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Malecka-Baturo K, Żółtowska P, Jackowska A, Kurzątkowska-Adaszyńska K, Grabowska I. Electrochemical Aptasensing Platform for the Detection of Retinol Binding Protein-4. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:101. [PMID: 38392020 PMCID: PMC10887324 DOI: 10.3390/bios14020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present the results of our the electrochemical aptasensing strategy for retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) detection based on a thiolated aptamer against RBP-4 and 6-mercaptohexanol (MCH) directly immobilized on a gold electrode surface. The most important parameters affecting the magnitude of the analytical signal generated were optimized: (i) the presence of magnesium ions in the immobilization and measurement buffer, (ii) the concentration of aptamer in the immobilization solution and (iii) its folding procedure. In this work, a systematic assessment of the electrochemical parameters related to the optimization of the sensing layer of the aptasensor was carried out (electron transfer coefficients (α), electron transfer rate constants (k0) and surface coverage of the thiolated aptamer probe (ΓApt)). Then, under the optimized conditions, the analytical response towards RBP-4 protein, in the presence of an Fe(CN)63-/4- redox couple in the supporting solution was assessed. The proposed electrochemical strategy allowed for RBP-4 detection in the concentration range between 100 and 1000 ng/mL with a limit of detection equal to 44 ng/mL based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specificity studies against other diabetes biomarkers, including vaspin and adiponectin, proved the selectivity of the proposed platform. These preliminary results will be used in the next step to miniaturize and test the sensor in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Malecka-Baturo
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.M.-B.); (K.K.-A.)
| | - Paulina Żółtowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Łódzki 4, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland; (P.Ż.); (A.J.)
| | - Agnieszka Jackowska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Łódzki 4, 10-721 Olsztyn, Poland; (P.Ż.); (A.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Kurzątkowska-Adaszyńska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.M.-B.); (K.K.-A.)
| | - Iwona Grabowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.M.-B.); (K.K.-A.)
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Zhang Y, Song X, Qi T, Zhou X. Review of lipocalin-2-mediated effects in diabetic retinopathy. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:78. [PMID: 38351392 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have uncovered LCN2 as a marker of inflammation strongly related to obesity, insulin resistance, and abnormal glucose metabolism in humans, and is involved in vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases, and neurological diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that elevated levels of LCN2 have a strong association with diabetic retinopathy (DR), but the pathogenesis is unknown. Here, we reviewed the relevant literature and compiled the pathogenesis associated with LCN2-induced DR. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases using "lipocalin-2, diabetic retinopathy, retinal degeneration, diabetic microangiopathies, diabetic neuropathy and inflammation" as subject terms. RESULTS In diabetic retinal neuropathy, LCN2 causes impaired retinal photoreceptor function and retinal neurons; in retinal microangiopathy, LCN2 induces apoptosis of retinal vascular endothelial cells and promotes angiogenesis; in retinal inflammation, increased secretion of LCN2 recruits inflammatory cells and induces pro-inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, LCN2 has the potential as a biomarker for DR. Recent studies have shown that retinal damage can be attenuated by silencing LCN2, which may be associated with the inhibition of caspase-1-mediated pyroptosis, and LCN2 may be a new target for the treatment of DR. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, LCN2, involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy, is a key factor in diabetic retinal microangiopathy, neurodegeneration, and retinal inflammation. LCN2 is likely to be a novel molecular target leading to DR, and a more in-depth study of the pathogenesis of DR caused by LCN2 may provide considerable benefits for clinical research and potential drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianying Qi
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Rychter AM, Skrzypczak-Zielińska M, Naskręt D, Michalak M, Zawada A, Walczak M, Słomski R, Dobrowolska A, Krela-Kaźmierczak I. Are variants of the RBP4 gene associated with serum retinol-binding protein 4 concentrations and carotid intima-media thickness values in women with obesity? Gene 2024; 893:147909. [PMID: 37858746 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies showed the correlation of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with increased cardiovascular risk - including higher values of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) - particularly in individuals with obesity. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the impact of rs10882273; rs3758538; rs3758539, and rs7094671 RBP4 gene variants on RBP4 serum concentrations as well as cIMT values (a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis) among female patients with obesity. PATIENTS AND METHODS We recruited 74 women with obesity and 24 women without obesity as a study and control group, respectively. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of RBP4 gene variants were evaluated for associations with serum RBP4 and cIMT. RESULTS The median serum RBP4 concentrations were 20.30 µg/mL and 19.80 µg/mL in the patients and control group, respectively (p = 0.740). No significant differences were seen in cIMT values between the two studied groups (0.60 [0.50-1.00] vs. 0.60 ± 0.10 in the patient and control group, respectively); however, the results were close to reaching significance (p = 0.071), similar as in observed association of the minor haplotype AA for rs7084671 and rs375839 with female obesity (p = 0.0559). The correlation analysis showed no significant differences between RBP4 gene variants with serum RBP4 and cIMT. CONCLUSIONS According to our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the association between RBP4 gene variants and serum RBP4 and cIMT among Polish female patients with obesity. However, our results show that genetic variants rs10882273, rs3758538, rs3758539, and rs7094671 of the RBP4 gene are not associated with RBP4 serum concentrations or cIMT values among women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Rychter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland.
| | | | - Dariusz Naskręt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-834 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Michalak
- Department of Computer Sciences and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zawada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michał Walczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
| | - Iwona Krela-Kaźmierczak
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Przybyszewskiego 49, 60-355 Poznan, Poland
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Pazos-Pérez A, Piñeiro-Ramil M, Franco-Trepat E, Alonso-Pérez A, Guillán-Fresco M, Crespo-Golmar A, López-Fagúndez M, Aranda JC, Bravo SB, Jorge-Mora A, Gómez R. The Hepatokine RBP4 Links Metabolic Diseases to Articular Inflammation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:124. [PMID: 38275649 PMCID: PMC10812991 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigates the role of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in an articular context. RBP4, a vitamin A transporter, is linked to various metabolic diseases. METHODS Synovial fluid RBP4 levels were assessed in crystalline arthritis (CA) patients using ELISA. RBP4's impact on articular cell types was analysed in vitro through RT-PCR and flow cytometry. Proteomic analysis was conducted on primary human osteoarthritis chondrocytes (hOACs). RESULTS Synovial fluid RBP4 concentrations in CA patients correlated positively with glucose levels and negatively with synovial leukocyte count and were elevated in hypertensive patients. In vitro, these RBP4 concentrations activated neutrophils, induced the expression of inflammatory factors in hOACs as well as synoviocytes, and triggered proteomic changes consistent with inflammation. Moreover, they increased catabolism and decreased anabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glycolysis promotion. Both in silico and in vitro experiments suggested that RBP4 acts through TLR4. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies relevant RBP4 concentrations in CA patients' synovial fluids, linking them to hypertensive patients with a metabolic disruption. Evidence is provided that RBP4 acts as a DAMP at these concentrations, inducing robust inflammatory, catabolic, chemotactic, and metabolic responses in chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and neutrophils. These effects may explain RBP4-related metabolic diseases' contribution to joint destruction in various rheumatic conditions like CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Pazos-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - María Piñeiro-Ramil
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - Eloi Franco-Trepat
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - Ana Alonso-Pérez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - María Guillán-Fresco
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - Antía Crespo-Golmar
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - Miriam López-Fagúndez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - Javier Conde Aranda
- Molecular and Cellular Gastroenterology, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Susana Belen Bravo
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - Alberto Jorge-Mora
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
| | - Rodolfo Gómez
- Musculoskeletal Pathology Group, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago University Clinical Hospital, SERGAS, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (A.P.-P.); (M.P.-R.); (E.F.-T.); (A.A.-P.); (M.G.-F.); (A.C.-G.); (M.L.-F.); (S.B.B.); (A.J.-M.)
