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Bugter JM, van Kerkhof P, Jordens I, Janssen E, Tran Ngoc Minh T, Iglesias van Montfort D, Jamieson C, Maurice MM. E3 ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3 display differential specificity for endocytosis of Frizzled receptors. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402575. [PMID: 38969364 PMCID: PMC11231576 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane E3 ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3 perform key tumour suppressor roles by inducing endocytosis of members of the Frizzled (FZD) family, the primary receptors for WNT. Loss-of-function mutations in RNF43 and ZNRF3 mediate FZD stabilisation and a WNT-hypersensitive growth state in various cancer types. Strikingly, RNF43 and ZNRF3 mutations are differentially distributed across cancer types, raising questions about their functional redundancy. Here, we compare the efficacy of RNF43 and ZNRF3 of targeting different FZDs for endocytosis. We find that RNF43 preferentially down-regulates FZD1/FZD5/FZD7, whereas ZNRF3 displays a preference towards FZD6. We show that the RNF43 transmembrane domain (TMD) is a key molecular determinant for inducing FZD5 endocytosis. Furthermore, a TMD swap between RNF43 and ZNRF3 re-directs their preference for FZD5 down-regulation. We conclude that RNF43 and ZNRF3 preferentially down-regulate specific FZDs, in part by a TMD-dependent mechanism. In accordance, tissue-specific expression patterns of FZD homologues correlate with the incidence of RNF43 or ZNRF3 cancer mutations in those tissues. Consequently, our data point to druggable vulnerabilities of specific FZD receptors in RNF43- or ZNRF3-mutant human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen M Bugter
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter van Kerkhof
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Jordens
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eline Janssen
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thi Tran Ngoc Minh
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Cara Jamieson
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Oncode Institute and Centre for Molecular Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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2
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Lund-Andersen C, Torgunrud A, Kanduri C, Dagenborg VJ, Frøysnes IS, Larsen MM, Davidson B, Larsen SG, Flatmark K. Novel drug resistance mechanisms and drug targets in BRAF-mutated peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer. J Transl Med 2024; 22:646. [PMID: 38982444 PMCID: PMC11234641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer (PM-CRC) have inferior prognosis and respond particularly poorly to chemotherapy. This study aims to identify the molecular explanation for the observed clinical behavior and suggest novel treatment strategies in PM-CRC. METHODS Tumor samples (230) from a Norwegian national cohort undergoing surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with mitomycin C (MMC) for PM-CRC were subjected to targeted DNA sequencing, and associations with clinical data were analyzed. mRNA sequencing was conducted on a subset of 30 samples to compare gene expression in tumors harboring BRAF or KRAS mutations and wild-type tumors. RESULTS BRAF mutations were detected in 27% of the patients, and the BRAF-mutated subgroup had inferior overall survival compared to wild-type cases (median 16 vs 36 months, respectively, p < 0.001). BRAF mutations were associated with RNF43/RSPO aberrations and low expression of negative Wnt regulators (ligand-dependent Wnt activation). Furthermore, BRAF mutations were associated with gene expression changes in transport solute carrier proteins (specifically SLC7A6) and drug metabolism enzymes (CES1 and CYP3A4) that could influence the efficacy of MMC and irinotecan, respectively. BRAF-mutated tumors additionally exhibited increased expression of members of the novel butyrophilin subfamily of immune checkpoint molecules (BTN1A1 and BTNL9). CONCLUSIONS BRAF mutations were frequently detected and were associated with particularly poor survival in this cohort, possibly related to ligand-dependent Wnt activation and altered drug transport and metabolism that could confer resistance to MMC and irinotecan. Drugs that target ligand-dependent Wnt activation or the BTN immune checkpoints could represent two novel therapy approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Lund-Andersen
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Annette Torgunrud
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Vegar J Dagenborg
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida S Frøysnes
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette M Larsen
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ben Davidson
- Departments of Pathology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stein G Larsen
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kjersti Flatmark
- Departments of Tumor Biology, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0310, Oslo, Norway
- Departments of Gastroenterological Surgery, Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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3
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Tsukiyama T. New insights in ubiquitin-dependent Wnt receptor regulation in tumorigenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:449-465. [PMID: 38383910 PMCID: PMC11126518 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-024-00855-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays a crucial role in embryonic development and homeostasis maintenance. Delicate and sensitive fine-tuning of Wnt signaling based on the proper timings and positions is required to balance cell proliferation and differentiation and maintain individual health. Therefore, homeostasis is broken by tissue hypoplasia or tumor formation once Wnt signal dysregulation disturbs the balance of cell proliferation. The well-known regulatory mechanism of Wnt signaling is the molecular reaction associated with the cytoplasmic accumulation of effector β-catenin. In addition to β-catenin, most Wnt effector proteins are also regulated by ubiquitin-dependent modification, both qualitatively and quantitatively. This review will explain the regulation of the whole Wnt signal in four regulatory phases, as well as the different ubiquitin ligases and the function of deubiquitinating enzymes in each phase. Along with the recent results, the mechanism by which RNF43 negatively regulates the surface expression of Wnt receptors, which has recently been well understood, will be detailed. Many RNF43 mutations have been identified in pancreatic and gastrointestinal cancers and examined for their functional alteration in Wnt signaling. Several mutations facilitate or activate the Wnt signal, reversing the RNF43 tumor suppressor function into an oncogene. RNF43 may simultaneously play different roles in classical multistep tumorigenesis, as both wild-type and mutant RNF43 suppress the p53 pathway. We hope that the knowledge obtained from further research in RNF43 will be applied to cancer treatment in the future despite the fully unclear function of RNF43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Tsukiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, 15NW7, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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4
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Tran THN, Takada R, Krayukhina E, Maruno T, Mii Y, Uchiyama S, Takada S. Soluble Frizzled-related proteins promote exosome-mediated Wnt re-secretion. Commun Biol 2024; 7:254. [PMID: 38429359 PMCID: PMC10907715 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnt proteins are thought to be transported in several ways in the extracellular space. For instance, they are known to be carried by exosomes and by Wnt-carrier proteins, such as sFRP proteins. However, little is known about whether and/or how these two transport systems are related. Here, we show that adding sFRP1 or sFRP2, but not sFRP3 or sFRP4, to culture medium containing Wnt3a or Wnt5a increases re-secretion of exosome-loaded Wnt proteins from cells. This effect of sFRP2 is counteracted by heparinase, which removes sugar chains on heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), but is independent of LRP5/6, Wnt co-receptors essential for Wnt signaling. Wnt3a and Wnt5a specifically dimerize with sFRP2 in culture supernatant. Furthermore, a Wnt3a mutant defective in heterodimerization with sFRP2 impairs the ability to increase exosome-mediated Wnt3a re-secretion. Based on these results, we propose that Wnt heterodimerization with its carrier protein, sFRP2, enhances Wnt accumulation at sugar chains on HSPGs on the cell surface, leading to increased endocytosis and exosome-mediated Wnt re-secretion. Our results suggest that the range of action of Wnt ligands is controlled by coordination of different transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hong Nguyen Tran
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Elena Krayukhina
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Analytical Development Department, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 5-5-1 Ukima, Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-8543, Japan
| | - Takahiro Maruno
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yusuke Mii
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- PREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Susumu Uchiyama
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- U-Medico Inc., 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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5
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Vogel A, Murugesan K, Kendre G, Quintanilha JCF, Ross JS, Brummer T, Saborowski A. Association of RNF43 Genetic Alterations With BRAF V600E and MSI high in Colorectal Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300411. [PMID: 38394466 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have provided evidence for a predictive value of RNF43 genetic alterations (GAs) as biomarkers for targeted therapies in microsatellite-stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC). These data have the potential to prioritize treatment strategies in patients with BRAFV600E-mutant CRC and help to identify a subgroup that is more likely to derive benefit versus those patients for whom alternative treatment approaches are needed. We were therefore interested in defining the precise frequency of BRAFV600E and RNF43 GAs and their respective overlap in a large cohort of patients with CRC. METHODS To address this question, we performed a retrospective analysis that included 52,969 patients diagnosed with CRC from the FoundationCORE database. RESULTS We observed a striking association of RNF43 GAs with MSI and tumor mutational burden status and BRAFV600E mutations. Overall, 23% of MSS patients with confirmed BRAFV600E mutation harbor an RNF43 GA-which accounts for 1.1% of all patients with CRC and for 15.7% of all CRC BRAFV600E cases. CONCLUSION Ongoing phase III clinical trials, such as BREAKWATER, should aim to incorporate broader genetic profiling to further validate the superior sensitivity of patients with RNF43-mutant, MSS BRAFV600E CRC to anti-EGFR-/BRAFi-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arndt Vogel
- Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Gajanan Kendre
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela (NITR), Rourkela, India
| | | | | | - Tilman Brummer
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Freiburg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Yue F, Ku AT, Stevens PD, Michalski MN, Jiang W, Tu J, Shi Z, Dou Y, Wang Y, Feng XH, Hostetter G, Wu X, Huang S, Shroyer NF, Zhang B, Williams BO, Liu Q, Lin X, Li Y. Loss of ZNRF3/RNF43 Unleashes EGFR in Cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.10.574969. [PMID: 38260423 PMCID: PMC10802575 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.10.574969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
ZNRF3 and RNF43 are closely related transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases with significant roles in development and cancer. Conventionally, their biological functions have been associated with regulating WNT signaling receptor ubiquitination and degradation. However, our proteogenomic studies have revealed EGFR as the most negatively correlated protein with ZNRF3/RNF43 mRNA levels in multiple human cancers. Through biochemical investigations, we demonstrate that ZNRF3/RNF43 interact with EGFR via their extracellular domains, leading to EGFR ubiquitination and subsequent degradation facilitated by the E3 ligase RING domain. Overexpression of ZNRF3 reduces EGFR levels and suppresses cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, whereas knockout of ZNRF3/RNF43 stimulates cell growth and tumorigenesis through upregulated EGFR signaling. Together, these data highlight ZNRF3 and RNF43 as novel E3 ubiquitin ligases of EGFR and establish the inactivation of ZNRF3/RNF43 as a driver of increased EGFR signaling, ultimately promoting cancer progression. This discovery establishes a connection between two fundamental signaling pathways, EGFR and WNT, at the level of cytoplasmic membrane receptor, uncovering a novel mechanism underlying the frequent co-activation of EGFR and WNT signaling in development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yue
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Amy T. Ku
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Payton D. Stevens
- Van Andel Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Megan N. Michalski
- Van Andel Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
| | - Weiyu Jiang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jianghua Tu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Zhongcheng Shi
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yongchao Dou
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Van Andel Institute, Core Technologies and Services, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Shixia Huang
- Advanced Technology Cores, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Education, Innovation & Technology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Noah F. Shroyer
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Bart O. Williams
- Van Andel Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Grand Rapids, Michigan, 49503, USA
- Van Andel Institute, Core Technologies and Services, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, USA
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xia Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Yi Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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7
