1
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Li Z, Yan G, Yang M, Liu X, Lian Y, Sun M, Pan W. CBLC promotes the development of colorectal cancer by promoting ABI1 degradation to activate the ERK signaling pathway. Transl Oncol 2024; 45:101992. [PMID: 38743987 PMCID: PMC11109901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
CBLC (CBL proto-oncogene C) is an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase that plays a key role in cancers. However, the function and mechanism of CBLC in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of CBLC in CRC and its underlying molecular mechanism. High CBLC levels were certified in tumor tissues of CRC patients, and its expression was positively associated with TNM stage. Next, we explored the role of CBLC in CRC using gain or loss of function. For biological function analysis, CCK-8 cell proliferation, colony formation, flow cytometry, scratch, and transwell assays collectively suggested that CBLC overexpression promoted cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, migration and invasion. As observed, CBLC knockdown exhibited exactly opposite effects, resulting in impaired tumorigenicity in vitro. Xenograft studies displayed that CBLC overexpression accelerated tumor growth and promoted tumor metastasis to the lung, while the inhibitory effects of CBLC knockdown on tumorigenicity and metastasis ability of CRC cells was also confirmed. Furthermore, the molecular mechanism of CBLC in CRC was explored. CBLC induced the activation of ERK signaling pathway, further leading to its pro-tumor role. Notably, CBLC decreased ABI1 (Abelson interactor protein-1, a candidate tumor suppressor) protein levels through its ubiquitin ligase activity, while ABI1 upregulation abolished the effects of CBLC on the tumorigenesis of CRC. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CBLC acts as a tumor promoter in CRC through triggering the ubiquitination and degradation of ABI1 and activating the ERK signaling pathway. CBLC may be a potential novel target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Liaoyang City Central Hospital, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Guanyu Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Meiqi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xingwu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Lian
- General Hospital of Fuxin Mining Industry Group of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fuxin, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Wenjun Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Liaoyang City Central Hospital, Liaoyang, Liaoning Province, China.
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2
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Jensen CC, Clements AN, Liou H, Ball LE, Bethard JR, Langlais PR, Toth RK, Chauhan SS, Casillas AL, Daulat SR, Kraft AS, Cress AE, Miranti CK, Mouneimne G, Rogers GC, Warfel NA. PIM1 phosphorylates ABI2 to enhance actin dynamics and promote tumor invasion. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202208136. [PMID: 37042842 PMCID: PMC10103708 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202208136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinguishing key factors that drive the switch from indolent to invasive disease will make a significant impact on guiding the treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Here, we identify a novel signaling pathway linking hypoxia and PIM1 kinase to the actin cytoskeleton and cell motility. An unbiased proteomic screen identified Abl-interactor 2 (ABI2), an integral member of the wave regulatory complex (WRC), as a PIM1 substrate. Phosphorylation of ABI2 at Ser183 by PIM1 increased ABI2 protein levels and enhanced WRC formation, resulting in increased protrusive activity and cell motility. Cell protrusion induced by hypoxia and/or PIM1 was dependent on ABI2. In vivo smooth muscle invasion assays showed that overexpression of PIM1 significantly increased the depth of tumor cell invasion, and treatment with PIM inhibitors significantly reduced intramuscular PCa invasion. This research uncovers a HIF-1-independent signaling axis that is critical for hypoxia-induced invasion and establishes a novel role for PIM1 as a key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corbin C. Jensen
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Amber N. Clements
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hope Liou
- Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lauren E. Ball
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Bethard
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Shailender S. Chauhan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne E. Cress
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Cindy K. Miranti
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ghassan Mouneimne
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Greg C. Rogers
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Noel A. Warfel
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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3
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Troyanovsky SM. Adherens junction: the ensemble of specialized cadherin clusters. Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:374-387. [PMID: 36127186 PMCID: PMC10020127 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell-cell connections in adherens junctions (AJs) are mediated by transmembrane receptors, type I cadherins (referred to here as cadherins). These cadherin-based connections (or trans bonds) are weak. To upregulate their strength, cadherins exploit avidity, the increased affinity of binding between cadherin clusters compared with isolated monomers. Formation of such clusters is a unique molecular process that is driven by a synergy of direct and indirect cis interactions between cadherins located at the same cell. In addition to their role in adhesion, cadherin clusters provide structural scaffolds for cytosolic proteins, which implicate cadherin into different cellular activities and signaling pathways. The cluster lifetime, which depends on the actin cytoskeleton, and on the mechanical forces it generates, determines the strength of AJs and their plasticity. The key aspects of cadherin adhesion, therefore, cannot be understood at the level of isolated cadherin molecules, but should be discussed in the context of cadherin clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey M Troyanovsky
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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4
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Verma SK, Deshmukh V, Thatcher K, Belanger KK, Rhyner A, Meng S, Holcomb R, Bressan M, Martin J, Cooke J, Wythe J, Widen S, Lincoln J, Kuyumcu-Martinez M. RBFOX2 is required for establishing RNA regulatory networks essential for heart development. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2270-2286. [PMID: 35137168 PMCID: PMC8881802 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies identified a strong association between loss of function mutations in RBFOX2 and hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). There are currently no Rbfox2 mouse models that recapitulate HLHS. Therefore, it is still unknown how RBFOX2 as an RNA binding protein contributes to heart development. To address this, we conditionally deleted Rbfox2 in embryonic mouse hearts and found profound defects in cardiac chamber and yolk sac vasculature formation. Importantly, our Rbfox2 conditional knockout mouse model recapitulated several molecular and phenotypic features of HLHS. To determine the molecular drivers of these cardiac defects, we performed RNA-sequencing in Rbfox2 mutant hearts and identified dysregulated alternative splicing (AS) networks that affect cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) mediated by Rho GTPases. We identified two Rho GTPase cycling genes as targets of RBFOX2. Modulating AS of these two genes using antisense oligos led to cell cycle and cell-ECM adhesion defects. Consistently, Rbfox2 mutant hearts displayed cell cycle defects and inability to undergo endocardial-mesenchymal transition, processes dependent on cell-ECM adhesion and that are seen in HLHS. Overall, our work not only revealed that loss of Rbfox2 leads to heart development defects resembling HLHS, but also identified RBFOX2-regulated AS networks that influence cell-ECM communication vital for heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Verma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Vaibhav Deshmukh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Thatcher
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - KarryAnne K Belanger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Alexander M Rhyner
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shu Meng
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard Joshua Holcomb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Michael Bressan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC27599, USA
| | - James F Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Lab;Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX77030, USA
| | - Steven G Widen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The Herma Heart Institute, Children's WI, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Muge N Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd. Galveston, TX 77555, USA
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5
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Wang R, Wang Y, Liao G, Chen B, Panettieri RA, Penn RB, Tang DD. Abi1 mediates airway smooth muscle cell proliferation and airway remodeling via Jak2/STAT3 signaling. iScience 2022; 25:103833. [PMID: 35198891 PMCID: PMC8851273 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex pulmonary disorder with multiple pathological mechanisms. A key pathological feature of chronic asthma is airway remodeling, which is largely attributed to airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia that contributes to thickening of the airway wall and further drives asthma pathology. The cellular processes that mediate ASM cell proliferation are not completely elucidated. Using multiple approaches, we demonstrate that the adapter protein Abi1 (Abelson interactor 1) is upregulated in ∼50% of ASM cell cultures derived from patients with asthma. Loss-of-function studies demonstrate that Abi1 regulates the activation of Jak2 (Janus kinase 2) and STAT3 (signal transducers and activators of transcription 3) as well as the proliferation of both nonasthmatic and asthmatic human ASM cell cultures. These findings identify Abi1 as a molecular switch that activates Jak2 kinase and STAT3 in ASM cells and demonstrate that a dysfunctional Abi1-associated pathway contributes to the progression of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Bohao Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Reynold A. Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Raymond B. Penn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dale D. Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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6