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Li Y, Yu J, Chen Z, Niu Y, Ran S, Wang S, Ye W, Luo Z, Li X, Hao Y, Zong J, Xia C, Xia J, Wu J. Interorgan communication with the liver: novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1314123. [PMID: 38155961 PMCID: PMC10754533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1314123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a multifunctional organ that plays crucial roles in numerous physiological processes, such as production of bile and proteins for blood plasma, regulation of blood levels of amino acids, processing of hemoglobin, clearance of metabolic waste, maintenance of glucose, etc. Therefore, the liver is essential for the homeostasis of organisms. With the development of research on the liver, there is growing concern about its effect on immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity. For example, the liver regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of immune cells through various secreted proteins (also known as "hepatokines"). As a result, the liver is identified as an important regulator of the immune system. Furthermore, many diseases resulting from immune disorders are thought to be related to the dysfunction of the liver, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and heart failure. Thus, the liver plays a role in remote immune regulation and is intricately linked with systemic immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the liver remote regulation of the body's innate and adaptive immunity regarding to main areas: immune-related molecules secreted by the liver and the liver-resident cells. Additionally, we assessed the influence of the liver on various facets of systemic immune-related diseases, offering insights into the clinical application of target therapies for liver immune regulation, as well as future developmental trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuan Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanglin Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengkun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Van Nynatten LR, Miller MR, Patel MA, Daley M, Filler G, Badrnya S, Miholits M, Webb B, McIntyre CW, Fraser DD. A novel multiplex biomarker panel for profiling human acute and chronic kidney disease. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21210. [PMID: 38040779 PMCID: PMC10692319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47418-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic kidney disease continues to confer significant morbidity and mortality in the clinical setting. Despite high prevalence of these conditions, few validated biomarkers exist to predict kidney dysfunction. In this study, we utilized a novel kidney multiplex panel to measure 21 proteins in plasma and urine to characterize the spectrum of biomarker profiles in kidney disease. Blood and urine samples were obtained from age-/sex-matched healthy control subjects (HC), critically-ill COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), and patients with chronic or end-stage kidney disease (CKD/ESKD). Biomarkers were measured with a kidney multiplex panel, and results analyzed with conventional statistics and machine learning. Correlations were examined between biomarkers and patient clinical and laboratory variables. Median AKI subject age was 65.5 (IQR 58.5-73.0) and median CKD/ESKD age was 65.0 (IQR 50.0-71.5). Of the CKD/ESKD patients, 76.1% were on hemodialysis, 14.3% of patients had kidney transplant, and 9.5% had CKD without kidney replacement therapy. In plasma, 19 proteins were significantly different in titer between the HC versus AKI versus CKD/ESKD groups, while NAG and RBP4 were unchanged. TIMP-1 (PPV 1.0, NPV 1.0), best distinguished AKI from HC, and TFF3 (PPV 0.99, NPV 0.89) best distinguished CKD/ESKD from HC. In urine, 18 proteins were significantly different between groups except Calbindin, Osteopontin and TIMP-1. Osteoactivin (PPV 0.95, NPV 0.95) best distinguished AKI from HC, and β2-microglobulin (PPV 0.96, NPV 0.78) best distinguished CKD/ESKD from HC. A variety of correlations were noted between patient variables and either plasma or urine biomarkers. Using a novel kidney multiplex biomarker panel, together with conventional statistics and machine learning, we identified unique biomarker profiles in the plasma and urine of patients with AKI and CKD/ESKD. We demonstrated correlations between biomarker profiles and patient clinical variables. Our exploratory study provides biomarker data for future hypothesis driven research on kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maitray A Patel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Mark Daley
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
- The Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Guido Filler
- Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Brian Webb
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Christopher W McIntyre
- Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
- Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- London Health Sciences Centre, Room C2-C82, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6A 5W9, Canada.
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Saucedo L, Pfister IB, Schild C, Garweg JG. Association of inflammation-related markers and diabetic retinopathy severity in the aqueous humor, but not serum of type 2 diabetic patients. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293139. [PMID: 37883447 PMCID: PMC10602301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a frequent microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and inflammatory pathways have been linked to its pathogenesis. In this retrospective, observational pilot study, we aimed to compare the concentrations of four inflammation-related proteins, ZAG, Reg-3a, elafin and RBP-4, in the serum and aqueous humor of healthy controls and diabetic patients with different stages of DR. The concentrations of VEGF-A, IL-8, IL-6 were determined in parallel as internal controls. In the serum, we did not find significant differences in the concentrations of target proteins. In the aqueous humor, higher levels of ZAG, RBP-4, Reg-3a and elafin were observed in advanced nonproliferative DR (NPDR)/ proliferative DR (PDR) compared to controls. The levels of ZAG and RBP-4 were also higher in advanced NPDR/PDR than in nonapparent DR. Normalization of target protein concentrations to the aqueous humor total protein demonstrates that a spill-over from serum due to breakage of the blood-retina barrier only partially accounts for increased inflammation related markers in later stages. In conclusion, we found elevated levels of Reg-3a, RBP-4, elafin and ZAG in advanced stages of diabetic retinopathy. Higher levels of pro-inflammatory proteins, Reg-3a and RBP-4, might contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, as the parallel increased concentrations of anti-inflammatory molecules elafin and ZAG might indicate a compensatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Saucedo
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Isabel B. Pfister
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christin Schild
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Justus G. Garweg
- Swiss Eye Institute, Rotkreuz, and Berner Augenklinik, Bern, Switzerland
- Department Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Novaes JFD, Filgueiras MDS, Suhett LG, Silva MA, Albuquerque FMD, Fonseca RMS, Peluzio MDCG. Higher serum uric acid is associated with body fat, retinol-binding protein 4, and antioxidative status in Brazilian children. Nutrition 2023; 113:112079. [PMID: 37354651 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of serum uric acid (SUA) with adiposity, adipokines, and anti- and oxidative markers in Brazilian children. METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigation with 378 children ages 8 to 9 y in Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Information on sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics was obtained via questionnaires, and body fat was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. We compared the distributions of adiposity (total and central), adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, and retinol-binding protein 4 [RBP4]), anti- and oxidative markers (plasma ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) by SUA categories using linear regression. RESULTS SUA was positively associated with total and central fat. Every standard deviation (SD) of SUA was related, respectively, to a 3.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-4.4), 4 (95% CI, 2.8-5.1), 4.2 (95% CI, 2.9-5.5), and 3.5 (95% CI, 2.4-4.6) units higher of total, truncal, android, and gynoid fat. We found a positive association of SUA with RBP4 and FRAP, and a negative association with MDA. Every SD of SUA was related, respectively, to 0.1 (95% CI, 0.01-0.1) and 7.8 (95% CI, 5.5-10.1) units higher of RBP4 and FRAP; and to -0.3 (95% CI, -0.5 to -0.1) units lower of MDA. CONCLUSIONS SUA was positively associated with adiposity, RBP4, and antioxidative status in Brazilian children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lara Gomes Suhett
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Ali MJ. Etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO). Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101193. [PMID: 37394093 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, or PANDO, is a common adult lacrimal drainage disorder. The current treatment modality of dacryocystorhinostomy to bypass the obstructed nasolacrimal duct has excellent outcomes. However, the understanding of the disease etiopathogenesis needs to be revisited. There are not many studies that specifically assessed any hypothesis or ones that convincingly put forth the presumed or confirmed interpretations regarding the PANDO pathogenesis or the mechanisms or pathways involved therein. Histopathological evidence points to recurrent inflammation of the nasolacrimal duct, subsequent fibrosis, and the resultant obstruction. The disease etiopathogenesis is considered multifactorial. Several implicated suspects include anatomical narrowing of the bony nasolacrimal duct, vascular factors, local hormonal imbalance, microbial influence, nasal abnormalities, autonomic dysregulation, surfactants, lysosomal dysfunction, gastroesophageal reflux, tear proteins, and deranged local host defenses. The present work reviewed the literature on the etiopathogenesis of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) to gain insights into the present state of the understanding and the high-value translational implications of precisely decoding the disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javed Ali
- Govindram Seksaria Institute of Dacryology, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India.
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10
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Liu C, Gu J, Yao Y. Longitudinal Change of Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and its Relation to Neurological-Function Recovery, Relapse, and Death in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 260:293-300. [PMID: 37100600 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) promotes dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, and atherosclerosis, etc. which may participate in the progression of acute ischemia stroke (AIS). This study aimed to evaluate the longitudinal change of RBP4 after disease onset and its correlation with prognosis in AIS patients. Plasma RBP4 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 402 AIS patients at admission, one day (D1), 3 days (D3), 7 days (D7), and 30 days (D30) after admission; and in 100 healthy controls after enrollment. The neurological-function recovery was evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months (M3); disease relapse and death were also recorded during a median 20-month follow-up in AIS patients. Our study revealed that RBP4 was elevated in AIS patients compared with healthy controls. RBP4 was related to a history of diabetes mellitus, a history of cardiovascular disease, and elevated National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score in AIS patients. Longitudinally, RBP4 was increased from admission to D1/D3, then reduced gradually to D30 in AIS patients. Notably, RBP4 at admission and D1 was elevated in AIS patients with mRS > 2 compared to those with mRS ≤ 2. Meanwhile, RBP4 at admission, D1, D3, D7, and D30 were all higher in AIS patients occurred relapse than those without; RBP4 at D3, D7, and D30 were also higher in AIS patients who died later than those who survived. In conclusion, plasma RBP4 originally elevates and continuously decreases during disease, which forecasts neurological-function recovery status, relapse, and death risk of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Liu
- Department of CT Diagnosis, Cangzhou Central Hospital
| | - Juxian Gu
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital
| | - Yan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital
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11
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Wang B, Du M. Increasing adipocyte number and reducing adipocyte size: the role of retinoids in adipose tissue development and metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37427553 PMCID: PMC10776826 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of obesity is a grave public health threat. In response to excessive energy intake, adipocyte hypertrophy impairs cellular function and leads to metabolic dysfunctions while de novo adipogenesis leads to healthy adipose tissue expansion. Through burning fatty acids and glucose, the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes can effectively reduce the size of adipocytes. Recent studies show that retinoids, especially retinoic acid (RA), promote adipose vascular development which in turn increases the number of adipose progenitors surrounding the vascular vessels. RA also promotes preadipocyte commitment. In addition, RA promotes white adipocyte browning and stimulates the thermogenic activity of brown/beige adipocytes. Thus, vitamin A is a promising anti-obesity micronutrient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Min Du
- Laboratory of Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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12
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Shao L, Paik N, Sanborn M, Bandara T, Vijaykumar A, Sottoriva K, Rehman J, Nombela-Arrieta C, Pajcini K. Hematopoietic Jagged1 is a fetal liver niche factor required for functional maturation and engraftment of fetal hematopoietic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2210058120. [PMID: 37155858 PMCID: PMC10193977 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210058120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is essential for the emergence of definitive hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the embryo and their development in the fetal liver niche. However, how Notch signaling is activated and which fetal liver cell type provides the ligand for receptor activation in HSCs is unknown. Here we provide evidence that endothelial Jagged1 (Jag1) has a critical early role in fetal liver vascular development but is not required for hematopoietic function during fetal HSC expansion. We demonstrate that Jag1 is expressed in many hematopoietic cells in the fetal liver, including HSCs, and that its expression is lost in adult bone marrow HSCs. Deletion of hematopoietic Jag1 does not affect fetal liver development; however, Jag1-deficient fetal liver HSCs exhibit a significant transplantation defect. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic analysis of HSCs during peak expansion in the fetal liver indicates that loss of hematopoietic Jag1 leads to the downregulation of critical hematopoietic factors such as GATA2, Mllt3, and HoxA7, but does not perturb Notch receptor expression. Ex vivo activation of Notch signaling in Jag1-deficient fetal HSCs partially rescues the functional defect in a transplant setting. These findings indicate a new fetal-specific niche that is based on juxtracrine hematopoietic Notch signaling and reveal Jag1 as a fetal-specific niche factor essential for HSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijian Shao
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Na Yoon Paik
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Mark A. Sanborn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Thilinie Bandara
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Anjali Vijaykumar
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kilian Sottoriva
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60612
| | - Cesar Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kostandin V. Pajcini
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL60612
