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Fujii J, Imai H. Oxidative Metabolism as a Cause of Lipid Peroxidation in the Execution of Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7544. [PMID: 39062787 PMCID: PMC11276677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death that is characteristically caused by phospholipid peroxidation promoted by radical reactions involving iron. Researchers have identified many of the protein factors that are encoded by genes that promote ferroptosis. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is a key enzyme that protects phospholipids from peroxidation and suppresses ferroptosis in a glutathione-dependent manner. Thus, the dysregulation of genes involved in cysteine and/or glutathione metabolism is closely associated with ferroptosis. From the perspective of cell dynamics, actively proliferating cells are more prone to ferroptosis than quiescent cells, which suggests that radical species generated during oxygen-involved metabolism are responsible for lipid peroxidation. Herein, we discuss the initial events involved in ferroptosis that dominantly occur in the process of energy metabolism, in association with cysteine deficiency. Accordingly, dysregulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle coupled with the respiratory chain in mitochondria are the main subjects here, and this suggests that mitochondria are the likely source of both radical electrons and free iron. Since not only carbohydrates, but also amino acids, especially glutamate, are major substrates for central metabolism, dealing with nitrogen derived from amino groups also contributes to lipid peroxidation and is a subject of this discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Fujii
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Imai
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
- Medical Research Laboratories, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
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2
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Pagliari F, Jansen J, Knoll J, Hanley R, Seco J, Tirinato L. Cancer radioresistance is characterized by a differential lipid droplet content along the cell cycle. Cell Div 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38643120 PMCID: PMC11031927 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer radiation treatments have seen substantial advancements, yet the biomolecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance continue to elude full understanding. The effectiveness of radiation on cancer is hindered by various factors, such as oxygen concentrations within tumors, cells' ability to repair DNA damage and metabolic changes. Moreover, the initial and radiation-induced cell cycle profiles can significantly influence radiotherapy responses as radiation sensitivity fluctuates across different cell cycle stages. Given this evidence and our prior studies establishing a correlation between cancer radiation resistance and an increased number of cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets (LDs), we investigated if LD accumulation was modulated along the cell cycle and if this correlated with differential radioresistance in lung and bladder cell lines. RESULTS Our findings identified the S phase as the most radioresistant cell cycle phase being characterized by an increase in LDs. Analysis of the expression of perilipin genes (a family of proteins involved in the LD structure and functions) throughout the cell cycle also uncovered a unique gene cell cycle pattern. CONCLUSIONS In summary, although these results require further molecular studies about the mechanisms of radioresistance, the findings presented here are the first evidence that LD accumulation could participate in cancer cells' ability to better survive X-Ray radiation when cells are in the S phase. LDs can represent new players in the radioresistance processes associated with cancer metabolism. This could open new therapeutic avenues in which the use of LD-interfering drugs might enhance cancer sensitivity to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagliari
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Knoll
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rachel Hanley
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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3
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Allcroft TJ, Duong JT, Skardal PS, Kovarik ML. Microfluidic single-cell measurements of oxidative stress as a function of cell cycle position. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6481-6490. [PMID: 37682313 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04924-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell measurements routinely demonstrate high levels of variation between cells, but fewer studies provide insight into the analytical and biological sources of this variation. This is particularly true of chemical cytometry, in which individual cells are lysed and their contents separated, compared to more established single-cell measurements of the genome and transcriptome. To characterize population-level variation and its sources, we analyzed oxidative stress levels in 1278 individual Dictyostelium discoideum cells as a function of exogenous stress level and cell cycle position. Cells were exposed to varying levels of oxidative stress via singlet oxygen generation using the photosensitizer Rose Bengal. Single-cell data reproduced the dose-response observed in ensemble measurements by CE-LIF, superimposed with high levels of heterogeneity. Through experiments and data analysis, we explored possible biological sources of this heterogeneity. No trend was observed between population variation and oxidative stress level, but cell cycle position was a major contributor to heterogeneity in oxidative stress. Cells synchronized to the same stage of cell division were less heterogeneous than unsynchronized cells (RSD of 37-51% vs 93%), and mitotic cells had higher levels of reactive oxygen species than interphase cells. While past research has proposed changes in cell size during the cell cycle as a source of biological noise, the measurements presented here use an internal standard to normalize for effects of cell volume, suggesting a more complex contribution of cell cycle to heterogeneity of oxidative stress.
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Sarkar P, Misra S, Ghosal A, Mukherjee S, Ghosh A, Sundaram G. Glucose to lactate shift reprograms CDK-dependent mitotic decisions and its communication with MAPK Sty1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio060145. [PMID: 37787465 PMCID: PMC10618596 DOI: 10.1242/bio.060145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle regulation in response to biochemical cues is a fundamental event associated with many diseases. The regulation of such responses in complex metabolic environments is poorly understood. This study reveals unknown aspects of the metabolic regulation of cell division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that changing the carbon source from glucose to lactic acid alters the functions of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) Cdc2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Sty1, leading to unanticipated outcomes in the behavior and fate of such cells. Functional communication of Cdc2 with Sty1 is known to be an integral part of the cellular response to aberrant Cdc2 activity in S. pombe. Our results show that cross-talk between Cdc2 and Sty1, and the consequent Sty1-dependent regulation of Cdc2 activity, appears to be compromised and the relationship between Cdc2 activity and mitotic timing is also reversed in the presence of lactate. We also show that the biochemical status of cells under these conditions is an important determinant of the altered molecular functions mentioned above as well as the altered behavior of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Susmita Misra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | - Agamani Ghosal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
| | | | - Alok Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700019, India
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5
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Kohiyama M, Herrick J, Norris V. Open Questions about the Roles of DnaA, Related Proteins, and Hyperstructure Dynamics in the Cell Cycle. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1890. [PMID: 37763294 PMCID: PMC10532879 DOI: 10.3390/life13091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The DnaA protein has long been considered to play the key role in the initiation of chromosome replication in modern bacteria. Many questions about this role, however, remain unanswered. Here, we raise these questions within a framework based on the dynamics of hyperstructures, alias large assemblies of molecules and macromolecules that perform a function. In these dynamics, hyperstructures can (1) emit and receive signals or (2) fuse and separate from one another. We ask whether the DnaA-based initiation hyperstructure acts as a logic gate receiving information from the membrane, the chromosome, and metabolism to trigger replication; we try to phrase some of these questions in terms of DNA supercoiling, strand opening, glycolytic enzymes, SeqA, ribonucleotide reductase, the macromolecular synthesis operon, post-translational modifications, and metabolic pools. Finally, we ask whether, underpinning the regulation of the cell cycle, there is a physico-chemical clock inherited from the first protocells, and whether this clock emits a single signal that triggers both chromosome replication and cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Kohiyama
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France;
| | - John Herrick
- Independent Researcher, 3 rue des Jeûneurs, 75002 Paris, France;
| | - Vic Norris
- CBSA UR 4312, University of Rouen Normandy, University of Caen Normandy, Normandy University, 76000 Rouen, France
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6
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Zhang B, Liu P, Sheng H, Guo Y, Han Y, Suo L, Yuan Q. New Insight into the Potential Protective Function of Sulforaphene against ROS-Mediated Oxidative Stress Damage In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13129. [PMID: 37685936 PMCID: PMC10487408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphene (SFE) is a kind of isothiocyanate isolated from radish seeds that can prevent free-radical-induced diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of SFE on oxidative-stress-induced damage and its molecular mechanism in vitro and in vivo. The results of cell experiments show that SFE can alleviate D-gal-induced cytotoxicity, promote cell cycle transformation by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell apoptosis, and show a protective effect on cells with H2O2-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, the results of mice experiments show that SFE can alleviate D-galactose-induced kidney damage by inhibiting ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and 4-hydroxyalkenals (4-HNE) production; protect the kidney against oxidative stress-induced damage by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway; and inhibit the activity of pro-inflammatory factors by downregulating the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammatory response. In conclusion, this research shows that SFE has antioxidant effects, providing a new perspective for studying the anti-aging properties of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (B.Z.); (P.L.); (H.S.); (Y.G.); (Y.H.); (L.S.)