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Bekere I, Huang J, Schnapp M, Rudolph M, Berneking L, Ruckdeschel K, Grundhoff A, Günther T, Fischer N, Aepfelbacher M. Yersinia remodels epigenetic histone modifications in human macrophages. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010074. [PMID: 34793580 PMCID: PMC8639070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Various pathogens systematically reprogram gene expression in macrophages, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated whether the enteropathogen Yersinia enterocolitica alters chromatin states to reprogram gene expression in primary human macrophages. Genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) seq analyses showed that pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) induced up- or down-regulation of histone modifications (HMod) at approximately 14500 loci in promoters and enhancers. Effectors of Y. enterocolitica reorganized about half of these dynamic HMod, with the effector YopP being responsible for about half of these modulatory activities. The reorganized HMod were associated with genes involved in immune response and metabolism. Remarkably, the altered HMod also associated with 61% of all 534 known Rho GTPase pathway genes, revealing a new level in Rho GTPase regulation and a new aspect of bacterial pathogenicity. Changes in HMod were associated to varying degrees with corresponding gene expression, e. g. depending on chromatin localization and cooperation of the HMod. In summary, infection with Y. enterocolitica remodels HMod in human macrophages to modulate key gene expression programs of the innate immune response. Human pathogenic bacteria can affect epigenetic histone modifications to modulate gene expression in host cells. However, a systems biology analysis of this bacterial virulence mechanism in immune cells has not been performed. Here we analyzed genome-wide epigenetic histone modifications and associated gene expression changes in primary human macrophages infected with enteropathogenic Yersinia enterocolitica. We demonstrate that Yersinia virulence factors extensively modulate histone modifications and associated gene expression triggered by the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the bacteria. The epigenetically modulated genes are involved in several key pathways of the macrophage immune response, including the Rho GTPase pathway, revealing a novel level of Rho GTPase regulation by a bacterial pathogen. Overall, our findings provide an in-depth view of epigenetic and gene expression changes during host-pathogen interaction and might have further implications for understanding of the innate immune memory in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indra Bekere
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (IB); (MA)
| | - Jiabin Huang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Schnapp
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maren Rudolph
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Berneking
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Ruckdeschel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Adam Grundhoff
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute (HPI), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Günther
- Heinrich-Pette-Institute (HPI), Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Research Group Virus Genomics, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Fischer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Aepfelbacher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (IB); (MA)
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7
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Wang Y, Liao G, Wang R, Tang DD. Acetylation of Abelson interactor 1 at K416 regulates actin cytoskeleton and smooth muscle contraction. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21811. [PMID: 34369620 PMCID: PMC8800440 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100415r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal reorganization plays an important role in regulating smooth muscle contraction, which is essential for the modulation of various physiological functions including airway tone. The adapter protein Abi1 (Abelson interactor 1) participates in the control of smooth muscle contraction. The mechanisms by which Abi1 coordinates smooth muscle function are not fully understood. Here, we found that contractile stimulation elicited Abi1 acetylation in human airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. Mutagenesis analysis identified lysine‐416 (K416) as a major acetylation site. Replacement of K416 with Q (glutamine) enhanced the interaction of Abi1 with neuronal Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein (N‐WASP), an important actin‐regulatory protein. Moreover, the expression of K416Q Abi1 promoted actin polymerization and smooth muscle contraction without affecting myosin light chain phosphorylation at Ser‐19 and vimentin phosphorylation at Ser‐56. Furthermore, p300 is a lysine acetyltransferase that catalyzes acetylation of histone and non‐histone proteins in various cell types. Here, we discovered that a portion of p300 was localized in the cytoplasm of HASM cells. Knockdown of p300 reduced the agonist‐induced Abi1 acetylation in HASM cells and in mouse airway smooth muscle tissues. Smooth muscle conditional knockout of p300 inhibited actin polymerization and the contraction of airway smooth muscle tissues without affecting myosin light chain phosphorylation and vimentin phosphorylation. Together, our results suggest that contractile stimulation induces Abi1 acetylation via p300 in smooth muscle. Acetylation at K416 promotes the coupling of Abi1 with N‐WASP, which facilitates actin polymerization and smooth muscle contraction. This is a novel acetylation‐dependent regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinna Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Guoning Liao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Ruping Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Dale D Tang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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8
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Ortiz MA, Mikhailova T, Li X, Porter BA, Bah A, Kotula L. Src family kinases, adaptor proteins and the actin cytoskeleton in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:67. [PMID: 34193161 PMCID: PMC8247114 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00750-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over a century of scientific inquiry since the discovery of v-SRC but still no final judgement on SRC function. However, a significant body of work has defined Src family kinases as key players in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis in human cancer. With the ever-growing evidence supporting the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in invasion and metastasis, so does our understanding of the role SFKs play in mediating these processes. Here we describe some key mechanisms through which Src family kinases play critical role in epithelial homeostasis and how their function is essential for the propagation of invasive signals. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Ortiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Tatiana Mikhailova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Baylee A Porter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Alaji Bah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA. .,Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, USA.
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9
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Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Li M, Chen J, Lin T, Sun J, Wang D, Mu Q, Su H, Wu N, Liu A, Yu Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Guo J, Yu W. The roles and prognostic significance of ABI1-TSV-11 expression in patients with left-sided colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10734. [PMID: 34031495 PMCID: PMC8144562 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormally expressed and/or phosphorylated Abelson interactor 1 (ABI1) participates in the metastasis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). ABI1 presents as at least 12 transcript variants (TSVs) by mRNA alternative splicing, but it is unknown which of them is involved in CRC metastasis and prognosis. Here, we firstly identified ABI1-TSV-11 as a key TSV affecting the metastasis and prognosis of left-sided colorectal cancer (LsCC) and its elevated expression is related to lymph node metastasis and shorter overall survival (OS) in LsCC by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and TSVdb. Secondly, ABI1-TSV-11 overexpression promoted LoVo and SW480 cells adhesion and migration in vitro, and accelerated LoVo and SW480 cells lung metastasis in vivo. Finally, mechanism investigations revealed that ABI1-isoform-11 interacted with epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (ESP8) and regulated actin dynamics to affect LoVo and SW480 cells biological behaviors. Taken together, our data demonstrated that ABI1-TSV-11 plays an oncogenic role in LsCC, it is an independent risk factor of prognosis and may be a potential molecular marker and therapeutic target in LsCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingru Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huiting Su
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Aiyu Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yimeng Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Menglei Zhang
- Department of Animal Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhu Guo
- Department of Pediatric, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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10
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Li K, Peng YF, Guo JZ, Li M, Zhang Y, Chen JY, Lin TR, Yu X, Yu WD. Abelson interactor 1 splice isoform-L plays an anti-oncogenic role in colorectal carcinoma through interactions with WAVE2 and full-length Abelson interactor 1. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:1595-1615. [PMID: 33958846 PMCID: PMC8058658 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i15.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the full-length isoform of Abelson interactor 1 (ABI1), ABI1-p65, is increased in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and is thought to be involved in one or more steps leading to tumor progression or metastasis. The ABI1 splice isoform-L (ABI1-SiL) has conserved WAVE2-binding and SH3 domains, lacks the homeo-domain homologous region, and is missing the majority of PxxP- and Pro-rich domains found in full-length ABI1-p65. Thus, ABI1-SiL domain structure suggests that the protein may regulate CRC cell morphology, adhesion, migration, and metastasis via interactions with the WAVE2 complex pathway.
AIM To investigate the potential role and underlying mechanisms associated with ABI1-SiL-mediated regulation of CRC.
METHODS ABI1-SiL mRNA expression in CC tissue and cell lines was measured using both qualitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time quantitative RT-PCR. A stably ABI1-SiL overexpressing SW480 cell model was constructed using Lipofectamine 2000, and cells selected with G418. Image J software, CCK8, and transwell assays were used to investigate SW480 cell surface area, proliferation, migration, and invasion. Immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and co-localization assays were performed to explore intermolecular interactions between ABI1-SiL, WAVE2, and ABI1-p65 proteins.
RESULTS ABI1-SiL was expressed in normal colon tissue and was significantly decreased in CRC cell lines and tissues. Overexpression of ABI1-SiL in SW480 cells significantly increased the cell surface area and inhibited the adhesive and migration properties of the cells, but did not alter their invasive capacity. Similar to ABI1-p65, ABI1-SiL still binds WAVE2, and the ABI1-p65 isoform in SW480 cells. Furthermore, co-localization assays confirmed these intermolecular interactions.