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Valdeolivas A, Amberg B, Giroud N, Richardson M, Gálvez EJC, Badillo S, Julien-Laferrière A, Túrós D, Voith von Voithenberg L, Wells I, Pesti B, Lo AA, Yángüez E, Das Thakur M, Bscheider M, Sultan M, Kumpesa N, Jacobsen B, Bergauer T, Saez-Rodriguez J, Rottenberg S, Schwalie PC, Hahn K. Profiling the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer consensus molecular subtypes using spatial transcriptomics. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:10. [PMID: 38200223 PMCID: PMC10781769 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most widely-used gene expression-based classification and has contributed to a better understanding of disease heterogeneity and prognosis. Nevertheless, CMS intratumoral heterogeneity restricts its clinical application, stressing the necessity of further characterizing the composition and architecture of CRC. Here, we used Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to decipher the spatially resolved cellular and molecular composition of CRC. In addition to mapping the intratumoral heterogeneity of CMS and their microenvironment, we identified cell communication events in the tumor-stroma interface of CMS2 carcinomas. This includes tumor growth-inhibiting as well as -activating signals, such as the potential regulation of the ETV4 transcriptional activity by DCN or the PLAU-PLAUR ligand-receptor interaction. Our study illustrates the potential of ST to resolve CRC molecular heterogeneity and thereby help advance personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdeolivas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bettina Amberg
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Giroud
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Richardson
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric J C Gálvez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Solveig Badillo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alice Julien-Laferrière
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Demeter Túrós
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle Wells
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedek Pesti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy A Lo
- Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emilio Yángüez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Bscheider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Sultan
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Kumpesa
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Jacobsen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bergauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra C Schwalie
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Huang ZY, Wen L, Ye LF, Lu YT, Pat Fong W, Zhang RJ, Wu SX, Chen ZG, Cai YY, Xu RH, Li YH, Du ZM, Wang DS. Clinical and molecular characteristics of RNF43 mutations as promising prognostic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231220600. [PMID: 38205077 PMCID: PMC10777808 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231220600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase (RNF43) mutations are present in approximately 6-18% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and could enhance Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which is emerging as a promising therapeutic target. This study aims to investigate the clinical and molecular characteristics and potential heterogeneity of RNF43-mutant CRC. Methods A total of 78 patients with RNF43-mutant CRC were enrolled from July 2013 to November 2022. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, treatment regimens used, and survival outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results Our study uncovered that patients with RNF43 mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD; n = 50) exhibited shorter overall survival (OS; median months, 50.80 versus not reached; p = 0.043) compared to those in the C-terminal domain (CTD; n = 17). Most RNF43 mutations in NTD had positive primary lymph node status, low tumor mutation burden (TMB-L), and correlated with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR)/microsatellite stable (MSS) status. By contrast, RNF43 mutations in CTD were significantly enriched in deficient MMR (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI-H) tumors with high TMB (TMB-H). N-terminal RNF43-mutated tumors harbored a hotspot variant (RNF43 R117fs), which independently predicted a significantly worse outcome in pMMR/MSS CRC with a median OS of 18.9 months. Patients with RNF43 mutations and the BRAF V600E alterations demonstrated sensitivity to BRAF/EGFR inhibitors. Moreover, we observed that pMMR/MSS patients with RNF43 R117fs mutation had a higher incidence of stage IV, ⩾2 metastatic sites, low TMB, and none of them received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy. Conclusion Our findings provide the first evidence that RNF43 mutations in NTD and the R117fs variant correlate with a poorer prognosis in CRC patients, providing strategies for Wnt-targeted therapy to improve clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yao Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Fang Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Ting Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - William Pat Fong
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Jing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Si-Xian Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Yu Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Hua Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Hong Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Ming Du
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
| | - De-Shen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
- Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510060, P. R. China
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9
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Farnhammer F, Colozza G, Kim J. RNF43 and ZNRF3 in Wnt Signaling - A Master Regulator at the Membrane. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:376-384. [PMID: 37643759 PMCID: PMC10686798 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc23070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wnt β-catenin signaling pathway is a highly conserved mechanism that plays a critical role from embryonic development and adult stem cell homeostasis. However, dysregulation of the Wnt pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. Therefore, multiple layers of regulatory mechanisms tightly control the activation and suppression of the Wnt signal. The E3 ubiquitin ligases RNF43 and ZNRF3, which are known negative regulators of the Wnt pathway, are critical component of Wnt signaling regulation. These E3 ubiquitin ligases control Wnt signaling by targeting the Wnt receptor Frizzled to induce ubiquitination-mediated endo-lysosomal degradation, thus controlling the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. We also discuss the regulatory mechanisms, interactors, and evolution of RNF43 and ZNRF3. This review article summarizes recent findings on RNF43 and ZNRF3 and their potential implications for the development of therapeutic strategies to target the Wnt signaling pathway in various diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Farnhammer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Division of Oncology and Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Colozza
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Korea
- Center for Genome Engineering, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, Korea
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10
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Xu Y, Lin Z, Ji Y, Zhang C, Tang X, Li C, Liu T. Pan-cancer analysis identifies RNF43 as a prognostic, therapeutic and immunological biomarker. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:438. [PMID: 37848933 PMCID: PMC10580550 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01383-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RING finger protein 43 (RNF43), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is a homologous gene mutated in several cancers. However, the pan-cancer panoramic picture of RNF43 and its predictive value for tumor immune phenotypes and immunotherapeutic efficacy are still largely unclear. Our study aims to clarify the functions of RNF43 in predicting the prognosis, immune signature, and immunotherapeutic efficacy in pan-cancer. METHODS By using RNA-seq, mutation, and clinical data from the TCGA database, the expression levels and prognostic significance of RNF43 in pan-cancer were analyzed. The genetic alteration characteristics of RNF43 were displayed by the cBioPortal database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to investigate the potential biological functions and signaling pathways modulated by RNF43 in cancers. The relationship of RNF43 expression with immune cell infiltration, and immune modulators expression was interpreted by the ESTIMATE algorithm, CIBERSORT algorithm, and TISIDB database. The correlations between RNF43, microsatellite instability (MSI), and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were also investigated. Furthermore, the predictive value of RNF43 for immunotherapeutic efficacy and drug sensitivity was further illustrated. Besides, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to validate the expression of the RNF43 in different cancer types by our clinical cohorts, including patients with lung cancer, sarcoma, breast cancer, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma. RESULTS The results demonstrated that RNF43 was abnormally expressed in multiple cancers, and RNF43 is a critical prognosis-related factor in several cancers. RNF43 was frequently mutated in several cancers with a high frequency of 4%, and truncating mutation was the most frequent RNF43 mutation type. RNF43 expression was linked to the abundance of several immune cell types, including CD8+ T cells, B cells, and macrophages within the tumor immune microenvironment. Furthermore, RNF43 expression was significantly correlated with the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, and it could predict the sensitivity of various anti-cancer drugs. Finally, IHC explored and validated the different expression levels of RNF43 in different cancers by our clinical samples. CONCLUSION Our results first present the expression pattern and the mutation signature of RNF43, highlighting that RNF43 is an important prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer. Furthermore, RNF43 seems to be a critical modulator in the tumor immune microenvironment and can function as a promising biomarker for predicting the immunotherapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, and drug sensitivity in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjun Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiao Ji
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of The Emergency, The Fourth People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, 643000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianzhe Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chenzhou No.1, People's Hospital, Chenzhou, 423000, Hunan, China
| | - Chuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic, 920Th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 212 Daguan Road, Xishan District, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Tang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139# Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Li Z, Ma S, Zhang S, Ma Z, Du L, Li M. Degradation of extracellular and membrane proteins in targeted therapy: Status quo and quo vadis. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103716. [PMID: 37467880 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation (TPD) strategies, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) only work for intracellular protein degradation because they involve the intracellular protein degradation machinery. Several new technologies have emerged in recent years for TPD of extracellular and membrane proteins. Even though some progress has been demonstrated in the extracellular and membrane protein degradation field, the application of these technologies is still in its infancy. In this review, we survey the therapeutic potential of existing technologies by summarizing and reviewing discoveries and hurdles in extracellular and membrane protein-of-interest (POI) degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Siyue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shuxin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Lupei Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Helmholtz International Lab, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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12
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Hatakeyama Y, Saito N, Mii Y, Takada R, Shinozuka T, Takemoto T, Naoki H, Takada S. Intercellular exchange of Wnt ligands reduces cell population heterogeneity during embryogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1924. [PMID: 37024462 PMCID: PMC10079677 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is required to maintain bipotent progenitors for neural and paraxial mesoderm cells, the neuromesodermal progenitor (NMP) cells that reside in the epiblast and tailbud. Since epiblast/tailbud cells receive Wnt ligands produced by one another, this exchange may average out the heterogeneity of Wnt signaling levels among these cells. Here, we examined this possibility by replacing endogenous Wnt3a with a receptor-fused form that activates signaling in producing cells, but not in neighboring cells. Mutant mouse embryos show a unique phenotype in which maintenance of many NMP cells is impaired, although some cells persist for long periods. The epiblast cell population of these embryos increases heterogeneity in Wnt signaling levels as embryogenesis progresses and are sensitive to retinoic acid, an endogenous antagonist of NMP maintenance. Thus, mutual intercellular exchange of Wnt ligands in the epiblast cell population reduces heterogeneity and achieves robustness to environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Hatakeyama
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Nen Saito
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8511, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Mii
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- PREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ritsuko Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Takuma Shinozuka
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-5 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Honda Naoki
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-2 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8511, Japan
| | - Shinji Takada
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan.
