still difficult to cure children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy is a promising approach to treat children with this devastating disease. We have previously reported that macrophages are important effector cells in high-risk neuroblastoma. In this perspective article, we discuss the potential function of the macrophage inhibitory receptor SIRPA in the homeostasis of tumor-associated macrophages in high-risk neuroblastoma. The ligand of SIRPA is CD47, known as a "don't eat me" signal, which is highly expressed on cancer cells compared to normal cells. CD47 is expressed on both tumor and stroma cells, whereas SIRPA expression is restricted to macrophages in high-risk neuroblastoma tissues. Notably, high SIRPA expression is associated with better disease outcome. According to the current paradigm, the interaction between CD47 on tumor cells and SIRPA on macrophages leads to the inhibition of tumor phagocytosis. However, data from recent clinical trials have called into question the use of anti-CD47 antibodies for the treatment of adult and pediatric cancers. The restricted expression of SIRPA on macrophages in many tissues argues for targeting SIRPA on macrophages rather than CD47 in CD47/SIRPA blockade therapy. Based on the data available to date, we propose that disruption of the CD47-SIRPA interaction by anti-CD47 antibody would shift the macrophage polarization status from M1 to M2, which is inferred from the 1998 study by Timms et al. In contrast, the anti-SIRPA F(ab')2 lacking Fc binds to SIRPA on the macrophage, mimics the CD47-SIRPA interaction, and thus maintains M1 polarization. Anti-SIRPA F(ab')2 also prevents the binding of CD47 to SIRPA, thereby blocking the "don't eat me" signal. The addition of tumor-opsonizing and macrophage-activating antibodies is expected to enhance active tumor phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xao X. Tang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Naohiko Ikegaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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10
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Beckmann K, Reitinger C, Yan X, Carle A, Blümle E, Jurkschat N, Paulmann C, Prassl S, Kazandjian LV, Loré K, Nimmerjahn F, Fischer S. Fcγ-Receptor-Independent Controlled Activation of CD40 Canonical Signaling by Novel Therapeutic Antibodies for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2024; 13:31. [PMID: 38651411 PMCID: PMC11036229 DOI: 10.3390/antib13020031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The activation of CD40-mediated signaling in antigen-presenting cells is a promising therapeutic strategy to promote immune responses against tumors. Most agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies currently in development require the Fcγ-receptor (FcγR)-mediated crosslinking of CD40 molecules for a meaningful activation of CD40 signaling but have limitations due to dose-limiting toxicities. Here we describe the identification of CD40 antibodies which strongly stimulate antigen-presenting cells in an entirely FcγR-independent manner. These Fc-silenced anti-CD40 antibodies induce an efficient upregulation of costimulatory receptors and cytokine release by dendritic cells. Finally, the most active identified anti-CD40 antibody shows activity in humanized mice. More importantly, there are no signs of obvious toxicities. These studies thus demonstrate the potent activation of antigen-presenting cells with anti-CD40 antibodies lacking FcγR-binding activity and open the possibility for an efficacious and safe combination therapy for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Reitinger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xianglei Yan
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, BioClinicum J7:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Molecular Medicine, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Carle
- Biontech SE, Forstenrieder Str. 8-14, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | - Eva Blümle
- Biontech SE, Forstenrieder Str. 8-14, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | | | | | - Sandra Prassl
- Biontech SE, Forstenrieder Str. 8-14, 82061 Neuried, Germany
| | | | - Karin Loré
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Visionsgatan 4, BioClinicum J7:30, 171 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center of Molecular Medicine, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- FAU Profile Centre Immunomedicine, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Kosik I, Da Silva Santos J, Angel M, Hu Z, Holly J, Gibbs JS, Gill T, Kosikova M, Li T, Bakhache W, Dolan PT, Xie H, Andrews SF, Gillespie RA, Kanekiyo M, McDermott AB, Pierson TC, Yewdell JW. C1q enables influenza hemagglutinin stem binding antibodies to block viral attachment and broadens the antibody escape repertoire. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadj9534. [PMID: 38517951 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj9534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Antigenic drift, the gradual accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) receptor protein, enables viral immune evasion. Antibodies (Abs) specific for the drift-resistant HA stem region are a promising universal influenza vaccine target. Although anti-stem Abs are not believed to block viral attachment, here we show that complement component 1q (C1q), a 460-kilodalton protein with six Ab Fc-binding domains, confers attachment inhibition to anti-stem Abs and enhances their fusion and neuraminidase inhibition. As a result, virus neutralization activity in vitro is boosted up to 30-fold, and in vivo protection from influenza PR8 infection in mice is enhanced. These effects reflect increased steric hindrance and not increased Ab avidity. C1q greatly expands the anti-stem Ab viral escape repertoire to include residues throughout the HA, some of which cause antigenic alterations in the globular region or modulate HA receptor avidity. We also show that C1q enhances the neutralization activity of non-receptor binding domain anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike Abs, an effect dependent on spike density on the virion surface. These findings demonstrate that C1q can greatly expand Ab function and thereby contribute to viral evolution and immune escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kosik
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jefferson Da Silva Santos
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mathew Angel
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Zhe Hu
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaroslav Holly
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James S Gibbs
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanner Gill
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Martina Kosikova
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tiansheng Li
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William Bakhache
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick T Dolan
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Respiratory Viral Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sarah F Andrews
- Vaccine Immunology Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Gillespie
- Molecular Immunoengineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masaru Kanekiyo
- Molecular Immunoengineering Section, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Immunology Program, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Theodore C Pierson
- Viral Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Kelkar NS, Goldberg BS, Dufloo J, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Hessell AJ, Ackerman ME. Sex- and species-associated differences in complement-mediated immunity in humans and rhesus macaques. mBio 2024; 15:e0028224. [PMID: 38385704 PMCID: PMC10936177 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00282-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The complement system can be viewed as a "moderator" of innate immunity, "instructor" of humoral immunity, and "regulator" of adaptive immunity. While sex is known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, its impact on complement in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, has not been well studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 72 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test for use with macaque samples, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between humans and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans and balance between classical and alternative activation pathways. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sex-associated differences. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans, identifying differences absent from rhesus macaques.IMPORTANCEThe complement system is a critical part of host defense to many bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. In parallel, rich epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical research evidence demonstrates that sex is an important biological variable in immunity, and many sex-specific differences in immune system are intimately tied with disease outcomes. This study focuses on the intersection of these two factors to define the impact of sex on complement pathway components and activities. This work expands our knowledge of sex-associated differences in the complement system in humans and also identifies the differences that appear to be absent in rhesus macaques, a popular non-human primate model. Whereas differences between species suggest potential limitations in the ability of macaque model to recapitulate human biology, knowledge of sex-based differences in humans has the potential to inform clinical research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S. Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | | | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, Créteil, France
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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13
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Damelang T, Brinkhaus M, van Osch TLJ, Schuurman J, Labrijn AF, Rispens T, Vidarsson G. Impact of structural modifications of IgG antibodies on effector functions. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1304365. [PMID: 38259472 PMCID: PMC10800522 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1304365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are a critical component of the adaptive immune system, binding to and neutralizing pathogens and other foreign substances. Recent advances in molecular antibody biology and structural protein engineering enabled the modification of IgG antibodies to enhance their therapeutic potential. This review summarizes recent progress in both natural and engineered structural modifications of IgG antibodies, including allotypic variation, glycosylation, Fc engineering, and Fc gamma receptor binding optimization. We discuss the functional consequences of these modifications to highlight their potential for therapeutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Brinkhaus
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thijs L. J. van Osch
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Janine Schuurman
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aran F. Labrijn
- Department of Antibody Research & Technologies’, Genmab, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Sanquin Research, Department of Immunopathology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, Department of Experimental Immunohematology and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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14
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van der Velden S, van Osch TLJ, Seghier A, Bentlage AEH, Mok JY, Geerdes DM, van Esch WJE, Pouw RB, Brouwer MC, Jongerius I, de Haas M, Porcelijn L, van der Schoot CE, Vidarsson G, Kapur R. Complement activation drives antibody-mediated transfusion-related acute lung injury via macrophage trafficking and formation of NETs. Blood 2024; 143:79-91. [PMID: 37801721 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the leading causes of transfusion-related fatalities and, to date, is without available therapies. Here, we investigated the role of the complement system in TRALI. Murine anti-major histocompatibility complex class I antibodies were used in TRALI mouse models, in combination with analyses of plasma samples from patients with TRALI. We found that in vitro complement activation was related to in vivo antibody-mediated TRALI induction, which was correlated with increased macrophage trafficking from the lungs to the blood in a fragment crystallizable region (Fc)-dependent manner and that this was dependent on C5. Human immunoglobulin G 1 variants of the murine TRALI-inducing antibody 34-1-2S, either unable to activate complement and/or bind to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), revealed an essential role for the complement system, but not for FcγRs, in the onset of 34-1-2S-mediated TRALI in mice. In addition, we found high levels of complement activation in the plasma of patients with TRALI (n = 53), which correlated with elevated neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) markers. In vitro we found that NETs could be formed in a murine, 2-hit model, mimicking TRALI with lipopolysaccharide and C5a stimulation. Collectively, this reveals a critical role of Fc-mediated complement activation in TRALI, with a direct relation to macrophage trafficking from the lungs to the blood and an association with NET formation, suggesting that targeting the complement system may be an attractive therapeutic approach for combating TRALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia van der Velden
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs L J van Osch
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amina Seghier
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arthur E H Bentlage
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juk Yee Mok
- Sanquin Reagents, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Richard B Pouw
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke C Brouwer
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse Jongerius
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert Porcelijn
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Kapur
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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15
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Schwedler JL, Stefan MA, Thatcher CE, McIlroy PR, Sinha A, Phillips AM, Sumner CA, Courtney CM, Kim CY, Weilhammer DR, Harmon B. Therapeutic efficacy of a potent anti-Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus antibody is contingent on Fc effector function. MAbs 2024; 16:2297451. [PMID: 38170638 PMCID: PMC10766394 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2297451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of specific, safe, and potent monoclonal antibodies (Abs) has led to novel therapeutic options for infectious disease. In addition to preventing viral infection through neutralization, Abs can clear infected cells and induce immunomodulatory functions through engagement of their crystallizable fragment (Fc) with complement proteins and Fc receptors on immune cells. Little is known about the role of Fc effector functions of neutralizing Abs in the context of encephalitic alphavirus infection. To determine the role of Fc effector function in therapeutic efficacy against Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), we compared the potently neutralizing anti-VEEV human IgG F5 (hF5) Ab with intact Fc function (hF5-WT) or containing the loss of function Fc mutations L234A and L235A (hF5-LALA) in the context of VEEV infection. We observed significantly reduced binding to complement and Fc receptors, as well as differential in vitro kinetics of Fc-mediated cytotoxicity for hF5-LALA compared to hF5-WT. The in vivo efficacy of hF5-LALA was comparable to hF5-WT at -24 and + 24 h post infection, with both Abs providing high levels of protection. However, when hF5-WT and hF5-LALA were administered + 48 h post infection, there was a significant decrease in the therapeutic efficacy of hF5-LALA. Together these results demonstrate that optimal therapeutic Ab treatment of VEEV, and possibly other encephalitic alphaviruses, requires neutralization paired with engagement of immune effectors via the Fc region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Schwedler