CONCLUSION These results support a model in which ABI1-SiL plays an anti-oncogenic role by competitively binding to WAVE2 and directly interacting with phosphorylated and non-phosphorylated ABI1-p65, functioning as a dominant-negative form of ABI1-p65.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yi-Fan Peng
- Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Unit III, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jing-Zhu Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jing-Yi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Ting-Ru Lin
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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11
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Chaudhari K, Gorla M, Chang C, Kania A, Bashaw GJ. Robo recruitment of the Wave regulatory complex plays an essential and conserved role in midline repulsion. eLife 2021; 10:e64474. [PMID: 33843588 PMCID: PMC8096436 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Roundabout (Robo) guidance receptor family induces axon repulsion in response to its ligand Slit by inducing local cytoskeletal changes; however, the link to the cytoskeleton and the nature of these cytoskeletal changes are poorly understood. Here, we show that the heteropentameric Scar/Wave Regulatory Complex (WRC), which drives Arp2/3-induced branched actin polymerization, is a direct effector of Robo signaling. Biochemical evidence shows that Slit triggers WRC recruitment to the Robo receptor's WRC-interacting receptor sequence (WIRS) motif. In Drosophila embryos, mutants of the WRC enhance Robo1-dependent midline crossing defects. Additionally, mutating Robo1's WIRS motif significantly reduces receptor activity in rescue assays in vivo, and CRISPR-Cas9 mutagenesis shows that the WIRS motif is essential for endogenous Robo1 function. Finally, axon guidance assays in mouse dorsal spinal commissural axons and gain-of-function experiments in chick embryos demonstrate that the WIRS motif is also required for Robo1 repulsion in mammals. Together, our data support an essential conserved role for the WIRS-WRC interaction in Robo1-mediated axon repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chaudhari
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Madhavi Gorla
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Chao Chang
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Artur Kania
- Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM)MontréalCanada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill UniversityMontréalCanada
| | - Greg J Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
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12
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Qi Y, Liu J, Chao J, Greer PA, Li S. PTEN dephosphorylates Abi1 to promote epithelial morphogenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151941. [PMID: 32673396 PMCID: PMC7480098 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201910041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor PTEN is essential for early development. Its lipid phosphatase activity converts PIP3 to PIP2 and antagonizes the PI3K–Akt pathway. In this study, we demonstrate that PTEN’s protein phosphatase activity is required for epiblast epithelial differentiation and polarization. This is accomplished by reconstitution of PTEN-null embryoid bodies with PTEN mutants that lack only PTEN’s lipid phosphatase activity or both PTEN’s lipid and protein phosphatase activities. Phosphotyrosine antibody immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to identify Abi1, a core component of the WASP-family verprolin homologous protein (WAVE) regulatory complex (WRC), as a new PTEN substrate. We demonstrate that PTEN dephosphorylation of Abi1 at Y213 and S216 results in Abi1 degradation through the calpain pathway. This leads to down-regulation of the WRC and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. The latter is critical to the transformation of nonpolar pluripotent stem cells into the polarized epiblast epithelium. Our findings establish a link between PTEN and WAVE-Arp2/3–regulated actin cytoskeletal dynamics in epithelial morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Qi
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Joshua Chao
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Peter A Greer
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ
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13
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The integrity of cochlear hair cells is established and maintained through the localization of Dia1 at apical junctional complexes and stereocilia. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:536. [PMID: 32678080 PMCID: PMC7366933 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02743-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dia1, which belongs to the diaphanous-related formin family, influences a variety of cellular processes through straight actin elongation activity. Recently, novel DIA1 mutants such as p.R1213X (p.R1204X) and p.A265S, have been reported to cause an autosomal dominant sensorineural hearing loss (DFNA1). Additionally, active DIA1 mutants induce progressive hearing loss in a gain-of-function manner. However, the subcellular localization and pathological function of DIA1(R1213X/R1204X) remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated the localization of endogenous Dia1 and the constitutively active DIA1 mutant in the cochlea, using transgenic mice expressing FLAG-tagged DIA1(R1204X) (DIA1-TG). Endogenous Dia1 and the DIA1 mutant were regionally expressed at the organ of Corti and the spiral ganglion from early life; alongside cochlear maturation, they became localized at the apical junctional complexes (AJCs) between hair cells (HCs) and supporting cells (SCs). To investigate HC vulnerability in the DIA1-TG mice, we exposed 4-week-old mice to moderate noise, which induced temporary threshold shifts with cochlear synaptopathy and ultrastructural changes in stereocilia 4 weeks post noise exposure. Furthermore, we established a knock-in (KI) mouse line expressing AcGFP-tagged DIA1(R1213X) (DIA1-KI) and confirmed mutant localization at AJCs and the tips of stereocilia in HCs. In MDCKAcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) cells with stable expression of AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X), AcGFP-DIA1(R1213X) revealed marked localization at microvilli on the apical surface of cells and decreased localization at cell-cell junctions. The DIA1-TG mice demonstrated hazy and ruffled circumferential actin belts at AJCs and abnormal stereocilia accompanied with HC loss at 5 months of age. In conclusion, Dia1 plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of AJCs and stereocilia, ensuring cochlear and HC integrity. Subclinical/latent vulnerability of HCs may be the cause of progressive hearing loss in DFNA1 patients, thus suggesting new therapeutic targets for preventing HC degeneration and progressive hearing loss associated with DFNA1.
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14
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Lian G, Chenn A, Ekuta V, Kanaujia S, Sheen V. Formin 2 Regulates Lysosomal Degradation of Wnt-Associated β-Catenin in Neural Progenitors. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1938-1952. [PMID: 29659741 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neural progenitor proliferation along the ventricular zone is regulated by β-catenin through Wnt signaling, the cytoskeletal mechanisms that regulate expression and localization of these proteins are not well understood. Our prior studies have shown that loss of the actin-binding Filamin A (FlnA) and actin-nucleating protein Formin 2 (Fmn2) impairs endocytosis of low-density-lipoprotein-receptor-related protein 6 (Lrp6), thereby disrupting β-catenin activation, resulting in decreased brain size. Here, we report that activated RhoA-GTPase disengages Fmn2 N- to C-terminal binding to promote Fmn2 activation and redistribution into lysosomal vesicles. Fmn2 colocalizes with β-catenin in lysosomes and promotes its degradation. Further, Fmn2 binds the E3 ligase Smurf2, enhances Smurf2-dependent ubiquitination, and degradation of Dishevelled-2 (Dvl2), thereby initiates β-catenin degradation. Finally, Fmn2 overexpression disrupts neuroepithelial integrity, neuronal migration, and proliferation-phenotypes in E13 mouse embryos, as seen with loss of Fmn2+FlnA function. Conversely, co-expression of Dvl2 with Fmn2 rescues the proliferation defect due to Fmn2 overexpression in mouse embryos. These findings suggest that there is a homeostatic feedback mechanism in the cytoskeletal-dependent regulation of neural proliferation within the cerebral cortex. Upstream, Fmn2 promotes proliferation by stabilizing the Lrp6 receptor, leading to β-catenin activation. Downstream, RhoA-activated Fmn2 promotes lysosomal degradation of Dvl2, leading to β-catenin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gewei Lian
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anjen Chenn
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Victor Ekuta
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sneha Kanaujia
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Volney Sheen
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Whitelaw JA, Swaminathan K, Kage F, Machesky LM. The WAVE Regulatory Complex Is Required to Balance Protrusion and Adhesion in Migration. Cells 2020; 9:E1635. [PMID: 32646006 PMCID: PMC7407199 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells migrating over 2D substrates are required to polymerise actin at the leading edge to form lamellipodia protrusions and nascent adhesions to anchor the protrusion to the substrate. The major actin nucleator in lamellipodia formation is the Arp2/3 complex, which is activated by the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC). Using inducible Nckap1 floxed mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we confirm that the WRC is required for lamellipodia formation, and importantly, for generating the retrograde flow of actin from the leading cell edge. The loss of NCKAP1 also affects cell spreading and focal adhesion dynamics. In the absence of lamellipodium, cells can become elongated and move with a single thin pseudopod, which appears devoid of N-WASP. This phenotype was more prevalent on collagen than fibronectin, where we observed an increase in migratory speed. Thus, 2D cell migration on collagen is less dependent on branched actin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karthic Swaminathan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (K.S.); (L.M.M.)
- School of Chemistry and Bioscience, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1PD, UK
| | - Frieda Kage
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755-3844, USA;
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Laura M. Machesky
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (K.S.); (L.M.M.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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16
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Distinctive roles of Abi1 in regulating actin-associated proteins during human smooth muscle cell migration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10667. [PMID: 32606387 PMCID: PMC7326921 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell migration is essential for many diverse biological processes such as pulmonary/cardiovascular development and homeostasis. Abi1 (Abelson interactor 1) is an adapter protein that has been implicated in nonmuscle cell migration. However, the role and mechanism of Abi1 in smooth muscle migration are largely unknown. Here, Abi1 knockdown by shRNA reduced human airway smooth muscle cell migration, which was restored by Abi1 rescue. Abi1 localized at the tip of lamellipodia and its protrusion coordinated with F-actin at the leading cell edge of live cells. In addition, we identified profilin-1 (Pfn-1), a G-actin transporter, as a new partner for Abi1. Abi1 knockdown reduced the recruitment of Pfn-1 to the leading cell edge. Moreover, Abi1 knockdown reduced the localization of the actin-regulatory proteins c-Abl (Abelson tyrosine kinase) and N-WASP (neuronal Wiskott–Aldrich Syndrome Protein) at the cell edge without affecting other migration-related proteins including pVASP (phosphorylated vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein), cortactin and vinculin. Furthermore, we found that c-Abl and integrin β1 regulated the positioning of Abi1 at the leading edge. Taken together, the results suggest that Abi1 regulates cell migration by affecting Pfn-1 and N-WASP, but not pVASP, cortactin and focal adhesions. Integrin β1 and c-Abl are important for the recruitment of Abi1 to the leading edge.
