1
|
Meijer T, da Costa Pereira D, Klatt OC, Buitenhuis J, Jennings P, Wilmes A. Characterization of Organic Anion and Cation Transport in Three Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Models. Cells 2024; 13:1008. [PMID: 38920639 PMCID: PMC11202273 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The polarised expression of specific transporters in proximal tubular epithelial cells is important for the renal clearance of many endogenous and exogenous compounds. Thus, ideally, the in vitro tools utilised for predictions would have a similar expression of apical and basolateral xenobiotic transporters as in vivo. Here, we assessed the functionality of organic cation and anion transporters in proximal tubular-like cells (PTL) differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), primary human proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC), and telomerase-immortalised human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC/TERT1). Organic cation and anion transport were studied using the fluorescent substrates 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-N-methylpyridinium iodide (ASP) and 6-carboxyfluorescein (6-CF), respectively. The level and rate of intracellular ASP accumulation in PTL following basolateral application were slightly lower but within a 3-fold range compared to primary PTEC and RPTEC/TERT1 cells. The basolateral uptake of ASP and its subsequent apical efflux could be inhibited by basolateral exposure to quinidine in all models. Of the three models, only PTL showed a modest preferential basolateral-to-apical 6-CF transfer. These results show that organic cation transport could be demonstrated in all three models, but more research is needed to improve and optimise organic anion transporter expression and functionality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Meijer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.M.); (D.d.C.P.); (O.C.K.); (P.J.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel da Costa Pereira
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.M.); (D.d.C.P.); (O.C.K.); (P.J.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivia C. Klatt
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.M.); (D.d.C.P.); (O.C.K.); (P.J.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne Buitenhuis
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.M.); (D.d.C.P.); (O.C.K.); (P.J.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.M.); (D.d.C.P.); (O.C.K.); (P.J.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (T.M.); (D.d.C.P.); (O.C.K.); (P.J.)
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Carta G, van der Stel W, Scuric EWJ, Capinha L, Delp J, Bennekou SH, Forsby A, Walker P, Leist M, van de Water B, Jennings P. Transcriptional landscape of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibition in renal cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:3031-3059. [PMID: 37353587 PMCID: PMC10693540 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of the transcriptomic alterations upon chemical challenge, provides in depth mechanistic information on the compound's toxic mode of action, by revealing specific pathway activation and other transcriptional modulations. Mapping changes in cellular behaviour to chemical insult, facilitates the characterisation of chemical hazard. In this study, we assessed the transcriptional landscape of mitochondrial impairment through the inhibition of the electron transport chain (ETC) in a human renal proximal tubular cell line (RPTEC/TERT1). We identified the unfolded protein response pathway (UPR), particularly the PERK/ATF4 branch as a common cellular response across ETC I, II and III inhibitions. This finding and the specific genes elaborated may aid the identification of mitochondrial liabilities of chemicals in both legacy data and prospective transcriptomic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Emma W J Scuric
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Liliana Capinha
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Delp
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department inaugurated by the Doerenkamp‑Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department inaugurated by the Doerenkamp‑Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Vrije University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Freke GM, Martins T, Davies RJ, Beyer T, Seda M, Peskett E, Haq N, Prasai A, Otto G, Jeyabalan Srikaran J, Hernandez V, Diwan GD, Russell RB, Ueffing M, Huranova M, Boldt K, Beales PL, Jenkins D. De-Suppression of Mesenchymal Cell Identities and Variable Phenotypic Outcomes Associated with Knockout of Bbs1. Cells 2023; 12:2662. [PMID: 37998397 PMCID: PMC10670506 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an archetypal ciliopathy caused by dysfunction of primary cilia. BBS affects multiple tissues, including the kidney, eye and hypothalamic satiety response. Understanding pan-tissue mechanisms of pathogenesis versus those which are tissue-specific, as well as gauging their associated inter-individual variation owing to genetic background and stochastic processes, is of paramount importance in syndromology. The BBSome is a membrane-trafficking and intraflagellar transport (IFT) adaptor protein complex formed by eight BBS proteins, including BBS1, which is the most commonly mutated gene in BBS. To investigate disease pathogenesis, we generated a series of clonal renal collecting duct IMCD3 cell lines carrying defined biallelic nonsense or frameshift mutations in Bbs1, as well as a panel of matching wild-type CRISPR control clones. Using a phenotypic screen and an unbiased multi-omics approach, we note significant clonal variability for all assays, emphasising the importance of analysing panels of genetically defined clones. Our results suggest that BBS1 is required for the suppression of mesenchymal cell identities as the IMCD3 cell passage number increases. This was associated with a failure to express epithelial cell markers and tight junction formation, which was variable amongst clones. Transcriptomic analysis of hypothalamic preparations from BBS mutant mice, as well as BBS patient fibroblasts, suggested that dysregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes is a general predisposing feature of BBS across tissues. Collectively, this work suggests that the dynamic stability of the BBSome is essential for the suppression of mesenchymal cell identities as epithelial cells differentiate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Mercedes Freke
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Tiago Martins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Rosalind Jane Davies
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Tina Beyer
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.B.); (M.U.); (K.B.)
| | - Marian Seda
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Emma Peskett
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Naila Haq
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Avishek Prasai
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic (M.H.)
| | - Georg Otto
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Jeshmi Jeyabalan Srikaran
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Victor Hernandez
- Life Sciences Department, CHMLS, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK;
| | - Gaurav D. Diwan
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.D.D.); (R.B.R.)
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert B. Russell
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 267, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (G.D.D.); (R.B.R.)
- Biochemistry Center (BZH), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 328, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.B.); (M.U.); (K.B.)
| | - Martina Huranova
- Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic (M.H.)
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, Elfriede-Aulhorn-Strasse 7, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (T.B.); (M.U.); (K.B.)
| | - Philip L. Beales
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| | - Dagan Jenkins
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK; (G.M.F.); (T.M.); (M.S.); (E.P.); (N.H.); (G.O.); (J.J.S.); (P.L.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Faucher Q, Chadet S, Humeau A, Sauvage FL, Arnion H, Gatault P, Buchler M, Roger S, Lawson R, Marquet P, Barin-Le Guellec C. Impact of hypoxia and reoxygenation on the extra/intracellular metabolome and on transporter expression in a human kidney proximal tubular cell line. Metabolomics 2023; 19:83. [PMID: 37704888 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) induces several perturbations that alter immediate kidney graft function after transplantation and may affect long-term graft outcomes. Given the IRI-dependent metabolic disturbances previously reported, we hypothesized that proximal transporters handling endo/exogenous substrates may be victims of such lesions. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the impact of hypoxia/reoxygenation on the human proximal transport system through two semi-targeted omics analyses. METHODS Human proximal tubular cells were cultured in hypoxia (6 or 24 h), each followed by 2, 24 or 48-h reoxygenation. We investigated the transcriptomic modulation of transporters. Using semi-targeted LC-MS/MS profiling, we characterized the extra/intracellular metabolome. Statistical modelling was used to identify significant metabolic variations. RESULTS The expression profile of transporters was impacted during hypoxia (y + LAT1 and OCTN2), reoxygenation (MRP2, PEPT1/2, rBAT, and OATP4C1), or in both conditions (P-gp and GLUT1). The P-gp and GLUT1 transcripts increased (FC (fold change) = 2.93 and 4.11, respectively) after 2-h reoxygenation preceded by 24-h hypoxia. We observed a downregulation (FC = 0.42) of y+LAT1 after 24-h hypoxia, and of PEPT2 after 24-h hypoxia followed by 2-h reoxygenation (FC = 0.40). Metabolomics showed that hypoxia altered the energetic pathways. However, intracellular metabolic homeostasis and cellular exchanges were promptly restored after reoxygenation. CONCLUSION This study provides insight into the transcriptomic response of the tubular transporters to hypoxia/reoxygenation. No correlation was found between the expression of transporters and the metabolic variations observed. Given the complexity of studying the global tubular transport systems, we propose that further studies focus on targeted transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Faucher
- U1248 Pharmacology & Transplantation, INSERM and Univ. Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Univ. Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Humeau
- U1248 Pharmacology & Transplantation, INSERM and Univ. Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | | | - Hélène Arnion
- U1248 Pharmacology & Transplantation, INSERM and Univ. Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Philippe Gatault
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Univ. Tours, 37000, Tours, France
- Nephrology and Immunology Department, Bretonneau Hospital, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Matthias Buchler
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Univ. Tours, 37000, Tours, France
- Nephrology and Immunology Department, Bretonneau Hospital, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245, Transplantation, Immunologie, Inflammation, Univ. Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| | - Roland Lawson
- U1248 Pharmacology & Transplantation, INSERM and Univ. Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Pierre Marquet
- U1248 Pharmacology & Transplantation, INSERM and Univ. Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France.
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacovigilance, University Hospital of Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France.