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell A. Stefan
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Christine E. Thatcher
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Peter R. McIlroy
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Anupama Sinha
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Ashlee M. Phillips
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Sumner
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Colleen M. Courtney
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Christina Y. Kim
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Dina R. Weilhammer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Harmon
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA
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16
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Keri D, Walker M, Singh I, Nishikawa K, Garces F. Next generation of multispecific antibody engineering. Antib Ther 2024; 7:37-52. [PMID: 38235376 PMCID: PMC10791046 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Multispecific antibodies recognize two or more epitopes located on the same or distinct targets. This added capability through protein design allows these man-made molecules to address unmet medical needs that are no longer possible with single targeting such as with monoclonal antibodies or cytokines alone. However, the approach to the development of these multispecific molecules has been met with numerous road bumps, which suggests that a new workflow for multispecific molecules is required. The investigation of the molecular basis that mediates the successful assembly of the building blocks into non-native quaternary structures will lead to the writing of a playbook for multispecifics. This is a must do if we are to design workflows that we can control and in turn predict success. Here, we reflect on the current state-of-the-art of therapeutic biologics and look at the building blocks, in terms of proteins, and tools that can be used to build the foundations of such a next-generation workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keri
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Matt Walker
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Isha Singh
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Kyle Nishikawa
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Fernando Garces
- Department of Protein Therapeutics, Research, Gilead Research, 324 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA 94404, USA
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17
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Liao B, Tumanut C, Li L, Corper A, Challa D, Chang A, Begum H, Farokhi E, Woods C, Fan X. Identification of novel anti-CD16a antibody clones for the development of effective natural killer cell engagers. MAbs 2024; 16:2381261. [PMID: 39048914 PMCID: PMC11271076 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2381261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are key players in human innate immunity. Cell engager antibody formats that recruit and activate NK cells more effectively have emerged as a promising immunotherapy approach to target cancer cells through more effective antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Monoclonal antibody drugs with ADCC activity have shown clinical benefit and improved outcomes for patients with certain types of cancer. CD16a, a Fc gamma III receptor, is the major component that is responsible for the ADCC activity of NK cells. Screening AvantGen's yeast displayed human antibody libraries led to the isolation of 2 antibody clones, #1A2 and #2-2A2, that selectively recognize both isoforms (F and V) of CD16a on primary NK cells with high affinity, yet minimally (#1A2) or do not (#2-2A2) cross-react with both allelotypes of CD16b (NA1 and NA2) expressed by neutrophils. Epitope mapping studies revealed that they bind to an epitope dependent on residue Y158 of CD16a, since mutation of Y158 to the corresponding CD16b residue H158 completely abolishes binding to CD16a. When formatted as bispecific antibodies targeting CD16a and a tumor-associated antigen (TAA, e.g. CD19), they exhibit specific binding to NK cells and induce potent NK cell activation upon encountering tumor cells, resulting in effective tumor cell killing. Notably, these bispecific antibody engagers stimulate NK cell cytokine release during co-culture with target cells, resulting in target cell cytotoxicity. These anti-CD16a antibody clones are promising candidates for combination with any TAA of interest, offering the potential for novel NK cell engager-based cancer therapeutics that are minimally affected by the high concentrations of human IgG in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Li
- AvantGen, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA
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18
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Liu Y, Zhou YQ, Nie L, Zhu SS, Li N, Wu ZH, Wang Q, Qi J, Wu BY, Chen SQ, Wang HB. BR109, a Novel Fully Humanized T-Cell-Engaging Bispecific Antibody with GPRC5D Binding, Has Potent Antitumor Activities in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5774. [PMID: 38136320 PMCID: PMC10741763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, multiple myeloma (MM) is still an essentially incurable hematologic malignancy. Although BCMA-targeted therapies have achieved remarkable results, BCMA levels were found to be downregulated in patients with MM who relapsed after these treatments. Therefore, the search for other antigens specific to MM has become a priority. Independently of BCMA expression, G-protein-coupled receptor family C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) is mainly expressed in the plasma cells of MM patients, while it is expressed in a limited number of normal tissues. Combining MM-specific antigen GPRC5D and T-cell-mediated therapies would be a promising therapeutic strategy for MM. Recently, we constructed a new anti-GPRC5D × anti-CD3 T-cell-engaging bispecific antibody (TCB), BR109, which was capable of binding to human GPRC5D and human CD3ε. Moreover, BR109 was proven to have relatively good stability and antitumor activity. BR109 could specifically trigger T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity against many GPRC5D-positive MM cells in vitro. Meanwhile, antitumor activity was demonstrated in MM cell line xenograft mouse models with human immune cell reconstitution. These preclinical studies have formed a solid foundation for the evaluation of MM treatment efficacy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhou
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Lei Nie
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhu
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Na Li
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
| | - Zhen-Hua Wu
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
| | - Jian Qi
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Bing-Yuan Wu
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
| | - Shu-Qing Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Hai-Bin Wang
- Bioray Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.-Q.Z.); (L.N.); (S.-S.Z.); (N.L.); (Z.-H.W.); (Q.W.); (J.Q.); (B.-Y.W.)
- Hisun Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311404, China
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19
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Thaller AL, Jönsson F, Fiquet O, Marie S, Doisne JM, Girelli-Zubani G, Eri T, Fernandes P, Tatirovsky E, Langa-Vives F, Bruhns P, Strick-Marchand H, Di Santo JP. A human immune system (HIS) mouse model that dissociates roles for mouse and human FcR + cells during antibody-mediated immune responses. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350454. [PMID: 37621208 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Human immune system (HIS) mice provide a model to study human immune responses in vivo. Currently available HIS mouse models may harbor mouse Fc Receptor (FcR)-expressing cells that exert potent effector functions following administration of human Ig. Previous studies showed that the ablation of the murine FcR gamma chain (FcR-γ) results in loss of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis in vivo. We created a new FcR-γ-deficient HIS mouse model to compare host (mouse) versus graft (human) effects underlying antibody-mediated immune responses in vivo. FcR-γ-deficient HIS recipients lack expression and function of mouse activating FcRs and can be stably and robustly reconstituted with human immune cells. By screening blood B-cell depletion by rituximab Ig variants, we found that human FcγRs-mediated IgG1 effects, whereas mouse activating FcγRs were dominant in IgG4 effects. Complement played a role as an IgG1 variant (IgG1 K322A) lacking complement binding activity was largely ineffective. Finally, we provide evidence that FcγRIIIA on human NK cells could mediate complement-independent B-cell depletion by IgG1 K322A. We anticipate that our FcR-γ-deficient HIS model will help clarify mechanisms of action of exogenous administered human antibodies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Louisa Thaller
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Friederike Jönsson
- Institut Pasteur, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1222, Paris, France
| | - Oriane Fiquet
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Solenne Marie
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Doisne
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Girelli-Zubani
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Toshiki Eri
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Priyanka Fernandes
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Evgeny Tatirovsky
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - Francina Langa-Vives
- Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Engineering Platform, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Bruhns
- Institut Pasteur, Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1222, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Strick-Marchand
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
| | - James P Di Santo
- Institut Pasteur, Innate Immunity Unit, Université Paris Cité, Inserm U1223, Paris, France
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20
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Kelkar NS, Goldberg BS, Dufloo J, Bruel T, Schwartz O, Hessell AJ, Ackerman ME. Sex and species associated differences in Complement-mediated immunity in Humans and Rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.23.563614. [PMID: 37961263 PMCID: PMC10634758 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.23.563614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The complement system can be viewed as a 'moderator' of innate immunity, 'instructor' of humoral immunity, and 'regulator' of adaptive immunity. While sex and aging are known to affect humoral and cellular immune systems, their impact on the complement pathway in humans and rhesus macaques, a commonly used non-human primate model system, have not been well-studied. To address this knowledge gap, we analyzed serum samples from 90 humans and 75 rhesus macaques for the abundance and activity of the complement system components. While sequences of cascade proteins were highly conserved, dramatically different levels were observed between species. Whereas the low levels detected in rhesus samples raised questions about the suitability of the test, differences in levels of complement proteins were observed in male and female humans. Levels of total and antibody-dependent deposition of C1q and C3b on a glycosylated antigen differed between human and rhesus, suggesting differential recognition of glycans. Functional differences in complement-mediated lysis of antibody-sensitized cells were observed in multiple assays and showed that human females frequently exhibited higher lytic activity than human males or rhesus macaques, which typically did not exhibit such sexual dimorphism. Other differences between species and sexes were observed in more narrow contexts-for only certain antibodies, antigens, or assays. Collectively, these results expand our knowledge of sexual dimorphism in the complement system in humans, identifying differences that appear to be absent from rhesus macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha S. Kelkar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Goldberg
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Present Address: Metaphore Biotechnologies Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jérémy Dufloo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Present Address: Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat da Valencia-CSIC, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - Timothée Bruel
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 9400 Créteil, France
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3569, Virus and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
- Vaccine Research Institute, 9400 Créteil, France
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology and Immunology, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Margaret E. Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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21
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Donley J, Jani D, Zhu T, Xiang Y, Gorovits B, Arkin S. Evolution of Antidrug Antibody Assays During the Development of Anti-Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor Monoclonal Antibody Marstacimab. AAPS J 2023; 25:84. [PMID: 37610502 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00847-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endogenous inhibitor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. In patients with hemophilia A or B, inhibition of TFPI is an alternative therapeutic approach that augments the extrinsic coagulation pathway. Marstacimab is an investigational fully human monoclonal antibody that binds and neutralizes TFPI and is being evaluated as a prophylactic treatment to prevent or reduce the frequency of bleeding episodes in patients with severe hemophilia A or B, with or without inhibitors (antibodies against coagulation factors). However, the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of marstacimab may be affected by the induction of antidrug antibody (ADA) responses. Here, we describe the evolution and validation of three quasi-quantitative electrochemiluminescence-based methods to detect marstacimab ADAs, starting from their use in a first-in-human phase 1 study to their use in phase 2 and 3 clinical studies of patients with severe hemophilia. For all three methods, validation criteria evaluated the performance of the assays in screening and confirmatory cut points, precision, selectivity, drug tolerance, target interference, and stability. Additional criteria for validation were dilution linearity (Methods 1 and 2) and low positive control concentration, prozone effect, plate homogeneity, and robustness (Method 3). The three methods met validation criteria and are a potentially valuable tool in detecting the induction of marstacimab ADAs during treatment in patients with hemophilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Donley
- Pfizer Biomedicine Design, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Tong Zhu
- Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuhong Xiang
- Pfizer Biomedicine Design, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Steven Arkin
- Rare Disease Research Unit, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 610 Main St., 2nd Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA.