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Krajewski PK, Matusiak Ł, Szepietowski JC. Adipokines as an important link between hidradenitis suppurativa and obesity: a narrative review. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:320-327. [PMID: 36641766 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Although its pathophysiology is not fully explained, inflammation seems to play an essential role in the development of HS. A link between obesity - often considered a state of chronic inflammation - and a higher prevalence of HS has been described. Nevertheless, the exact association is not well understood. Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that produces and secretes a variety of metabolically and immunologically active molecules called adipokines. The imbalances in concentrations of several adipokines in patients with HS have already been described. A shift towards the overproduction of proinflammatory adipokines (including leptin, resistin and visfatin) with the suppression of anti-inflammatory ones (adiponectin) has been noted. We conducted a review of the available data on adipokines in HS, concentrating on the described imbalances in adipokine concentrations, as well as possible implications in HS pathogenesis. Moreover, new, unstudied adipokines with possible implications in the development of HS are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Krajewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Xu Z, Bai S, Wu H, Fang M. Elevated retinal retinol-binding protein 4 levels in diabetic mice can induce retinal neurodegeneration through microglia. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:223-231. [PMID: 36354743 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the sole specific transport protein for vitamin A (retinol), but it is also an adipokine with retinol-independent, proinflammatory activity associated with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Most previous studies focused on the relationship between elevated serum RBP4 levels and DR. Since serum RBP4 cannot cross the blood-retinal barrier, the level of retinal RBP4 is independent of serum RBP4, and the change of retinal RBP4 and its potential pathogenic mechanism in DR has not been studied. We showed that the retinal RBP4 levels were raised in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice though the serum RBP4 levels were decreased. Intravitreal injection of RBP4 protein in mice results in activation of microglia, loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and bipolar cells. Minocycline (MC) can reverse the activation of microglia induced by RBP4, protecting RGCs and bipolar cells. These findings suggest that retinal RBP4 levels were raised in diabetic mice, and RBP4 can directly induce retinal neurodegeneration in mice through microglia. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We revealed that the retinal RBP4 levels were raised in diabetes and elevated retinal RBP4 can induce retinal neurodegeneration through microglia. Inhibition of neuroinflammation or reduction of retinal RBP4 level may be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic retinal neurodegeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Shi Bai
- School of Medicine, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taizhou Municipal Hospital Affiliated with Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Marong Fang
- Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Systemic Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Xu H, Ding Z, Chen J, Zhang Y, Shan W, Chen X, Liu X, Gao Y, Han G. Correlation between serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) levels and coronary artery stenosis. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:168-176. [PMID: 36411225 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To study the correlation between the level of serum Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) and the degree of coronary artery stenosis in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease. METHODS AND RESULTS In 2018, general data and biochemical indexes of 311 patients who underwent coronary angiography were recorded. Before procedure, arterial blood was drawn and the concentrations of DKK1, retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) were measured. Based on coronary angiography results, subjects were divided into a coronary heart disease (CHD) group; and a non-coronary heart disease (non-CHD)group. The CHD group was divided into three subgroups: the low Gensini score; the middle Gensini score; and the high Gensini score subgroups. Compared with those of the non-CHD group, DKK1, RBP4 and PAI-1 of the CHD group were significantly higher, while the OC was lower. DKK1,RBP4 and PAI-1 levels of the middle and high Gensini subgroups were significantly higher, compared with that of the low Gensini subgroup. Differences between osteocalcin (OC), beta-isomerized C-terminal telopeptidase (β-CTX), and 25(OH)2D3 of the three subgroups were not significant. Correlation between DKK1 and the inflammatory factors, RBP4 and PAI-1, was positive. Correlation between DKK1 and β - CTX, 25(OH)2D3 and OC was not significant. DKK1 was a risk factor for CHD. The degree of coronary artery stenosis was related to DKK1 concentration. CONCLUSIONS Serum DKK1 levels in coronary heart disease patients were significantly higher, and positively correlated with the degree of coronary artery stenosis. DKK1 level is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiu Xu
- Development of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China; The First Hospital of Qinghuangdao, PR China
| | - Zhenjiang Ding
- Development of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Jiaoyue Chen
- Development of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Development of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Weichao Shan
- Development of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Development of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Development of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Yu Gao
- Development of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China
| | - Guiyan Han
- Development of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, PR China.
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16
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Regulatory Networks, Management Approaches, and Emerging Treatments of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:6799414. [PMID: 36397950 PMCID: PMC9666027 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6799414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, involving multiple signaling pathways and cytokines from various organs. Hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines secreted by hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, adipose tissue, and myocytes play an important role in the occurrence and development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) contributes to the progression of NAFLD by mediating liver inflammation, immune response, hepatocyte death, and later compensatory proliferation. In this review, we first discuss the crosstalk and interaction between hepatokines, stellakines, adipokines, and myokines and NF-κB in NAFLD. The characterization of the crosstalk of NF-κB with these factors will provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of NAFLD. In addition, we examine new expert management opinions for NAFLD and explore the therapeutic potential of silymarin in NAFLD/NASH.
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17
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Dai D, Cheng Z, Feng S, Zhu Z, Yu J, Zhang W, Lu H, Zhang R, Zhu J. Quantitative Data-Independent Acquisition Mass Spectrometry Proteomics and Weighted Correlation Network Analysis of Plasma Samples for the Discovery of Chronic Kidney Disease-Specific Atherosclerosis Risk Factors. DNA Cell Biol 2022; 41:966-980. [PMID: 36255451 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates atherosclerosis. The mechanism of CKD-related atherosclerosis is complex, and CKD-specific risk factors may contribute to this process in addition to traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. In the present study, to discover CKD-specific atherosclerosis risk factors, a total of 62 patients with different stages of kidney function were enrolled. All patients underwent coronary angiographies and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis was defined by the SYNTAX score. Patients were divided into different groups according to their kidney function levels and coronary atherosclerosis severity. Data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the plasma samples, and weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify significant protein modules and hub proteins related to CKD-specific atherosclerosis. The results showed that 10 DEPs associated with atherosclerosis were found in the comparative groups with modest and severe CKD. Through WGCNA, 1768 proteins were identified and 8 protein modules were established. Enrichment analyses of protein modules revealed functional clusters mainly associated with inflammation and the complement and coagulation cascade as atherosclerosis developed under CKD conditions. The results may help to better understand the mechanisms of CKD-related atherosclerosis and guide future research on developing treatments for CKD-related atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daopeng Dai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Cheng
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuo Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengbin Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwei Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Lu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, SJTU-Yale Joint Center for Biostatistics and Data Science, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruiyan Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang Q, Tian S, Xiao D, Zhao R, Zhang X, Dou Z, Li C, Ma Z. Correlation of serum RBP4 level with oxidative stress and unstable carotid plaque in patients with cerebral infarction. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:354-360. [PMID: 36304097 PMCID: PMC9552776 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to investigate the changes in serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) with cerebral infarction, relationship of RBP4 with oxidative stress and carotid atherosclerosis, and its possible role in cerebral infarction. Materials and methods According to the results of cervical vascular ultrasound, the experimental group was divided into three groups: intima thickening group (n = 31), stable plaque group (n = 51), and unstable plaque group (n = 54). Forty healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Their serum levels of RBP4, 8-iso-prostaglandin-F2alpha (8-iso-PGF2α), and catalase (CAT) were measured. Carotid vascular ultrasound was used to measure the plaque area and intima-media thickness (IMT). Results The serum RBP4 and 8-iso-PGF2α levels, IMT and plaque area in the control, intimal thickening, stable plaque, and unstable plaque groups increased, while the serum level of CAT decreased (P < 0.001). The serum levels of RBP4 positively correlated with 8-iso-PGF2α, IMT, and plaque area and negatively correlated with CAT level. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.778 in predicting unstable plaques. Conclusions The serum levels of RBP4 were significantly elevated in elderly patients with cerebral infarction and correlated with oxidative stress injury and the degree of atherosclerosis. Serum RBP4 has diagnostic value for unstable plaques in carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Sha Tian
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Dahai Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Ruotong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zhijie Dou
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Chengbo Li
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Department of Neurology, Chengde Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hebei, China
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Yang B, Lu L, Zhou D, Fan W, Barbier-Torres L, Steggerda J, Yang H, Yang X. Regulatory network and interplay of hepatokines, stellakines, myokines and adipokines in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1007944. [PMID: 36267567 PMCID: PMC9578007 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1007944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty liver disease is a spectrum of liver pathologies ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and culminating with the development of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The pathogenesis of NAFLD is complex and diverse, and there is a lack of effective treatment measures. In this review, we address hepatokines identified in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH, including the signaling of FXR/RXR, PPARα/RXRα, adipogenesis, hepatic stellate cell activation/liver fibrosis, AMPK/NF-κB, and type 2 diabetes. We also highlight the interaction between hepatokines, and cytokines or peptides secreted from muscle (myokines), adipose tissue (adipokines), and hepatic stellate cells (stellakines) in response to certain nutritional and physical activity. Cytokines exert autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. Characterizing signaling pathways and crosstalk amongst muscle, adipose tissue, hepatic stellate cells and other liver cells will enhance our understanding of interorgan communication and potentially serve to accelerate the development of treatments for NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Liqing Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dongmei Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucía Barbier-Torres
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Justin Steggerda
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Heping Yang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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20
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The impact of vitamin A supplementation on thyroid function and insulin sensitivity: implication of deiodinases and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in male Wistar rats. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:4091-4105. [PMID: 35804266 PMCID: PMC9596568 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02945-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Vitamin A is an essential nutrient with vital biological functions. The present study investigated the effect of different doses of vitamin A palmitate at different time intervals on thyroid hormones and glycemic markers. Methods Male rats were administrated vitamin A palmitate at different doses (0, 0.7, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 mg/kg, oral) and samples were collected at different time intervals of 2, 4, and 6 weeks. The levels of vitamin A, thyroid hormones (T3, T4, and TSH), deiodinases (Dio1 and Dio3), glycemic markers (blood insulin and fasting glucose levels, HOMA IR and HOMA β), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and the gluconeogenic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) were measured. Results The findings demonstrated that long-term supplementation with high doses of vitamin A palmitate resulted in hypothyroidism (lower T3 and T4 levels and elevated TSH levels) as well as upregulation of Dio1 and Dio3 expression levels. This effect was associated with elevated glucose and insulin levels, enhanced HOMA IR, and decreased HOMA B index. In addition, prolonged vitamin A supplementation significantly increased RBP4 levels that upregulated the expression of PEPCK. Conclusion High doses of vitamin A supplementation increased the risk of hypothyroidism, modulated insulin sensitivity, and over a long period, increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus associated with oxidative stress and hepatitis.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming increasingly common as the global economy grows and living standards improve. Timely and effective preventions and treatments for NAFLD are urgently needed. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4), the protein that transports retinol through the circulation, was found to be positively related to diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and other metabolic diseases. Observational studies on the association between serum RBP4 level and the prevalence of NAFLD found contradictory results. Some of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this association have been revealed, and the possible clinical implications of treating NAFLD by targeting RBP4 have been demonstrated. Future studies should focus on the predictive value of RBP4 on NAFLD development and its potential as a therapeutic target in NAFLD.