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17
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Kostrzewska-Poczekaj M, Byzia E, Soloch N, Jarmuz-Szymczak M, Janiszewska J, Kowal E, Paczkowska J, Kiwerska K, Wierzbicka M, Bartochowska A, Ustaszewski A, Greczka G, Grenman R, Szyfter K, Giefing M. DIAPH2 alterations increase cellular motility and may contribute to the metastatic potential of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1251-1259. [PMID: 30793164 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low 5-year survival rate in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is to large extent attributable to high rate of recurrences and metastases. Despite the importance of the latter process, its complex genetic background remains not fully understood. Recently, we identified two metastasis-related candidate genes, DIAPH2 and DIAPH3 to be frequently targeted by hemizygous/homozygous deletions, respectively, in LSCC cell lines. They physiologically regulate such processes as cell movement and adhesion, hence we found it as a rationale, to study if tumor LSCC specimens harbor mutations of these genes and whether the mutations are associated with metastasizing tumors. As a proof of concept, we sequenced both genes in five LSCC cell lines derived from lymph node metastases assuming there the highest probability of finding alterations. Indeed, we identified one hemizygous deletion (c.3116_3240del125) in DIAPH2 targeting the FH2 domain. Moreover, we analyzed 95 LSCC tumors (53 N0 and 42 N+) using the Illumina platform and identified three heterozygous single nucleotide variants in DIAPH2 targeting conserved domains exclusively in N+ tumors. By combining these results with cBioPortal data we showed significant enrichment of DIAPH2 mutations (P = 0.036) in N+ tumors. To demonstrate the consequences of DIAPH2 inactivation, CRISPR/Cas9 editing was used to obtain a heterozygous DIAPH2+/- mutant HEK-293T cell line. Importantly, the edited line shows a shift from 'proliferation' to 'migration' phenotype typically observed in metastasizing cells. In conclusion, we report that DIAPH2 alterations are present primarily in metastasizing specimens of LSCC and suggest that they may contribute to the metastatic potential of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Byzia
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - N Soloch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Jarmuz-Szymczak
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Janiszewska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - E Kowal
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Paczkowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - K Kiwerska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Tumor Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Wierzbicka
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Bartochowska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - A Ustaszewski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - G Greczka
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - R Grenman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Turku University Central Hospital and Turku University, Turku, Finland
| | - K Szyfter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - M Giefing
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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18
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Chen J, Li N, Yin Y, Zheng N, Min M, Lin B, Zhang L, Long X, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Zhai S, Qin J, Wang X. Methyltransferase Nsd2 Ensures Germinal Center Selection by Promoting Adhesive Interactions between B Cells and Follicular Dendritic Cells. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3393-3404.e6. [PMID: 30566865 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation, which is an antigen-based selection process for B cells, occurs in germinal centers (GCs). GCB cells must efficiently recognize, acquire, and present antigens from follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) to receive positive selection signals from T helper cells. Previous studies showed that GCB cells undergo adhesive interactions with FDCs, but the regulatory mechanisms underlying the cell adhesions and their functional relevance remain unclear. Here, we identified H3K36me2 methyltransferase Nsd2 as a critical regulator of GCB cell-FDC adhesion. Nsd2 deletion modestly reduced GC responses but strongly impaired B cell affinity maturation. Mechanistically, Nsd2 directly regulated expression of multiple actin polymerization-related genes in GCB cells. Nsd2 loss reduced B cell adhesion to FDC-expressed adhesion molecules, thus affecting both B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and antigen acquisition. Overall, Nsd2 coordinates GCB positive selection by enhancing both BCR signaling and T cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ni Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuye Yin
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Min Min
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bichun Lin
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Le Zhang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Xuehui Long
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Zhenming Cai
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Sulan Zhai
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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19
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Nath D, Li X, Mondragon C, Post D, Chen M, White JR, Hryniewicz-Jankowska A, Caza T, Kuznetsov VA, Hehnly H, Jamaspishvili T, Berman DM, Zhang F, Kung SHY, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Bratslavsky G, Pandolfi PP, Kotula L. Abi1 loss drives prostate tumorigenesis through activation of EMT and non-canonical WNT signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:120. [PMID: 31530281 PMCID: PMC6749699 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer development involves various mechanisms, which are poorly understood but pointing to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) as the key mechanism in progression to metastatic disease. ABI1, a member of WAVE complex and actin cytoskeleton regulator and adaptor protein, acts as tumor suppressor in prostate cancer but the role of ABI1 in EMT is not clear. Methods To investigate the molecular mechanism by which loss of ABI1 contributes to tumor progression, we disrupted the ABI1 gene in the benign prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cell line and determined its phenotype. Levels of ABI1 expression in prostate organoid tumor cell lines was evaluated by Western blotting and RNA sequencing. ABI1 expression and its association with prostate tumor grade was evaluated in a TMA cohort of 505 patients and metastatic cell lines. Results Low ABI1 expression is associated with biochemical recurrence, metastasis and death (p = 0.038). Moreover, ABI1 expression was significantly decreased in Gleason pattern 5 vs. pattern 4 (p = 0.0025) and 3 (p = 0.0012), indicating an association between low ABI1 expression and highly invasive prostate tumors. Disruption of ABI1 gene in RWPE-1 cell line resulted in gain of an invasive phenotype, which was characterized by a loss of cell-cell adhesion markers and increased migratory ability of RWPE-1 spheroids. Through RNA sequencing and protein expression analysis, we discovered that ABI1 loss leads to activation of non-canonical WNT signaling and EMT pathways, which are rescued by re-expression of ABI1. Furthermore, an increase in STAT3 phosphorylation upon ABI1 inactivation and the evidence of a high-affinity interaction between the FYN SH2 domain and ABI1 pY421 support a model in which ABI1 acts as a gatekeeper of non-canonical WNT-EMT pathway activation downstream of the FZD2 receptor. Conclusions ABI1 controls prostate tumor progression and epithelial plasticity through regulation of EMT-WNT pathway. Here we discovered that ABI1 inhibits EMT through suppressing FYN-STAT3 activation downstream from non-canonical WNT signaling thus providing a novel mechanism of prostate tumor suppression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0410-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disharee Nath
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Claudia Mondragon
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Dawn Post
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Ming Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.,Present address: Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Julie R White
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anita Hryniewicz-Jankowska
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tiffany Caza
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Vladimir A Kuznetsov
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.,Bioinformatics Institute, A-STAR, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Tamara Jamaspishvili
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, 10 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - David M Berman
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine and Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, 10 Stuart St, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Gennady Bratslavsky
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA
| | - Pier Paolo Pandolfi
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Leszek Kotula
- Department of Urology, Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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20
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Genetic dissection of active forgetting in labile and consolidated memories in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21191-21197. [PMID: 31488722 PMCID: PMC6800343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903763116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Different memory components are forgotten through distinct molecular mechanisms. In Drosophila, the activation of 2 Rho GTPases (Rac1 and Cdc42), respectively, underlies the forgetting of an early labile memory (anesthesia-sensitive memory, ASM) and a form of consolidated memory (anesthesia-resistant memory, ARM). Here, we dissected the molecular mechanisms that tie Rac1 and Cdc42 to the different types of memory forgetting. We found that 2 WASP family proteins, SCAR/WAVE and WASp, act downstream of Rac1 and Cdc42 separately to regulate ASM and ARM forgetting in mushroom body neurons. Arp2/3 complex, which organizes branched actin polymerization, is a canonical downstream effector of WASP family proteins. However, we found that Arp2/3 complex is required in Cdc42/WASp-mediated ARM forgetting but not in Rac1/SCAR-mediated ASM forgetting. Instead, we identified that Rac1/SCAR may function with formin Diaphanous (Dia), a nucleator that facilitates linear actin polymerization, in ASM forgetting. The present study, complementing the previously identified Rac1/cofilin pathway that regulates actin depolymerization, suggests that Rho GTPases regulate forgetting by recruiting both actin polymerization and depolymerization pathways. Moreover, Rac1 and Cdc42 may regulate different types of memory forgetting by tapping into different actin polymerization mechanisms.
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21
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Cohen J, Raviv S, Adir O, Padmanabhan K, Soffer A, Luxenburg C. The Wave complex controls epidermal morphogenesis and proliferation by suppressing Wnt-Sox9 signaling. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1390-1406. [PMID: 30867227 PMCID: PMC6446834 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Wave complex promotes Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization. Cohen et al. show that Wave complex activity regulates epidermal shape and growth. Without Wave complex activity, F-actin content is down-regulated and ectopic activity of the Wnt/β-catenin–SOX9 pathway is triggered. This activity induces epidermal hyperproliferation and disrupts tissue architecture. Development of the skin epidermis requires tight spatiotemporal control over the activity of several signaling pathways; however, the mechanisms that orchestrate these events remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a key role for the Wave complex proteins ABI1 and Wave2 in regulating signals that control epidermal shape and growth. In utero RNAi-mediated silencing of Abi1 or Wasf2 induced cellular hyperproliferation and defects in architecture of the interfollicular epidermis (IFE) and delayed hair follicle growth. Unexpectedly, SOX9, a hair follicle growth regulator, was aberrantly expressed throughout the IFE of the mutant embryos, and its forced overexpression mimicked the Wave complex loss-of-function phenotype. Moreover, Wnt signaling, which regulates SOX9+ cell specification, was up-regulated in Wave complex loss-of-function IFE. Importantly, we show that the Wave complex regulates filamentous actin content and that a decrease in actin levels is sufficient to elevate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our results identify a novel role for Wave complex– and actin-regulated signaling via Wnt and SOX9 in skin development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cohen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shaul Raviv
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Orit Adir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Krishnanand Padmanabhan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Arad Soffer
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Luxenburg
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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22
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BMP-dependent synaptic development requires Abi-Abl-Rac signaling of BMP receptor macropinocytosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:684. [PMID: 30737382 PMCID: PMC6368546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Retrograde BMP trans-synaptic signaling is essential for synaptic development. Despite the importance of endocytosis-regulated BMP receptor (BMPR) control of this developmental signaling, the mechanism remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that Abelson interactor (Abi), a substrate for Abl kinase and component of the SCAR/WAVE complex, links Abl and Rac1 GTPase signaling to BMPR macropinocytosis to restrain BMP-mediated synaptic development. We find that Abi acts downstream of Abl and Rac1, and that BMP ligand Glass bottom boat (Gbb) induces macropinocytosis dependent on Rac1/SCAR signaling, Abl-mediated Abi phosphorylation, and BMPR activation. Macropinocytosis acts as the major internalization route for BMPRs at the synapse in a process driven by Gbb activation and resulting in receptor degradation. Key regulators of macropinocytosis (Rabankyrin and CtBP) control BMPR trafficking to limit BMP trans-synaptic signaling. We conclude that BMP-induced macropinocytosis acts as a BMPR homeostatic mechanism to regulate BMP-mediated synaptic development. BMP ligands act as retrograde signalling molecules to regulate presynaptic development, and regulation of BMP receptors by endocytosis may be an important component of this signalling pathway. Here, the authors show that Abi-mediated macropinocytosis of BMP receptors in Drosophila larva and contributes to neuromuscular development.
