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Zhan Z, Chen H, Liao X, Wu S, Lei X, Xu Q, Cao H, Qin Q, Wei J. Singapore grouper iridovirus VP128 inhibits STING-TBK1 mediated signaling to evade antiviral immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109774. [PMID: 39019127 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) belongs to the family Iridoviridae and the genus Ranavirus, which is a large cytoplasmic DNA virus. Infection of grouper with SGIV can cause hemorrhage and swelling of the spleen of the fish. Previous work on genome annotation demonstrated that SGIV contained numerous uncharacterized or hypothetical open reading frames (ORFs), whose functions remained largely unknown. In the present study, the protein encoded by SGIV ORF128 (VP128) was identified. VP128 is predominantly localized within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Overexpression of VP128 significantly promoted SGIV replication. VP128 inhibited the interferon (IFN)-3 promoter activity and mRNA level of IFN-related genes induced by poly(I:C), Epinephelus coioides cyclic GMP/AMP synthase (EccGAS)/stimulator of IFN genes (EcSTING), and TANK-binding kinase 1 (EcTBK1). Moreover, VP128 interacted with EcSTING and EcTBK1. The interaction between VP128 and EcSTING was independent of any specific structural domain of EcSTING. Together, our results demonstrated that SGIV VP128 negatively regulated the IFN response by inhibiting EcSTING-EcTBK1 signaling for viral evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouling Zhan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaoxia Lei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiongyue Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Helong Cao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266000, China.
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
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Lei YR, He JY, Fu XM, Huang CF, Lin YX, Dai LL, Chen ZA, Zhang ZP, Liu FM, Qin QW, Sun HY. Epinephelus coioides Sec3 promotes Singapore grouper iridovirus infection by negatively regulates immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 152:109784. [PMID: 39067495 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Exocyst, a protein complex, plays a crucial role in various cellular functions, including cell polarization, migration, invasion, cytokinesis, and autophagy. Sec3, known as Exoc1, is a key subunit of the Exocyst complex and can be involved in cell survival and apoptosis. In this study, two subtypes of Sec3 were isolated from Epinephelus coioides, an important marine fish in China. The role of E. coioides Sec3 was explored during Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection, an important pathogen of marine fish which could induce 90 % mortality. E. coioides Sec3 sequences showed a high similarity with that from other species, indicating the presence of a conserved Sec3 superfamily domain. E. coioides Sec3 mRNA could be detected in all examined tissues, albeit at varying expression levels. SGIV infection could upregulate E. coioides Sec3 mRNA. Upregulated Sec3 significantly promoted SGIV-induced CPE, and the expressions of viral key genes. E. coioides Sec3 could inhibit the activation of NF-κB and AP-1, as well as SGIV-induced cell apoptosis. The results illustrated that E. coioides Sec3 promotes SGIV infection by regulating the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Rong Lei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Yang He
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Mei Fu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Cui-Fen Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yun-Xiang Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Li-Ling Dai
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Zi-An Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ze-Peng Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Fu-Min Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yan Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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Chokmangmeepisarn P, Azmai MNA, Domingos JA, van Aerle R, Bass D, Prukbenjakul P, Senapin S, Rodkhum C. Genome Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Scale Drop Disease Virus Isolated from Asian Seabass ( Lates calcarifer). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2097. [PMID: 39061559 PMCID: PMC11274154 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Scale drop disease virus (SDDV), a double-stranded DNA virus in the family Iridoviridae, has been reported widely in southeast Asian countries as a causative agent of scale drop syndrome (SDS) in Asian seabass. SDS has resulted in high mortality and significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. This study demonstrated the use of metagenomic methods to investigate bacterial and viral communities present in infected fish tissues and recover a complete genome of the causative agent named SDDV TH7_2019. Characterization of the TH7_2019 genome revealed a genome size of 131 kb with 134 putative ORFs encoding viral proteins potentially associated with host apoptosis manipulation. A comparative genome analysis showed a high degree of amino acid identity across SDDV strains, with variations in number of repeat sequences and mutations within core genes. Phylogenetic analyses indicate a close relationship among SDDV genomes. This research enhances our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationship of SDDV, contributing valuable insights for further development of effective control strategies of SDDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putita Chokmangmeepisarn
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Noor Amal Azmai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Aquatic Animal Health and Therapeutics Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jose A. Domingos
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore 387370, Singapore;
| | - Ronny van Aerle
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
| | - David Bass
- International Centre of Excellence for Aquatic Animal Health, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences (Cefas), Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK; (R.v.A.); (D.B.)
- Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QY, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Pochara Prukbenjakul
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore 387370, Singapore;
- Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Khlong Nueng, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Channarong Rodkhum
- Center of Excellence in Fish Infectious Diseases (CE FID), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Wang Y, Liu S, Wang W, Liu L, Zhao Y, Qin Q, Huang X, Huang Y. SGIV VP82 inhibits the interferon response by degradation of IRF3 and IRF7. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 150:109611. [PMID: 38734119 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
During virus-host co-evolution, viruses have developed multiple strategies to dampen IFN response and prevent its antiviral activity in host cells. To date, the interactions between host IFN response and the immune evasion strategies exploited by fish iridoviruses still remain largely uncertain. Here, a potential immune evasion protein candidate of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), VP82 (encoded by SGIV ORF82) was screened and its roles during viral replication were investigated in detail. Firstly, VP82 overexpression dramatically decreased IFN or ISRE promoter activity and the transcription levels of IFN stimulated genes (ISGs) stimulated by grouper cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (EccGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (EcSTING), TANK-binding kinase 1 (EcTBK1), IFN regulatory factor 3 (EcIRF3)and EcIRF7. Secondly, Co-IP assays indicated that VP82 interacted with EcIRF3 and EcIRF7, but not EcSTING and EcTBK1, which was consistent with the co-localization between VP82 and EcIRF3 or EcIRF7. Furthermore, VP82 promoted the degradation of EcIRF3 and EcIRF7 in a dose-dependent manner via the autophagy pathway. Finally, VP82 overexpression accelerated SGIV replication, evidenced by the increased transcriptions of viral core genes and viral production. Moreover, the antiviral action of EcIRF3 or EcIRF7 was significantly depressed in VP82 overexpressed cells. Together, VP82 was speculated to exert crucial roles for SGIV replication by inhibiting the IFN response via the degradation of IRF3 and IRF7. Our findings provided new insights into understanding the immune evasion strategies utilized by fish iridovirus through IFN regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shanxing Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenji Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China
| | - Lin Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China.
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou, 511464, China.