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22
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Nascè A, Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR, Szanto I. NADPH Oxidases Connecting Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Outlook. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061131. [PMID: 35740032 PMCID: PMC9219746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by ectopic fat accumulation in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance and is the most frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the features connecting NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM is cellular oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to a redox imbalance due to an inequity between the capacity of production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major cellular ROS sources is NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es). In physiological conditions, NOX-es produce ROS purposefully in a timely and spatially regulated manner and are crucial regulators of various cellular events linked to metabolism, receptor signal transmission, proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, dysregulated NOX-derived ROS production is related to the onset of diverse pathologies. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge concerning NOX enzymes as connective elements between NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM and weighs their potential relevance as pharmacological targets to alleviate fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nascè
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
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Flores-Cortez YA, Barragán-Bonilla MI, Mendoza-Bello JM, González-Calixto C, Flores-Alfaro E, Espinoza-Rojo M. Interplay of retinol binding protein 4 with obesity and associated chronic alterations (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:244. [PMID: 35656886 PMCID: PMC9185696 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease, defined as excessive fat deposition in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is responsible for the production and secretion of numerous adipokines that induce metabolic disorders. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine that transports vitamin A or retinol in the blood. High levels of RBP4 are associated with development of metabolic disease, including obesity, insulin resistance (IR), metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present review summarizes the role of RBP4 in obesity and associated chronic alterations. Excessive synthesis of RBP4 contributes to inflammatory characteristic of obesity by activation of immune cells and release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and ILs, via the Toll-like receptor/JNK pathway. The retinol-RBP4 complex inhibits insulin signaling directly in adipocytes by activating Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT5/suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 signaling. This mechanism is retinol-dependent and requires vitamin A receptor stimulation by retinoic acid 6 (STRA6). In muscle, RBP4 is associated with increased serine 307 phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1, which decreases its affinity to PI3K and promotes IR. In the liver, RBP4 increases hepatic expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, which increases production of glucose. Elevated serum RBP4 levels are associated with β-cell dysfunction in T2D via the STRA6/JAK2/STAT1/insulin gene enhancer protein 1 pathway. By contrast, RBP4 induces endothelial inflammation via the NF-κB/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase pathway independently of retinol and STRA6, which stimulates expression of proinflammatory molecules, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and TNFα. RBP4 promotes oxidative stress by decreasing endothelial mitochondrial function; overall, it may serve as a useful biomarker in the diagnosis of obesity and prognosis of associated disease, as well as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaccil Adilene Flores-Cortez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomic, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico
| | - Martha I Barragán-Bonilla
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomic, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico
| | - Juan M Mendoza-Bello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomic, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico
| | | | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico
| | - Mónica Espinoza-Rojo
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genomic, Faculty of Biological Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero 39087, Mexico
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24
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Chen D, Zhang Y, Yidilisi A, Xu Y, Dong Q, Jiang J. Causal Associations Between Circulating Adipokines and Cardiovascular Disease: A Mendelian Randomization Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e2572-e2580. [PMID: 35134201 PMCID: PMC9113792 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Observational studies have suggested associations between adipokines and cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the roles of certain adipokines remain controversial, and these associations have not yet been ascertained causally. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether circulating adipokines causally affect the risk of CVD using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS Independent genetic variants strongly associated with adiponectin, resistin, chemerin, and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) were selected from public genome-wide association studies. Summary-level statistics for CVD, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and stroke and its subtypes were collected. The inverse-variance weighted and Wald ratio methods were used for the MR estimates. The MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier, weighted median, MR-Egger, leave-one-out analysis, MR Steiger, and colocalization analyses were used in the sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Genetically predicted resistin levels were positively associated with AF risk (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-1.13; P = 4.1 × 10-5), which was attenuated to null after adjusting for blood pressure. We observed suggestive associations between higher genetically predicted chemerin levels and an increased risk of CAD (OR 1.27; 95% CI, 1.01-1.60; P = 0.040), higher genetically predicted RBP4 levels and an increased risk of HF (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.02-1.27; P = 0.024). There was no causal association between genetically predicted adiponectin levels and CVD risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the causal association between resistin and AF, probably acting through blood pressure, and suggest potential causal associations between chemerin and CAD, RBP4, and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abuduwufuer Yidilisi
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Qichao Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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25
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Administration of Melatonin in Diabetic Retinopathy Is Effective and Improves the Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:6342594. [PMID: 35450343 PMCID: PMC9017455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6342594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising therapeutic technique for the treatment of a variety of diseases; nevertheless, stem cell therapy may not always work as well as it could. The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that employing a powerful antioxidant like melatonin improves stem cell transplantation success and potentiates stem cell function in the therapy of diabetic retinopathy. For this purpose, 50 adult male rats were divided into the following: control group: this group received 0.5 ml of 0.1 M of sodium citrate buffer (pH = 4.5) (intraperitoneal (I.P.)). The confirmed diabetic rats were divided into 4 groups: diabetic group: confirmed diabetic rats received no treatments with a regular follow of the blood glucose profile for 8 weeks; melatonin group: confirmed diabetic rats received melatonin (5 mg/kg/day); stem cell group: the confirmed diabetic rats were given intravitreal injection of stem cells (2 μl cell suspension of stem cells (3 × 104 cells/μl)); and melatonin+stem cell group: confirmed diabetic rats received melatonin (5 mg/kg/day), orally once daily for 8 weeks, and 2 μl cell suspension of stem cells (3 × 104 cells/μl) was carefully injected into the vitreous cavity. Our results showed that administration of melatonin and/or stem cell restored the retinal oxidative/antioxidant redox and reduced retinal inflammatory mediators. Coadministration of melatonin and stem cells enhanced the number of transplanted stem cells in the retinal tissue and significantly reduced retinal BDEF, VEGF, APOA1, and RBP4 levels as compared to melatonin and/or stem alone. We may conclude that rats treated with melatonin and stem cells had their retinal oxidative/antioxidant redox values restored to normal and their histological abnormalities reduced. These findings support the hypothesis that interactions with the BDEF, VEGF, APOA1, and RBP4 signaling pathways are responsible for these effects.
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26
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Interplay between Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, Fetuin-A, Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Thyroid Function in Metabolic Dysregulation. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12040300. [PMID: 35448487 PMCID: PMC9026429 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling between the tissues integrating synthesis, transformation and utilization of energy substrates and their regulatory hormonal axes play a substantial role in the development of metabolic disorders. Interactions between cytokines, particularly liver derived hepatokines and adipokines, secreted from adipose tissue, constitute one of major areas of current research devoted to metabolic dysregulation. The thyroid exerts crucial influence on the maintenance of basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, while its dysfunction promotes the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we discuss the interplay between three adipokines: fatty acid binding protein type 4, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein type 4 and thyroid hormones, that shed a new light onto mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis, cardiovascular complications, obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes accompanying thyroid dysfunction. Furthermore, we summarize clinical findings on those cytokines in the course of thyroid disorders.
