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Shan L, Wang Z, Wu L, Qian K, Peng G, Wei M, Tang B, Jun X. Statistical and network analyses reveal mechanisms for the enhancement of macrophage immunity by manganese in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101602. [PMID: 38155943 PMCID: PMC10753046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a significant infectious disease that poses a serious risk to human health. Our previous research has indicated that manganese ions reduce the bacterial load of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages, but the exact immune defense mechanism remains unknown. Several critical proteins and pathways involved in the host's immune response during this process are still unidentified. Our research aims to identify these proteins and pathways and provide a rationale for the use of manganese ions in the adjuvant treatment of tuberculosis. We downloaded GSE211666 data from the GEO database and selected the RM (Post-infection manganese ion treatment group) and Ra (single-infection group) groups for comparison and analysis to identify differential genes. These differential genes were then enriched and analyzed using STRING, Cytoscape, and NDEx tools to identify the two most relevant pathways of the "Host Response Signature Network." After conducting an in-depth analysis of these two pathways, we found that manganese ions mainly mediate (1) the interferon -gamma (IFN-γ) and its receptor IFNGR and the downstream JAK-STAT pathway and (2) the NFκB pathway to enhance macrophage response to interferon, autophagy, polarization, and cytokine release. Using qPCR experiments, we verified the increased expression of CXCL10, MHCII, IFNγ, CSF2, and IL12, all of which are cytokines that play a key role in resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, suggesting that macrophages enter a state of pro-inflammatory and activation after the addition of manganese ions, which enhances their immunosuppressive effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We conclude that our study provides evidence of manganese ion's ability to treat tuberculosis adjuvantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidong Shan
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
| | - Zihai Wang
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
| | - Lingshan Wu
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
| | - Kaiqiang Qian
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
| | - Guisen Peng
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
| | - MeiLi Wei
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
| | - Bikui Tang
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Immunology in Chronic Diseases, China
| | - Xi Jun
- College of Life Science, Bengbu Medical University, China
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2
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Ma Q, Chen J, Kong X, Zeng Y, Chen Z, Liu H, Liu L, Lu S, Wang X. Interactions between CNS and immune cells in tuberculous meningitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326859. [PMID: 38361935 PMCID: PMC10867975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) harbors its own special immune system composed of microglia in the parenchyma, CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs), dendritic cells, monocytes, and the barrier systems within the brain. Recently, advances in the immune cells in the CNS provided new insights to understand the development of tuberculous meningitis (TBM), which is the predominant form of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection in the CNS and accompanied with high mortality and disability. The development of the CNS requires the protection of immune cells, including macrophages and microglia, during embryogenesis to ensure the accurate development of the CNS and immune response following pathogenic invasion. In this review, we summarize the current understanding on the CNS immune cells during the initiation and development of the TBM. We also explore the interactions of immune cells with the CNS in TBM. In the future, the combination of modern techniques should be applied to explore the role of immune cells of CNS in TBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shuihua Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Arango-Franco CA, Rojas J, Firacative C, Agudelo CI, Franco JL, Casanova JL, Puel A, Lizarazo J, Castañeda E, Arias AA. Autoantibodies neutralizing GM-CSF in HIV-negative Colombian patients infected with Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3873029. [PMID: 38313298 PMCID: PMC10836105 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3873029/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or C. gattii. Autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in otherwise healthy adults with cryptococcal meningitis have been described since 2013. We searched for neutralizing auto-Abs in sera from Colombian patients with non-HIV related cryptococcosis in a retrospective national cohort collected from 1997 to 2016. Methods We reviewed clinical and laboratory records and assessed the presence of neutralizing auto-Abs in 30 HIV (-) adults presenting cryptococcosis (13 by C. gattii, and 17 by C. neoformans). Results We detected auto-Abs neutralizing GM-CSF in the plasma of 9 out of 13 (69%) patients infected with C. gattii and 1 out of 17 (6%) patients with C. neoformans. Conclusions We report ten Colombian patients with cryptococcosis due to auto-Abs neutralizing GM-CSF. Nine of the ten patients were infected with C. gattii, and only one with C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Puel
- INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children
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Kotov DI, Lee OV, Ji DX, Jaye DL, Suliman S, Gabay C, Vance RE. Immunosuppression is a conserved driver of tuberculosis susceptibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.27.564420. [PMID: 37961447 PMCID: PMC10634924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.27.564420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) causes 1.6 million deaths a year 1 . However, no individual mouse model fully recapitulates the hallmarks of human tuberculosis disease. Here we report that a comparison across three different susceptible mouse models identifies Mtb -induced gene signatures that predict active TB disease in humans significantly better than a signature from the standard C57BL/6 mouse model. An increase in lung myeloid cells, including neutrophils, was conserved across the susceptible mouse models, mimicking the neutrophilic inflammation observed in humans 2,3 . Myeloid cells in the susceptible models and non-human primates exhibited high expression of immunosuppressive molecules including the IL-1 receptor antagonist, which inhibits IL-1 signaling. Prior reports have suggested that excessive IL-1 signaling impairs Mtb control 4-6 . By contrast, we found that enhancement of IL-1 signaling via deletion of IL-1 receptor antagonist promoted bacterial control in all three susceptible mouse models. IL-1 signaling enhanced cytokine production by lymphoid and stromal cells, suggesting a mechanism for IL-1 signaling in promoting Mtb control. Thus, we propose that myeloid cell expression of immunosuppressive molecules is a conserved mechanism exacerbating Mtb disease in mice, non-human primates, and humans.
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Foreman TW, Nelson CE, Sallin MA, Kauffman KD, Sakai S, Otaizo-Carrasquero F, Myers TG, Barber DL. CD30 co-stimulation drives differentiation of protective T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20222090. [PMID: 37097292 PMCID: PMC10130742 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20222090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection requires generation of T cells that migrate to granulomas, complex immune structures surrounding sites of bacterial replication. Here we compared the gene expression profiles of T cells in pulmonary granulomas, bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood of Mtb-infected rhesus macaques to identify granuloma-enriched T cell genes. TNFRSF8/CD30 was among the top genes upregulated in both CD4 and CD8 T cells from granulomas. In mice, CD30 expression on CD4 T cells is required for survival of Mtb infection, and there is no major role for CD30 in protection by other cell types. Transcriptomic comparison of WT and CD30-/- CD4 T cells from the lungs of Mtb-infected mixed bone marrow chimeric mice showed that CD30 directly promotes CD4 T cell differentiation and the expression of multiple effector molecules. These results demonstrate that the CD30 co-stimulatory axis is highly upregulated on granuloma T cells and is critical for protective T cell responses against Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Foreman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christine E. Nelson
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michelle A. Sallin
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keith D. Kauffman
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shunsuke Sakai
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Francisco Otaizo-Carrasquero
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy G. Myers
- Genomic Technologies Section, Research Technologies Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L. Barber
- T Lymphocyte Biology Section, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Arango-Franco CA, Migaud M, Ramírez-Sánchez IC, Arango-Bustamante K, Moncada-Vélez M, Rojas J, Gervais A, Patiño-Giraldo S, Perez-Zapata LJ, Álvarez Álvarez JA, Orrego JC, Roncancio-Villamil G, Boisson-Dupuis S, Jouanguy E, Abel L, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Arias AA, Franco JL, Puel A. Anti-GM-CSF Neutralizing Autoantibodies in Colombian Patients with Disseminated Cryptococcosis. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:921-932. [PMID: 36821021 PMCID: PMC9947894 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01451-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptococcosis is a potentially life-threatening fungal disease caused by encapsulated yeasts of the genus Cryptococcus, mostly C. neoformans or C. gattii. Cryptococcal meningitis is the most frequent clinical manifestation in humans. Neutralizing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have recently been discovered in otherwise healthy adult patients with cryptococcal meningitis, mostly caused by C. gattii. We hypothesized that three Colombian patients with cryptococcal meningitis caused by C. neoformans in two of them would carry high plasma levels of neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF. METHODS We reviewed medical and laboratory records, performed immunological evaluations, and tested for anti-cytokine auto-Abs three previously healthy HIV-negative adults with disseminated cryptococcosis. RESULTS Peripheral blood leukocyte subset levels and serum immunoglobulin concentrations were within the normal ranges. We detected high levels of neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF in the plasma of all three patients. CONCLUSIONS We report three Colombian patients with disseminated cryptococcosis associated with neutralizing auto-Abs against GM-CSF. Further studies should evaluate the genetic contribution to anti-GM-CSF autoantibody production and the role of the GM-CSF signaling pathway in the immune response to Cryptococcus spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Arango-Franco
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Mélanie Migaud
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabel Cristina Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Karen Arango-Bustamante
- Medical and Experimental Mycology Unit, Corporation for Biological Research (CIB), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marcela Moncada-Vélez
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julián Rojas
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Adrian Gervais
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Santiago Patiño-Giraldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pablo Tobón Uribe Hospital, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lizeth J Perez-Zapata
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jesús A Álvarez Álvarez
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julio César Orrego
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Roncancio-Villamil
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Medellín, Colombia
- CardioVID Clinic, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Stéphanie Boisson-Dupuis
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Jouanguy
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurent Abel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for the Study of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Andrés A Arias
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- School of Health Sciences, Pontifical Bolivarian University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José Luis Franco
- Primary Immunodeficiencies Group, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias (IDPs), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 24 Boulevard du Montparnasse, Paris, France.