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7
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Cheng A, Xu T, You W, Wang T, Zhang D, Guo H, Zhang H, Pan X, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhang K, Shi J, Yao X, Guo J, Yang Z. A mitotic NADPH upsurge promotes chromosome segregation and tumour progression in aneuploid cancer cells. Nat Metab 2023; 5:1141-1158. [PMID: 37349486 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox metabolites have been observed to fluctuate through the cell cycle in cancer cells, but the functional impacts of such metabolic oscillations remain unknown. Here, we uncover a mitosis-specific nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) upsurge that is essential for tumour progression. Specifically, NADPH is produced by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) upon mitotic entry, which neutralizes elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevents ROS-mediated inactivation of mitotic kinases and chromosome missegregation. Mitotic activation of G6PD depends on the phosphorylation of its co-chaperone protein BAG3 at threonine 285, which results in dissociation of inhibitory BAG3. Blocking BAG3T285 phosphorylation induces tumour suppression. A mitotic NADPH upsurge is present in aneuploid cancer cells with high levels of ROS, while nearly unobservable in near-diploid cancer cells. High BAG3T285 phosphorylation is associated with worse prognosis in a cohort of patients with microsatellite-stable colorectal cancer. Our study reveals that aneuploid cancer cells with high levels of ROS depend on a G6PD-mediated NADPH upsurge in mitosis to protect them from ROS-induced chromosome missegregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxing Cheng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tian Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Weiyi You
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ting Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dongming Zhang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Center for Biological Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Core Facility Centre for Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xin Pan
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yucai Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jue Shi
- Center for Quantitative Systems Biology, Department of Physics and Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhenye Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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8
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Maurya DK, Sharma D, Sandur SK. Hypoxia induces dichotomous and reversible attenuation of T cell responses through reactive oxygen species-dependent phenotype redistribution and delay in lymphoblast proliferation. Free Radic Res 2023; 57:1-13. [PMID: 36947008 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2023.2178918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
As T cells transit between blood, lymphoid organs, and peripheral tissues, they experience varied levels of oxygen/hypoxia in inflamed tissues, skin, intestinal lining, and secondary lymphoid organs. Critical illness among COVID-19 patients is also associated with transient hypoxia and attenuation of T cell responses. Hypoxia is the fulcrum of altered metabolism, impaired functions, and cessation of growth of a subset of T cells. However, the restoration of normal T cell functions following transient hypoxia and kinetics of their phenotype-redistribution is not completely understood. Here, we sought to understand kinetics and reversibility of dichotomous T cell responses under sustained and transient hypoxia. We found that a subset of activated T cells accumulated as lymphoblasts under hypoxia. Further, T cells showed the normal expression of activation markers CD25 and CD69 and inflammatory cytokine secretion but a subset exhibited delayed cell proliferation under hypoxia. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytosol and mitochondria were seen during dichotomous and reversible attenuation of T cell response under hypoxia. Cell cycle analysis revealed maximum levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS in dividing T cells (in S, G2, or M phase). Hypoxic T cells also showed specific attenuation of activation induced memory phenotype conversion without affecting naïve and activated T cells. Hypoxia-related attenuation of T cell proliferation was also found to be reversible in an allogeneic leukocyte specific mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. In summary, our results show that hypoxia induces a reversible delay in proliferation of a subset of T cells which is associated with obliteration of memory phenotype and specific increase in cytosolic/mitochondrial ROS levels in actively dividing subpopulation. Thus, the transient reoxygenation of hypoxic patients may restore normal T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra Kumar Maurya
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Deepak Sharma
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Sandur
- Radiation Biology & Health Sciences Division, Bio-Science Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Medina Rangel PX, Cross E, Liu C, Pedigo CE, Tian X, Gutiérrez-Calabrés E, Nagata S, Priyadarshini A, Lerner G, Bunda P, Perincheri S, Gu J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Inoue K, Ishibe S. Cell Cycle and Senescence Regulation by Podocyte Histone Deacetylase 1 and 2. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:433-450. [PMID: 36414418 PMCID: PMC10103311 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022050598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The loss of integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier results in proteinuria that is often attributed to podocyte loss. Yet how damaged podocytes are lost remains unknown. Germline loss of murine podocyte-associated Hdac1 and Hdac2 ( Hdac1/2 ) results in proteinuria and collapsing glomerulopathy due to sustained double-stranded DNA damage. Hdac1/2 deletion induces loss of podocyte quiescence, cell cycle entry, arrest in G1, and podocyte senescence, observed both in vivo and in vitro . Through the senescence secretory associated phenotype, podocytes secrete proteins that contribute to their detachment. These results solidify the role of HDACs in cell cycle regulation and senescence, providing important clues in our understanding of how podocytes are lost following injury. BACKGROUND Intact expression of podocyte histone deacetylases (HDAC) during development is essential for maintaining a normal glomerular filtration barrier because of its role in modulating DNA damage and preventing premature senescence. METHODS Germline podocyte-specific Hdac1 and 2 ( Hdac1 / 2 ) double-knockout mice were generated to examine the importance of these enzymes during development. RESULTS Podocyte-specific loss of Hdac1 / 2 in mice resulted in severe proteinuria, kidney failure, and collapsing glomerulopathy. Hdac1 / 2 -deprived podocytes exhibited classic characteristics of senescence, such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and lipofuscin aggregates. In addition, DNA damage, likely caused by epigenetic alterations such as open chromatin conformation, not only resulted in podocyte cell-cycle entry as shown in vivo by Ki67 expression and by FUCCI-2aR mice, but also in p21-mediated cell-cycle arrest. Through the senescence secretory associated phenotype, the damaged podocytes secreted proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in subsequent podocyte detachment and loss, evidenced by senescent podocytes in urine. CONCLUSIONS Hdac1 / 2 plays an essential role during development. Loss of these genes in double knockout mice leads to sustained DNA damage and podocyte senescence and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christopher E. Pedigo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xuefei Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Soichiro Nagata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Anupama Priyadarshini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Gabriel Lerner
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Patricia Bunda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Sudhir Perincheri
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jianlei Gu
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Shuta Ishibe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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10
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Lee IG, Lee BJ. Aurora Kinase A Regulation by Cysteine Oxidative Modification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020531. [PMID: 36830089 PMCID: PMC9952272 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aurora kinase A (AURKA), which is a member of serine/threonine kinase family, plays a critical role in regulating mitosis. AURKA has drawn much attention as its dysregulation is critically associated with various cancers, leading to the development of AURKA inhibitors, a new class of anticancer drugs. As the spatiotemporal activity of AURKA critically depends on diverse intra- and inter-molecular factors, including its interaction with various protein cofactors and post-translational modifications, each of these pathways should be exploited for the development of a novel class of AURKA inhibitors other than ATP-competitive inhibitors. Several lines of evidence have recently shown that redox-active molecules can modify the cysteine residues located on the kinase domain of AURKA, thereby regulating its activity. In this review, we present the current understanding of how oxidative modifications of cysteine residues of AURKA, induced by redox-active molecules, structurally and functionally regulate AURKA and discuss their implications in the discovery of novel AURKA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Gyun Lee
- Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Jin Lee
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence:
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11
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Selvaraj C. Therapeutic targets in cancer treatment: Cell cycle proteins. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 135:313-342. [PMID: 37061336 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer has been linked to the uncontrolled proliferation of cells and the overexpression of cell-cycle genes. The cell cycle machinery plays a crucial role in the regulation of the apoptosis to mitosis to growth phase progression. The mechanisms of the cell cycle also play an important role in preventing DNA damage. There are multiple members of the protein kinase family that are involved in the activities of the cell cycle. Essential cyclins effectively regulate cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are themselves adversely regulated by naturally occurring CDK inhibitors. Despite the fact that various compounds can effectively block the cell cycle kinases and being investigated for their potential to fight cancer. This chapter explains the detail of cell cycle and checkpoint regulators, that are crucial to the malignant cellular process. The known CDKs inhibitors and their mechanism of action in various cancers have also been addressed as a step toward the development of a possibly novel technique for the design of new drugs against cell cycle kinase proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
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12
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Francois L, Boskovic P, Knerr J, He W, Sigismondo G, Schwan C, More TH, Schlotter M, Conway ME, Krijgsveld J, Hiller K, Grosse R, Lichter P, Radlwimmer B. BCAT1 redox function maintains mitotic fidelity. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111524. [PMID: 36260995 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic enzyme branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) drives cell proliferation in aggressive cancers such as glioblastoma. Here, we show that BCAT1 localizes to mitotic structures and has a non-metabolic function as a mitotic regulator. Furthermore, BCAT1 is required for chromosome segregation in cancer and induced pluripotent stem cells and tumor growth in human cerebral organoid and mouse syngraft models. Applying gene knockout and rescue strategies, we show that the BCAT1 CXXC redox motif is crucial for controlling cysteine sulfenylation specifically in mitotic cells, promoting Aurora kinase B localization to centromeres, and securing accurate chromosome segregation. These findings offer an explanation for the well-established role of BCAT1 in promoting cancer cell proliferation. In summary, our data establish BCAT1 as a component of the mitotic apparatus that safeguards mitotic fidelity through a moonlighting redox functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Francois
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavle Boskovic
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Knerr
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wei He
- Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, and Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gianluca Sigismondo
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schwan
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tushar H More
- Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, and Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Magdalena Schlotter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Myra E Conway
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22 1GB, UK
| | - Jeroen Krijgsveld
- Division of Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, and Computational Biology of Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, 38092 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Freiburg, 79102 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Radlwimmer
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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The Effect of Aflatoxin B1 on Tumor-Related Genes and Phenotypic Characters of MCF7 and MCF10A Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911856. [PMID: 36233156 PMCID: PMC9570345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungal toxin aflatoxin B1 (AB1) and its reactive intermediate, aflatoxin B1-8, 9 epoxide, could cause liver cancer by inducing DNA adducts. AB1 exposure can induce changes in the expression of several cancer-related genes. In this study, the effect of AB1 exposure on breast cancer MCF7 and normal breast MCF10A cell lines at the phenotypic and epigenetic levels was investigated to evaluate its potential in increasing the risk of breast cancer development. We hypothesized that, even at low concentrations, AB1 can cause changes in the expression of important genes involved in four pathways, i.e., p53, cancer, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The transcriptomic levels of BRCA1, BRCA2, p53, HER1, HER2, cMyc, BCL2, MCL1, CCND1, WNT3A, MAPK1, MAPK3, DAPK1, Casp8, and Casp9 were determined in MCF7 and MCF10A cells. Our results illustrate that treating both cells with AB1 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis with reduction in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, AB1 reduced reactive oxygen species levels. Phenotypically, AB1 caused cell-cycle arrest at G1, hypertrophy, and increased cell migration rates. There were changes in the expression levels of several tumor-related genes, which are known to contribute to activating cancer pathways. The effects of AB1 on the phenotype and epigenetics of both MCF7 and MCF10A cells associated with cancer development observed in this study suggest that AB1 is a potential risk factor for developing breast cancer.
