1
|
Kulkarni H, Dagar N, Gaikwad AB. Targeting polo-like kinase 1 to treat kidney diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4099. [PMID: 39016459 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Globally, ∼850 million individuals suffer from some form of kidney disease. This staggering figure underscores the importance of continued research and innovation in the field of nephrology to develop effective treatments and improve overall global kidney health. In current research, the polo-like kinase (Plk) family has emerged as a group of highly conserved enzyme kinases vital for proper cell cycle regulation. Plks are defined by their N-terminal kinase domain and C-terminal polo-box domain, which regulate their catalytic activity, subcellular localization, and substrate recognition. Among the Plk family members, Plk1 has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in regulating multiple mitotic processes, particularly in the kidneys. It is a crucial serine-threonine (Ser-Thr) kinase involved in cell division and genomic stability. In this review, we delve into the types and functions of Plks, focusing on Plk1's significance in processes such as cell proliferation, spindle assembly, and DNA damage repair. The review also underscores Plk1's vital contributions to maintaining kidney homeostasis, elucidating its involvement in nuclear envelope breakdown, anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome activation, and the regulation of mRNA translation machinery. Furthermore, the review discusses how Plk1 contributes to the development and progression of kidney diseases, emphasizing its overexpression in conditions such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and so forth. It also highlights the importance of exploring Plk1 modulators as targeted therapies for kidney diseases in future. This review will help in understanding the role of Plk1 in kidney disease development, paving the way for the discovery and development of novel therapeutic approaches to manage kidney diseases effectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hrushikesh Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Z, Wu H, Shen C, Zhou F. Comprehensive Characterization of Immune Cell Infiltration Characteristics and Drug Sensitivity Analysis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Based on Bioinformatic Strategy. Biochem Genet 2024; 62:1021-1039. [PMID: 37517031 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10460-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly invasive form of breast cancer, renowned for its aggressive behavior, malignant capacity, and unfavorable prognosis. Despite considerable advancements in comprehending the underlying biology of IBC, the immune cell infiltration (ICI) profile in IBC remains inadequately elucidated. The current work endeavors to investigate the ICI characteristics of IBC and ascertain the pivotal immune cell subtypes and genes that impact its prognosis. The present study employed microarray data from the GEO database to demonstrate that IBC exhibited a lower abundance of activated mast cells (AMC) in comparison to non-inflammatory breast cancer (nIBC) or normal breast tissue (NBT). Additionally, the mRNA expression level of the gene polo-like kinase 5 (PLK5), which was correlated with AMC, was found to be lower in IBC relative to nIBC or NBT. Furthermore, this investigation provided compelling evidence indicating a potential association between a decreased mRNA expression level of PLK5 and a shorter progression-free survival in patients with breast cancer. The gene set enrichment analysis performed on PLK5 revealed that the gene expression in IBC was closely associated with diverse immune functions and pathways. Besides, a negative correlation has been established between PLK5 mRNA expression level and a majority of immune checkpoint-related genes, thereby suggesting the potential suitability of immunotherapy treatment for IBC. In summary, this study offers valuable insights into the ICI profile of IBC and identifies potential target PLK5 for improving its clinical management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Zhang
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Haitao Wu
- School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Cunsi Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fuqiong Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210022, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsuji K, Tamamura H, Burke TR. Application of a Fluorescence Recovery-Based Polo-Like Kinase 1 Binding Assay to Polo-Like Kinase 2 and Polo-Like Kinase 3. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1282-1287. [PMID: 38987177 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Assay systems for evaluating compound protein-binding affinities are essential for developing agonists and/or antagonists. Targeting individual members of a protein family can be extremely important and for this reason it is critical to have methods for evaluating selectivity. We have previously reported a fluorescence recovery assay that employs a fluorescein-labelled probe to determine IC50 values of ATP-competitive type 1 inhibitors of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1). This probe is based on the potent Plk1 inhibitor BI2536 [fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lysine (Lys) (BI2536) 1]. Herein, we extend this approach to the highly homologous Plk2 and Plk3 members of this kinase family. Our results suggest that this assay system is suitable for evaluating binding affinities against Plk2 and Plk3 as well as Plk1. The new methodology represents the first example of evaluating N-terminal catalytic kinase domain (KD) affinities of Plk2 and Plk3. It represents a simple and cost-effective alternative to traditional kinase assays to explore the KD-binding compounds against Plk2 and Plk3 as well as Plk1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ren C, Chen T, Zhang S, Gao Q, Zou J, Li P, Wang B, Zhao Y, OuYang A, Suolang S, Zhou H. PLK3 facilitates replication of swine influenza virus by phosphorylating viral NP protein. Emerg Microbes Infect 2023; 12:2275606. [PMID: 37874309 PMCID: PMC10768867 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2275606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Swine H1N1/2009 influenza is a highly infectious respiratory disease in pigs, which poses a great threat to pig production and human health. In this study, we investigated the global expression profiling of swine-encoded genes in response to swine H1N1/2009 influenza A virus (SIV-H1N1/2009) in newborn pig trachea (NPTr) cells. In total, 166 genes were found to be differentially expressed (DE) according to the gene microarray. After analyzing the DE genes which might affect the SIV-H1N1/2009 replication, we focused on polo-like kinase 3 (PLK3). PLK3 is a member of the PLK family, which is a highly conserved serine/threonine kinase in eukaryotes and well known for its role in the regulation of cell cycle and cell division. We validated that the expression of PLK3 was upregulated after SIV-H1N1/2009 infection. Additionally, PLK3 was found to interact with viral nucleoprotein (NP), significantly increased NP phosphorylation and oligomerization, and promoted viral ribonucleoprotein assembly and replication. Furthermore, we identified serine 482 (S482) as the phosphorylated residue on NP by PLK3. The phosphorylation of S482 regulated NP oligomerization, viral polymerase activity and growth. Our findings provide further insights for understanding the replication of influenza A virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiyue Ren
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shishuo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biaoxiong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Aotian OuYang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sizhu Suolang
- Department of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbo Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Su S, Ndiaye MA, Guzmán-Pérez G, Baus RM, Huang W, Patankar MS, Ahmad N. Potential Tumor Suppressor Role of Polo-like Kinase 5 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5457. [PMID: 38001717 PMCID: PMC10669931 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The polo-like kinase (PLK) family of serine/threonine kinases contains five members (PLK1-5). Most PLKs are involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response. However, PLK5 is different as it lacks a functional kinase domain and is not involved in cell cycle control. PLK5 remains the least-studied family member, and its role in oncogenesis remains enigmatic. Here, we identified tissues with high PLK5 expression by leveraging the Protein Atlas and GTEx databases with relevant literature and selected ovarian, lung, testis, endometrium, cervix, and fallopian tube tissues as candidates for further investigation. Subsequently, we performed immunohistochemical staining for PLK5 on multiple tissue microarrays followed by Vectra scanning and quantitative inForm analysis. This revealed consistently downregulated PLK5 expression in these cancers compared to normal tissues. To validate and extend our findings, we performed pan-cancer analysis of PLK5 expression using public RNAseq databases (TCGA and GTEx). We found PLK5 is downregulated in 18 cancer types, including our selected candidates. Interestingly, we also observed PLK5 expression remains consistently low in later stages of cancer, suggesting PLK5 may have a greater role in tumor initiation than cancer progression. Overall, our study demonstrates PLK5 downregulation in multiple cancers, highlighting its role as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengqin Su
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
| | - Mary Ann Ndiaye
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
| | - Glorimar Guzmán-Pérez
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
| | - Rebecca Michael Baus
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (R.M.B.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (R.M.B.)
| | - Manish Suresh Patankar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA;
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.S.); (G.G.-P.)