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13
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Ishino T, Kawashima S, Tanji E, Ueno T, Ueda Y, Ogasawara S, Sato K, Mano H, Ishihara S, Kato N, Kawazu M, Togashi Y. Somatic mutations can induce a noninflamed tumour microenvironment via their original gene functions, despite deriving neoantigens. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1166-1175. [PMID: 36732592 PMCID: PMC10006227 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying biomarkers to predict immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy is warranted. Considering that somatic mutation-derived neoantigens induce strong immune responses, patients with a high tumour mutational burden reportedly tend to respond to ICIs. However, there are several conflicting data. Therefore, we focused on the original function of neoantigenic mutations and their impact on the tumour microenvironment (TME). METHODS We evaluated 88 high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) colorectal cancers and analysed the function of the identified neoantigenic mutations and their influence on programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) blockade efficacy. The results were validated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. RESULTS We identified frameshift mutations in RNF43 as a common neoantigenic gene mutation in MSI-H tumours. However, loss-of-function RNF43 mutations induced noninflamed TME by activating the WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway. In addition, loss of RNF43 function induced resistance to PD-1 blockade even in neoantigen-rich tumours. TCGA dataset analyses demonstrated that passenger rather than driver gene mutations were related to the inflamed TME in diverse cancer types. CONCLUSIONS We propose a novel concept of "paradoxical neoantigenic mutations" that can induce noninflamed TME through their original gene functions, despite deriving neoantigens, suggesting the significance of qualities as well as quantities in neoantigenic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Ishino
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1‑8‑1 Inohana, Chuo‑ku, Chiba, 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Shusuke Kawashima
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1‑8‑1 Inohana, Chuo‑ku, Chiba, 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Etsuko Tanji
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ueno
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Youki Ueda
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Sadahisa Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1‑8‑1 Inohana, Chuo‑ku, Chiba, 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sato
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mano
- Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo; 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Naoya Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1‑8‑1 Inohana, Chuo‑ku, Chiba, 260‑8670, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawazu
- Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan. .,Division of Cellular Signaling, National Cancer Center Research Institute; 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Togashi
- Department of Tumor Microenvironment, Okayama University, Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan. .,Division of Cell Therapy, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8717, Japan.
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14
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Raut P, Nimmakayala RK, Batra SK, Ponnusamy MP. Clinical and Molecular Attributes and Evaluation of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasm. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188851. [PMID: 36535512 PMCID: PMC9898173 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) and mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) are all considered "Pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs)" and show a varying risk of developing into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). These lesions display different molecular characteristics, mutations, and clinical manifestations. A lack of detailed understanding of PCN subtype characteristics and their molecular mechanisms limits the development of efficient diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies for these lesions. Proper in vivo mouse models that mimic human PCNs are also needed to study the molecular mechanisms and for therapeutic testing. A comprehensive understanding of the current status of PCN biology, mechanisms, current diagnostic methods, and therapies will help in the early detection and proper management of patients with these lesions and PDAC. This review aims to describe all these aspects of PCNs, specifically IPMNs, by describing the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratima Raut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Rama Krishna Nimmakayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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15
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Rusilowicz-Jones EV, Brazel AJ, Frigenti F, Urbé S, Clague MJ. Membrane compartmentalisation of the ubiquitin system. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:171-184. [PMID: 34895815 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We now have a comprehensive inventory of ubiquitin system components. Understanding of any system also needs an appreciation of how components are organised together. Quantitative proteomics has provided us with a census of their relative populations in several model cell types. Here, by examining large scale unbiased data sets, we seek to identify and map those components, which principally reside on the major organelles of the endomembrane system. We present the consensus distribution of > 50 ubiquitin modifying enzymes, E2s, E3s and DUBs, that possess transmembrane domains. This analysis reveals that the ER and endosomal compartments have a diverse cast of resident E3s, whilst the Golgi and mitochondria operate with a more restricted palette. We describe key functions of ubiquitylation that are specific to each compartment and relate this to their signature complement of ubiquitin modifying components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma V Rusilowicz-Jones
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Ailbhe J Brazel
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth W23 F2K6, Ireland
| | - Francesca Frigenti
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Sylvie Urbé
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Michael J Clague
- Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
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16
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Flanagan DJ, Woodcock SA, Phillips C, Eagle C, Sansom OJ. Targeting ligand-dependent wnt pathway dysregulation in gastrointestinal cancers through porcupine inhibition. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 238:108179. [PMID: 35358569 PMCID: PMC9531712 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are responsible for more cancer deaths than any other system of the body. This review summarises how Wnt pathway dysregulation contributes to the development of the most common gastrointestinal cancers, with a particular focus on the nature and frequency of upstream pathway aberrations. Tumors with upstream aberrations maintain a dependency on the presence of functional Wnt ligand, and are predicted to be tractable to inhibitors of Porcupine, an enzyme that plays a key role in Wnt secretion. We summarise available pre-clinical efficacy data from Porcupine inhibitors in vitro and in vivo, as well as potential toxicities and the data from early phase clinical trials. We appraise the rationale for biomarker-defined targeted approaches, as well as outlining future opportunities for combination with other therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin J Flanagan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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17
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Cho AR, Sul HJ, Kim YJ, Kim B, Zang DY. RNF43 R117fs mutant positively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling by failing to internalize FZD expressed on the cell surface. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7013. [PMID: 35487932 PMCID: PMC9054848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10868-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) encodes the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets the Wnt receptor Frizzled (FZD). RNF43 mutations have been discovered in various human cancers including colon, pancreatic, stomach, ovarian, and liver cancers. Functional studies on RNF43 missense mutations have shown that they negatively regulate Wnt signaling; however, there are few functional studies on RNF43 frameshift mutations. In this study, we showed that R117fs and P441fs mutants enhanced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, whereas Q409fs and G659fs mutants retained the ability to suppress Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Specifically, R117fs was unable to ubiquitinate FZD5 due to lack of the RING domain, although it was able to interact with FZD5. Immunofluorescence showed that R117fs failed to internalize FZD5 expressed on the cell surface. We also showed that LGK974, a potent Wnt inhibitor, decreased the Wnt/β-catenin activity by R117fs and P441fs mutations. Together, these results demonstrate that RNF43 frameshift mutations retain normal functionality; thus, targeted anti-cancer therapy can be developed according to the mutation type of RNF43.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Ri Cho
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, 14054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Sul
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, 14054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, 14054, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, 14054, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Zang
- Hallym Translational Research Institute, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si, 14054, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170, beon-gil, Dongan-gu, Anyang‑si, Gyeonggi‑do, 14068, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Koushyar S, Meniel VS, Phesse TJ, Pearson HB. Exploring the Wnt Pathway as a Therapeutic Target for Prostate Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:309. [PMID: 35204808 PMCID: PMC8869457 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of the Wnt pathway is emerging as a frequent event during prostate cancer that can facilitate tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic resistance. Recent discoveries indicate that targeting the Wnt pathway to treat prostate cancer may be efficacious. However, the functional consequence of activating the Wnt pathway during the different stages of prostate cancer progression remains unclear. Preclinical work investigating the efficacy of targeting Wnt signaling for the treatment of prostate cancer, both in primary and metastatic lesions, and improving our molecular understanding of treatment responses is crucial to identifying effective treatment strategies and biomarkers that help guide treatment decisions and improve patient care. In this review, we outline the type of genetic alterations that lead to activated Wnt signaling in prostate cancer, highlight the range of laboratory models used to study the role of Wnt genetic drivers in prostate cancer, and discuss new mechanistic insights into how the Wnt cascade facilitates prostate cancer growth, metastasis, and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koushyar
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston Upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Valerie S. Meniel
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Toby J. Phesse
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3000, Australia
| | - Helen B. Pearson
- The European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (S.K.); (V.S.M.)
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19
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Sakihama K, Koga Y, Yamamoto T, Shimada Y, Yamada Y, Kawata J, Shindo K, Nakamura M, Oda Y. RNF43 as a predictor of malignant transformation of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm. Virchows Arch 2022; 480:1189-1199. [PMID: 35066614 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-022-03277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas rarely progresses to invasive carcinoma, but few studies have analyzed genomic alterations involved in its malignant transformation. The relationships of ring finger protein 43 (RNF43) mutations with cytological atypia, RNF43 protein expression, and Wnt signaling proteins in MCN remain unclear. This study included 106 MCN cases, classified into 89 low-grade dysplasia (LG), 9 high-grade dysplasia (HG), and 8 invasive carcinoma (INV). We analyzed HG/INV and LG lesions of 9 HG/INV cases and LG lesions of 9 LG cases using targeted sequencing and confirmed the protein expression of RNF43 and β-catenin. The frequency of RNF43 mutations was significantly higher in HG/INV cases than in LG cases. Furthermore, HG/INV lesions (56%) and LG lesions (33%) of HG/INV cases possessed RNF43 mutation, whereas no such mutation was detected in any LG cases. The expression of RNF43 was reduced in 71% of HG/INV cases and significantly correlated with histological grade and aberrant expression of β-catenin. In 3 of 5 RNF43-mutated cases, the expression of RNF43 was reduced, but there was no significant correlation between RNF43 mutation and protein expression. MCNs frequently harbored KRAS mutations, at rates of 100% in HG/INV lesions and 50% in LG lesions of HG/INV and LG cases. There was no significant difference in mutation frequency in LG lesions between HG/INV and LG cases. These results suggest that RNF43 mutations may be involved in and predictive of malignant transformation from an early stage of MCN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kukiko Sakihama
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Koga
- Department of Pathology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Shimada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamada
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun Kawata
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masafumi Nakamura
- Department of Surgery and Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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20
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Lebensohn AM, Bazan JF, Rohatgi R. Receptor control by membrane-tethered ubiquitin ligases in development and tissue homeostasis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 150:25-89. [PMID: 35817504 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Paracrine cell-cell communication is central to all developmental processes, ranging from cell diversification to patterning and morphogenesis. Precise calibration of signaling strength is essential for the fidelity of tissue formation during embryogenesis and tissue maintenance in adults. Membrane-tethered ubiquitin ligases can control the sensitivity of target cells to secreted ligands by regulating the abundance of signaling receptors at the cell surface. We discuss two examples of this emerging concept in signaling: (1) the transmembrane ubiquitin ligases ZNRF3 and RNF43 that regulate WNT and bone morphogenetic protein receptor abundance in response to R-spondin ligands and (2) the membrane-recruited ubiquitin ligase MGRN1 that controls Hedgehog and melanocortin receptor abundance. We focus on the mechanistic logic of these systems, illustrated by structural and protein interaction models enabled by AlphaFold. We suggest that membrane-tethered ubiquitin ligases play a widespread role in remodeling the cell surface proteome to control responses to extracellular ligands in diverse biological processes.