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14
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Johnson RP, Ratnacaram CK, Kumar L, Jose J. Combinatorial approaches of nanotherapeutics for inflammatory pathway targeted therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 64:100865. [PMID: 36099796 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the most prevalent male urogenital cancer worldwide. PC patients presenting an advanced or metastatic cancer succumb to the disease, even after therapeutic interventions including radiotherapy, surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), and chemotherapy. One of the hallmarks of PC is evading immune surveillance and chronic inflammation, which is a major challenge towards designing effective therapeutic formulations against PC. Chronic inflammation in PC is often characterized by tumor microenvironment alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix modifications. The inflammatory events are modulated by reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Major signaling pathways in PC includes androgen receptor, PI3K and NF-κB pathways and targeting these inter-linked pathways poses a major therapeutic challenge. Notably, many conventional treatments are clinically unsuccessful, due to lack of targetability and poor bioavailability of the therapeutics, untoward toxicity and multidrug resistance. The past decade witnessed an advancement of nanotechnology as an excellent therapeutic paradigm for PC therapy. Modern nanovectorization strategies such as stimuli-responsive and active PC targeting carriers offer controlled release patterns and superior anti-cancer effects. The current review initially describes the classification, inflammatory triggers and major inflammatory pathways of PC, various PC treatment strategies and their limitations. Subsequently, recent advancement in combinatorial nanotherapeutic approaches, which target PC inflammatory pathways, and the mechanism of action are discussed. Besides, the current clinical status and prospects of PC homing nanovectorization, and major challenges to be addressed towards the advancement PC therapy are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjith P Johnson
- Polymer Nanobiomaterial Research Laboratory, Nanoscience and Microfluidics Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Chandrahas Koumar Ratnacaram
- Cell Signaling and Cancer Biology Division, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka 575018, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Udupi, Karnataka 576 104, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE Deemed-to-be University, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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15
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Kirova DG, Judasova K, Vorhauser J, Zerjatke T, Leung JK, Glauche I, Mansfeld J. A ROS-dependent mechanism promotes CDK2 phosphorylation to drive progression through S phase. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1712-1727.e9. [PMID: 35809563 PMCID: PMC9616724 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the right concentration promote cell proliferation in cell culture, stem cells, and model organisms. However, the mystery of how ROS signaling is coordinated with cell cycle progression and integrated into the cell cycle control machinery on the molecular level remains unsolved. Here, we report increasing levels of mitochondrial ROS during the cell cycle in human cell lines that target cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Chemical and metabolic interferences with ROS production decrease T-loop phosphorylation on CDK2 and so impede its full activation and thus its efficient DNA replication. ROS regulate CDK2 activity through the oxidation of a conserved cysteine residue near the T-loop, which prevents the binding of the T-loop phosphatase KAP. Together, our data reveal how mitochondrial metabolism is coupled with DNA replication and cell cycle progression via ROS, thereby demonstrating how KAP activity toward CDKs can be cell cycle regulated. Mitochondrial ROS drive cell cycle progression and proliferation Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is increasingly oxidized during the cell cycle The oxidation state of a conserved cysteine on CDK2 regulates KAP binding CDK2 oxidation promotes T-loop phosphorylation and DNA replication
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristyna Judasova
- Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Vorhauser
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Zerjatke
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacky Kieran Leung
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Mansfeld
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Kim S, Leem J, Oh JS, Kim JS. Cytotoxicity of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone Impairs Mitotic Progression and Spindle Assembly Independent of ROS Production in HeLa Cells. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10060327. [PMID: 35736935 PMCID: PMC9227850 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon quinone derivative 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (9,10-PQ) is one of the most abundant and toxic components found in diesel exhaust particles (DEPs). These DEPs are created during diesel fuel combustion and are considered the main source of urban air pollution. As 9,10-PQ can produce excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) through redox cycling, it has been shown to exert potent cytotoxic effects against various cell types. However, the mechanisms underlying this cytotoxicity remain unclear. In this study, we showed that 9,10-PQ exerts cytotoxicity by impairing mitotic progression and spindle assembly in HeLa cells. Exposure to 9,10-PQ impaired spindle assembly and chromosome alignment, resulting in delayed mitotic entry and progression in HeLa cells. Furthermore, 9,10-PQ exposure decreased the CEP192 and p-Aurora A levels at the spindle poles. Notably, these mitotic defects induced by 9,10-PQ were not rescued by scavenging ROS, implying the ROS-independent activity of 9,10-PQ. Therefore, our results provide the first evidence that 9,10-PQ exerts its cytotoxicity through specific inhibition of mitotic progression and spindle assembly, independent of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
| | - Jiyeon Leem
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Jeong Su Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.S.O.); (J.-S.K.)
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.S.O.); (J.-S.K.)
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17
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Kim H, Hwang E, Park BC, Kim SJ. Novel potential NOX2 inhibitors, Dudleya brittonii water extract and polygalatenoside A inhibit intracellular ROS generation and growth of melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112967. [PMID: 35430393 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are key regulators of the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of melanoma, which accounts for 60% of skin cancer deaths. In a previous study, we developed Dudleya brittonii water extract (DBWE) with antioxidant activity, but the mechanism of action and bioactive substances of DBWE have not been fully identified. This study showed altered NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and selective inhibition of cytosolic ROS but not mitochondrial ROS in B16-F10 melanoma cells, suggesting the NOX2 inhibitory potential of DBWE. In addition, DBWE inhibited mitochondrial activity, lipid metabolism, and cell cycle in B16-F10 cells. The anti-melanoma effect of DBWE was abrogated by the addition of ROS, and there was no significant change in the melanogenesis pathway. Polygalatenoside A was identified as a candidate bioactive substance in the DBWE aqueous fraction through mass spectrometry, and the DBWE-like anti-melanoma effect was confirmed. These data suggest that DBWE and polygalatenoside A have the potential to prevent and treat melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungkuen Kim
- Division of Cosmetics and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunmi Hwang
- Division of Cosmetics and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Chul Park
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Institutes of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Jo Kim
- Division of Cosmetics and Biotechnology, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Baebang, Asan, Chungnam 31499, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Methionine Deprivation Reveals the Pivotal Roles of Cell Cycle Progression in Ferroptosis That Is Induced by Cysteine Starvation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101603. [PMID: 35626640 PMCID: PMC9139961 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, is triggered by the accumulation of excessive lipid peroxides in cells. Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide redox molecule that contains a cysteine (Cys) unit in the center, plays a pivotal role in protection against ferroptosis. When the transsulfuration pathway is activated, the sulfur atom of methionine (Met) is utilized to generate Cys, which can then suppress Cys-starvation-induced ferroptosis. In the current study, we cultured HeLa cells in Met- and/or cystine (an oxidized Cys dimer)- deprived medium and investigated the roles of Met in ferroptosis execution. The results indicate that, in the absence of cystine or Met, ferroptosis or cell cycle arrest, respectively, occurred. Contrary to our expectations, however, the simultaneous deprivation of both Met and cystine failed to induce ferroptosis, although the intracellular levels of Cys and GSH were maintained at low levels. Supplementation with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a methyl group donor that is produced during the metabolism of Met, caused the cell cycle progression to resume and lipid peroxidation and the subsequent induction of ferroptosis was also restored under conditions of Met/cystine double deprivation. DNA methylation appeared to be involved in the resumption in the SAM-mediated cell cycle because its downstream metabolite S-adenosylhomocysteine failed to cause either cell cycle progression or ferroptosis to be induced. Taken together, our results suggest that elevated lipid peroxidation products that are produced during cell cycle progression are involved in the execution of ferroptosis under conditions of Cys starvation.
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19
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Debeissat C, Avalon M, Huart M, Duchez P, Rodriguez L, Vlaski-Lafarge M, Ivanovic Z, Brunet de la Grange P. Alpha Lipoic-Acid Potentiates Ex Vivo Expansion of Human Steady-State Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Primitive Cells. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030431. [PMID: 35327623 PMCID: PMC8946095 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Steady state peripheral blood (SSPB) contains hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) presenting characteristics of real hematopoietic stem cells, and thus represents an interesting alternative cell supply for hematopoietic cell transplantation. Development of ex vivo expansion strategies could overcome the low HSPC numbers usually rescued from SSPB. We investigated the effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on ex vivo culture of SSPB CD34 positive (CD34pos) cells on primitive cell expansion, cell cycle, and oxidative metabolism as estimated by determining the ROS and GSH content. ALA increased the ex vivo expansion of total CD34pos cells and of phenotypically defined CD34pos HSPCs subpopulations that retained in vivo repopulating capacity, concomitantly to a decreased expansion of differentiating cells. ALA did not modify cell cycle progression nor the proliferation of ex vivo expanded CD34pos cells, and coherently did not affect the ROS level. On the contrary, ALA decreased the proliferation and disturbed cell cycle progression of cells reaching a differentiated status, a phenomenon that seems to be associated with a drop in ROS level. Nonetheless, ALA affected the redox status of hematopoietic primitive cells, as it reproducibly increased GSH content. In conclusion, ALA represents an interesting molecule for the improvement of ex vivo expansion strategies and further clinical application in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Debeissat
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Maryse Avalon
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Huart
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pascale Duchez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Rodriguez
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Marija Vlaski-Lafarge
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Zoran Ivanovic
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Brunet de la Grange
- Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine, Place Amélie Raba Léon, CS22010, CEDEX, 33075 Bordeaux, France; (C.D.); (M.A.); (M.H.); (P.D.); (L.R.); (M.V.-L.); (Z.I.)