- William S. Middleton VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou X, Zhang J, Ding Y, Huang H, Li Y, Chen W. Predicting late-stage age-related macular degeneration by integrating marginally weak SNPs in GWA studies. Front Genet 2023; 14:1075824. [PMID: 37065470 PMCID: PMC10101437 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1075824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the leading cause of blindness in developed countries. Current genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for late-stage age-related macular degeneration are mainly single-marker-based approaches, which investigate one Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) at a time and postpone the integration of inter-marker Linkage-disequilibrium (LD) information in the downstream fine mappings. Recent studies showed that directly incorporating inter-marker connection/correlation into variants detection can help discover novel marginally weak single-nucleotide polymorphisms, which are often missed in conventional genome-wide association studies, and can also help improve disease prediction accuracy. Methods: Single-marker analysis is performed first to detect marginally strong single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Then the whole-genome linkage-disequilibrium spectrum is explored and used to search for high-linkage-disequilibrium connected single-nucleotide polymorphism clusters for each strong single-nucleotide polymorphism detected. Marginally weak single-nucleotide polymorphisms are selected via a joint linear discriminant model with the detected single-nucleotide polymorphism clusters. Prediction is made based on the selected strong and weak single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Results: Several previously identified late-stage age-related macular degeneration susceptibility genes, for example, BTBD16, C3, CFH, CFHR3, HTARA1, are confirmed. Novel genes DENND1B, PLK5, ARHGAP45, and BAG6 are discovered as marginally weak signals. Overall prediction accuracy of 76.8% and 73.2% was achieved with and without the inclusion of the identified marginally weak signals, respectively. Conclusion: Marginally weak single-nucleotide polymorphisms, detected from integrating inter-marker linkage-disequilibrium information, may have strong predictive effects on age-related macular degeneration. Detecting and integrating such marginally weak signals can help with a better understanding of the underlying disease-development mechanisms for age-related macular degeneration and more accurate prognostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jipeng Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ying Ding
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas, KS, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Li X, Liu W, Hu G, Gu H, Cui X, Zhang D, Zeng W, Xia Y. TWEAK/Fn14 signaling may function as a reactive compensatory mechanism against extracellular matrix accumulation in keloid fibroblasts. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151290. [PMID: 36709605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Overabundance of the extracellular matrix resulting from hyperproliferation of keloid fibroblasts (KFs) and dysregulation of apoptosis represents the main pathophysiology underlying keloids. TWEAK is a weak apoptosis inducer, and it plays a critical role in pathological tissue remodeling via its receptor, Fn14. However, the role of TWEAK/Fn14 signaling in the pathogenesis of keloids has not been investigated. In this study, we confirmed the overexpression levels of TWEAK and Fn14 in clinical keloid tissue specimens and primary KFs. The extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes were also evaluated between primary KFs and their normal counterparts to determine the factors leading to the formation or development of keloids. Unexpectedly, exogenous TWEAK significantly reduced the levels of collagen I and collagen III, as well as alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Additionally, TWEAK promoted MMPs expression and apoptosis activity of KFs. Furthermore, we verified that the inhibitory effect of TWEAK on KFs is through down-regulation of Polo-like kinase 5, which modulates cell differentiation and apoptosis. The TWEAK-Fn14 axis seems to be a secondary, although less effective, compensatory mechanism to increase the catabolic functions of fibroblasts in an attempt to further decrease the accumulation of collagen. DATA AVAILABILITY: All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article (and its Supporting Information files).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Guanglei Hu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Hanjiang Gu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Dewu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Weihui Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Yumin Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang K, Shen S, Dong L, Fang Q, Hou X, Shi X. Polo-like kinase (PLK) 5, a new member of the PLK family, serves as a biomarker to indicate anabatic tumor burden and poor prognosis for resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Front Surg 2023; 9:964044. [PMID: 36684318 PMCID: PMC9856523 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.964044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A review argues that polo-like kinase 5 (PLK5) may be linked to unfavorable prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, which contradicts the discoveries from The Human Protein Atlas database (derived from TCGA analysis). This study intended to comprehensively confirm the association of PLK5 with clinical characteristics and prognosis in NSCLC patients. Methods This two-center, retrospective, cohort study enrolled 210 NSCLC patients receiving surgical resection. PLK5 protein and mRNA were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR in tumor and nontumor tissues. Moreover, RNA FPKM data for 994 lung cancer patients were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas database. Results PLK5 protein was decreased in tumor tissue compared to nontumor tissue (P < 0.001). Additionally, decreased PLK5 protein was linked with increased pathological grade (P = 0.002), lymph node metastasis presence (P = 0.001), elevated tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P = 0.003), and abnormal cancer antigen 125 (CA125) (P = 0.002). Meanwhile, low PLK5 protein was correlated with shortened disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.007) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.038); further multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that low PLK5 protein independently predicted unfavorable DFS (hazard ratio = 0.573, P = 0.022). PLK5 mRNA was reduced in tumor tissue compared with nontumor tissue (P < 0.001); its decline was linked with enhanced pathological grade (P = 0.034), climbed TNM stage (P = 0.032), and abnormal CA125 (P = 0.002). Furthermore, low PLK5 mRNA was correlated with unfavorable DFS (P = 0.046). The Human Protein Atlas database also disclosed the link between low PLK5 mRNA and worse OS (P = 0.046). Conclusion A PLK5 decrement reflects anabatic tumor burden and poor prognosis in NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaichao Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Shaohui Shen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Longnan Hospital, Daqing, China,Correspondence: Shaohui Shen
| | - Liyuan Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Qinmo Fang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xinlei Hou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stafford JM, Wyatt MD, McInnes C. Inhibitors of the PLK1 polo-box domain: drug design strategies and therapeutic opportunities in cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:65-81. [PMID: 36524399 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2159942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo Like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is a key regulator of mitosis and its overexpression is frequently observed in a wide variety of human cancers, while often being associated with poor survival rates. Therefore, it is considered a potential and attractive target for cancer therapeutic development. The Polo like kinase family is characterized by the presence of a unique C terminal polobox domain (PBD) involved in regulating kinase activity and subcellular localization. Among the two functionally essential, druggable sites with distinct properties that PLK1 offers, targeting the PBD presents an alternative approach for therapeutic development. AREAS COVERED Significant progress has been made in progressing from the peptidic PBD inhibitors first identified, to peptidomimetic and recently drug-like small molecules. In this review, the rationale for targeting the PBD over the ATP binding site is discussed, along with recent progress, challenges, and outlook. EXPERT OPINION The PBD has emerged as a viable alternative target for the inhibition of PLK1, and progress has been made in using compounds to elucidate mechanistic aspects of activity regulation and in determining roles of the PBD. Studies have resulted in proof of concept of in vivo efficacy suggesting promise for PBD binders in clinical development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessy M Stafford
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Olawale F, Iwaloye O, Elekofehinti OO. Virtual screening of natural compounds as selective inhibitors of polo-like kinase-1 at C-terminal polo box and N-terminal catalytic domain. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:13606-13624. [PMID: 34669551 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1991476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The over-expression of Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) is associated with cancer prognosis due to its pivotal role in cell proliferation. The N-terminal catalytic domain (NCD) and C-terminal polo box domain (PBD) of PLK1 are critical for the activity of the protein. Drugs that inhibit PLK1 by targeting these domains are on clinical trials, but so far, none has been approved by FDA. Thus, this study targets the two domains of PLK1 to identify compounds with inhibitory potential. Four validated e-pharmacophore models from NCD (PDB ID: 2OU7 and 4J52) and PBD (PDB ID: 5NEI and 5NN2) were used to screen over 26,000 natural compounds from NPASS database. Hits were identified after the well-fitted compounds were subjected to molecular docking study and ADME prediction. The pIC50 and electronic behaviour of the identified hits selectively targeting NCD and PBD of PLK1 were predicted via an externally validated QSAR model and quantum mechanics. The results showed that CAA180504, CAA197326, CAA74619, CAA328856 modulating PLK1 at NCD, and CBB130581, CBB230713, CBB206123, CBB12656 and CBB267117 modulating PLK1 at PBD had better molecular docking scores, pharmacokinetics and drug-like properties than NCD (volasertib) and PBD (purpurogallin) reference inhibitors. The compounds all had satisfactory inhibitory (pIC50) values which range from 6.187 to 7.157. The electronic behaviours of understudied compounds using HOMO/LUMO and global descriptive parameters revealed the atomic portion of the compounds prone to donating and accepting electrons. In conclusion, the hit compounds identified from the library of natural compounds are worthy of further experimental validation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Femi Olawale
- Nano-Gene and Drug Delivery Group, Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Science, University of Kwazulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Opeyemi Iwaloye
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology Akure, Akure, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiawei W, Xiajun B, Tian S, Xuzheng G, Zhenwang Z. Comprehensive analysis of PLKs expression and prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Genet 2022; 268-269:83-92. [PMID: 36206661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A thorough examination of PLKs in breast cancer, including their expression and prognosis. METHODS With the help of the Oncomine database, the transcript levels of PLKs in breast cancer were examined. The changes in PLKs expression with tumor stage and indeed the relationship between PLKs expression and stage of cancer in women with breast cancer were scrutinized by using the GEPIA database. Based on Kaplan-Meier plots, breast cancer patients were assessed for their prognosis. Breast cancer gene expression and mutations were analyzed within the cBioPortal database. RESULTS According to Oncomine data, PLK1 and PLK4 mRNA expression levels were dramatically elevated in breast cancer patients while PLK2 and PLK5P levels were significantly downregulated. PLK1 and PLK4 expression were discovered to be greater in breast cancer tissues than in healthy tissues following analysis of the GEPIA database (P < 0.05). High levels of PLK1 and PLK4 transcripts have been linked to poor relapse-free survival rates across all patients with breast cancer according to the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. The high levels of PLK2, PLK3, and PLK5 were associated with a higher recurrence-free survival rate. In the cBioPortal database, PLK was altered in 9.6% of breast cancer samples. Genetic alterations occurred in 15.07% of clinically counted invasive breast cancers, with mutations in 4.11%, gene amplifications in 9.59%, and gene deletion mutations in 1.37%. Additionally, the KEGG database demonstrates that PLKs are crucial for the cell cycle. The findings imply that elevated PLK1 and PLK4 expression in tissues of breast cancer might contribute significantly to the carcinogenesis of breast cancer. Moreover, PLK1 and PLK4 are highly expressed in breast cancer, and their use as molecular markers to identify high-risk subsets from patients with breast cancer is potentially possible. CONCLUSIONS For the precise therapy of breast cancers, PLK1 and PLK4 are potential targets, while PLK2, PLK3, and PLK5 are brand-new biomarkers for predicting the prognosis of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jiawei