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21
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Manku G, Kong CC, Culty M. Role of the Ubiquitin Ligase RNF149 in the Development of Rat Neonatal Gonocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:896507. [PMID: 35634494 PMCID: PMC9136010 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.896507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Male reproductive function depends on the formation of spermatogonial stem cells from their neonatal precursors, the gonocytes. Previously, we identified several UPS enzymes dynamically altered during gonocyte differentiation. The present work focuses on understanding the role of the RING finger protein 149 (RNF149), an E3 ligase that we found to be strongly expressed in gonocytes and downregulated in spermatogonia. The quantification of RNF149 mRNA from postnatal day (PND) 2 to 35 (puberty) in rat testis, brain, liver, kidney, and heart indicated that its highest levels are found in the testis. RNF149 knock-down in PND3 rat gonocytes was performed to better understand its role in gonocyte development. While a proliferative cocktail of PDGF-BB and 17β-estradiol (P+E) increased both the expression levels of the cell proliferation marker PCNA and RNF149 in mock cells, the effects of P+E on both genes were reduced in cells treated with RNF149 siRNA, suggesting that RNF149 expression is regulated during gonocyte proliferation and that there might be a functional link between RNF149 and PCNA. To examine RNF149 subcellular localization, EGFP-tagged RNF149 vectors were constructed, after determining the rat testis RNF149 mRNA sequence. Surprisingly, two variant transcripts were expressed in rat tissues, predicting truncated proteins, one containing the PA and the other the RING functional domains. Transfection in mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells and C18-4 spermatogonial cell lines showed differential subcellular profiles of the two truncated proteins. Overall, the results of this study support a role for RNF149 in gonocyte proliferation and suggest its transcription to variant mRNAs resulting in two proteins with different functional domains. Future studies will examine the respective roles of these variant proteins in the cell lines and isolated gonocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurpreet Manku
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chi-Chon Kong
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martine Culty
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- The Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Martine Culty,
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22
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Pangestu NS, Chueakwon P, Talabnin K, Khiaowichit J, Talabnin C. RNF43 overexpression attenuates the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway to suppress tumour progression in cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:846. [PMID: 34733364 PMCID: PMC8561214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) is a ubiquitin E3 ligase that negatively regulates Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Mutation, inactivation and downregulation of RNF43 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are associated with a less favourable prognosis. Since the functional role of RNF43 in CCA has not yet been demonstrated, the present study aimed to assess the effect of its overexpression in mediating CCA suppression via Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway inhibition. Accordingly, RNF43 was overexpressed, and various malignant phenotypic changes studied, including cell proliferation, cell migration, chemotherapeutic sensitivity and the expression of several Wnt/β-catenin target genes. Overexpression of RNF43 in the CCA cell-line KKU-213B hindered activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, evidenced by: i) Accumulation of β-catenin in the cytoplasmic fraction and downregulation of several known Wnt target genes at the mRNA level [AXIN2, survivin (BIRC5), CCND1, MMP-7, c-MYC and ABCB1 (MDR1)]; ii) a reduction of cell proliferation; iii) a significant decrease in KKU-213B cell migration with RNF43 overexpression via upregulation of E-cadherin (CDH1); and iv) a reduction in N-cadherin (CDH2), MMP-2, MMP-7 and MMP-9. In addition, overexpression of RNF43 increased 5-fluorouracil sensitivity and downregulation of ABC transporter genes [including ABCB1 and ABCC1 (MRP1)]. The current results demonstrate a functional role for RNF43 in CCA by: i) Blocking β-catenin nuclear translocation; and ii) the subsequent downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes (the latter being involved in the progression of CCA and chemotherapeutic drug susceptibility). Therefore, the present findings suggest that RNF43 could serve a tumour suppressive role in CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Sainstika Pangestu
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Piyasiri Chueakwon
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Krajang Talabnin
- School of Pathology, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Juthamas Khiaowichit
- School of Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Talabnin
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
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23
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Radaszkiewicz T, Nosková M, Gömöryová K, Vondálová Blanářová O, Radaszkiewicz KA, Picková M, Víchová R, Gybeľ T, Kaiser K, Demková L, Kučerová L, Bárta T, Potěšil D, Zdráhal Z, Souček K, Bryja V. RNF43 inhibits WNT5A-driven signaling and suppresses melanoma invasion and resistance to the targeted therapy. eLife 2021; 10:65759. [PMID: 34702444 PMCID: PMC8550759 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF43 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase and known negative regulator of WNT/β-catenin signaling. We demonstrate that RNF43 is also a regulator of noncanonical WNT5A-induced signaling in human cells. Analysis of the RNF43 interactome using BioID and immunoprecipitation showed that RNF43 can interact with the core receptor complex components dedicated to the noncanonical Wnt pathway such as ROR1, ROR2, VANGL1, and VANGL2. RNF43 triggers VANGL2 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and clathrin-dependent internalization of ROR1 receptor and inhibits ROR2 activation. These activities of RNF43 are physiologically relevant and block pro-metastatic WNT5A signaling in melanoma. RNF43 inhibits responses to WNT5A, which results in the suppression of invasive properties of melanoma cells. Furthermore, RNF43 prevented WNT5A-assisted development of resistance to BRAF V600E and MEK inhibitors. Next, RNF43 acted as melanoma suppressor and improved response to targeted therapies in vivo. In line with these findings, RNF43 expression decreases during melanoma progression and RNF43-low patients have a worse prognosis. We conclude that RNF43 is a newly discovered negative regulator of WNT5A-mediated biological responses that desensitizes cells to WNT5A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Nosková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Gömöryová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Vondálová Blanářová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | - Markéta Picková
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ráchel Víchová
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gybeľ
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Demková
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Kučerová
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Bárta
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Souček
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic.,International Clinical Research Center FNUSA-ICRC, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics CAS, Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Kim M, Reinhard C, Niehrs C. A MET-PTPRK kinase-phosphatase rheostat controls ZNRF3 and Wnt signaling. eLife 2021; 10:70885. [PMID: 34590584 PMCID: PMC8516413 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) is a transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets Wnt receptors for ubiquitination and lysosomal degradation. Previously, we showed that dephosphorylation of an endocytic tyrosine motif (4Y motif) in ZNRF3 by protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (PTPRK) promotes ZNRF3 internalization and Wnt receptor degradation (Chang et al 2020). However, a responsible protein tyrosine kinase(s) (PTK) phosphorylating the 4Y motif remained elusive. Here we identify the proto-oncogene MET (mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor) as a 4Y kinase. MET binds to ZNRF3 and induces 4Y phosphorylation, stimulated by the MET ligand HGF (hepatocyte growth factor, scatter factor). HGF-MET signaling reduces ZNRF3-dependent Wnt receptor degradation thereby enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, depletion or pharmacological inhibition of MET promotes the internalization of ZNRF3 and Wnt receptor degradation. We conclude that HGF-MET signaling phosphorylates- and PTPRK dephosphorylates ZNRF3 to regulate ZNRF3 internalization, functioning as a rheostat for Wnt signaling that may offer novel opportunities for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseong Kim
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reinhard
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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25
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Kannt A, Đikić I. Expanding the arsenal of E3 ubiquitin ligases for proximity-induced protein degradation. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:1014-1031. [PMID: 33945791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Efficacy and selectivity of molecules inducing protein degradation depend on their affinity to the target protein but also on the type of E3 ubiquitin ligase that is recruited to trigger proteasomal degradation. While tremendous progress has been made on the former, the latter-the arsenal of E3 ligases that can be hijacked for targeted protein degradation-is still largely unexplored. Only about 2% of the more than 600 E3 ligases have been utilized to date. Exploiting additional E3 ligases that are, for example, selectively expressed in specific tissues or cells, or regulated under certain conditions, can considerably broaden the applicability of molecular degraders as a therapeutic modality. Here, we provide an overview of major classes of E3 ligases, review the enzymes that have been exploited for induced protein degradation and approaches used to identify or design E3 ligands, and highlight challenges and opportunities for targeting new E3 ligases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ivan Đikić
- Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry II, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Max-von-Laue Straße 3, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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26
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Giebel N, de Jaime-Soguero A, García Del Arco A, Landry JJM, Tietje M, Villacorta L, Benes V, Fernández-Sáiz V, Acebrón SP. USP42 protects ZNRF3/RNF43 from R-spondin-dependent clearance and inhibits Wnt signalling. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e51415. [PMID: 33786993 PMCID: PMC8097334 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202051415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumour suppressors RNF43 and ZNRF3 play a central role in development and tissue homeostasis by promoting the turnover of the Wnt receptors LRP6 and Frizzled (FZD). The stem cell growth factor R‐spondin induces auto‐ubiquitination and membrane clearance of ZNRF3/RNF43 to promote Wnt signalling. However, the deubiquitinase stabilising ZNRF3/RNF43 at the plasma membrane remains unknown. Here, we show that the USP42 antagonises R‐spondin by protecting ZNRF3/RNF43 from ubiquitin‐dependent clearance. USP42 binds to the Dishevelled interacting region (DIR) of ZNRF3 and stalls the R‐spondin‐LGR4‐ZNRF3 ternary complex by deubiquitinating ZNRF3. Accordingly, USP42 increases the turnover of LRP6 and Frizzled (FZD) receptors and inhibits Wnt signalling. Furthermore, we show that USP42 functions as a roadblock for paracrine Wnt signalling in colon cancer cells and mouse small intestinal organoids. We provide new mechanistic insights into the regulation R‐spondin and conclude that USP42 is crucial for ZNRF3/RNF43 stabilisation at the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Giebel