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27
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Qian K, Yan X, Xu C, Fang Y, Ma M. Association Between Circulating Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:829347. [PMID: 35369314 PMCID: PMC8968078 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.829347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The predictive role of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in the adverse prognosis of patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been well-defined. We thus conducted this cohort study to investigate the association between circulating RBP4 level and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in Chinese patients with stable CAD. Methods Patients with stable CAD and serum RBP4 concentration measurement at admission between July 2012 and January 2015 were included. The primary outcome in this study was incident MACEs, which included acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, and cardiovascular death. Cox proportional hazards regression was adopted to investigate the association between RBP4 and the incidence of MACEs. Results A total of 840 patients with stable CAD were analyzed. The mean age of patients was 61.2 ± 15.9 years, and 56.1% of them were men. After a median follow-up of 2.3 years, 129 MACEs were observed. Compared to participants exposed to the first quartile of serum RBP4 level, those in the second, the third, and the fourth quartiles had associated hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.38 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.33-4.26], 2.35 (95% CI: 1.31-4.21), and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.28-4.04) after adjusted for confounders, respectively. Every 5 μg/ml increment in serum RBP4 concentration was associated with an adjusted HR of 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.22) for the occurrence of MACEs. Subgroup analyses suggested no significant modifying effects of baseline characteristics for the association between RBP4 and MACEs in patients with stable CAD. Conclusion Our finding suggested that the higher circulating RBP4 level was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACEs in patients with stable CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Qian
- Department of Emergency, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Emergency, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Yijia Fang
- Department of Emergency, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
| | - Moshuang Ma
- Department of Emergency, Liyang People's Hospital, Liyang, China
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28
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Steinhoff JS, Lass A, Schupp M. Retinoid Homeostasis and Beyond: How Retinol Binding Protein 4 Contributes to Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:1236. [PMID: 35334893 PMCID: PMC8951293 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) is the specific transport protein of the lipophilic vitamin A, retinol, in blood. Circulating RBP4 originates from the liver. It is secreted by hepatocytes after it has been loaded with retinol and binding to transthyretin (TTR). TTR association prevents renal filtration due to the formation of a higher molecular weight complex. In the circulation, RBP4 binds to specific membrane receptors, thereby delivering retinol to target cells, rendering liver-secreted RBP4 the major mechanism to distribute hepatic vitamin A stores to extrahepatic tissues. In particular, binding of RBP4 to 'stimulated by retinoic acid 6' (STRA6) is required to balance tissue retinoid responses in a highly homeostatic manner. Consequently, defects/mutations in RBP4 can cause a variety of conditions and diseases due to dysregulated retinoid homeostasis and cover embryonic development, vision, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases. Aside from the effects related to retinol transport, non-canonical functions of RBP4 have also been reported. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation and function of RBP4 in health and disease derived from murine models and human mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Steinhoff
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)-Research Center, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Achim Lass
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria;
- Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, Heinrichstraße 31/II, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Schupp
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Metabolic Renal (CMR)-Research Center, 10115 Berlin, Germany;
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29
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Ji Y, Song J, Su T, Gu X. Adipokine Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:856298. [PMID: 35309061 PMCID: PMC8924404 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.856298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been increasing year by year all over the world and expanding greatly to the younger population, which becomes the leading causes of death globally that threatens human life safety. Prediction of the occurrence of diseases by using risk related adverse events is crucial for screening and early detection of CVDs. Thus, the discovery of new biomarkers that related to risks of CVDs are of urgent in the field. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is a 21-kDa adipokine, mainly secreted by adipocytes. Besides its well-established function in the induction of insulin resistance, it has also been found in recent years to be closely associated with CVDs and other risk factors, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. In this review, we mainly focus on the progress of research that establishes the correlation between RBP4 and CVDs and the corresponding major risk factors in recent years.
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30
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Lin T, Gubitosi-Klug RA, Channa R, Wolf RM. Pediatric Diabetic Retinopathy: Updates in Prevalence, Risk Factors, Screening, and Management. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:56. [PMID: 34902076 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01436-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and a major cause of vision loss worldwide. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in youth, discuss risk factors, and review recent advances in diabetic retinopathy screening. RECENT FINDINGS While DR has long been considered a microvascular complication, recent data suggests that retinal neurodegeneration may precede the vascular changes associated with DR. The prevalence of DR has decreased in type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients following the results of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and implementation of intensive insulin therapy, with prevalence ranging from 14-20% before the year 2000 to 3.7-6% after 2000. In contrast, the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D) is higher, ranging from 9.1-50%. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy are well established and include glycemic control, diabetes duration, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, whereas diabetes technology use including insulin pumps and continuous glucose monitors has been shown to have protective effects. Screening for DR is recommended for youth with T1D once they are aged ≥ 11 years or puberty has started and diabetes duration of 3-5 years. Pediatric T2D patients are advised to undergo screening at or soon after diagnosis, and annually thereafter, due to the insidious nature of T2D. Recent advances in DR screening methods including point of care and artificial intelligence technology have increased access to DR screening, while being cost-saving to patients and cost-effective to healthcare systems. While the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in youth with T1D has been declining over the last few decades, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of DR in youth with T2D. Improving access to diabetic retinopathy screening using novel screening methods may help improve detection and early treatment of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyger Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Rose A Gubitosi-Klug
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine and Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Roomasa Channa
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Risa M Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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31
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Zhang KZ, Shen XY, Wang M, Wang L, Sun HX, Li XZ, Huang JJ, Li XQ, Wu C, Zhao C, Liu JL, Lu X, Gao W. Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Promotes Cardiac Injury After Myocardial Infarction Via Inducing Cardiomyocyte Pyroptosis Through an Interaction With NLRP3. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e022011. [PMID: 34726071 PMCID: PMC8751920 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.022011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory cell death that plays a major role in the development and progression of cardiac injury in AMI. However, the underlying mechanisms for the activation of pyroptosis during AMI are not fully elucidated. Methods and Results Here we show that RBP4 (retinol‐binding protein 4), a previous identified proinflammatory adipokine, was increased both in the myocardium of left anterior descending artery ligation‐induced AMI mouse model and in ischemia‐hypoxia‒induced cardiomyocyte injury model. The upregulated RBP4 may contribute to the activation of cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in AMI because overexpression of RBP4 activated NLRP3 (nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor family pyrin domain‐containing 3) inflammasome, promoted the precursor cleavage of Caspase‐1, and subsequently induced GSDMD (gasdermin‐D)‐dependent pyroptosis. In contrast, knockdown of RBP4 alleviated ischemia‐hypoxia‒induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that RBP4 interacted directly with NLRP3 in cardiomyocyte, while genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 attenuated RBP4‐induced pyroptosis in cardiomyocytes. Finally, knockdown of RBP4 in heart decreased infarct size and protected against AMI‐induced pyroptosis and cardiac dysfunction in mice. Conclusions Taken together, these findings reveal RBP4 as a novel modulator promoting cardiomyocyte pyroptosis via interaction with NLRP3 in AMI. Therefore, targeting cardiac RBP4 might represent a viable strategy for the prevention of cardiac injury in patients with AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xi-Yu Shen
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Hui-Xian Sun
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jing-Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Can Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Department of Geriatrics The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics Sir Run Run HospitalNanjing Medical University Nanjing China.,Key Laboratory for Aging and Disease Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Transthyretin and retinol-binding protein as discriminators of diabetic retinopathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int Ophthalmol 2021; 42:1041-1049. [PMID: 34718910 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-021-02088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus (DM), which is still a major reason for blindness. Transthyretin (TTR) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) are thought to be related to the pathogenesis both in T2DM and T1DM. We aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of TTR, RBP, RBP/TTR ratio, and DR. METHODS This retrospective study involved 188 T1DM inpatients divided into two groups: patients with DR (n = 95) and patients without DR (n = 93). Data of serum levels on lipids and inflammation were collected. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to research the association between TTR, RBP, RBP/TTR, and diabetic retinopathy in T1DM. RESULTS Compared with patients without DR, those with DR have a higher level of TTR (207 versus 195 mg/L, p = 0.034) and RBP4 (36.85 versus 25.68 mg/L, p < 0.001). Significant differences were also observed between two groups with respect to body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), homocysteine, apolipoprotein B (APOB), leucocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, and uric acid (p < 0.05 for all). TTR, RBP, and RBP/TTR were positively correlated with BP, BMI, TG, LDL, homocysteine, APOB, and uric acid. A multivariate logistic regression model revealed individuals with RBP4 level in the highest quartile had 58.95 times higher risk of developing diabetic retinopathy than those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TTR, RBP, and RBP/TTR ratio are risk factors of DR in T1DM. They are potential markers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of DR.