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23
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Higashi T, Stephenson RE, Miller AL. Comprehensive analysis of formin localization in Xenopus epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 30:82-95. [PMID: 30379611 PMCID: PMC6337911 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-02-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for cellular processes, including cytokinesis and cell–cell junction remodeling. Formins are conserved processive actin-polymerizing machines that regulate actin dynamics by nucleating, elongating, and bundling linear actin filaments. Because the formin family is large, with at least 15 members in vertebrates, there have not been any comprehensive studies examining formin localization and function within a common cell type. Here, we characterized the localization of all 15 formins in epithelial cells of Xenopus laevis gastrula-stage embryos. Dia1 and Dia2 localized to tight junctions, while Fhod1 and Fhod3 localized to adherens junctions. Only Dia3 strongly localized at the cytokinetic contractile ring. The Diaphanous inhibitory domain–dimerization domain (DID-DD) region of Dia1 was sufficient for Dia1 localization, and overexpression of a Dia1 DID-DD fragment competitively removed Dia1 and Dia2 from cell–cell junctions. In Dia1 DID-DD–overexpressing cells, Dia1 and Dia2 were mislocalized to the contractile ring, and cells exhibited increased cytokinesis failure. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the localization of all 15 vertebrate formins in epithelial cells and suggests that misregulated formin localization results in epithelial cytokinesis failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Higashi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Rachel E Stephenson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Ann L Miller
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
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Liu X, Peng H, Liao W, Luo A, Cai M, He J, Zhang X, Luo Z, Jiang H, Xu L. MiR-181a/b induce the growth, invasion, and metastasis of neuroblastoma cells through targeting ABI1. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1237-1250. [PMID: 29802737 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric malignancy, and the clinical phenotypes range from localized tumors with excellent outcomes to widely metastatic disease in which long-term survival is approximately 40%, despite intensive therapy. Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant miRNA regulation plays a role in neuroblastoma, but the miRNA functions and mechanisms remain unknown. miR-181 family members were detected in 32 neuroblastoma patients, and the effects of miR-181a/b on cell viability, invasion, and migration were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. A parallel global mRNA expression profile was obtained for neuroblastoma cells overexpressing miR-181a. The potential targets of miR-181a/b were validated. miR-181a/b expression levels were positively associated with MYCN amplification and neuroblastoma aggressiveness. Moreover, ectopic miR-181a/b expression significantly induced the growth and invasion of neuroblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis revealed that mRNAs were consistently downregulated after miR-181a overexpression, leading to cell migration. In addition, the expression of ABI1 was suppressed by miR-181a/b, and ABI1 was validated as a direct target of miR-181a/b. We concluded that miR-181a/b were significantly upregulated in aggressive neuroblastoma, which enhanced its tumorigenesis and progression by suppressing the expression of ABI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxia Peng
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Foshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Ailing Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mansi Cai
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyan Luo
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Efimova N, Svitkina TM. Branched actin networks push against each other at adherens junctions to maintain cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:1827-1845. [PMID: 29507127 PMCID: PMC5940301 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) are mechanosensitive cadherin-based intercellular adhesions that interact with the actin cytoskeleton and carry most of the mechanical load at cell-cell junctions. Both Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin polymerization generating pushing force and nonmuscle myosin II (NMII)-dependent contraction producing pulling force are necessary for AJ morphogenesis. Which actin system directly interacts with AJs is unknown. Using platinum replica electron microscopy of endothelial cells, we show that vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin colocalizes with Arp2/3 complex-positive actin networks at different AJ types and is positioned at the interface between two oppositely oriented branched networks from adjacent cells. In contrast, actin-NMII bundles are located more distally from the VE-cadherin-rich zone. After Arp2/3 complex inhibition, linear AJs split, leaving gaps between cells with detergent-insoluble VE-cadherin transiently associated with the gap edges. After NMII inhibition, VE-cadherin is lost from gap edges. We propose that the actin cytoskeleton at AJs acts as a dynamic push-pull system, wherein pushing forces maintain extracellular VE-cadherin transinteraction and pulling forces stabilize intracellular adhesion complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Efimova
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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26
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Abstract
Smooth muscle contraction requires both myosin activation and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. Actin cytoskeletal reorganization facilitates smooth muscle contraction by promoting force transmission between the contractile unit and the extracellular matrix (ECM), and by enhancing intercellular mechanical transduction. Myosin may be viewed to serve as an "engine" for smooth muscle contraction whereas the actin cytoskeleton may function as a "transmission system" in smooth muscle. The actin cytoskeleton in smooth muscle also undergoes restructuring upon activation with growth factors or the ECM, which controls smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Abnormal smooth muscle contraction, cell proliferation, and motility contribute to the development of vascular and pulmonary diseases. A number of actin-regulatory proteins including protein kinases have been discovered to orchestrate actin dynamics in smooth muscle. In particular, Abelson tyrosine kinase (c-Abl) is an important molecule that controls actin dynamics, contraction, growth, and motility in smooth muscle. Moreover, c-Abl coordinates the regulation of blood pressure and contributes to the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness and vascular/airway remodeling in vivo. Thus, c-Abl may be a novel pharmacological target for the development of new therapy to treat smooth muscle diseases such as hypertension and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale D Tang
- Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.
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27
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The Arp2/3 Complex Is Essential for Distinct Stages of Spine Synapse Maturation, Including Synapse Unsilencing. J Neurosci 2017; 36:9696-709. [PMID: 27629719 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0876-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Dendritic filopodia are actin-rich structures that are thought to contribute to early spine synapse formation; however, the actin regulatory proteins important for early synaptogenesis are poorly defined. Using organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and primary neuron hippocampal cultures from Arp2/3 conditional knock-out mice, we analyze the roles of the Arp2/3 complex, an actin regulator that creates branched actin networks, and demonstrate it is essential for distinct stages of both structural and functional maturation of excitatory spine synapses. Our data show that initially the Arp2/3 complex inhibits the formation of dendritic filopodia but that later during development, the Arp2/3 complex drives the morphological maturation from filopodia to typical spine morphology. Furthermore, we demonstrate that although the Arp2/3 complex is not required for key spine maturation steps, such as presynaptic contact and recruitment of MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) scaffolding proteins or NMDA receptors, it is necessary for the recruitment of AMPA receptors. This latter process, also known as synapse unsilencing, is a final and essential step in the neurodevelopment of excitatory postsynaptic synaptogenesis, setting the stage for neuronal interconnectivity. These findings provide the first evidence that the Arp2/3 complex is directly involved in functional maturation of dendritic spines during the developmental period of spinogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Excitatory spine synapse formation (spinogenesis) is a poorly understood yet pivotal period of neurodevelopment that occurs within 2-3 weeks after birth. Neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability and autism are characterized by abnormal spine structure, which may arise from abnormal excitatory synaptogenesis. The initial stage of spinogenesis is thought to begin with the emergence of actin-rich dendritic filopodia that initiate contact with presynaptic axonal boutons. However, it remains enigmatic how actin cytoskeletal regulation directs dendritic filopodial emergence or their subsequent maturation into dendritic spines during development and on into adulthood. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the Arp2/3 complex, a key actin nucleator, is involved in distinct stages of spine formation and is required for synapse unsilencing.