- Imagine Institute, University of Paris Cité, Paris, France.
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Kumar NP, Nancy AP, Moideen K, Menon PA, Banurekha VV, Nair D, Nott S, Babu S. Low body mass index is associated with diminished plasma cytokines and chemokines in both active and latent tuberculosis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1194682. [PMID: 37324745 PMCID: PMC10265642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1194682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Low body mass index (BMI) is a major risk factor for tuberculosis (PTB). Low BMI can impair the immune system and thus might affect TB incidence. Methods We examined the plasma levels of Type 1, Type 17, pro-inflammatory, Type 2 and regulatory cytokines and CC and CXC chemokines in PTB and latent TB (LTB) individuals with low BMI (LBMI) or normal BMI (NBMI). Results Our data show that PTB is associated with significantly lower levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL-17A, IL-6, IL-12, IL-4 and IL-5 cytokines but significantly higher levels of IL-10, TGFβ and GM-CSF in LBMI compared to NBMI. Similarly, PTB is also associated with significantly lower levels of CCL2, CCL3, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokines in LBMI compared to NBMI. Our data reveals that LTB is associated with significantly lower levels of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-2, IL1β, IL-12, IL-13 cytokines but significantly higher levels of IL-10, TGFβ, IL-4 and IL-22 in LBMI compared to NBMI. Similarly, LTB is also associated with significantly lower levels of CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL9 and CXCL10 and significantly higher levels of CCL1, CCL3, and CCL4 in LBMI compared to NBMI. Conclusion Thus, LBMI has a major impact on the cytokine and chemokine milieu of both PTB and LTB and might predispose to the increased risk of tuberculosis by this immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arul P. Nancy
- NIAID – International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Kadar Moideen
- NIAID – International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Pradeep A. Menon
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dina Nair
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Sujatha Nott
- Infectious Diseases, Dignity Health, Chandler, AZ, United States
| | - Subash Babu
- NIAID – International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
- LPD, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, United States
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Kim YJ, Park EJ, Lee SH, Silwal P, Kim JK, Yang JS, Whang J, Jang J, Kim JM, Jo EK. Dimethyl itaconate is effective in host-directed antimicrobial responses against mycobacterial infections through multifaceted innate immune pathways. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:49. [PMID: 36882813 PMCID: PMC9993662 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Itaconate, a crucial immunometabolite, plays a critical role in linking immune and metabolic functions to influence host defense and inflammation. Due to its polar structure, the esterified cell-permeable derivatives of itaconate are being developed to provide therapeutic opportunities in infectious and inflammatory diseases. Yet, it remains largely uncharacterized whether itaconate derivatives have potentials in promoting host-directed therapeutics (HDT) against mycobacterial infections. Here, we report dimethyl itaconate (DMI) as the promising candidate for HDT against both Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and nontuberculous mycobacteria by orchestrating multiple innate immune programs. RESULTS DMI per se has low bactericidal activity against Mtb, M. bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and M. avium (Mav). However, DMI robustly activated intracellular elimination of multiple mycobacterial strains (Mtb, BCG, Mav, and even to multidrug-resistant Mtb) in macrophages and in vivo. DMI significantly suppressed the production of interleukin-6 and -10, whereas it enhanced autophagy and phagosomal maturation, during Mtb infection. DMI-mediated autophagy partly contributed to antimicrobial host defenses in macrophages. Moreover, DMI significantly downregulated the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling during infection with Mtb, BCG, and Mav. CONCLUSION Together, DMI has potent anti-mycobacterial activities in macrophages and in vivo through promoting multifaceted ways for innate host defenses. DMI may bring light to new candidate for HDT against Mtb and nontuberculous mycobacteria, both of which infections are often intractable with antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hee Lee
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jeong Seong Yang
- Department of Research and Development, Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, 28158, South Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Department of Research and Development, Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC), The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis, Osong, 28158, South Korea
| | - Jichan Jang
- Division of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828, South Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea.
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9
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Day CL, Willis F, Staitieh BS, Campbell A, Martinson N, Gandhi NR, Auld SC. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cytokine responses according to HIV status among household contacts of people with TB. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102328. [PMID: 36871409 PMCID: PMC10040086 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a coordinated host response comprising both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines is critical for pathogen control. Although tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the impact of HIV infection on Mtb-specific immune responses remains unclear. In this cross-sectional study of TB-exposed household contacts with and without HIV, we collected remaining supernatant from interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) testing (QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus [QFT-Plus]) and measured Mtb-specific pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and regulatory cytokine responses with a multiplex assay of 11 analytes. While people with HIV had lower responses to mitogen stimulation for some cytokines (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], interleukin [IL]-2, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-22), there was no difference in cytokine levels for people with and without HIV following stimulation with Mtb-specific antigens. Future studies are necessary to explore whether changes in Mtb-specific cytokine responses over time are associated with distinct clinical outcomes following exposure to TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Day
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Fay Willis
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Bashar S Staitieh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Angela Campbell
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | - Neel R Gandhi
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sara C Auld
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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10
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Kim H, Shin SJ. Pathological and protective roles of dendritic cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Interaction between host immune responses and pathogen evasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:891878. [PMID: 35967869 PMCID: PMC9366614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.891878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are principal defense components that play multifactorial roles in translating innate immune responses to adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. The heterogeneous nature of DC subsets follows their altered functions by interacting with other immune cells, Mtb, and its products, enhancing host defense mechanisms or facilitating pathogen evasion. Thus, a better understanding of the immune responses initiated, promoted, and amplified or inhibited by DCs in Mtb infection is an essential step in developing anti-tuberculosis (TB) control measures, such as host-directed adjunctive therapy and anti-TB vaccines. This review summarizes the recent advances in salient DC subsets, including their phenotypic classification, cytokine profiles, functional alterations according to disease stages and environments, and consequent TB outcomes. A comprehensive overview of the role of DCs from various perspectives enables a deeper understanding of TB pathogenesis and could be useful in developing DC-based vaccines and immunotherapies.
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11
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Van Dis E, Fox DM, Morrison HM, Fines DM, Babirye JP, McCann LH, Rawal S, Cox JS, Stanley SA. IFN-γ-independent control of M. tuberculosis requires CD4 T cell-derived GM-CSF and activation of HIF-1α. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010721. [PMID: 35877763 PMCID: PMC9352196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevailing model of protective immunity to tuberculosis is that CD4 T cells produce the cytokine IFN-γ to activate bactericidal mechanisms in infected macrophages. Although IFN-γ-independent CD4 T cell based control of M. tuberculosis infection has been demonstrated in vivo it is unclear whether CD4 T cells are capable of directly activating macrophages to control infection in the absence of IFN-γ. We developed a co-culture model using CD4 T cells isolated from the lungs of infected mice and M. tuberculosis-infected murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) to investigate mechanisms of CD4 dependent control of infection. We found that even in the absence of IFN-γ signaling, CD4 T cells drive macrophage activation, M1 polarization, and control of infection. This IFN-γ-independent control of infection requires activation of the transcription factor HIF-1α and a shift to aerobic glycolysis in infected macrophages. While HIF-1α activation following IFN-γ stimulation requires nitric oxide, HIF-1α-mediated control in the absence of IFN-γ is nitric oxide-independent, indicating that distinct pathways can activate HIF-1α during infection. We show that CD4 T cell-derived GM-CSF is required for IFN-γ-independent control in BMDMs, but that recombinant GM-CSF is insufficient to control infection in BMDMs or alveolar macrophages and does not rescue the absence of control by GM-CSF-deficient T cells. In contrast, recombinant GM-CSF controls infection in peritoneal macrophages, induces lipid droplet biogenesis, and also requires HIF-1α for control. These results advance our understanding of CD4 T cell-mediated immunity to M. tuberculosis, reveal important differences in immune activation of distinct macrophage types, and outline a novel mechanism for the activation of HIF-1α. We establish a previously unknown functional link between GM-CSF and HIF-1α and provide evidence that CD4 T cell-derived GM-CSF is a potent bactericidal effector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Van Dis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Douglas M. Fox
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Huntly M. Morrison
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Fines
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Janet Peace Babirye
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Lily H. McCann
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sagar Rawal
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffery S. Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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12
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Muñoz-Durango N, Gómez A, García-Valencia N, Roldán M, Ochoa M, Bautista-Erazo DE, Ramírez-Pineda JR. A Mouse Model of Ulcerative Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis to Investigate Infection, Pathogenesis, Immunity, and Therapeutics. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:907631. [PMID: 35770175 PMCID: PMC9234518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.907631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A mouse model of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) by Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis (L(V)p) that reproduces the characteristics of the human disease remains elusive. Here we report the development of a CL model that uses a mouse-adapted L(V)p isolate to reproducibly induce a dermal disease with a remarkable similarity to human CL. BALB/c mice infected intradermally in the ear with 105 stationary UA-946 L(V)p promastigotes develop a progressive cutaneous disease that exhibits the typical ulcerated lesions with indurated borders observed in CL patients. Although most of parasites in the inoculum die within the first week of infection, the survivors vigorously multiply at the infection site during the following weeks, paralleling disease appearance and aggravation. Regional lymphadenopathy as well as lymphatic dissemination of parasites to draining lymph nodes (dLN) was evidenced early after infection. Viable parasites were also isolated from spleen at later timepoints indicating systemic parasitic dissemination, but, strikingly, no signs of systemic disease were observed. Increasing numbers of myeloid cells and T lymphocytes producing IFNγ and IL-4 were observed in the dLN as disease progressed. A mixed adaptive L(V)p-specific T cell-mediated response was induced, since ex vivo recall experiments using dLN cells and splenocytes revealed the production of type 1 (IFNγ, IL-2), type 2 (IL-4, IL-13), regulatory (IL-10), and inflammatory (GM-CSF, IL-3) cytokines. Humoral adaptive response was characterized by early production of IgG1- followed by IgG2a-type of L(V)p-specific antibodies. IFNγ/IL-4 and IgG2a/IgG1 ratios indicated that the initial non-protective Th2 response was redirected toward a protective Th1 response. In situ studies revealed a profuse recruitment of myeloid cells and of IFNγ- and IL-4-producing T lymphocytes to the site of infection, and the typical histopathological changes induced by dermotropic Leishmania species. Evidence that this model is suitable to investigate pharmacological and immunomodulatory interventions, as well as for antigen discovery and vaccine development, is also presented. Altogether, these results support the validity and utility of this novel mouse model to study the pathogenesis, immunity, and therapeutics of L(V)p infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alexander Gómez