- Inserm Bordeaux UMR 1035, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Campus Carreire, University of Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
- Correspondence:
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20
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Milito A, Cocurullo M, Columbro A, Nonnis S, Tedeschi G, Castellano I, Arnone MI, Palumbo A. Ovothiol ensures the correct developmental programme of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus embryo. Open Biol 2022; 12:210262. [PMID: 35042403 PMCID: PMC8767189 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovothiols are π-methyl-5-thiohistidines produced in great amounts in sea urchin eggs, where they can act as protective agents against the oxidative burst at fertilization and environmental stressors during development. Here we examined the biological relevance of ovothiol during the embryogenesis of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus by assessing the localization of the key biosynthetic enzyme OvoA, both at transcript and protein level, and perturbing its protein translation by morpholino antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown experiments. In addition, we explored the possible involvement of ovothiol in the inflammatory response by assessing ovoA gene expression and protein localization following exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. The results of the present study suggest that ovothiol may be a key regulator of cell proliferation in early developing embryos. Moreover, the localization of OvoA in key larval cells and tissues, in control and inflammatory conditions, suggests that ovothiol may ensure larval skeleton formation and mediate inflammatory processes triggered by bacterial infection. This work significantly contributes to the understanding of the biological function of ovothiols in marine organisms, and may provide new inspiration for the identification of the biological activities of ovothiols in humans, considering the pharmacological potential of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonsina Milito
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Genetics, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cocurullo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Columbro
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Nonnis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,CRC 'Innovation for Well-Being and Environment' (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tedeschi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine (DIMEVET), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,CRC 'Innovation for Well-Being and Environment' (I-WE), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Immacolata Castellano
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Ina Arnone
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Palumbo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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21
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Promising Strategies in Plant-Derived Treatments of Psoriasis-Update of In Vitro, In Vivo, and Clinical Trials Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030591. [PMID: 35163855 PMCID: PMC8839811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic systemic inflammatory disease affecting 125 million people worldwide. It is associated with several important conditions, including psoriatic arthritis, cardiometabolic syndrome, and depression, leading to a significant reduction in patients’ quality of life. Current treatments only reduce symptoms, not cure. This review discusses the mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of the disease, the role of oxidative stress in this autoimmune disease, as well as potential therapeutic options with substances of natural origin. The main aim of the study is intended to offer a review of the literature to present plants and phytochemicals that can represent potential remedies in the fight against psoriasis. We identified many in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials studies that evaluated the relationship between chosen natural substances and immune system response in the course of psoriasis. We sought to find articles about the efficacy of potential natural-derived drugs in controlling symptoms and their ability to maintain long-term disease inactivity without side effects, and the result of our work is a review, which highlights the effectiveness of plant-derived drugs in controlling the inflammatory burden on psoriatic patients by decreasing the oxidative stress conditions.
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22
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Disrupted mitochondrial homeostasis coupled with mitotic arrest generates antineoplastic oxidative stress. Oncogene 2022; 41:427-443. [PMID: 34773075 PMCID: PMC8755538 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02105-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as critical signals in various cellular processes. Excessive ROS cause cell death or senescence and mediates the therapeutic effect of many cancer drugs. Recent studies showed that ROS increasingly accumulate during G2/M arrest, the underlying mechanism, however, has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that in cancer cells treated with anticancer agent TH287 or paclitaxel that causes M arrest, mitochondria accumulate robustly and produce excessive mitochondrial superoxide, which causes oxidative DNA damage and undermines cell survival and proliferation. While mitochondrial mass is greatly increased in cells arrested at M phase, the mitochondrial function is compromised, as reflected by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, increased SUMOylation and acetylation of mitochondrial proteins, as well as an increased metabolic reliance on glycolysis. CHK1 functional disruption decelerates cell cycle, spares the M arrest and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative stress. Induction of mitophagy and blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis, measures that reduce mitochondrial accumulation, also decelerate cell cycle and abrogate M arrest-coupled mitochondrial oxidative stress. These results suggest that cell cycle progression and mitochondrial homeostasis are interdependent and coordinated, and that impairment of mitochondrial homeostasis and the associated redox signaling may mediate the antineoplastic effect of the M arrest-inducing chemotherapeutics. Our findings provide insights into the fate of cells arrested at M phase and have implications in cancer therapy.
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23
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Induction of Premature Cell Senescence Stimulated by High Doses of Antioxidants Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111851. [PMID: 34769282 PMCID: PMC8584632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, we found that high doses of several substances with antioxidant capacities (Tempol, resveratrol, diphenyleneiodonium) can cause genotoxic stress and induce premature senescence in the human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here, using whole-transcriptome analysis, we revealed the signs of endoplasmic reticulum stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in MSCs stressed with Tempol and resveratrol. In addition, we found the upregulation of genes, coding the UPR downstream target APC/C, and E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulate the stability of cell cycle proteins. We performed the molecular analysis, which further confirmed the untimely degradation of APC/C targets (cyclin A, geminin, and Emi1) in MSCs treated with antioxidants. Human fibroblasts responded to antioxidant applications similarly. We conclude that endoplasmic reticulum stress and impaired DNA synthesis regulation can be considered as potential triggers of cell damage and premature senescence stimulated by high-dose antioxidant treatments.
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Redox Homeostasis and Regulation in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Uniqueness or Versatility? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010946. [PMID: 34681606 PMCID: PMC8535588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) hold great potential both in studies on developmental biology and clinical practice. Mitochondrial metabolism that encompasses pathways that generate ATP and produce ROS significantly differs between PSCs and somatic cells. Correspondingly, for quite a long time it was believed that the redox homeostasis in PSCs is also highly specific due to the hypoxic niche of their origin-within the pre-implantation blastocyst. However, recent research showed that redox parameters of cultivated PSCs have much in common with that of their differentiated progeny cells. Moreover, it has been proven that, similar to somatic cells, maintaining the physiological ROS level is critical for the regulation of PSC identity, proliferation, differentiation, and de-differentiation. In this review, we aimed to summarize the studies of redox metabolism and signaling in PSCs to compare the redox profiles of pluripotent and differentiated somatic cells. We collected evidence that PSCs possess metabolic plasticity and are able to adapt to both hypoxia and normoxia, that pluripotency is not strictly associated with anaerobic conditions, and that cellular redox homeostasis is similar in PSCs and many other somatic cells under in vitro conditions that may be explained by the high conservatism of the redox regulation system.
