1
|
Park J, Won J, Yang E, Seo J, Cho J, Seong JB, Yeo HG, Kim K, Kim YG, Kim M, Jeon CY, Lim KS, Lee DS, Lee Y. Peroxiredoxin 1 inhibits streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in hippocampal neuronal cells via the blocking of Ca 2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15642. [PMID: 38977865 PMCID: PMC11231305 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an essential role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced abnormal brain insulin signaling and oxidative stress play crucial roles in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are associated with protection from neuronal death induced by oxidative stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying Prxs on STZ-induced progression of AD in the hippocampal neurons are not yet fully understood. Here, we evaluated whether Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) affects STZ-induced AD-like pathology and cellular toxicity. Prx1 expression was increased by STZ treatment in the hippocampus cell line, HT-22 cells. We evaluated whether Prx1 affects STZ-induced HT-22 cells using overexpression. Prx1 successfully protected the forms of STZ-induced AD-like pathology, such as neuronal apoptosis, synaptic loss, and tau phosphorylation. Moreover, Prx1 suppressed the STZ-induced increase of mitochondrial dysfunction and fragmentation by down-regulating Drp1 phosphorylation and mitochondrial location. Prx1 plays a role in an upstream signal pathway of Drp1 phosphorylation, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) by inhibiting the STZ-induced conversion of p35 to p25. We found that STZ-induced of intracellular Ca2+ accumulation was an important modulator of AD-like pathology progression by regulating Ca2+-mediated Calpain activation, and Prx1 down-regulated STZ-induced intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and Ca2+-mediated Calpain activation. Finally, we identified that Prx1 antioxidant capacity affected Ca2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated AD-like pathology progress. Therefore, these findings demonstrated that Prx1 is a key factor in STZ-induced hippocampal neuronal death through inhibition of Ca2+/Calpain/Cdk5-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction by protecting against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junghyung Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyeoung Yang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jincheol Seo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Cho
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bae Seong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Gu Yeo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keonwoo Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Gyeong Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Yeop Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zeng W, Cai J, Zhang L, Peng Q. Iron Deposition in Parkinson's Disease: A Mini-Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:26. [PMID: 38393383 PMCID: PMC10891198 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Iron deposition is crucial pathological changes observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, scientists have actively explored therapeutic approaches targeting iron deposition in PD. However, several clinical studies have failed to yield consistent results. In this review, we provide an overview of iron deposition in PD, from both basic research and clinical perspectives. PD patients exhibit abnormalities in various iron metabolism-related proteins, leading to disruptions in iron distribution, transport, storage, and circulation, ultimately resulting in iron deposition. Excess iron can induce oxidative stress and iron-related cell death, and exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to the progression of PD pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging studies have indicated that the characteristics of iron deposition in the brains of PD patients vary. Iron deposition correlates with the clinical symptoms of PD, and patients with different disease courses and clinical presentations display distinct patterns of iron deposition. These iron deposition patterns may contribute to PD diagnosis. Iron deposition is a promising target for PD treatment. However, further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and their impacts on PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Zeng
- Department of Neurology, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jin Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Zhangzhou, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Qiwei Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su S, Chen G, Gao M, Zhong G, Zhang Z, Wei D, Luo X, Wang Q. Kai-Xin-San protects against mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease through SIRT3/NLRP3 pathway. Chin Med 2023; 18:26. [PMID: 36918872 PMCID: PMC10012453 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kai-Xin-San (KXS) has been reported to have a good curative impact on dementia. The purpose of the study was to determine whether KXS might ameliorate cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice and to evaluate its neuroprotective mechanism. METHODS APP/PS1 mice were employed as an AD animal model; Aβ1-42 and KXS-containing serum were used in HT22 cells. Four different behavioral tests were used to determine the cognitive ability of mice. Nissl staining was utilized to detect hippocampal neuron changes. ROS, SOD, and MDA were used to detect oxidative stress levels. Transmission electron microscopy and Western blot were used to evaluate mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial division, and fusion state. Western blotting and immunofluorescence identified PSD95, BDNF, NGF, SYN, SIRT3, and NLRP3 inflammasome levels. RESULTS The results indicated that KXS protected APP/PS1 mice against cognitive impairments. KXS suppressed neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress among APP/PS1 mice. KXS and KXS-containing serum improved mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic and neurotrophic factors regarding APP/PS1 mice. In addition, KXS and KXS-containing serum enhanced mitochondrial SIRT3 expression and reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSION KXS improves cognitive dysfunction among APP/PS1 mice via regulating SIRT3-mediated neuronal cell apoptosis. These results suggested that KXS was proposed as a neuroprotective agent for AD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- ShiJie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gongcan Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangcheng Zhong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zerong Zhang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyun Wei
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Neuroprotective Potential of Endophytic Fungi and Proposed Molecular Mechanism: A Current Update. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6214264. [PMID: 36217430 PMCID: PMC9547681 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6214264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people are affected by neuronal disorders that are emerging as a principal cause of death after cancer. Alzheimer's disease, ataxia, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and autism comprise the most common ones, being accompanied by loss of cognitive power, impaired balance, and movement. In past decades, natural polyphenols obtained from different sources including bacteria, fungi, and plants have been utilized in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of several ailments. Endophytes are one such natural producer of secondary metabolites, namely, polyphenols, which exhibit strong abilities to assist in the management of such affections, through modifying multiple therapeutic targets and weaken their complex physiology. Limited research has been conducted in detail on bioactive compounds present in the endophytic fungi and their neuroprotective effects. Therefore, this review aims to provide an update on scientific evidences related to the pharmacological and clinical potential along with proposed molecular mechanism of action of endophytes for neuronal protection.