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Ana García Del Arco
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonathan J M Landry
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marlene Tietje
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Villacorta
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Benes
- Genomics Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanesa Fernández-Sáiz
- Department of Medicine III, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergio P Acebrón
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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27
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Tsukiyama T, Koo BK, Hatakeyama S. Post-translational Wnt receptor regulation: Is the fog slowly clearing?: The molecular mechanism of RNF43/ZNRF3 ubiquitin ligases is not yet fully elucidated and still controversial. Bioessays 2021; 43:e2000297. [PMID: 33569855 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling plays pivotal roles during our entire lives, from conception to death, through the regulation of morphogenesis in developing embryos and the maintenance of tissue homeostasis in adults. The regulation of Wnt signaling occurs on several levels: at the receptor level on the plasma membrane, at the β-catenin protein level in the cytoplasm, and through transcriptional regulation in the nucleus. Several recent studies have focused on the mechanisms of Wnt receptor regulation, following the discovery that the Wnt receptor frizzled (Fzd) is a target of the ubiquitin ligases, RNF43 and ZNRF3. RNF43 and ZNRF3 are homologous genes that are mutated in several cancers. The details underlying their mechanism of action continue to unfold, while at the same time raising many new questions. In this review, we discuss advances and controversies in our understanding of Wnt receptor regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadasuke Tsukiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Bon-Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, Austria
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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28
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Wu XT, Wang YH, Cai XY, Dong Y, Cui Q, Zhou YN, Yang XW, Lu WF, Zhang M. RNF115 promotes lung adenocarcinoma through Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation by mediating APC ubiquitination. Cancer Metab 2021; 9:7. [PMID: 33509267 PMCID: PMC7842072 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-021-00243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) have high mortality rate and poor prognosis. The LUAD cells display increased aerobic glycolysis, which generates energy required for their survival and proliferation. Deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway induces the metabolism switching and oncogenesis in tumor cells. RING finger protein 115 (RNF115) is an E3 ligase for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Although the oncogenic functions of RNF115 have been revealed in breast tumor cells, the effect of RNF115 on lung cancer is still not clear. Methods RNF115 expression and its correlation with the features of LUAD patients were analyzed by using public database and our own cohort. The functions of RNF115 in proliferation and energy metabolism in LUAD cells were explored by downregulating or upregulating RNF115 expression. Results We demonstrated that RNF115 was overexpressed in LUAD tissues and its expression was positively correlated with the poor overall survival of LUAD patients. Moreover, RNF115 overexpression inhibited LUAD cell apoptosis and promoted cellular proliferation and metabolism in LUAD cells. On the contrary, RNF115 knockdown displayed reverse effects. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of the biological function of RNF115 in LUAD was through regulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway via ubiquitination of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Conclusion The current study reveals a close association between RNF115 expression and prognostic conditions in LUAD patients and the oncogenic roles of RNF115 in LUAD at the first time. These findings may help establish the foundation for the development of therapeutics strategies and clinical management for lung cancer in future. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40170-021-00243-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yu-Han Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Cai
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yun Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Qing Cui
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ya-Ning Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xi-Wen Yang
- LongHua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/Oncology Division 2, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Feng Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Cotton AD, Nguyen DP, Gramespacher JA, Seiple IB, Wells JA. Development of Antibody-Based PROTACs for the Degradation of the Cell-Surface Immune Checkpoint Protein PD-L1. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:593-598. [PMID: 33395526 PMCID: PMC8154509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c10008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation has emerged as a new paradigm to manipulate cellular proteostasis. Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are bifunctional small molecules that recruit an E3 ligase to a target protein of interest, promoting its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Here, we report the development of antibody-based PROTACs (AbTACs), fully recombinant bispecific antibodies that recruit membrane-bound E3 ligases for the degradation of cell-surface proteins. We show that an AbTAC can induce the lysosomal degradation of programmed death-ligand 1 by recruitment of the membrane-bound E3 ligase RNF43. AbTACs represent a new archetype within the PROTAC field to target cell-surface proteins with fully recombinant biological molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D. Cotton
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Duy P. Nguyen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Josef A. Gramespacher
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Ian B. Seiple
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Cardiovascular
Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - James A. Wells
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University
of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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30
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Bugter JM, Fenderico N, Maurice MM. Mutations and mechanisms of WNT pathway tumour suppressors in cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2021; 21:5-21. [PMID: 33097916 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-020-00307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutation-induced activation of WNT-β-catenin signalling is a frequent driver event in human cancer. Sustained WNT-β-catenin pathway activation endows cancer cells with sustained self-renewing growth properties and is associated with therapy resistance. In healthy adult stem cells, WNT pathway activity is carefully controlled by core pathway tumour suppressors as well as negative feedback regulators. Gene inactivation experiments in mouse models unequivocally demonstrated the relevance of WNT tumour suppressor loss-of-function mutations for cancer growth. However, in human cancer, a far more complex picture has emerged in which missense or truncating mutations mediate stable expression of mutant proteins, with distinct functional and phenotypic ramifications. Herein, we review recent advances and challenges in our understanding of how different mutational subsets of WNT tumour suppressor genes link to distinct cancer types, clinical outcomes and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen M Bugter
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nicola Fenderico
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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31
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Zhong ZA, Michalski MN, Stevens PD, Sall EA, Williams BO. Regulation of Wnt receptor activity: Implications for therapeutic development in colon cancer. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100782. [PMID: 34000297 PMCID: PMC8214085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of Wnt/β-catenin (canonical) signaling in colorectal cancers (CRCs) was identified in the 1990s. Most CRC patients have mutations in genes that encode components of the Wnt pathway. Inactivating mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, which encodes a protein necessary for β-catenin degradation, are by far the most prevalent. Other Wnt signaling components are mutated in a smaller proportion of CRCs; these include a FZD-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase known as ring finger protein 43 that removes FZDs from the cell membrane. Our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic landscape of CRC has grown exponentially because of contributions from high-throughput sequencing projects such as The Cancer Genome Atlas. Despite this, no Wnt modulators have been successfully developed for CRC-targeted therapies. In this review, we will focus on the Wnt receptor complex, and speculate on recent discoveries about ring finger protein 43regulating Wnt receptors in CRCs. We then review the current debate on a new APC-Wnt receptor interaction model with therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong A Zhong
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Megan N Michalski
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Payton D Stevens
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Emily A Sall
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Bart O Williams
- Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA.
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Theerakittayakorn K, Thi Nguyen H, Musika J, Kunkanjanawan H, Imsoonthornruksa S, Somredngan S, Ketudat-Cairns M, Parnpai R. Differentiation Induction of Human Stem Cells for Corneal Epithelial Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7834. [PMID: 33105778 PMCID: PMC7660084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of corneal epithelium causes vision impairment or blindness in severe cases. Transplantation of corneal epithelial cells is an effective treatment but the availability of the tissue source for those cells is inadequate. Stem cells can be induced to differentiate to corneal epithelial cells and used in the treatment. Multipotent stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells) and pluripotent stem cells (embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells) are promising cells to address the problem. Various protocols have been developed to induce differentiation of the stem cells into corneal epithelial cells. The feasibility and efficacy of both human stem cells and animal stem cells have been investigated for corneal epithelium regeneration. However, some physiological aspects of animal stem cells are different from those of human stem cells, the protocols suited for animal stem cells might not be suitable for human stem cells. Therefore, in this review, only the investigations of corneal epithelial differentiation of human stem cells are taken into account. The available protocols for inducing the differentiation of human stem cells into corneal epithelial cells are gathered and compared. Also, the pathways involving in the differentiation are provided to elucidate the relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Theerakittayakorn
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Hong Thi Nguyen
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Jidapa Musika
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Hataiwan Kunkanjanawan
- Medeze Research and Development Co., Ltd. 28/9 Moo 8, Phutthamonthon Sai 4 Rd., Krathum Lom, Sam Phran, Nakhon Pathom 73220, Thailand;
| | - Sumeth Imsoonthornruksa
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Sirilak Somredngan
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Mariena Ketudat-Cairns
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
| | - Rangsun Parnpai
- Embryo Technology and Stem Cell Research Center, School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; (K.T.); (H.T.N.); (J.M.); (S.I.); (S.S.); (M.K.-C.)