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25
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Ivanova JS, Pugovkina NA, Neganova IE, Kozhukharova IV, Nikolsky NN, Lyublinskaya OG. Cell cycle-coupled changes in the level of reactive oxygen species support the proliferation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1671-1687. [PMID: 34460135 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The study of proliferation regulation in human pluripotent stem cells is crucial to gain insights into understanding the physiology of these cells. However, redox regulation of the pluripotent cell cycle remains largely unexplored. Here, using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as well as human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), we demonstrate that the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in pluripotent cells oscillates in accordance with the cell cycle progression with the peak occurring at transition from S to G2 /M phase of the cycle. A decrease of this level by antioxidants leads to hindered S-phase initiation and progression but does not affect the early-G1 -phase or mitosis. Cells exposed to antioxidants in the early-G1 -phase accumulate the phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein and overcome the restriction point but are unable to accumulate the main regulators of the S phase-CYCLIN A and GEMININ. Based on the previous findings that CYCLIN A stability is affected by redox homeostasis disturbances in somatic cells, we compared the responses to antioxidant treatments in hESCs and in their differentiated fibroblast-like progeny cells (difESCs). In difESCs, similar to hESCs, a decrease in ROS level results in the disruption of S-phase initiation accompanied by a deficiency of the CYCLIN A level. Moreover, in antioxidant-treated cells, we revealed the accumulation of DNA breaks, which was accompanied by activation of the apoptosis program in pluripotent cells. Thus, we conclude that maintaining the physiological ROS level is essential for promotion of proliferation and accurate DNA synthesis in pluripotent cells and their differentiated descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S Ivanova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia A Pugovkina
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina E Neganova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina V Kozhukharova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Nikolsky
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga G Lyublinskaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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26
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Smolyarova DD, Podgorny OV, Bilan DS, Belousov VV. A guide to genetically encoded tools for the study of H 2 O 2. FEBS J 2021; 289:5382-5395. [PMID: 34173331 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell metabolism heavily relies on the redox reactions that inevitably generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is now well established that ROS fluctuations near basal levels coordinate numerous physiological processes in living organisms, thus exhibiting regulatory functions. Hydrogen peroxide, the most long-lived ROS, is a key contributor to ROS-dependent signal transduction in the cell. H2 O2 is known to impact various targets in the cell; therefore, the question of how H2 O2 modulates physiological processes in a highly specific manner is central in redox biology. To resolve this question, novel genetic tools have recently been created for detecting H2 O2 and emulating its generation in living organisms with unmatched spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we review H2 O2 -sensitive genetically encoded fluorescent sensors and opto- and chemogenetic tools for controlled H2 O2 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria D Smolyarova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Oleg V Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Bilan
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Belousov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Georg August University Göttingen, Germany
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27
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Baquero JM, Benítez-Buelga C, Rajagopal V, Zhenjun Z, Torres-Ruiz R, Müller S, Hanna BMF, Loseva O, Wallner O, Michel M, Rodríguez-Perales S, Gad H, Visnes T, Helleday T, Benítez J, Osorio A. Small molecule inhibitor of OGG1 blocks oxidative DNA damage repair at telomeres and potentiates methotrexate anticancer effects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3490. [PMID: 33568707 PMCID: PMC7876102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82917-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common oxidative DNA lesion is 8-oxoguanine which is mainly recognized and excised by the 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), initiating the base excision repair (BER) pathway. Telomeres are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress (OS) which disrupts telomere homeostasis triggering genome instability. In the present study, we have investigated the effects of inactivating BER in OS conditions, by using a specific inhibitor of OGG1 (TH5487). We have found that in OS conditions, TH5487 blocks BER initiation at telomeres causing an accumulation of oxidized bases, that is correlated with telomere losses, micronuclei formation and mild proliferation defects. Moreover, the antimetabolite methotrexate synergizes with TH5487 through induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, which potentiates TH5487-mediated telomere and genome instability. Our findings demonstrate that OGG1 is required to protect telomeres from OS and present OGG1 inhibitors as a tool to induce oxidative DNA damage at telomeres, with the potential for developing new combination therapies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miguel Baquero
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Benítez-Buelga
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Varshni Rajagopal
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Zhao Zhenjun
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Raúl Torres-Ruiz
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah Müller
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Bishoy M F Hanna
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Olov Wallner
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sandra Rodríguez-Perales
- Molecular Cytogenetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Helge Gad
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Torkild Visnes
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, 7465, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17121, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Javier Benítez
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Human Genotyping-CEGEN Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Spanish Network on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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28
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Chong SJF, Iskandar K, Lai JXH, Qu J, Raman D, Valentin R, Herbaux C, Collins M, Low ICC, Loh T, Davids M, Pervaiz S. Serine-70 phosphorylated Bcl-2 prevents oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by modulating the mitochondrial redox metabolism. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 48:12727-12745. [PMID: 33245769 PMCID: PMC7736805 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 phosphorylation at serine-70 (S70pBcl2) confers resistance against drug-induced apoptosis. Nevertheless, its specific mechanism in driving drug-resistance remains unclear. We present evidence that S70pBcl2 promotes cancer cell survival by acting as a redox sensor and modulator to prevent oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and execution. Increased S70pBcl2 levels are inversely correlated with DNA damage in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and lymphoma patient-derived primary cells as well as in reactive oxygen species (ROS)- or chemotherapeutic drug-treated cell lines. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that S70pBcl2 is associated with lower median overall survival in lymphoma patients. Empirically, sustained expression of the redox-sensitive S70pBcl2 prevents oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and cell death by suppressing mitochondrial ROS production. Using cell lines and lymphoma primary cells, we further demonstrate that S70pBcl2 reduces the interaction of Bcl-2 with the mitochondrial complex-IV subunit-5A, thereby reducing mitochondrial complex-IV activity, respiration and ROS production. Notably, targeting S70pBcl2 with the phosphatase activator, FTY720, is accompanied by an enhanced drug-induced DNA damage and cell death in CLL primary cells. Collectively, we provide a novel facet of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 by demonstrating that its phosphorylation at serine-70 functions as a redox sensor to prevent drug-induced oxidative stress-mediated DNA damage and execution with potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Jun Fei Chong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kartini Iskandar
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolin Xiao Hui Lai
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianhua Qu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Deepika Raman
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Valentin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Herbaux
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mary Collins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Cherh Chiet Low
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thomas Loh
- Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Healthcare System (NUHS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore, Singapore.,NUS Graduate School of Integrative Science and Engineering, NUS, Singapore, Singapore.,National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore.,Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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29
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Karna SKL, Lone BA, Ahmad F, Shahi N, Pokharel YR. Knockdown of CSNK2ß suppresses MDA-MB231 cell growth, induces apoptosis, inhibits migration and invasion. EXCLI JOURNAL 2020; 19:1211-1226. [PMID: 33013272 PMCID: PMC7527516 DOI: 10.17179/excli2020-2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Among different types of breast cancer known, treatment of triple-negative breast cancer is a major challenge because of its aggressiveness and poor prognosis; thus, identification of specific drivers is required for targeted therapies of breast cancer malignancy. Protein Casein Kinase (CSNK) is a serine/threonine kinase that exists as a tetrameric complex consisting of two catalytic (α and /or α') and two regulatory β subunits. CSNK2β can also function independently without catalytic subunits and exist as a distinct population in cells. This study aims to elucidate the role of Casein Kinase 2β (CSNK2β) gene in cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration and apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. The silencing of CSNK2β in MDA-MB-231 cells resulted in decreased cell viability and colony formation. Cell cycle analysis showed a significant arrest of cells in G2M phase. Hoechst and CM-H2DCFDA staining showed nuclear condensation and augmented intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, silencing of CSNK2β in MDA-MB-231 cells modulated the apoptotic machinery- BAX, Bcl-xL, and caspase 3; autophagy machinery-Beclin-1 and LC3-1; and inhibited the vital markers (p-ERK, c-Myc, NF-κB, E2F1, PCNA, p38-α) associated with cell proliferation and DNA replication pathways. In addition, knockdown of CSNK2β also affected the migration potential of MDA-MB-231, as observed in the wound healing and transwell migration assays. Altogether, the study suggests that CSNK2β silencing may offer future therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibendra Kumar Lal Karna
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Lone
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Faiz Ahmad
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Nerina Shahi
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty of Life Science and Biotechnology, South Asian University, Akbar Bhawan, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi-110021, India
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30
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Sayyadi M, Safaroghli-Azar A, Safa M, Abolghasemi H, Momeny M, Bashash D. NF-κB-dependent Mechanism of Action of c-Myc Inhibitor 10058-F4: Highlighting a Promising Effect of c-Myc Inhibition in Leukemia Cells, Irrespective of p53 Status. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:153-165. [PMID: 32922477 PMCID: PMC7462502 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2020.112926.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the frequent contribution in the pathogenesis of different human malignancies, c-Myc is among those transcription factors that are believed to be pharmacologically targeted for cancer therapeutic approaches. In the present study, we examined the anti-leukemic effect of a well-known c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 on a panel of hematologic malignant cells harboring either mutant or wild-type p53. Notably, we found that the suppression of c-Myc was coupled with the reduction in the survival of all the tested leukemic cells; however, as far as we are aware, this study suggests for the first time that the cytotoxic effect of 10058-F4 was not significantly affected by the molecular status of p53. Delving into the molecular mechanisms of the inhibitor in the most sensitive cell line revealed that 10058-F4 could induce apoptotic cell death in mutant p53-expressing NB4 cells through the suppression of NF-κB pathway coupled with a significant induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, we found that the anti-leukemic effect of 10058-F4 was overshadowed, at least partially, through the compensatory activation of the PI3K signaling pathway; highlighting a plausible attenuating role of this axis on 10058-F4 cytotoxicity. In conclusion, the results of the present study shed light on the favorable anti-leukemic effect of 10058-F4, especially in combination with PI3K inhibitors in acute promyelocytic leukemia; however, further investigations should be accomplished to determine the efficacy of the inhibitor, either as a single agent or in a combined-modal strategy, in leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sayyadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ava Safaroghli-Azar
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Safa
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Abolghasemi
- Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Momeny
- Cancer Cell Signaling, Turku Center for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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31
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Proulx J, Borgmann K, Park IW. Post-translational modifications inducing proteasomal degradation to counter HIV-1 infection. Virus Res 2020; 289:198142. [PMID: 32882242 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are integral to regulating a wide variety of cellular processes in eukaryotic cells, such as regulation of protein stability, alteration of celluar location, protein activity modulation, and regulation of protein interactions. HIV-1, like other eukaryotic viruses, and its infected host exploit the proteasomal degradation system for their respective proliferation and survival, using various PTMs, including but not limited to ubiquitination, SUMOylation, NEDDylation, interferon-stimulated gene (ISG)ylation. Essentially all viral proteins within the virions -- and in the HIV-1-infected cells -- interact with their cellular counterparts for this degradation, utilizing ubiquitin (Ub), and the Ub-like (Ubl) modifiers less frequently, to eliminate the involved proteins throughout the virus life cycle, from the entry step to release of the assembled virus particles. Such interplay is pivotal for, on the one hand, the cell to restrict proliferation of the infecting virus, and on the other, for molecular counteraction by the virus to overcome this cellular protein-imposed restriction. Recent reports indicate that not only viral/cellular proteins but also viral/viral protein interactions play vital roles in regulating viral protein stability. We hence give an overview of the molecular processes of PTMs involved in proteasomal degradation of the viral and cellular proteins, and the viral/viral and viral/cellular protein interplay in restriction and competition for HIV-1 vs. host cell survival. Insights in this realm could open new avenues for developing therapeutics against HIV-1 via targeting specific steps of the proteasome degradation pathway during the HIV-1 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Proulx
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States
| | - Kathleen Borgmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States
| | - In-Woo Park
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, United States.