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia García-Valencia
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Miguel Roldán
- Instituto de Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Marcela Ochoa
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales (PECET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David E. Bautista-Erazo
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José R. Ramírez-Pineda
- Grupo Inmunomodulación (GIM), Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de Medicina, Corporación Académica para el Estudio de Patologías Tropicales (CAEPT), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
- *Correspondence: José R. Ramírez-Pineda,
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13
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Matteucci KC, Correa AAS, Costa DL. Recent Advances in Host-Directed Therapies for Tuberculosis and Malaria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:905278. [PMID: 35669122 PMCID: PMC9163498 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and malaria, caused by parasites from the Plasmodium genus, are two of the major causes of death due to infectious diseases in the world. Both diseases are treatable with drugs that have microbicidal properties against each of the etiologic agents. However, problems related to treatment compliance by patients and emergence of drug resistant microorganisms have been a major problem for combating TB and malaria. This factor is further complicated by the absence of highly effective vaccines that can prevent the infection with either M. tuberculosis or Plasmodium. However, certain host biological processes have been found to play a role in the promotion of infection or in the pathogenesis of each disease. These processes can be targeted by host-directed therapies (HDTs), which can be administered in conjunction with the standard drug treatments for each pathogen, aiming to accelerate their elimination or to minimize detrimental side effects resulting from exacerbated inflammation. In this review we discuss potential new targets for the development of HDTs revealed by recent advances in the knowledge of host-pathogen interaction biology, and present an overview of strategies that have been tested in vivo, either in experimental models or in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kely C. Matteucci
- Plataforma de Medicina Translacional Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - André A. S. Correa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Diego L. Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Diego L. Costa,
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Mishra A, Singh VK, Jagannath C, Subbian S, Restrepo BI, Gauduin MC, Khan A. Human Macrophages Exhibit GM-CSF Dependent Restriction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection via Regulating Their Self-Survival, Differentiation and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859116. [PMID: 35634283 PMCID: PMC9134823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is an important cytokine that regulates the proliferation of monocytes/macrophages and its various functions during health and disease. Although growing evidences support the notion that GM-CSF could play a major role in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) infection, the mechanism of GM-CSF mediated protective effect against TB remains largely unknown. Here in this study we examined the secreted levels of GM-CSF by human macrophages from different donors along with the GM-CSF dependent cellular processes that are critical for control of M. tuberculosis infection. While macrophage of different donors varied in their ability to produce GM-CSF, a significant correlation was observed between secreted levels of GM-CSF, survial of macrophages and intra-macrophage control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. GM-CSF levels secreted by macrophages negatively correlated with the intra-macrophage M. tuberculosis burden, survival of infected host macrophages positively correlated with their GM-CSF levels. GM-CSF-dependent prolonged survival of human macrophages also correlated with significantly decreased bacterial burden and increased expression of self-renewal/cell-survival associated genes such as BCL-2 and HSP27. Antibody-mediated depletion of GM-CSF in macrophages resulted in induction of significantly elevated levels of apoptotic/necrotic cell death and a simultaneous decrease in autophagic flux. Additionally, protective macrophages against M. tuberculosis that produced more GM-CSF, induced a stronger granulomatous response and produced significantly increased levels of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-10 and decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In parallel, macrophages isolated from the peripheral blood of active TB patients exhibited reduced capacity to control the intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis and produced significantly lower levels of GM-CSF. Remarkably, as compared to healthy controls, macrophages of active TB patients exhibited significantly altered metabolic state correlating with their GM-CSF secretion levels. Altogether, these results suggest that relative levels of GM-CSF produced by human macrophages plays a critical role in preventing cell death and maintaining a protective differentiation and metabolic state of the host cell against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Blanca I. Restrepo
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Claire Gauduin
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Bharti R, Roy T, Verma S, Reddy DS, Shafi H, Verma K, Raman SK, Pal S, Azmi L, Singh AK, Ray L, Mugale MN, Misra A. Transient, inhaled gene therapy with gamma interferon mitigates pathology induced by host response in a mouse model of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2022; 134:102198. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Pulmonary granulomas are widely considered the epicenters of the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). Recent animal studies have revealed factors that either promote or restrict TB immunity within granulomas. These models, however, typically ignore the impact of preexisting immunity on cellular organization and function, an important consideration because most TB probably occurs through reinfection of previously exposed individuals. Human postmortem research from the pre-antibiotic era showed that infections in Mtb-naïve individuals (primary TB) versus those with prior Mtb exposure (postprimary TB) have distinct pathologic features. We review recent animal findings in TB granuloma biology, which largely reflect primary TB. We also discuss our current understanding of postprimary TB lesions, about which much less is known. Many knowledge gaps remain, particularly regarding how preexisting immunity shapes granuloma structure and local immune responses at Mtb infection sites. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 40 is April 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara B. Cohen
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Benjamin H. Gern
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin B. Urdahl
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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17
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Albumin fusion with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor acts as an immunotherapy against chronic tuberculosis. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2393-2401. [PMID: 32382128 PMCID: PMC8484439 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A long duration of treatment and emerging drug resistance pose significant challenges for global tuberculosis (TB) eradication efforts. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop novel strategies to shorten TB treatment regimens and to treat drug-resistant TB. Using an albumin-fusion strategy, we created a novel albumin-fused granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (albGM-CSF) molecule that harnesses albumin's long half-life and targeting abilities to enhance the biostability of GM-CSF and direct it to the lymph nodes, where the effects of GM-CSF can increase dendritic cell populations crucial for eliciting a potent immune response. In this study, we demonstrate that albGM-CSF serves as a novel immunotherapy for chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections by enhancing GM-CSF biostability in serum. Specifically, albumin is very safe, stable, and has a long half-life, thereby enhancing the biostability of GM-CSF. In the lungs and draining lymph nodes, albGM-CSF is able to increase the numbers of dendritic cells, which are crucial for the activation of naive T cells and for eliciting potent immune responses. Subcutaneous administration of albGM-CSF alone reduced the mean lung bacillary burden in mice with chronic tuberculosis infection. While GM-CSF administration was associated with IL-1β release from Mtb-infected dendritic cells and macrophages, higher IL-1β levels were observed in albGM-CSF-treated mice with chronic tuberculosis infection than in mice receiving GM-CSF. Albumin fusion with GM-CSF represents a promising strategy for the control of chronic lung tuberculosis infections and serves as a novel therapeutic vaccination platform for other infectious diseases and malignancies.
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18
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TCA cycle remodeling drives proinflammatory signaling in humans with pulmonary tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009941. [PMID: 34559866 PMCID: PMC8494353 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic signaling pathways that drive pathologic tissue inflammation and damage in humans with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) are not well understood. Using combined methods in plasma high-resolution metabolomics, lipidomics and cytokine profiling from a multicohort study of humans with pulmonary TB disease, we discovered that IL-1β-mediated inflammatory signaling was closely associated with TCA cycle remodeling, characterized by accumulation of the proinflammatory metabolite succinate and decreased concentrations of the anti-inflammatory metabolite itaconate. This inflammatory metabolic response was particularly active in persons with multidrug-resistant (MDR)-TB that received at least 2 months of ineffective treatment and was only reversed after 1 year of appropriate anti-TB chemotherapy. Both succinate and IL-1β were significantly associated with proinflammatory lipid signaling, including increases in the products of phospholipase A2, increased arachidonic acid formation, and metabolism of arachidonic acid to proinflammatory eicosanoids. Together, these results indicate that decreased itaconate and accumulation of succinate and other TCA cycle intermediates is associated with IL-1β-mediated proinflammatory eicosanoid signaling in pulmonary TB disease. These findings support host metabolic remodeling as a key driver of pathologic inflammation in human TB disease. Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) often results in pathologic lung inflammation that causes tissue damage and does not control bacterial replication. This impairs the host response to antibiotic treatment and can result in long term deficits in lung function. Currently, the role of host metabolism in regulating the inflammatory response in TB disease is not well understood. Here, we use detailed immunometabolic phenotyping to show that metabolic remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is closely associated with pathologic inflammatory signaling in humans with TB disease. Accumulation of TCA cycle intermediates in plasma, including the proinflammatory metabolite succinate, as well as decreased concentrations of the anti-inflammatory metabolite itaconate, were associated with increases in IL-1β and upregulation of proinflammatory lipid signaling cascades. This inflammatory network was upregulated following delays in appropriate anti-TB treatment and was associated with prolonged time to sputum culture clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our study provides new insights into the metabolic reprograming that leads to pathologic inflammation in humans with pulmonary TB.