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28
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Collins C, Denisin AK, Pruitt BL, Nelson WJ. Changes in E-cadherin rigidity sensing regulate cell adhesion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E5835-E5844. [PMID: 28674019 PMCID: PMC5530647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618676114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical cues are sensed and transduced by cell adhesion complexes to regulate diverse cell behaviors. Extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity sensing by integrin adhesions has been well studied, but rigidity sensing by cadherins during cell adhesion is largely unexplored. Using mechanically tunable polyacrylamide (PA) gels functionalized with the extracellular domain of E-cadherin (Ecad-Fc), we showed that E-cadherin-dependent epithelial cell adhesion was sensitive to changes in PA gel elastic modulus that produced striking differences in cell morphology, actin organization, and membrane dynamics. Traction force microscopy (TFM) revealed that cells produced the greatest tractions at the cell periphery, where distinct types of actin-based membrane protrusions formed. Cells responded to substrate rigidity by reorganizing the distribution and size of high-traction-stress regions at the cell periphery. Differences in adhesion and protrusion dynamics were mediated by balancing the activities of specific signaling molecules. Cell adhesion to a 30-kPa Ecad-Fc PA gel required Cdc42- and formin-dependent filopodia formation, whereas adhesion to a 60-kPa Ecad-Fc PA gel induced Arp2/3-dependent lamellipodial protrusions. A quantitative 3D cell-cell adhesion assay and live cell imaging of cell-cell contact formation revealed that inhibition of Cdc42, formin, and Arp2/3 activities blocked the initiation, but not the maintenance of established cell-cell adhesions. These results indicate that the same signaling molecules activated by E-cadherin rigidity sensing on PA gels contribute to actin organization and membrane dynamics during cell-cell adhesion. We hypothesize that a transition in the stiffness of E-cadherin homotypic interactions regulates actin and membrane dynamics during initial stages of cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Collins
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Aleksandra K Denisin
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - W James Nelson
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
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29
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Gul IS, Hulpiau P, Saeys Y, van Roy F. Metazoan evolution of the armadillo repeat superfamily. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:525-541. [PMID: 27497926 PMCID: PMC11107757 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of armadillo repeat proteins is a fascinating archetype of modular-binding proteins involved in various fundamental cellular processes, including cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeletal organization, nuclear import, and molecular signaling. Despite their diverse functions, they all share tandem armadillo (ARM) repeats, which stack together to form a conserved three-dimensional structure. This superhelical armadillo structure enables them to interact with distinct partners by wrapping around them. Despite the important functional roles of this superfamily, a comprehensive analysis of the composition, classification, and phylogeny of this protein superfamily has not been reported. Furthermore, relatively little is known about a subset of ARM proteins, and some of the current annotations of armadillo repeats are incomplete or incorrect, often due to high similarity with HEAT repeats. We identified the entire armadillo repeat superfamily repertoire in the human genome, annotated each armadillo repeat, and performed an extensive evolutionary analysis of the armadillo repeat proteins in both metazoan and premetazoan species. Phylogenetic analyses of the superfamily classified them into several discrete branches with members showing significant sequence homology, and often also related functions. Interestingly, the phylogenetic structure of the superfamily revealed that about 30 % of the members predate metazoans and represent an ancient subset, which is gradually evolving to acquire complex and highly diverse functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Sahin Gul
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, FSVM Building, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paco Hulpiau
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, FSVM Building, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Inflammation Research Center (IRC), VIB, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, FSVM Building, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Lim IK, Choi JA, Kim EY, Kim BN, Jang S, Ryu MS, Shim SH. TIS21/BTG2 inhibits doxorubicin-induced stress fiber-vimentin networks via Nox4-ROS-ABI2-DRF-linked signal cascade. Cell Signal 2017; 30:179-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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31
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Sotthibundhu A, McDonagh K, von Kriegsheim A, Garcia-Munoz A, Klawiter A, Thompson K, Chauhan KD, Krawczyk J, McInerney V, Dockery P, Devine MJ, Kunath T, Barry F, O'Brien T, Shen S. Rapamycin regulates autophagy and cell adhesion in induced pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:166. [PMID: 27846905 PMCID: PMC5109678 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0425-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cellular reprogramming is a stressful process, which requires cells to engulf somatic features and produce and maintain stemness machineries. Autophagy is a process to degrade unwanted proteins and is required for the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). However, the role of autophagy during iPSC maintenance remains undefined. METHODS Human iPSCs were investigated by microscopy, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting to detect autophagy machinery. Cells were treated with rapamycin to activate autophagy and with bafilomycin to block autophagy during iPSC maintenance. High concentrations of rapamycin treatment unexpectedly resulted in spontaneous formation of round floating spheres of uniform size, which were analyzed for differentiation into three germ layers. Mass spectrometry was deployed to reveal altered protein expression and pathways associated with rapamycin treatment. RESULTS We demonstrate that human iPSCs express high basal levels of autophagy, including key components of APMKα, ULK1/2, BECLIN-1, ATG13, ATG101, ATG12, ATG3, ATG5, and LC3B. Block of autophagy by bafilomycin induces iPSC death and rapamycin attenuates the bafilomycin effect. Rapamycin treatment upregulates autophagy in iPSCs in a dose/time-dependent manner. High concentration of rapamycin reduces NANOG expression and induces spontaneous formation of round and uniformly sized embryoid bodies (EBs) with accelerated differentiation into three germ layers. Mass spectrometry analysis identifies actin cytoskeleton and adherens junctions as the major targets of rapamycin in mediating iPSC detachment and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS High levels of basal autophagy activity are present during iPSC derivation and maintenance. Rapamycin alters expression of actin cytoskeleton and adherens junctions, induces uniform EB formation, and accelerates differentiation. IPSCs are sensitive to enzyme dissociation and require a lengthy differentiation time. The shape and size of EBs also play a role in the heterogeneity of end cell products. This research therefore highlights the potential of rapamycin in producing uniform EBs and in shortening iPSC differentiation duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areechun Sotthibundhu
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Patumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Katya McDonagh
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Amaya Garcia-Munoz
- Systems Biology Ireland, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Klawiter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kerry Thompson
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Kapil Dev Chauhan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - Veronica McInerney
- HRB Clinical Research Facility, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Dockery
- Centre for Microscopy and Imaging, Anatomy, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael J Devine
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tilo Kunath
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Frank Barry
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sanbing Shen
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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32
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Spatial integration of E-cadherin adhesion, signalling and the epithelial cytoskeleton. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 42:138-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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33
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Hamp J, Löwer A, Dottermusch-Heidel C, Beck L, Moussian B, Flötenmeyer M, Önel SF. Drosophila Kette coordinates myoblast junction dissolution and the ratio of Scar-to-WASp during myoblast fusion. J Cell Sci 2016; 129:3426-36. [PMID: 27521427 PMCID: PMC5047678 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.175638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The fusion of founder cells and fusion-competent myoblasts (FCMs) is crucial for muscle formation in Drosophila. Characteristic events of myoblast fusion include the recognition and adhesion of myoblasts, and the formation of branched F-actin by the Arp2/3 complex at the site of cell–cell contact. At the ultrastructural level, these events are reflected by the appearance of finger-like protrusions and electron-dense plaques that appear prior to fusion. Severe defects in myoblast fusion are caused by the loss of Kette (a homolog of Nap1 and Hem-2, also known as NCKAP1 and NCKAP1L, respectively), a member of the regulatory complex formed by Scar or WAVE proteins (represented by the single protein, Scar, in flies). kette mutants form finger-like protrusions, but the electron-dense plaques are extended. Here, we show that the electron-dense plaques in wild-type and kette mutant myoblasts resemble other electron-dense structures that are known to function as cellular junctions. Furthermore, analysis of double mutants and attempts to rescue the kette mutant phenotype with N-cadherin, wasp and genes of members of the regulatory Scar complex revealed that Kette has two functions during myoblast fusion. First, Kette controls the dissolution of electron-dense plaques. Second, Kette controls the ratio of the Arp2/3 activators Scar and WASp in FCMs. Summary: The Drosophila protein Kette is essential for myoblast fusion. It controls the dissolution of electron-dense plaques and the ratio of Scar and WASp proteins in fusion-competent myoblasts during fusion pore formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hamp
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, FB Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Andreas Löwer
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, FB Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Beck
- Fachbereich Biologie, Spezielle Zoologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Bernard Moussian
- Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, Section Animal Genetics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Matthias Flötenmeyer
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Susanne-Filiz Önel
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, FB Biologie, Entwicklungsbiologie, Karl-von-Frisch Str. 8, Marburg 35043, Germany
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Rao MV, Zaidel-Bar R. Formin-mediated actin polymerization at cell-cell junctions stabilizes E-cadherin and maintains monolayer integrity during wound repair. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2844-56. [PMID: 27440924 PMCID: PMC5025271 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-06-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion is required for epithelial tissue integrity in homeostasis, during development, and in tissue repair. Fmnl3 and mDia1 cooperate in stabilizing E-cadherin at cell–cell junctions and facilitate strong cell adhesion and monolayer cohesion during collective cell migration. Cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesion is required for epithelial tissue integrity in homeostasis, during development, and in tissue repair. E-cadherin stability depends on F-actin, but the mechanisms regulating actin polymerization at cell–cell junctions remain poorly understood. Here we investigated a role for formin-mediated actin polymerization at cell–cell junctions. We identify mDia1 and Fmnl3 as major factors enhancing actin polymerization and stabilizing E-cadherin at epithelial junctions. Fmnl3 localizes to adherens junctions downstream of Src and Cdc42 and its depletion leads to a reduction in F-actin and E-cadherin at junctions and a weakening of cell–cell adhesion. Of importance, Fmnl3 expression is up-regulated and junctional localization increases during collective cell migration. Depletion of Fmnl3 or mDia1 in migrating monolayers results in dissociation of leader cells and impaired wound repair. In summary, our results show that formin activity at epithelial cell–cell junctions is important for adhesion and the maintenance of epithelial cohesion during dynamic processes, such as wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Vaman Rao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Ronen Zaidel-Bar