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Yu J, Yusoff PAM, Woutersen DTJ, Goh P, Harmston N, Smits R, Epstein DM, Virshup DM, Madan B. The Functional Landscape of Patient-Derived RNF43 Mutations Predicts Sensitivity to Wnt Inhibition. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5619-5632. [PMID: 33067269 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-0957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A subset of Wnt-addicted cancers are sensitive to targeted therapies that block Wnt secretion or receptor engagement. RNF43 loss-of-function (LOF) mutations that increase cell surface Wnt receptor abundance cause sensitivity to Wnt inhibitors. However, it is not clear which of the clinically identified RNF43 mutations affect its function in vivo. We assayed 119 missense and 45 truncating RNF43 mutations found in human cancers using a combination of cell-based reporter assays, genome editing, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Five common germline variants of RNF43 exhibited wild-type activity. Cancer-associated missense mutations in the RING ubiquitin ligase domain and a subset of mutations in the extracellular domain hyperactivate Wnt/β-catenin signaling through formation of inactive dimers with endogenous RNF43 or ZNRF3. RNF43 C-terminal truncation mutants, including the common G659fs mutant are LOF specifically when endogenous mutations are examined, unlike their behavior in transient transfection assays. Patient-derived xenografts and cell lines with C-terminal truncations showed increased cell surface Frizzled and Wnt/β-catenin signaling and were responsive to porcupine (PORCN) inhibition in vivo, providing clear evidence of RNF43 impairment. Our study provides potential guidelines for patient assignment, as virtually all RNF43 nonsense and frameshift mutations, including those in the C-terminal domain and a large number of patient-associated missense mutations in the RING domain and N-terminal region compromise its activity, and therefore predict response to upstream Wnt inhibitors in cancers without microsatellite instability. This study expands the landscape of actionable RNF43 mutations, extending the benefit of these therapies to additional patients. SIGNIFICANCE: Systematic examination of patient-derived RNF43 mutations identifies rules to guide patient selection, including that truncation or point mutations in well-defined functional domains sensitize cancers to PORCN inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yu
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Daniëlle T J Woutersen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pamela Goh
- Center for Technology and Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nathan Harmston
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ron Smits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David M Epstein
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Technology and Development, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David M Virshup
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Babita Madan
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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34
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Aiyama T, Orimo T, Yokoo H, Ohata T, Hatanaka KC, Hatanaka Y, Fukai M, Kamiyama T, Taketomi A. Adenomatous polyposis coli-binding protein end-binding 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth and metastasis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239462. [PMID: 32956413 PMCID: PMC7505586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the clinical significance of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)-binding protein end-binding 1 (EB1) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and to characterize its biochemical role in comparison with previous reports. We performed immunohistochemical staining to detect EB1 expression in tissues from 235 patients with HCC and investigated its correlations with clinicopathological features and prognosis. We also investigated the roles of EB1 in cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo by siRNA- and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated modulation of EB1 expression in human HCC cell lines. The results showed that EB1 expression was significantly correlated with several important factors associated with tumor malignancy, including histological differentiation, portal vein invasion status, and intrahepatic metastasis. Patients with high EB1 expression in HCC tissue had poorer overall survival and higher recurrence rates than patients with low EB1 expression. EB1 knockdown and knockout in HCC cells reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Further, genes encoding Dlk1, HAMP, and SLCO1B3 that were differentially expressed in association with EB1 were identified using RNA microarray analysis. In conclusion, elevated expression of EB1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis of HCC. EB1 may serve as a new biomarker for HCC, and genes coexpressed with EB1 may represent potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Aiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Orimo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takanori Ohata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Moto Fukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kamiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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A phospho-switch controls RNF43-mediated degradation of Wnt receptors to suppress tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4586. [PMID: 32934222 PMCID: PMC7492264 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18257-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequent mutation of the tumour suppressor RNF43 is observed in many cancers, particularly colon malignancies. RNF43, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, negatively regulates Wnt signalling by inducing degradation of the Wnt receptor Frizzled. In this study, we discover that RNF43 activity requires phosphorylation at a triplet of conserved serines. This phospho-regulation of RNF43 is required for zebrafish development and growth of mouse intestinal organoids. Cancer-associated mutations that abrogate RNF43 phosphorylation cooperate with active Ras to promote tumorigenesis by abolishing the inhibitory function of RNF43 in Wnt signalling while maintaining its inhibitory function in p53 signalling. Our data suggest that RNF43 mutations cooperate with KRAS mutations to promote multi-step tumorigenesis via the Wnt-Ras-p53 axis in human colon cancers. Lastly, phosphomimetic substitutions of the serine trio restored the tumour suppressive activity of extracellular oncogenic mutants. Therefore, harnessing phospho-regulation of RNF43 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for tumours with RNF43 mutations.
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36
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Spit M, Fenderico N, Jordens I, Radaszkiewicz T, Lindeboom RGH, Bugter JM, Cristobal A, Ootes L, van Osch M, Janssen E, Boonekamp KE, Hanakova K, Potesil D, Zdrahal Z, Boj SF, Medema JP, Bryja V, Koo B, Vermeulen M, Maurice MM. RNF43 truncations trap CK1 to drive niche-independent self-renewal in cancer. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103932. [PMID: 32965059 PMCID: PMC7503102 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a primary pathway for stem cell maintenance during tissue renewal and a frequent target for mutations in cancer. Impaired Wnt receptor endocytosis due to loss of the ubiquitin ligase RNF43 gives rise to Wnt-hypersensitive tumors that are susceptible to anti-Wnt-based therapy. Contrary to this paradigm, we identify a class of RNF43 truncating cancer mutations that induce β-catenin-mediated transcription, despite exhibiting retained Wnt receptor downregulation. These mutations interfere with a ubiquitin-independent suppressor role of the RNF43 cytosolic tail that involves Casein kinase 1 (CK1) binding and phosphorylation. Mechanistically, truncated RNF43 variants trap CK1 at the plasma membrane, thereby preventing β-catenin turnover and propelling ligand-independent target gene transcription. Gene editing of human colon stem cells shows that RNF43 truncations cooperate with p53 loss to drive a niche-independent program for self-renewal and proliferation. Moreover, these RNF43 variants confer decreased sensitivity to anti-Wnt-based therapy. Our data demonstrate the relevance of studying patient-derived mutations for understanding disease mechanisms and improved applications of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Spit
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Nicola Fenderico
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Jordens
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Rik GH Lindeboom
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncode InstituteFaculty of ScienceRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen M Bugter
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Alba Cristobal
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Lars Ootes
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Max van Osch
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Eline Janssen
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Kim E Boonekamp
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Katerina Hanakova
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - David Potesil
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Zbynek Zdrahal
- Central European Institute of TechnologyMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Sylvia F Boj
- Hubrecht Organoid TechnologyUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Experimental and Molecular MedicineAmsterdam UMCCancer Center AmsterdamUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental BiologyFaculty of ScienceMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | - Bon‐Kyoung Koo
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA)Vienna BioCenter (VBC)ViennaAustria
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Oncode InstituteFaculty of ScienceRadboud Institute for Molecular Life SciencesRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Madelon M Maurice
- Department of Cell Biology and Oncode InstituteCenter for Molecular MedicineUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Piqué DG, Greally JM, Mar JC. Identification of a novel subgroup of endometrial cancer patients with loss of thyroid hormone receptor beta expression and improved survival. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:857. [PMID: 32894083 PMCID: PMC7487950 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer in women, and the incidence of EC has increased by about 1% per year in the U. S over the last 10 years. Although 5-year survival rates for early-stage EC are around 80%, certain subtypes of EC that lose nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) expression are associated with poor survival rates. For example, estrogen receptor (ER)-negative EC typically harbors a worse prognosis compared to ER-positive EC. The molecular basis for the loss of NHR expression in endometrial tumors and its contribution to poor survival is largely unknown. Furthermore, there are no tools to systematically identify tumors that lose NHR mRNA expression relative to normal tissue. The development of such an approach could identify sets of NHR-based biomarkers for classifying patients into subgroups with poor survival outcomes. METHODS Here, a new computational method, termed receptLoss, was developed for identifying NHR expression loss in endometrial cancer relative to adjacent normal tissue. When applied to gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), receptLoss identified 6 NHRs that were highly expressed in normal tissue and exhibited expression loss in a subset of endometrial tumors. RESULTS Three of the six identified NHRs - estrogen, progesterone, and androgen receptors - that are known to lose expression in ECs were correctly identified by receptLoss. Additionally, a novel association was found between thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) expression loss, increased expression of miRNA-146a, and increased rates of 5-year survival in the EC TCGA patient cohort. THRB expression loss occurs independently of estrogen and progesterone expression loss, suggesting the discovery of a distinct, clinically-relevant molecular subgroup. CONCLUSION ReceptLoss is a novel, open-source software tool to systematically identify NHR expression loss in cancer. The application of receptLoss to endometrial cancer gene expression data identified THRB, a previously undescribed biomarker of survival in endometrial cancer. Applying receptLoss to expression data from additional cancer types could lead to the development of biomarkers of disease progression for patients with any other tumor type. ReceptLoss can be applied to expression data from additional cancer types with the goal of identifying biomarkers of differential survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Piqué
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - John M. Greally
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
| | - Jessica C. Mar
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461 USA