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Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis can invade different cells with distinct persistence fates because cells are equipped with different host restriction factors. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we infected THP1 and Raw264.7 macrophages cell lines, A549 epithelial cell line, and hBMEC and bEnd.3 endothelial cell lines with M. tuberculosis and demonstrated that M. tuberculosis significantly inhibited lysosome acidification in THP1, hBMEC, A549, and Raw264.7 cells, while, in bEnd.3 cells, M. tuberculosis was mainly delivered into acidified phagolysosomes and auto-lysosomes. The systematic gene profile analysis of different cells and intracellular M. tuberculosis showed that the phagosome autophagy-pathway-related genes itgb3 and atg3 were highly expressed in bEnd.3 cells. Knockdown of these genes significantly increased the number of viable intracellular M. tuberculosis bacilli by altering phagosomal trafficking in bEnd.3 cells. Treatment with itgb3 agonist significantly decreased M. tuberculosis survival in vivo. These findings could facilitate the identification of anti-M. tuberculosis host genes and guide M. tuberculosis-resistant livestock breeding. IMPORTANCE As an intracellular pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis could avoid host cell immune clearance using multiple strategies for its long-term survival. Understanding these processes could facilitate the development of new approaches to restrict intracellular M. tuberculosis survival. Here, we characterized the detailed molecular events occurring during intracellular trafficking of M. tuberculosis in macrophage, epithelial, and endothelial cell lines and found that ITGB3 facilitates M. tuberculosis clearance in endothelial cells through altering phagosomal trafficking. Meanwhile, the treatment with ITGB3 agonist could reduce bacterial load in vivo. Our results identified new anti-M. tuberculosis restriction factors and illuminated a new anti-M. tuberculosis defense mechanism.
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Bai H, Meng ZR, Ying BW, Chen XR. Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis complicated with tuberculosis: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4400-4407. [PMID: 34141807 PMCID: PMC8173423 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i17.4400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease characterized by the accumulation of phospholipoproteinaceous material in the alveoli. Cases of PAP complicated with tuberculosis are much more complex and have rarely been well recorded.
CASE SUMMARY We describe a 21-year-old Han Chinese patient with suspicious lung infection associated with mild restrictive ventilatory dysfunction and diffusion reduction. High resolution computed tomography revealed a “crazy-paving” appearance and multiple pulmonary miliary nodules around the bronchi. Bronchoalveolar lavage demonstrated a small amount of periodic acid-Schiff positive proteinaceous materials. A serological test for the presence of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody and an interferon-gamma release assay were both positive. The patient received a standard course of first-line anti-tuberculosis treatment after diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage. To date, clinical remission has been achieved and maintained for five years.
CONCLUSION In summary, the diagnosis of PAP complicated with tuberculosis was supported by a combination of clinical manifestations, imaging, pulmonary function, laboratory examinations, bronchoalveolar lavage, etc. This case highlighted that diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavage in combination with anti-tuberculosis treatment is a safe and effective option for mild PAP patients with tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Bai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Rui Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin-Wu Ying
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xue-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
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Ravesloot-Chávez MM, Van Dis E, Stanley SA. The Innate Immune Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 39:611-637. [PMID: 33637017 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-093019-010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes >1.5 million deaths worldwide annually. Innate immune cells are the first to encounter M. tuberculosis, and their response dictates the course of infection. Dendritic cells (DCs) activate the adaptive response and determine its characteristics. Macrophages are responsible both for exerting cell-intrinsic antimicrobial control and for initiating and maintaining inflammation. The inflammatory response to M. tuberculosis infection is a double-edged sword. While cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1 are important for protection, either excessive or insufficient cytokine production results in progressive disease. Furthermore, neutrophils-cells normally associated with control of bacterial infection-are emerging as key drivers of a hyperinflammatory response that results in host mortality. The roles of other innate cells, including natural killer cells and innate-like T cells, remain enigmatic. Understanding the nuances of both cell-intrinsic control of infection and regulation of inflammation will be crucial for the successful development of host-targeted therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik Van Dis
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; ,
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; , .,Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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22
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Ruibal P, Voogd L, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff THM. The role of donor-unrestricted T-cells, innate lymphoid cells, and NK cells in anti-mycobacterial immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 301:30-47. [PMID: 33529407 PMCID: PMC8154655 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccination strategies against mycobacteria, focusing mostly on classical T‐ and B‐cells, have shown limited success, encouraging the addition of alternative targets. Classically restricted T‐cells recognize antigens presented via highly polymorphic HLA class Ia and class II molecules, while donor‐unrestricted T‐cells (DURTs), with few exceptions, recognize ligands via genetically conserved antigen presentation molecules. Consequently, DURTs can respond to the same ligands across diverse human populations. DURTs can be activated either through cognate TCR ligation or via bystander cytokine signaling. TCR‐driven antigen‐specific activation of DURTs occurs upon antigen presentation via non‐polymorphic molecules such as HLA‐E, CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin, leading to the activation of HLA‐E–restricted T‐cells, CD1‐restricted T‐cells, mucosal‐associated invariant T‐cells (MAITs), and TCRγδ T‐cells, respectively. NK cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which lack rearranged TCRs, are activated through other receptor‐triggering pathways, or can be engaged through bystander cytokines, produced, for example, by activated antigen‐specific T‐cells or phagocytes. NK cells can also develop trained immune memory and thus could represent cells of interest to mobilize by novel vaccines. In this review, we summarize the latest findings regarding the contributions of DURTs, NK cells, and ILCs in anti–M tuberculosis, M leprae, and non‐tuberculous mycobacterial immunity and explore possible ways in which they could be harnessed through vaccines and immunotherapies to improve protection against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruibal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Voogd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom H M Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Priyanto H, Chua E, Hutchinson P, Nugraha J, Amin M. A decrease in PPD specific CD4 T cell CD38 and HLA-DR expression in pulmonary tuberculosis patients after 8 weeks of therapy correlates with successful anti-tuberculosis treatment. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2021; 22:100214. [PMID: 33490641 PMCID: PMC7808949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in Indonesia with a million new cases each year. The CD4 T cell adaptive immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is central to the control of this disease. We investigated whether standard therapy of TB causes changes to these cells in the early stages of treatment. To do this we took blood samples from 2 groups of TB patients in Banda Aceh, Indonesia; one from a group of patients before treatment, and the other from a group who become smear negative after 8 weeks treatment. MTB specific CD4 T cells were identified by ex vivo stimulation with PPD and flow cytometric measurement of intracellular cytokines and surface markers. We found no difference in total PPD specific CD4 T cells between the groups, but that the proportion of these cells CD38 + HLA-DR+ was significantly lower in the treatment group. This decrease was not specific to Interferon gamma (IFNg), Interleukin-2 (IL-2) or Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) producing cells. Our findings show that anti-MTB treatment affects the adaptive immune response, and that measuring the decrease of the PPD specific CD4 T cell CD38+HLA-DR+ phenotype could be a useful parameter for determination of treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herry Priyanto
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
| | | | - Paul Hutchinson
- Flow Cytometry Laboratory, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jusak Nugraha
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Amin
- Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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24
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Type I IFN exacerbates disease in tuberculosis-susceptible mice by inducing neutrophil-mediated lung inflammation and NETosis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5566. [PMID: 33149141 PMCID: PMC7643080 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality due to infectious disease, but the factors determining disease progression are unclear. Transcriptional signatures associated with type I IFN signalling and neutrophilic inflammation were shown to correlate with disease severity in mouse models of TB. Here we show that similar transcriptional signatures correlate with increased bacterial loads and exacerbate pathology during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection upon GM-CSF blockade. Loss of GM-CSF signalling or genetic susceptibility to TB (C3HeB/FeJ mice) result in type I IFN-induced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation that promotes bacterial growth and promotes disease severity. Consistently, NETs are present in necrotic lung lesions of TB patients responding poorly to antibiotic therapy, supporting the role of NETs in a late stage of TB pathogenesis. Our findings reveal an important cytokine-based innate immune effector network with a central role in determining the outcome of M. tuberculosis infection. GM-CSF is involved in control over M. tuberculosis infection. Here the authors show that GM-CSF reduces type 1 interferon driven neutrophil recruitment, NETosis and bacterial growth in the lungs of infected mice, and provide evidence that this NETosis occurs in infected humans who are not responsive to antibiotic therapy.