Collapse
|
5
|
Peroxiredoxin-5 Knockdown Accelerates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5067544. [PMID: 35132351 PMCID: PMC8817848 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5067544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recent study showed that peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an important role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the involvement of Prx5 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the role and mechanisms of Prx5 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to establish a pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. In this study, we found that Prx5 expression was upregulated in hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes. In addition, Prx5 knockdown accelerated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice by activating oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Importantly, heart deterioration caused by Prx5 knockdown was related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation. These findings suggest that Prx5 could be a novel target for treating cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cheng R, Dhorajia VV, Kim J, Kim Y. Mitochondrial iron metabolism and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurotoxicology 2022; 88:88-101. [PMID: 34748789 PMCID: PMC8748425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a key element for mitochondrial function and homeostasis, which is also crucial for maintaining the neuronal system, but too much iron promotes oxidative stress. A large body of evidence has indicated that abnormal iron accumulation in the brain is associated with various neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Friedreich's ataxia. However, it is still unclear how irregular iron status contributes to the development of neuronal disorders. Hence, the current review provides an update on the causal effects of iron overload in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and discusses important roles of mitochondrial iron homeostasis in these disease conditions. Furthermore, this review discusses potential therapeutic targets for the treatments of iron overload-linked neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiying Cheng
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA
| | | | - Jonghan Kim
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.
| | - Yuho Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Seong JB, Kim B, Kim S, Kim MH, Park YH, Lee Y, Lee HJ, Hong CW, Lee DS. Macrophage peroxiredoxin 5 deficiency promotes lung cancer progression via ROS-dependent M2-like polarization. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 176:322-334. [PMID: 34637923 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for cancer treatment have traditionally focused on suppressing cancer cell behavior, but many recent studies have demonstrated that regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) can also inhibit disease progression. Macrophages are major TME components, and the direction of phenotype polarization is known to regulate tumor behavior, with M2-like polarization promoting progression. It is also known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) in macrophages drive M2 polarization, and M2 polarization promote lung cancer progression. Lung cancer patients with lower expression of the antioxidant enzyme peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) demonstrate poorer survival. This study revealed that Prx5 deficiency in macrophages induced M2 macrophage polarization by lung cancer. We report that injection of lung cancer cells produced larger tumors in Prx5-deficit mice than wild-type mice independent of cancer cell Prx5 expression. Through co-culture with lung cancer cell lines, Prx5-deficient macrophages exhibited M2 polarization, and reduced expression levels of the M1-associated inflammatory factors iNOS, TNFα, and Il-1β. Moreover, these Prx5-deficient macrophages promoted the proliferation and migration of co-cultured lung cancer cells. Conversely, suppression of ROS generation by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) inhibited the M2-like polarization of Prx5-deficient macrophages, increased expression levels of inflammatory factors, inhibited the proliferation and migration of co-cultured lung cancer cells, and suppressed tumor growth in mice. These findings suggest that blocking the M2 polarization of macrophages may promote lung cancer regression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Bae Seong
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea; National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Bokyung Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource & Research Center (FARRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea; Research Institute eBiogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Hong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea; College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Calcineurin Activation by Prion Protein Induces Neurotoxicity via Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5572129. [PMID: 34394828 PMCID: PMC8363446 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5572129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Prion diseases are caused by PrPsc accumulation in the brain, which triggers dysfunctional mitochondrial injury and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in neurons. Recent studies on prion diseases suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by misfolding proteins such as misfolded prion protein results in activation of calcineurin. Calcineurin is a calcium-related protein phosphatase of type 2B that exists in copious quantities in the brain and acts