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22
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Pejchal R, Cooper AB, Brown ME, Vásquez M, Krauland EM. Profiling the Biophysical Developability Properties of Common IgG1 Fc Effector Silencing Variants. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:54. [PMID: 37753968 PMCID: PMC10526015 DOI: 10.3390/antib12030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic antibodies represent the most significant modality in biologics, with around 150 approved drugs on the market. In addition to specific target binding mediated by the variable fragments (Fvs) of the heavy and light chains, antibodies possess effector functions through binding of the constant region (Fc) to Fcγ receptors (FcγR), which allow immune cells to attack and kill target cells using a variety of mechanisms. However, for some applications, including T-cell-engaging bispecifics, this effector function is typically undesired. Mutations within the lower hinge and the second constant domain (CH2) of IgG1 that comprise the FcγR binding interface reduce or eliminate effector function ("Fc silencing") while retaining binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), important for normal antibody pharmacokinetics (PKs). Comprehensive profiling of biophysical developability properties would benefit the choice of constant region variants for development. Here, we produce a large panel of representative mutations previously described in the literature and in many cases in clinical or approved molecules, generate select combinations thereof, and characterize their binding and biophysical properties. We find that some commonly used CH2 mutations, including D265A and P331S, are effective in reducing binding to FcγR but significantly reduce stability, promoting aggregation, particularly under acidic conditions commonly employed in manufacturing. We highlight mutation sets that are particularly effective for eliminating Fc effector function with the retention of WT-like stability, including L234A, L235A, and S267K (LALA-S267K), L234A, L235E, and S267K (LALE-S267K), L234A, L235A, and P329A (LALA-P329A), and L234A, L235E, and P329G (LALE-P329G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pejchal
- Adimab LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA; (M.E.B.); (M.V.); (E.M.K.)
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23
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Chew KS, Wells RC, Moshkforoush A, Chan D, Lechtenberg KJ, Tran HL, Chow J, Kim DJ, Robles-Colmenares Y, Srivastava DB, Tong RK, Tong M, Xa K, Yang A, Zhou Y, Akkapeddi P, Annamalai L, Bajc K, Blanchette M, Cherf GM, Earr TK, Gill A, Huynh D, Joy D, Knight KN, Lac D, Leung AWS, Lexa KW, Liau NPD, Becerra I, Malfavon M, McInnes J, Nguyen HN, Lozano EI, Pizzo ME, Roche E, Sacayon P, Calvert MEK, Daneman R, Dennis MS, Duque J, Gadkar K, Lewcock JW, Mahon CS, Meisner R, Solanoy H, Thorne RG, Watts RJ, Zuchero YJY, Kariolis MS. CD98hc is a target for brain delivery of biotherapeutics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5053. [PMID: 37598178 PMCID: PMC10439950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40681-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain exposure of systemically administered biotherapeutics is highly restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we report the engineering and characterization of a BBB transport vehicle targeting the CD98 heavy chain (CD98hc or SLC3A2) of heterodimeric amino acid transporters (TVCD98hc). The pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties of a CD98hc antibody transport vehicle (ATVCD98hc) are assessed in humanized CD98hc knock-in mice and cynomolgus monkeys. Compared to most existing BBB platforms targeting the transferrin receptor, peripherally administered ATVCD98hc demonstrates differentiated brain delivery with markedly slower and more prolonged kinetic properties. Specific biodistribution profiles within the brain parenchyma can be modulated by introducing Fc mutations on ATVCD98hc that impact FcγR engagement, changing the valency of CD98hc binding, and by altering the extent of target engagement with Fabs. Our study establishes TVCD98hc as a modular brain delivery platform with favorable kinetic, biodistribution, and safety properties distinct from previously reported BBB platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie S Chew
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert C Wells
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Arash Moshkforoush
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Darren Chan
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kendra J Lechtenberg
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hai L Tran
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Johann Chow
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Do Jin Kim
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Devendra B Srivastava
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Raymond K Tong
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Mabel Tong
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kaitlin Xa
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Alexander Yang
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yinhan Zhou
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Padma Akkapeddi
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Lakshman Annamalai
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kaja Bajc
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Marie Blanchette
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Gerald Maxwell Cherf
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Timothy K Earr
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Audrey Gill
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - David Huynh
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - David Joy
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kristen N Knight
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Diana Lac
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Amy Wing-Sze Leung
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Katrina W Lexa
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Nicholas P D Liau
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Isabel Becerra
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Mario Malfavon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Joseph McInnes
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hoang N Nguyen
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Edwin I Lozano
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Michelle E Pizzo
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Elysia Roche
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Patricia Sacayon
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Meredith E K Calvert
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Richard Daneman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Dennis
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Duque
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kapil Gadkar
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joseph W Lewcock
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Cathal S Mahon
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - René Meisner
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hilda Solanoy
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert G Thorne
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ryan J Watts
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Y Joy Yu Zuchero
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Mihalis S Kariolis
- Denali Therapeutics, Inc., 161 Oyster Point Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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24
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Pouleau B, Estoppey C, Suere P, Nallet E, Laurendon A, Monney T, Pais Ferreira D, Drake A, Carretero-Iglesia L, Macoin J, Berret J, Pihlgren M, Doucey MA, Gudi GS, Menon V, Udupa V, Maiti A, Borthakur G, Srivastava A, Blein S, Mbow ML, Matthes T, Kaya Z, Edwards CM, Edwards JR, Menoret E, Kervoëlen C, Pellat-Deceunynck C, Moreau P, Zhukovsky E, Perro M, Chimen M. Preclinical characterization of ISB 1342, a CD38 × CD3 T-cell engager for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Blood 2023; 142:260-273. [PMID: 37192303 PMCID: PMC10644056 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Although treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) with daratumumab significantly extends the patient's lifespan, resistance to therapy is inevitable. ISB 1342 was designed to target MM cells from patients with relapsed/refractory MM (r/r MM) displaying lower sensitivity to daratumumab. ISB 1342 is a bispecific antibody with a high-affinity Fab binding to CD38 on tumor cells on a different epitope than daratumumab and a detuned scFv domain affinity binding to CD3ε on T cells, to mitigate the risk of life-threatening cytokine release syndrome, using the Bispecific Engagement by Antibodies based on the TCR (BEAT) platform. In vitro, ISB 1342 efficiently killed cell lines with different levels of CD38, including those with a lower sensitivity to daratumumab. In a killing assay where multiple modes of action were enabled, ISB 1342 showed higher cytotoxicity toward MM cells compared with daratumumab. This activity was retained when used in sequential or concomitant combinations with daratumumab. The efficacy of ISB 1342 was maintained in daratumumab-treated bone marrow patient samples showing lower sensitivity to daratumumab. ISB 1342 induced complete tumor control in 2 therapeutic mouse models, unlike daratumumab. Finally, in cynomolgus monkeys, ISB 1342 displayed an acceptable toxicology profile. These data suggest that ISB 1342 may be an option in patients with r/r MM refractory to prior anti-CD38 bivalent monoclonal antibody therapies. It is currently being developed in a phase 1 clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Pouleau
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Carole Estoppey
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Perrine Suere
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Nallet
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Amélie Laurendon
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Monney
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Adam Drake
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Julie Macoin
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Berret
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pihlgren
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Girish S. Gudi
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Translational Sciences, Ichnos Sciences Inc, New York, NY
| | - Vinu Menon
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Translational Sciences, Ichnos Sciences Inc, New York, NY
| | - Venkatesha Udupa
- Department of Toxicology, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Maiti
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ankita Srivastava
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Stanislas Blein
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - M. Lamine Mbow
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Matthes
- Hematology Service, Department of Oncology and Clinical Pathology Service, Department of Diagnostics, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zeynep Kaya
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire M. Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuelle Menoret
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Therassay Core Facility, Department of Onco-Hematology, Capacités, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Charlotte Kervoëlen
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- Therassay Core Facility, Department of Onco-Hematology, Capacités, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Catherine Pellat-Deceunynck
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Moreau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université d'Angers, Nantes, France
- SIRIC ILIAD, Angers, Nantes, France
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Unité d'Investigation Clinique, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Eugene Zhukovsky
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mario Perro
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Chimen
- Department of Oncology, Ichnos Sciences SA, Epalinges, Switzerland