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Building 75, Cnr. College Rd & Cooper Rd, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Yanai Y, Saito T, Hayashi T, Akazawa Y, Yatagai N, Tsuyama S, Tomita S, Hirai S, Ogura K, Matsumoto T, Wada R, Yao T. Molecular and clinicopathological features of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:413-426. [PMID: 32821969 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02906-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Appendiceal mucinous tumors (AMTs) include low-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (LAMNs), high-grade mucinous appendiceal neoplasms (HAMNs), and mucinous adenocarcinomas (MACs). We collected 51 AMT samples (LAMN: 34, HAMN: 8, MAC: 9). Three of the eight HAMN cases contained LAMN components, and four out of nine MAC cases contained LAMN and/or HAMN components within the tumor. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) cancer hotspot panel was used to analyze 11 pure LAMN, 4 HAMN, and 3 MAC cases. The results revealed KRAS and GNAS as the most frequently mutated genes. Sanger sequencing was then performed to detect KRAS, GNAS, and TP53 mutations in the remaining 31 cases and RNF43 mutations in all cases. KRAS/GNAS and TP53 mutations occurred exclusively in pure LAMNs; however, five LAMN cases had mutations in both KRAS and GNAS. RNF43 mutations almost exclusively occurred with KRAS/GNAS mutations in pure LAMNs. In MAC and HAMN, KRAS/GNAS mutation status was nearly preserved between lower-grade areas. Most of the detected RNF43 mutations was missense type. RNF43 mutations were detected in both components of MAC with lower-grade area; however, RNF43 mutations detected in these two lesions were entirely different. RNF43 mutations were detected in only one of the eight HAMN patients, which was the sole case without pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP). None of the four MAC patients with RNF43 mutation showed PMP. These findings suggest that RNF43 mutations occur at a later stage of MAC development and do not associate with PMP. Furthermore, a gradual transition from LAMN to MAC via HAMN could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Yanai
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan. .,Intractable Disease Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Noboru Yatagai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Sho Tsuyama
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shigeki Tomita
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan
| | - Shu Hirai
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Tokyo Koto Geriatric Medical center, Tokyo, 136-0075, Japan
| | - Kanako Ogura
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, 177-8521, Japan
| | - Ryo Wada
- Department of Pathology, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Shizuoka, 410-2295, Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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Delgado-Deida Y, Alula KM, Theiss AL. The influence of mitochondrial-directed regulation of Wnt signaling on tumorigenesis. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2020; 8:215-223. [PMID: 32665853 PMCID: PMC7333924 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that play a key role in integrating cellular signaling. Mitochondrial alterations are evident in all stages of tumorigenesis and targeting mitochondrial pathways has emerged as an anticancer therapeutic strategy. The Wnt-signaling pathway regulates many fundamental cellular functions such as proliferation, survival, migration, stem-cell maintenance, and mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics. Emerging evidence demonstrates that mitochondrial-induced regulation of Wnt signaling provides an additional mechanism to influence cell-fate decisions. Crosstalk between mitochondria and Wnt signaling presents a feedforward loop in which Wnt activation regulates mitochondrial function that, in turn, drives Wnt signaling. In this mini-review, we will discuss the recent evidence revealing the mitochondrial control of Wnt signaling and its implications for tumorigenesis and anticancer therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaritza Delgado-Deida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kibrom M Alula
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Arianne L Theiss
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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40
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Radaszkiewicz T, Bryja V. Protease associated domain of RNF43 is not necessary for the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:91. [PMID: 32527265 PMCID: PMC7291719 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RNF43 and its homolog ZNRF3 are transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligases frequently mutated in many human cancer types. Their main role relays on the inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling by the negative regulation of frizzled receptors and LRP5/6 co-receptors levels at the plasma membrane. Intracellular RING domains of RNF43/ZNRF3 mediate the key enzymatic activity of these proteins, but the function of the extracellular Protease Associated (PA) fold in the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin pathway is controversial up-to date, apart from the interaction with secreted antagonists R-spondin family proteins shown by the crystallographic studies. Methods In our research we utilised cell-based approaches to study the role of RNF43 lacking PA domain in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway transduction. We developed controlled overexpression (TetON) and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knock-out models in human cells. Results RNF43ΔPA mutant activity impedes canonical Wnt pathway, as manifested by the reduced phosphorylation of LRP6, DVL2 and DVL3 and by the decreased β-catenin-dependent gene expression. Finally, rescue experiments in the CRISPR/Cas9 derived RNF43/ZNRF3 double knock-out cell lines showed that RNFΔPA overexpression is enough to inhibit activation of LRP6 and β-catenin activity as shown by the Western blot and Top flash dual luciferase assays. Moreover, RNF43 variant without PA domain was not sensitive to the R-spondin1 treatment. Conclusion Taken together, our results help to understand better the mode of RNF43 tumor suppressor action and solve some discrepancies present in the field. Video Abstract
Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Radaszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vítězslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
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41
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Mohd Yunos RI, Ab Mutalib NS, Tieng FYF, Abu N, Jamal R. Actionable Potentials of Less Frequently Mutated Genes in Colorectal Cancer and Their Roles in Precision Medicine. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030476. [PMID: 32245111 PMCID: PMC7175115 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Global statistics have placed colorectal cancer (CRC) as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth principal cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Improving survival for CRC is as important as early detection. Personalized medicine is important in maximizing an individual's treatment success and minimizing the risk of adverse reactions. Approaches in achieving personalized therapy in CRC have included analyses of specific genes with its clinical implications. Tumour genotyping via next-generation sequencing has become a standard practice to guide clinicians into predicting tumor behaviour, disease prognosis, and treatment response. Nevertheless, better prognostic markers are necessary to further stratify patients for personalized treatment plans. The discovery of new markers remains indispensable in providing the most effective chemotherapy in order to improve the outcomes of treatment and survival in CRC patients. This review aims to compile and discuss newly discovered, less frequently mutated genes in CRC. We also discuss how these mutations are being used to assist therapeutic decisions and their potential prospective clinical utilities. In addition, we will summarize the importance of profiling the large genomic rearrangements, gene amplification, and large deletions and how these alterations may assist in determining the best treatment option for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Rahman Jamal
- Correspondence: (N.S.A.M.); (R.J.); Tel.: +60-3-91459073 (N.S.A.M.); +60-3-91459000 (R.J.)
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42
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Li S, Lavrijsen M, Bakker A, Magierowski M, Magierowska K, Liu P, Wang W, Peppelenbosch MP, Smits R. Commonly observed RNF43 mutations retain functionality in attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signaling and unlikely confer Wnt-dependency onto colorectal cancers. Oncogene 2020; 39:3458-3472. [PMID: 32103169 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated RNF43 mutations lead to activation of β-catenin signaling through aberrantly increasing Wnt-receptor levels at the membrane. Importantly, inactivating RNF43 mutations have been suggested to render cancer cells sensitive to Wnt-based therapeutics. However, the extent to which RNF43 mutations lead to impaired regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been poorly investigated. Here, we observed that tumors with a functional mismatch repair system show a predominant 5'-location of truncating RNF43 mutations, suggesting C-terminal truncations such as the most commonly reported p.G659fs mutation, do not affect β-catenin signaling. In accordance, expressing C-terminal truncation mutants and wild-type RNF43, showed equal effects on β-catenin signaling, Wnt-receptor turnover, and DVL-binding. We confirmed these observations at endogenous levels by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout of G659fs RNF43 expression in KM12 cells and generating comparable mutations in HEK293T cells. We could not confirm previous reports linking RNF43 to p53 and E-cadherin breakdown. Our data also suggest that only colorectal cancer cells harboring N-terminal mutations of RNF43 convey Wnt-dependency onto the tumor cells. Results of this study have potentially important clinical implications indicating that Wnt-based therapeutics should be applied cautiously in cancer patients harboring RNF43 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Marla Lavrijsen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aron Bakker
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Pengyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wenhui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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43
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Mobark NA, Alharbi M, Alhabeeb L, AlMubarak L, Alaljelaify R, AlSaeed M, Almutairi A, Alqubaishi F, Ahmad M, Al-Banyan A, Alotabi FE, Barakeh D, AlZahrani M, Al-Khalidi H, Ajlan A, Ramkissoon LA, Ramkissoon SH, Abedalthagafi M. Clinical management and genomic profiling of pediatric low-grade gliomas in Saudi Arabia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228356. [PMID: 31995621 PMCID: PMC6988947 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric Low Grade Gliomas (PLGGs) display heterogeneity regarding morphology, genomic drivers and clinical outcomes. The treatment modality dictates the outcome and optimizing patient management can be challenging. In this study, we profiled a targeted panel of cancer-related genes in 37 Saudi Arabian patients with pLGGs to identify genetic abnormalities that can inform prognostic and therapeutic decision-making. We detected genetic alterations (GAs) in 97% (36/37) of cases, averaging 2.51 single nucleotide variations (SNVs) and 0.91 gene fusions per patient. The KIAA1549-BRAF fusion was the most common alteration (21/37 patients) followed by AFAP1-NTRK2 (2/37) and TBLXR-PI3KCA (2/37) fusions that were observed at much lower frequencies. The most frequently mutated) genes were NOTCH1-3 (7/37), ATM (4/37), RAD51C (3/37), RNF43 (3/37), SLX4 (3/37) and NF1 (3/37). Interestingly, we identified a GOPC-ROS1 fusion in an 8-year-old patient whose tumor lacked BRAF alterations and histologically classified as low grade glioma. The patient underwent gross total resection (GTR). The patient is currently disease free. To our knowledge this is the first report of GOPC-ROS1 fusion in PLGG. Taken together, we reveal the genetic characteristics of pLGG patients can enhance diagnostics and therapeutic decisions. In addition, we identified a GOPC-ROS1 fusion that may be a biomarker for pLGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahla A. Mobark
- Department of Paediatric Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Musa Alharbi
- Department of Paediatric Oncology Comprehensive Cancer Centre, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamees Alhabeeb
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifa AlMubarak
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Alaljelaify
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam AlSaeed
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Almutairi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah Alqubaishi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Ahmad
- Department of Neuroscience, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Al-Banyan
- Department of Neuroscience, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad E. Alotabi
- Department of Neuroscience, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Duna Barakeh
- Department of Pathology, King Khalid Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Malak AlZahrani
- Department of Pathology, King Khalid Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham Al-Khalidi
- Department of Pathology, King Khalid Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrazag Ajlan
- Department of Pathology, King Khalid Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lori A. Ramkissoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Shakti H. Ramkissoon
- Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Morrisville, NC, United States of America
| | - Malak Abedalthagafi
- Genomics Research Department, Saudi Human Genome Project, King Fahad Medical City and King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