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25
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Auld SC, Staitieh BS. HIV and the tuberculosis "set point": how HIV impairs alveolar macrophage responses to tuberculosis and sets the stage for progressive disease. Retrovirology 2020; 17:32. [PMID: 32967690 PMCID: PMC7509826 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As HIV has fueled a global resurgence of tuberculosis over the last several decades, there is a growing awareness that HIV-mediated impairments in both innate and adaptive immunity contribute to the heightened risk of tuberculosis in people with HIV. Since early immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) set the stage for subsequent control or progression to active tuberculosis disease, early host-pathogen interactions following Mtb infection can be thought of as establishing a mycobacterial "set point," which we define as the mycobacterial burden at the point of adaptive immune activation. This early immune response is impaired in the context of HIV coinfection, allowing for a higher mycobacterial set point and greater likelihood of progression to active disease with greater bacterial burden. Alveolar macrophages, as the first cells to encounter Mtb in the lungs, play a critical role in containing Mtb growth and establishing the mycobacterial set point. However, a number of key macrophage functions, ranging from pathogen recognition and uptake to phagocytosis and microbial killing, are blunted in HIV coinfection. To date, research evaluating the effects of HIV on the alveolar macrophage response to Mtb has been relatively limited, particularly with regard to the critical early events that help to dictate the mycobacterial set point. A greater understanding of alveolar macrophage functions impacted by HIV coinfection will improve our understanding of protective immunity to Mtb and may reveal novel pathways amenable to intervention to improve both early immune control of Mtb and clinical outcomes for the millions of people worldwide infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Auld
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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26
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Artificially induced MAIT cells inhibit M. bovis BCG but not M. tuberculosis during in vivo pulmonary infection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13579. [PMID: 32788608 PMCID: PMC7423888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is significant interest in targeting MAIT cells with immunostimulatory agents to enhance immune responses. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb.) is a pervasive respiratory disease that could benefit from treatments that augment immunity. Here we investigate the role of MAIT cells in M. tb. infection and the potential for MAIT cell-targeted immunotherapy to control bacterial burdens. We find that MAIT cells fail to substantially accumulate in the lungs during murine pulmonary M. bovis BCG and M. tb. infections but this defect is overcome by intranasal installation of a TLR2/6 agonist and a MAIT cell antigen. Although artificially induced MAIT cells produce important cytokines in both infections, they control BCG but not M. tb. growth in the lungs. Correspondingly, M. tb.-infected mouse macrophages are relatively resistant to MAIT cell antimicrobial activities in vitro. Thus, MAIT cell antigen-mediated immunotherapy for M. tb. presents a complex challenge.
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27
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Cox DJ, Coleman AM, Gogan KM, Phelan JJ, Ó Maoldomhnaigh C, Dunne PJ, Basdeo SA, Keane J. Inhibiting Histone Deacetylases in Human Macrophages Promotes Glycolysis, IL-1β, and T Helper Cell Responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1609. [PMID: 32793237 PMCID: PMC7390906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious killer in the world. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacteria that causes the disease, is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages (AM) and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) in the lung. Infected macrophages then upregulate effector functions through epigenetic modifications to make DNA accessible for transcription. The metabolic switch to glycolysis and the production of proinflammatory cytokines are key effector functions, governed by epigenetic changes, that are integral to the ability of the macrophage to mount an effective immune response against Mtb. We hypothesised that suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA), an FDA-approved histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), can modulate epigenetic changes upstream of the metabolic switch and support immune responses during Mtb infection. The rate of glycolysis in human MDM, infected with Mtb and treated with SAHA, was tracked in real time on the Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer. SAHA promoted glycolysis early in the response to Mtb. This was associated with significantly increased production of IL-1β and significantly reduced IL-10 in human MDM and AM. Since innate immune function directs downstream adaptive immune responses, we used SAHA-treated Mtb-infected AM or MDM in a co-culture system to stimulate T cells. Mtb-infected macrophages that had previously been treated with SAHA promoted IFN-γ, GM-CSF, and TNF co-production in responding T helper cells but did not affect cytotoxic T cells. These results indicate that SAHA promoted the early switch to glycolysis, increased IL-1β, and reduced IL-10 production in human macrophages infected with Mtb. Moreover, the elevated proinflammatory function of SAHA-treated macrophages resulted in enhanced T helper cell cytokine polyfunctionality. These data provide an in vitro proof-of-concept for the use of HDACi to modulate human immunometabolic processes in macrophages to promote innate and subsequent adaptive proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal J Cox
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Amy M Coleman
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karl M Gogan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James J Phelan
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cilian Ó Maoldomhnaigh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pádraic J Dunne
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sharee A Basdeo
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Keane
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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28
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Mishra A, Singh VK, Actor JK, Hunter RL, Jagannath C, Subbian S, Khan A. GM-CSF Dependent Differential Control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Human and Mouse Macrophages: Is Macrophage Source of GM-CSF Critical to Tuberculosis Immunity? Front Immunol 2020; 11:1599. [PMID: 32793233 PMCID: PMC7390890 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although classically associated with myelopoiesis, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is being increasingly recognized for its potential role in innate resistance against tuberculosis (TB). While the GM-CSF is produced by a variety of host cells, including conventional and non-conventional T cells, macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells, the cell population that promotes GM-CSF mediated innate protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remains unclear. This is because studies related to the role of GM-CSF so far have been carried out in murine models of experimental TB, which is inherently susceptible to TB as compared to humans, who exhibit a resolution of infection in majority of cases. We found a significantly higher amount of GM-CSF production by human macrophages, compared to mouse macrophages, after infection with M. tuberculosis in vitro. The higher levels of GM-CSF produced by human macrophages were also directly correlated with their increased life span and ability to control M. tuberculosis infection. Other evidence from recent studies also support that M. tuberculosis infected human macrophages display heterogeneity in their antibacterial capacity, and cells with increased expression of genes involved in GM-CSF signaling pathway can control intracellular M. tuberculosis growth more efficiently. Collectively, these emerging evidence indicate that GM-CSF produced by lung resident macrophages could be vital for the host resistance against M. tuberculosis infection in humans. Identification of GM-CSF dependent key cellular pathways/processes that mediate intracellular host defense can lay the groundwork for the development of novel host directed therapies against TB as well as other intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jeffrey K Actor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert L Hunter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Sciences Center-Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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29
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Lee J, Boyce S, Powers J, Baer C, Sassetti CM, Behar SM. CD11cHi monocyte-derived macrophages are a major cellular compartment infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008621. [PMID: 32544188 PMCID: PMC7319360 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During tuberculosis, lung myeloid cells have two opposing roles: they are an intracellular niche occupied by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and they restrict bacterial replication. Lung myeloid cells from mice infected with yellow-fluorescent protein expressing M. tuberculosis were analyzed by flow cytometry and transcriptional profiling to identify the cell types infected and their response to infection. CD14, CD38, and Abca1 were expressed more highly by infected alveolar macrophages and CD11cHi monocyte-derived cells compared to uninfected cells. CD14, CD38, and Abca1 "triple positive" (TP) cells had not only the highest infection rates and bacterial loads, but also a strong interferon-γ signature and nitric oxide synthetase-2 production indicating recognition by T cells. Despite evidence of T cell recognition and appropriate activation, these TP macrophages are a cellular compartment occupied by M. tuberculosis long-term. Defining the niche where M. tuberculosis resists elimination promises to provide insight into why inducing sterilizing immunity is a formidable challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shayla Boyce
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Powers
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christina Baer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samuel M. Behar
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Li K, Ran R, Jiang Z, Fan C, Li T, Yin Z. Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and risk factors in human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with active tuberculosis. Infection 2020; 48:585-595. [PMID: 32472529 PMCID: PMC7395032 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Immune function imbalance is closely associated with the occurrence and development of infectious diseases. We studied the characteristics of changes in T-lymphocyte subsets and their risk factors in HIV-negative patients with active tuberculosis (ATB). Methods T-lymphocyte subsets in 275 HIV-negative ATB patients were quantitatively analyzed and compared with an Mycobacteriumtuberculosis-free control group. Single-factor and multifactor analyses of clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients were also conducted. Results In ATB patients, CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts decreased, and the levels were positively interrelated (r = 0.655, P < 0.0001). After 4 weeks of antituberculosis treatment, CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts increased significantly but remained lower than in the control group. CD4 and CD8 cell counts were negatively associated with the extent of lesions detected in the chest by computed tomography (all P < 0.05). Although not reflected in the CD4/CD8 ratio, CD4 and CD8 cell counts differed between drug-resistant TB patients and drug-susceptible TB patients (P = 0.030). The multivariate analysis showed prealbumin, alpha-1 globulin, body mass index, and platelet count were independent risk factors for decreased CD4 cell count (all P < 0.05), while age and platelet count were independent risk factors for decreased CD8 cell count (all P < 0.05). Conclusion CD4 and CD8 T-cell counts showed the evident value in predicting ATB severity. An increase in the CD4/CD8 ratio may be a critical clue of drug resistance in ATB. Although the factors influencing CD4 and CD8 are not identical, our results indicated the importance of serum protein and platelets to ATB patients’ immune function. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s15010-020-01451-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Renyu Ran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zicheng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankang Central Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanqi Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhiguo Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Ankang Central Hospital, No. 85, South Jinzhou Road, Hanbin District, Ankang, 725000, Shaanxi, China.