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Wedi B. Inhibition of KIT for chronic urticaria: a status update on drugs in early clinical development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:1043-1054. [PMID: 37897679 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2277385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic urticaria (CU), including chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and chronic inducible urticaria (CIndU), is a prevalent, enduring, mast-cell driven condition that presents challenges in its management. There is a clear need for additional approved treatment options beyond H1 receptor antagonists and the anti-IgE monoclonal antibody (mAb), omalizumab. One of the latest therapeutic strategies targets KIT, which is considered the primary master regulator for mast cell-related disorders. AREAS COVERED This review provides a status update on KIT inhibiting drugs in early clinical development for CU. EXPERT OPINION Whereas multi-targeted tyrosine kinase KIT inhibitors carry the risk of off-target toxicities, initial data from anti-KIT mAbs indicate significant potential in CSU and CIndU. The prolonged depletion of mast cells over several weeks by barzolvolimab could effectively control urticarial symptoms. Regarding safety, based on theoretical considerations and the available preliminary results, it is already evident that there may be more side effects compared to omalizumab. However, long-term safety data beyond 12 weeks are still lacking. The outcome of ongoing or planned clinical trials with several anti-KIT mAbs will need to demonstrate benefits compared to anti-IgE in CU or whether one approach is better suited for specific urticaria endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wedi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Comprehensive Allergy Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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26
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Kurnellas M, Mitra A, Schwabe T, Paul R, Arrant AE, Roberson ED, Ward M, Yeh F, Long H, Rosenthal A. Latozinemab, a novel progranulin-elevating therapy for frontotemporal dementia. J Transl Med 2023; 21:387. [PMID: 37322482 PMCID: PMC10268535 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04251-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in the progranulin (PGRN) gene (GRN) cause a reduction in PGRN and lead to the development of frontotemporal dementia (FTD-GRN). PGRN is a secreted lysosomal chaperone, immune regulator, and neuronal survival factor that is shuttled to the lysosome through multiple receptors, including sortilin. Here, we report the characterization of latozinemab, a human monoclonal antibody that decreases the levels of sortilin, which is expressed on myeloid and neuronal cells and shuttles PGRN to the lysosome for degradation, and blocks its interaction with PGRN. METHODS In vitro characterization studies were first performed to assess the mechanism of action of latozinemab. After the in vitro studies, a series of in vivo studies were performed to assess the efficacy of a mouse-cross reactive anti-sortilin antibody and the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of latozinemab in nonhuman primates and humans. RESULTS In a mouse model of FTD-GRN, the rodent cross-reactive anti-sortilin antibody, S15JG, decreased total sortilin levels in white blood cell (WBC) lysates, restored PGRN to normal levels in plasma, and rescued a behavioral deficit. In cynomolgus monkeys, latozinemab decreased sortilin levels in WBCs and concomitantly increased plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PGRN by 2- to threefold. Finally, in a first-in-human phase 1 clinical trial, a single infusion of latozinemab caused a reduction in WBC sortilin, tripled plasma PGRN and doubled CSF PGRN in healthy volunteers, and restored PGRN to physiological levels in asymptomatic GRN mutation carriers. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the development of latozinemab for the treatment of FTD-GRN and other neurodegenerative diseases where elevation of PGRN may be beneficial. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03636204. Registered on 17 August 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03636204 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kurnellas
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
- Neuron23, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
| | - Ananya Mitra
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tina Schwabe
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Nine Square Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Robert Paul
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Nine Square Therapeutics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Andrew E Arrant
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Erik D Roberson
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Alzheimer's Disease Center, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Ward
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Felix Yeh
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Hua Long
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Arnon Rosenthal
- Alector, Inc., 131 Oyster Point Blvd, #600, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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27
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Sampei Z, Koo CX, Teo FJ, Toh YX, Fukuzawa T, Gan SW, Nambu T, Ho A, Honda K, Igawa T, Ahmed F, Wang CI, Fink K, Nezu J. Complement Activation by an Anti-Dengue/Zika Antibody with Impaired Fcγ Receptor Binding Provides Strong Efficacy and Abrogates Risk of Antibody-Dependent Enhancement. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12020036. [PMID: 37218902 DOI: 10.3390/antib12020036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To combat infectious diseases, vaccines are considered the best prophylactic strategy for a wide range of the population, but even when vaccines are effective, the administration of therapeutic antibodies against viruses could provide further treatment options, particularly for vulnerable groups whose immunity against the viruses is compromised. Therapeutic antibodies against dengue are ideally engineered to abrogate binding to Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), which can induce antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). However, the Fc effector functions of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have recently been reported to improve post-exposure therapy, while they are dispensable when administered as prophylaxis. Hence, in this report, we investigated the influence of Fc engineering on anti-virus efficacy using the anti-dengue/Zika human antibody SIgN-3C and found it affected the viremia clearance efficacy against dengue in a mouse model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that complement activation through antibody binding to C1q could play a role in anti-dengue efficacy. We also generated a novel Fc variant, which displayed the ability for complement activation but showed very low FcγR binding and an undetectable level of the risk of ADE in a cell-based assay. This Fc engineering approach could make effective and safe anti-virus antibodies against dengue, Zika and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenjiro Sampei
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | | | - Frannie Jiuyi Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Ying Xiu Toh
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Taku Fukuzawa
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Siok Wan Gan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Takeru Nambu
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Adrian Ho
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Kiyofumi Honda
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Tomoyuki Igawa
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
| | - Fariyal Ahmed
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Cheng-I Wang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Katja Fink
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138648, Singapore
| | - Junichi Nezu
- Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yokohama 244-8602, Japan
- Chugai Pharmabody Research Pte. Ltd., Singapore 138623, Singapore
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28
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Lim JL, Augustinus R, Plomp JJ, Roya-Kouchaki K, Vergoossen DLE, Fillié-Grijpma Y, Struijk J, Thomas R, Salvatori D, Steyaert C, Blanchetot C, Vanhauwaert R, Silence K, van der Maarel SM, Verschuuren JJ, Huijbers MG. Development and characterization of agonistic antibodies targeting the Ig-like 1 domain of MuSK. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7478. [PMID: 37156800 PMCID: PMC10167245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) is crucial for acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering and thereby neuromuscular junction (NMJ) function. NMJ dysfunction is a hallmark of several neuromuscular diseases, including MuSK myasthenia gravis. Aiming to restore NMJ function, we generated several agonist monoclonal antibodies targeting the MuSK Ig-like 1 domain. These activated MuSK and induced AChR clustering in cultured myotubes. The most potent agonists partially rescued myasthenic effects of MuSK myasthenia gravis patient IgG autoantibodies in vitro. In an IgG4 passive transfer MuSK myasthenia model in NOD/SCID mice, MuSK agonists caused accelerated weight loss and no rescue of myasthenic features. The MuSK Ig-like 1 domain agonists unexpectedly caused sudden death in a large proportion of male C57BL/6 mice (but not female or NOD/SCID mice), likely caused by a urologic syndrome. In conclusion, these agonists rescued pathogenic effects in myasthenia models in vitro, but not in vivo. The sudden death in male mice of one of the tested mouse strains revealed an unexpected and unexplained role for MuSK outside skeletal muscle, thereby hampering further (pre-) clinical development of these clones. Future research should investigate whether other Ig-like 1 domain MuSK antibodies, binding different epitopes, do hold a safe therapeutic promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Lim
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roy Augustinus
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Plomp
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kasra Roya-Kouchaki
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dana L E Vergoossen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Fillié-Grijpma
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine Struijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thomas
- Department PDC-Pathologie, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Salvatori
- Veterinary Faculty, Department Clinical Sciences, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvère M van der Maarel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan J Verschuuren
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje G Huijbers
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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29
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van Helden MJ, Zwarthoff SA, Arends RJ, Reinieren-Beeren IMJ, Paradé MCBC, Driessen-Engels L, de Laat-Arts K, Damming D, Santegoeds-Lenssen EWH, van Kuppeveld DWJ, Lodewijks I, Olsman H, Matlung HL, Franke K, Mattaar-Hepp E, Stokman MEM, de Wit B, Glaudemans DHRF, van Wijk DEJW, Joosten-Stoffels L, Schouten J, Boersema PJ, van der Vleuten M, Sanderink JWH, Kappers WA, van den Dobbelsteen D, Timmers M, Ubink R, Rouwendal GJA, Verheijden G, van der Lee MMC, Dokter WHA, van den Berg TK. BYON4228 is a pan-allelic antagonistic SIRPα antibody that potentiates destruction of antibody-opsonized tumor cells and lacks binding to SIRPγ on T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006567. [PMID: 37068796 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have firmly established the CD47-signal-regulatory protein (SIRP)α axis as a myeloid immune checkpoint in cancer, and this is corroborated by available evidence from the first clinical studies with CD47 blockers. However, CD47 is ubiquitously expressed and mediates functional interactions with other ligands as well, and therefore targeting of the primarily myeloid cell-restricted inhibitory immunoreceptor SIRPα may represent a better strategy. METHOD We generated BYON4228, a novel SIRPα-directed antibody. An extensive preclinical characterization was performed, including direct comparisons to previously reported anti-SIRPα antibodies. RESULTS BYON4228 is an antibody directed against SIRPα that recognizes both allelic variants of SIRPα in the human population, thereby maximizing its potential clinical applicability. Notably, BYON4228 does not recognize the closely related T-cell expressed SIRPγ that mediates interactions with CD47 as well, which are known to be instrumental in T-cell extravasation and activation. BYON4228 binds to the N-terminal Ig-like domain of SIRPα and its epitope largely overlaps with the CD47-binding site. BYON4228 blocks binding of CD47 to SIRPα and inhibits signaling through the CD47-SIRPα axis. Functional studies show that BYON4228 potentiates macrophage-mediated and neutrophil-mediated killing of hematologic and solid cancer cells in vitro in the presence of a variety of tumor-targeting antibodies, including trastuzumab, rituximab, daratumumab and cetuximab. The silenced Fc region of BYON4228 precludes immune cell-mediated elimination of SIRPα-positive myeloid cells, implying anticipated preservation of myeloid immune effector cells in patients. The unique profile of BYON4228 clearly distinguishes it from previously reported antibodies representative of agents in clinical development, which either lack recognition of one of the two SIRPα polymorphic variants (HEFLB), or cross-react with SIRPγ and inhibit CD47-SIRPγ interactions (SIRPAB-11-K322A, 1H9), and/or have functional Fc regions thereby displaying myeloid cell depletion activity (SIRPAB-11-K322A). In vivo, BYON4228 increases the antitumor activity of rituximab in a B-cell Raji xenograft model in human SIRPαBIT transgenic mice. Finally, BYON4228 shows a favorable safety profile in cynomolgus monkeys. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this defines BYON4228 as a preclinically highly differentiating pan-allelic SIRPα antibody without T-cell SIRPγ recognition that promotes the destruction of antibody-opsonized cancer cells. Clinical studies are planned to start in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hugo Olsman