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Nar G, Sanlialp SC, Nar R. Retinol binding protein 4 levels relate to the presence and severity of coronary artery disease. J Med Biochem 2021; 40:384-389. [PMID: 34616228 PMCID: PMC8451232 DOI: 10.5937/jomb0-28846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The previous studies have showed that serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) levels increase in metabolic disorders which are closely associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, the human studies investigating the role of RBP4 in CVD are conflicted. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between RBP4 with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in this study. Methods 55 patients with presenting acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and 43 control subjects who had various cardiovascular risk factors with normal coronary artery on coronary angiography were included in this study. The serum RBP4 concentrations were measured using ELISA method, clinically and anatomically score models were used to assess the severity of coronary lesion. Results Serum RBP4 levels were significantly higher in patients with ACS compared to the without ACS (68.40 ± 47.94 mg/L vs. 49.46 ± 13.64 mg/L; p = 0.014). RBP4 was correlated with GENSINI and SYNTAX I score (r = 0.286 p = 0.034; r = 0.403 p = 0.002 respectively). However, there was no relationship between RBP4 and GRACE score. Conclusions The serum RBP4 levels increase in patients with CAD and its increased levels may be correlated with CAD severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokay Nar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Denizli, Turkey
| | | | - Rukiye Nar
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Denizli, Turkey
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Pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines are associated with cardiometabolic risk markers in Brazilian schoolchildren. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:2931-2941. [PMID: 33834274 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-021-04040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines have been regarded as potential markers of obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. However, few studies have evaluated this association in children. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between adipokine concentrations and cardiometabolic risk markers in Brazilian schoolchildren. This was a cross-sectional study with 378 children aged 8-9 years from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We measured adipokines (leptin, retinol-binding protein 4, adiponectin, and chemerin) and cardiometabolic risk markers (fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, and blood pressure). Cardiometabolic risk markers were compared by quintiles of adipokines with linear regression adjusted for potential confounders. Leptin was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.03) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.01), and retinol-binding protein 4 was positively associated with total cholesterol (P = 0.04). Each standard deviation of leptin and retinol-binding protein 4 was associated to, respectively, a 0.1 (95%CI: 0.1; 0.2), 0.3 (95%CI: 0.1; 0.6), and 2.5 (95%CI: 0.1; 4.9) units increase in diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, and total cholesterol. Adiponectin was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (P = 0.01), and chemerin was negatively associated with glucose (P = 0.001). Each standard deviation of adiponectin and chemerin was associated to, respectively, a -0.1 (95%CI: -0.2; -0.1), -0.2 (95%CI: -0.3; -0.1), and -1.2 (95%CI: -1.9; -0.5) units decrease in diastolic blood pressure, HOMA-IR, and glucose.Conclusion: Pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines were positively and negatively associated with cardiometabolic risk markers, respectively, among schoolchildren, indicating this relationship may be identified at earlier ages. What is Known: • Although leptin, retinol-binding protein 4, and adiponectin are well-known adipokines, a consensus regarding their relationship with cardiometabolic risk markers, especially in schoolchildren, has not yet been reached. • Chemerin is an adipokine that has been studied recently. Yet, due to its dependence on the target cell type, its functions are still a controversial topic. What is New: • Leptin was positively associated with diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR, and retinol-binding protein 4 was positively associated with total cholesterol. • Adiponectin was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure and HOMA-IR, and chemerin was negatively associated with glucose.
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Chen H, Zhang J, Lai J, Zhou Y, Lin X, Deng G, Zhang Z, Li L. Circulating retinol binding protein 4 levels in coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:89. [PMID: 34419052 PMCID: PMC8380323 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been proposed to play a role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD), but previous findings on the association of RBP4 levels with CAD are inconsistent. METHODS A meta-analysis based on observational studies was conducted to evaluate the association between circulating RBP4 levels and CAD. Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov database were searched for eligible studies published up to 12 July 2021. Standard mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the inverse variance heterogeneity (IVhet) and random-effects model for data with moderate and high heterogeneity (I2 > 30%) and data with low heterogeneity were analysed using a fixed-effects model (I2 ≤ 30%). Moreover, a bias-adjusted quality-effects model was generated, and the prediction interval was also calculated under the random-effects model. RESULTS Two nested case-control studies, one cohort study and twelve case-control studies with a total of 7111 participants were included. Circulating RBP4 levels in patients with CAD were comparable to those in the controls under the IVhet model (SMD: 0.25, 95% CI: - 0.29-0.79, I2: 96.00%). The quality-effects model produced consistent results. However, the association turned to be significant under the random-effect model (SMD: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.17-0.75, I2: 96.00%), whereas the 95% predictive interval (PI) included null values (95% PI: - 0.82-1.74). Subgroup analyses illustrated a positive relationship between CAD and RBP4 levels in patients with complications (SMD: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.38-2.29, I2: 96.00%). The meta-regression analysis revealed that the mean BMI of patients (P = 0.03) and complication status (P = 0.01) influenced the variation in SMD. CONCLUSIONS There was low-quality evidence that patients with CAD exhibited similar circulating RBP4 levels compared with controls, and high inter-study heterogeneity was also observed. Thus, RBP4 might not be a potential risk factor for CAD. Comparisons among different subtypes of RBP4 with larger sample size are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengying Chen
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Lai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingyu Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guifang Deng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheqing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.
- School of Public Health, Shantou University, Shantou, China.
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Schaffenrath J, Huang SF, Wyss T, Delorenzi M, Keller A. Characterization of the blood-brain barrier in genetically diverse laboratory mouse strains. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:34. [PMID: 34321020 PMCID: PMC8317333 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic variation in a population has an influence on the manifestation of monogenic as well as multifactorial disorders, with the underlying genetic contribution dependent on several interacting variants. Common laboratory mouse strains used for modelling human disease lack the genetic variability of the human population. Therefore, outcomes of rodent studies show limited relevance to human disease. The functionality of brain vasculature is an important modifier of brain diseases. Importantly, the restrictive interface between blood and brain—the blood–brain barrier (BBB) serves as a major obstacle for the drug delivery into the central nervous system (CNS). Using genetically diverse mouse strains, we aimed to investigate the phenotypic and transcriptomic variation of the healthy BBB in different inbred mouse strains. Methods We investigated the heterogeneity of brain vasculature in recently wild-derived mouse strains (CAST/EiJ, WSB/EiJ, PWK/PhJ) and long-inbred mouse strains (129S1/SvImJ, A/J, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, NOD/ShiLtJ) using different phenotypic arms. We used immunohistochemistry and confocal laser microscopy followed by quantitative image analysis to determine vascular density and pericyte coverage in two brain regions—cortex and hippocampus. Using a low molecular weight fluorescence tracer, sodium fluorescein and spectrophotometry analysis, we assessed BBB permeability in young and aged mice of selected strains. For further phenotypic characterization of endothelial cells in inbred mouse strains, we performed bulk RNA sequencing of sorted endothelial cells isolated from cortex and hippocampus. Results Cortical vessel density and pericyte coverage did not differ among the investigated strains, except in the cortex, where PWK/PhJ showed lower vessel density compared to NOD/ShiLtJ, and a higher pericyte coverage than DBA/2J. The vascular density in the hippocampus differed among analyzed strains but not the pericyte coverage. The staining patterns of endothelial arteriovenous zonation markers were similar in different strains. BBB permeability to a small fluorescent tracer, sodium fluorescein, was also similar in different strains, except in the hippocampus where the CAST/EiJ showed higher permeability than NOD/ShiLtJ. Transcriptomic analysis of endothelial cells revealed that sex of the animal was a major determinant of gene expression differences. In addition, the expression level of several genes implicated in endothelial function and BBB biology differed between wild-derived and long-inbred mouse strains. In aged mice of three investigated strains (DBA/2J, A/J, C57BL/6J) vascular density and pericyte coverage did not change—expect for DBA/2J, whereas vascular permeability to sodium fluorescein increased in all three strains. Conclusions Our analysis shows that although there were no major differences in parenchymal vascular morphology and paracellular BBB permeability for small molecular weight tracer between investigated mouse strains or sexes, transcriptomic differences of brain endothelial cells point to variation in gene expression of the intact BBB. These baseline variances might be confounding factors in pathological conditions that may lead to a differential functional outcome dependent on the sex or genetic polymorphism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12987-021-00269-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schaffenrath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich University, Zürich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich University, Zürich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tania Wyss
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich University, Zürich, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111312. [PMID: 33957191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with numerous co-morbid disorders including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, airway disease and some cancers. The causal mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes many adipokines, cytokines and releases metabolites. These biomolecules referred to as adipocytokines play a significant role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism by influencing and altering target tissues function. Understanding the mechanisms of adipocytokine actions represents a hot topic in obesity research. Among several secreted bioactive signalling molecules from adipose tissue and liver, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Here, we aim to review and discuss the current knowledge on RBP4 with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of obesity comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
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Kochneva A, Borvinskaya E, Smirnov L. Zone of Interaction Between the Parasite and the Host: Protein Profile of the Body Cavity Fluid of Gasterosteus aculeatus L. Infected with the Cestode Schistocephalus solidus (Muller, 1776). Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:569-583. [PMID: 33387269 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00318-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During infection, the host and the parasite "communicate" with each other through various molecules, including proteins. The aim of this study was to describe the excretory-secretory proteins from the helminth Schistocephalus solidus and its intermediate host, the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus L., which are likely to be involved in interactions between them. METHODS Combined samples of washes from the G. aculeatus sticklebacks cavity infected with the S. solidus, and washes from the parasite surface were used as experimental samples, while washes from the uninfected fish body cavity were used as control. The obtained samples were analyzed using mass-spectrometry nLC-MS/MS. RESULTS As a result of mass-spectrometry analysis 215 proteins were identified. Comparative quantitative analysis revealed significant differences in LFQ intensity between experimental and control samples for 20 stickleback proteins. In the experimental samples, we found an increase in the content of serpins, plasminogen, angiotensin 1-10, complement component C9, and a decrease in the content of triosephosphate isomerase, creatine kinase, fructose-biphosphate aldolase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidoxin-1, homocysteine-binding and fatty acid-binding proteins, compared to uninfected fish samples. In the experimental group washes, 30 S. solidus proteins were found, including malate dehydrogenase, annexin family proteins, serpins, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase and fatty acid-binding protein. CONCLUSIONS Thus, the protein composition of washes from the helminth S. solidus surface and the body cavity of infected and uninfected stickleback G. aculeatus were studied. As a result, it was shown that various components of the immune defense system predominated in the washes of infected fish and helminths.