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31
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32
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Angelidou A, Diray-Arce J, Conti MG, Smolen KK, van Haren SD, Dowling DJ, Husson RN, Levy O. BCG as a Case Study for Precision Vaccine Development: Lessons From Vaccine Heterogeneity, Trained Immunity, and Immune Ontogeny. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:332. [PMID: 32218774 PMCID: PMC7078104 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have been traditionally developed with the presumption that they exert identical immunogenicity regardless of target population and that they provide protection solely against their target pathogen. However, it is increasingly appreciated that vaccines can have off-target effects and that vaccine immunogenicity can vary substantially with demographic factors such as age and sex. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the live attenuated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine against tuberculosis (TB), represents a key example of these concepts. BCG vaccines are manufactured under different conditions across the globe generating divergent formulations. Epidemiologic studies have linked early life immunization with certain BCG formulations to an unanticipated reduction (∼50%) in all-cause mortality, especially in low birthweight males, greatly exceeding that attributable to TB prevention. This mortality benefit has been related to prevention of sepsis and respiratory infections suggesting that BCG induces "heterologous" protection against unrelated pathogens. Proposed mechanisms for heterologous protection include vaccine-induced immunometabolic shifts, epigenetic reprogramming of innate cell populations, and modulation of hematopoietic stem cell progenitors resulting in altered responses to subsequent stimuli, a phenomenon termed "trained immunity." In addition to genetic differences, licensed BCG formulations differ markedly in content of viable mycobacteria key for innate immune activation, potentially contributing to differences in the ability of these diverse formulations to induce TB-specific and heterologous protection. BCG immunomodulatory properties have also sparked interest in its potential use to prevent or alleviate autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus and multiple sclerosis. BCG can also serve as a model: nanoparticle vaccine formulations incorporating Toll-like receptor 8 agonists can mimic some of BCG's innate immune activation, suggesting that aspects of BCG's effects can be induced with non-replicating stimuli. Overall, BCG represents a paradigm for precision vaccinology, lessons from which will help inform next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asimenia Angelidou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joann Diray-Arce
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kinga K. Smolen
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simon Daniël van Haren
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - David J. Dowling
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert N. Husson
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ofer Levy
- Precision Vaccines Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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Kathamuthu GR, Moideen K, Sridhar R, Baskaran D, Babu S. Enhanced Mycobacterial Antigen-Induced Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production in Lymph Node Tuberculosis. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1401-1406. [PMID: 30994092 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph node tuberculosis (LNTB) is characterized by the enhanced baseline and antigen-specific production of type 1/17 cytokines and reduced baseline and antigen-specific production of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 at the site of infection when compared with peripheral blood. However, the cytokine profile in the lymph nodes (LNs) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture-positive LNTB (LNTB+) and negative LNTB (LNTB-) has not been examined. To address this, we have examined the baseline and mycobacterial antigen-stimulated cytokine levels of type 1 (interferon gamma [IFNγ], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], IL-2), type 2 (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), type 17 (IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22), pro-inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]), and regulatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]) cytokines in the LN culture supernatants of LNTB+ and LNTB- individuals. We have observed significantly enhanced baseline levels of IL-13 and IL-10 and significantly reduced baseline levels of IL-4 and GM-CSF in LNTB+ individuals compared with LNTB- individuals. By contrast, we have observed significantly enhanced levels of type 1 (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), type 17 (IL-17F and IL-22), and pro-inflammatory (IL-1α and GM-CSF) cytokines and significantly reduced levels of TGFβ in response to purified protein derivative, early secreted antigen-6, and culture filtrate protein-10 antigens in LNTB+ compared with LNTB- individuals. On phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin stimulation, no significant difference was observed for any of the cytokines examined. Thus, our study revealed several interesting differences in the cytokine profiles of mycobacterial antigen-stimulated LN cultures in LNTB+ and LNTB- individuals. Therefore, we suggest the presence of mycobacteria plays a significant role in driving the cytokine response at the site of infection in LNTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India.,National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | | | - Dhanaraj Baskaran
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chennai, India
| | - Subash Babu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.,National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
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34
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Damiani G, McCormick TS, Leal LO, Ghannoum MA. Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor expressed in yeast (sargramostim): A potential ally to combat serious infections. Clin Immunol 2020; 210:108292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.108292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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35
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Burn TN, Weaver L, Rood JE, Chu N, Bodansky A, Kreiger PA, Behrens EM. Genetic Deficiency of Interferon-γ Reveals Interferon-γ-Independent Manifestations of Murine Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 72:335-347. [PMID: 31400073 DOI: 10.1002/art.41076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHLH) is a complex cytokine storm syndrome caused by genetic abnormalities rendering CD8+ T cells and natural killer cells incapable of cytolytic killing. In murine models of FHLH, interferon-γ (IFNγ) produced by CD8+ T cells has been identified as a critical mediator of disease, and an IFNγ-blocking antibody (emapalumab) has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. However, development of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) in patients who are genetically unresponsive to IFNγ questions the absolute necessity of IFNγ in driving disease. This study was undertaken to determine the necessity of IFNγ in driving HLH. METHODS IFNγ-/- Prf1-/- mice were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), and HLH immunopathologic features, including survival, weight loss, cytopenias, cytokine profiles, and immune cell phenotypes, were assessed. Mixed bone marrow chimeras were created to determine the immune cell-intrinsic role of IFNγ receptor signaling. CD8+ T cell depletion and interleukin-33 (IL-33)/ST2 blockade were performed using monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS LCMV infection of IFNγ-/- Prf1-/- mice resulted in severe HLH-like disease. CD8+ T cells and the IL-33/ST2 axis remained essential mediators of disease; however, IFNγ-independent HLH immunopathology correlated with a 10-15-fold increase in neutrophilia (P < 0.001) and an altered cytokine milieu dominated by IL-6, IL-1β, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, IFNγ regulated CD8+ T cell expression of GM-CSF and neutrophil survival. CONCLUSION IFNγ is not necessary for the development of fulminant HLH, requiring physicians to consider case-by-case treatment strategies. Use of therapies that target upstream activators of CD8+ T cells, such as IL-33/ST2 signaling, may be more universally applicable treatment options that ameliorate both IFNγ-dependent and -independent manifestations of HLH/MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Burn
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lehn Weaver
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia E Rood
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Niansheng Chu
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Aaron Bodansky
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Edward M Behrens
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Zhan Y, Lew AM, Chopin M. The Pleiotropic Effects of the GM-CSF Rheostat on Myeloid Cell Differentiation and Function: More Than a Numbers Game. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2679. [PMID: 31803190 PMCID: PMC6873328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) is a myelopoietic growth factor that has pleiotropic effects not only in promoting the differentiation of immature precursors into polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes/macrophages (MØs) and dendritic cells (DCs), but also in controlling the function of fully mature myeloid cells. This broad spectrum of GM-CSF action may elicit paradoxical outcomes-both immunostimulation and immunosuppression-in infection, inflammation, and cancer. The complexity of GM-CSF action remains to be fully unraveled. Several aspects of GM-CSF action could contribute to its diverse biological consequences. Firstly, GM-CSF as a single cytokine affects development of most myeloid cells from progenitors to mature immune cells. Secondly, GM-CSF activates JAK2/STAT5 and also activate multiple signaling modules and transcriptional factors that direct different biological processes. Thirdly, GM-CSF can be produced by different cell types including tumor cells in response to different environmental cues; thus, GM-CSF quantity can vary greatly under different pathophysiological settings. Finally, GM-CSF signaling is also fine-tuned by other less defined feedback mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the role of GM-CSF in orchestrating the differentiation, survival, and proliferation during the generation of multiple lineages of myeloid cells (PMNs, MØs, and DCs). We will also discuss the role of GM-CSF in regulating the function of DCs and the functional polarization of MØs. We highlight how the dose of GM-CSF and corresponding signal strength acts as a rheostat to fine-tune cell fate, and thus the way GM-CSF may best be targeted for immuno-intervention in infection, inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhan
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Lew
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Chopin
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Dantzler KW, de la Parte L, Jagannathan P. Emerging role of γδ T cells in vaccine-mediated protection from infectious diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2019; 8:e1072. [PMID: 31485329 PMCID: PMC6712516 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells are fascinating cells that bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems. They have long been known to proliferate rapidly following infection; however, the identity of the specific γδ T cell subsets proliferating and the role of this expansion in protection from disease have only been explored more recently. Several recent studies have investigated γδ T‐cell responses to vaccines targeting infections such as Mycobacterium, Plasmodium and influenza, and studies in animal models have provided further insight into the association of these responses with improved clinical outcomes. In this review, we examine the evidence for a role for γδ T cells in vaccine‐induced protection against various bacterial, protozoan and viral infections. We further discuss results suggesting potential mechanisms for protection, including cytokine‐mediated direct and indirect killing of infected cells, and highlight remaining open questions in the field. Finally, building on current efforts to integrate strategies targeting γδ T cells into immunotherapies for cancer, we discuss potential approaches to improve vaccines for infectious diseases by inducing γδ T‐cell activation and cytotoxicity.