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Kang S, Xu Z, Liu S, Wu S, Chen H, Xu L, Qin Q, Wei J. Function analysis of fish PACT gene in response to virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 144:109304. [PMID: 38103849 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
PACT (interferon-inducible double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase activator A) is a cellular protein which can activate PKR in dsRNA-independent manner. However, the role of PACT in fish virus infection remains largely unknown. In this study, a PACT homologue from grouper (Epinephelus coioides)(EcPACT) was cloned and characterized. The open reading frame of EcPACT has a full length of 924 bp and encodes a protein of 307 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 33.29 kDa. Similar to mammals, EcPACT contains three dsRBD domains. EcPACT shares 99.67 % homology with E. lanceolatus. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that EcPACT mRNA was widely expressed in all tissues and abundantly expressed in brain, blood, head kidney and kidney. In addition, SGIV and RGNNV infection significantly upregulated the transcript levels of EcPACT. Subcellular localization analysis showed that EcPACT was mainly distributed in the nucleus. Overexpression of EcPACT inhibited the replication of SGIV and RGNNV in vitro and positively regulated the expression of interferon (IFN) and pro-inflammatory factors. The results provide a better understanding of the relationship between PACT and viral infection in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhu Kang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Zhuqing Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Linting Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
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6
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Wang L, Li Q, Wen X, Zhang X, Wang S, Qin Q. Dissecting the early and late endosomal pathways of Singapore grouper iridovirus by single-particle tracking in living cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128336. [PMID: 38013078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Iridoviruses are large DNA viruses that infect a wide range of invertebrates and lower vertebrates, causing serious threats to ecological security and aquaculture industry worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying intracellular transport of iridovirus remain unknown. In this study, the transport of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) in early endosomes (EEs) and late endosomes (LEs) was explored by single-particle tracking technology. SGIV employs EEs to move rapidly from the cell membrane to the nucleus, and this long-range transport is divided into "slow-fast-slow" stages. SGIV within LEs mainly underwent oscillatory movements near the nucleus. Furthermore, SGIV entered newly formed EEs and LEs, respectively, possibly based on the interaction between the viral major capsid protein and Rab5/Rab7. Importantly, interruption of EEs and LEs by the dominant negative mutants of Rab5 and Rab7 significantly inhibited the movement of SGIV, suggesting the important roles of Rab5 and Rab7 in virus transport. In addition, it seems that SGIV needs to enter clathrin-coated vesicles to move from actin to microtubules before EEs carry the virus moving along microtubules. Together, our results for the first time provide a model whereby iridovirus transport depending on EEs and LEs, helping to clarify the mechanism underlying iridovirus infection, and provide a convenient tactic to investigate the dynamic infection of large DNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Oceanology and meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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7
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Liu S, Lei X, Cao H, Xu Z, Wu S, Chen H, Xu L, Zhan Z, Xu Q, Wei J, Qin Q. Antiviral role of grouper FoxO1 against RGNNV and SGIV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 142:109168. [PMID: 37844852 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
As a key regulator of the innate immune system, FoxO1 has a variety of activities in biological organisms. In the present study, grouper FoxO1 (EcFoxO1) was cloned and the antiviral activity in red grouper neuron necrosis virus (RGNNV) and Singapore grouper iridescent virus (SGIV) was examined. The open reading frame (ORF) of EcFoxO1 contains 2,034 base pairs that encode a protein of 677 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 73.21 kDa. EcFoxO1 was shown to be broadly distributed in healthy grouper tissues, and was up-regulated in vitro in response to stimulation by RGNNV and SGIV. EcFoxO1 has a whole-cell distribution in grouper spleen (GS) cells. EcFoxO1 decreased the replication of RGNNV and SGIV, and activated interferon (IFN) 3, IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) promoter activities. EcFoxO1 could interact with EcIRF3. Together, the results demonstrated that EcFoxO1 might be an important regulator of grouper innate immune response against RGNNV and SGIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Xiaoxia Lei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Helong Cao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Zhuqing Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Linting Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Zhouling Zhan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Qiongyue Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute,Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511400,China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
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8
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Xu L, Liu M, Chen H, Zhang L, Xu Q, Zhan Z, Xu Z, Liu S, Wu S, Zhang X, Qin Q, Wei J. Singapore grouper iridovirus VP122 targets grouper STING to evade the interferon immune response. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 140:108990. [PMID: 37558148 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a highly pathogenic Iridoviridae that causes hemorrhage and spleen enlargement in grouper. Despite previous genome annotation efforts, many open reading frames (ORFs) in SGIV remain uncharacterized, with largely unknown functions. In this study, we identified the protein encoded by SGIV ORF122, now referred to as VP122. Notably, overexpression of VP122 promoted SGIV replication. Moreover, VP122 exhibited antagonistic effects on the natural antiviral immune response through the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. It specifically inhibited the cGAS-STING-triggered transcription of various immune-related genes, including IFN1, IFN2, ISG15, ISG56, PKR, and TNF-α in GS cells. Additionally, VP122 significantly inhibited the activation of the ISRE promoter mediated by EccGAS and EcSTING but had no effect on EccGAS or EcSTING alone. Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting experiments revealed that VP122 specifically interacts with EcSTING but not EccGAS. Notably, this interaction between VP122 and EcSTING was independent of any specific domain of EcSTING. Furthermore, VP122 inhibited the self-interaction of EcSTING. Interestingly, VP122 did not affect the recruitment of EcTBK1 and EcIRF3 to the EcSTING complex. Collectively, our results demonstrate that SGIV VP122 targets EcSTING to evade the type I interferon immune response, revealing a crucial role for VP122 in modulating the host-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linting Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengke Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Luhao Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiongyue Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhouling Zhan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhuqing Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaoli Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 528478, China.
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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9
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Zhang X, Wu S, Liu Z, Chen H, Liao J, Wei J, Qin Q. Grouper RIP2 inhibits Singapore grouper iridovirus infection by modulating ASC-caspase-1 interaction. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1185907. [PMID: 37223098 PMCID: PMC10200930 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1185907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Receptor interacting protein 2 (RIP2), serves as a vital sensor of cell stress, is able to respond to cell survival or inflammation, and is involved in antiviral pathways. However, studies on the property of RIP2 in viral infections in fish have not been reported. Methods In this paper, we cloned and characterized RIP2 homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcRIP2) and further discussed the relevance of EcRIP2 to EcASC, comparing the influences of EcRIP2 and EcASC on the modulation of inflammatory factors and the NF-κB activation to reveal the mechanism of EcRIP2 in fish DNA virus infection. Results Encoded a 602 amino acid protein, EcRIP2 contained two structural domains: S-TKc and CARD. Subcellular localization signified that EcRIP2 existed in cytoplasmic filaments and dot aggregation patterns. After SGIV infection, the EcRIP2 filaments aggregated into larger clusters near the nucleus. The infection of SGIV could notably up-regulate the transcription level of the EcRIP2 gene compared with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and red grouper nerve necrosis virus (RGNNV). Overexpression of EcRIP2 impeded SGIV replication. The elevated expression levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by SGIV were remarkably hindered by EcRIP2 treatment in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, EcASC treatment could up-regulate SGIV-induced cytokine expression in the presence of EcCaspase-1. Enhancing amounts of EcRIP2 could overcome the down regulatory effect of EcASC on NF-κB. Nevertheless, increasing doses of EcASC failed to restrain the NF-κB activation in the existence of EcRIP2. Subsequently, it was validated by a co-immunoprecipitation assay that EcRIP2 dose-dependently competed with EcASC binding to EcCaspase-1. With increasing time to SGIV infection, EcCaspase-1 gradually combined with more EcRIP2 than EcASC. Discussion Collectively, this paper highlighted that EcRIP2 may impede SGIV-induced hyperinflammation by competing with EcASC for binding EcCaspase-1, thereby suppressing viral replication of SGIV. Our work supplies novel viewpoints into the modulatory mechanism of RIP2-associated pathway and offers a novel view of RIP2-mediated fish diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetian Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Kuz CA, Ozsahin E, Nalcacioglu R, Demirbag Z. Transcriptional Analysis of the Gene Encoding the Putative Myristoylated Membrane Protein (ORF458R) of Invertebrate Iridescent Virus 6 (IIV6). Mol Biol 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893323030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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11
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Liao J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Xu Z, Kang S, Xu L, Chen H, Sun M, Wu S, Qin Q, Wei J. Characterization and functional analysis of GSK3β from Epinephelus coioides in Singapore grouper iridovirus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:549-558. [PMID: 36273516 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is a crucial regulator of several signaling pathways and plays a vital role in cell proliferation, growth, apoptosis, and immune responses. However, the role of GSK3β during viral infection in teleosts remains largely unknown. In the present study, a GSK3β homologue from Epinephelus coioides (EcGSK3β) was cloned and characterized. The open reading frame of EcGSK3β consists of 1323 bp, encoding a 440 amino acid protein, with a predicted molecular mass of 48.23 kDa. Similar to its mammalian counterpart, EcGSK3β contains an S_TKc domain. EcGSK3β shares 99.77% homology with the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus). Quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that EcGSK3β mRNA was broadly expressed in all tested tissues, with abundant expression in the skin, blood, and intestines. Additionally, the expression of EcGSK3β increased after Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection in grouper spleen (GS) cells. Intracellular localization analysis demonstrated that EcGSK3β is mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. EcGSK3β overexpression promoted SGIV replication during viral infection in vitro. In contrast, silencing of EcGSK3β inhibited SGIV replication. EcGSK3β significantly downregulated the activities of interferon-β, interferon-sensitive response element, and NF-κB. Taken together, these findings are important for a better understanding of the function of GSK3β in fish and reveal its involvement in the host response to viral immune challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Liao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Luhao Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhuqing Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaozhu Kang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Linting Xu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mengshi Sun
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Siting Wu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 528478, China.
| | - Jingguang Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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Singapore Grouper Iridovirus VP131 Drives Degradation of STING-TBK1 Pathway Proteins and Negatively Regulates Antiviral Innate Immunity. J Virol 2022; 96:e0068222. [PMID: 36190239 PMCID: PMC9599571 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00682-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Iridoviruses are large DNA viruses which cause great economic losses to the aquaculture industry and serious threats to ecological diversity worldwide. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), a novel member of the genus Ranavirus, causes high mortality in grouper aquaculture. Previous work on genome annotation demonstrated that SGIV contained numerous uncharacterized or hypothetical open reading frames (ORFs), whose functions remained largely unknown. Here, we reported that the protein encoded by SGIV ORF131R (VP131) was localized predominantly within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Ectopic expression of GFP-VP131 significantly enhanced SGIV replication, while VP131 knockdown decreased viral infection in vitro, suggesting that VP131 functioned as a proviral factor during SGIV infection. Overexpression of GFP-VP131 inhibited the interferon (IFN)-1 promoter activity and mRNA level of IFN-related genes induced by poly(I:C), Epinephelus coioides cyclic GMP/AMP synthase (EccGAS)/stimulator of IFN genes (EcSTING), TANK-binding kinase 1 (EcTBK1), or melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (EcMDA5), whereas such activation induced by mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (EcMAVS) was not affected. Moreover, VP131 interacted with EcSTING and degraded EcSTING through both the autophagy-lysosome pathway and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and targeted for the K63-linked ubiquitination. Of note, we also found that EcSTING significantly accelerated the formation of GFP-VP131 aggregates in co-transfected cells. Finally, GFP-VP131 inhibited EcSTING- or EcTBK1-induced antiviral activity upon red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. Together, our results demonstrated that the SGIV VP131 negatively regulated the IFN response by inhibiting EcSTING-EcTBK1 signaling for viral evasion. IMPORTANCE STING has been identified as a critical factor participating in the innate immune response which recruits and phosphorylates TBK1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) to induce IFN production and defend against viral infection. However, viruses also distort the STING-TBK1 pathway to negatively regulate the IFN response and facilitate viral replication. Here, we reported that SGIV VP131 interacted with EcSTING within the ER and degraded EcSTING, leading to the suppression of IFN production and the promotion of SGIV infection. These results for the first time demonstrated that fish iridovirus evaded the host antiviral response via abrogating the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway.