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Gokulakrishnan K, Pandey GK, Sathishkumar C, Sundararajan S, Durairaj P, Manickam N, Mohan V, Balasubramanyam M. Augmentation of RBP4/STRA6 signaling leads to insulin resistance and inflammation and the plausible therapeutic role of vildagliptin and metformin. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4093-4106. [PMID: 34041677 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A role of Retinol Binding Protein-4 (RBP4) in insulin resistance is widely studied. However, there is paucity of information on its receptor viz., Stimulated by Retinoic Acid-6 (STRA6) with insulin resistance. To address this, we investigated the regulation of RBP4/STRA6 expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to glucolipotoxicity (GLT) and in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) from high fat diet (HFD) fed insulin-resistant rats. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were subjected to GLT and other experimental maneuvers with and without vildagliptin or metformin. Real-time PCR and western-blot experiments were performed to analyze RBP4, STRA6, PPARγ gene and protein expression. Adipored staining and glucose uptake assay were performed to evaluate lipid and glucose metabolism. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and Insulin Tolerance Test (ITT) were performed to determine the extent of insulin resistance in HFD fed male Wistar rats. Total serum RBP4 was measured by quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Adipocytes under GLT exhibited significantly increased RBP4/STRA6 expressions and decreased insulin sensitivity/glucose uptake. Vildagliptin and metformin not only restored the above but also decreased the expression of IL-6, NFκB, SOCS-3 along with lipid accumulation. Furthermore, HFD fed rats exhibited significantly increased serum levels of RBP4 along with VAT expression of RBP4, STRA6, PPARγ, IL-6. These molecules were significantly altered by the vildagliptin/ metformin treatment. We conclude that RBP4/STRA6 pathway is primarily involved in mediating inflammation and insulin resistance in adipocytes and visceral adipose tissues under glucolipotoxicity and in insulin resistant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Gokulakrishnan
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bengaluru, 560029, India. .,Department of Research Biochemistry, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India.
| | - Gautam Kumar Pandey
- Department of Research Biochemistry, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 27514, USA
| | - Chandrakumar Sathishkumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India
| | - Saravanakumar Sundararajan
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India
| | - Prabhu Durairaj
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences (MHS), SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
| | - Nagaraj Manickam
- Department of Vascular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India
| | - Viswanathan Mohan
- Department of Research Biochemistry, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India
| | - Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600086, India.,Department of Medical and Health Sciences (MHS), SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603203, India
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Su Y, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Zhu M. The Association between Serum Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Levels and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Lab Med 2021; 51:491-497. [PMID: 31999339 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmz104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to assess whether serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is associated with a risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. METHODS One hundred sixty-nine patients with CKD were followed for a mean of 36 months (range, 5-39 months). Serum RBP4 and other laboratory indicators were measured at baseline. The relationship between RBP4 and the risk of CV events was evaluated by using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Patients with higher serum RBP4 levels had a higher rate of CV events and a higher mortality in a univariate analysis (P < 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis revealed that RBP4 (hazard ratio, 2.259; 95% confidence interval, 2.067-5.489; P = 0.002) is an independent prognostic factor for CV events in patients with CKD. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with RBP4 above the median value (>33.86 mg/L) had a higher rate of CV events than did patients with RBP4 at or below the median value (≤33.86 mg/L; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION RBP4 levels are associated with CV events in patients with CKD. Elevated serum RBP4 levels may indicate an increased risk of CV complications in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Su
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meilan Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Activation of the Complement System on Human Endothelial Cells by Urban Particulate Matter Triggers Inflammation-Related Protein Production. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073336. [PMID: 33805189 PMCID: PMC8038114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is becoming a major global health issue. The amount and time of exposure to PM are known to be closely associated with cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism through which PM affects the vascular system is still not clear. Endothelial cells line the interior surface of blood vessels and actively interact with plasma proteins, including the complement system. Unregulated complement activation caused by invaders, such as pollutants, may promote endothelial inflammation. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether urban PM (UPM) acts on the endothelial environment via the complement system. UPM-treated human endothelial cells with normal human serum showed the deposition of membrane attack complexes (MACs) on the cell surface via the alternative pathway of the complement system. Despite the formation of MACs, cell death was not observed, and cell proliferation was increased in UPM-mediated complement activation. Furthermore, complement activation on endothelial cells stimulated the production of inflammation-related proteins. Our results revealed that UPM could activate the complement system in human endothelial cells and that complement activation regulated inflammatory reaction in microenvironment. These findings provide clues with regard to the role of the complement system in pathophysiologic events of vascular disease elicited by air pollution.
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Suhett LG, Hermsdorff HHM, Ribeiro SAV, Filgueiras MDS, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, de Novaes JF. The dietary inflammatory index is associated with anti- and pro-inflammatory adipokines in Brazilian schoolchildren. Eur J Nutr 2021; 60:2841-2849. [PMID: 33575861 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02500-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship of Children's Dietary Inflammatory Index (C-DII™) scores with body fat distribution and serum adipokines in Brazilian schoolchildren. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study enrolled 378 schoolchildren aged 8 and 9 years from Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Food consumption was assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls from which C-DII scores were calculated. Serum adipokines [adiponectin, leptin, retinal-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and chemerin] were analyzed in blood samples. Sociodemographic characteristics and sedentary behavior were assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Total, truncal, android and gynoid body fat were evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We compared the distributions of adiposity measures and serum adipokines by C-DII categories with linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS The mean sample C-DII was 0.59 ± 0.94 and ranged from - 2.16 to + 2.75. The C-DII was not associated with central and total body fat. However, the C-DII was modestly inversely associated with adiponectin and RBP4, and modestly directly associated with chemerin. These results remained significant after adjusting for body fat. Every 1 SD of C-DII was related, respectively, to a - 0.8 (- 1.5, - 0.03) and to a - 0.1 (- 0.2, - 0.05) units lower mean of adiponectin and RBP4, and to 7.2 (0.3, 14.1) units higher of chemerin. CONCLUSION Higher C-DII score was modestly inversely and directly associated with anti- and pro-inflammatory adipokines, respectively, in Brazilian children. The development of public health policies is needed to promote healthy eating habits during childhood to prevent the early onset of systemic inflammation and ill health effects later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gomes Suhett
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - H H M Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Sarah Aparecida Vieira Ribeiro
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Mariana De Santis Filgueiras
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations (CHI), 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.,Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Connecting Health Innovations (CHI), 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC, 29201, USA
| | - Juliana Farias de Novaes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. P.H. Rolfs s/n, Campus Universitário, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-000, Brazil
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Wu Y, Wang F, Wang T, Zheng Y, You L, Xue J. Association of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 with Arteriovenous Fistula Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Patients. Blood Purif 2021; 50:906-913. [PMID: 33556944 DOI: 10.1159/000513418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the most common vascular access for patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) might be a potential mechanism of AVF dysfunction. Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NIH. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AVF dysfunction is associated with serum concentrations of RBP4 in HD subjects. METHODS A cohort of 65 Chinese patients undergoing maintenance HD was recruited between November 2017 and June 2019. The serum concentrations of RBP4 of each patient were measured with the ELISA method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze data on demographics, biochemical parameters, and serum RBP4 level to predict AVF dysfunction events. The cutoff for serum RBP4 level was derived from the highest score obtained on the Youden index. Survival data were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Higher serum RBP4 level was observed in patients with AVF dysfunction compared to those without AVF dysfunction events (174.3 vs. 168.4 mg/L, p = 0.001). The prevalence of AVF dysfunction events was greatly higher among the high RBP4 group (37.5 vs. 4.88%, p = 0.001). In univariate analysis, serum RBP4 level was statistically significantly associated with the risk of AVF dysfunction (OR = 1.015, 95% CI 1.002-1.030, p = 0.030). In multivariate analysis, each 1.0 mg/L increase in RBP4 level was associated with a 1.023-fold-increased risk of AVF dysfunction (95% CI for OR: 1.002-1.045; p = 0.032). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that the incidence of AVF dysfunction events in the high RBP4 group was significantly higher than that in the low-RBP4 group (p = 0.0007). Multivariate Cox regressions demonstrated that RBP4 was an independent risk factor for AVF dysfunction events in HD patients (HR = 1.015, 95% CI 1.001-1.028, p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS HD patients with higher serum RBP4 concentrations had a relevant higher incidence of arteriovenous dysfunction events. Serum RBP4 level was an independent risk factor for AVF dysfunction events in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Wu
- Department of Nephrology, North Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, North Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Nephrology, North Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, North Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li You
- Department of Nephrology, North Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China, .,Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China,
| | - Jun Xue
- Department of Nephrology, North Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jerotic D, Suvakov S, Matic M, Alqudah A, Grieve DJ, Pljesa-Ercegovac M, Savic-Radojevic A, Damjanovic T, Dimkovic N, McClements L, Simic T. GSTM1 Modulates Expression of Endothelial Adhesion Molecules in Uremic Milieu. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6678924. [PMID: 33574979 PMCID: PMC7860968 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6678924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Deletion polymorphism of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1), a phase II detoxification and antioxidant enzyme, increases susceptibility to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among ESRD patients and leads to their shorter cardiovascular survival. The mechanisms by which GSTM1 downregulation contributes to oxidative stress and inflammation in endothelial cells in uremic conditions have not been investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to elucidate the effects of GSTM1 knockdown on oxidative stress and expression of a panel of inflammatory markers in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to uremic serum. Additionally, we aimed to discern whether GSTM1-null genotype is associated with serum levels of adhesion molecules in ESRD patients. HUVECs treated with uremic serum exhibited impaired redox balance characterized by enhanced lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities, independently of the GSTM1 knockdown. In response to uremic injury, HUVECs exhibited alteration in the expression of a series of inflammatory cytokines including retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), C-reactive protein (CRP), angiogenin, dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), and platelet factor 4 (PF4). GSTM1 knockdown in HUVECs showed upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a cytokine involved in the regulation of monocyte migration and adhesion. These cells also have shown upregulated intracellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM-1). In accordance with these findings, the levels of serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) were increased in ESRD patients lacking GSTM1, in comparison with patients with the GSTM1-active genotype. Based on these results, it may be concluded that incubation of endothelial cells in uremic serum induces redox imbalance accompanied with altered expression of a series of cytokines involved in arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis. The association of GSTM1 downregulation with the altered expression of adhesion molecules might be at least partly responsible for the increased susceptibility of ESRD patients to CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Djurdja Jerotic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Suvakov