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Lemdani K, Seguin J, Lesieur C, Al Sabbagh C, Doan BT, Richard C, Capron C, Malafosse R, Boudy V, Mignet N. Mucoadhesive thermosensitive hydrogel for the intra-tumoral delivery of immunomodulatory agents, in vivo evidence of adhesion by means of non-invasive imaging techniques. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118421. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Clancy‐Thompson E, Chen GZ, LaMarche NM, Ali LR, Jeong H, Crowley SJ, Boelaars K, Brenner MB, Lynch L, Dougan SK. Transnuclear mice reveal Peyer's patch iNKT cells that regulate B-cell class switching to IgG1. EMBO J 2019; 38:e101260. [PMID: 31304630 PMCID: PMC6627243 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident iNKT cells maintain tissue homeostasis and peripheral surveillance against pathogens; however, studying these cells is challenging due to their low abundance and poor recovery from tissues. We here show that iNKT transnuclear mice, generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer, have increased tissue resident iNKT cells. We examined expression of PLZF, T-bet, and RORγt, as well as cytokine/chemokine profiles, and found that both monoclonal and polyclonal iNKT cells differentiated into functional subsets that faithfully replicated those seen in wild-type mice. We detected iNKT cells from tissues in which they are rare, including adipose, lung, skin-draining lymph nodes, and a previously undescribed population in Peyer's patches (PP). PP-NKT cells produce the majority of the IL-4 in Peyer's patches and provide indirect help for B-cell class switching to IgG1 in both transnuclear and wild-type mice. Oral vaccination with α-galactosylceramide shows enhanced fecal IgG1 titers in iNKT cell-sufficient mice. Transcriptional profiling reveals a unique signature of PP-NKT cells, characterized by tissue residency. We thus define PP-NKT as potentially important for surveillance for mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gui Zhen Chen
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Nelson M LaMarche
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lestat R Ali
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Hee‐Jin Jeong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Hongik UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Stephanie J Crowley
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Kelly Boelaars
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- VU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Department of RheumatologyBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Stephanie K Dougan
- Department of Cancer Immunology and VirologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Program in ImmunologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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Heterogeneous GM-CSF signaling in macrophages is associated with control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2329. [PMID: 31133636 PMCID: PMC6536549 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10065-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Variability in bacterial sterilization is a key feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) disease. In a population of human macrophages, there are macrophages that restrict Mtb growth and those that do not. However, the sources of heterogeneity in macrophage state during Mtb infection are poorly understood. Here, we perform RNAseq on restrictive and permissive macrophages and reveal that the expression of genes involved in GM-CSF signaling discriminates between the two subpopulations. We demonstrate that blocking GM-CSF makes macrophages more permissive of Mtb growth while addition of GM-CSF increases bacterial control. In parallel, we find that the loss of bacterial control that occurs in HIV-Mtb coinfected macrophages correlates with reduced GM-CSF secretion. Treatment of coinfected cells with GM-CSF restores bacterial control. Thus, we leverage the natural variation in macrophage control of Mtb to identify a critical cytokine response for regulating Mtb survival and identify components of the antimicrobial response induced by GM-CSF.
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Hyoe RK, Robert J. A Xenopus tadpole alternative model to study innate-like T cell-mediated anti-mycobacterial immunity. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:253-259. [PMID: 30521838 PMCID: PMC6330235 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the high incidence of multi-drug resistance and challenges posed by the complex and long duration of treatments, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections remain a significant clinical burden, which would benefit from development of novel immuno-therapeutic-based treatment strategies. Among early immune effectors, invariant or innate-like (i)T cells are attracting attention because of their potential regulatory activity, which can shape anti-mycobacterial immune responses. Unlike conventional T cells, iT cells express a semi-invariant T cell receptor, and respond rapidly and robustly to molecular patterns presented by MHC class I-like molecules. To date, functional studies of iT cells in vivo has been problematic and the role of iT cells in anti-Mtb responses remains unclear. Here, after reviewing the recent literature on anti-mycobacterial iT cell immunity, we describe a novel alternative model system in the amphibian Xenopus laevis tadpoles during infection with Mycobacterium marinum (Mm). X. laevis tadpoles rely mostly on a few distinct prominent innate-like (i)T cell subsets, whose development and function are governed by distinct MHC class I-like molecules. Thus, X. laevis tadpoles provide a convenient and cost-effective in vivo model uniquely suited to investigate the roles of iT cells during mycobacterial infections. We have developed reverse genetics and MHC tetramer technology to characterize this MHC-like/iT system in tadpoles. Our study in X. laevis provides evidence of a conserved convergent function of iT cells in host defenses against mycobacteria between mammals and amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhoo Kun Hyoe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States
| | - Jacques Robert
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, United States.
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Leopold Wager CM, Arnett E, Schlesinger LS. Macrophage nuclear receptors: Emerging key players in infectious diseases. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007585. [PMID: 30897154 PMCID: PMC6428245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that are expressed in a variety of cells, including macrophages. For decades, NRs have been therapeutic targets because their activity can be pharmacologically modulated by specific ligands and small molecule inhibitors. NRs regulate a variety of processes, including those intersecting metabolic and immune functions, and have been studied in regard to various autoimmune diseases. However, the complex roles of NRs in host response to infection are only recently being investigated. The NRs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and liver X receptors (LXRs) have been most studied in the context of infectious diseases; however, recent work has also linked xenobiotic pregnane X receptors (PXRs), vitamin D receptor (VDR), REV-ERBα, the nuclear receptor 4A (NR4A) family, farnesoid X receptors (FXRs), and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) to macrophage responses to pathogens. Pharmacological inhibition or antagonism of certain NRs can greatly influence overall disease outcome, and NRs that are protective against some diseases can lead to susceptibility to others. Targeting NRs as a novel host-directed treatment approach to infectious diseases appears to be a viable option, considering that these transcription factors play a pivotal role in macrophage lipid metabolism, cholesterol efflux, inflammatory responses, apoptosis, and production of antimicrobial byproducts. In the current review, we discuss recent findings concerning the role of NRs in infectious diseases with an emphasis on PPARγ and LXR, the two most studied. We also highlight newer work on the activity of emerging NRs during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eusondia Arnett
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Larry S. Schlesinger
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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O'Halloran C, McCulloch L, Rentoul L, Alexander J, Hope JC, Gunn-Moore DA. Cytokine and Chemokine Concentrations as Biomarkers of Feline Mycobacteriosis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17314. [PMID: 30470763 PMCID: PMC6251861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteriosis is an emerging zoonotic disease of domestic cats and timely, accurate diagnosis is currently challenging. To identify differential cytokine/chemokine concentrations in serum/plasma of cats, which could be diagnostic biomarkers of infection we analysed plasma/serum from 116 mycobacteria-infected cats, 16 healthy controls and six cats hospitalised for unrelated reasons was analysed using the Milliplex MAP Feline Cytokine Magnetic Bead multiplex assay. Three cytokines; sFAS, IL-13 and IL-4 were reduced while seven; GM-CSF, IL-2, PDGF-BB, IL-8, KC, RANTES and TNF-α were elevated in mycobacteria-infected cats compared to healthy controls. However, IL-8 and KC concentrations were not significantly different from cats hospitalised for other reasons. Elevations in TNF-α and PDGF-BB may have potential to identify M. bovis and M. microti infected cats specifically while GM-CSF, IL-2 and FLT3L were increased in MTBC infected cats. This study demonstrates potential use of feline tuberculosis as a spontaneously occurring model of this significant human disease. Cytokine profiling has clear diagnostic potential for mycobacteriosis of cats and could be used discriminate tuberculous from non-tuberculous disease to rapidly inform on zoonotic risk. Future work should focus on the in-field utility of these findings to establish diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C O'Halloran
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK. conor.o'
| | - L McCulloch
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - L Rentoul
- MilliporeSigma (a Division of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), 3050, Spruce Street, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - J Alexander
- Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition, Leicestershire, UK
| | - J C Hope
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - D A Gunn-Moore
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH25 9RG, UK
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Yin Z, Li C, Wang J, Xue L. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells: Roles in the tumor microenvironment and tumor radiotherapy. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:933-946. [PMID: 29992569 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongnan Yin
- Biobank; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Biobank; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Peking University Third Hospital; Beijing China
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du Plessis N, Kotze LA, Leukes V, Walzl G. Translational Potential of Therapeutics Targeting Regulatory Myeloid Cells in Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:332. [PMID: 30298121 PMCID: PMC6160538 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in tuberculosis (TB) drug development and availability, successful antibiotic treatment is challenged by the parallel development of antimicrobial resistance. As a result, new approaches toward improving TB treatment have been proposed in an attempt to reduce the high TB morbidity and mortality rates. Host-directed therapies (HDTs), designed to modulate host immune components, provide an alternative approach for improving treatment outcome in both non-communicable and infectious diseases. Many candidate immunotherapeutics, designed to target regulatory myeloid immune components in cancer, have so far proven to be of value as repurposed HDT in TB. Several of these studies do however lack detailed description of the mechanism or host pathway affected by TB HDT treatment. In this review, we present an argument for greater appreciation of the role of regulatory myeloid cells, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), as potential targets for the development of candidate TB HDT compounds. We discuss the role of MDSC in the context of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease, focussing primarily on their specific cellular functions and highlight the impact of HDTs on MDSC frequency and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelita du Plessis
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Leigh A Kotze
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vinzeigh Leukes