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32
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The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide and Peroxiredoxins throughout the Cell Cycle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040280. [PMID: 32224940 PMCID: PMC7222192 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an oxidizing agent that induces cellular damage at inappropriate concentrations and gives rise to an arrest during cell cycle progression, causing cell death. Recent evidence indicates that H2O2 also acts as a promoter for cell cycle progression by oxidizing specific thiol proteins. The intracellular concentration of H2O2 is regulated tightly, enabling its use as a cellular signaling molecule while minimizing its potential to cause cellular damage. Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have peroxidase activity toward H2O2, organic hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite for protecting cells from oxidative stress. They are suggested to work as signaling mediators, allowing the local accumulation of H2O2 by inactivating their peroxidase activity uniquely compared with other antioxidant proteins such as catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Given that Prxs are highly sensitive to oxidation by H2O2, they act as sensors and transducers of H2O2 signaling via transferring their oxidation state to effector proteins. The concentrations of intracellular H2O2 increase as the cell cycle progresses from G1 to mitosis. Here, we summarize the roles of Prxs with regard to the regulation of cell cycle-dependent kinase activity and anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome in terms of changes in H2O2 levels. Protection of the cell from unwanted progression of the cell cycle is suggested to be a role of Prx. We discuss the possible roles of Prxs to control H2O2 levels.
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33
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Role of the Nuclear Lamina in Age-Associated Nuclear Reorganization and Inflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030718. [PMID: 32183360 PMCID: PMC7140666 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by the gradual loss of tissue function and integrity. Activation of inflammatory responses accelerates the deterioration of cells and tissues. Many studies have shown that alteration of the components of the nuclear lamina is associated with inflammation, both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism by which the nuclear lamina regulates inflammation is largely unknown. Recent studies have suggested that the nuclear lamina regulates both organization of the three-dimensional chromatin structure at the nuclear periphery and global gene expression, such as the expression of inflammatory response genes. Here, we discuss the current updates in the research on nuclear lamina alteration, activation of inflammation, and nuclear reorganization in models of cellular senescence and organismal aging.
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34
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Guo J, Yi GZ, Liu Z, Sun X, Yang R, Guo M, Li Y, Li K, Li K, Wang X, Song H, Qi S, Huang G, Liu Y. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Nuclear Perturbation in Human Glioma U87 Cells treated with Temozolomide. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:185-194. [PMID: 31833081 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive glioma, which has a very poor prognosis. Temozolomide (TMZ) is still a first-line treatment, but resistance is inevitable even in MGMT-deficient glioblastoma cells. The aims of this study were to comprehend the effect of TMZ on nucleus and the underlying mechanism of acquired TMZ resistance in MGMT-deficient GBM. We show the changes of nuclear proteome in the MGMT-deficient GBM U87 cells treated with TMZ for 1 week. Label-free-based quantitative proteomics were used to investigate nuclear protein abundance change. Subsequently, gene ontology function annotation, KEGG pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction analysis of DAPs, and immunofluorescence were applied to validate the quality of proteomics. In total, 457 (455 gene products) significant DAPs were identified, of which 327 were up-regulated and 128 were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis uncovered RAD50, MRE11, UBR5, MSH2, MSH6, DDB1, DDB2, RPA1, RBX1, CUL4A, and CUL4B mainly enriched in DNA damage repair related pathway and constituted a protein-protein interaction network. Ribosomal proteins were down-regulated. Cells were in a stress-responsive state, while the entire metabolic level was lowered. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: In U87 cell treated with TMZ for 1 week, which resulted in DNA damage, we found various proteins dysregulated in the nucleus. Some proteins related to the DNA damage repair pathway were up-regulated, and there was a strong interaction. We believe this is the potential clues of chemotherapy resistance in tumour cells. These proteins can be used as indicators of tumour resistance screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Zhong Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhifeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Runwei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manlan Guo
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaomin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke Li
- The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaishu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiran Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haimin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songtao Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanglong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanfang Glioma Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yawei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,The Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Redox-Mediated Mechanism of Chemoresistance in Cancer Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100471. [PMID: 31658599 PMCID: PMC6826977 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) status is stabilized by a balance of ROS generation and elimination called redox homeostasis. ROS is increased by activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase family members and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis of mitochondria. Increased ROS is detoxified by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxiredoxins. ROS has a role as a secondary messenger in signal transduction. Cancer cells induce fluctuations of redox homeostasis by variation of ROS regulated machinery, leading to increased tumorigenesis and chemoresistance. Redox-mediated mechanisms of chemoresistance include endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated autophagy, increased cell cycle progression, and increased conversion to metastasis or cancer stem-like cells. This review discusses changes of the redox state in tumorigenesis and redox-mediated mechanisms involved in tolerance to chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer.
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Zhang J, Martinez-Gomez K, Heinzle E, Wahl SA. Metabolic switches from quiescence to growth in synchronized Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Metabolomics 2019; 15:121. [PMID: 31468142 PMCID: PMC6715666 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The switch from quiescence (G0) into G1 and cell cycle progression critically depends on specific nutrients and metabolic capabilities. Conversely, metabolic networks are regulated by enzyme-metabolite interaction and transcriptional regulation that lead to flux modifications to support cell growth. How cells process and integrate environmental information into coordinated responses is challenging to analyse and not yet described quantitatively. OBJECTIVES To quantitatively monitor the central carbon metabolism during G0 exit and the first 2 h after reentering the cell cycle from synchronized Saccharomyces cerevisiae. METHODS Dynamic tailored 13C metabolic flux analysis was used to observe the intracellular metabolite flux changes, and the metabolome and proteome were observed to identify regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS G0 cells responded immediately to an extracellular increase of glucose. The intracellular metabolic flux changed in time and specific events were observed. High fluxes into trehalose and glycogen synthesis were observed during the G0 exit. Both fluxes then decreased, reaching a minimum at t = 65 min. Here, storage degradation contributed significantly (i.e. 21%) to the glycolytic flux. In contrast to these changes, the glucose uptake rate remained constant after the G0 exit. The flux into the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway was highest (29-fold increase, 36.4% of the glucose uptake) at t = 65 min, while it was very low at other time points. The maximum flux seems to correlate with a late G1 state preparing for the S phase transition. In the G1/S phase (t = 87 min), anaplerotic reactions such as glyoxylate shunt increased. Protein results show that during this transition, proteins belonging to clusters related with ribosome biogenesis and assembly, and initiation transcription factors clusters were continuously synthetised. CONCLUSION The intracellular flux distribution changes dynamically and these major rearrangements highlight the coordinate reorganization of metabolic flux to meet requirements for growth during different cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrui Zhang
- 0000 0001 2097 4740grid.5292.cDepartment of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karla Martinez-Gomez
- 0000 0001 2167 7588grid.11749.3aBiochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Campus A 1.5, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Elmar Heinzle
- 0000 0001 2167 7588grid.11749.3aBiochemical Engineering, Saarland University, Campus A 1.5, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Sebastian Aljoscha Wahl
- 0000 0001 2097 4740grid.5292.cDepartment of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Nagy T, Fisi V, Frank D, Kátai E, Nagy Z, Miseta A. Hyperglycemia-Induced Aberrant Cell Proliferation; A Metabolic Challenge Mediated by Protein O-GlcNAc Modification. Cells 2019; 8:E999. [PMID: 31466420 PMCID: PMC6769692 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia has been associated with an increased prevalence of pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, cancer, or various disorders of the immune system. In some cases, these associations may be traced back to a common underlying cause, but more often, hyperglycemia and the disturbance in metabolic balance directly facilitate pathological changes in the regular cellular functions. One such cellular function crucial for every living organism is cell cycle regulation/mitotic activity. Although metabolic challenges have long been recognized to influence cell proliferation, the direct impact of diabetes on cell cycle regulatory elements is a relatively uncharted territory. Among other "nutrient sensing" mechanisms, protein O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification emerged in recent years as a major contributor to the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. An increasing amount of evidence suggest that O-GlcNAc may significantly influence the cell cycle and cellular proliferation. In our present review, we summarize the current data available on the direct impact of metabolic changes caused by hyperglycemia in pathological conditions associated with cell cycle disorders. We also review published experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that O-GlcNAc modification may be one of the missing links between metabolic regulation and cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Frank
- Department of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Patterson JC, Joughin BA, Prota AE, Mühlethaler T, Jonas OH, Whitman MA, Varmeh S, Chen S, Balk SP, Steinmetz MO, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. VISAGE Reveals a Targetable Mitotic Spindle Vulnerability in Cancer Cells. Cell Syst 2019; 9:74-92.e8. [PMID: 31302152 PMCID: PMC6688637 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an unmet need for new antimitotic drug combinations that target cancer-specific vulnerabilities. Based on our finding of elevated biomolecule oxidation in mitotically arrested cancer cells, we combined Plk1 inhibitors with TH588, an MTH1 inhibitor that prevents detoxification of oxidized nucleotide triphosphates. This combination showed robust synergistic killing of cancer, but not normal, cells that, surprisingly, was MTH1-independent. To dissect the underlying synergistic mechanism, we developed VISAGE, a strategy integrating experimental synergy quantification with computational-pathway-based gene expression analysis. VISAGE predicted, and we experimentally confirmed, that this synergistic combination treatment targeted the mitotic spindle. Specifically, TH588 binding to β-tubulin impaired microtubule assembly, which when combined with Plk1 blockade, synergistically disrupted mitotic chromosome positioning to the spindle midzone. These findings identify a cancer-specific mitotic vulnerability that is targetable using Plk1 inhibitors with microtubule-destabilizing agents and highlight the general utility of the VISAGE approach to elucidate molecular mechanisms of drug synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Patterson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea E Prota
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Mühlethaler
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver H Jonas
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew A Whitman
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Shohreh Varmeh
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sen Chen
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Michel O Steinmetz