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Bao Xiajun
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Sun Tian
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Gao Xuzheng
- HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China
| | - Zhang Zhenwang
- Medicine Research Institute/Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437000, Hubei, China; HuBei University of Science and Technology of Medicine, Xianning Medical College, Xianning 437000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Langlois-Lemay L, D’Amours D. Moonlighting at the Poles: Non-Canonical Functions of Centrosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:930355. [PMID: 35912107 PMCID: PMC9329689 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.930355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrosomes are best known as the microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) of eukaryotic cells. In addition to their classic role in chromosome segregation, centrosomes play diverse roles unrelated to their MTOC activity during cell proliferation and quiescence. Metazoan centrosomes and their functional doppelgängers from lower eukaryotes, the spindle pole bodies (SPBs), act as important structural platforms that orchestrate signaling events essential for cell cycle progression, cellular responses to DNA damage, sensory reception and cell homeostasis. Here, we provide a critical overview of the unconventional and often overlooked roles of centrosomes/SPBs in the life cycle of eukaryotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Langlois-Lemay
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kim T. Recent Progress on the Localization of PLK1 to the Kinetochore and Its Role in Mitosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095252. [PMID: 35563642 PMCID: PMC9102930 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate distribution of the replicated genome during cell division is essential for cell survival and healthy organismal development. Errors in this process have catastrophic consequences, such as birth defects and aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer cells. PLK1 is one of the master kinases in mitosis and has multiple functions, including mitotic entry, chromosome segregation, spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. To dissect the role of PLK1 in mitosis, it is important to understand how PLK1 localizes in the specific region in cells. PLK1 localizes at the kinetochore and is essential in spindle assembly checkpoint and chromosome segregation. However, how PLK1 localizes at the kinetochore remains elusive. Here, we review the recent literature on the kinetochore recruitment mechanisms of PLK1 and its roles in spindle assembly checkpoint and attachment between kinetochores and spindle microtubules. Together, this review provides an overview of how the local distribution of PLK1 could regulate major pathways in mitosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taekyung Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, 2, Busandaehak-ro 63beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ding Y, Liu H, Zhang C, Bao Z, Yu S. Polo-like kinases as potential targets and PLK2 as a novel biomarker for the prognosis of human glioblastoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2320-2334. [PMID: 35256538 PMCID: PMC8954957 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent malignant central nervous system (CNS) cancer is glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PLKs (polo-like kinases) are a kind of serine-threonine kinase that modulate DNA replication, mitosis, and stress responses. PLKs in GBM need to be better studied and examined in terms of their expression, function, along with prognostic significance. Using an existing publicly available data set, we evaluated the expression level and prognostic relevance of PLKs in GBM patients at the molecular level. The biological processes along with cascades of the screened gene were predicted using the functional enrichment of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. The data illustrated that PLK1/3/4 contents were greater in GBM tissues than in non-tumorous tissues, but PLK2/5 expression levels were lower. PLK2 expression was also linked to patient outcome in GBM. Our findings imply that PLKs might be useful molecular indicators as well as prospective treatment targets for GBM. A PLK2 inhibitor has been studied for the first time in a glioma cell in this work. In glioma cells, ON1231320 has anticancer effects. Finally, a summary of PLK inhibitors is presented, along with projections for future progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanjie Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuqing Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Korns J, Liu X, Takiar V. A review of Plks: Thinking outside the (polo) box. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:254-263. [PMID: 35049091 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The polo-like kinase (Plk) family is comprised of five different members (Plk1-5), each with their own distinct functions. Plk family members participate in pivotal cell division processes as well as in non-mitotic roles. Importantly, Plk expression has been correlated with various disease states, including cancer. Multiples therapies, which primarily target Plk1, are currently being investigated alone or in combination with other agents for clinical use in different cancers. As the role of Plks in disease progression becomes more prominent, it is important to outline their functions as cell cycle regulators and more. This review summarizes the structure and both mitotic and non-mitotic functions of each of the five Plk family members, sequentially. Additionally, the proposed mechanisms for how Plks contribute to tumorigenesis and the therapeutics currently under investigation are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Korns
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnat, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Vinita Takiar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnat, Ohio, USA.,Cincinnati VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Iliaki S, Beyaert R, Afonina IS. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) signaling in cancer and beyond. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114747. [PMID: 34454931 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PLK1 is an evolutionary conserved Ser/Thr kinase that is best known for its role in cell cycle regulation and is expressed predominantly during the G2/S and M phase of the cell cycle. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation of specific substrates controls cell entry into mitosis, centrosome maturation, spindle assembly, sister chromatid cohesion and cytokinesis. In addition, a growing body of evidence describes additional roles of PLK1 beyond the cell cycle, more specifically in the DNA damage response, autophagy, apoptosis and cytokine signaling. PLK1 has an indisputable role in cancer as it controls several key transcription factors and promotes cell proliferation, transformation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, deregulation of PLK1 results in chromosome instability and aneuploidy. PLK1 is overexpressed in many cancers, which is associated with poor prognosis, making PLK1 an attractive target for cancer treatment. Additionally, PLK1 is involved in immune and neurological disorders including Graft versus Host Disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Unfortunately, newly developed small compound PLK1 inhibitors have only had limited success so far, due to low therapeutic response rates and toxicity. In this review we will highlight the current knowledge about the established roles of PLK1 in mitosis regulation and beyond. In addition, we will discuss its tumor promoting but also tumor suppressing capacities, as well as the available PLK1 inhibitors, elaborating on their efficacy and limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Iliaki
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Inna S Afonina
- Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lisoway AJ, Chen CC, Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Kennedy JL. Toward personalized medicine in schizophrenia: Genetics and epigenetics of antipsychotic treatment. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:112-124. [PMID: 34049235 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder where genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in disease onset, course of illness, and treatment outcome. Pharmaco(epi)genetic research presents an important opportunity to improve patient care through prediction of medication side effects and response. In this narrative review, we discuss the current state of research and important progress of both genetic and epigenetic factors involved in antipsychotic response, over the past five years. The review is largely focused on the following frequently prescribed antipsychotics: olanzapine, risperidone, aripiprazole, and clozapine. Several consistent pharmacogenetic findings have emerged, in particular pharmacokinetic genes (primarily cytochrome P450 enzymes) and pharmacodynamic genes involving dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate neurotransmission. In addition to studies analysing DNA sequence variants, there are also several pharmacoepigenetic studies of antipsychotic response that have focused on the measurement of DNA methylation. Although pharmacoepigenetics is still in its infancy, consideration of both genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to antipsychotic response and side effects no doubt will be increasingly important in personalized medicine. We provide recommendations for next steps in research and clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Lisoway
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Cheng C Chen
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Clement C Zai
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - James L Kennedy
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kressin M, Fietz D, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1176. [PMID: 34065956 PMCID: PMC8151477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs' applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu D, Li C. Regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 Axis by Protein Kinases and Its Implication in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646687. [PMID: 33842469 PMCID: PMC8027324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to hypoxia is a key biological process that facilitates adaptation of cells to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). This process is critical for cancer cells to adapt to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment resulting from rapid tumor growth. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor and a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. The activity of HIF-1 is dictated primarily by its alpha subunit (HIF-1α), whose level and/or activity are largely regulated by an oxygen-dependent and ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated process. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) catalyze hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HIF-1α by the proteasome. Seven in Absentia Homolog 2 (SIAH2), a RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, stabilizes HIF-1α by targeting PHDs for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome. This SIAH2-HIF-1 signaling axis is important for maintaining the level of HIF-1α under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A number of protein kinases have been shown to phosphorylate SIAH2, thereby regulating its stability, activity, or substrate binding. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 axis via phosphorylation of SIAH2 by these kinases and the potential implication of this regulation in cancer biology and cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang X, Wei C, Liang H, Han L. Polo-Like Kinase 4's Critical Role in Cancer Development and Strategies for Plk4-Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:587554. [PMID: 33777739 PMCID: PMC7994899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.587554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are critical regulatory molecules during the cell cycle process. This family has five members: Plk1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Plk4 has been identified as a master regulator of centriole replication, and its aberrant expression is closely associated with cancer development. In this review, we depict the DNA, mRNA, and protein structure of Plk4, and the regulation of Plk4 at a molecular level. Then we list the downstream targets of Plk4 and the hallmarks of cancer associated with these targets. The role of Plk4 in different cancers is also summarized. Finally, we review the inhibitors that target Plk4 in the hope of discovering effective anticancer drugs. From authors' perspective, Plk4 might represent a valuable tumor biomarker and critical target for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Han