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Andrias davidianus Ranavirus (ADRV) Genome Replicate Efficiently by Engaging Cellular Mismatch Repair Protein MSH2. Viruses 2022; 14:v14050952. [PMID: 35632694 PMCID: PMC9142936 DOI: 10.3390/v14050952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses, replication of ranaviruses (genus Ranavirus, family Iridoviridae) involves a series of viral and host proteins. We have described that the replication and transcription machinery of Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) which was isolated from the Chinese giant salamander contained host factors. Here, a new host factor, the MutS homolog 2 (MSH2), was proved as an important protein that participated in ADRV infection. Expression of MSH2 was stable during ADRV infection in cultured cells and it localized at the cytoplasmic viral factories and colocalized with virus nascent DNA, indicating its possible role in virus genome replication. Investigation of the viral proteins that interacted with MSH2 by co-immunoprecipitation showed that A. davidianus MSH2 can interact with ADRV-35L (possible components associated with virus transcription), ADRV-47L (virus DNA polymerase), and ADRV-98R. Further knockdown MSH2 expression by RNAi significantly reduced the late gene expression of ADRV. Additionally, MSH2 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 significantly reduced viral titers, genome replication, and late gene transcription of ADRV. Thus, the current study proved that ADRV can engage cellular MSH2 for its efficient genome replication and late gene transcription, which provided new information for understanding the roles of host factors in ranavirus replication and transcription.
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Li PH, He JY, Cai YJ, Wei YS, Zhu XL, Yang JDH, Yang SQ, Zhou S, Qin QW, Sun HY. Molecular cloning, inducible expression and function analysis of Epinephelus coioides Sec6 response to SGIV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 124:462-471. [PMID: 35483595 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exocyst complex component 3 Sec6 of mammals, one of the components of the exocyst complex, participates in numerous cellular functions, such as promoting cell migration and inhibiting apoptosis. In this study, the Sec6 was obtained from Epinephelus coioides, an economically important cultured fish. The full length of E. coioides Sec6 was 2655 bp including a 245 bp 5' UTR, a 154 bp 3' UTR, and a 2256 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 751 amino acids, with a molecular mass of 86.76 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.57. Sec6 mRNA was detected in all the tissues examined, but the expression level is different in these tissues. Using fluorescence microscopy, Sec6 were distributed in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. After SGIV infection, the expression of E. coioides Sec6 was significantly up-regulated in both trunk kidney and spleen response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), an important pathogens of E. coioides. Sec6 could increase the SGIV-induced cytopathic effects (CPE), the expression of the SGIV genes VP19, LITAF, MCP, ICP18 and MCP, and the viral titers. Besides, E. coioides Sec6 significantly downregulated the promoter of NF-κB and AP-1, and inhibited the SGIV-induced apoptosis. The results demonstrated that E. coioides Sec6 might play important roles in SGIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hong Li
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jia-Yang He
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yi-Jie Cai
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Yu-Si Wei
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Xiang-Long Zhu
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Jia-Deng-Hui Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Shi-Qi Yang
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yan Sun
- University Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, PR China.
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15
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Chen J, Wang L, Huang J, Li X, Guan L, Wang Q, Yang M, Qin Q. Functional analysis of a novel MHC-Iα genotype in orange-spotted grouper: Effects on Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) replication and apoptosis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:487-497. [PMID: 35077868 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The classical major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-Ⅰ) molecule plays a key role in vertebrate immune response for its important functions in antigen presentation and immune regulation. MHC pathway is closely related to many diseases involving autoimmunity, antigen intrusion and inflammation. However, rare literatures about the effect of MHC-I on fish cells apoptosis were reported. In this study, a novel type of MHC-Ⅰα genotype from orange-spotted grouper (named EcMHC-ⅠA*01) were cloned and characterized. It shared a 77% identity to its Epinephelus coioides MHC-Iα homology that has been uploaded to NCBI (ACZ97571.1). Molecular characterization analysis showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 encodes a 357-amino-acid protein, containing a signal peptide,α1,α2,α3, Cytoplasmic (Cyt) and Transmembrane (TM) domains. Tissue expression pattern showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 was extensively distributed in twelve selected tissues, with higher expression in the gill, intestine and skin. The expression of EcMHC-ⅠA*01 in grouper liver and spleen tissues were significantly induced by different stimuli (Zymosan A, LPS, Ploy I:C, RGNNV and SGIV). Comparing with the EcMHC-ⅠA*01 expression levels induced by Zymosan A, Ploy I:C and RGNNV, the effects induced by SGIV and LPS were more significant. Subcellular localization analysis showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 localizes throughout the cytoplasm appeared both diffuse and focal intracellular expression pattern. Overexpression of EcMHC-ⅠA*01 inhibited the CPE progression, the mRNA expression of the SGIV related genes (MCP, LITAF, ICP-18 and VP19) and the protein expression of MCP. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR result showed that EcMHC-ⅠA*01 overexpression upregulated the expression of interferon signaling molecules (IFN-γ, ISG56, MDA5 and MXI) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and TRAF6). In addition, our results showed that overexpression of EcMHC-ⅠA*01 promoted the apoptosis of normal fathead minnow (FHM) cells as well as the apoptosis of FHM cells induced by SGIV. However, there was no significant change in the activity of caspase 3 between control group and EcMHC-ⅠA*01 overexpression group, suggesting that EcMHC-ⅠA*01-induced apoptosis may not depend on the caspase 3 pathway. Taken together, these data in our study provide new insights into the role of MHC-I in antiviral immune response and apoptosis in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Chen
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianling Huang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xinshuai Li
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lingfeng Guan
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qing Wang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Min Yang
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- University of JointLaboratory of Guangdong Province, Hong Kong and Macao Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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You Y, Xu L, Li F, Yang F. Proteomic analysis of the Decapod iridescent virus 1. Virus Res 2022; 311:198686. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Girdhar K, Powis A, Raisingani A, Chrudinová M, Huang R, Tran T, Sevgi K, Dogus Dogru Y, Altindis E. Viruses and Metabolism: The Effects of Viral Infections and Viral Insulins on Host Metabolism. Annu Rev Virol 2021; 8:373-391. [PMID: 34586876 PMCID: PMC9175272 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-102416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there have been tremendous efforts to understand the cross-talk between viruses and host metabolism. Several studies have elucidated the mechanisms through which viral infections manipulate metabolic pathways including glucose, fatty acid, protein, and nucleotide metabolism. These pathways are evolutionarily conserved across the tree of life and extremely important for the host's nutrient utilization and energy production. In this review, we focus on host glucose, glutamine, and fatty acid metabolism and highlight the pathways manipulated by the different classes of viruses to increase their replication. We also explore a new system of viral hormones in which viruses mimic host hormones to manipulate the host endocrine system. We discuss viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides and their potential effects on host metabolism. Together, these pathogenesis mechanisms targeting cellular signaling pathways create a multidimensional network of interactions between host and viral proteins. Defining and better understanding these mechanisms will help us to develop new therapeutic tools to prevent and treat viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyati Girdhar
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Amaya Powis
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Amol Raisingani
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Ruixu Huang
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Tu Tran
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Kaan Sevgi
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Yusuf Dogus Dogru
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
| | - Emrah Altindis
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA;
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Su YL, Jiang YF, Chen HJ, Ye S, Zhou WH, Liu HP, Dong JD, Wei JG, Qin QW, Sun H. Molecular characterization, expression and function analysis of Epinephelus coioides MKK4 response to SGIV and Vibrio alginolyticus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:104020. [PMID: 33476669 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 (MKK4), a member of the MAP kinase family, play important roles in response to many environmental and cellular stresses in mammals. In this study, three MKK4 subtypes, EcMKK4-1, EcMKK4-2 and EcMKK4-3, were obtained from grouper Epinephelus coioides. The open reading frame (ORF) of EcMKK4s are obtained and the EcMKK4s proteins contain highly conserved domains: a S_TKc domain, a canonical diphosphorylation group and two conserved MKKK ATP binding motifs, Asp-Phe-Gly (DFG) and Ala-Pro-Glu (APE). EcMKK4s could be found both in the cytoplasmic and nuclear. The EcMKK4s mRNA were detected in all E. coioides tissues examined with the different expression levels, and the expression were up-regulated during SGIV (Singapore grouper iridescent virus) or Vibrio alginolyticus infection. EcMKK4 could significantly reduce the activation of AP-1 reporter gene. The results suggested that EcMKK4s might play important roles in pathogen-caused inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Su
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Jining No.1 People's Hospital; Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, 272111, PR China
| | - He-Jia Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shi Ye
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Wei-Hua Zhou
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Hong-Ping Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jun-De Dong
- Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Jing-Guang Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Hongyan Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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FATAL RANAVIRUS INFECTION IN A GROUP OF ZOO-HOUSED MELLER'S CHAMELEONS ( TRIOCEROS MELLERI). J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 50:696-705. [PMID: 33517641 DOI: 10.1638/2018-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A group of five juvenile Meller's chameleons (Trioceros melleri) experienced 100% mortality over a period of 1 mo due to ranavirus infection. The index case was found dead without premonitory signs. The three subsequent cases presented with nonspecific clinical signs (lethargy, decreased appetite, ocular discharge) and were ultimately euthanatized. The final case died after initially presenting with skin lesions. Postmortem examination revealed thin body condition in all five animals and mild coelomic effusion and petechiae affecting the tongue and kidneys of one animal. Microscopically, all animals had multifocal necrosis of the spleen, liver, and kidney; four of five animals had necrosis of the nasal cavity; and two of five had necrosis of adrenal tissue, bone marrow, and skin. Numerous basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions were present in the liver of all animals and nasal mucosa of three of the five animals. Consensus polymerase chain reaction for herpesvirus and adenovirus were negative, whereas ranavirus quantitative polymerase chain reaction was positive. Virus isolation followed by whole genome sequencing and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis classified the isolates as a strain of frog virus 3 (FV3) most closely related to an FV3 isolate responsible for a previous outbreak in the zoo's eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) group. This case series documents the first known occurrence of ranavirus-associated disease in chameleons and demonstrates the potential for interspecies transmission between chelonian and squamate reptiles.