| | - Chantal Barin-Le Guellec
- U1248 Pharmacology & Transplantation, INSERM and Univ. Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, CHRU de Tours, 37000, Tours, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Capinha L, Jennings P, Commandeur JNM. Exposure to Cis- and Trans-regioisomers of S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine and S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione result in quantitatively and qualitatively different cellular effects in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Toxicol Lett 2023:S0378-4274(23)00205-9. [PMID: 37353095 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivation of trichloroethylene (TCE) via glutathione conjugation is associated with several adverse effects in the kidney and other extrahepatic tissues. Of the three regioisomeric conjugates formed, S-(1,2-trans-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione (1,2-trans-DCVG), S-(1,2-cis-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione and S-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-glutathione, only 1,2-trans-DCVG and its corresponding cysteine-conjugate, 1,2-trans-DCVC, have been subject to extensive mechanistic studies. In the present study, the metabolism and cellular effects of 1,2-cis-DCVG, the major regioisomer formed by rat liver fractions, and 1,2-cis-DCVC were investigated for the first time using RPTEC/TERT1-cells as in vitro renal model. In contrast to 1,2-trans-DCVG/C, the cis-regioisomers showed minimal effects on cell viability and mitochondrial respiration. Transcriptomics analysis showed that both 1,2-cis-DCVC and 1,2-trans-DCVC caused Nrf2-mediated antioxidant responses, with 3µM as lowest effective concentration. An ATF4-mediated integrated stress response and p53-mediated responses were observed starting from 30µM for 1,2-trans-DCVC and 125µM for 1,2-cis-DCVC. Comparison of the metabolism of the DCVG regioisomers by LC/MS showed comparable rates of processing to their corresponding DCVC. No detectable N-acetylation was observed in RPTEC/TERT1 cells. Instead, N-glutamylation of DCVC to form N-γ-glutamyl-S-(dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine was identified as a novel route of metabolism. The results suggest that 1,2-cis-DCVC may be of less toxicological concern for humans than 1,2-trans-DCVC, considering its lower intrinsic toxicity and lower rate of formation by human liver fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Capinha
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan N M Commandeur
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ran L, Gao Z, Chen Q, Ran Y, Duan N, Hu G, Lu X, Xia R, Li Q, Cui F, Liu X, Xue B. Improving effects of telmisartan on spermatogenic disorder induced by fractionated low-dose irradiation in mice. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:1427-1439. [PMID: 37093439 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male infertility is a hot problem worldwide, but there are few treatments, especially male infertility caused by irradiation is difficult to treat. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate novel drugs for the treatment of male infertility caused by irradiation. METHODS we randomly divided 18 male BALB/c mice into 3 groups: control, irradiated, and telmisartan. Both irradiated and telmisartan group completed whole-body 0.5 Gy five times irradiation, and the telmisartan group received intraperitoneal injection of telmisartan (1.2 mg/kg) daily on the next day after irradiation, and all groups were sampled on day 25 after irradiation. RESULTS Sperm motility results show that total sperm motility of irradiated group was significantly lower compared with control group, and testicular HE results showed that testis in irradiated group were severely damaged. Compared with irradiated group, the total sperm motility, sperm concentration, testicular index, Johnsen score, and the seminiferous tubule layer numbers were higher in telmisartan group (P < 0.05). The immunohistochemical staining showed γ-H2AX expression is higher in telmisartan group compared with irradiated group. And the relative mRNA expression of PLZF, GFRA1, STRA8, DMRT1, SPO11, SYCP2, OVOL2, CCNA1, TJP3, RUNX2, TXNDC2 TNP1, and PRM3 in telmisartan group was all significantly higher than irradiated group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION In conclusion, in vivo experiments confirmed that telmisartan ameliorated the spermatogenic disorder in mice caused by fractionated low-dose irradiation via promoting spermatogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiang Ran
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhixiang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanshuai Ran
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nengliang Duan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangmo Hu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renlan Xia
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jung HJ, Coleman R, Woodward OM, Welling PA. Doxycycline Changes the Transcriptome Profile of mIMCD3 Renal Epithelial Cells. Front Physiol 2021; 12:771691. [PMID: 34803745 PMCID: PMC8602682 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.771691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracycline-inducible gene expression systems have been used successfully to study gene function in vivo and in vitro renal epithelial models but the effects of the common inducing agent, doxycycline (DOX), on gene expression are not well appreciated. Here, we evaluated the DOX effects on the transcriptome of a widely used renal epithelial cell model, mIMCD3 cells, to establish a reference. Cells were grown on permeable filter supports in the absence and presence of DOX (3 or 6 days), and genome-wide transcriptome profiles were assessed using RNA-Seq. We found DOX significantly altered the transcriptome profile, changing the abundance of 1,549 transcripts at 3 days and 2,643 transcripts at 6 days. Within 3 days of treatment, DOX significantly decreased the expression of multiple signaling pathways (ERK, cAMP, and Notch) that are associated with cell proliferation and differentiation. Genes associated with cell cycle progression were subsequently downregulated in cells treated with DOX for 6 days, as were genes involved in cellular immune response processes and several cytokines and chemokines, correlating with a remarkable repression of genes encoding cell proliferation markers. The results provide new insight into responses of renal epithelial cells to DOX and a establish a resource for DOX-mediated gene expression systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Jung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard Coleman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Owen M Woodward
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul A Welling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Escher SE, Aguayo-Orozco A, Benfenati E, Bitsch A, Braunbeck T, Brotzmann K, Bois F, van der Burg B, Castel J, Exner T, Gadaleta D, Gardner I, Goldmann D, Hatley O, Golbamaki N, Graepel R, Jennings P, Limonciel A, Long A, Maclennan R, Mombelli E, Norinder U, Jain S, Capinha LS, Taboureau OT, Tolosa L, Vrijenhoek NG, van Vugt-Lussenburg BMA, Walker P, van de Water B, Wehr M, White A, Zdrazil B, Fisher C. A read-across case study on chronic toxicity of branched carboxylic acids (1): Integration of mechanistic evidence from new approach methodologies (NAMs) to explore a common mode of action. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105269. [PMID: 34757180 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This read-across case study characterises thirteen, structurally similar carboxylic acids demonstrating the application of in vitro and in silico human-based new approach methods, to determine biological similarity. Based on data from in vivo animal studies, the read-across hypothesis is that all analogues are steatotic and so should be considered hazardous. Transcriptomic analysis to determine differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hepatocytes served as first tier testing to confirm a common mode-of-action and identify differences in the potency of the analogues. An adverse outcome pathway (AOP) network for hepatic steatosis, informed the design of an in vitro testing battery, targeting AOP relevant MIEs and KEs, and Dempster-Shafer decision theory was used to systematically quantify uncertainty and to define the minimal testing scope. The case study shows that the read-across hypothesis is the critical core to designing a robust, NAM-based testing strategy. By summarising the current mechanistic understanding, an AOP enables the selection of NAMs covering MIEs, early KEs, and late KEs. Experimental coverage of the AOP in this way is vital since MIEs and early KEs alone are not confirmatory of progression to the AO. This strategy exemplifies the workflow previously published by the EUTOXRISK project driving a paradigm shift towards NAM-based NGRA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia E Escher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Germany.
| | | | - Emilio Benfenati
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Annette Bitsch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Brotzmann
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Group, Center for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederic Bois
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jose Castel
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Domenico Gadaleta
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Milano, Italy
| | - Iain Gardner
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Daria Goldmann
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Hatley
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rabea Graepel
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sankalp Jain
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Laia Tolosa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nanette G Vrijenhoek
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Bob van de Water
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Wehr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Germany
| | - Andrew White
- Unilever Safety and Environmental Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ciarán Fisher
- Certara UK Ltd, Simcyp Division, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Faria J, Gerritsen KGF, Nguyen TQ, Mihaila SM, Masereeuw R. Diabetic proximal tubulopathy: Can we mimic the disease for in vitro screening of SGLT inhibitors? Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 908:174378. [PMID: 34303664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the foremost cause of renal failure. While the glomeruli are severely affected in the course of the disease, the main determinant for disease progression is the tubulointerstitial compartment. DKD does not develop in the absence of hyperglycemia. Since the proximal tubule is the major player in glucose reabsorption, it has been widely studied as a therapeutic target for the development of new therapies. Currently, there are several proximal tubule cell lines available, being the human kidney-2 (HK-2) and human kidney clone-8 (HKC-8) cell lines the ones widely used for studying mechanisms of DKD. Studies in these models have pushed forward the understanding on how DKD unravels, however, these cell culture models possess limitations that hamper research, including lack of transporters and dedifferentiation. The sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLT) are identified as key players in glucose reabsorption and pharmacological inhibitors have shown to be beneficial for the long-term clinical outcome in DKD. However, their mechanism of action has, as of yet, not been fully elucidated. To comprehend the protective effects of SGLT inhibitors, it is essential to understand the complete functional, structural, and molecular features of the disease, which until now have been difficult to recapitulate. This review addresses the molecular events of diabetic proximal tubulopathy. In addition, we evaluate the protective role of SGLT inhibitors in cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and provide an overview of various in vitro models mimicking diabetic proximal tubulopathy used so far. Finally, new insights on advanced in vitro systems to surpass past limitations are postulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Faria
- Div. Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Karin G F Gerritsen
- Dept. Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tri Q Nguyen
- Dept. Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Silvia M Mihaila
- Div. Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Dept. Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosalinde Masereeuw
- Div. Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