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neuroinjury Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin SF, Yeh CN, Huang YT, Chou TC, Wong RJ. Therapeutic inhibition of polo-like kinases in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:803-814. [PMID: 33306266 PMCID: PMC7893987 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo‐like kinases (PLKs) are potent regulators of cell proliferation and cell survival. Polo‐like kinases are potential targets in the treatment of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC), a rare but deadly disease. The therapeutic effects of volasertib, a PLK inhibitor, was evaluated for the treatment of ATC either alone or in combination with sorafenib. Volasertib decreased cell viability in three ATC cell lines (8505C, 8305C, and KAT18) in a dose‐dependent manner. Volasertib caused ATC cells to accumulate in G2/M phase, activated caspase‐3 activity, and induced apoptosis. Combination therapy using volasertib and sorafenib in ATC cells showed mostly synergistic effects. In vivo studies revealed that combination therapy of volasertib and sorafenib was effective in the treatment of 8505C xenografts. Single‐agent volasertib treatment was sufficient to retard 8305C tumor growth. No substantial morbidity was observed in animals that received either single‐agent or combination treatment. These preclinical findings suggest that volasertib could be an effective drug in treating ATC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Wong
- Head and Neck Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kurasawa Y, An T, Li Z. Polo-like kinase in trypanosomes: an odd member out of the Polo family. Open Biol 2020; 10:200189. [PMID: 33050792 PMCID: PMC7653357 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) are evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinases playing crucial roles during multiple stages of mitosis and cytokinesis in yeast and animals. Plks are characterized by a unique Polo-box domain, which plays regulatory roles in controlling Plk activation, interacting with substrates and targeting Plk to specific subcellular locations. Plk activity and protein abundance are subject to temporal and spatial control through transcription, phosphorylation and proteolysis. In the early branching protists, Plk orthologues are present in some taxa, such as kinetoplastids and Giardia, but are lost in apicomplexans, such as Plasmodium. Works from characterizing a Plk orthologue in Trypanosoma brucei, a kinetoplastid protozoan, discover its essential roles in regulating the inheritance of flagellum-associated cytoskeleton and the initiation of cytokinesis, but not any stage of mitosis. These studies reveal evolutionarily conserved and species-specific features in the control of Plk activation, substrate recognition and protein abundance, and suggest the divergence of Plk function and regulation for specialized needs in this flagellated unicellular eukaryote.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziyin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zeng Y, Li N, Liu W, Zeng M, Cheng J, Huang J. Analyses of expressions and prognostic values of Polo-like kinases in non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2447-2460. [PMID: 32627077 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03288-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great advances in its early diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer is still an intractable disease and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths and morbidity in the world. The family of Polo-like kinases (PLKs) consists of five serine/threonine kinases, which have been reported to participate in various human diseases. However, the expression and prognostic value of each PLK in human lung cancer have not been fully understood. This study analyzed mRNA expression and prognostic value of different PLKs in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS First, mRNA expression of PLKs in patients with NSCLC from the Oncomine and the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database was investigated. Then, a Kaplan-Meier plotter was employed for survival analysis. The sequence alteration for PLKs was analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the cBioPortal database. Additionally, we analyzed the association among different PLKs using the LinkedOmics database. Finally, the enrichment analysis of PLKs was achieved using the DAVID database. RESULTS The mRNA expression levels of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly overexpressed, while mRNA expression level of PLK3 was underexpressed in patients with NSCLC. mRNA expressions of PLK1 and PLK4 were significantly and positively related to the tumor stage of NSCLC. Increased expressions of PLK1, PLK4, and PLK5 and decreased expression of PLK2 were attributed to limited overall survival time in NSCLC. PLK1 was positively correlated with PLK4 via the LinkedOmics database. CONCLUSIONS PLKs are relevant targets for NSCLC treatment, especially PLK1 and PLK4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Nanhong Li
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqing Zeng
- First Clinical School of Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfen Cheng
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, 12# Minyou Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524003, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Pathological Diagnosis and Research Center, Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, 57# Renmin avenue South, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, 2# Wenming Eastern Road, Xiashan, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huo Z, Su Y, Dong Y, Zheng Y, Zhang Q, Duan Y, Wang G. Rho-kinase inhibition by Fasudil promotes tumor maturation and apoptosis in small-cell lung cancer. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:4354-4370. [PMID: 32913511 PMCID: PMC7476155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine neoplasm with inadequate therapeutic options. Fasudil is a Rho-associated protein kinase 1 and 2 (ROCK1/2) inhibitor whose clinical indications remain limited in cardiocerebrovascular diseases. This study aimed to report a possible implication of Fasudil for SCLC. The expression and prognostic value of ROCK1/2 were investigated immunohistochemically in surgical specimens. The positive rates of ROCK1 (77/113, 68.1%) and ROCK2 (94/113, 83.2%) were distinctly higher in SCLC than in other lung neuroendocrine tumors. The high expression level of ROCK1 was related to the poor long-term survival of patients, especially in the classic SCLC subtype. In vitro, SCLC cell line treated with Fasudil exhibited synapse-like morphologic change, accompanied by a reduction in the expression levels of c-myc and cyclin D1. Cell cycle arrest was further demonstrated, accompanied by sensitivity to starvation-induced apoptosis, indicating tumor maturation. In addition, RNA-seq identified hundreds of differentially expressed genes involved in the positive regulation of neuron differentiation, stem cell differentiation, cell development, and nervous system development. Finally, Fasudil inhibited SCLC growth, promoted structural maturity, and induced apoptosis in BALB/c nude mice xenograft model. In conclusion, these results indicated a potential and novel application of Fasudil for SCLC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zitian Huo
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yinxia Su
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Dong
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yiyun Zheng
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yaqi Duan
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu J, Ma L, Chen Z, Song Y, Gu T, Liu X, Zhao H, Yao N. Identification of critical genes in gastric cancer to predict prognosis using bioinformatics analysis methods. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:884. [PMID: 32793728 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-4427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Ranking fourth in the world in tumor incidence and second in cancer-related death worldwide, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the major malignant tumors, and has a very complicated pathogenesis. In the present study, we aimed to identify new biomarkers to predict the survival rate of GC patients. Methods The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between GC tissues and normal stomach tissues were obtained by using GEO2R, and overlapped DEGs were acquired with Venn diagrams. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis were conducted with R software. Then, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) of these DEGs was visualized by Cytoscape. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) was used to verify the expression differences of hub genes in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues. Overall survival (OS) of hub genes was calculated by Kaplan-Meier plotter. Results There were a total of 128 consistently expressed genes in the two datasets: 85 upregulated genes were enriched in extra-cellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction, protein digestion and absorption, focal adhesion, gastric acid secretion, mineral absorption, systemic lupus erythematosus, amoebiasis, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and 43 downregulated genes were enriched in palate development, blood coagulation, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, axonogenesis, receptor internalization, negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, and in no significant signaling pathways. From the PPI network analyzed by Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in, all 27 upregulated genes were selected. Furthermore, to analyze the OS among these genes, Kaplan-Meier analysis was conducted, and 25 genes were associated with remarkably worse survival. For validation in GEPIA, 11 of 25 genes were discovered to be highly expressed in GC tissues compared to normal OS tissues. Furthermore, in the re-analysis of the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), three genes [G2/miotic-specific cyclin B1 (CCNB1), polo-like kinases 1 (PLK1), and pituitary tumor-transforming gene-1 (PTTG1)] were markedly enriched in the cell cycle pathway, particulary the G1-G1/S phase. Conclusions Three remarkably upregulated DEGs with poor prognosis in GC were identified and may serve as new prognostic biomarkers and targets in GC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Chemotherapy, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Radiation oncology, Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tinging Gu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ninghua Yao
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Phosphorylation of PLK3 Is Controlled by Protein Phosphatase 6. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061506. [PMID: 32575753 PMCID: PMC7349513 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases play essential roles in cell cycle control and mitosis. In contrast to other members of this kinase family, PLK3 has been reported to be activated upon cellular stress including DNA damage, hypoxia and osmotic stress. Here we knocked out PLK3 in human non-transformed RPE cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing. Surprisingly, we find that loss of PLK3 does not impair stabilization of HIF1α after hypoxia, phosphorylation of the c-Jun after osmotic stress and dynamics of DNA damage response after exposure to ionizing radiation. Similarly, RNAi-mediated depletion of PLK3 did not impair stress response in human transformed cell lines. Exposure of cells to various forms of stress also did not affect kinase activity of purified EGFP-PLK3. We conclude that PLK3 is largely dispensable for stress response in human cells. Using mass spectrometry, we identify protein phosphatase 6 as a new interacting partner of PLK3. Polo box domain of PLK3 mediates the interaction with the PP6 complex. Finally, we find that PLK3 is phosphorylated at Thr219 in the T-loop and that PP6 constantly dephosphorylates this residue. However, in contrast to PLK1, phosphorylation of Thr219 does not upregulate enzymatic activity of PLK3, suggesting that activation of both kinases is regulated by distinct mechanisms.