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Sun HY, Su YL, Li PH, He JY, Chen HJ, Wang G, Wang SW, Huang XH, Huang YH, Qin QW. The Roles of Epinephelus coioides miR-122 in SGIV Infection and Replication. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:294-307. [PMID: 33570690 PMCID: PMC8032594 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10023-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, mature miR-122 is 22 nucleotides long and can be involved in regulating a variety of physiological and biological pathways. In this study, the expression profile and effects of grouper Epinephelus coioides miR-122 response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) infection were investigated. The sequences of mature microRNAs (miRNAs) from different organisms are highly conserved, and miR-122 from E. coioides exhibits high similarity to that from mammals and other fish. The expression of miR-122 was up-regulated during SGIV infection. Up-regulation of miR-122 could significantly enhance the cytopathic effects (CPE) induced by SGIV, the transcription levels of viral genes (MCP, VP19, LITAF and ICP18), and viral replication; reduce the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-a, IL-6, and IL-8), and the activity of AP-1 and NF-κB, and miR-122 can bind the target gene p38α MAPK to regulate the SGIV-induced cell apoptosis and the protease activity of caspase-3. The results indicated that SGIV infection can up-regulate the expression of E. coioides miR-122, and up-regulation of miR-122 can affect the activation of inflammatory factors, the activity of AP-1 and NF-κB, and cell apoptosis to regulate viral replication and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ling Su
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pin-Hong Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yang He
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Jia Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Wen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Hua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Province, 510642, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Zheng J, Huang L, Wang S, Huang X, Qin Q, Huang Y. Grouper Interferon-Induced Transmembrane Protein 1 Inhibits Iridovirus and Nodavirus Replication by Regulating Virus Entry and Host Lipid Metabolism. Front Immunol 2021; 12:636806. [PMID: 33767703 PMCID: PMC7985356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.636806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are novel viral restriction factors which inhibit numerous virus infections by impeding viral entry into target cells. To investigate the roles of IFITMs during fish virus infection, we cloned and characterized an IFITM1 homolog from orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcIFITM1) in this study. EcIFITM1 encodes a 131-amino-acid polypeptide, which shares 64 and 43% identity with Seriola dumerili and Homo sapiens, respectively. The multiple sequence alignment showed that EcIFITM1 contained five domains, including NTD (aa 1–45), IMD (aa 46–67), CIL (aa 68–93), TMD (aa 94–119), and CTD (aa 120–131). In vitro, the level of EcIFITM1 mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated in response to Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), or red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection. EcIFITM1 encoded a cytoplasmic protein, which was partly colocalized with early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes. The ectopic expression of EcIFITM1 significantly inhibited the replication of SGIV or RGNNV, which was demonstrated by the reduced virus production, as well as the levels of viral gene transcription and protein expression. In contrast, knockdown of EcIFITM1 using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) promoted the replication of both viruses. Notably, EcIFITM1 exerted its antiviral activity in the step of viral entry into the host cells. Furthermore, the results of non-targeted lipometabolomics showed that EcIFITM1 overexpression induced lipid metabolism remodeling in vitro. All of the detected ceramides were significantly increased following EcIFITM1 overexpression, suggesting that EcIFITM1 may suppress SGIV entry by regulating the level of ceramide in the lysosomal system. In addition, EcIFITM1 overexpression positively regulated both interferon-related molecules and ceramide synthesis-related genes. Taken together, our results demonstrated that EcIFITM1 exerted a bi-functional role, including immune regulation and lipid metabolism in response to fish virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liwei Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Moreira M, Schrama D, Farinha AP, Cerqueira M, Raposo de Magalhães C, Carrilho R, Rodrigues P. Fish Pathology Research and Diagnosis in Aquaculture of Farmed Fish; a Proteomics Perspective. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E125. [PMID: 33430015 PMCID: PMC7827161 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main constraints in aquaculture production is farmed fish vulnerability to diseases due to husbandry practices or external factors like pollution, climate changes, or even the alterations in the dynamic of product transactions in this industry. It is though important to better understand and characterize the intervenients in the process of a disease outbreak as these lead to huge economical losses in aquaculture industries. High-throughput technologies like proteomics can be an important characterization tool especially in pathogen identification and the virulence mechanisms related to host-pathogen interactions on disease research and diagnostics that will help to control, prevent, and treat diseases in farmed fish. Proteomics important role is also maximized by its holistic approach to understanding pathogenesis processes and fish responses to external factors like stress or temperature making it one of the most promising tools for fish pathology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Moreira
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- IPMA—Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere, EPPO—Aquaculture Research Station, Av. Parque Natural da Ria Formosa s/n, 8700-194 Olhão, Portugal
| | - Denise Schrama
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ana Paula Farinha
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Cerqueira
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
| | - Cláudia Raposo de Magalhães
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Raquel Carrilho
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.S.); (A.P.F.); (M.C.); (C.R.d.M.); (R.C.)
- University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Characterization of viral insulins reveals white adipose tissue-specific effects in mice. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101121. [PMID: 33220491 PMCID: PMC7770979 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Members of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) superfamily are well conserved across the evolutionary tree. We recently showed that four viruses in the Iridoviridae family possess genes that encode proteins highly homologous to human insulin/IGF-1. Using chemically synthesized single-chain (sc), i.e., IGF-1-like, forms of the viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides (VILPs), we previously showed that they can stimulate human receptors. Because these peptides possess potential cleavage sites to form double chain (dc), i.e., more insulin-like, VILPs, in this study, we have characterized dc forms of VILPs for Grouper iridovirus (GIV), Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and Lymphocystis disease virus-1 (LCDV-1) for the first time. Methods The dcVILPs were chemically synthesized. Using murine fibroblast cell lines overexpressing insulin receptor (IR-A or IR-B) or IGF1R, we first determined the binding affinity of dcVILPs to the receptors and characterized post-receptor signaling. Further, we used C57BL/6J mice to study the effect of dcVILPs on lowering blood glucose. We designed a 3-h dcVILP in vivo infusion experiment to determine the glucose uptake in different tissues. Results GIV and SGIV dcVILPs bind to both isoforms of human insulin receptor (IR-A and IR-B) and to the IGF1R, and for the latter, show higher affinity than human insulin. These dcVILPs stimulate IR and IGF1R phosphorylation and post-receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo. Both GIV and SGIV dcVILPs stimulate glucose uptake in mice. In vivo infusion experiments revealed that while insulin (0.015 nmol/kg/min) and GIV dcVILP (0.75 nmol/kg/min) stimulated a comparable glucose uptake in heart and skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue, GIV dcVILP stimulated 2-fold higher glucose uptake in white adipose tissue (WAT) compared to insulin. This was associated with increased Akt phosphorylation and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) gene expression compared to insulin in WAT. Conclusions Our results show that GIV and SGIV dcVILPs are active members of the insulin superfamily with unique characteristics. Elucidating the mechanism of tissue specificity for GIV dcVILP will help us to better understand insulin action, design new analogs that specifically target the tissues and provide new insights into their potential role in disease. Viral insulin/IGF1-like peptides (VILPs) are microbial members of the insulin superfamily. VILPs bind to human IR and IGF1R and stimulate post-receptor signaling. Grouper iridovirus (GIV) VILP has white adipose tissue (WAT)-specific characteristics. GIV VILP stimulates increased glucose uptake in WAT via increased GLUT4 expression.