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Benny de Wit
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jan Schouten
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruud Ubink
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Timo K van den Berg
- Byondis BV, Nijmegen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
- Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Wang J, Li C, He K, Kuang Z, Lu J, Yao Y, He F, Li N, Li L, Fu F, Wu Z, Zhou S, Kang D, Qiu X, Wu M, Liu Y, Cao X, Xu M, Chen B, Wu W, Guo F. Characterization of anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody, a potential therapy for B cell malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:493-507. [PMID: 35963895 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03267-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
High rates of relapse and poor prognosis confer an urgent need for novel therapeutic agents for B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (B-NHLs). Herein, we describe a human IgG-like anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody (IBI38D9-L) that selectively depletes antigen-positive malignant B cells as an alternative treatment option for relapsed or refractory NHL patients. The antitumor activity and mechanism of action of IBI38D9-L were investigated in vitro using B-NHL cell lines and human primary effector cells and in vivo using xenograft models reconstituted with human PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cells). Pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and preclinical toxicology were evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys and HSC-NPG mice. IBI38D9-L exerted potent B cell killing as well as T cell activation and proliferation in a tumor cell-dependent manner in vitro and was active against B-NHL cell lines with various CD79b expression levels. Subcutaneous xenograft tumors in NOG mice engrafted with human PBMCs were eradicated by IBI38D9-L treatment. Moreover, IBI38D9-L-treated mice showed a strong infiltration of activated T cells. In HSC-NPG mice, IBI38D9-L resulted in potent B cell depletion in peripheral blood and induced only slight body weight loss and cytokine release syndrome without significant toxicological findings. In cynomolgus monkeys, IBI38D9-L was well tolerated with good pharmacokinetic profiles. Collectively, these preclinical efficacy and safety data provide strong scientific rationales for using anti-CD79b/CD3 bispecific antibody as a promising therapeutic agent for B cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaijie He
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihui Kuang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Yao
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fufan He
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ninghuan Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Li
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fenggen Fu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihai Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Dian Kang
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Qiu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaochao Cao
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengqiu Xu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bingliang Chen
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Innovent Biologics (Suzhou) Co., Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Yang J, Deresa I, Ho WH, Long H, Maslyar D, Rosenthal A, Liang SC, Pincetic A. AL008 Enhances Myeloid Antitumor Function by Inhibiting SIRPα Signaling and Activating Fc Receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:204-215. [PMID: 36480261 PMCID: PMC9772397 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Antagonizing the CD47-signal regulatory protein (SIRP)α pathway, a critical myeloid checkpoint, promotes antitumor immunity. In this study, we describe the development of AL008, a pan-allelic, SIRPα-specific Ab that triggers the degradation of SIRPα and, concurrently, stimulates FcγR activation of myeloid cells through an engineered Fc domain. AL008 showed superior enhancement of phagocytosis of tumor cells opsonized with antitumor Ag Abs compared with another SIRPα Ab tested. Unlike ligand-blocking SIRPα Abs, AL008 demonstrated single-agent activity by increasing tumor cell engulfment by human monocyte-derived macrophages even in the absence of opsonizing agents. This effect was due to enhanced Fc function, as blocking FcγR2A abrogated AL008-mediated phagocytic activity. AL008 also promoted human monocyte-derived dendritic cell-mediated T cell proliferation. In humanized mouse models, AL008 induced internalization of SIRPα and increased expression of CD86 and HLA-DR on human tumor-associated macrophages, confirming that the mechanism of action is retained in vivo. Monotherapy treatment with AL008 significantly reduced tumor growth in humanized mice implanted with human MDA-MB-231 tumor cells. AL008 also significantly potentiated the effects of T cell checkpoint blockade with anti-programmed death ligand-1 in syngeneic tumor models. This dual and specific mechanism of AL008, to our knowledge, provides a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting myeloid cells for immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hua Long
- Alector, Inc., South San Francisco, CA
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32
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Oostindie SC, Rinaldi DA, Zom GG, Wester MJ, Paulet D, Al-Tamimi K, van der Meijden E, Scheick JR, Wilpshaar T, de Jong B, Hoff-van den Broek M, Grattan RM, Oosterhoff JJ, Vignau J, Verploegen S, Boross P, Beurskens FJ, Lidke DS, Schuurman J, de Jong RN. Logic-gated antibody pairs that selectively act on cells co-expressing two antigens. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1509-1519. [PMID: 35879362 PMCID: PMC9546771 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is constrained because single antigen targets often do not provide sufficient selectivity to distinguish diseased from healthy tissues. We present HexElect®, an approach to enhance the functional selectivity of therapeutic antibodies by making their activity dependent on clustering after binding to two different antigens expressed on the same target cell. lmmunoglobulin G (lgG)-mediated clustering of membrane receptors naturally occurs on cell surfaces to trigger complement- or cell-mediated effector functions or to initiate intracellular signaling. We engineer the Fc domains of two different lgG antibodies to suppress their individual homo-oligomerization while promoting their pairwise hetero-oligomerization after binding co-expressed antigens. We show that recruitment of complement component C1q to these hetero-oligomers leads to clustering-dependent activation of effector functions such as complement mediated killing of target cells or activation of cell surface receptors. HexElect allows selective antibody activity on target cells expressing unique, potentially unexplored combinations of surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Oostindie
- Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Derek A Rinaldi
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Michael J Wester
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel M Grattan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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33
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Liu X, Zhou X, Noor AU, Zhang X, Song C, Sun H. Enhancing half-life and cytotoxicity of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus soluble receptors by taming their Fc domains. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109526. [PMID: 35988378 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is an important pathogen. Although tremendous effort has been made for the vaccine development, only modified live vaccines are widely used with arguably limited efficacy. Our previous study showed that the Fc-fused first four Ig-like domains of Sn (Sn4D-Fc) and the SRCR domains 5-9 of CD163 (SRCR59-Fc) can act as PRRSV soluble receptors (VSRs). In this study, we improved the VSR-based anti-PRRSV strategy by taming their Fc domains. Sequence alignment showed that the CH3 domain of pig IgG1 contained five putative amino acids involved in the interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). The M455L/N461S variant of SRCR59-Fc/Sn4D-Fc was created for the higher affinity of FcRn binding. Both rBac-SRCR59-lsFc/Sn4D-lsFc and rBac-SRCR59-Fc/Sn4D-Fc expressing the mutated or wild-type VSRs were generated for conceptual validation. Both immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis showed that the two rBac vectors could express the encoded VSRs in cells with similar expression levels and anti-PRRSV effects. In the rBac-injected mice, the expression of SRCR59-lsFc/Sn4D-lsFc was significantly prolonged than that of SRCR59-Fc/Sn4D-Fc. Both plasma stability and serum half-life of the purified SRCR59-lsFc/Sn4D-lsFc were significantly improved than that of SRCR59-Fc/Sn4D-Fc. SRCR59-lsFc/Sn4D-lsFc-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed significantly stronger cytotoxicity on PRRSV-infected primary alveolar macrophages than SRCR59-Fc/Sn4D-Fc-treated cells. For the first time, we demonstrated that both half-life and effector function of pig IgG Fc-fused proteins could be significantly improved by taming their CH3 domains. The rBac-SRCR59-lsFc/Sn4D-lsFc could be further developed as a novel anti-PRRSV reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhou
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Aziz Ullah Noor
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chengyi Song
- The College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huaichang Sun
- The College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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34
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Lu J, Chen L, Du P, Guo J, Wang X, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Wang R, Yang Z. A human monoclonal antibody to neutralize all four serotypes of dengue virus derived from patients at the convalescent phase of infection. Virology 2022; 576:74-82. [PMID: 36183498 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a prevalent mosquito-transmitted human pathogen, causing about 100 million cases of acute dengue fever and 21,000 deaths annually worldwide. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against dengue virus might be effective to treat severe dengue fever. Here, we showed that human monoclonal antibody (HMAb) 9C7 bound to all four intact serotypes of DENV but not to the recombinant envelope protein, suggesting HMAb 9C7 recognized a conformational epitope of the envelope protein. Taken together our results suggested that HMAb 9C7 neutralized all four serotypes of DENV in vitro and, for DENV-1, indicated activity at the pre- and post-attachment steps in the viral life cycle. HMAb 9C7 potently protected suckling mice from lethal challenge with all four serotypes of DENV. FcγRII-mediated uptake of immune complexes and antibody-dependent enhancement at low doses of the antibody were abolished by two Leu-to-Ala (9C7-LALA) mutations or deletion of nine amino acids (9C7-9del) in HMAb 9C7 Fc. Therefore, HMAb 9C7 represented a promising prophylactic and therapeutic agent against all four serotypes of DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Lu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Du
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazheng Guo
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Jiang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunzhou Yu
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhixin Yang
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China.