Collapse
|
28
|
Xie XL, Zhu HX, Li YM, Chen DT, Fan TY. Differential expression of AURKA/PLK4 in quiescence and senescence of osteosarcoma U2OS cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:884-894. [PMID: 32200684 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1731054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify co-expressed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in quiescence and senescence of osteosarcoma (OS) U2OS cells and investigate their biological functions. GSE94805 from Gene Expression Omnibus database was extracted, involving 12 samples of OS U2OS cells (4 quiescence, 4 senescence, and 4 control samples). After analysis of DEGs by limma package, VENN analysis was performed to identify co-expressed DEGs in quiescence and senescent. The Cytoscape software was used to construct an interactive network of co-expressed DEGs. Finally, box-plot was drawn for the co-expressed DEGs in sub-network. Besides, the relation literatures were selected in GenCLiP database for the co-expressed DEGs. Seven hundred and forty-three DEGs (255 up-regulated genes, 488 down-regulated genes) were obtained in quiescence and 2135 DEGs (1189 up-regulated genes, 946 down-regulated genes) in senescence. Through VENN analysis, 448 DEGs (131 up-regulated genes, 317 down-regulated genes) were co-expressed in quiescent and senescence. In the co-expressed DEGs network, 896 nodes (448 nodes in quiescent, 448 nodes in senescent) were obtained. Finally, 16 co-expressed DEGs were obtained in the sub-network analysis, in which Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and polo-like kinase (PLK4) had been reported in OS. AURKA and PLK4 might be the key genes in quiescence and senescence of OS U2OS cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Liang Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xia Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Mei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - De-Ta Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-You Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Goroshchuk O, Vidarsdottir L, Björklund AC, Hamil AS, Kolosenko I, Dowdy SF, Palm-Apergi C. Targeting Plk1 with siRNNs in primary cells from pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2688. [PMID: 32060361 PMCID: PMC7021816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59653-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) accounts for nearly one fifth of all childhood cancers and current challenges in B-ALL treatment include resistance, relapse and late-onset side effects due to the chemotherapy. To overcome these hurdles, novel therapies need to be investigated. One promising target is Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a key regulator of the cell cycle. In this study, the Plk family expression is investigated in primary peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from ten pediatric B-ALL patients. For the first time, short interfering RiboNucleic Neutrals (siRNNs) that enter cells without a transfection reagent are used to target Plk1 mRNA in primary cells from pediatric B-ALL patients. Our results show that the expression of Plk1 and Plk4 is significantly higher in pediatric B-ALL patients compared to healthy donors. Moreover, treatment of primary peripheral blood and bone marrow mononuclear cells from pediatric B-ALL patients, cultured ex vivo, with Plk1-targeting siRNNs results in cleavage of Plk1 mRNA. Importantly, the Plk1 knockdown is specific and does not affect other Plk members in contrast to many small molecule Plk1 inhibitors. Thus, Plk1 is a potential therapeutic target in pediatric B-ALL and selective targeting of Plk1 can be achieved by the use of siRNNs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Goroshchuk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Vidarsdottir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Björklund
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander S Hamil
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Iryna Kolosenko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven F Dowdy
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Caroline Palm-Apergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Choi MR, Han JS, Chai YG, Jin YB, Lee SR, Kim DJ. Gene expression profiling in the hippocampus of adolescent rats after chronic alcohol administration. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 126:389-398. [PMID: 31628824 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In South Korea, the average age of onset of alcohol drinking is 13.3 years and half of adolescents drink alcohol more than once a month; 8.45% of the Korean adolescent population become future high-risk alcohol drinkers. Chronic alcohol abuse causes physical and psychiatric health problems such as alcohol addiction, liver disease, stroke and cognitive impairments. This study aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol on gene expression and their function in the hippocampus of adolescent rats. After chronic alcohol administration in male (control, n = 6; alcohol, n = 6) Sprague-Dawley rats for 6 weeks, we analysed up- or down-regulated genes using RNA-sequencing technology. We found 83 genes more than 1.5-fold up- or down-regulated in the alcohol-treated group. Among them, genes (Dnai1, Cfap206 and Dnah1) associated with cilium movement were up-regulated in the alcohol-treated group. Mlf1, related to cell cycle arrest, was also up-regulated in the alcohol-treated group. On the other hand, genes (Smad3 and Plk5) involved in negative regulation of cell proliferation were down-regulated in the hippocampus by chronic alcohol administration. In addition, expression levels of genes associated with oxidative stress (Krt8 and Car3) and migration (Vim) were changed by chronic alcohol administration. These results pave a path for a better understanding of the neuromolecular mechanisms mediated by chronic alcohol exposure in the hippocampus of adolescents and negative pathology due to chronic alcohol abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ran Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jasmin Sanghyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Gyu Chai
- Department of Molecular and Life Sciences, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
| | - Yeung-Bae Jin
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center (NPRC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Meng L, Zhou Y, Ju S, Han J, Song C, Kong J, Wu Y, Lu S, Xu J, Yuan W, Zhang E, Wang C, Hu Z, Gu Y, Luo R, Wang X. A cis-eQTL genetic variant in PLK4 confers high risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:6476-6484. [PMID: 31489978 PMCID: PMC6797585 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The overexpression and knockdown of PLK4 were both reported to generate aneuploidy. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether genetic variants in PLK4 contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods We evaluated associations of common variants in PLK4 and its promoter for the risk of HCC in our association study (1300 cases and 1344 controls). The genotype‐tissue expression (GTEx) and The cancer genome atlas (TCGA) databases were used to quantify the expression of PLK4. Cell proliferation and migration affected by PLK4 in HCC were assessed in vitro. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) model was used to assess the sensibility of PLK4‐activated HCC to CFI‐400945, a small molecule inhibitor of PLK4. Results Herein, we found a significant association between rs3811741, located in the PLK4 intron, and liver cancer risk (OR = 1.26, P = 9.81 × 10−5). Although PLK4 expressed at lower levels in somatic tissues compared to the testis, the risk allele A of rs3811741 was associated with increased PLK4 expression in liver cancer tissues. Additionally, PLK4 high expression was remarkably associated with shortened survival of HCC (HR = 1.97, P = .001). Furthermore, overexpression of PLK4 promoted, while knockdown of PLK4 suppressed cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. DST model demonstrated that CFI‐400945 can effectively suppress rampant proliferation of HCC with highly expressed PLK4. Conclusion Taken together, our study demonstrated that PLK4 is a susceptibility gene and plays an oncogenic role in HCC. Furthermore, we identified that PLK4 sensitives HCC to CFI‐400945, which may be an ideal therapy target for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Meng
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sihan Ju
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ci Song
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiani Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Erbao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yayun Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuehao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Liver Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lin SF, Lin JD, Yeh CN, Huang YT, Chou TC, Wong RJ. Targeting PLKs as a therapeutic approach to well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:727-738. [PMID: 31189135 PMCID: PMC7475022 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are pivotal regulators of cell proliferation and cell survival; therefore, PLKs may be potential targets in the treatment of malignancy. The therapeutic effects of volasertib, a PLKs inhibitor for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer (known as well-differentiated thyroid cancer (WDTC)), were evaluated in this study. Volasertib inhibited cell proliferation in two papillary and two follicular thyroid cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Volasertib treatment reduced cells in the S phase and increased cells in the G2/M phase. Volasertib activated caspase-3 activity and induced apoptosis. Drug combinations of volasertib and sorafenib showed mostly synergism in four well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma cell lines in vitro. Volasertib treatment in vivo retarded the growth of a papillary thyroid tumor model. Furthermore, the combination of volasertib with sorafenib was more effective than a single treatment of either in a follicular thyroid cancer xenograft model. Promising safety profiles appeared in animals treated with either volasertib alone or volasertib and sorafenib combination therapy. These findings support volasertib as a potential drug for the treatment of patients with WDTC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Der Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tung Huang
- Center for Big Data Analytics and Statistics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Chao Chou
- Laboratory of Preclinical Pharmacology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Current address: PD Science, Inc., 599 Mill Run, Paramus, NJ, USA
| | - Richard J. Wong
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abdullah M, Guruprasad L. Structural insights into the inhibitor binding and new inhibitor design to Polo-like kinase-1 Polo-box domain using computational studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 37:3410-3421. [PMID: 30146942 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1515663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Polo box domain (PBD) from Polo-Like Kinase-1 (PLK-1) a cell cycle regulator is one of the important non-kinase targets implicated in various cancers. The crystal structure of PLK-1 PBD bound to phosphopeptide inhibitor is available and acylthiourea derivatives have been reported as potent PBD inhibitors. In this work, structure and ligand-based pharmacophore methods have been used to identify new PBD inhibitors. The binding of acylthiourea analogs and new inhibitors to PBD were assessed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to understand their binding interactions, investigate the complex stability and reveal the molecular basis for inhibition. This study provides the binding free energies and residue-wise contributions to decipher the essential interactions in the protein-inhibitor complementarity for complex formation and the design of new PBD inhibitors with better binding. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maaged Abdullah