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Wu G, Lin Q, Lim TK, Zhang Y, Aweya JJ, Zhu J, Yao D. The interactome of Singapore grouper iridovirus protein ICP18 as revealed by proximity-dependent BioID approach. Virus Res 2020; 291:198218. [PMID: 33152380 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a large double-stranded DNA virus that is a major threat to grouper aquaculture. The pathogenesis of SGIV is not well understood so far. Previous studies have revealed that ICP18, an immediate early protein encoded by SGIV ORF086R gene, promotes viral replication by regulating cell proliferation and virus assembly. In the present study, the potential functions of ICP18 were further explored by probing into its interactors using a proximity-dependent BioID method. Since our in-house grouper embryonic cells (a natural host cell of SGIV) could not be efficiently transfected with the plasmid DNA, and the grouper genome data for mass spectrometry-based protein identification is not currently available, we chosen a non-permissive cell (HEK293 T) as a substitute for this study. A total of 112 cellular proteins that potentially bind to ICP18 were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Homology analysis showed that among these identified proteins, 110 candidate ICP18-interactors had homologous proteins in zebrafish (a host of SGIV), and shared high sequence identity. Further analysis revealed that the identified ICP18-interacting proteins modulate various cellular processes such as cell cycle and cell adhesion. In addition, the interaction between ICP18 and its candidate interactor, i.e., cyclin-dependent kinase1 (CDK1), was confirmed using Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and Pull-down assays. Collectively, our present data provides additional insight into the biological functions of ICP18 during viral infection, which could help in further unraveling the pathogenesis of SGIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochun Wu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qingsong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Teck Kwang Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jinghua Zhu
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Zhang Y, Huang Y, Wang L, Huang L, Zheng J, Huang X, Qin Q. Grouper interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits the infectivity of iridovirus and nodavirus by restricting viral entry. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:172-181. [PMID: 32531330 PMCID: PMC7283088 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) have been identified as important host restriction factors in mammals for the control of infection by multiple viruses. However, the antiviral functions of IFITMs against fish viruses remain largely uncertain. In this study, the IFITM3 homolog from orange spotted grouper (EcIFITM3) was cloned and its roles in grouper virus infection were investigated. The full-length cDNA of EcIFITM3 was 737 bp, which was composed of a 16 bp 5'-UTR, a 274 bp 3'-UTR, and a 447 bp ORF. EcIFITM3 encodes a 148-amino-acid polypeptide, which contains five domains, i.e., the N-terminal domain (aa 1-65), TM1 (aa 66-90), the cytoplasmic domain (aa 91-110), TM2 (aa 111-140), and the C-terminal domain (aa 141-148), and shares 78% and 47% identity with IFITM3 of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and human (Homo sapiens), respectively. EcIFITM3 mRNA was detected in 12 tissues of healthy groupers, with the highest expression levels in the head kidney. Additionally, the in vitro mRNA levels of EcIFITM3 were significantly upregulated by infection with Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) or red spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV), or treatment with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Subcellular localization analysis showed that EcIFITM3 was mainly distributed in the cell membrane of grouper cells. In vitro, the ectopic expression of EcIFITM3 inhibited SGIV and RGNNV infection, as demonstrated by the reduced severity of the cytopathic effect, decreased virus production, and low levels of viral mRNA and proteins. Consistently, knockdown of EcIFITM3 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) enhanced SGIV and RGNNV replication. EcIFITM3 overexpression and knockdown experiments both suggested that EcIFITM3 inhibits the infection of SGIV and RGNNV by restricting virus entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Liwei Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jiaying Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, China.
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Zhang X, Liu Z, Wu S, Sun M, Wei J, Qin Q. Fish RIP1 Mediates Innate Antiviral Immune Responses Induced by SGIV and RGNNV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1718. [PMID: 32849607 PMCID: PMC7417445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) is an essential sensor of cellular stress, which may respond to apoptosis or cell survival and participate in antiviral pathways. To investigate the roles of fish RIP1 in Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, a RIP1 homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcRIP1) was cloned and characterized. EcRIP1 encoded a 679 amino acid protein that shares 83.28% identity with that of Perca flavescens and contained a homologous N-terminal kinase (S-TKc) domain, a RIP isotype interaction motif (RHIM), and a C-terminal domain (DD). EcRIP1 was predominantly detected in immune tissues, and its expression was induced by RGNNV or SGIV infection in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that EcRIP1 was distributed in the cytoplasm with point-like uniform and dot-like aggregation forms. Overexpression of EcRIP1 inhibited SGIV and RGNNV replication and positively regulated the expression levels of interferon (IFN) and IFN-stimulated genes and pro-inflammatory factors. EcRIP1 may interact with grouper tumor necrosis factor receptor type 1-associated DEATH domain protein (EcTRADD) to promote SGIV-induced apoptosis, and interact with grouper Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain containing adapter inducing interferon-β (EcTRIF) and participate in Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 (MyD88)-independent toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. EcRIP1 may also interact with grouper tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) as intracellular linker proteins and mediate the signaling of various downstream signaling pathways, including NF-κB and IFN. These results suggest that EcRIP1 may inhibit SGIV and RGNNV infection by regulating apoptosis and various signaling molecules. Our study offers new insights into the regulatory mechanism of RIP1-related signaling, and provides a novel perspective on fish diseases mediated by RIP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zetian Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siting Wu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengshi Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Li C, Wang L, Liu J, Yu Y, Huang Y, Huang X, Wei J, Qin Q. Singapore Grouper Iridovirus (SGIV) Inhibited Autophagy for Efficient Viral Replication. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1446. [PMID: 32676067 PMCID: PMC7333352 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that occurs at basal levels to maintain cellular homeostasis. Most virus infections can alter the autophagy level, which functions as either a pro-viral or antiviral pathway, depending on the virus and host cells. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a novel fish DNA virus that has caused great economic losses for the marine aquaculture industry. In this study, we found that SGIV inhibited autophagy in grouper spleen (GS) cells which was evidenced by the changes of LC3-II, Beclin1 and p-mTOR levels. Further study showed that SGIV developed at least two strategies to inhibit autophagy: (1) increasing the cytoplasmic p53 level; and (2) encoding viral proteins (VP48, VP122, VP132) that competitively bind autophagy related gene 5 and mediately affect LC3 conversion. Moreover, activation of autophagy by rapamycin or overexpressing LC3 decreased SGIV replication. These results provide an antiviral strategy from the perspective of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yepin Yu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Yu Q, Liu M, Wei S, Xiao H, Wu S, Ke K, Huang X, Qin Q, Li P. Identification of Major Capsid Protein as a Potential Biomarker of Grouper Iridovirus-Infected Cells Using Aptamers Selected by SELEX. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2684. [PMID: 31849862 PMCID: PMC6901930 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers have important roles in disease pathogenesis, and serve as important disease indicators for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Grouper iridovirus is a nucleocytoplasmic DNA virus, which not only causes great economic losses in mariculture but also seriously threatens the global biodiversity. However, a lack of biomarkers has limited the progress in clarifying iridovirus pathogenesis. Here, we report novel molecular probes, aptamers, for specific identification of biomarkers in grouper iridovirus-infected cells. Aptamers are selected by SELEX, which is a completely different approach from conventional antibody-based methods for biomarkers discovery. Aptamer-based technology is the unique efficient selection for cell-specific target molecules, and helps find out new biomarkers without the knowledge of characteristics of proteins expressed on virus-infected cell surface. With the implementation of a two-step strategy (aptamer selection and biomarker discovery), combined with mass spectrometry, grouper iridovirus major capsid protein was ultimately identified as a potential biomarker of aptamer Q5 for grouper iridovirus infection. The specific interactions of aptamer Q5 and MCP were experimentally validated by several assays, including EMSA, co-localization of fluorescence by LSCM, binding competition tests, and siRNA silencing tests by flow cytometry. This aptamer-based method for biomarkers discovery developed with grouper iridovirus-infected cells could be applicable to other types of virus infection, markedly improve our studies of biomarker discovery and virus pathogenesis, and further facilitate the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches to treat virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanography, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shina Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Siting Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Ke Ke