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hu S, Du X, Huang Y, Fu Y, Yang Y, Zhan X, He W, Wen Q, Zhou X, Zhou C, Zhong XP, Yang J, Xiong W, Wang R, Gao Y, Ma L. NLRC3 negatively regulates CD4+ T cells and impacts protective immunity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007266. [PMID: 30133544 PMCID: PMC6122840 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRC3, a member of the NLR family, has been reported as a negative regulator of inflammatory signaling pathways in innate immune cells. However, the direct role of NLRC3 in modulation of CD4+ T-cell responses in infectious diseases has not been studied. In the present study, we showed that NLRC3 plays an intrinsic role by suppressing the CD4+ T cell phenotype in lung and spleen, including differentiation, activation, and proliferation. NLRC3 deficiency in CD4+ T cells enhanced the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Finally, we demonstrated that NLRC3 deficiency promoted the activation, proliferation, and cytokine production of CD4+ T cells via negatively regulating the NF-κB and MEK-ERK signaling pathways. This study reveals a critical role of NLRC3 as a direct regulator of the adaptive immune response and its protective effects on immunity during M. tuberculosis infection. Our findings also suggested that NLRC3 serves as a potential target for therapeutic intervention against tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Hu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xialin Du
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuling Fu
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yalong Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhan
- Department of laboratory medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenting He
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoying Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Xiong
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruining Wang
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchi Gao
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Ma
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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Balcells ME, Ruiz-Tagle C, Tiznado C, García P, Naves R. Diagnostic performance of GM-CSF and IL-2 in response to long-term specific-antigen cell stimulation in patients with active and latent tuberculosis infection. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2018; 112:110-119. [PMID: 30205963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simple blood test for detecting active tuberculosis (TB) could be key to this epidemic containment, given that a large proportion of patients are unable to produce sputum for testing. Currently available interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are inadequate to diagnose active TB, with reported pooled sensitivity and specificity both under 81%. OBJECTIVE To explore whether cytokines/chemokines other than interferon-γ in response to long-term cell stimulation could improve the ability to distinguish between different TB infection status. METHODS We prospectively enrolled subjects with newly diagnosed pulmonary TB and their household contacts in Santiago. All contacts were tested with IGRA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained and antigen-specific stimulated for 72 h before collecting their culture supernatants. RESULTS Subjects with active TB displayed markedly low cytokines/chemokines secretion upon PBMC stimulation, with lower GM-CSF being the best differentiator from IGRA(+) contacts, with 71% (95% CI 53-85) sensitivity, 86% (95% CI 65-97) specificity and AUC = 0.79 (p = 0.0003). On the other hand, when compared to the uninfected IGRA(-) contacts, higher level of IL-2 secretion was the best indicator of active TB, with 73.5% (95% CI 56-87) sensitivity, 85% (95% CI 66-96) specificity and AUC = 0.79 (p = 0.0001). No single cytokine/chemokine released upon stimulation could accurately differentiate between active TB and all TB contacts grouped together. CONCLUSION GM-CSF and IL-2 provided the best yield to differentiate active TB from latent TB and from TB uninfected, respectively, with higher specificities than that reported for IGRAs. However, none of both resulted sensitive enough to be used as a stand-alone biomarker for active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Elvira Balcells
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cinthya Ruiz-Tagle
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Camila Tiznado
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas del Adulto, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Diagonal Paraguay 362, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Patricia García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología, Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Rodrigo Naves
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Av. Independencia 1027, Santiago, Chile.
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Grasse M, Meryk A, Miggitsch C, Grubeck-Loebenstein B. GM-CSF improves the immune response to the diphtheria-component in a multivalent vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:4672-4680. [PMID: 29961602 PMCID: PMC7116485 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent tetanus and diphtheria toxoid containing vaccines belong to the most frequently applied vaccines. However, there is an imbalance in the degree of protection against the two antigens with insufficient long-term protection against diphtheria, particularly in the elderly population. We have previously reported a positive correlation between granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the production of diphtheria-specific antibodies. Therefore, in the present study we analyzed the effects of in vivo applied recombinant GM-CSF on immunization with multivalent tetanus/diphtheria vaccine in mice of different age. In vivo application of GM-CSF lead to enhanced production of diphtheria-specific antibodies as well as more diphtheria-specific CD4+ T cells following vaccination with multivalent tetanus/diphtheria vaccine. In contrast, the humoral and cellular immune response to the tetanus component was unaltered. Furthermore, application of GM-CSF resulted in more splenic CD11b+ dendritic cells (DCs) with a higher MHC-II expression. GM-CSF also induced a stronger recruitment of CD11b+ DCs to the injected muscle. Most remarkably, GM-CSF was able to boost the diphtheria-specific immune response to the multivalent vaccine in aged mice. This study demonstrates that local administration of GM-CSF is able to improve immune responsiveness to the diphtheria component of multivalent tetanus/diphtheria vaccine in young and old mice. This information could be useful for the future design of vaccines for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grasse
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Meryk
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina Miggitsch
- Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Juno JA, Waruk JLM, Wragg KM, Mesa C, Lopez C, Bueti J, Kent SJ, Ball TB, Kiazyk SA. Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells Are Depleted and Exhibit Altered Chemokine Receptor Expression and Elevated Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Production During End-Stage Renal Disease. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1076. [PMID: 29868028 PMCID: PMC5967229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an increased susceptibility to infectious diseases, including infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize vitamin B metabolites produced by many bacterial species, including Mtb, and may play an important role in providing protective immunity against tuberculosis infection in the lung. To date, little is known about MAIT cell frequency, phenotype, or function in ESRD patients. Methods MAIT cells, identified by surface marker expression or MR1 tetramer binding, were characterized in 20 ESRD and 20 healthy control participants by multicolor flow cytometry. Ex vivo MAIT cell phenotype and cytokine production following PMA/ionomycin, IL-12/IL-18, or Escherichia coli stimulation were determined. Monocyte phenotype and plasma C-reactive protein/inflammatory cytokine levels were quantified by flow cytometry, ELISA, and multiplex bead array. Results Peripheral blood MAIT cells were significantly depleted among ESRD patients compared to controls by both phenotypic and tetramer analysis and exhibited a loss of CXCR3 expression coupled to increased expression of CCR6 and CXCR6. ESRD was also associated with a shift in MAIT PMA-induced cytokine production away from IFNγ production and toward granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion, and a loss of E. coli-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α expression. Loss of IFNγ expression was associated with a combination of age, alterations in Tbet and Eomes expression, and inflammatory plasma cytokine levels. Conclusion The loss of peripheral blood MAIT cells and associated shifts in tissue homing receptor expression and GM-CSF production may contribute to an immune environment that is permissive to bacterial replication, particularly in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jillian L M Waruk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Kathleen M Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine Mesa
- National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, HIV/TB Co-Infection Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Carmen Lopez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Joe Bueti
- Renal Program, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - T Blake Ball
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, HIV/TB Co-Infection Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sandra A Kiazyk
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,National Laboratory for HIV Immunology, HIV/TB Co-Infection Unit, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Verma S, Du P, Nakanjako D, Hermans S, Briggs J, Nakiyingi L, Ellner JJ, Manabe YC, Salgame P. "Tuberculosis in advanced HIV infection is associated with increased expression of IFNγ and its downstream targets". BMC Infect Dis 2018; 18:220. [PMID: 29764370 PMCID: PMC5952419 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-018-3127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is the major cause of death in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected individuals. However, diagnosis of TB in HIV remains challenging particularly when HIV infection is advanced. Several gene signatures and serum protein biomarkers have been identified that distinguish active TB from latent infection. Our study was designed to assess if gene expression signatures and cytokine levels would distinguish active TB in advanced HIV. METHODS We conducted a case-control study of whole blood RNA-Seq and plasma cytokine/chemokine analysis in HIV-infected with CD4+ T cell count of ≤ 100 cells/μl, with and without active TB. Next, the overlap of the differentially expressed genes (DEG) with the published signatures was performed and then receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis was done on small gene discriminators to determine their performance in distinguishing TB in advanced HIV. ELISA was performed on plasma to evaluate cytokine and chemokine levels. RESULTS Hierarchical clustering of the transcriptional profiles showed that, in general, HIV-infected individuals with TB (TB-HIV) clustered separately from those without TB. IPA indicated that the TB-HIV signature was characterized by an increase in inflammatory signaling pathways. Analysis of overlaps between DEG in our data set with published TB signatures revealed that significant overlap was seen with one TB signature and one TB-IRIS signature. ROC analysis revealed that transcript levels of FcGR1A (AUC = 0.85) and BATF2 (AUC = 0.82), previously reported as consistent single gene classifiers of active TB irrespective of HIV status, performed successfully even in advanced HIV. Plasma protein levels of IFNγ, a stimulator of FcGR1A and BATF2, and CXCL10, also up-regulated by IFNγ, accurately classified active TB (AUC = 0.98 and 0.91, respectively) in advanced HIV. Neither of these genes nor proteins distinguished between TB and TB-IRIS. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression of FcGR1A and BATF2, and plasma protein levels of IFNγ and CXCL10 have the potential to independently detect TB in advanced HIV. However, since other lung diseases were not included in this study, these final candidates need to be validated as specific to TB in the advanced HIV population with TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Verma
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Peicheng Du
- Office of Advanced Research Computing, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
| | - Damalie Nakanjako
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sabine Hermans
- Amsterdam Institute of Global Health and Development, Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jessica Briggs
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
- Present address: UCSF, Division of Infectious Diseases, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lydia Nakiyingi
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jerrold J. Ellner
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Yukari C. Manabe
- Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Padmini Salgame
- Department of Medicine, Center for Emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ USA
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