- a School of Chemistry , University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Stratmann JA, Sebastian M. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition in NSCLC: mechanism of action and emerging predictive biomarkers. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 10:67-80. [PMID: 31308774 PMCID: PMC6612950 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s177618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to often unspecific disease symptoms, locally advanced or metastatic disease is diagnosed in the majority of all cases. Palliative treatment options comprise of conventional cytotoxic agents, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and the use of specific small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, these TKIs are mainly restricted to a small proportion of patients with lung cancer that harbor activating driver mutations. Still, the effectiveness and favorable safety profile of these compounds have prompted a systematic search for specific driver mechanisms of tumorigenesis and moreover the development of corresponding kinase inhibitors. In recent years, the Polo-like kinase (PLK) family has emerged as a key regulator in mitotic regulation. Its role in cell proliferation and the frequently observed overexpression in various tumor entities have raised much interest in basic and clinical oncology aiming to attenuate tumor growth by targeting the PLK. In this review, we give a comprehensive summary on the (pre-) clinical development of the different types of PLK inhibitors in lung cancer and summarize their mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy data and give an overview on translational research aiming to identify predictive biomarkers for a rational use of PLK inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Stratmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shakil S, Baig MH, Tabrez S, Rizvi SMD, Zaidi SK, Ashraf GM, Ansari SA, Khan AAP, Al-Qahtani MH, Abuzenadah AM, Chaudhary AG. Molecular and enzoinformatics perspectives of targeting Polo-like kinase 1 in cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 56:47-55. [PMID: 29122685 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease that has been the focus of scientific research and discovery and continues to remain so. Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are basically serine/threonine kinase enzymes that control cell cycle from yeast to humans. PLK-1 stands for 'Polo-like kinase-1'. It is the most investigated protein among PLKs. It is crucial for intracellular processes, hence a 'hot' anticancer drug-target. Accelerating innovations in Enzoinformatics and associated molecular visualization tools have made it possible to literally perform a 'molecular level walk' traversing through and observing the minutest contours of the active site of relevant enzymes. PLK-1 as a protein consists of a kinase domain at the protein N-terminal and a Polo Box Domain (PBD) at the C-terminal connected by a short inter-domain linking region. PBD has two Polo-Boxes. PBD of PLK-1 gives the impression of "a small clamp sandwiched between two clips", where the two Polo Boxes are the 'clips' and the 'phosphopeptide' is the small 'clamp'. Broadly, two major sites of PLK-1 can be potential targets: one is the adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP)-binding site in the kinase domain and the other is PBD (more preferred due to specificity). Targeting PLK-1 RNA and the interaction of PLK-1 with a key binding partner can also be approached. However, the list of potent small molecule inhibitors targeting the PBD site of PLK-1 is still not long enough and needs due input from the scientific community. Recently, eminent scientists have proposed targeting the 'Y'-shaped pocket of PLK-1-PBD and encouraged design of ligands that should be able to concurrently bind to two or more modules of the 'Y' pocket. Hence, it is suggested that during molecular interaction analyses, particular focus should be kept on the moiety in each ligand/drug candidate which directly interacts with the amino acid residue(s) that belong(s) to one of the three binding modules which together create this Y-shaped cavity. This obviously includes (but it is not limited to) the 'shallow cleft'-forming residues i.e. Trp414, H538 and K540, as significance of these binding residues has been consistently highlighted by many studies. The present article attempts to give a concise yet critically updated overview of targeting PLK-1 for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shazi Shakil
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad H Baig
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed M Danish Rizvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed K Zaidi
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam M Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel A Ansari
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Aslam Parwaz Khan
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Al-Qahtani
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M Abuzenadah
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adeel G Chaudhary
- Center of Innovation in Personalized Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou W, Xu Y, Lv Q, Sheng YH, Chen L, Li M, Shen L, Huai C, Yi Z, Cui D, Qin S. Genetic Association of Olanzapine Treatment Response in Han Chinese Schizophrenia Patients. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:177. [PMID: 30886581 PMCID: PMC6409308 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Olanzapine, a second-generation antipsychotic medication, plays a critical role in current treatment of schizophrenia (SCZ). It has been observed that the olanzapine responses in schizophrenia treatment are different across individuals. However, prediction of this individual-specific olanzapine response requires in-depth knowledge of biomarkers of drug response. Here, we performed an integrative investigation on 238 Han Chinese SCZ patients to identify predictive biomarkers that were associated with the efficacy of olanzapine treatment. This study applied HaloPlex technology to sequence 143 genes from 79 Han Chinese SCZ patients. Our result suggested that there were 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had significant association with olanzapine response in Han Chinese SCZ patients. Using MassARRAY platform, we tested that if these 12 SNPs were also statistically significant in 159 other SCZ patients (independent cohort) and the combined 238 SCZ patients (composed of two tested cohorts). The result of this analysis showed that 2 SNPs were significantly associated with the olanzapine response in both independent cohorts (rs324026, P = 0.023; rs12610827, P = 0.043) and combined SCZ patient population (rs324026, adjust P = 0.014; rs12610827, adjust P = 0.012). Our study provides systematic analyses of genetic variants associated with olanzapine responses of Han Chinese SCZ patients. The discovery of these novel biomarkers of olanzapine-response will facilitate to advance future olanzapine treatment specific for Han Chinese SCZ patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinyu Lv
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Luan Chen
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Li
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shen
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Huai
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghui Yi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengying Qin
- Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Bio-X Institutes, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Goroshchuk O, Kolosenko I, Vidarsdottir L, Azimi A, Palm-Apergi C. Polo-like kinases and acute leukemia. Oncogene 2019; 38:1-16. [PMID: 30104712 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0443-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a common malignancy among children and adults worldwide and many patients suffer from chronic health issues using current therapeutic approaches. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of novel and more specific therapies with fewer side effects. The family of Polo-like kinases (Plks) is a group of five serine/threonine kinases that play an important role in cell cycle regulation and are critical targets for therapeutic invention. Plk1 and Plk4 are novel targets for cancer therapy as leukemic cells often express higher levels than normal cells. In contrast, Plk2 and Plk3 are considered to be tumor suppressors. Several small molecule inhibitors have been developed for targeting Plk1 inhibition. Despite reaching phase III clinical trials, one of the ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitor, volasertib, did not induce an objective clinical response and even caused lethal side effects in some patients. In order to improve the specificity of the Plk1 inhibitors and reduce off-target side effects, novel RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies have been developed. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of action of the Plk family members in acute leukemia, describe preclinical studies and clinical trials involving Plk-targeting drugs and discuss novel approaches in Plk targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Goroshchuk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iryna Kolosenko
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Linda Vidarsdottir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alireza Azimi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Palm-Apergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Colicino EG, Hehnly H. Regulating a key mitotic regulator, polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:481-494. [PMID: 30414309 PMCID: PMC7113694 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During cell division, duplicated genetic material is separated into two distinct daughter cells. This process is essential for initial tissue formation during development and to maintain tissue integrity throughout an organism's lifetime. To ensure the efficacy and efficiency of this process, the cell employs a variety of regulatory and signaling proteins that function as mitotic regulators and checkpoint proteins. One vital mitotic regulator is polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a highly conserved member of the polo-like kinase family. Unique from its paralogues, it functions specifically during mitosis as a regulator of cell division. PLK1 is spatially and temporally enriched at three distinct subcellular locales; the mitotic centrosomes, kinetochores, and the cytokinetic midbody. These localization patterns allow PLK1 to phosphorylate specific downstream targets to regulate mitosis. In this review, we will explore how polo-like kinases were originally discovered and diverged into the five paralogues (PLK1-5) in mammals. We will then focus specifically on the most conserved, PLK1, where we will discuss what is known about how its activity is modulated, its role during the cell cycle, and new, innovative tools that have been developed to examine its function and interactions in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erica G. Colicino
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUpstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew York
- Department of BiologySyracuse UniversitySyracuseNew York
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pearson RJ, Blake DG, Mezna M, Fischer PM, Westwood NJ, McInnes C. The Meisenheimer Complex as a Paradigm in Drug Discovery: Reversible Covalent Inhibition through C67 of the ATP Binding Site of PLK1. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1107-1116.e4. [PMID: 30017915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The polo kinase family are important oncology targets that act in regulating entry into and progression through mitosis. Structure-guided discovery of a new class of inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) catalytic activity that interact with Cys67 of the ATP binding site is described. Compounds containing the benzothiazole N-oxide scaffold not only bind covalently to this residue, but are reversible inhibitors through the formation of Meisenheimer complexes. This mechanism of kinase inhibition results in compounds that can target PLK1 with high selectivity, while avoiding issues with irreversible covalent binding and interaction with other thiol-containing molecules in the cell. Due to renewed interest in covalent drugs and the plethora of potential drug targets, these represent prototypes for the design of kinase inhibitory compounds that achieve high specificity through covalent interaction and yet still bind reversibly to the ATP cleft, a strategy that could be applied to avoid issues with conventional covalent binders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Pearson