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Research, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Biozentrum, University of Basel 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Lee JR, Lee JY, Kim HJ, Hahn MJ, Kang JS, Cho H. The inhibition of chloride intracellular channel 1 enhances Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31316050 PMCID: PMC6802611 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer due to its intrinsic characteristics; it is overexpressed in specific tumor types and its localization changes from cytosolic to surface membrane depending on activities and cell cycle progression. Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules that modulate diverse cellular functions, including cell death. In this study, we investigated the function of CLIC1 in Ca2+ and ROS signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Depletion of CLIC1 via shRNAs in A549 cells increased DNA double-strand breaks both under control conditions and under treatment with the putative anticancer agent chelerythrine, accompanied by a concomitant increase in the p-JNK level. CLIC1 knockdown greatly increased basal ROS levels, an effect prevented by BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelator. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements clearly showed that CLIC1 knockdown significantly increased chelerythrine-induced Ca2+ signaling as well as the basal Ca2+ level in A549 cells compared to these levels in control cells. Suppression of extracellular Ca2+ restored the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1-knockdown A549 cells relative to that in control cells, implying that CLIC1 regulates [Ca2+]i through Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. Consistent with this finding, the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) blocker nifedipine reduced the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1 knockdown cells to that in control cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CLIC1 knockdown induces an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level via LTCC, which then triggers excessive ROS production and consequent JNK activation. Thus, CLIC1 is a key regulator of Ca2+ signaling in the control of cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Rin Lee
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Yoon Lee
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myong-Joon Hahn
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Rojas VK, Park IW. Role of the Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) in the HIV-1 Life Cycle. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122984. [PMID: 31248071 PMCID: PMC6628307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is the major protein degradation process in the regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes in eukaryotic cells, including alteration of cellular location, modulation of protein activity, and regulation of protein interaction, it is reasonable to suggest that the infecting HIV-1 and the invaded hosts exploit the UPS in a contest for survival and proliferation. However, to date, regulation of the HIV-1 life cycle has been mainly explained by the stage-specific expression of HIV-1 viral genes, not by elimination processes of the synthesized proteins after completion of their duties in the infected cells, which is also quintessential for understanding the molecular processes of the virus life cycle and thereby HIV-1 pathogenesis. In fact, several previous publications have indicated that the UPS plays a critical role in the regulation of the proteasomal degradation of viral and cellular counterparts at every step of the HIV-1 life cycle, from the virus entry to release of the assembled virus particles, which is integral for the regulation of survival and proliferation of the infecting HIV-1 and to replication restriction of the invading virus in the host. However, it is unknown whether and how these individual events taking place at different stages of the HIV-1 life cycle are orchestrated as an overall strategy to overcome the restrictions conferred by the host cells. Thus, in this review, we overview the interplay between HIV-1 viral and cellular proteins for restrictions/competitions for proliferation of the virus in the infected cell, which could open a new avenue for the development of therapeutics against HIV-1 via targeting a specific step of the proteasome degradation pathway during the HIV-1 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian K Rojas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas, Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
| | - In-Woo Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, University of North Texas, Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA.
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Kim Y, Jang HH. Role of Cytosolic 2-Cys Prx1 and Prx2 in Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060169. [PMID: 31185618 PMCID: PMC6616918 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs), a family of peroxidases, are reactive oxygen species scavengers that hydrolyze H2O2 through catalytic cysteine. Mammalian Prxs comprise six isoforms (typical 2-Cys Prxs; Prx1–4, atypical 2-Cys Prx; Prx5, and 1-Cys Prx; Prx6) that are distributed over various cellular compartments as they are classified according to the position and number of conserved cysteine. 2-Cys Prx1 and Prx2 are abundant proteins that are ubiquitously expressed mainly in the cytosol, and over 90% of their amino acid sequences are homologous. Prx1 and Prx2 protect cells from ROS-mediated oxidative stress through the elimination of H2O2 and regulate cellular signaling through redox-dependent mechanism. In addition, Prx1 and Prx2 are able to bind to a diversity of interaction partners to regulate other various cellular processes in cancer (i.e., regulation of the protein redox status, cell growth, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis). Thus, Prx1 and Prx2 can be potential therapeutic targets and it is particularly important to control their level or activity. This review focuses on cytosolic 2-Cys Prx1 and Prx2 and their role in the regulation of redox signaling based on protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosup Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Ho Hee Jang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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Kim CW, Go RE, Hwang KA, Jeung EB, Choi SJ, Choi KC. Apoptotic effects of cigarette smoke extracts on mouse embryonic stem cells via oxidative stress. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:689-698. [PMID: 30742351 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that cigarette smoke and cigarette smoke extract (CSE) have negative effects on embryonic development. However, no studies have investigated the mechanism through which CSE affects the cellular signaling pathway leading to apoptosis and oxidative stress in embryonic cells, or how the two pathways are cross-linked. Thus, we studied the effects of CSE on apoptosis and oxidative stress in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Specifically, we measured changes in cell viability in response to CSEs (3R4F and two domestic cigarettes CSE 1 and 2) using a water soluble tetrazolium (WST) assay and a neutral red uptake (NRU) assay, which revealed that cell viability decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 was decreased and that of p21 and p27 was increased by CSE. Additionally, the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TUNEL)-stained cells was increased by CSE, while the levels of Bax and Caspase-3 increased and Bcl-2 decreased. Moreover, a 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-Glo H2 O2 assay confirmed that ROS were generated in response to CSE and that they were associated with up-regulated Keaf-1 and CHOP. Overall, the results revealed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) inhibited cell proliferation by regulating cell cycle-related protein expression and increased oxidative stress by regulating the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), resulting in apoptosis in mESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Won Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ryeo-Eun Go
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Bae Jeung
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Choi
- Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Chul Choi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
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Yang M, Jin Y, Fan S, Liang X, Jia J, Tan Z, Huang T, Li Y, Ma T, Li M. Inhibition of neddylation causes meiotic arrest in mouse oocyte. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:1254-1267. [PMID: 31111756 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1617453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian oocyte meiosis is a special form of cell division that provides haploid gametes for fertilization. Unlike in mitosis, post-translational modifications (PTMs) are more crucial during meiosis because of the absence of de novo mRNA transcription. As a classic PTM, protein neddylation is a biological process that mediates protein degradation by modifying cullin proteins and activating the Cullin-Ring E3 ligases. This process plays important roles in various biological processes such as autophagy and tumorigenesis. However, the function of neddylation in germ cells is unknown. In this study, we observed that the inhibition of neddylation by its specific inhibitor MLN4924 significantly arrests mouse oocyte at the stage of metaphase during meiosis. The arrested oocytes display impaired spindles with over-activation of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Accordingly, we identified early mitosis inhibitor 1 (Emi1), a key inhibitor of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/CFzr1), as a substrate of neddylation-mediated protein degradation. Thus, our study uncovered an unknown role of neddylation in female germ cells and suggests that proper neddylation is essential for oocyte maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Yang
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction , Ministry of Education , Beijing , China
| | - Yimei Jin
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction , Ministry of Education , Beijing , China
| | - Siying Fan
- c The Affiliated High School of Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xiaoling Liang
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Shenzhen Hospital , Shenzhen , China
| | - Jialin Jia
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction , Ministry of Education , Beijing , China
| | - Zhongzhou Tan
- e School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Tao Huang
- e School of Basic Medical Sciences , Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yuan Li
- f Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital , Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Teng Ma
- g Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology , Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute , Beijing , China.,h Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Toxicology and Oncology , Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine , Beijing , China
| | - Mo Li
- a Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Peking University Third Hospital , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction , Ministry of Education , Beijing , China
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Finley J. Cellular stress and AMPK links metformin and diverse compounds with accelerated emergence from anesthesia and potential recovery from disorders of consciousness. Med Hypotheses 2019; 124:42-52. [PMID: 30798915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The neural correlates of consciousness and the mechanisms by which general anesthesia (GA) modulate such correlates to induce loss of consciousness (LOC) has been described as one of the biggest mysteries of modern medicine. Several cellular targets and neural circuits have been identified that play a critical role in LOC induced by GA, including the GABAA receptor and ascending arousal nuclei located in the basal forebrain, hypothalamus, and brain stem. General anesthetics (GAs) including propofol and inhalational agents induce LOC in part by potentiating chloride influx through the GABAA receptor, leading to neural inhibition and LOC. Interestingly, nearly all GAs used clinically may also induce paradoxical excitation, a phenomenon in which GAs promote neuronal excitation at low doses before inducing unconsciousness. Additionally, emergence from GA, a passive process that occurs after anesthetic removal, is associated with lower anesthetic concentrations in the brain compared to doses associated with induction of GA. AMPK, an evolutionarily conserved kinase activated by cellular stress (e.g. increases in calcium [Ca2+] and/or reactive oxygen species [ROS], etc.) increases lifespan and healthspan in several model organisms. AMPK is located throughout the mammalian brain, including in neurons of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and striatum as well as in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus and cortex. Increases in ROS and Ca2+ play critical roles in neuronal excitation and glutamate, the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the human brain, activates AMPK in cortical neurons. Nearly every neurotransmitter released from ascending arousal circuits that promote wakefulness, arousal, and consciousness activates AMPK, including acetylcholine, histamine, orexin-A, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Several GAs that are commonly used to induce LOC in human patients also activate AMPK (e.g. propofol, sevoflurane, isoflurane, dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam). Various compounds that accelerate emergence from anesthesia, thus mitigating problematic effects associated with delayed emergence such as delirium, also activate AMPK (e.g. nicotine, caffeine, forskolin, carbachol). GAs and neurotransmitters also act as preconditioning agents and the GABAA receptor inhibitor bicuculline, which reverses propofol anesthesia, also activates AMPK in cortical neurons. We propose the novel hypothesis that cellular stress-induced AMPK activation links wakefulness, arousal, and consciousness with paradoxical excitation and accelerated emergence from anesthesia. Because AMPK activators including metformin and nicotine promote proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells located in the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus, AMPK activation may also enhance brain repair and promote potential recovery from disorders of consciousness (i.e. minimally conscious state, vegetative state, coma).