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411 Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575
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Rogers EM, Spracklen AJ, Bilancia CG, Sumigray KD, Allred SC, Nowotarski SH, Schaefer KN, Ritchie BJ, Peifer M. Abelson kinase acts as a robust, multifunctional scaffold in regulating embryonic morphogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:2613-31. [PMID: 27385341 PMCID: PMC4985262 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Abl kinase activity, the F-actin–binding site, and scaffolding ability in Abl’s many cell biological roles during Drosophila morphogenesis is examined. Abl is a robust multidomain scaffold with different protein motifs and activities contributing differentially to diverse cellular behaviors. Abelson family kinases (Abls) are key regulators of cell behavior and the cytoskeleton during development and in leukemia. Abl’s SH3, SH2, and tyrosine kinase domains are joined via a linker to an F-actin–binding domain (FABD). Research on Abl’s roles in cell culture led to several hypotheses for its mechanism of action: 1) Abl phosphorylates other proteins, modulating their activity, 2) Abl directly regulates the cytoskeleton via its cytoskeletal interaction domains, and/or 3) Abl is a scaffold for a signaling complex. The importance of these roles during normal development remains untested. We tested these mechanistic hypotheses during Drosophila morphogenesis using a series of mutants to examine Abl’s many cell biological roles. Strikingly, Abl lacking the FABD fully rescued morphogenesis, cell shape change, actin regulation, and viability, whereas kinase-dead Abl, although reduced in function, retained substantial rescuing ability in some but not all Abl functions. We also tested the function of four conserved motifs in the linker region, revealing a key role for a conserved PXXP motif known to bind Crk and Abi. We propose that Abl acts as a robust multidomain scaffold with different protein motifs and activities contributing differentially to diverse cellular behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward M Rogers
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Andrew J Spracklen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Colleen G Bilancia
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kaelyn D Sumigray
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - S Colby Allred
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Stephanie H Nowotarski
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Kristina N Schaefer
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Benjamin J Ritchie
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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Deng S, Bothe I, Baylies M. Diaphanous regulates SCAR complex localization during Drosophila myoblast fusion. Fly (Austin) 2016; 10:178-86. [PMID: 27314572 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2016.1195938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
From Drosophila to man, multinucleated muscle cells form through cell-cell fusion. Using Drosophila as a model system, researchers first identified, and then demonstrated, the importance of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements at the site of fusion. These actin rearrangements at the fusion site are regulated by SCAR and WASp mediated Arp2/3 activation, which nucleates branched actin networks. Loss of SCAR, WASp or both leads to defects in myoblast fusion. Recently, we have found that the actin regulator Diaphanous (Dia) also plays a role both in organizing actin and in regulating Arp2/3 activity at the fusion site. In this Extra View article, we provide additional data showing that the Abi-SCAR complex accumulates at the fusion site and that excessive SCAR activity impairs myoblast fusion. Using constitutively active Dia constructs, we provide additional evidence that Dia functions upstream of SCAR activity to regulate actin dynamics at the fusion site and to localize the Abi-SCAR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Deng
- a Graduate Program in Physiology , Biophysics & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Ingo Bothe
- b Program in Developmental Biology , Sloan Kettering Institute , New York , NY , USA
| | - Mary Baylies
- a Graduate Program in Physiology , Biophysics & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University , New York , NY , USA.,b Program in Developmental Biology , Sloan Kettering Institute , New York , NY , USA
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Cheng C, Nowak RB, Fowler VM. The lens actin filament cytoskeleton: Diverse structures for complex functions. Exp Eye Res 2016; 156:58-71. [PMID: 26971460 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The eye lens is a transparent and avascular organ in the front of the eye that is responsible for focusing light onto the retina in order to transmit a clear image. A monolayer of epithelial cells covers the anterior hemisphere of the lens, and the bulk of the lens is made up of elongated and differentiated fiber cells. Lens fiber cells are very long and thin cells that are supported by sophisticated cytoskeletal networks, including actin filaments at cell junctions and the spectrin-actin network of the membrane skeleton. In this review, we highlight the proteins that regulate diverse actin filament networks in the lens and discuss how these actin cytoskeletal structures assemble and function in epithelial and fiber cells. We then discuss methods that have been used to study actin in the lens and unanswered questions that can be addressed with novel techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Cheng
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roberta B Nowak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Velia M Fowler
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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38
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Kannan N, Tang VW. Synaptopodin couples epithelial contractility to α-actinin-4-dependent junction maturation. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:407-34. [PMID: 26504173 PMCID: PMC4621826 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201412003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel tension-sensitive junctional protein, synaptopodin, can relay biophysical input from cellular actomyosin contractility to induce biochemical changes at cell–cell contacts, resulting in structural reorganization of the junctional complex and epithelial barrier maturation. The epithelial junction experiences mechanical force exerted by endogenous actomyosin activities and from interactions with neighboring cells. We hypothesize that tension generated at cell–cell adhesive contacts contributes to the maturation and assembly of the junctional complex. To test our hypothesis, we used a hydraulic apparatus that can apply mechanical force to intercellular junction in a confluent monolayer of cells. We found that mechanical force induces α-actinin-4 and actin accumulation at the cell junction in a time- and tension-dependent manner during junction development. Intercellular tension also induces α-actinin-4–dependent recruitment of vinculin to the cell junction. In addition, we have identified a tension-sensitive upstream regulator of α-actinin-4 as synaptopodin. Synaptopodin forms a complex containing α-actinin-4 and β-catenin and interacts with myosin II, indicating that it can physically link adhesion molecules to the cellular contractile apparatus. Synaptopodin depletion prevents junctional accumulation of α-actinin-4, vinculin, and actin. Knockdown of synaptopodin and α-actinin-4 decreases the strength of cell–cell adhesion, reduces the monolayer permeability barrier, and compromises cellular contractility. Our findings underscore the complexity of junction development and implicate a control process via tension-induced sequential incorporation of junctional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha Kannan
- Program in Global Public Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801
| | - Vivian W Tang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801
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Ziske MA, Pettee KM, Khaing M, Rubinic K, Eisenmann KM. SMIFH2-mediated mDia formin functional inhibition potentiates chemotherapeutic targeting of human ovarian cancer spheroids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:33-9. [PMID: 26898799 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.02.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to a lack of effective screening or prevention protocol for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), there is a critical unmet need to develop therapeutic interventions for EOC treatment. EOC metastasis is unique. Initial dissemination is not primarily hematogenous, yet is facilitated through shedding of primary tumor cells into the peritoneal fluid and accumulating ascites. Increasingly, isolated patient spheroids point to a clinical role for spheroids in EOC metastasis. EOC spheroids are highly invasive structures that disseminate upon peritoneal mesothelium, and visceral tissues including liver and omentum. Selection for this subset of chemoresistant EOC cells could influence disease progression and/or recurrence. Thus, targeting spheroid integrity/structure may improve the chemotherapeutic responsiveness of EOC. We discovered a critical role for mammalian Diaphanous (mDia)-related formin-2 in maintaining EOC spheroid structure. Both mDia2 and the related mDia1 regulate F-actin networks critical to maintain cell-cell contacts and the integrity of multi-cellular epithelial sheets. We investigated if mDia2 functional inhibition via a small molecule inhibitor SMIFH2 combined with chemotherapeutics, such as taxol and cisplatin, inhibits the viability of EOC monolayers and clinically relevant spheroids. SMIFH2-mediated mDia formin inhibition significantly reduced both ES2 and Skov3 EOC monolayer viability while spheroid viability was minimally impacted only at the highest concentrations. Combining either cisplatin or taxol with SMIFH2 did not significantly enhance the effects of either drug alone in ES2 monolayers, while Skov3 monolayers treated with taxol or cisplatin and SMIFH2 showed significant additive inhibition of viability. ES2 spheroids were highly responsive with clear additive anti-viability effects with dual taxol or cisplatin when combined with SMIFH2 treatments. While combined taxol with SMIFH2 in spheroids showed an additive effect relative to single treatments, Skov3 spheroids showed no additive effects from combined cisplatin and SMIFH2 treatments. Our data indicate that mDia formin inhibition combined with taxol to drive enhanced and/or additive anti-viability effects targeting 3D EOC structures, including ES2 and Skov3 spheroids. Combined mDia formin inhibition with cisplatin may be most effective in EOC spheroids where cisplatin sensitivity is retained at moderate levels, such as ES2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A Ziske
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Krista M Pettee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - MaNada Khaing
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kaitlin Rubinic
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Kathryn M Eisenmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Mail Stop 1010, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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40
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Tang DD. Critical role of actin-associated proteins in smooth muscle contraction, cell proliferation, airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling. Respir Res 2015; 16:134. [PMID: 26517982 PMCID: PMC4628321 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-015-0296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling, which are largely attributed to increased airway smooth muscle contractility and cell proliferation. It is known that both chemical and mechanical stimulation regulates smooth muscle contraction. Recent studies suggest that contractile activation and mechanical stretch induce actin cytoskeletal remodeling in smooth muscle. However, the mechanisms that control actin cytoskeletal reorganization are not completely elucidated. This review summarizes our current understanding regarding how actin-associated proteins may regulate remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in airway smooth muscle. In particular, there is accumulating evidence to suggest that Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) plays a critical role in regulating airway smooth muscle contraction and cell proliferation in vitro, and airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling in vivo. These studies indicate that Abl may be a novel target for the development of new therapy to treat asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale D Tang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, MC-8, Albany, NY, 12208, USA.