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David G Blake
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK
| | - Mokdad Mezna
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Campbell McInnes
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK; Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Song R, Hou G, Yang J, Yuan J, Wang C, Chai T, Liu Z. Effects of PLK1 on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:5739-5744. [PMID: 30405751 PMCID: PMC6202541 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of polo-like kinase (PLK1) on proliferation, migration and invasion capacities of gastric cancer cells through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated. Small-interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) with targeted interference in PLK1 gene was designed and transfected into gastric cancer MGC-803 cells via Lipofectamine to inhibit the expression of PLK1 gene in MGC-803 cells. The proliferation of MGC-803 cells was detected via methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The mRNA and protein expression of PLK1 and EMT-related marker (E-cadherin) was detected via real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The effects of interference in PLK1 gene on migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells were studied via wound healing assay and Transwell chamber assay, respectively. Results of MTT assay showed that compared with that in control group, the cell proliferation in PLK1 siRNA group was significantly inhibited (p<0.01). Compared with those in control group, the mRNA and protein expression of PLK1 in PLK1 siRNA group was significantly decreased (p<0.01), but the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin was obviously upregulated (p<0.01). Results of wound healing assay and invasion assay showed that the capacity of migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells in PLK1 siRNA group was significantly inhibited compared with those in control group (p<0.01). In conclusion, PLK1 enhances the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells through affecting EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Song
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Ge Hou
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Jinjin Yuan
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chai
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| | - Zongwen Liu
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
de Cárcer G, Venkateswaran SV, Salgueiro L, El Bakkali A, Somogyi K, Rowald K, Montañés P, Sanclemente M, Escobar B, de Martino A, McGranahan N, Malumbres M, Sotillo R. Plk1 overexpression induces chromosomal instability and suppresses tumor development. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3012. [PMID: 30069007 PMCID: PMC6070485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) is overexpressed in a wide spectrum of human tumors, being frequently considered as an oncogene and an attractive cancer target. However, its contribution to tumor development is unclear. Using a new inducible knock-in mouse model we report here that Plk1 overexpression results in abnormal chromosome segregation and cytokinesis, generating polyploid cells with reduced proliferative potential. Mechanistically, these cytokinesis defects correlate with defective loading of Cep55 and ESCRT complexes to the abscission bridge, in a Plk1 kinase-dependent manner. In vivo, Plk1 overexpression prevents the development of Kras-induced and Her2-induced mammary gland tumors, in the presence of increased rates of chromosome instability. In patients, Plk1 overexpression correlates with improved survival in specific breast cancer subtypes. Therefore, despite the therapeutic benefits of inhibiting Plk1 due to its essential role in tumor cell cycles, Plk1 overexpression has tumor-suppressive properties by perturbing mitotic progression and cytokinesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sharavan Vishaan Venkateswaran
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lorena Salgueiro
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aicha El Bakkali
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kalman Somogyi
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Konstantina Rowald
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pablo Montañés
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Sanclemente
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba de Martino
- Histopathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, 72 Huntley Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Sotillo
- Division of Molecular Thoracic Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TRLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dufies M, Ambrosetti D, Boulakirba S, Calleja A, Savy C, Furstoss N, Zerhouni M, Parola J, Aira-Diaz L, Marchetti S, Orange F, Lacas-Gervais S, Luciano F, Jacquel A, Robert G, Pagès G, Auberger P. ATP-competitive Plk1 inhibitors induce caspase 3-mediated Plk1 cleavage and activation in hematopoietic cell lines. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29541386 PMCID: PMC5834281 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (Plks) define a highly conserved family of Ser/Thr kinases with crucial roles in the regulation of cell division. Here we show that Plk1 is cleaved by caspase 3, but not by other caspases in different hematopoietic cell lines treated with competitive inhibitors of the ATP-binding pocket of Plk1. Intriguingly, Plk1 was not cleaved in cells treated with Rigosertib, a non-competitive inhibitor of Plk1, suggesting that binding of the inhibitor to the ATP binding pocket of Plk1 triggers a conformational change and unmasks a cryptic caspase 3 cleavage site on the protein. Cleavage occurs after Asp-404 in a DYSD/K sequence and separates the kinase domain from the two PBDs of Plk1. All Plk1 inhibitors triggered G2/M arrest, activation of caspases 2 and 3, polyploidy, multiple nuclei and mitotic catastrophe, albeit at higher concentrations in the case of Rigosertib. Upon BI-2536 treatment, Plk1 cleavage occurred only in the cytosolic fraction and cleaved Plk1 accumulated in this subcellular compartment. Importantly, the cleaved N-Terminal fragment of Plk1 exhibited a higher enzymatic activity than its non-cleaved counterpart and accumulated into the cytoplasm conversely to the full length and the C-Terminal Plk1 fragments that were found essentially into the nucleus. Finally, the DYSD/K cleavage site was highly conserved during evolution from c. elegans to human. In conclusion, we described herein for the first time a specific cleavage of Plk1 by caspase 3 following treatment of cancer cells with ATP-competitive inhibitors of Plk1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maeva Dufies
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Université Côte d'Azur, CHU Nice, Department of Pathology, Nice, France
| | - Sonia Boulakirba
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Anne Calleja
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Coline Savy
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | | | | | - Julien Parola
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Frederic Luciano
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Robert
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR 7284, INSERM U 1081, Nice, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Université Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm U1065, Nice, France.,Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation ARC (2017-2020), Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ianov L, De Both M, Chawla MK, Rani A, Kennedy AJ, Piras I, Day JJ, Siniard A, Kumar A, Sweatt JD, Barnes CA, Huentelman MJ, Foster TC. Hippocampal Transcriptomic Profiles: Subfield Vulnerability to Age and Cognitive Impairment. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:383. [PMID: 29276487 PMCID: PMC5727020 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study employed next-generation RNA sequencing to examine gene expression differences related to brain aging, cognitive decline, and hippocampal subfields. Young and aged rats were trained on a spatial episodic memory task. Hippocampal regions CA1, CA3, and the dentate gyrus were isolated. Poly-A mRNA was examined using two different sequencing platforms, Illumina, and Ion Proton. The Illumina platform was used to generate seed lists of genes that were statistically differentially expressed across regions, ages, or in association with cognitive function. The gene lists were then retested using the data from the Ion Proton platform. The results indicate hippocampal subfield differences in gene expression and point to regional differences in vulnerability to aging. Aging was associated with increased expression of immune response-related genes, particularly in the dentate gyrus. For the memory task, impaired performance of aged animals was linked to the regulation of Ca2+ and synaptic function in region CA1. Finally, we provide a transcriptomic characterization of the three subfields regardless of age or cognitive status, highlighting and confirming a correspondence between cytoarchitectural boundaries and molecular profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ianov
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Civitan International Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Matt De Both
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Monica K Chawla
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Asha Rani
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew J Kennedy
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ignazio Piras
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Jeremy J Day
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ashley Siniard
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - J David Sweatt
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carol A Barnes
- Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Departments of Psychology, Neurology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Departments of Neuroscience and Genetics and Genomics Program, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Li Z, Hao P, Wu Q, Li F, Zhao J, Wu K, Qu C, Chen Y, Li M, Chen X, Stucky A, Zhong J, Li L, Zhong JF. Genetic mutations associated with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 7:16172-9. [PMID: 26908440 PMCID: PMC4941305 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of death among cancer patients, yet early detection and intervention of metastasis could significantly improve their clinical outcomes. We have sequenced and analyzed RNA (Expression) and DNA (Mutations) from the primary tumor (PT), tumor extension (TE) and lymphatic metastatic (LM) sites of patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) before treatment. Here, we report a three-nucleotide deletion near the C-region of Plk5 that is specifically associated with the lymphatic metastasis. This mutation is un-detectable in the PT, becomes detectable in the TE and dominates the LM tissue. So while only a few primary cancer cells carry this mutation, the majority of metastatic cells have this mutation. The increasing frequency of this mutation in metastatic tissue suggests that this Plk5 deletion could be used as an early indicator of CCRCC metastasis, and be identified by low cost PCR assay. A large scale clinical trial could reveal whether a simple PCR assay for this mutation at the time of nephrectomy could identify and stratify high-risk CCRCC patients for treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China.,Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ping Hao