PBRM1 loss in kidney cancer unbalances the proximal tubule master transcription factor hub to repress proximal tubule differentiation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109747. [PMID: 34551289 PMCID: PMC8561673 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PBRM1, a subunit of the PBAF coactivator complex that transcription factors use to activate target genes, is genetically inactivated in almost all clear cell renal cell cancers (RCCs). Using unbiased proteomic analyses, we find that PAX8, a master transcription factor driver of proximal tubule epithelial fates, recruits PBRM1/PBAF. Reverse analyses of the PAX8 interactome confirm recruitment specifically of PBRM1/PBAF and not functionally similar BAF. More conspicuous in the PAX8 hub in RCC cells, however, are corepressors, which functionally oppose coactivators. Accordingly, key PAX8 target genes are repressed in RCC versus normal kidneys, with the loss of histone lysine-27 acetylation, but intact lysine-4 trimethylation, activation marks. Re-introduction of PBRM1, or depletion of opposing corepressors using siRNA or drugs, redress coregulator imbalance and release RCC cells to terminal epithelial fates. These mechanisms thus explain RCC resemblance to the proximal tubule lineage but with suppression of the late-epithelial program that normally terminates lineage-precursor proliferation. Gu et al. identify that transcription factor PAX8 needs the PBRM1/PBAF coactivator to activate proximal tubule genes. PBRM1 mutation/deletion thus explains the resemblance of clear cell kidney cancer to proximal tubule tissue but with suppressed terminal epithelial markers. This oncogenic mechanism could be repaired using drugs to inhibit corepressors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chandrasekaran V, Carta G, da Costa Pereira D, Gupta R, Murphy C, Feifel E, Kern G, Lechner J, Cavallo AL, Gupta S, Caiment F, Kleinjans JCS, Gstraunthaler G, Jennings P, Wilmes A. Generation and characterization of iPSC-derived renal proximal tubule-like cells with extended stability. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11575. [PMID: 34078926 PMCID: PMC8172841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The renal proximal tubule is responsible for re-absorption of the majority of the glomerular filtrate and its proper function is necessary for whole-body homeostasis. Aging, certain diseases and chemical-induced toxicity are factors that contribute to proximal tubule injury and chronic kidney disease progression. To better understand these processes, it would be advantageous to generate renal tissues from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Here, we report the differentiation and characterization of iPSC lines into proximal tubular-like cells (PTL). The protocol is a step wise exposure of small molecules and growth factors, including the GSK3 inhibitor (CHIR99021), the retinoic acid receptor activator (TTNPB), FGF9 and EGF, to drive iPSC to PTL via cell stages representing characteristics of early stages of renal development. Genome-wide RNA sequencing showed that PTL clustered within a kidney phenotype. PTL expressed proximal tubular-specific markers, including megalin (LRP2), showed a polarized phenotype, and were responsive to parathyroid hormone. PTL could take up albumin and exhibited ABCB1 transport activity. The phenotype was stable for up to 7 days and was maintained after passaging. This protocol will form the basis of an optimized strategy for molecular investigations using iPSC derived PTL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Chandrasekaran
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel da Costa Pereira
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rajinder Gupta
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Cormac Murphy
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Feifel
- Institute of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Georg Kern
- Institute of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Lechner
- Institute of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Florian Caiment
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, School of Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Gstraunthaler
- Institute of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081, HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sebastián I, Okura N, Humbel BM, Xu J, Hermawan I, Matsuura C, Hall M, Takayama C, Yamashiro T, Nakamura S, Toma C. Disassembly of the apical junctional complex during the transmigration of Leptospira interrogans across polarized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13343. [PMID: 33864347 PMCID: PMC8459228 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens have evolved multiple strategies to disassemble epithelial cell apical junctional complexes (AJCs) and infect epithelial cells. Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonotic infection, mainly caused by Leptospira interrogans, and its dissemination across host cell barriers is essential for its pathogenesis. However, the mechanism of bacterial dissemination across epithelial cell barriers remains poorly characterised. In this study, we analysed the interaction of L. interrogans with renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (RPTECs) and found that at 24 hr post‐infection, L. interrogans remain in close contact with the plasma membrane of the RPTEC by extracellularly adhering or crawling. Leptospira interrogans cleaved E‐cadherin and induced its endocytosis with release of the soluble N‐terminal fragment into the extracellular medium. Concomitantly, a gradual decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), mislocalisation of AJC proteins (occludin, claudin‐10, ZO‐1, and cingulin) and cytoskeletal rearrangement were observed. Inhibition of clathrin‐mediated E‐cadherin endocytosis prevented the decrease in TEER. We showed that disassembly of AJCs in epithelial cells and transmigration of bacteria through the paracellular route are important for the dissemination of L. interrogans in the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Sebastián
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okura
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Microscopy Center, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Idam Hermawan
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Matsuura
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Malgorzata Hall
- Imaging Section, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Chitoshi Takayama
- Department of Molecular Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsu Yamashiro
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Claudia Toma
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ultimate Precision: Targeting Cancer But Not Normal Self-Replication. Lung Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74028-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
14
|
Saib S, Hodin S, He Z, Delézay O, Delavenne X. Is the human model RPTEC/TERT1 a relevant model for assessing renal drug efflux? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:732-743. [PMID: 33185296 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Active tubular secretion plays a major role in renal excretion of drugs thanks to the presence of many membrane transporters such as ABC transporters. These proteins facilitate drug transfer into the urine and could be a source of pharmacokinetic variabilities. Up to now, several human in vitro models of proximal tubule have been proposed but few of them have been characterized for predicting drugs renal efflux. The aim of this study was to determine whether the human model RPTEC/TERT1 meets all the criteria expected of a good model to assess renal drug transport. First, in vitro barrier properties were investigated. Then, the expression of several ABC transporters was assessed by immunofluorescence and relative quantification by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in comparison to the MDCK model. Finally, bidirectional transport studies were performed to evaluate the functionality of transporters and the abilities of model to discriminate several drugs. The RPTEC/TERT1 model formed a tight structure (192 Ω.cm2 ) that was confirmed by paracellular permeability assays. Proteomic analysis and immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of several ABC transporters. Then, only the functionality of P-gp was confirmed by the active efflux of apixaban in this study. In addition, the RPTEC/TERT1 model presents the key criteria of a renal barrier and expresses several ABC transporters. Nevertheless, the BCRP and MRP's functionality was not confirmed and further investigations are required to valid this model as in vitro model for assessing renal drug efflux.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Saib
- Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, INSERM U1059, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sophie Hodin
- Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, INSERM U1059, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Laboratoire de Biologie, d'Ingénierie et d'Imagerie de la Greffe de Cornée, BiiGC, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Olivier Delézay
- Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, INSERM U1059, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xavier Delavenne
- Dysfonction Vasculaire et Hémostase, INSERM U1059, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Laboratoire de Pharmacologie Toxicologie Gaz du sang, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
van der Stel W, Carta G, Eakins J, Darici S, Delp J, Forsby A, Bennekou SH, Gardner I, Leist M, Danen EHJ, Walker P, van de Water B, Jennings P. Multiparametric assessment of mitochondrial respiratory inhibition in HepG2 and RPTEC/TERT1 cells using a panel of mitochondrial targeting agrochemicals. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2707-2729. [PMID: 32607615 PMCID: PMC7395062 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is mounting for the central role of mitochondrial dysfunction in several pathologies including metabolic diseases, accelerated ageing, neurodegenerative diseases and in certain xenobiotic-induced organ toxicity. Assessing mitochondrial perturbations is not trivial and the outcomes of such investigations are dependent on the cell types used and assays employed. Here we systematically investigated the effect of electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors on multiple mitochondrial-related parameters in two human cell types, HepG2 and RPTEC/TERT1. Cells were exposed to a broad range of concentrations of 20 ETC-inhibiting agrochemicals and capsaicin, consisting of inhibitors of NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I, CI), succinate dehydrogenase (Complex II, CII) and cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III, CIII). A battery of tests was utilised, including viability assays, lactate production, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the Seahorse bioanalyser, which simultaneously measures extracellular acidification rate [ECAR] and oxygen consumption rate [OCR]. CI inhibitors caused a potent decrease in OCR, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased ECAR and increased lactate production in both cell types. Twenty-fourhour exposure to CI inhibitors decreased viability of RPTEC/TERT1 cells and 3D spheroid-cultured HepG2 cells in the presence of glucose. CI inhibitors decreased 2D HepG2 viability only in the absence of glucose. CII inhibitors had no notable effects in intact cells up to 10 µM. CIII inhibitors had similar effects to the CI inhibitors. Antimycin A was the most potent CIII inhibitor, with activity in the nanomolar range. The proposed CIII inhibitor cyazofamid demonstrated a mitochondrial uncoupling signal in both cell types. The study presents a comprehensive example of a mitochondrial assessment workflow and establishes measurable key events of ETC inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
Boelelaan, 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Eakins
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Salihanur Darici
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Forsby
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De
Boelelaan, 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
The EU-ToxRisk method documentation, data processing and chemical testing pipeline for the regulatory use of new approach methods. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2435-2461. [PMID: 32632539 PMCID: PMC7367925 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hazard assessment, based on new approach methods (NAM), requires the use of batteries of assays, where individual tests may be contributed by different laboratories. A unified strategy for such collaborative testing is presented. It details all procedures required to allow test information to be usable for integrated hazard assessment, strategic project decisions and/or for regulatory purposes. The EU-ToxRisk project developed a strategy to provide regulatorily valid data, and exemplified this using a panel of > 20 assays (with > 50 individual endpoints), each exposed to 19 well-known test compounds (e.g. rotenone, colchicine, mercury, paracetamol, rifampicine, paraquat, taxol). Examples of strategy implementation are provided for all aspects required to ensure data validity: (i) documentation of test methods in a publicly accessible database; (ii) deposition of standard operating procedures (SOP) at the European Union DB-ALM repository; (iii) test readiness scoring accoding to defined criteria; (iv) disclosure of the pipeline for data processing; (v) link of uncertainty measures and metadata to the data; (vi) definition of test chemicals, their handling and their behavior in test media; (vii) specification of the test purpose and overall evaluation plans. Moreover, data generation was exemplified by providing results from 25 reporter assays. A complete evaluation of the entire test battery will be described elsewhere. A major learning from the retrospective analysis of this large testing project was the need for thorough definitions of the above strategy aspects, ideally in form of a study pre-registration, to allow adequate interpretation of the data and to ensure overall scientific/toxicological validity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Interdigitated aluminium and titanium sensors for assessing epithelial barrier functionality by electric cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS). Biomed Microdevices 2020; 22:30. [PMID: 32328801 PMCID: PMC7181462 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-020-00486-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Electric cell-substrate impedance spectroscopy (ECIS) enables non-invasive and continuous read-out of electrical parameters of living tissue. The aim of the current study was to investigate the performance of interdigitated sensors with 50 μm electrode width and 50 μm inter-electrode distance made of gold, aluminium, and titanium for monitoring the barrier properties of epithelial cells in tissue culture. At first, the measurement performance of the photolithographic fabricated sensors was characterized by defined reference electrolytes. The sensors were used to monitor the electrical properties of two adherent epithelial barrier tissue models: renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells, representing a normal functional transporting epithelium, and human cervical cancer-derived HeLa cells, forming non-transporting cancerous epithelial tissue. Then, the impedance spectra obtained were analysed by numerically fitting the parameters of the two different models to the measured impedance spectrum. Aluminium sensors proved to be as sensitive and consistent in repeated online-recordings for continuous cell growth and differentiation monitoring as sensors made of gold, the standard electrode material. Titanium electrodes exhibited an elevated intrinsic ohmic resistance in comparison to gold reflecting its lower electric conductivity. Analysis of impedance spectra through applying models and numerical data fitting enabled the detailed investigation of the development and properties of a functional transporting epithelial tissue using either gold or aluminium sensors. The result of the data obtained, supports the consideration of aluminium and titanium sensor materials as potential alternatives to gold sensors for advanced application of ECIS spectroscopy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Islam MN, Griffin TP, Sander E, Rocks S, Qazi J, Cabral J, McCaul J, McMorrow T, Griffin MD. Human mesenchymal stromal cells broadly modulate high glucose-induced inflammatory responses of renal proximal tubular cell monolayers. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:329. [PMID: 31744554 PMCID: PMC6862760 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTEC) are dysfunctional in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may modulate DKD pathogenesis through anti-inflammatory mediators. This study aimed to investigate the pro-inflammatory effect of extended exposure to high glucose (HG) concentration on stable RPTEC monolayers and the influence of MSC on this response. METHODS Morphologically stable human RPTEC/TERT1 cell monolayers were exposed to 5 mM and 30 mM (HG) D-glucose or to 5 mM D-glucose + 25 mM D-mannitol (MAN) for 5 days with sequential immunoassays of supernatants and end-point transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing. Under the same conditions, MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) or MSC-containing transwells were added for days 4-5. Effects of CM from HG- and MAN-exposed RPTEC/MSC co-cultures on cytokine secretion by monocyte-derived macrophages were determined. RESULTS After 72-80 h, HG resulted in increased RPTEC/TERT1 release of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). The HG pro-inflammatory effect was attenuated by concentrated (10×) MSC-CM and, to a greater extent, by MSC transwell co-culture. Bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing data confirmed a predominant effect of HG on inflammation-related mediators and biological processes/KEGG pathways in RPTEC/TERT1 stable monolayers as well as the non-contact-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of MSC. Finally, CM from HG-exposed RPTEC/MSC transwell co-cultures was associated with attenuated secretion of inflammatory mediators by macrophages compared to CM from HG-stimulated RPTEC alone. CONCLUSIONS Stable RPTEC monolayers demonstrate delayed pro-inflammatory response to HG that is attenuated by close proximity to human MSC. In DKD, this MSC effect has potential to modulate hyperglycemia-associated RPTEC/macrophage cross-talk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Nahidul Islam
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Tomás P Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Sander
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Stephanie Rocks
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Junaid Qazi
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Joana Cabral
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Jasmin McCaul
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tara McMorrow
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI) at CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, REMEDI, Biomedical Sciences, Corrib Village, Dangan, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zgheib E, Gao W, Limonciel A, Aladjov H, Yang H, Tebby C, Gayraud G, Jennings P, Sachana M, Beltman JB, Bois FY. Application of three approaches for quantitative AOP development to renal toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Bastek H, Zubel T, Stemmer K, Mangerich A, Beneke S, Dietrich DR. Comparison of Aristolochic acid I derived DNA adduct levels in human renal toxicity models. Toxicology 2019; 420:29-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
21
|
Wieser M, Francisci T, Lackner D, Buerckstuemmer T, Wasner K, Eilenberg W, Stift A, Wahrmann M, Böhmig GA, Grillari J, Grillari-Voglauer R. CD46 knock-out using CRISPR/Cas9 editing of hTERT immortalized human cells modulates complement activation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214514. [PMID: 30958843 PMCID: PMC6453361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is especially sensitive to diseases associated with overactivation of the complement system. While most of these diseases affect kidney glomeruli and the microvasculature, there is also evidence for tubulointerstitial deposition of complement factors. Complement inactivating factors on cell membranes comprise CD55, CD59 and CD46, which is also termed membrane cofactor protein (MCP). CD46 has been described as localized to glomeruli, but especially also to proximal tubular epithelial cells (RPTECs). However, human cell culture models to assess CD46 function on RPTECs are still missing. Therefore, we here performed gene editing of RPTEC/TERT1 cells generating a monoclonal CD46-/- cell line that did not show changes of the primary cell like characteristics. In addition, factor I and CD46-mediated cleavage of C4b into soluble C4c and membrane deposited C4d was clearly reduced in the knock-out cell line as compared to the maternal cells. Thus, human CD46-/- proximal tubular epithelial cells will be of interest to dissect the roles of the epithelium and the kidney in various complement activation mediated tubulointerstitial pathologies or in studying CD46 mediated uropathogenic internalization of bacteria. In addition, this gives proof-of-principle, that telomerized cells can be used in the generation of knock-out, knock-in or any kind of reporter cell lines without losing the primary cell characteristics of the maternal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kamilla Wasner
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolf Eilenberg
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anton Stift
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Wahrmann
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg A. Böhmig
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Regina Grillari-Voglauer
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, BOKU Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
A contactless label-free method using a diamagnetophoretic ink to rapidly print three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-free multicellular structures is described. The inks consist of MCF-7 cells that are suspended in a culture medium to which a paramagnetic salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium (III) dihydrogen salt hydrate (Gd-DTPA), is added. When a magnetic field is applied, the host fluid containing the paramagnetic salt is attracted towards regions of high magnetic field gradient, displacing the ink towards regions with a low gradient. Using this method, 3D structures are printed on ultra-low attachment (ULA) surfaces. On a tissue culture treated (TCT) surface, a 3D printed spheroid coexists with a two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer, where the composite is termed as a 2.5D structure. The 3D structures can be magnetically printed within 6 hours in a medium containing 25 mM Gd-DTPA. The influence of the paramagnetic salt on MCF-7 cell viability, cell morphology, and ability of cells to adhere to each other to stabilize the printed structures on both ULA and TCT surfaces is investigated. Gene expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) allow comparison of the relative stresses for the printed 3D and 2.5D cell geometries with those for 3D spheroids formed without magnetic assistance. This magnetic printing method can be potentially scaled to a higher throughput to rapidly print cells into 3D heterogeneous cell structures with variable geometries with repeatable dimensions for applications such as tissue engineering and tumour formation for drug discovery.
Collapse
|
23
|
Mishriki S, Abdel Fattah AR, Kammann T, Sahu RP, Geng F, Puri IK. Rapid Magnetic 3D Printing of Cellular Structures with MCF-7 Cell Inks. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2019; 2019:9854593. [PMID: 31549098 PMCID: PMC6750075 DOI: 10.34133/2019/9854593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A contactless label-free method using a diamagnetophoretic ink to rapidly print three-dimensional (3D) scaffold-free multicellular structures is described. The inks consist of MCF-7 cells that are suspended in a culture medium to which a paramagnetic salt, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium (III) dihydrogen salt hydrate (Gd-DTPA), is added. When a magnetic field is applied, the host fluid containing the paramagnetic salt is attracted towards regions of high magnetic field gradient, displacing the ink towards regions with a low gradient. Using this method, 3D structures are printed on ultra-low attachment (ULA) surfaces. On a tissue culture treated (TCT) surface, a 3D printed spheroid coexists with a two-dimensional (2D) cell monolayer, where the composite is termed as a 2.5D structure. The 3D structures can be magnetically printed within 6 hours in a medium containing 25 mM Gd-DTPA. The influence of the paramagnetic salt on MCF-7 cell viability, cell morphology, and ability of cells to adhere to each other to stabilize the printed structures on both ULA and TCT surfaces is investigated. Gene expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) allow comparison of the relative stresses for the printed 3D and 2.5D cell geometries with those for 3D spheroids formed without magnetic assistance. This magnetic printing method can be potentially scaled to a higher throughput to rapidly print cells into 3D heterogeneous cell structures with variable geometries with repeatable dimensions for applications such as tissue engineering and tumour formation for drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Mishriki
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - A. R. Abdel Fattah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T. Kammann
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Germany
| | - R. P. Sahu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - F. Geng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - I. K. Puri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Donato L, Scimone C, Nicocia G, D'Angelo R, Sidoti A. Role of oxidative stress in Retinitis pigmentosa: new involved pathways by an RNA-Seq analysis. Cell Cycle 2018; 18:84-104. [PMID: 30569795 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1558873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a very heterogeneous inherited ocular disorder group characterized by progressive retinal disruption. Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) degeneration, due to oxidative stress which arrests the metabolic support to photoreceptors, represents one of the principal causes of RP. Here, the role of oxidative stress in RP onset and progression was analyzed by a comparative whole transcriptome analysis of human RPE cells, treated with 100 µg/ml of oxLDL and untreated, at different time points. Experiment was thrice repeated and performed on Ion ProtonTM sequencing system. Data analysis, including low quality reads trimming and gene expression quantification, was realized by CLC Genomics Workbench software. The whole analysis highlighted 14 clustered "macro-pathways" and many sub-pathways, classified by selection of 5271 genes showing the highest alteration of expression. Among them, 23 genes were already known to be RP causative ones (15 over-expressed and 8 down-expressed), and their enrichment and intersection analyses highlighted new 77 candidate related genes (49 over-expressed and 28 down-expressed). A final filtering analysis then highlighted 29 proposed candidate genes. This data suggests that many new genes, not yet associated with RP, could influence its etiopathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,b Department of Cutting-Edge Medicine and Therapies, Biomolecular Strategies and Neuroscience, Section of Applied Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics and Predictive Medicine , I.E.ME.S.T. ., Palermo , Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,b Department of Cutting-Edge Medicine and Therapies, Biomolecular Strategies and Neuroscience, Section of Applied Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics and Predictive Medicine , I.E.ME.S.T. ., Palermo , Italy
| | - Giacomo Nicocia
- c Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Rosalia D'Angelo
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,b Department of Cutting-Edge Medicine and Therapies, Biomolecular Strategies and Neuroscience, Section of Applied Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics and Predictive Medicine , I.E.ME.S.T. ., Palermo , Italy
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- a Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine , University of Messina , Messina , Italy.,b Department of Cutting-Edge Medicine and Therapies, Biomolecular Strategies and Neuroscience, Section of Applied Neuroscience, Molecular Genetics and Predictive Medicine , I.E.ME.S.T. ., Palermo , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Limonciel A, van Breda SG, Jiang X, Tredwell GD, Wilmes A, Aschauer L, Siskos AP, Sachinidis A, Keun HC, Kopp-Schneider A, de Kok TM, Kleinjans JCS, Jennings P. Persistence of Epigenomic Effects After Recovery From Repeated Treatment With Two Nephrocarcinogens. Front Genet 2018; 9:558. [PMID: 30559759 PMCID: PMC6286959 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the epigenetic regulation of transcription has provided a new source of mechanistic understanding to long lasting effects of chemicals. However, this information is still seldom exploited in a toxicological context and studies of chemical effect after washout remain rare. Here we studied the effects of two nephrocarcinogens on the human proximal tubule cell line RPTEC/TERT1 using high-content mRNA microarrays coupled with miRNA, histone acetylation (HA) and DNA methylation (DM) arrays and metabolomics during a 5-day repeat-dose exposure and 3 days after washout. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A (OTA) was chosen as a model compound for its known impact on HA and DM. The foremost effect observed was the modulation of thousands of mRNAs and histones by OTA during and after exposure. In comparison, the oxidant potassium bromate (KBrO3) had a milder impact on gene expression and epigenetics. However, there was no strong correlation between epigenetic modifications and mRNA changes with OTA while with KBrO3 the gene expression data correlated better with HA for both up- and down-regulated genes. Even when focusing on the genes with persistent epigenetic modifications after washout, only half were coupled to matching changes in gene expression induced by OTA, suggesting that while OTA causes a major effect on the two epigenetic mechanisms studied, these alone cannot explain its impact on gene expression. Mechanistic analysis confirmed the known activation of Nrf2 and p53 by KBrO3, while OTA inhibited most of the same genes, and genes involved in the unfolded protein response. A few miRNAs could be linked to these effects of OTA, albeit without clear contribution of epigenetics to the modulation of the pathways at large. Metabolomics revealed disturbances in amino acid balance, energy catabolism, nucleotide metabolism and polyamine metabolism with both chemicals. In conclusion, the large impact of OTA on transcription was confirmed at the mRNA level but also with two high-content epigenomic methodologies. Transcriptomic data confirmed the previously reported activation (by KBrO3) and inhibition (by OTA) of protective pathways. However, the integration of omic datasets suggested that HA and DM were not driving forces in the gene expression changes induced by either chemical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Limonciel