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35
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Tursi NJ, Reeder SM, Flores-Garcia Y, Bah MA, Mathis-Torres S, Salgado-Jimenez B, Esquivel R, Xu Z, Chu JD, Humeau L, Patel A, Zavala F, Weiner DB. Engineered DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies targeting Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein confer single dose protection in a murine malaria challenge model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14313. [PMID: 35995959 PMCID: PMC9395511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18375-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel approaches for malaria prophylaxis remain important. Synthetic DNA-encoded monoclonal antibodies (DMAbs) are a promising approach to generate rapid, direct in vivo host-generated mAbs with potential benefits in production simplicity and distribution coupled with genetic engineering. Here, we explore this approach in a malaria challenge model. We engineered germline-reverted DMAbs based on human mAb clones CIS43, 317, and L9 which target a junctional epitope, major repeat, and minor repeat of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSP) respectively. DMAb variants were encoded into a plasmid vector backbone and their expression and binding profiles were characterized. We demonstrate long-term serological expression of DMAb constructs resulting in in vivo efficacy of CIS43 GL and 317 GL in a rigorous mosquito bite mouse challenge model. Additionally, we engineered an Fc modified variant of CIS43 and L9-based DMAbs to ablate binding to C1q to test the impact of complement-dependent Fc function on challenge outcomes. Complement knockout variant DMAbs demonstrated similar protection to that of WT Fc DMAbs supporting the notion that direct binding to the parasite is sufficient for the protection observed. Further investigation of DMAbs for malaria prophylaxis appears of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Tursi
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sophia M Reeder
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mamadou A Bah
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Shamika Mathis-Torres
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Berenice Salgado-Jimenez
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Rianne Esquivel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ziyang Xu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jacqueline D Chu
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Laurent Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Plymouth Meeting, PA, 19462, USA
| | - Ami Patel
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - David B Weiner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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36
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Brady JM, Phelps M, MacDonald SW, Lam EC, Nitido A, Parsons D, Boutros CL, Deal CE, Garcia-Beltran WF, Tanno S, Natarajan H, Ackerman ME, Vrbanac VD, Balazs AB. Antibody-mediated prevention of vaginal HIV transmission is dictated by IgG subclass in humanized mice. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabn9662. [PMID: 35895834 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abn9662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
HIV broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are capable of both blocking viral entry and driving innate immune responses against HIV-infected cells through their Fc region. Vaccination or productive infection results in a polyclonal mixture of class-switched immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies composed of four subclasses, each encoding distinct Fc regions that differentially engage innate immune functions. Despite evidence that innate immunity contributes to protection, the relative contribution of individual IgG subclasses is unknown. Here, we used vectored immunoprophylaxis in humanized mice to interrogate the efficacy of individual IgG subclasses during prevention of vaginal HIV transmission by VRC07, a potent CD4-binding site-directed bNAb. We find that VRC07 IgG2, which lacks Fc-mediated functionality, exhibited substantially reduced protection in vivo relative to other subclasses. Low concentrations of highly functional VRC07 IgG1 yielded substantial protection against vaginal challenge, suggesting that interventions capable of eliciting modest titers of functional IgG subclasses may provide meaningful benefit against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Brady
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meredith Phelps
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Scott W MacDonald
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Evan C Lam
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Adam Nitido
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Virology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Parsons
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christine L Boutros
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Cailin E Deal
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Wilfredo F Garcia-Beltran
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Serah Tanno
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Harini Natarajan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.,Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Vladimir D Vrbanac
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alejandro B Balazs
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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37
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Shih HP, Ding JY, Sotolongo Bellón J, Lo YF, Chung PH, Ting HT, Peng JJ, Wu TY, Lin CH, Lo CC, Lin YN, Yeh CF, Chen JB, Wu TS, Liu YM, Kuo CY, Wang SY, Tu KH, Ng CY, Lei WT, Tsai YH, Chen JH, Chuang YT, Huang JY, Rey FA, Chen HK, Chang TW, Piehler J, Chi CY, Ku CL. Pathogenic autoantibodies to IFN-γ act through the impedance of receptor assembly and Fc-mediated response. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213354. [PMID: 35833912 PMCID: PMC9287643 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-interferon (IFN)-γ autoantibodies (AIGAs) are a pathogenic factor in late-onset immunodeficiency with disseminated mycobacterial and other opportunistic infections. AIGAs block IFN-γ function, but their effects on IFN-γ signaling are unknown. Using a single-cell capture method, we isolated 19 IFN-γ-reactive monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from patients with AIGAs. All displayed high-affinity (KD < 10-9 M) binding to IFN-γ, but only eight neutralized IFN-γ-STAT1 signaling and HLA-DR expression. Signal blockade and binding affinity were correlated and attributed to somatic hypermutations. Cross-competition assays identified three nonoverlapping binding sites (I-III) for AIGAs on IFN-γ. We found that site I mAb neutralized IFN-γ by blocking its binding to IFN-γR1. Site II and III mAbs bound the receptor-bound IFN-γ on the cell surface, abolishing IFN-γR1-IFN-γR2 heterodimerization and preventing downstream signaling. Site III mAbs mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, probably through antibody-IFN-γ complexes on cells. Pathogenic AIGAs underlie mycobacterial infections by the dual blockade of IFN-γ signaling and by eliminating IFN-γ-responsive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Po Shih
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ya Ding
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Junel Sotolongo Bellón
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Yu-Fang Lo
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - He-Ting Ting
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jhan-Jie Peng
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yi Wu
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Lo
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - You-Ning Lin
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fu Yeh
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Bo Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Shu Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuag-Meng Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yen Kuo
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Hua Tu
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chau Yee Ng
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Te Lei
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Pediatrics, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Huan Tsai
- Laboratory of Host-Microbe Interactions and Cell Dynamics, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Han Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chuang
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Félix A. Rey
- Structural Virology Unit, Department of Virology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Tse-Wen Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Division of Biophysics, Department of Biology, University of Osnabruck, Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Chih-Yu Chi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan,Chih-Yu Chi:
| | - Cheng-Lung Ku
- Laboratory of Human Immunology and Infectious Disease, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Center for Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan,Correspondence to Cheng-Lung Ku:
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38
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Bockermann R, Järnum S, Runström A, Lorant T, Winstedt L, Palmqvist N, Kjellman C. Imlifidase-generated Single-cleaved IgG: Implications for Transplantation. Transplantation 2022; 106:1485-1496. [PMID: 34966107 PMCID: PMC9213077 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imlifidase is an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-specific protease conditionally approved in the EU for desensitization in highly sensitized crossmatch positive kidney transplant patients. Imlifidase efficiently cleaves both heavy chains of IgG in a 2-step process. However, low levels of the intermediate cleavage product, single-cleaved IgG (scIgG), may persist in the circulation. The study objective was to investigate Fc-mediated effector functions of scIgG and its potential impact on common clinical immunologic assays used to assess transplant eligibility. METHODS Imlifidase-generated scIgG, obtained by in vitro cleavage of HLA-sensitized patient serum or selected antibodies, was investigated in different complement- and FcγR-dependent assays and models, including clinical tests used to evaluate HLA-specific antibodies. RESULTS ScIgG had significantly reduced Fc-mediated effector function compared with intact IgG, although some degree of activity in complement- and FcγR-dependent models was still detectable. A preparation of concentrated scIgG generated from a highly HLA-sensitized individual gave rise to a positive signal in the anti-HLA IgG LABScreen, which uses anti-Fc detection, but was entirely negative in the C1qScreen. The same high-concentration HLA-binding scIgG preparation also generated positive complement-dependent cytotoxicity responses against 80%-100% of donor T and B cells, although follow-up titrations demonstrated a much lower intrinsic activity than for intact anti-HLA IgG. CONCLUSIONS ScIgG has a significantly reduced capacity to mediate Fc-dependent effector functions. However, remaining HLA-reactive scIgG in plasma after imlifidase treatment can cause positive assay results equivalent to intact IgG in clinical assays. Therefore, complete IgG cleavage after imlifidase treatment is essential to allow correct decision-making in relation to transplant eligibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tomas Lorant
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Transplantation Surgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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39
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Staudacher AH, Liapis V, Wittwer NL, Tieu W, Lam HC, Leusen J, Brown MP. Fc gamma receptor is not required for in vivo processing of radio- and drug-conjugates of the dead tumor cell-targeting monoclonal antibody, APOMAB®. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113090. [PMID: 35567988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc region of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) can play a crucial role in its biodistribution and therapeutic activity. The chimeric mAb, chDAB4 (APOMAB®), which binds to dead tumor cells after DNA-damaging anticancer treatment, has been studied pre-clinically in both diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer. Given that macrophages contribute to the tumor accumulation of chDAB4 and its potency as an antibody drug conjugate in vivo, we next wanted to determine whether the Fc region of the chDAB4 mAb also contributed. We found that, regardless of prior labeling with chDAB4, dead EL4 lymphoma or Lewis Lung (LL2) tumor cells were phagocytosed equally by wild-type or Fcγ knock-down macrophage cell lines. A similar result was seen with bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type, Fcγ knock-out (KO) and NOTAM mice that express Fcγ but lack immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling. Among EL4 tumor-bearing wild-type, Fcγ KO or NOTAM mice, no differences were observed in post-chemotherapy uptake of 89Zr-labeled chDAB4. Similarly, no differences were observed between LL2 tumor-bearing wild-type and Fcγ KO mice in post-chemotherapy uptake of 89Zr-chDAB4. Also, the post-chemotherapy activity of a chDAB4-antibody drug conjugate (ADC) directed against LL2 tumors did not differ among tumor-bearing wild-type, Fcγ KO and NOTAM mice, nor did the proportions and characteristics of the LL2 tumor immune cell infiltrates differ significantly among these mice. In conclusion, Fc-FcγR interactions are not essential for the diagnostic or therapeutic applications of chDAB4 conjugates because the tumor-associated macrophages, which engulf the chDAB4-labelled dead cells, respond to endogenous 'eat me' signals rather than depend on functional FcγR expression for phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander H Staudacher
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Nicole L Wittwer
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - William Tieu
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Hiu Chun Lam
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Jeanette Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Michael P Brown
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; Cancer Clinical Trials Unit, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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40