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Chang LS, Kim M, Glinka A, Reinhard C, Niehrs C. The tumor suppressor PTPRK promotes ZNRF3 internalization and is required for Wnt inhibition in the Spemann organizer. eLife 2020; 9:51248. [PMID: 31934854 PMCID: PMC6996932 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of Spemann organizer function is its expression of Wnt antagonists that regulate axial embryonic patterning. Here we identify the tumor suppressor Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor-type kappa (PTPRK), as a Wnt inhibitor in human cancer cells and in the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos. We show that PTPRK acts via the transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase ZNRF3, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling promoting Wnt receptor degradation, which is also expressed in the organizer. Deficiency of Xenopus Ptprk increases Wnt signaling, leading to reduced expression of Spemann organizer effector genes and inducing head and axial defects. We identify a '4Y' endocytic signal in ZNRF3, which PTPRK maintains unphosphorylated to promote Wnt receptor depletion. Our discovery of PTPRK as a negative regulator of Wnt receptor turnover provides a rationale for its tumor suppressive function and reveals that in PTPRK-RSPO3 recurrent cancer fusions both fusion partners, in fact, encode ZNRF3 regulators. How human and other animals form distinct head- and tail-ends as embryos is a fundamental question in biology. The fertilized eggs of the African clawed frog (also known as Xenopus) become embryos and grow into tadpoles within two days. This rapid growth makes Xenopus particularly suitable as a model to study how animals with backbones form their body plans. In Xenopus embryos, a small group of cells known as the Spemann organizer plays a pivotal role in forming the body plan. It produces several enzymes known as Wnt inhibitors that repress a signal pathway known as Wnt signaling to determine the head- and tail-ends of the embryo. Chang, Kim et al. searched for new Wnt inhibitors in the Spemann organizer of Xenopus embryos. The experiments revealed that the Spemann organizer produced an enzyme known as PTPRK that was essential to permit the head-to-tail patterning of the brain. PTPRK inhibited Wnt signaling by activating another enzyme known as ZNRF3. Previous studies have shown that defects in Wnt signaling and in the activities of PTPRK and ZNRF3 are involved in colon cancer in mammals. Thus, these findings may help to develop new approaches for treating cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Shih Chang
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Minseong Kim
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrey Glinka
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carmen Reinhard
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof Niehrs
- Division of Molecular Embryology, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany
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45
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Tu J, Park S, Yu W, Zhang S, Wu L, Carmon K, Liu QJ. The most common RNF43 mutant G659Vfs*41 is fully functional in inhibiting Wnt signaling and unlikely to play a role in tumorigenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18557. [PMID: 31811196 PMCID: PMC6898356 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF43 is an E3 ligase that inhibits Wnt signaling by ubiquitinating Wnt receptors for degradation. It is mutated in various cancer types with the most recurrent mutation being the frameshift G659Vfs*41 with frequencies of ~5-8% in colon, stomach and endometrial cancers. This mutation, a deletion of G in a 7-G repeat, has been assumed to encode an inactive enzyme that would lead to increased Wnt signaling and drive tumorigenesis, yet no functional characterization has been reported. We analyzed the distribution of G659Vfs*41 and its association with other cancer gene mutations, and found that the mutation occurred nearly exclusively in tumors with low expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene MLH1. Mutant RNF43-G659Vfs*41 was no different from wild type RNF43 in expression, stability, localization, R-spondin binding, and inhibition of Wnt signaling. No dominant negative activity of the mutant was observed. Colon tumors with RNF43-G659Vfs*41 had low Wnt/β-catenin signaling and were frequently mutated in BRAF. A colon cancer cell line with RNF43-G659Vfs*41 and BRAF-V600E mutations was sensitive to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These findings suggest that the frequent occurrence of RNF43-G659Vfs*41 may result from error-prone replication of the 7-G repeat in MLH1-deficient tumors and that the mutation itself does not inactivate enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Tu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825, Pressler St., Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Soohyun Park
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825, Pressler St., Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wangsheng Yu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825, Pressler St., Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825, Pressler St., Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ling Wu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825, Pressler St., Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kendra Carmon
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825, Pressler St., Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingyun J Liu
- Texas Therapeutics Institute and The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1825, Pressler St., Houston, Texas, USA.
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46
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Nassiri I, Inga A, Meškytė EM, Alessandrini F, Ciribilli Y, Priami C. Regulatory Crosstalk of Doxorubicin, Estradiol and TNFα Combined Treatment in Breast Cancer-derived Cell Lines. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15172. [PMID: 31645610 PMCID: PMC6811586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new model of ESR1 network regulation based on analysis of Doxorubicin, Estradiol, and TNFα combination treatment in MCF-7. We used Doxorubicin as a therapeutic agent, TNFα as marker and mediator of an inflammatory microenvironment and 17β-Estradiol (E2) as an agonist of Estrogen Receptors, known predisposing factor for hormone-driven breast cancer, whose pharmacological inhibition reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Based on the results of transcriptomics analysis, we found 71 differentially expressed genes that are specific for the combination treatment with Doxorubicin + Estradiol + TNFα in comparison with single or double treatments. The responsiveness to the triple treatment was examined for seven genes by qPCR, of which six were validated, and then extended to four additional cell lines differing for p53 and/or ER status. The results of differential regulation enrichment analysis highlight the role of the ESR1 network that included 36 of 71 specific differentially expressed genes. We propose that the combined activation of p53 and NF-kB transcription factors significantly influences ligand-dependent, ER-driven transcriptional responses, also of the ESR1 gene itself. These results provide a model of coordinated interaction of TFs to explain the Doxorubicin, E2 and TNFα induced repression mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isar Nassiri
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, TN, Italy
| | - Alberto Inga
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Networks, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Erna Marija Meškytė
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy.,Department of Biological Models, Life Sciences Centre, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Federica Alessandrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Genetics, Department CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Corrado Priami
- The Microsoft Research - University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), Rovereto, TN, Italy. .,Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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47
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Baloghova N, Lidak T, Cermak L. Ubiquitin Ligases Involved in the Regulation of Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch Signaling Pathways and Their Roles in Mouse Development and Homeostasis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100815. [PMID: 31623112 PMCID: PMC6826584 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch signaling pathways are essential for the regulation of cellular polarity, differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Differential activation and mutual crosstalk of these pathways during animal development are crucial instructive forces in the initiation of the body axis and the development of organs and tissues. Due to the ability to initiate cell proliferation, these pathways are vulnerable to somatic mutations selectively producing cells, which ultimately slip through cellular and organismal checkpoints and develop into cancer. The architecture of the Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch signaling pathways is simple. The transmembrane receptor, activated by the extracellular stimulus, induces nuclear translocation of the transcription factor, which subsequently changes the expression of target genes. Nevertheless, these pathways are regulated by a myriad of factors involved in various feedback mechanisms or crosstalk. The most prominent group of regulators is the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). To open the door to UPS-based therapeutic manipulations, a thorough understanding of these regulations at a molecular level and rigorous confirmation in vivo are required. In this quest, mouse models are exceptional and, thanks to the progress in genetic engineering, also an accessible tool. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of how the UPS regulates the Wnt, TGF-β, and Notch pathways and we summarized the knowledge gained from related mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikol Baloghova
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Tomas Lidak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Cermak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Developmental signaling pathways control a vast array of biological processes during embryogenesis and in adult life. The WNT pathway was discovered simultaneously in cancer and development. Recent advances have expanded the role of WNT to a wide range of pathologies in humans. Here, we discuss the WNT pathway and its role in human disease and some of the advances in WNT-related treatments.
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49
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Gao X, Guo A, Diao Y, Zhao Y. RNF43 ubiquitinates and degrades phosphorylated E-cadherin by c-Src to facilitate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:670. [PMID: 31286874 PMCID: PMC6613270 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In epithelial cells, tyrosine kinases induce tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination of the E-cadherin complex, which is responsible for the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Methods Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling were performed to detect the unique E3 ligase underlying E-cadherin downregulation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. Gene knockdown was performed using viral shRNA. Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and xenograft models in vivo were integratively applied to explore RNF43-induced EMT in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. Results Protein antibody microarray analysis and E3 ligase profiling revealed that the RING finger protein 43 (RNF43) was linked to E-cadherin downregulation within the context of c-Src activation in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. In addition, the c-Src-Caspase-8 interaction markedly increased c-Src activity. Activated c-Src phosphorylated E-cadherin at the tyrosine 797 site to initiate RNF43-mediated E-cadherin ubiquitination at lysine 816 and subsequent degradation, thus allowing the nuclear translocation of β-catenin and upregulation of Vimentin and RNF43 expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Decreased E-cadherin expression and increased Vimentin expression induced the EMT phenotype and promoted tumor metastasis. The Frizzled 8 (Frz8)-RNF43-induced ubiquitination of phosphorylated E-cadherin was blocked by a monoclonal antibody against the cysteine-rich domain (CRD) of Frz8 but not by antibodies against the protease domain (PA) of RNF43. Conclusions Our data suggest that RNF43 participates in the regulation of EMT in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma through the ubiquitination and degradation of phosphorylated E-cadherin by activated c-Src. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5880-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhang
- Second Thoracic Department, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Liangzhang Sun
- Thoracic Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Xiao Gao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Aining Guo
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Yan Diao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China, 710004.
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50
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Metidji A, Omenetti S, Crotta S, Li Y, Nye E, Ross E, Li V, Maradana MR, Schiering C, Stockinger B. The Environmental Sensor AHR Protects from Inflammatory Damage by Maintaining Intestinal Stem Cell Homeostasis and Barrier Integrity. Immunity 2018; 49:353-362.e5. [PMID: 30119997 PMCID: PMC6104739 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The epithelium and immune compartment in the intestine are constantly exposed to a fluctuating external environment. Defective communication between these compartments at this barrier surface underlies susceptibility to infections and chronic inflammation. Environmental factors play a significant, but mechanistically poorly understood, role in intestinal homeostasis. We found that regeneration of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) upon injury through infection or chemical insults was profoundly influenced by the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). IEC-specific deletion of Ahr resulted in failure to control C. rodentium infection due to unrestricted intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and impaired differentiation, culminating in malignant transformation. AHR activation by dietary ligands restored barrier homeostasis, protected the stem cell niche, and prevented tumorigenesis via transcriptional regulation of of Rnf43 and Znrf3, E3 ubiquitin ligases that inhibit Wnt-β-catenin signaling and restrict ISC proliferation. Thus, activation of the AHR pathway in IECs guards the stem cell niche to maintain intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Emma Nye
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ellie Ross
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Vivian Li
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
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