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Patterson JC, Joughin BA, van de Kooij B, Lim DC, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. ROS and Oxidative Stress Are Elevated in Mitosis during Asynchronous Cell Cycle Progression and Are Exacerbated by Mitotic Arrest. Cell Syst 2019; 8:163-167.e2. [PMID: 30797774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Although elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been observed in cancer cells and cancer cells aberrantly proliferate, it is not known whether the level of reactive oxygen species and the accumulation of oxidative damage to macromolecules vary across the cell cycle. Here, we measure the prevalence of reactive oxygen species and of biomolecule oxidation across the cell cycle in freely cycling cancer cells. We report that reactive oxygen species vary during the cell cycle and peak in mitosis, resulting in mitotic accumulation of oxidized protein cysteine residues. Prolonged mitotic arrest further increased the levels of ROS and the abundance of oxidatively damaged biomolecules, including cysteine-sulfenic-acid-containing proteins and 8-oxoguanine. These finding suggest that mitotic arrest agents may enhance the effects of ROS-dependent anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse C Patterson
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bert van de Kooij
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel C Lim
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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46
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Kornienko JS, Smirnova IS, Pugovkina NA, Ivanova JS, Shilina MA, Grinchuk TM, Shatrova AN, Aksenov ND, Zenin VV, Nikolsky NN, Lyublinskaya OG. High doses of synthetic antioxidants induce premature senescence in cultivated mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1296. [PMID: 30718685 PMCID: PMC6361906 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37972-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced premature senescence program is known to be activated in cells by various genotoxic stressors, and oxidative stress is considered to be the main of those. To this end, many studies discover antioxidants as protective anti-aging agents. In the current study, we examined the effects of different antioxidants (Tempol, resveratrol, NAC, DPI) on the mesenchymal stem cells maintained in normal physiological conditions. We used high, but non-cytotoxic antioxidant doses which are widely used in laboratory practice to protect cells from oxidative damage. We show that these substances induce reversible block of cell proliferation and do not cause any genotoxic effects when applied to the quiescent cells. However, the same doses of the same substances, when applied to the proliferating cells, can induce irreversible cell cycle arrest, DNA strand breaks accumulation and DNA damage response activation. As a consequence, antioxidant-induced DNA damage results in the stress-induced premature senescence program activation. We conclude that high doses of antioxidants, when applied to the proliferating cells that maintain physiological levels of reactive oxygen species, can cause DNA damage and induce premature senescence which suggests to re-estimate believed unconditional anti-aging antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju S Kornienko
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - I S Smirnova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Pugovkina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Ju S Ivanova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - M A Shilina
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - T M Grinchuk
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - A N Shatrova
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N D Aksenov
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - V V Zenin
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N N Nikolsky
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - O G Lyublinskaya
- Department of Intracellular Signaling and Transport, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, St.Petersburg, 194064, Russia.
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47
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Aktar K, Kafi A, Dahiya R. Association of Gpx1 fluctuation in cell cycle progression. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2019; 55:94-103. [PMID: 30632027 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-018-00314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This research demonstrates fluctuation of glutathione peroxidase1 (Gpx1) throughout cell cycle progression with significant decreased expression at mitosis of HeLa cell. This was achieved with western blot (WB) analysis of target proteins from each phase of synchronized cells. The synchronizations were performed with double thymidine (T/T) for G1/S arrest and thymidine followed by nocodazole (T/N) for G2/M arrest. The G1/S arrested cells were released in fresh medium for 3, 6, 9, 10, and 15h to obtain cell at each phase such as gap1 (G1), synthesis (S), gap2 (G2), mitosis (M), and gap1 (G1) phase, respectively, for investigating Gpx1 expression throughout a complete cycle. The synchronizations were confirmed using fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and WB analysis of phase-specific markers. The fluctuations of Gpx1 expression were verified with universal protein actin and peroxiredoxin1 (Prx1) which are stable throughout the cell cycle. Intriguingly, immunoblots showed the level of Gpx1 decreases at mitosis phase and increased during mitotic exit to G1 phase in HeLa cells, while Prx1 protein level remained constant. The fractionation experiments reveal that only the cytosolic Gpx1 was decreased while their levels at mitochondria remain constant. The highest levels of mitochondrial ROS were measured in mitosis phase with FACS analysis using Mito sox indicating that antioxidant activity of Gpx1 for detoxifying excessive induced endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitosis phase could be the reason for such decreasing level. For unfolding the molecular mechanism of such decreased expression, the Gpx1 was investigated at transcriptional, translational, and proteosomal level. The results revealed that translational mechanism is involve in the decreased expression rather than transcriptional or proteosomal degradation at mitosis phase. This finding supports that Gpx1 is involved in the cell cycle progression through regulation of endogenous ROS. Based on this observation, further research could uncover their possible association with the infinitive division of a cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khudishta Aktar
- BEST group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Abdul Kafi
- BEST group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ravinder Dahiya
- BEST group, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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48
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Ortega E, Yellol JG, Rothemund M, Ballester FJ, Rodríguez V, Yellol G, Janiak C, Schobert R, Ruiz J. A new C,N-cyclometalated osmium(ii) arene anticancer scaffold with a handle for functionalization and antioxidative properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11120-11123. [PMID: 30204166 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06427j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of six osmium(ii) complexes of the type [(η6-p-cymene)Os(C^N)X] (X = chlorido or acetato) containing benzimidazole C^N ligands with an ester group as a handle for further functionalization have been synthesized. They exhibit IC50 values in the low micromolar range in a panel of cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant cancer cells (approximately 10× more cytotoxic than CDDP in MCF-7), decrease the levels of intracellular ROS and reduce the NAD+ coenzyme, and inhibit tubulin polymerization. This discovery could open the door to a new large family of osmium(ii)-based bioconjugates with diverse modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Ortega
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, and Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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49
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Björklund M. Cell size homeostasis: Metabolic control of growth and cell division. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1866:409-417. [PMID: 30315834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Joint regulation of growth rate and cell division rate determines cell size. Here we discuss how animal cells achieve cell size homeostasis potentially involving multiple signaling pathways converging at metabolic regulation of growth rate and cell cycle progression. While several models have been developed to explain cell size control, comparison of the two predominant models shows that size homeostasis is dependent on the ability to adjust cellular growth rate based on cell size. Consequently, maintenance of size homeostasis requires that larger cells can grow slower than small cells in relative terms. We review recent experimental evidence showing that such size adjustment occurs primarily at or immediately before the G1/S transition of the cell cycle. We further propose that bidirectional feedback between growth rate and size results in cell size sensing and discuss potential mechanisms how this may be accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Björklund
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh (ZJU-UoE) Institute, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, International Campus, 718 East Haizhou Rd., Haining, Zhejiang 314400, PR China.
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50
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Pandey N, Vinod PK. Mathematical modelling of reversible transition between quiescence and proliferation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198420. [PMID: 29856829 PMCID: PMC5983510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells switch between quiescence and proliferation states for maintaining tissue homeostasis and regeneration. At the restriction point (R-point), cells become irreversibly committed to the completion of the cell cycle independent of mitogen. The mechanism involving hyper-phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb) and activation of transcription factor E2F is linked to the R-point passage. However, stress stimuli trigger exit from the cell cycle back to the mitogen-sensitive quiescent state after Rb hyper-phosphorylation but only until APC/CCdh1 inactivation. In this study, we developed a mathematical model to investigate the reversible transition between quiescence and proliferation in mammalian cells with respect to mitogen and stress signals. The model integrates the current mechanistic knowledge and accounts for the recent experimental observations with cells exiting quiescence and proliferating cells. We show that Cyclin E:Cdk2 couples Rb-E2F and APC/CCdh1 bistable switches and temporally segregates the R-point and the G1/S transition. A redox-dependent mutual antagonism between APC/CCdh1 and its inhibitor Emi1 makes the inactivation of APC/CCdh1 bistable. We show that the levels of Cdk inhibitor (CKI) and mitogen control the reversible transition between quiescence and proliferation. Further, we propose that shifting of the mitogen-induced transcriptional program to G2-phase in proliferating cells might result in an intermediate Cdk2 activity at the mitotic exit and in the immediate inactivation of APC/CCdh1. Our study builds a coherent framework and generates hypotheses that can be further explored by experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Pandey
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - P. K. Vinod
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad, India
- * E-mail:
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