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Simone G van Breda
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Xiaoqi Jiang
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gregory D Tredwell
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lydia Aschauer
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Brookes Innovation Hub, Orbit Discovery, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandros P Siskos
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne (UKK), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hector C Keun
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Theo M de Kok
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jos C S Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, GROW-School for Oncology and Development Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Velcheti V, Schrump D, Saunthararajah Y. Ultimate Precision: Targeting Cancer but Not Normal Self-replication. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2018; 38:950-963. [PMID: 30231326 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_199753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Self-replication is the engine that drives all biologic evolution, including neoplastic evolution. A key oncotherapy challenge is to target this, the heart of malignancy, while sparing the normal self-replication mandatory for health and life. Self-replication can be demystified: it is activation of replication, the most ancient of cell programs, uncoupled from activation of lineage-differentiation, metazoan programs more recent in origin. The uncoupling can be physiologic, as in normal tissue stem cells, or pathologic, as in cancer. Neoplastic evolution selects to disengage replication from forward-differentiation where intrinsic replication rates are the highest, in committed progenitors that have division times measured in hours versus weeks for tissue stem cells, via partial loss of function in master transcription factors that activate terminal-differentiation programs (e.g., GATA4) or in the coactivators they use for this purpose (e.g., ARID1A). These loss-of-function mutations bias master transcription factor circuits, which normally regulate corepressor versus coactivator recruitment, toward corepressors (e.g., DNMT1) that repress rather than activate terminal-differentiation genes. Pharmacologic inhibition of the corepressors rebalances to coactivator function, activating lineage-differentiation genes that dominantly antagonize MYC (the master transcription factor coordinator of replication) to terminate malignant self-replication. Physiologic self-replication continues, because the master transcription factors in tissue stem cells activate stem cell, not terminal-differentiation, programs. Druggable corepressor proteins are thus the barriers between self-replicating cancer cells and the terminal-differentiation fates intended by their master transcription factor content. This final common pathway to oncogenic self-replication, being separate and distinct from the normal, offers the favorable therapeutic indices needed for clinical progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vamsidhar Velcheti
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - David Schrump
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- From the Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Limonciel A, Ates G, Carta G, Wilmes A, Watzele M, Shepard PJ, VanSteenhouse HC, Seligmann B, Yeakley JM, van de Water B, Vinken M, Jennings P. Comparison of base-line and chemical-induced transcriptomic responses in HepaRG and RPTEC/TERT1 cells using TempO-Seq. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:2517-2531. [PMID: 30008028 PMCID: PMC6063331 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The utilisation of genome-wide transcriptomics has played a pivotal role in advancing the field of toxicology, allowing the mapping of transcriptional signatures to chemical exposures. These activities have uncovered several transcriptionally regulated pathways that can be utilised for assessing the perturbation impact of a chemical and also the identification of toxic mode of action. However, current transcriptomic platforms are not very amenable to high-throughput workflows due to, high cost, complexities in sample preparation and relatively complex bioinformatic analysis. Thus, transcriptomic investigations are usually limited in dose and time dimensions and are, therefore, not optimal for implementation in risk assessment workflows. In this study, we investigated a new cost-effective, transcriptomic assay, TempO-Seq, which alleviates the aforementioned limitations. This technique was evaluated in a 6-compound screen, utilising differentiated kidney (RPTEC/TERT1) and liver (HepaRG) cells and compared to non-transcriptomic label-free sensitive endpoints of chemical-induced disturbances, namely phase contrast morphology, xCELLigence and glycolysis. Non-proliferating cell monolayers were exposed to six sub-lethal concentrations of each compound for 24 h. The results show that utilising a 2839 gene panel, it is possible to discriminate basal tissue-specific signatures, generate dose-response relationships and to discriminate compound-specific and cell type-specific responses. This study also reiterates previous findings that chemical-induced transcriptomic alterations occur prior to cytotoxicity and that transcriptomics provides in depth mechanistic information of the effects of chemicals on cellular transcriptional responses. TempO-Seq is a robust transcriptomic platform that is well suited for in vitro toxicity experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Limonciel
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gamze Ates
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anja Wilmes
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Watzele
- Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Nonnenwald 2, 82377, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Shepard
- BioSpyder Technologies, Inc., 5922 Farnsworth Ct Ste 102, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | | | - Bruce Seligmann
- BioSpyder Technologies, Inc., 5922 Farnsworth Ct Ste 102, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Joanne M Yeakley
- BioSpyder Technologies, Inc., 5922 Farnsworth Ct Ste 102, Carlsbad, CA, 92008, USA
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University, PO Box 9503, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ding W, Yousefi K, Shehadeh LA. Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29985358 PMCID: PMC6101965 DOI: 10.3791/57718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can lead to renal fibrosis, a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, assessing mitochondrial function in primary TECs may provide valuable insight into the bioenergetic status of the cells, providing insight into the pathophysiology of CKD. While there are a number of complex protocols available for the isolation and purification of proximal tubules in different species, the field lacks a cost-effective method optimized for tubular cell isolation without the need for purification. Here, we provide an isolation protocol that allows for studies focusing on both primary mouse proximal and distal renal TECs. In addition to cost-effective reagents and minimal animal procedures required in this protocol, the isolated cells maintain high energy levels after isolation and can be sub-cultured up to four passages, allowing for continuous studies. Furthermore, using a high throughput extracellular flux analyzer, we assess the mitochondrial respiration directly in the isolated TECs in a 96-well plate for which we provide recommendations for the optimization of cell density and compound concentration. These observations suggest that this protocol can be used for renal tubular ex vivo studies with a consistent, well-standardized production of renal TECs. This protocol may have broader future applications to study mitochondrial dysfunction associated with renal disorders for drug discovery or drug characterization purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ding
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
| | - Keyvan Yousefi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine
| | - Lina A Shehadeh
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Vascular Biology Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee JS, Wang RX, Alexeev EE, Lanis JM, Battista KD, Glover LE, Colgan SP. Hypoxanthine is a checkpoint stress metabolite in colonic epithelial energy modulation and barrier function. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6039-6051. [PMID: 29487135 PMCID: PMC5912467 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells form a selectively permeable barrier to protect colon tissues from luminal microbiota and antigens and to mediate nutrient, fluid, and waste flux in the intestinal tract. Dysregulation of the epithelial cell barrier coincides with profound shifts in metabolic energy, especially in the colon, which exists in an energetically depleting state of physiological hypoxia. However, studies that systematically examine energy flux and adenylate metabolism during intestinal epithelial barrier development and restoration after disruption are lacking. Here, to delineate barrier-related energy flux, we developed an HPLC-based profiling method to track changes in energy flux and adenylate metabolites during barrier development and restoration. Cultured epithelia exhibited pooling of phosphocreatine and maintained ATP during barrier development. EDTA-induced epithelial barrier disruption revealed that hypoxanthine levels correlated with barrier resistance. Further studies uncovered that hypoxanthine supplementation improves barrier function and wound healing and that hypoxanthine appears to do so by increasing intracellular ATP, which improved cytoskeletal G- to F-actin polymerization. Hypoxanthine supplementation increased the adenylate energy charge in the murine colon, indicating potential to regulate adenylate energy charge-mediated metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, experiments in a murine colitis model disclosed that hypoxanthine loss during active inflammation correlates with markers of disease severity. In summary, our results indicate that hypoxanthine modulates energy metabolism in intestinal epithelial cells and is critical for intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Lee
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Ruth X Wang
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Erica E Alexeev
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Jordi M Lanis
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Kayla D Battista
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| | - Louise E Glover
- the School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean P Colgan
- From the Department of Medicine and the Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045 and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Secker PF, Beneke S, Schlichenmaier N, Delp J, Gutbier S, Leist M, Dietrich DR. Canagliflozin mediated dual inhibition of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase and complex I: an off-target adverse effect. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:226. [PMID: 29445145 PMCID: PMC5833677 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent FDA Drug Safety Communications report an increased risk for acute kidney injury in patients treated with the gliflozin class of sodium/glucose co-transport inhibitors indicated for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. To identify a potential rationale for the latter, we used an in vitro human renal proximal tubule epithelial cell model system (RPTEC/TERT1), physiologically representing human renal proximal tubule function. A targeted metabolomics approach, contrasting gliflozins to inhibitors of central carbon metabolism and mitochondrial function, revealed a double mode of action for canagliflozin, but not for its analogs dapagliflozin and empagliflozin. Canagliflozin inhibited the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) complex I at clinically relevant concentrations. This dual inhibition specifically prevented replenishment of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites by glutamine (anaplerosis) and thus altered amino acid pools by increasing compensatory transamination reactions. Consequently, canagliflozin caused a characteristic intracellular accumulation of glutamine, glutamate and alanine in confluent, quiescent RPTEC/TERT1. Canagliflozin, but none of the classical ETC inhibitors, induced cytotoxicity at particularly low concentrations in proliferating RPTEC/TERT1, serving as model for proximal tubule regeneration in situ. This finding is testimony of the strong dependence of proliferating cells on glutamine anaplerosis via GDH. Our discovery of canagliflozin-mediated simultaneous inhibition of GDH and ETC complex I in renal cells at clinically relevant concentrations, and their particular susceptibility to necrotic cell death during proliferation, provides a mechanistic rationale for the adverse effects observed especially in patients with preexisting chronic kidney disease or previous kidney injury characterized by sustained regenerative tubular epithelial cell proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp F Secker