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House RV, Broge TA, Suscovich TJ, Snow DM, Tomic MT, Nonet G, Bajwa K, Zhu G, Martinez Z, Hackett K, Earnhart CG, Dorsey NM, Hopkins SA, Natour DS, Davis HD, Anderson MS, Gainey MR, Cobb RR. Evaluation of strategies to modify Anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies for optimal functionality as therapeutics. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267796. [PMID: 35657812 PMCID: PMC9165815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current global COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a public health crisis with more than 168 million cases reported globally and more than 4.5 million deaths at the time of writing. In addition to the direct impact of the disease, the economic impact has been significant as public health measures to contain or reduce the spread have led to country wide lockdowns resulting in near closure of many sectors of the economy. Antibodies are a principal determinant of the humoral immune response to COVID-19 infections and may have the potential to reduce disease and spread of the virus. The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represents a therapeutic option that can be produced at large quantity and high quality. In the present study, a mAb combination mixture therapy was investigated for its capability to specifically neutralize SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate that each of the antibodies bind the spike protein and neutralize the virus, preventing it from infecting cells in an in vitro cell-based assay, including multiple viral variants that are currently circulating in the human population. In addition, we investigated the effects of two different mutations in the Fc portion (YTE and LALA) of the antibody on Fc effector function and the ability to alleviate potential antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. These data demonstrate the potential of a combination of two mAbs that target two different epitopes on the SARS-CoV2 spike protein to provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans while extending serum half-life and preventing antibody-dependent enhancement of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Doris M. Snow
- Ology Bioservices, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Milan T. Tomic
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Genevieve Nonet
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Kamaljit Bajwa
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Zachary Martinez
- Research and Development, Ology Bioservices, Inc., Alameda, CA, United States of America
| | - Kyal Hackett
- Ology Bioservices, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Christopher G. Earnhart
- US Department of Defense, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Nicole M. Dorsey
- US Department of Defense, Joint Program Executive Office for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear Defense (JPEO-CBRND), Washington, DC, United States of America
| | | | - Dalia S. Natour
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Heather D. Davis
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Anderson
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Melicia R. Gainey
- Battelle Biomedical Research Center, West Jefferson, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ronald R. Cobb
- Process Development, Ology Bioservices, Alachua, FL, United States of America
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41
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Maurer MF, Lewis KE, Kuijper JL, Ardourel D, Gudgeon CJ, Chandrasekaran S, Mudri SL, Kleist KN, Navas C, Wolfson MF, Rixon MW, Swanson R, Dillon SR, Levin SD, Kimbung YR, Akutsu M, Logan DT, Walse B, Swiderek KM, Peng SL. The engineered CD80 variant fusion therapeutic davoceticept combines checkpoint antagonism with conditional CD28 costimulation for anti-tumor immunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1790. [PMID: 35379805 PMCID: PMC8980021 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDespite the recent clinical success of T cell checkpoint inhibition targeting the CTLA-4 and PD-1 pathways, many patients either fail to achieve objective responses or they develop resistance to therapy. In some cases, poor responses to checkpoint blockade have been linked to suboptimal CD28 costimulation and the inability to generate and maintain a productive adaptive anti-tumor immune response. To address this, here we utilize directed evolution to engineer a CD80 IgV domain with increased PD-L1 affinity and fuse this to an immunoglobulin Fc domain, creating a therapeutic (ALPN-202, davoceticept) capable of providing CD28 costimulation in a PD-L1-dependent fashion while also antagonizing PD-1 - PD-L1 and CTLA-4–CD80/CD86 interactions. We demonstrate that by combining CD28 costimulation and dual checkpoint inhibition, ALPN-202 enhances T cell activation and anti-tumor efficacy in cell-based assays and mouse tumor models more potently than checkpoint blockade alone and thus has the potential to generate potent, clinically meaningful anti-tumor immunity in humans.
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42
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A Factor H-Fc fusion protein increases complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis and killing of community associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265774. [PMID: 35324969 PMCID: PMC8946749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus employs a multitude of immune-evasive tactics to circumvent host defenses including the complement system, a component of innate immunity central to controlling bacterial infections. With antibiotic resistance becoming increasingly common, there is a dire need for novel therapies. Previously, we have shown that S. aureus binds the complement regulator factor H (FH) via surface protein SdrE to inhibit complement. To address the need for novel therapeutics and take advantage of the FH:SdrE interaction, we examined the effect of a fusion protein comprised of the SdrE-interacting domain of FH coupled with IgG Fc on complement-mediated opsonophagocytosis and bacterial killing of community associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus. S. aureus bound significantly more FH-Fc compared to Fc-control proteins and FH-Fc competed with serum FH for S. aureus binding. FH-Fc treatment increased C3-fragment opsonization of S. aureus for both C3b and iC3b, and boosted generation of the anaphylatoxin C5a. In 5 and 10% serum, FH-Fc treatment significantly increased S. aureus killing by polymorphonuclear cells. This anti-staphylococcal effect was evident in 75% (3/4) of clinical isolates tested. This study demonstrates that FH-Fc fusion proteins have the potential to mitigate the protective effects of bound serum FH rendering S. aureus more vulnerable to the host immune system. Thus, we report the promise of virulence-factor-targeted fusion-proteins as an avenue for prospective anti-staphylococcal therapeutic development.
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43
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Kamat V, Boutot C, Rafique A, Granados C, Wang J, Badithe A, Torres M, Chatterjee I, Olsen O, Olson W, Huang T. High affinity human Fc specific monoclonal antibodies for capture kinetic analyses of antibody-antigen interactions. Anal Biochem 2022; 640:114455. [PMID: 34788604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that capturing human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) using high affinity anti-human Fc (AHC) antibodies allows reliable characterization of antibody-antigen interactions. Here, we characterized six human Fc specific mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and compared their binding profiles with three previously characterized goat AHC polyclonal antibodies (pAbs), exhibiting properties of a good capture reagent. All six mouse AHC mAbs specifically bound with high affinity to the Fc region of hIgG1, hIgG2, hIgG4 and to 43 different hIgG variants, containing substitutions and/or mutations in the hinge and/or Fc region, that have been reported to exhibit modified antibody effector function and/or pharmacokinetics. Biacore sensor surfaces individually derivatized with mouse AHC mAbs exhibited >2.5-fold higher hIgG binding capacity compared to the three goat AHC pAb surfaces and reproducibly captured hIgG over 300 capture-regeneration cycles. The results of the capture kinetic analyses performed on 31 antibody-antigen interactions using surfaces derivatized with either of the two highest affinity AHC mAbs (REGN7942 or REGN7943) were in concordance with those performed using goat AHC pAb surfaces. Our data demonstrate that AHC mAbs such as REGN7942 and REGN7943 that have properties superior than the three goat AHC pAbs are highly valuable research reagents, especially to perform capture kinetic analyses of antibody-antigen interactions on optical biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kamat
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Jing Wang
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, USA
| | - Ashok Badithe
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, USA
| | | | | | - Olav Olsen
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, USA
| | - William Olson
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, USA
| | - Tammy Huang
- Therapeutic Proteins, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, USA
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Abstract
Antibodies have been used to prevent or treat viral infections since the nineteenth century, but the full potential to use passive immunization for infectious diseases has yet to be realized. The advent of efficient methods for isolating broad and potently neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies is enabling us to develop antibodies with unprecedented activities. The discovery of IgG Fc region modifications that extend antibody half-life in humans to three months or more suggests that antibodies could become the principal tool with which we manage future viral epidemics. Antibodies for members of most virus families that cause severe disease in humans have been isolated, and many of them are in clinical development, an area that has accelerated during the effort to prevent or treat COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Broad and potently neutralizing antibodies are also important research reagents for identification of protective epitopes that can be engineered into active vaccines through structure-based reverse vaccinology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA;
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45
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Rashid MH. Full-length recombinant antibodies from Escherichia coli: production, characterization, effector function (Fc) engineering, and clinical evaluation. MAbs 2022; 14:2111748. [PMID: 36018829 PMCID: PMC9423848 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several antibody fragments and antibody fragment-fusion proteins produced in Escherichia coli (E. coli) are approved as therapeutics for various human diseases, a full-length monoclonal or a bispecific antibody produced in E. coli has not yet been approved. The past decade witnessed substantial progress in expression of full-length antibodies in the E. coli cytoplasm and periplasm, as well as in cell-free expression systems. The equivalency of E. coli-produced aglycosylated antibodies and their mammalian cell-produced counterparts, with respect to biochemical and biophysical properties, including antigen binding, in vitro and in vivo serum stability, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo serum half-life, has been demonstrated. Extensive engineering of the Fc domain of aglycosylated antibodies enables recruitment of various effector functions, despite the lack of N-linked glycans. This review summarizes recent research, preclinical advancements, and clinical development of E. coli-produced aglycosylated therapeutic antibodies as monoclonal, bispecific, and antibody-drug conjugates for use in autoimmune, oncology, and immuno-oncology areas.Abbreviations: ADA Anti-drug antibody; ADCC Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; ADCP Antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis; ADC Antibody-drug conjugate; aFc Aglycosylated Fc; AMD Age-related macular degeneration aTTP Acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; BCMA B-cell maturation antigen; BLA Biologics license application; BsAb Bispecific antibody; C1q Complement protein C1q; CDC Complement-dependent cytotoxicity; CDCC Complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CDCP Complement-dependent cellular phagocytosis; CEX Cation exchange chromatography; CFPS Cell-free protein expression; CHO Chinese Hamster Ovary; CH1-3 Constant heavy chain 1-3; CL Constant light chain; DLBCL Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; DAR Drug antibody ratio; DC Dendritic cell; dsFv Disulfide-stabilized Fv; EU European Union; EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor; E. coli Escherichia coli; EpCAM Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; Fab Fragment antigen binding; FACS Fluorescence activated cell sorting; Fc Fragment crystallizable; FcRn Neonatal Fc receptor; FcɣRs Fc gamma receptors; FDA Food and Drug Administration; FL-IgG Full-length immunoglobulin; Fv Fragment variable; FolRαa Folate receptor alpha; gFc Glycosylated Fc; GM-CSF Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor; GPx7 Human peroxidase 7; HCL Hairy cell leukemia; HIV Human immunodeficiency virusl; HER2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HGF Hepatocyte growth factor; HIC Hydrophobic interaction chromatography; HLA Human leukocyte antigen; IBs Inclusion bodies; IgG1-4 Immunoglobulin 1-4; IP Intraperitoneal; ITC Isothermal titration calorimetry; ITP Immune thrombocytopenia; IV Intravenous; kDa Kilodalton; KiH Knob-into-Hole; mAb Monoclonal antibody; MAC Membrane-attack complex; mCRC Metastatic colorectal cancer; MM Multipl myeloma; MOA Mechanism of action; MS Mass spectrometry; MUC1 Mucin 1; MG Myasthenia gravis; NB Nanobody; NK Natural killer; nsAA Nonstandard amino acid; NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer; P. aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa; PD-1 Programmed cell death 1; PD-L1 Programmed cell death-ligand 1; PDI Protein disulfide isomerase; PECS Periplasmic expression cytometric screening; PK Pharmacokinetics; P. pastoris Pichia pastoris; PTM Post-translational modification; Rg Radius of gyration; RA Rheumatoid arthritis; RT-PCR Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; SAXS Small angle X-ray scattering; scF Single chain Fv; SCLC Small cell lung cancer; SDS-PAGE Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SEC Size exclusion chromatography; SEED Strand-exchange engineered domain; sRNA Small regulatory RNA; SRP Signal recognition particle; T1/2 Half-life; Tagg Aggregation temperature; TCR T cell receptor; TDB T cell-dependent bispecific; TF Tissue factor; TIR Translation initiation region; Tm Melting temperature; TNBC Triple-negative breast cancer; TNF Tumor necrosis factor; TPO Thrombopoietin; VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor; vH Variable heavy chain; vL Variable light chain; vWF von Willebrand factor; WT Wild type.