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qingjian Wu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Fengjie Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Kaijin Wu
- Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cunye Qu
- Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yibu Chen
- Bioinformatics Service, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Bioinformatics Service, Norris Medical Library, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xuelian Chen
- Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Andres Stucky
- Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Jiang F Zhong
- Ostrow School of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Maniswami RR, Prashanth S, Karanth AV, Koushik S, Govindaraj H, Mullangi R, Rajagopal S, Jegatheesan SK. PLK4: a link between centriole biogenesis and cancer. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 22:59-73. [PMID: 29171762 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1410140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polo like kinase (PLK) is known to play a pivotal role in various cell cycle processes to perpetuate proper division and growth of the cells. Polo like kinase-4 (PLK4) is one such kinase that appears in low abundance and plays a well-characterized role in centriole duplication. PLK4 deregulation (i.e. both overexpression and depletion of PLK4), leads to altered mitotic fidelity and thereby triggers tumorigenesis. Hence, over the last few years PLK4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various advanced cancers. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the basic structure, expression, localization and functions of PLK4 along with its regulation by various proteins. We also discuss the role of altered PLK4 activity in the onset of cancer and the current pre-clinical and clinical inhibitors to regulate PLK4. Expert opinion: PLK4 mediated centriole duplication has a crucial role in maintaining mitotic correctness in normal cells, while its deregulation has a greater impact on genesis of cancer. Henceforth, a deep knowledge of the PLK4 levels, its role and interactions with various proteins in cancer is required to design effective inhibitors for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sindhu Koushik
- a Jubilant Biosys Ltd, Bioinformatics , Bangalore , India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Proteogenomic characterization and integrative analysis of glioblastoma multiforme. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97304-97312. [PMID: 29228611 PMCID: PMC5722563 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor, is characterized by very low life expectancy. Understanding the genomic and proteogenomic characteristics of GBM is essential for devising better therapeutic approaches.Here, we performed proteomic profiling of 8 GBM and paired normal brain tissues. In parallel, comprehensive integrative genomic analysis of GBM was performed in silico using mRNA microarray and sequencing data. Two whole transcript expression profiling cohorts were used - a set of 3 normal brain tissues and 22 glioma tissue samples and a cohort of 5 normal brain tissues and 49 glioma tissue samples. A validation cohort included 529 GBM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. We identified 36 molecules commonly changed at the level of the gene and protein, including up-regulated TGFBI and NES and down-regulated SNCA and HSPA12A. Single amino acid variant analysis identified 200 proteins with high mutation rates in GBM samples. We further identified 14 differentially expressed genes with high-level protein modification, among which NES and TNC showed differential expression at the protein level. Moreover, higher expression of NES and TNC mRNAs correlated with shorter overall survival, suggesting that these genes constitute potential biomarkers for GBM.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhao XZ, Hymel D, Burke TR. Enhancing polo-like kinase 1 selectivity of polo-box domain-binding peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5041-5049. [PMID: 28285924 PMCID: PMC5573662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An important goal in the development of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD) binding inhibitors is selectivity for Plk1 relative to Plk2 and Plk3. In our current work we show that Plk1 PBD selectivity can be significantly enhanced by modulating interactions within a previously discovered "cryptic pocket" and a more recently identified proximal "auxiliary pocket."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhi Zhao
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - David Hymel
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Terrence R Burke
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The cellular hypoxic response contributes to cell transformation and tumor progression. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor that mediates transcription of genes whose products are essential for cellular adaptation to hypoxia. The activity of HIF-1 is largely regulated by the abundance of its alpha subunit (HIF-1α), which is primarily regulated by an oxygen-dependent and ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation process. The HIF-1α protein level is also regulated by protein kinases through phosphorylation. Polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) is a serine/threonine protein kinase with a tumor suppressive function. Plk3 phosphorylates and destabilizes HIF-1α. Plk3 also phosphorylates and stabilizes PTEN, a known regulator of HIF-1α stability via the PI3K pathway. Our latest study showed that the Plk3 protein is suppressed by hypoxia or nickel treatment via the ubiquitin/proteasome system. We discovered that Seven in Absentia Homologue 2 (SIAH2) is the E3 ubiquitin ligase of Plk3 and that Plk3 in turn destabilizes SIAH2. Given the role of SIAH2 in promoting stability of HIF-1α, our work reveals a novel mutual regulatory mechanism between Plk3 and SIAH2, which may function to fine-tune the cellular hypoxic response. Here we discuss the role of Plk3 in the hypoxic response and tumorigenesis in light of these latest findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Xu
- a Department of Pathology , New York Medical College School of Medicine , Valhalla , NY , USA
| | - Wei Dai
- b Department of Environmental Medicine , New York University Langone Medical Center , Tuxedo , NY , USA
| | - Cen Li
- a Department of Pathology , New York Medical College School of Medicine , Valhalla , NY , USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
de Cárcer G, Wachowicz P, Martínez-Martínez S, Oller J, Méndez-Barbero N, Escobar B, González-Loyola A, Takaki T, El Bakkali A, Cámara JA, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Bustelo XR, Cañamero M, Mulero F, de Los Ángeles Sevilla M, Montero MJ, Redondo JM, Malumbres M. Plk1 regulates contraction of postmitotic smooth muscle cells and is required for vascular homeostasis. Nat Med 2017; 23:964-974. [PMID: 28692064 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), an essential regulator of cell division, is currently undergoing clinical evaluation as a target for cancer therapy. We report an unexpected function of Plk1 in sustaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Plk1 haploinsufficiency in mice did not induce obvious cell proliferation defects but did result in arterial structural alterations, which frequently led to aortic rupture and death. Specific ablation of Plk1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) led to reduced arterial elasticity, hypotension, and an impaired arterial response to angiotensin II in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Plk1 regulated angiotensin II-dependent activation of RhoA and actomyosin dynamics in VSMCs in a mitosis-independent manner. This regulation depended on Plk1 kinase activity, and the administration of small-molecule Plk1 inhibitors to angiotensin II-treated mice led to reduced arterial fitness and an elevated risk of aneurysm and aortic rupture. We thus conclude that a partial reduction of Plk1 activity that does not block cell division can nevertheless impair aortic homeostasis. Our findings have potentially important implications for current approaches aimed at PLK1 inhibition for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo de Cárcer
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paulina Wachowicz
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Oller
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Escobar
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tohru Takaki
- Clare Hall Laboratories, London Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Aicha El Bakkali
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan A Cámara
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Advanced Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), and Cardiac Imaging Department, Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer de Salamanca, University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Cañamero
- Comparative Pathology Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisca Mulero
- Molecular Imaging Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - María de Los Ángeles Sevilla
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jose Montero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodelling and Inflammation Group, Spanish National Cardiovascular Centre (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en RED (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pezuk JA, Brassesco MS, de Oliveira RS, Machado HR, Neder L, Scrideli CA, Tone LG. PLK1-associated microRNAs are correlated with pediatric medulloblastoma prognosis. Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:609-615. [PMID: 28283778 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-017-3366-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS) in children. Despite its relative good survival rates, treatment can cause long time sequels and may impair patients' lifespan and quality, making the search for new treatment options still necessary. Polo like kinases (PLKs) constitute a five-member serine/threonine kinases family (PLK 1-5) that regulates different stages during cell cycle. Abnormal PLKs expression has been observed in several cancer types, including MB. As gene regulators, miRNAs have also been described with variable expression in cancer. METHODS We evaluated gene expression profiles of all PLK family members and related miRNAs (miR-100, miR-126, miR-219, and miR-593*) in MB cell lines and tumor samples. RESULTS RT-qPCR analysis revealed increased levels of PLK1-4 in all cell lines and in most MB samples, while PLK5 was found underexpressed. In parallel, miR-100 was also found upregulated while miR-129, miR-216, and miR-593* were decreased in MB cell lines. Variable miRNAs expression patterns were observed in MB samples. However, a correlation between miR-100 and PLK4 expression was observed, and associations between miR-100, miR-126, and miR-219 expression and overall and event free survival were also evinced in our cohort. Moreover, despite the lack of association with clinico-pathological features, when comparing primary tumors to those relapsed, we found a consistent decrease on PLK2, miR-219, and miR-598* and an increase on miR-100 and miR-126. CONCLUSION Specific dysregulation on PLKs and associated miRNAs may be important in MB and can be used to predict prognosis. Although miRNAs sequences are fundamental to predict its target, the cell type may also be consider once that mRNA repertoire can define different roles for specific miRNA in a given cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Alejandra Pezuk
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Molecular Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - María Sol Brassesco
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciano Neder
- Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Scrideli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Tone
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|