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sascha Beneke
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Nadja Schlichenmaier
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes Delp
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Simon Gutbier
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In-vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Daniel R Dietrich
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Smith TB, Patel K, Munford H, Peet A, Tennant DA, Jeeves M, Ludwig C. High-Speed Tracer Analysis of Metabolism (HS-TrAM). Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:5. [PMID: 29503875 PMCID: PMC5811808 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13387.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tracing the fate of stable isotopically-enriched nutrients is a sophisticated method of describing and quantifying the activity of metabolic pathways. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy offers high resolution data in terms of resolving metabolic pathway utilisation. Despite this, NMR spectroscopy is under-utilised due to length of time required to collect the data, quantification requiring multiple samples and complicated analysis. Here we present two techniques, quantitative spectral filters and enhancement of the splitting of
13C signals due to homonuclear
13C,
13C or heteronuclear
13C,
15N J-coupling in
1H,
13C-HSQC NMR spectra. Together, these allow the rapid collection of NMR spectroscopy data in a quantitative manner on a single sample. The reduced duration of HSQC spectra data acquisition opens up the possibility of real-time tracing of metabolism including the study of metabolic pathways
in vivo. We show how these techniques can be used to trace the fate of labelled nutrients in a whole organ model of kidney preservation prior to transplantation using a porcine kidney as a model organ. In addition, we show how the use of multiple nutrients, differentially labelled with
13C and
15N, can be used to provide additional information with which to profile metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendan Smith
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Kamlesh Patel
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Haydn Munford
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Andrew Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.,Birmingham Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, UK
| | - Daniel A Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Mark Jeeves
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Christian Ludwig
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wilmes A, Rauch C, Carta G, Kern G, Meier F, Posch W, Wilflingseder D, Armstrong L, Lako M, Beilmann M, Gstraunthaler G, Jennings P. Towards optimisation of induced pluripotent cell culture: Extracellular acidification results in growth arrest of iPSC prior to nutrient exhaustion. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:445-454. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
33
|
Corvi R, Madia F, Guyton KZ, Kasper P, Rudel R, Colacci A, Kleinjans J, Jennings P. Moving forward in carcinogenicity assessment: Report of an EURL ECVAM/ESTIV workshop. Toxicol In Vitro 2017; 45:278-286. [PMID: 28911985 PMCID: PMC5735222 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is an increased need to develop novel alternative approaches to the two-year rodent bioassay for the carcinogenicity assessment of substances where the rodent bioassay is still a basic requirement, as well as for those substances where animal use is banned or limited or where information gaps are identified within legislation. The current progress in this area was addressed in a EURL ECVAM- ESTIV workshop held in October 2016, in Juan les Pins. A number of initiatives were presented and discussed, including data-driven, technology-driven and pathway-driven approaches. Despite a seemingly diverse range of strategic developments, commonalities are emerging. For example, providing insight into carcinogenicity mechanisms is becoming an increasingly appreciated aspect of hazard assessment and is suggested to be the best strategy to drive new developments. Thus, now more than ever, there is a need to combine and focus efforts towards the integration of available information between sectors. Such cross-sectorial harmonisation will aid in building confidence in new approach methods leading to increased implementation and thus a decreased necessity for the two-year rodent bioassay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Corvi
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, (VA), Italy.
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), EU Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Ispra, (VA), Italy
| | - Kathryn Z Guyton
- Monographs Programme, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Kasper
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Annamaria Colacci
- Centre for Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Environmental Protection and Health Prevention Agency, Emilia Romagna Region, Italy
| | - Jos Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Velcheti V, Radivoyevitch T, Saunthararajah Y. Higher-Level Pathway Objectives of Epigenetic Therapy: A Solution to the p53 Problem in Cancer. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2017; 37:812-824. [PMID: 28561650 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_174175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Searches for effective yet nontoxic oncotherapies are searches for exploitable differences between cancer and normal cells. In its core of cell division, cancer resembles normal life, coordinated by the master transcription factor MYC. Outside of this core, apoptosis and differentiation programs, which dominantly antagonize MYC to terminate cell division, necessarily differ between cancer and normal cells, as apoptosis is suppressed by biallelic inactivation of the master regulator of apoptosis, p53, or its cofactor p16/CDKN2A in approximately 80% of cancers. These genetic alterations impact therapy: conventional oncotherapy applies stress upstream of p53 to upregulate it and causes apoptosis (cytotoxicity)-a toxic, futile intent when it is absent or nonfunctional. Differentiation, on the other hand, cannot be completely suppressed because it is a continuum along which all cells exist. Neoplastic evolution stalls advances along this continuum at its most proliferative points-in lineage-committed progenitors that have division times measured in hours compared with weeks for tissue stem cells. This differentiation arrest is by mutations/deletions in differentiation-driving transcription factors or their coactivators that shift balances of gene-regulating protein complexes toward corepressors that repress instead of activate hundreds of terminal differentiation genes. That is, malignant proliferation without differentiation, also referred to as cancer "stem" cell self-renewal, hinges on druggable corepressors. Inhibiting these corepressors (e.g., DNMT1) releases p53-independent terminal differentiation in cancer stem cells but preserves self-renewal of normal stem cells that express stem cell transcription factors. Thus, epigenetic-differentiation therapies exploit a fundamental distinction between cancer and normal stem cell self-renewal and have a pathway of action downstream of genetic defects in cancer, affording favorable therapeutic indices needed for clinical progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vamsidhar Velcheti
- From the Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- From the Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- From the Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Enane FO, Shuen WH, Gu X, Quteba E, Przychodzen B, Makishima H, Bodo J, Ng J, Chee CL, Ba R, Seng Koh L, Lim J, Cheong R, Teo M, Hu Z, Ng KP, Maciejewski J, Radivoyevitch T, Chung A, Ooi LL, Tan YM, Cheow PC, Chow P, Chan CY, Lim KH, Yerian L, Hsi E, Toh HC, Saunthararajah Y. GATA4 loss of function in liver cancer impedes precursor to hepatocyte transition. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:3527-3542. [PMID: 28758902 DOI: 10.1172/jci93488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent chromosomal structural loss in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p). Genes on the remaining homologous chromosome, however, are not recurrently mutated, and the identity of key 8p tumor-suppressor genes (TSG) is unknown. In this work, analysis of minimal commonly deleted 8p segments to identify candidate TSG implicated GATA4, a master transcription factor driver of hepatocyte epithelial lineage fate. In a murine model, liver-conditional deletion of 1 Gata4 allele to model the haploinsufficiency seen in HCC produced enlarged livers with a gene expression profile of persistent precursor proliferation and failed hepatocyte epithelial differentiation. HCC mimicked this gene expression profile, even in cases that were morphologically classified as well differentiated. HCC with intact chromosome 8p also featured GATA4 loss of function via GATA4 germline mutations that abrogated GATA4 interactions with a coactivator, MED12, or by inactivating mutations directly in GATA4 coactivators, including ARID1A. GATA4 reintroduction into GATA4-haploinsufficient HCC cells or ARID1A reintroduction into ARID1A-mutant/GATA4-intact HCC cells activated hundreds of hepatocyte genes and quenched the proliferative precursor program. Thus, disruption of GATA4-mediated transactivation in HCC suppresses hepatocyte epithelial differentiation to sustain replicative precursor phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Enane
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Wai Ho Shuen
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaorong Gu
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ebrahem Quteba
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bartlomiej Przychodzen
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Hideki Makishima
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Juraj Bodo
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanna Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chit Lai Chee
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Ba
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lip Seng Koh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Janice Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rachael Cheong
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marissa Teo
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhenbo Hu
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kwok Peng Ng
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Maciejewski
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Tomas Radivoyevitch
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexander Chung
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery and
| | | | - Yu Meng Tan
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery and
| | - Peng-Chung Cheow
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery and
| | - Pierce Chow
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery and
| | - Chung Yip Chan
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary and Transplant Surgery and
| | - Kiat Hon Lim
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Lisa Yerian
- Clinical Pathology, Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Eric Hsi
- Clinical Pathology, Pathology Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yogen Saunthararajah
- Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shrestha S, Somji S, Sens DA, Slusser-Nore A, Patel DH, Savage E, Garrett SH. Human renal tubular cells contain CD24/CD133 progenitor cell populations: Implications for tubular regeneration after toxicant induced damage using cadmium as a model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 331:116-129. [PMID: 28587817 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubules of the kidney are target sites of injury by various toxicants. Cadmium (Cd+2), an environmental nephrotoxicant can cause adverse effects and overt renal damage. To decipher the mechanisms involved in nephrotoxicity, an in vitro model system is required. Mortal cultures of human proximal tubule (HPT) cells have served, as models but are difficult to acquire and do not lend themselves to stable transfection. The immortalized human proximal tubule cell line HK-2, has served as a model but it lacks vectorial active transport and shows signs of lost epithelial features. Recently a new proximal tubule cell line was developed, the RPTEC/TERT1, and the goal of this study was to determine if this cell line could serve as a model to study nephrotoxicity. Global gene expression analysis of this cell line in comparison to the HK-2 and HPT cells showed that the RPTEC/TERT1 cells had gene expression patterns similar to HPT cells when compared to the HK-2 cells. The HPT and the RPTEC/TERT1 cell line had an increased population of stem/progenitor cells co-expressing CD24 and CD133 when compared to the HK-2 cells. The level of expression of cadherins, claudins and occludin molecules was also similar between the RPTEC/TERT1 and the HPT cells. Acute exposure to Cd+2 resulted in necrosis of the RPTEC/TERT1 cells when compared to the HK-2 cells which died by apoptosis. Thus, the RPTEC/TERT1 cells are similar to HPT cells and can serve as a good model system to study mechanisms involved in toxicant induced renal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swojani Shrestha
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Seema Somji
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Donald A Sens
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| | - Andrea Slusser-Nore
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States
| | - Divyen H Patel
- Genome Explorations, Division of Compass Lab Services, 654 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Evan Savage
- Genome Explorations, Division of Compass Lab Services, 654 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38105, United States.