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanography, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Marine Biotechnology, Guangxi Institute of Oceanography, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China.,College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pintilie G, Chen DH, Tran BN, Jakana J, Wu J, Hew CL, Chiu W. Segmentation and Comparative Modeling in an 8.6-Å Cryo-EM Map of the Singapore Grouper Iridovirus. Structure 2019; 27:1561-1569.e4. [PMID: 31447288 PMCID: PMC6853598 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
SGIV, or Singapore grouper iridovirus, is a large double-stranded DNA virus, reaching a diameter of 220 nm and packaging a genome of 140 kb. We present a 3D cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) icosahedral reconstruction of SGIV determined at 8.6-Å resolution. It reveals several layers including a T = 247 icosahedral outer coat, anchor proteins, a lipid bilayer, and the encapsidated DNA. A new segmentation tool, iSeg, was applied to extract these layers from the reconstructed map. The outer coat was further segmented into major and minor capsid proteins. None of the proteins extracted by segmentation have known atomic structures. We generated models for the major coat protein using three comparative modeling tools, and evaluated each model using the cryo-EM map. Our analysis reveals a new architecture in the Iridoviridae family of viruses. It shares similarities with others in the same family, e.g., Chilo iridescent virus, but also shows new features of the major and minor capsid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigore Pintilie
- Department of Bioengineering, and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Dong-Hua Chen
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bich Ngoc Tran
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Joanita Jakana
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jinlu Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Choy Leong Hew
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - Wah Chiu
- Department of Bioengineering, and of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Division of CryoEM and Bioimaging, SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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Xia LQ, Chen JL, Zhang HL, Cai J, Zhou S, Lu YS. Identification of virion-associated transcriptional transactivator (VATT) of SGIV ICP46 promoter and their binding site on promoter. Virol J 2019; 16:110. [PMID: 31481132 PMCID: PMC6724233 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iridoviruses are large DNA viruses that cause diseases in fish, amphibians and insects. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is isolated from cultured grouper and characterized as a ranavirus. ICP46 is defined to be a core gene of the family Iridoviridae and SGIV ICP46 was demonstrated to be an immediate-early (IE) gene associated with cell growth control and could contribute to virus replication in previous research. METHODS The transcription start site (TSS) and 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of SGIV ICP46 were determined using 5' RACE. The core promoter elements of ICP46s were analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. The core promoter region and the regulation model of SGIV ICP46 promoter were revealed by the construction of serially deleted promoter plasmids, transfections, drug treat and luciferase reporter assays. The identification of virion-associated transcriptional transactivator (VATT) that interact with SGIV ICP46 promoter and their binding site on promoter were performed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA), DNA pull-down assays and mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS SGIV ICP46 was found to have short 5'-UTR and a presumptive downstream promoter element (DPE), AGACA, which locates at + 36 to + 39 nt downstream of the TSS. The core promoter region of SGIV ICP46 located from - 22 to + 42 nt relative to the TSS. VATTs were involved in the promoter activation of SGIV ICP46 and further identified to be VP12, VP39, VP57 and MCP. A 10-base DNA sequence "ATGGCTTTCG" between the TSS and presumptive DPE was determined to be the binding site of the VATTs. CONCLUSION Our study showed that four VAATs (VP12, VP39, VP57 and MCP) might bind with the SGIV ICP46 promoter and be involved in the promoter activation. Further, the binding site of the VATTs on promoter was a 10-base DNA sequence between the TSS and presumptive DPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qun Xia
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Lin Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Lian Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Shan Lu
- Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China.
- College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen Public Service Platform for Evaluation of Marine Economic Animal Seedings, Shenzhen City, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animal, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong, China.
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Su YL, Chen JP, Mo ZQ, Zheng JY, Lv SY, Li PH, Wei YS, Liang YL, Wang SW, Yang M, Dan XM, Huang XH, Huang YH, Qin QW, Sun HY. A novel MKK gene (EcMKK6) in Epinephelus coioides: Identification, characterization and its response to Vibrio alginolyticus and SGIV infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:500-507. [PMID: 31247318 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 (MKK6) is one of the major important central regulatory proteins response to environmental and physiological stimuli. In this study, a novel MKK6, EcMKK6, was isolated from Epinephelus coioides, an economically important cultured fish in China and Southeast Asian counties. The open reading frame (ORF) of EcMKK6 is 1077 bp encoding 358 amino acids. EcMKK6 contains a serine/threonine protein kinase (S_TKc) domain, a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain, a conserved dual phosphorylation site in the SVAKT motif and a conserved DVD domain. By in situ hybridization (ISH) with Digoxigenin-labeled probe, EcMKK6 mainly located at the cytoplasm of cells, and a little appears in the nucleus. EcMKK6 mRNA can be detected in all eleven tissues examined, but the expression level is different in these tissues. After challenge with Vibrio alginolyticus and Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV), the transcription level of EcMKK6 was apparently up-regulated in the tissues examined. The data demonstrated that the sequence and the characters of EcMKK6 were conserved, EcMKK6 showed tissue-specific expression profiles in healthy grouper, and the expression was significantly varied after pathogen infection, indicating that EcMKK6 may play important roles in E. coioides during pathogen-caused inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Su
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jin-Peng Chen
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Ze-Quan Mo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Jia-Ying Zheng
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shun-You Lv
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Pin-Hong Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Si Wei
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yu-Lin Liang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Shao-Wen Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Xiao-Hong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - You-Hua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Qi-Wei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
| | - Hong-Yan Sun
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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In-depth proteomic profiling of the Singapore grouper iridovirus virion. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1889-1895. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Penny E, Brunetti CR. Localization of Frog Virus 3 Conserved Viral Proteins 88R, 91R, and 94L. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030276. [PMID: 30893834 PMCID: PMC6466111 DOI: 10.3390/v11030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the function of conserved viral genes is central to developing a greater understanding of important aspects of viral replication or pathogenesis. A comparative genomic analysis of the iridoviral genomes identified 26 core genes conserved across the family Iridoviridae. Three of those conserved genes have no defined function; these include the homologs of frog virus 3 (FV3) open reading frames (ORFs) 88R, 91R, and 94L. Conserved viral genes that have been previously identified are known to participate in a number of viral activities including: transcriptional regulation, DNA replication/repair/modification/processing, protein modification, and viral structural proteins. To begin to characterize the conserved FV3 ORFs 88R, 91R, and 94L, we cloned the genes and determined their intracellular localization. We demonstrated that 88R localizes to the cytoplasm of the cell while 91R localizes to the nucleus and 94L localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Penny
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
| | - Craig R Brunetti
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Dr, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada.