as a critical nodal component in the control of cellular functions. To investigate the relationship between calcineurin and intracellular ROS, we assessed the alteration of CaN and ROS induced by prion peptide (PrP) 106-126. Human prion peptide increased mitochondrial ROS by activating calcineurin, and the inhibition of calcineurin activity protected mitochondrial function and neuronal apoptosis in neuronal cells. These results suggest that calcineurin plays a pivotal role in neuronal apoptosis by mediating mitochondrial injury and ROS in prion diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim MH, Kim DY, Lee HJ, Park YH, Huh JW, Lee DS. Comparison of the protective effect of cytosolic and mitochondrial Peroxiredoxin 5 against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. Redox Rep 2021; 26:53-61. [PMID: 33719938 PMCID: PMC7971343 DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2021.1901028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Although glutamate is an essential factor in the neuronal system, excess glutamate can produce excitotoxicity. We previously reported that Peroxiredoxin 5 (Prx5) protects neuronal cells from glutamate toxicity via its antioxidant effects. However, it is unclear whether cytosolic or mitochondrial Prx5 provides greater neuroprotection. Here, we investigated differences in the neuroprotective effects of cytosolic and mitochondrial Prx5. Methods: We analyzed patterns of cytosolic and mitochondrial H2O2 generation in glutamate toxicity using HyPer protein. And then, we confirmed the change of intracellular ROS level and apoptosis with respective methods. The mitochondrial dynamics was assessed with confocal microscope imaging and western blotting. Results: We found that the level of mitochondrial H2O2 greatly increased compared to cytosolic H2O2 and it affected cytosolic H2O2 generation after glutamate treatment. In addition, we confirmed that mitochondrial Prx5 provides more effective neuroprotection than cytosolic Prx5. Discussion: Overall, our study reveals the mechanisms of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS in glutamate toxicity. Our findings suggest that mitochondrial ROS and Prx5 are attractive therapeutic targets and that controlling these factors be useful for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Hye Kim
- School of Life sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Lee
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute, e-biogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Park
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin (Prx) refers to a family of thiol-dependent peroxidases that decompose hydrogen peroxide, lipid hydroperoxides, as well as peroxynitrite, and protect against oxidative and inflammatory stress. There are six mammalian Prx isozymes (Prx1-6), classified as typical 2-Cys, atypical 2-Cys, or 1-Cys Prxs based on the mechanism and the number of cysteine residues involved during catalysis. In addition to their well-established peroxide-scavenging activity, some Prxs also participate in the regulation of various cell signaling pathways. Extensive animal studies employing primarily gene knockout models provide substantial evidence supporting a critical protective role of Prxs in various disease processes involving oxidative and inflammatory stress. This review surveys recent research findings, published primarily in influential journals, on the involvement of various Prx isozymes in protecting against cardiovascular injury and related disorders, including diabetes, metabolic syndromes, and sepsis, whose pathophysiology all intimately involves oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
|
11
|
Antioxidants Targeting Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress: Promising Neuroprotectants for Epilepsy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6687185. [PMID: 33299529 PMCID: PMC7710440 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6687185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the cell and are especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Oxidative damage to mitochondria results in disrupted mitochondrial function and cell death signaling, finally triggering diverse pathologies such as epilepsy, a common neurological disease characterized with aberrant electrical brain activity. Antioxidants are considered as promising neuroprotective strategies for epileptic condition via combating the deleterious effects of excessive ROS production in mitochondria. In this review, we provide a brief discussion of the role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of epilepsy and evidences that support neuroprotective roles of antioxidants targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress including mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, polyphenols, vitamins, thiols, and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators in epilepsy. We point out these antioxidative compounds as effectively protective approaches for improving prognosis. In addition, we specially propose that these antioxidants exert neuroprotection against epileptic impairment possibly by modulating cell death interactions, notably autophagy-apoptosis, and autophagy-ferroptosis crosstalk.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kalotra S, Kaur G. PSA mimetic 5-nonyloxytryptamine protects cerebellar neurons against glutamate induced excitotoxicity: An in vitro perspective. Neurotoxicology 2020; 82:69-81. [PMID: 33197482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PSA-NCAM is a molecule of therapeutic interest for its key role in promoting neuritogenesis and synaptic plasticity. The current study was aimed to investigate the neuroregenerative potential of 5-nonyloxytryptamine (5-NOT) as PSA mimetic compound against glutamate induced excitotoxicity. 