| | - Scott H Garrett
- Department of Pathology, University of North Dakota, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 N. Columbia Road, Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Hartung T, FitzGerald RE, Jennings P, Mirams GR, Peitsch MC, Rostami-Hodjegan A, Shah I, Wilks MF, Sturla SJ. Systems Toxicology: Real World Applications and Opportunities. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:870-882. [PMID: 28362102 PMCID: PMC5396025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are characterized from empirical end points to describing modes of action as adverse outcome pathways and perturbed networks. Toward this aim, Systems Toxicology entails the integration of in vitro and in vivo toxicity data with computational modeling. This evolving approach depends critically on data reliability and relevance, which in turn depends on the quality of experimental models and bioanalysis techniques used to generate toxicological data. Systems Toxicology involves the use of large-scale data streams ("big data"), such as those derived from omics measurements that require computational means for obtaining informative results. Thus, integrative analysis of multiple molecular measurements, particularly acquired by omics strategies, is a key approach in Systems Toxicology. In recent years, there have been significant advances centered on in vitro test systems and bioanalytical strategies, yet a frontier challenge concerns linking observed network perturbations to phenotypes, which will require understanding pathways and networks that give rise to adverse responses. This summary perspective from a 2016 Systems Toxicology meeting, an international conference held in the Alps of Switzerland, describes the limitations and opportunities of selected emerging applications in this rapidly advancing field. Systems Toxicology aims to change the basis of how adverse biological effects of xenobiotics are characterized, from empirical end points to pathways of toxicity. This requires the integration of in vitro and in vivo data with computational modeling. Test systems and bioanalytical technologies have made significant advances, but ensuring data reliability and relevance is an ongoing concern. The major challenge facing the new pathway approach is determining how to link observed network perturbations to phenotypic toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartung
- Center
for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- University
of Konstanz, CAAT-Europe, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rex E. FitzGerald
- Swiss
Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University
of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division
of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gary R. Mirams
- Centre
for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Manuel C. Peitsch
- Department
of Research and Development, Philip Morris
International, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre
for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University
of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
- Simcyp
Limited (a Certara Company), Blades Enterprise
Centre, Sheffield S2 4SU, U.K.
| | - Imran Shah
- National
Center for Computational Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States
| | - Martin F. Wilks
- Swiss
Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University
of Basel, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shana J. Sturla
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yamaguchi S, Morizane R, Homma K, Monkawa T, Suzuki S, Fujii S, Koda M, Hiratsuka K, Yamashita M, Yoshida T, Wakino S, Hayashi K, Sasaki J, Hori S, Itoh H. Generation of kidney tubular organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38353. [PMID: 27982115 PMCID: PMC5159864 DOI: 10.1038/srep38353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in stem cell research have resulted in methods to generate kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which contain cells of multiple lineages including nephron epithelial cells. Methods to purify specific types of cells from differentiated hPSCs, however, have not been established well. For bioengineering, cell transplantation, and disease modeling, it would be useful to establish those methods to obtain pure populations of specific types of kidney cells. Here, we report a simple two-step differentiation protocol to generate kidney tubular organoids from hPSCs with direct purification of KSP (kidney specific protein)-positive cells using anti-KSP antibody. We first differentiated hPSCs into mesoderm cells using a glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor for 3 days, then cultured cells in renal epithelial growth medium to induce KSP+ cells. We purified KSP+ cells using flow cytometry with anti-KSP antibody, which exhibited characteristics of all segments of kidney tubular cells and cultured KSP+ cells in 3D Matrigel, which formed tubular organoids in vitro. The formation of tubular organoids by KSP+ cells induced the acquisition of functional kidney tubules. KSP+ cells also allowed for the generation of chimeric kidney cultures in which human cells self-assembled into 3D tubular structures in combination with mouse embryonic kidney cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ryuji Morizane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, 7 Divinity Ave, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Koichiro Homma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Monkawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan.,Medical Education Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Sayuri Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shizuka Fujii
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Muneaki Koda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Ken Hiratsuka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Maho Yamashita
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yoshida
- Apheresis and Dialysis Center, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Sasaki
- Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Shingo Hori
- Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Heussner A, Paget T. Evaluation of renal in vitro models used in ochratoxin research. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2016. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2015.1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) induces renal carcinomas in rodents with a specific localisation in the S3 segment of proximal tubules and distinct early severe tissue alterations, which have been observed also in other species. Pronounced species- and sex-specific differences in toxicity occur and similar effects cannot be excluded in humans, however precise mechanism(s) remain elusive until today. In such cases, the use of in vitro models for mechanistic investigations can be very useful; in particular if a non-genotoxic mechanism of cancer formation is assumed which include cytotoxic effects. However, potential genotoxic mechanisms can also be investigated in vitro. A crucial issue of in vitro research is the choice of the appropriate cell model. Apparently, the cellular target of OTA is the renal proximal tubular cell; therefore cells from this tissue area are the most reasonable model. Furthermore, cells from affected species should be used and can be compared to cells of human origin. Another important parameter is whether to use primary cultures or to choose a cell line from the huge variety of cell lines available. In any case, important characteristics and quality controls need to be verified beforehand. Therefore, this review discusses the renal in vitro models that have been used for the investigation of renal ochratoxin toxicity. In particular, we discuss the choice of the models and the essential parameters making them suitable models for ochratoxin research together with exemplary results from this research. Furthermore, new promising models such as hTERT-immortalised cells and 3D-cultures are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.H. Heussner
- Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Pharmacy Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, Sciences Complex, Wharncliffe Street, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom
| | - T. Paget
- Pharmacy Health and Well-being, University of Sunderland, Sciences Complex, Wharncliffe Street, Sunderland SR1 3SD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Stenovec M, Zorec R. Synthetic cell pathobiology to study neurodegeneration: defining new therapeutic targets in astroglia. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:234-5. [PMID: 27073370 PMCID: PMC4810981 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.177723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matjaž Stenovec
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Huerta M, Rivnay J, Ramuz M, Hama A, Owens RM. Early Detection of NephrotoxicityIn VitroUsing a Transparent Conducting Polymer Device. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/aivt.2015.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Huerta
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Marc Ramuz
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Adel Hama
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| | - Roisin M. Owens
- Department of Bioelectronics, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Gardanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Limonciel A, Moenks K, Stanzel S, Truisi GL, Parmentier C, Aschauer L, Wilmes A, Richert L, Hewitt P, Mueller SO, Lukas A, Kopp-Schneider A, Leonard MO, Jennings P. Transcriptomics hit the target: Monitoring of ligand-activated and stress response pathways for chemical testing. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:7-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
43
|
Herwig R, Gmuender H, Corvi R, Bloch KM, Brandenburg A, Castell J, Ceelen L, Chesne C, Doktorova TY, Jennen D, Jennings P, Limonciel A, Lock EA, McMorrow T, Phrakonkham P, Radford R, Slattery C, Stierum R, Vilardell M, Wittenberger T, Yildirimman R, Ryan M, Rogiers V, Kleinjans J. Inter-laboratory study of human in vitro toxicogenomics-based tests as alternative methods for evaluating chemical carcinogenicity: a bioinformatics perspective. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:2215-2229. [PMID: 26525393 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the carcinogenic potential of chemicals with alternative, human-based in vitro systems has become a major goal of toxicogenomics. The central read-out of these assays is the transcriptome, and while many studies exist that explored the gene expression responses of such systems, reports on robustness and reproducibility, when testing them independently in different laboratories, are still uncommon. Furthermore, there is limited knowledge about variability induced by the data analysis protocols. We have conducted an inter-laboratory study for testing chemical carcinogenicity evaluating two human in vitro assays: hepatoma-derived cells and hTERT-immortalized renal proximal tubule epithelial cells, representing liver and kidney as major target organs. Cellular systems were initially challenged with thirty compounds, genome-wide gene expression was measured with microarrays, and hazard classifiers were built from this training set. Subsequently, each system was independently established in three different laboratories, and gene expression measurements were conducted using anonymized compounds. Data analysis was performed independently by two separate groups applying different protocols for the assessment of inter-laboratory reproducibility and for the prediction of carcinogenic hazard. As a result, both workflows came to very similar conclusions with respect to (1) identification of experimental outliers, (2) overall assessment of robustness and inter-laboratory reproducibility and (3) re-classification of the unknown compounds to the respective toxicity classes. In summary, the developed bioinformatics workflows deliver accurate measures for inter-laboratory comparison studies, and the study can be used as guidance for validation of future carcinogenicity assays in order to implement testing of human in vitro alternatives to animal testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Herwig
- Department Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - H Gmuender
- Genedata AG, Margarethenstrasse 38, 4053, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Corvi
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), European Commission Joint Research Centre, TP 126, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - K M Bloch
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - A Brandenburg
- Genedata AG, Margarethenstrasse 38, 4053, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Castell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibanez 15, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - L Ceelen
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Chesne
- Biopredic International, Parc d'affaires de la Bretèche, Bldg. A4, 35760, St Gregoire, France
| | - T Y Doktorova
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Jennen
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P Jennings
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Limonciel
- Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - E A Lock
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - T McMorrow
- Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - P Phrakonkham
- European Union Reference Laboratory for Alternatives to Animal Testing (EURL ECVAM), Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP), European Commission Joint Research Centre, TP 126, Via E. Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Italy
| | - R Radford
- Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - C Slattery
- Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - R Stierum
- Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - M Vilardell
- Department Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Wittenberger
- Genedata AG, Margarethenstrasse 38, 4053, Basel, Switzerland
| | - R Yildirimman
- Department Computational Molecular Biology, Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestr. 73, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Ryan
- Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - V Rogiers
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Kleinjans
- Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
James JL, Hurley DG, Gamage TKJB, Zhang T, Vather R, Pantham P, Murthi P, Chamley LW. Isolation and characterisation of a novel trophoblast side-population from first trimester placentae. Reproduction 2015; 150:449-62. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is responsible for all nutrient and gas exchange between mother and baby during pregnancy. The differentiation of specialised placental epithelial cells called trophoblasts is essential for placental function, but we understand little about how these populations arise. Mouse trophoblast stem cells have allowed us to understand many of the factors that regulate murine trophoblast lineage development, but the human placenta is anatomically very different from the mouse, and it is imperative to isolate a human trophoblast stem cell to understand human placental development. Here we have developed a novel methodology to isolate a Hoechst side-population of trophoblasts from early gestation placentae and compared their transcriptome to differentiated trophoblast populations (cytotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts) using microarray technology. Side-population trophoblasts clustered as a transcriptomically distinct population but were more closely related to cytotrophoblasts than extravillous trophoblasts. Side-population trophoblasts up-regulated a number of genes characteristic of trophectoderm and murine trophoblast stem cells in comparison to cytotrophoblasts or extravillous trophoblasts and could be distinguished from both of these more mature populations by a unique set of 22 up-regulated genes, which were enriched for morphogenesis and organ development and the regulation of growth functions. Cells expressing two of these genes (LAMA2 and COL6A3) were distributed throughout the cytotrophoblast layer at the trophoblast/mesenchymal interface. Comparisons to previously published trophoblast progenitor populations suggest that the side-population trophoblasts isolated in this work are a novel human trophoblast population. Future work will determine whether these cells exhibit functional progenitor/stem cell attributes.