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46
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Kedage V, Ellerman D, Fei M, Liang WC, Zhang G, Cheng E, Zhang J, Chen Y, Huang H, Lee WP, Wu Y, Yan M. CLEC5a-directed bispecific antibody for effective cellular phagocytosis. MAbs 2022; 14:2040083. [PMID: 35293277 PMCID: PMC8932924 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2040083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis mediated by activating Fcγ receptor is a key mechanism underlying many antibody drugs, their full therapeutic activities can be restricted by the inhibitory Fcγ receptor IIB (FcγRIIB). Here, we describe a bispecific antibody approach that harnesses phagocytic receptor CLEC5A (C-type Lectin Domain Containing 5A) to drive Fcγ receptor-independent phagocytosis, potentially circumventing the negative impact of FcγRIIB. First, we established the effectiveness of such an approach by constructing bispecific antibodies that simultaneously target CLEC5A and live B cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated its in vivo application for regulatory T cell depletion and subsequent tumor regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivekananda Kedage
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Diego Ellerman
- Department of Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mingjian Fei
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wei-Ching Liang
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gu Zhang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eric Cheng
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yongmei Chen
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Haochu Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Minhong Yan
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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47
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Ueha T, Kusuda M, Shibata S, Hirata M, Ozaki N. [Pharmacological actions of anifrolumab (Saphnelo ®) and clinical trial results as a treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2022; 157:271-279. [PMID: 35781459 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.22026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease which causes damaging inflammation in multiple organs via the accumulation of immune complexes. SLE pathogenesis is associated with type I interferons (IFNs), which are central and reflective of disease activity in SLE. Even before clinical development of disease, genetic and environmental contributions to IFN production lead to abnormal innate and adaptive immune activation. Through the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway, IFN play a central role in the immunopathogenicity of SLE. Thus, IFN-blocking therapy may be used to regulate inflammation in individuals with SLE. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved anifrolumab (Saphnelo®), which is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody that binds to subunit 1 of the type I interferon receptor with high specificity and affinity, was also approved for the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe SLE who are receiving standard therapy by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Device Agency (PMDA), in Japan in September 2021; anifrolumab is administered as an intravenous infusion, 300 mg over a 30-minute period, every 4 weeks. In this article, we reviewed the actions of type I IFN and anifrolumab as a treatment for SLE.
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48
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Hioe CE, Li G, Liu X, Tsahouridis O, He X, Funaki M, Klingler J, Tang AF, Feyznezhad R, Heindel DW, Wang XH, Spencer DA, Hu G, Satija N, Prévost J, Finzi A, Hessell AJ, Wang S, Lu S, Chen BK, Zolla-Pazner S, Upadhyay C, Alvarez R, Su L. Non-neutralizing antibodies targeting the immunogenic regions of HIV-1 envelope reduce mucosal infection and virus burden in humanized mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010183. [PMID: 34986207 PMCID: PMC8765624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are principal immune components elicited by vaccines to induce protection from microbial pathogens. In the Thai RV144 HIV-1 vaccine trial, vaccine efficacy was 31% and the sole primary correlate of reduced risk was shown to be vigorous antibody response targeting the V1V2 region of HIV-1 envelope. Antibodies against V3 also were inversely correlated with infection risk in subsets of vaccinees. Antibodies recognizing these regions, however, do not exhibit potent neutralizing activity. Therefore, we examined the antiviral potential of poorly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against immunodominant V1V2 and V3 sites by passive administration of human mAbs to humanized mice engrafted with CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, followed by mucosal challenge with an HIV-1 infectious molecular clone expressing the envelope of a tier 2 resistant HIV-1 strain. Treatment with anti-V1V2 mAb 2158 or anti-V3 mAb 2219 did not prevent infection, but V3 mAb 2219 displayed a superior potency compared to V1V2 mAb 2158 in reducing virus burden. While these mAbs had no or weak neutralizing activity and elicited undetectable levels of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), V3 mAb 2219 displayed a greater capacity to bind virus- and cell-associated HIV-1 envelope and to mediate antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) and C1q complement binding as compared to V1V2 mAb 2158. Mutations in the Fc region of 2219 diminished these effector activities in vitro and lessened virus control in humanized mice. These results demonstrate the importance of Fc functions other than ADCC for antibodies without potent neutralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina E. Hioe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Guangming Li
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ourania Tsahouridis
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Xiuting He
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Masaya Funaki
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jéromine Klingler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alex F. Tang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Roya Feyznezhad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Daniel W. Heindel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Hong Wang
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System–Manhattan, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David A. Spencer
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Guangnan Hu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Namita Satija
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ann J. Hessell
- Division of Pathobiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Benjamin K. Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Susan Zolla-Pazner
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chitra Upadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Raymond Alvarez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Lishan Su
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis, and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis and Immunotherapy, Division of Virology, Pathogenesis and Cancer, Institute of Human Virology, Departments of Pharmacology and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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49
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Wilkinson I, Anderson S, Fry J, Julien LA, Neville D, Qureshi O, Watts G, Hale G. Fc-engineered antibodies with immune effector functions completely abolished. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260954. [PMID: 34932587 PMCID: PMC8691596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Elimination of the binding of immunoglobulin Fc to Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) is highly desirable for the avoidance of unwanted inflammatory responses to therapeutic antibodies and fusion proteins. Many different approaches have been described in the literature but none of them completely eliminates binding to all of the Fcγ receptors. Here we describe a set of novel variants having specific amino acid substitutions in the Fc region at L234 and L235 combined with the substitution G236R. They show no detectable binding to Fcγ receptors or to C1q, are inactive in functional cell-based assays and do not elicit inflammatory cytokine responses. Meanwhile, binding to FcRn, manufacturability, stability and potential for immunogenicity are unaffected. These variants have the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and Fc fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wilkinson
- Absolute Antibody Ltd, Wilton, United Kingdom
- mAbsolve Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeremy Fry
- ProImmune Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Neville
- Reading Scientific Services Limited, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gary Watts
- Abzena Limited, Babraham, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Hale
- mAbsolve Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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50
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Wu HH, Ralph KL, Sepuldeva E, Hansen G, Li H, Huang ZF, Liu D, Dziegelewski M, Ahlberg J, Frego L, Fogal S, van Tongeren S, Grimaldi C, Litzenberger T, Presky D, Singh S, Brodeur S, Kroe-Barrett R. An optimally designed anti-human CD40 antibody with potent B cell suppression for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121162. [PMID: 34624444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies targeting the CD40-CD40L pathway have great potential for treating autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), lupus nephritis (LN), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, in addition to the known difficulty in generating a purely antagonistic CD40 antibody, the presence of CD40 and CD40L on platelets creates additional unique challenges for the safety, target coverage, and clearance of antibodies targeting this pathway. Previously described therapeutic antibodies targeting this pathway have various shortcomings, and the full therapeutic potential of this axis has yet to be realized. Herein, we describe the generation and characterization of BI 655064, a novel, purely antagonistic anti-CD40 antibody that potently neutralizes CD40-CD40L-dependent B-cell stimulation without evidence of impacting platelet functions. This uniquely optimized antibody targeting a highly challenging pathway was obtained by applying stringent functional and biophysical criteria during the lead selection process. BI 655064 has favorable target-mediated drug disposition (TMDD)-saturation pharmacokinetics, consistent with that of a high-quality therapeutic monoclonal antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Haixia Wu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Kerry-Leigh Ralph
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Cancer Immunology & Immune Modulation, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Eliud Sepuldeva
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Gale Hansen
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Hua Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Zhong-Fu Huang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Dongmei Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Michael Dziegelewski
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer Ahlberg
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Lee Frego
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Steve Fogal
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Immunology & Respiratory, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Susan van Tongeren
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Nonclinical Drug Safety, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Christine Grimaldi
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Tobias Litzenberger
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Translational Medicine & Clinical Pharmacology, Biberach, B-W, Germany
| | | | - Sanjaya Singh
- Janssen Biotherapeutics at Johnson & Johnson. Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Scott Brodeur
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies at Johnson & Johnson. New Jersey, PA, USA
| | - Rachel Kroe-Barrett
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Biotherapeutics Molecule Discovery, Ridgefield, CT, USA
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