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Huang X, Wang S, Huang Y, Qin Q. Fish Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase Inhibits Virus Replication via Regulating Interferon Immune Response or Affecting Virus Entry. Front Immunol 2019; 10:322. [PMID: 30894855 PMCID: PMC6414437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H) is an interferon (IFN)-induced gene that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC), which exerts broad-spectrum antiviral function. To investigate the roles of fish CH25H in Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV) infection, we cloned and characterized a CH25H homolog from orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) (EcCH25H). EcCH25H encoded a 271-amino-acid polypeptide, with 86 and 59% homology with yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and humans, respectively. EcCH25H contained a conserved fatty acid (FA) hydroxylase domain and an ERG3 domain. EcCH25H expression was induced by RGNNV or SGIV infection, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or poly (I:C) treatment in vitro. Subcellular localization showed that EcCH25H and mutant EcCH25H-M were distributed in the cytoplasm and partly colocalized with the endoplasmic reticulum. SGIV and RGNNV replication was decreased by EcCH25H overexpression, which was reflected in the reduced severity of the cytopathic effect and a decrease in viral gene transcription, but replication of both viruses was increased by knockdown of EcCH25H. Besides, the antiviral activity was dependent on its enzymatic activity. Treatment with 25HC significantly inhibited replication of SGIV and RGNNV. EcCH25H overexpression positively regulated the IFN-related molecules and proinflammatory cytokines, and increased both IFN and ISRE promoter activities. Moreover, 25HC treatment significantly suppressed SGIV and RGNNV entry into host cells. The similar inhibitory effect on SGIV entry was observed in EcCH25H overexpression cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that EcCH25H inhibited SGIV and RGNNV infection by regulating IFN signaling molecules, and might also influence viral entry via an effect on cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Huang X, Wei S, Ni S, Huang Y, Qin Q. Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Is Required for Efficient Replication of Singapore Grouper Iridovirus. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2798. [PMID: 30534113 PMCID: PMC6275174 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) serves as the major intracellular pathway for protein degradation and plays crucial roles in several cellular processes. However, little is known about the potential actions of the UPS during fish virus infection. In this study, we elucidated the possible roles of UPS in the life cycle of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV); a large DNA virus that usually causes serious systemic diseases with high mortality in groupers. Data from transcriptomic analysis of differentially expressed genes illustrated that expression of 65 genes within the UPS pathway, including ubiquitin encoding, ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and proteasome, were up- or down-regulated during SGIV infection. Using different proteasome inhibitors, inhibition of the proteasome decreased SGIV replication in vitro, accompanied by inhibition of virus assembly site formation, and viral gene transcription and protein transportation. Over-expression of ubiquitin partly rescued the inhibitory effect of ubiquitin inhibitor on SGIV replication, suggesting that UPS was required for fish iridovirus infection in vitro. Viral or host proteins regulated by proteasome inhibition during SGIV infection were investigated with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Sixty-two differentially expressed proteins, including 15 viral and 47 host proteins, were identified after SGIV infection. The host proteins were involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation, metabolism, cytoskeleton, macromolecular biosynthesis, and signal transduction. Among them, 11 proteins were negatively regulated upon MG132 treatment during SGIV infection. This is believed to be the first study to provide evidence that UPS was essential for fish virus infection and replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shina Wei
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songwei Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Stilwell NK, Whittington RJ, Hick PM, Becker JA, Ariel E, van Beurden S, Vendramin N, Olesen NJ, Waltzek TB. Partial validation of a TaqMan real-time quantitative PCR for the detection of ranaviruses. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2018; 128:105-116. [PMID: 29733025 DOI: 10.3354/dao03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ranaviruses are globally emerging pathogens negatively impacting wild and cultured fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Although conventional and diagnostic real-time PCR (qPCR) assays have been developed to detect ranaviruses, these assays often have not been tested against the known diversity of ranaviruses. Here we report the development and partial validation of a TaqMan real-time qPCR assay. The primers and TaqMan probe targeted a conserved region of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene. A series of experiments using a 10-fold dilution series of Frog virus 3 (FV3) MCP plasmid DNA revealed linearity over a range of 7 orders of magnitude (107-101), a mean correlation coefficient (R2) of >0.99, and a mean efficiency of 96%. The coefficient of variation of intra- and inter-assay variability ranged from <0.1-3.5% and from 1.1-2.3%, respectively. The analytical sensitivity was determined to be 10 plasmid copies of FV3 DNA. The qPCR assay detected a panel of 33 different ranaviral isolates originating from fish, amphibian, and reptile hosts from all continents excluding Africa and Antarctica, thereby representing the global diversity of ranaviruses. The assay did not amplify highly divergent ranaviruses, members of other iridovirus genera, or members of the alloherpesvirus genus Cyprinivirus. DNA from fish tissue homogenates previously determined to be positive or negative for the ranavirus Epizootic hematopoietic necrosis virus by virus isolation demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity of 95% and a diagnostic specificity of 100%. The reported qPCR assay provides an improved expedient diagnostic tool and can be used to elucidate important aspects of ranaviral pathogenesis and epidemiology in clinically and sublinically affected fish, amphibians, and reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie K Stilwell
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Invertebrate Iridoviruses: A Glance over the Last Decade. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040161. [PMID: 29601483 PMCID: PMC5923455 DOI: 10.3390/v10040161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the family Iridoviridae (iridovirids) are large dsDNA viruses that infect both invertebrate and vertebrate ectotherms and whose symptoms range in severity from minor reductions in host fitness to systemic disease and large-scale mortality. Several characteristics have been useful for classifying iridoviruses; however, novel strains are continuously being discovered and, in many cases, reliable classification has been challenging. Further impeding classification, invertebrate iridoviruses (IIVs) can occasionally infect vertebrates; thus, host range is often not a useful criterion for classification. In this review, we discuss the current classification of iridovirids, focusing on genomic and structural features that distinguish vertebrate and invertebrate iridovirids and viral factors linked to host interactions in IIV6 (Invertebrate iridescent virus 6). In addition, we show for the first time how complete genome sequences of viral isolates can be leveraged to improve classification of new iridovirid isolates and resolve ambiguous relations. Improved classification of the iridoviruses may facilitate the identification of genus-specific virulence factors linked with diverse host phenotypes and host interactions.
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Viral insulin-like peptides activate human insulin and IGF-1 receptor signaling: A paradigm shift for host-microbe interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:2461-2466. [PMID: 29467286 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant biological entities and carry a wide variety of genetic material, including the ability to encode host-like proteins. Here we show that viruses carry sequences with significant homology to several human peptide hormones including insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-1 and -2, FGF-19 and -21, endothelin-1, inhibin, adiponectin, and resistin. Among the strongest homologies were those for four viral insulin/IGF-1-like peptides (VILPs), each encoded by a different member of the family Iridoviridae VILPs show up to 50% homology to human insulin/IGF-1, contain all critical cysteine residues, and are predicted to form similar 3D structures. Chemically synthesized VILPs can bind to human and murine IGF-1/insulin receptors and stimulate receptor autophosphorylation and downstream signaling. VILPs can also increase glucose uptake in adipocytes and stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts, and injection of VILPs into mice significantly lowers blood glucose. Transfection of mouse hepatocytes with DNA encoding a VILP also stimulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling and DNA synthesis. Human microbiome studies reveal the presence of these Iridoviridae in blood and fecal samples. Thus, VILPs are members of the insulin/IGF superfamily with the ability to be active on human and rodent cells, raising the possibility for a potential role of VILPs in human disease. Furthermore, since only 2% of viruses have been sequenced, this study raises the potential for discovery of other viral hormones which, along with known virally encoded growth factors, may modify human health and disease.
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Jia K, Yuan Y, Liu W, Liu L, Qin Q, Yi M. Identification of Inhibitory Compounds Against Singapore Grouper Iridovirus Infection by Cell Viability-Based Screening Assay and Droplet Digital PCR. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2018; 20:35-44. [PMID: 29209860 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-017-9785-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is one of the major causative agents of fish diseases and has caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. There is currently no commercial vaccine or effective antiviral treatment against SGIV infection. Annually, an increasing number of small molecule compounds from various sources have been produced, and many are proved to be potential inhibitors against viruses. Here, a high-throughput in vitro cell viability-based screening assay was developed to identify antiviral compounds against SGIV using the luminescent-based CellTiter-Glo reagent in cultured grouper spleen cells by quantificational measurement of the cytopathic effects induced by SGIV infection. This assay was utilized to screen for potential SGIV inhibitors from five customized compounds which had been reported to be capable of inhibiting other viruses and 30 compounds isolated from various marine organisms, and three of them [ribavirin, harringtonine, and 2-hydroxytetradecanoic acid (2-HOM)] were identified to be effective on inhibiting SGIV infection, which was further confirmed with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). In addition, the ddPCR results revealed that ribavirin and 2-HOM inhibited SGIV replication and entry in a dose-dependent manner, and harringtonine could reduce SGIV replication rather than entry at the working concentration without significant toxicity. These findings provided an easy and reliable cell viability-based screening assay to identify compounds with anti-SGIV effect and a way of studying the anti-SGIV mechanism of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntong Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongming Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Meisheng Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Chinchar V, Waltzek TB, Subramaniam K. Ranaviruses and other members of the family Iridoviridae: Their place in the virosphere. Virology 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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41
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Jin YL, Chen LM, Le Y, Li YL, Hong YH, Jia KT, Yi MS. Establishment of a cell line with high transfection efficiency from zebrafish Danio rerio embryos and its susceptibility to fish viruses. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2017; 91:1018-1031. [PMID: 28833122 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A cell line ZBE3 isolated from a continuous cell culture derived from zebrafish Danio rerio blastomeres by clonal growth was characterized. ZBE3 cells had been subcultured for >120 passages since the initial primary culture of the blastomeres. The ZBE3 cells grow stably at temperature from 20 to 32° C with an optimum temperature of 28° C in ESM2 or ESM4 medium with 15% foetal bovine serum (FBS). The optimum FBS concentration for ZBE3 cell growth ranged from 15 to 20%. Cytogenetical analysis indicated that the modal chromosome number of ZBE3 cells was 50, the same as the diploid chromosome number of D. rerio. Significant cytopathic effect was observed in ZBE3 cells after infection with redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus, Singapore grouper iridovirus and grass carp reovirus, and the viral replication in the cells was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and transmission electron microscopy, indicating the susceptibility of ZBE3 cells to the three fish viruses. After transfected with pEGFP-N3 plasmid, ZBE3 cells showed a transfection efficiency of about 40% which was indicated by the percentage of cells expressing green fluorescence protein. The stable growth, susceptibility to fish viruses as well as high transfection efficiency make ZBE3 cells be a useful tool in transgenic manipulation, fish virus-host cell interaction and immune response in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - L M Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Y Le