Collapse
|
45
|
Laird JG, Pan Y, Modestou M, Yamaguchi DM, Song H, Sokolov M, Baker SA. Identification of a VxP Targeting Signal in the Flagellar Na+ /K+ -ATPase. Traffic 2015; 16:1239-53. [PMID: 26373354 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Na(+) /K(+) -ATPase (NKA) participates in setting electrochemical gradients, cardiotonic steroid signaling and cellular adhesion. Distinct isoforms of NKA are found in different tissues and subcellular localization patterns. For example, NKA α1 is widely expressed, NKA α3 is enriched in neurons and NKA α4 is a testes-specific isoform found in sperm flagella. In some tissues, ankyrin, a key component of the membrane cytoskeleton, can regulate the trafficking of NKA. In the retina, NKA and ankyrin-B are expressed in multiple cell types and immunostaining for each is striking in the synaptic layers. Labeling for NKA is also prominent along the inner segment plasma membrane (ISPM) of photoreceptors. NKA co-immunoprecipitates with ankyrin-B, but on a subcellular level colocalization of these two proteins varies dependent on the cell type. We used transgenic Xenopus laevis tadpoles to evaluate the subcellular trafficking of NKA in photoreceptors. GFP-NKA α3 and α1 are localized to the ISPM, but α4 is localized to outer segments (OSs). We identified a VxP motif responsible for the OS targeting by using a series of chimeric and mutant NKA constructs. This motif is similar to previously identified ciliary targeting motifs. Given the structural similarities between OSs and flagella, our findings shed light on the subcellular targeting of this testes-specific NKA isoform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Laird
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Yuan Pan
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Current address: Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Modestos Modestou
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - David M Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Hongman Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University School of Medicine and West Virginia University Eye Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.,Current address: Section for Translational Research in Retina & Macular Degeneration, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maxim Sokolov
- Department of Ophthalmology, West Virginia University School of Medicine and West Virginia University Eye Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Sheila A Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biokinetics in repeated-dosing in vitro drug toxicity studies. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 30:217-24. [PMID: 26362508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the EU FP7 Predict-IV project was to improve the predictivity of in vitro assays for unwanted effects of drugs after repeated dosing. The project assessed the added benefit of integrating long-lived in vitro organotypic cell systems with 'omics' technologies and in silico modelling, including systems biology and pharmacokinetic assessments. RPTEC/TERT1 kidney cells, primary rat and human hepatocytes, HepaRG liver cells and 2D and 3D primary brain cultures were dosed daily or every other day for 14 days to a selection of drugs varying in their mechanism of pharmacological action. Since concentration-effect relationships not only depend on the activity of the drug or the sensitivity of the target, but also on the distribution of compounds in the in vitro system, the concentration of a selection of drugs in cells, microtitre plate plastic and medium was measured over time. Results, reviewed in this paper, indicate that lipophilic drugs bind significantly to plastic labware. A few drugs, including less lipophilic drugs, bind to cell-attachment matrices. Chemicals that reach high concentrations in cells, including cyclosporin A and amiodarone, significantly accumulate over time after repeated dosing, partly explaining their increased toxicity after repeated dosing, compared to a single dose.
Collapse
|
47
|
Slyne J, Slattery C, McMorrow T, Ryan MP. New developments concerning the proximal tubule in diabetic nephropathy:in vitromodels and mechanisms. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
|
48
|
Song MJ, Davis CI, Lawrence GG, Margulies SS. Local influence of cell viability on stretch-induced permeability of alveolar epithelial cell monolayers. Cell Mol Bioeng 2015; 9:65-72. [PMID: 26958093 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-015-0405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), often attributed to over-distension of the alveolar epithelial cell layer, can trigger loss of barrier function. Alveolar epithelial cell monolayers can be used as an idealized in vitro model of the pulmonary epithelium, with cell death and tight junction disruption and permeability employed to estimate stretch-induced changes in barrier function. We adapted a method published for vascular endothelial permeability, compare its sensitivity with our previously published method, and determine the relationship between breeches in barrier properties after stretch and regions of cell death After 4-5 days in culture, primary rat alveolar epithelial cells seeded on plasma treated polydimethylsiloxane membrane coated with biotin-labeled fibronectin, or fibronectin alone were stretched in the presence of FITC-tagged streptavidin (biotin-labeled membrane) or BODIPY-ouabain. We found that the FITC-labeling method was a more sensitive indicator of permeability disruption, with significantly larger positively stained areas visible in the presence of stretch and with ATP production inhibitor Antimycin-A. Triple-stained images with Hoescht (nuclei), Ethidium Homodimer (EthD, damaged cell nuclei) and FITC (permeable regions) were used to determine that within permeable regions intact cells were positioned closer to damaged cells than in non-permeable regions. We concluded that local cell death may be an important contributor to barrier integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Song
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA
| | - C I Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA
| | - G G Lawrence
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA
| | - S S Margulies
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6321, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ranninger C, Rurik M, Limonciel A, Ruzek S, Reischl R, Wilmes A, Jennings P, Hewitt P, Dekant W, Kohlbacher O, Huber CG. Nephron Toxicity Profiling via Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Employing a High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Experimental and Computational Pipeline. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19121-32. [PMID: 26055719 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.644146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Untargeted metabolomics has the potential to improve the predictivity of in vitro toxicity models and therefore may aid the replacement of expensive and laborious animal models. Here we describe a long term repeat dose nephrotoxicity study conducted on the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, RPTEC/TERT1, treated with 10 and 35 μmol·liter(-1) of chloroacetaldehyde, a metabolite of the anti-cancer drug ifosfamide. Our study outlines the establishment of an automated and easy to use untargeted metabolomics workflow for HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry data. Automated data analysis workflows based on open source software (OpenMS, KNIME) enabled a comprehensive and reproducible analysis of the complex and voluminous metabolomics data produced by the profiling approach. Time- and concentration-dependent responses were clearly evident in the metabolomic profiles. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the mode of action, transcriptomics and proteomics data were also integrated. For toxicity profiling of chloroacetaldehyde, 428 and 317 metabolite features were detectable in positive and negative modes, respectively, after stringent removal of chemical noise and unstable signals. Changes upon treatment were explored using principal component analysis, and statistically significant differences were identified using linear models for microarray assays. The analysis revealed toxic effects only for the treatment with 35 μmol·liter(-1) for 3 and 14 days. The most regulated metabolites were glutathione and metabolites related to the oxidative stress response of the cells. These findings are corroborated by proteomics and transcriptomics data, which show, among other things, an activation of the Nrf2 and ATF4 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Ranninger
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marc Rurik
- the Applied Bioinformatics Group, Center for Bioinformatics, Quantitative Biology Center and Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Alice Limonciel
- the Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Silke Ruzek
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Roland Reischl
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Wilmes
- the Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Paul Jennings
- the Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, Nonclinical Safety, Darmstadt 64293, Germany, and
| | - Wolfgang Dekant
- the Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Oliver Kohlbacher
- the Applied Bioinformatics Group, Center for Bioinformatics, Quantitative Biology Center and Department of Computer Science, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Christian G Huber
- From the Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria,
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Suter-Dick L, Alves PM, Blaauboer BJ, Bremm KD, Brito C, Coecke S, Flick B, Fowler P, Hescheler J, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Jennings P, Kelm JM, Manou I, Mistry P, Moretto A, Roth A, Stedman D, van de Water B, Beilmann M. Stem cell-derived systems in toxicology assessment. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1284-96. [PMID: 25675366 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial sectors perform toxicological assessments of their potential products to ensure human safety and to fulfill regulatory requirements. These assessments often involve animal testing, but ethical, cost, and time concerns, together with a ban on it in specific sectors, make appropriate in vitro systems indispensable in toxicology. In this study, we summarize the outcome of an EPAA (European Partnership of Alternatives to Animal Testing)-organized workshop on the use of stem cell-derived (SCD) systems in toxicology, with a focus on industrial applications. SCD systems, in particular, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived, provide physiological cell culture systems of easy access and amenable to a variety of assays. They also present the opportunity to apply the vast repository of existing nonclinical data for the understanding of in vitro to in vivo translation. SCD systems from several toxicologically relevant tissues exist; they generally recapitulate many aspects of physiology and respond to toxicological and pharmacological interventions. However, focused research is necessary to accelerate implementation of SCD systems in an industrial setting and subsequent use of such systems by regulatory authorities. Research is required into the phenotypic characterization of the systems, since methods and protocols for generating terminally differentiated SCD cells are still lacking. Organotypical 3D culture systems in bioreactors and microscale tissue engineering technologies should be fostered, as they promote and maintain differentiation and support coculture systems. They need further development and validation for their successful implementation in toxicity testing in industry. Analytical measures also need to be implemented to enable compound exposure and metabolism measurements for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation. The future of SCD toxicological tests will combine advanced cell culture technologies and biokinetic measurements to support regulatory and research applications. However, scientific and technical hurdles must be overcome before SCD in vitro methods undergo appropriate validation and become accepted in the regulatory arena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Suter-Dick
- 1University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, School of Life Sciences, Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Paula M Alves
- 2iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,3Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Bas J Blaauboer
- 4Division of Toxicology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Klaus-Dieter Bremm
- 5Bayer Pharma AG, Global Drug Discovery-Global Early Development, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Catarina Brito
- 2iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Oeiras, Portugal.,3Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sandra Coecke
- 6European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, EURL ECVAM, Ispra, Italy
| | - Burkhard Flick
- 7BASF SE, Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Hescheler
- 9Institut for Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Paul Jennings
- 11Division of Physiology, Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Irene Manou
- 13European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA), B-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pratibha Mistry
- 14Syngenta Ltd., Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Berkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Angelo Moretto
- 15Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche e Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.,16Centro Internazionale per gli Antiparassitari e la Prevenzione Sanitaria, Luigi Sacco Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Adrian Roth
- 17F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Innovation Center Basel, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Donald Stedman
- 18Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bob van de Water
- 19Division of Toxicology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|