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Marija Matic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127 Zarqa 13133, Jordan
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David J. Grieve
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Marija Pljesa-Ercegovac
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Savic-Radojevic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Damjanovic
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nada Dimkovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinical Department for Renal Diseases, Zvezdara University Medical Center, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lana McClements
- The Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Tatjana Simic
- Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Khalid HN, Abd El Gayed EM, Dawoud RA, Bazid HAS. Measuring the serum level of retinol-binding protein can enhance the treatment of recalcitrant warts. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:1031-1036. [PMID: 33247626 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Warts are common benign (60%-65%) self-limited tumors of the epidermis caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs). However, some warts fail to resolve despite of different treatments and become recalcitrant. Vitamin A has antiproliferative and antikeratinizing properties by which the disruption of HPV replication can be occurred. Concentrations of retinol-binding protein (RBP) and retinol in the circulation highly correlate with each others. AIM To assess the serum level of RBP in patients with resistant warts to evaluate the possible role of retinol in the disease pathogenesis. PATIENTS This case-control study included 30 patients with resistant cutaneous warts (defined as failure of cure after conventional treatment as 12 weeks of salicylic acid application, 4 or more cycles of cryotherapy or electrocautery and/or other physical treatment modalities) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. RBP level in the serum was measured by ELISA. RESULTS There was a significant difference between cases and controls regarding the level of serum RBP (P = .001). However, serum RBP level did not differ significantly regarding sociodemographic or clinical data (P > .05 each). RBP is a good biomarker for significant early detection and discrimination between cases and controls (P = .001) at a cutoff point < 563.3 mg/l with sensitivity (93%) and specificity (80%). CONCLUSION Low serum RBP level in our studied patients may suggest an important role of retinol in the resistant warts pathogenesis. Thus measuring serum RBP will help to identify patients who are going to have resistant warts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham N Khalid
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman M Abd El Gayed
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Heba A S Bazid
- Dermatology and Andrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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Das S, Gazi MA, Hasan MM, Fahim SM, Alam MA, Hossain MS, Mahfuz M, Ahmed T. Changes in Retinol Binding Protein 4 Level in Undernourished Children After a Nutrition Intervention Are Positively Associated With Mother's Weight but Negatively With Mother's Height, Intake of Whole Milk, and Markers of Systemic Inflammation: Results From a Community-Based Intervention Study. Food Nutr Bull 2020; 42:23-35. [PMID: 33222545 PMCID: PMC8060731 DOI: 10.1177/0379572120973908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: The changes of plasma retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) level after a
nutrition intervention can indicate the metabolic changes associated with
the delivered intervention. Objective: We investigated the changes in plasma RBP4 level among 12- to 18-month-old
children after a nutrition intervention and measured its association with
subcutaneous adiposity, maternal characteristics, and inflammation. Methods: Data of 520 undernourished children (250 of them had length-for-age
Z score [LAZ] <−1 to −2 and 270 had LAZ score
<−2) were collected from the Bangladesh Environmental Enteric Dysfunction
study conducted in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Multivariable linear regression and
generalized estimation equations (GEE) modeling techniques were used to
measure the association. Results: At baseline, median RBP4 level was 19.9 mg/L (interquartile range [IQR]:
7.96), and at the end of the intervention, it was 20.6 mg/L (IQR: 9.06).
Percentage changes in plasma RBP4 level were not significantly associated
(P > .05) with the percentage changes in child’s
height, weight, and subcutaneous adiposity. But maternal height (regression
coefficient, β = −1.62, P = .002) and milk intake (β =
−0.05, P = .01) were negatively and maternal weight was
positively associated (β = 0.56, P = .03) with the changes
in RBP4 levels. The GEE models revealed negative association of RBP4 levels
with C-reactive protein (CRP; β = −0.14, P < .05) and
α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP; β = −0.03, P < .05). Conclusion: Children whose mothers were taller experienced less increase in plasma RBP4
level, and children whose mothers had a higher weight experienced more
increase in the RBP4 level from baseline. We have also found that CRP and
AGP levels and intake of whole milk were negatively associated with the
plasma RBP4 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mehedi Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shabab Hossain
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), 56291International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,James P. Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Liu F, Zhang R, Zhang W, Zhu L, Yu Q, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Pan S, Wang Y, Chu C, Hu L, Wang Q, Yu J, Mu J, Wang J. Potassium supplementation blunts the effects of high salt intake on serum retinol-binding protein 4 levels in healthy individuals. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 12:658-663. [PMID: 33460257 PMCID: PMC8015821 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Excessive dietary salt or low potassium intakes are strongly correlated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In epidemiological and experimental studies, increased serum retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4) contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Herein, we hypothesized that RBP4 might be an adipocyte‐derived “signal” that plays the crucial role in salt‐related insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to assess whether salt consumption and potassium supplementation influence serum RBP4 levels in healthy individuals. Materials and Methods A total of 42 participants (aged 25–50 years) in a rural area of Northern China were successively provided normal (3 days at baseline), low‐salt (7 days; 3 g/day NaCl) and high‐salt (7 days; 18 g/day) diets, and a high‐salt diet with potassium additive (7 days; 18 g/day NaCl and 4.5 g/day KCl). Urinary sodium and potassium were measured to ensure compliance to dietary intervention. Then, RBP4 levels were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results High salt intake significantly raised serum RBP4 levels in healthy participants (17.5 ± 0.68 vs 28.6 ± 1.02 µg/mL). This phenomenon was abrogated by potassium supplementation (28.6 ± 1.02 vs 17.6 ± 0.88 µg/mL). In addition, RBP4 levels presented positive (r = 0.528, P < 0.01) and negative (r = −0.506, P < 0.01) associations with 24‐h urinary sodium‐ and potassium excretion levels. Conclusions RBP4 synthesis is motivated by high salt intake and revoked by potassium supplementation. Our pioneer work has contributed to the present understanding of salt‐induced insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Liu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,From the Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ronghuai Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Yu
- From the Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongwei Liu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Chu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Hu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingyu Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiadong Yu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Mu
- From the Cardiovascular Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junkui Wang
- From the Cardiovascular Department, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.,From the Cardiovascular Department, Third Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Han W, Wei H, Kong W, Wang J, Yang L, Wu H. Association between retinol binding protein 4 and diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic patients: a meta-analysis. Acta Diabetol 2020; 57:1203-1218. [PMID: 32405713 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-020-01535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the association between retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wangfang were searched to July 30, 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied to assess the quality of all identified studies, and those qualified were included in the meta-analysis. The Chi squared Q test and I2 statistics were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) among RBP4 within the DR and T2DM without retinopathy (DWR) groups were pooled using the random effects model depending on the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses were conducted among the groups having different diabetes duration, detection methods, body mass index, and total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The funnel plot was used to assess publication bias. RESULTS Nineteen observational studies were included in our meta-analysis. RBP4 was significantly higher in both nonproliferative DR (SMD: 0.72, 95% CI 0.48-0.95, P < 0.00001) and proliferative DR (SMD: 2.68, 95% CI 1.69-3.67, P < 0.00001) groups despite high heterogeneity (I2 = 87 and 97% in DR and PDR groups, respectively). Significant differences were noted among most subgroups (P < 0.05). Among those accompanied by hypercholesterolemia, the association between RBP4 and DR were unclear (P = 0.09). CONCLUSIONS Elevated RBP4 is strongly associated with DR and may play an essential role in its progression. Additional large-scale controlled studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Han
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huagen Wei
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizheng Kong
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqian Yang
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiqun Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China.
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Association between new circulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis 2020; 30:528-535. [PMID: 31464731 PMCID: PMC6791513 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000000778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and risk predictive value of emerging proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipocytokines on coronary artery disease (CAD).
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50
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Is the Retinol-Binding Protein 4 a Possible Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Diseases in Obesity? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155229. [PMID: 32718041 PMCID: PMC7432399 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many preventive and treatment approaches have been proposed, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Current epidemiological data require the specification of new causative factors, as well as the development of improved diagnostic tools to provide better cardiovascular management. Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue among patients suffering from obesity not only constitutes one of the main risk factors of CVD development but also alters adipokines. Increased attention is devoted to bioactive adipokines, which are also produced by the adipose tissue. The retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with numerous CVDs and is presumably associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. With this in mind, exploring the role of RBP4, particularly among patients with obesity, could be a promising direction and could lead to better CVD prevention and management in this patient group. In our review, we summarized the current knowledge about RBP4 and its association with essential aspects of cardiovascular disease—lipid profile, intima-media thickness, atherosclerotic process, and diet. We also discussed the RBP4 gene polymorphisms essential from a cardiovascular perspective.
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