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Y L Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Y H Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - K T Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - M S Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Zhuhai Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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42
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Li F, Xu L, Yang F. Genomic characterization of a novel iridovirus from redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus: evidence for a new genus within the family Iridoviridae. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2589-2595. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Limei Xu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources; Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources of State Oceanic Administration, Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
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43
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Low CF, Rozaini MZH, Musa N, Syarul Nataqain B. Current knowledge of metabolomic approach in infectious fish disease studies. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:1267-1277. [PMID: 28252175 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The approaches of transcriptomic and proteomic have been widely used to study host-pathogen interactions in fish diseases, and this is comparable to the recently emerging application of metabolomic in elucidating disease-resistant mechanisms in fish that gives new insight into potential therapeutic strategies to improve fish health. Metabolomic is defined as the large-scale study of all metabolites within an organism and represents the frontline in the 'omics' approaches, providing direct information on the metabolic responses and perturbations in metabolic pathways. In this review, the current research in infectious fish diseases using metabolomic approach will be summarized. The metabolomic approach in economically important fish infected with viruses, bacteria and nematodes will also be discussed. The potential of the metabolomic approach for management of these infectious diseases as well as the challenges and the limitations of metabolomic in fish disease studies will be explored. Current review highlights the impacts of metabolomic studies in infectious fish diseases, which proposed the potential of new therapeutic strategies to enhance disease resistance in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-F Low
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M Z H Rozaini
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - N Musa
- School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - B Syarul Nataqain
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Yu Y, Huang Y, Ni S, Zhou L, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhang X, Hu Y, Huang X, Qin Q. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) TNFR homolog VP51 functions as a virulence factor via modulating host inflammation response. Virology 2017; 511:280-289. [PMID: 28689858 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Virus encoded tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) homologues are usually involved in immune evasion by regulating host immune response or cell death. Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is a novel ranavirus which causes great economic losses in aquaculture industry. Previous studies demonstrated that SGIV VP51, a TNFR-like protein regulated apoptotic process in VP51 overexpression cells. Here, we developed a VP51-deleted recombinant virus Δ51-SGIV by replacing VP51 with puroR-GFP. Deletion of VP51 resulted in the decrease of SGIV virulence, evidenced by the reduced replication in vitro and the decreased cumulative mortalities in Δ51-SGIV challenged grouper compared to WT-SGIV. Moreover, VP51 deletion significantly increased virus induced apoptosis, and reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. In addition, the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes were decreased in Δ51-SGIV infected grouper compared to WT-SGIV. Thus, we speculate that SGIV VP51 functions as a critical virulence factor via regulating host cell apoptosis and inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yepin Yu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Songwei Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingcheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaohong Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510642, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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45
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Ni S, Yan Y, Cui H, Yu Y, Huang Y, Qin Q. Fish miR-146a promotes Singapore grouper iridovirus infection by regulating cell apoptosis and NF-κB activation. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:1489-1499. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Songwei Ni
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huachun Cui
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yepin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Youhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, PR China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266000, PR China
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Noumeavirus replication relies on a transient remote control of the host nucleus. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15087. [PMID: 28429720 PMCID: PMC5413956 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acanthamoeba are infected by a remarkable diversity of large dsDNA viruses, the infectious cycles of which have been characterized using genomics, transcriptomics and electron microscopy. Given their gene content and the persistence of the host nucleus throughout their infectious cycle, the Marseilleviridae were initially assumed to fully replicate in the cytoplasm. Unexpectedly, we find that their virions do not incorporate the virus-encoded transcription machinery, making their replication nucleus-dependent. However, instead of delivering their DNA to the nucleus, the Marseilleviridae initiate their replication by transiently recruiting the nuclear transcription machinery to their cytoplasmic viral factory. The nucleus recovers its integrity after becoming leaky at an early stage. This work highlights the importance of virion proteomic analyses to complement genome sequencing in the elucidation of the replication scheme and evolution of large dsDNA viruses. Large dsDNA viruses either replicate in or disrupt the nucleus to gain access to host RNA polymerases, or they rely on virus-encoded, packaged RNA polymerases. Here, the authors show that Noumeavirus replicates in the cytoplasm and relies on a transient recruitment of nuclear proteins to initiate replication.
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47
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Guo M, Wei J, Zhou Y, Qin Q. c-Jun N-terminal kinases 3 (JNK3) from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, inhibiting the replication of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and SGIV-induced apoptosis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 65:169-181. [PMID: 27422159 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
C-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), a subgroup of serine-threonine protein kinases that activated by phosphorylation, are involve in physiological and pathophysiological processes. JNK3 is one of JNK proteins involved in JNK3 signaling transduction. In the present study, two JNK3 isoforms, Ec-JNK3 X1 and Ec-JNK3 X2, were cloned from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. Both Ec-JNK3 X1 and Ec-JNK3 X2 were mainly expressed in liver, gill, skin, brain and muscle of juvenile grouper. The relative expression of Ec-JNK3 X2 mRNA was much higher in muscle and gill than that of Ec-JNK3 X1. Isoform-specific immune response to challenges was revealed by the expression profiles in vivo. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that JNK3 was localized in the cytoplasm of grouper spleen (GS) cells and shown immune response to SGIV infection in vitro. Over-expressing Ec-JNK3 X1 and/or Ec-JNK3 X2 inhibited the SGIV infection and replication and the SGIV-induced apoptosis. To achieve the antiviral and anti-apoptosis activities, JNK3 promoted the activation of genes ISRE and type I IFN in the antiviral IFN signaling pathway, and inhibited the activation of transcription factors NF-κB and p53 relating to apoptosis, respectively. Ec-JNK3 X2 showed stronger activities in antivirus and anti-apoptosis than that of Ec-JNK3 X1. Our results not only define the characterization of JNK3 but also reveal new immune functions and the molecular mechanisms of JNK3 on iridoviruses infection and the virus-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Price SJ. Comparative Genomics of Amphibian-like Ranaviruses, Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses of Poikilotherms. Evol Bioinform Online 2016; 11:71-82. [PMID: 27812275 PMCID: PMC5081246 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s33490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research on genome evolution of large DNA viruses has highlighted a number of incredibly dynamic processes that can facilitate rapid adaptation. The genomes of amphibian-like ranaviruses – double-stranded DNA viruses infecting amphibians, reptiles, and fish (family Iridoviridae) – were examined to assess variation in genome content and evolutionary processes. The viruses studied were closely related, but their genome content varied considerably, with 29 genes identified that were not present in all of the major clades. Twenty-one genes had evidence of recombination, while a virus isolated from a captive reptile appeared to be a mosaic of two divergent parents. Positive selection was also found to be acting on more than a quarter of Ranavirus genes and was found most frequently in the Spanish common midwife toad virus, which has had a severe impact on amphibian host communities. Efforts to resolve the root of this group by inclusion of an outgroup were inconclusive, but a set of core genes were identified, which recovered a well-supported species tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Price
- Genetics, Evolution and Environment department, UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK.; Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London (ZSL), London, UK
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49
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Guo M, Wei J, Zhou Y, Qin Q. MKK7 confers different activities to viral infection of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in grouper. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:419-427. [PMID: 27601297 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MKK7) is one of the major stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK)-activating kinases in response to environmental or physiological stimuli. Here a MKK7 named as Ec-MKK7 was identified from orange-spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides. The full-length cDNA of Ec-MKK7 was 1853 bp, with an open reading frame (ORF) of 1272 bp encoding a putative protein of 423 amino acids. A characteristic S-K-A-K-T motif was contained in the domain of dual-specificity protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 (PKc_MKK7). Intracellular localization showed that Ec-MKK7 was localized in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of grouper spleen (GS) and/or grouper brain (EAGB) cells. Moreover, Ec-MKK7 was universally expressed in all examined tissues and showed expression modulation to challenges of lipopolysacchride (LPS), Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) and polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (poly I:C) in vivo. A gene targeting strategy over-expressing Ec-MKK7 was performed to examine the activities of MKK7 to viral infection in vitro. Our data showed that Ec-MKK7 was involved in the evasion and replication of SGIV but played an antiviral role to the infection of nervous necrosis virus (NNV). All results demonstrated that Ec-MKK7 could play important roles in grouper innate immunity and show distinct functions on virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China
| | - Yongcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, PR China; College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510301, PR China.
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50
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Yuan Y, Wang Y, Liu Q, Zhu F, Hong Y. Singapore grouper iridovirus protein VP088 is essential for viral infectivity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31170. [PMID: 27498856 PMCID: PMC4976331 DOI: 10.1038/srep31170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection is a great challenge in healthcare and agriculture. The Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) is highly infectious to numerous marine fishes and increasingly threatens mariculture and wildlife conservation. SGIV intervention is not available because little is known about key players and their precise roles in SGVI infection. Here we report the precise role of VP088 as a key player in SGIV infection. VP088 was verified as an envelope protein encoded by late gene orf088. We show that SGIV could be neutralized with an antibody against VP088. Depletion or deletion of VP088 significantly suppresses SGIV infection without altering viral gene expression and host responses. By precisely quantifying the genome copy numbers of host cells and virions, we reveal that VP088 deletion dramatically reduces SGIV infectivity through inhibiting virus entry without altering viral pathogenicity, genome stability and replication and progeny virus release. These results pinpoint that VP088 is a key player in SGIV entry and represents an ideal target for SGIV intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongming Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yunzhi Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qizhi Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yunhan Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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