2D and 3D cultures of cerebellar neurons challenged with glutamate were used to ascertain the effect of 5-NOT on neurite outgrowth, migration and expression of neuronal plasticity markers. Glutamate excitotoxicity is one of the major underlying pathological factor responsible for neurodegeneration in various neurological disorders such as trauma, stroke, ischemia, epilepsy and neurodegenerative diseases.5-NOT treatment was observed to promote axonal growth and defasiculation in glutamate challenged neurons as well as promoted the migration of cerebellar neurons in both wound scratched area and cerebellar explant cultures. Further, 5-NOT treatment upregulated the expression of synaptic plasticity and cell survival pathway proteins which showed reduced expression after glutamate induced excitotoxicity. Thus, this preliminary data reveals thatPSA-mimetic,5-NOT may prove to be a potential neuroprotective candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Kalotra
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| | - Gurcharan Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Neuroprotective Effect of Tricyclic Pyridine Alkaloids from Fusarium lateritium SSF2, against Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the HT22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Line. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111115. [PMID: 33187346 PMCID: PMC7698086 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive glutamate damages neuronal cells via the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium ion (Ca2+) influx, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptosis, which may result in the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of 4,6′-anhydrooxysporidinone isolated from endophytic fungus Fusarium lateritium SSF2 on glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, accumulation of intracellular ROS, increases in superoxide anion production, Ca2+, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, and apoptotic cell death in hippocampal HT22 cells. 2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining was used to determine the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration and dihydroethidine (DHE) staining was used to determine the superoxide radical. Expression of the nuclear factor-erythroid-2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was analyzed by Western blot. Fluo-4 staining was used to determine the intracellular Ca2+ levels. In order to explore mitochondrial membrane potential, tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining was used. Apoptotic cell death was evaluated using Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and TUNEL staining. Expression of the cytochrome c release and cleaved caspase-9, -3 was analyzed by Western blot. Here, we were able to isolate 4,6′-anhydrooxysporidinone from endophytic fungus, Fusarium lateritium SSF2, which was shown to protect HT22 cells from glutamate-induced cytotoxicity, accumulation of intracellular ROS, increases in superoxide anion production, Ca2+, and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, 4,6′-anhydrooxysporidinone enhanced the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1. It also inhibited the apoptotic cell death through the inhibition of cytochrome c release and cleaved caspase-9, -3 in glutamate-treated HT22 cells. Therefore, our results provide ample evidence of the neuroprotective properties of 4,6′-anhydrooxysporidinone.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Effect of Protein-Rich Extract from Bombyx Batryticatus against Glutamate-Damaged PC12 Cells Via Regulating γ-Aminobutyric Acid Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030553. [PMID: 32012896 PMCID: PMC7037904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombyx Batryticatus (BB) is a known traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) utilized to treat convulsions, epilepsy, cough, asthma, headaches, etc. in China for thousands of years. This study is aimed at investigating optimum extraction of protein-rich extracts from BB (BBPs) using response surface methodology (RSM) and exploring the protective effects of BBPs against nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced PC12 cells injured by glutamate (Glu) and their underlying mechanisms. The results indicated optimum process of extraction was as follows: extraction time 1.00 h, ratio of liquid to the raw material 3.80 mL/g and ultrasonic power 230.0 W. The cell viability of PC12 cells stimulated by Glu was determined by CCK-8 assay. The levels of γ-aminobutyric (GABA), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR) in PC12 cells were assayed by ELISA. Furthermore, the Ca2+ levels in PC12 cells were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Protein and mRNA expressions of GABAA-Rα1, NMDAR1, GAD 65, GAD 67, GAT 1 and GAT 3 in PC12 cells were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting assays. Results revealed that BBPs decreased toxic effects due to Glu treatment and decreased Ca2+ levels in PC12 cells. After BBPs treatments, levels of GABA and 5-HT were increased and contents of TNF-α, IL-4 and IL-1β were decreased in NGF-induced PC12 cells injured by Glu. Moreover, BBPs up-regulated the expressions of GABAA-Rα1, GAD 65 and GAD 67, whereas down-regulated that of NMDAR1 GAT 1 and GAT 3. These findings suggested that BBPs possessed protective effects on NGF-induced PC12 cells injured by Glu via γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) signaling pathways, which demonstrated that BBPs has potential anti-epileptic effect in vitro. These findings may be useful in the development of novel medicine for the treatment of epilepsy.
Collapse
|