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41
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Jack of all trades: functional modularity in the adherens junction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 36:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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Regulators of Actin Dynamics in Gastrointestinal Tract Tumors. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:930157. [PMID: 26345720 PMCID: PMC4539459 DOI: 10.1155/2015/930157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton underlies cell migration in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and tumor cell invasion. It has been shown that actin assembly and disassembly are precisely regulated by intracellular signaling cascades that respond to changes in the cell microenvironment, ligand binding to surface receptors, or oncogenic transformation of the cell. Actin-nucleating and actin-depolymerizing (ANFs/ADFs) and nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) regulate cytoskeletal dynamics at the leading edge of migrating cells, thereby modulating cell shape; these proteins facilitate cellular movement and mediate degradation of the surrounding extracellular matrix by secretion of lytic proteases, thus eliminating barriers for tumor cell invasion. Accordingly, expression and activity of these actin-binding proteins have been linked to enhanced metastasis and poor prognosis in a variety of malignancies. In this review, we will summarize what is known about expression patterns and the functional role of actin regulators in gastrointestinal tumors and evaluate first pharmacological approaches to prevent invasion and metastatic dissemination of malignant cells.
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Deng S, Bothe I, Baylies MK. The Formin Diaphanous Regulates Myoblast Fusion through Actin Polymerization and Arp2/3 Regulation. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005381. [PMID: 26295716 PMCID: PMC4546610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of multinucleated muscle cells through cell-cell fusion is a conserved process from fruit flies to humans. Numerous studies have shown the importance of Arp2/3, its regulators, and branched actin for the formation of an actin structure, the F-actin focus, at the fusion site. This F-actin focus forms the core of an invasive podosome-like structure that is required for myoblast fusion. In this study, we find that the formin Diaphanous (Dia), which nucleates and facilitates the elongation of actin filaments, is essential for Drosophila myoblast fusion. Following cell recognition and adhesion, Dia is enriched at the myoblast fusion site, concomitant with, and having the same dynamics as, the F-actin focus. Through analysis of Dia loss-of-function conditions using mutant alleles but particularly a dominant negative Dia transgene, we demonstrate that reduction in Dia activity in myoblasts leads to a fusion block. Significantly, no actin focus is detected, and neither branched actin regulators, SCAR or WASp, accumulate at the fusion site when Dia levels are reduced. Expression of constitutively active Dia also causes a fusion block that is associated with an increase in highly dynamic filopodia, altered actin turnover rates and F-actin distribution, and mislocalization of SCAR and WASp at the fusion site. Together our data indicate that Dia plays two roles during invasive podosome formation at the fusion site: it dictates the level of linear F-actin polymerization, and it is required for appropriate branched actin polymerization via localization of SCAR and WASp. These studies provide new insight to the mechanisms of cell-cell fusion, the relationship between different regulators of actin polymerization, and invasive podosome formation that occurs in normal development and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Deng
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ingo Bothe
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Baylies
- Graduate Program in Physiology, Biophysics & Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
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HCMV pUL135 remodels the actin cytoskeleton to impair immune recognition of infected cells. Cell Host Microbe 2015; 16:201-214. [PMID: 25121749 PMCID: PMC4150922 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Immune evasion genes help human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establish lifelong persistence. Without immune pressure, laboratory-adapted HCMV strains have undergone genetic alterations. Among these, the deletion of the UL/b' domain is associated with loss of virulence. In a screen of UL/b', we identified pUL135 as a protein responsible for the characteristic cytopathic effect of clinical HCMV strains that also protected from natural killer (NK) and T cell attack. pUL135 interacted directly with abl interactor 1 (ABI1) and ABI2 to recruit the WAVE2 regulatory complex to the plasma membrane, remodel the actin cytoskeleton and dramatically reduce the efficiency of immune synapse (IS) formation. An intimate association between F-actin filaments in target cells and the IS was dispelled by pUL135 expression. Thus, F-actin in target cells plays a critical role in synaptogenesis, and this can be exploited by pathogens to protect against cytotoxic immune effector cells. An independent interaction between pUL135 and talin disrupted cell contacts with the extracellular matrix.
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45
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García-Ponce A, Citalán-Madrid AF, Velázquez-Avila M, Vargas-Robles H, Schnoor M. The role of actin-binding proteins in the control of endothelial barrier integrity. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:20-36. [PMID: 25183310 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier of the vasculature is of utmost importance for separating the blood stream from underlying tissues. This barrier is formed by tight and adherens junctions (TJ and AJ) that form intercellular endothelial contacts. TJ and AJ are integral membrane structures that are connected to the actin cytoskeleton via various adaptor molecules. Consequently, the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating the stability of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability. While a circumferential cortical actin ring stabilises junctions, the formation of contractile stress fibres, e. g. under inflammatory conditions, can contribute to junction destabilisation. However, the role of actin-binding proteins (ABP) in the control of vascular permeability has long been underestimated. Naturally, ABP regulate permeability via regulation of actin remodelling but some actin-binding molecules can also act independently of actin and control vascular permeability via various signalling mechanisms such as activation of small GTPases. Several studies have recently been published highlighting the importance of actin-binding molecules such as cortactin, ezrin/radixin/moesin, Arp2/3, VASP or WASP for the control of vascular permeability by various mechanisms. These proteins have been described to regulate vascular permeability under various pathophysiological conditions and are thus of clinical relevance as targets for the development of treatment strategies for disorders that are characterised by vascular hyperpermeability such as sepsis. This review highlights recent advances in determining the role of ABP in the control of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Dr. Michael Schnoor, CINVESTAV del IPN, Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico, Tel.: +52 55 5747 3321, Fax: +52 55 5747 3938, E-mail:
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Abstract
An exciting frontier in biology is understanding the functions of basic cell biological machinery in complex tissues. This approach is expected to uncover novel modes of regulation as well as reveal how core machinery is repurposed by different tissues to accomplish different physiological outputs. F-actin plays roles in cell shape, adhesion, migration and signaling – diverse functions that require a specific organization established by a myriad of regulators. Here, we discuss the role of the actin nucleating Arp2/3 complex and the unexpected roles that it plays in a stratified epithelial tissue, the epidermis. While many expected phenotypes such as defects in architecture and cell adhesion were lacking, loss of the Arp2/3 complex activity resulted in epidermal barrier and differentiation defects. This teaches us that, while informative, cell culture approaches are limiting and that studies of the Arp2/3 complex in diverse tissues are expected to yield many more surprises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Lechler
- Departments of Dermatology and Cell Biology, Duke University ; Durham, NC USA
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47
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Toret CP, D'Ambrosio MV, Vale RD, Simon MA, Nelson WJ. A genome-wide screen identifies conserved protein hubs required for cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 204:265-79. [PMID: 24446484 PMCID: PMC3897182 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201306082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide screen identifies 17 regulatory hubs that modulate the levels of
the core cadherin–catenin complex and coordinate cadherin-mediated
cell–cell adhesion. Cadherins and associated catenins provide an important structural interface
between neighboring cells, the actin cytoskeleton, and intracellular signaling
pathways in a variety of cell types throughout the Metazoa. However, the full
inventory of the proteins and pathways required for cadherin-mediated adhesion
has not been established. To this end, we completed a genome-wide
(∼14,000 genes) ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) screen that targeted
Ca2+-dependent adhesion in DE-cadherin–expressing
Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells in suspension culture.
This novel screen eliminated Ca2+-independent cell–cell
adhesion, integrin-based adhesion, cell spreading, and cell migration. We
identified 17 interconnected regulatory hubs, based on protein functions and
protein–protein interactions that regulate the levels of the core
cadherin–catenin complex and coordinate cadherin-mediated
cell–cell adhesion. Representative proteins from these hubs were analyzed
further in Drosophila oogenesis, using targeted germline RNAi,
and adhesion was analyzed in Madin–Darby canine kidney mammalian
epithelial cell–cell adhesion. These experiments reveal roles for a
diversity of cellular pathways that are required for cadherin function in
Metazoa, including cytoskeleton organization, cell–substrate
interactions, and nuclear and cytoplasmic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Toret
- Department of Biology and 2 Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
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48
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Chen B, Brinkmann K, Chen Z, Pak CW, Liao Y, Shi S, Henry L, Grishin NV, Bogdan S, Rosen MK. The WAVE regulatory complex links diverse receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. Cell 2014; 156:195-207. [PMID: 24439376 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) controls actin cytoskeletal dynamics throughout the cell by stimulating the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex at distinct membrane sites. However, the factors that recruit the WRC to specific locations remain poorly understood. Here, we have identified a large family of potential WRC ligands, consisting of ∼120 diverse membrane proteins, including protocadherins, ROBOs, netrin receptors, neuroligins, GPCRs, and channels. Structural, biochemical, and cellular studies reveal that a sequence motif that defines these ligands binds to a highly conserved interaction surface of the WRC formed by the Sra and Abi subunits. Mutating this binding surface in flies resulted in defects in actin cytoskeletal organization and egg morphology during oogenesis, leading to female sterility. Our findings directly link diverse membrane proteins to the WRC and actin cytoskeleton and have broad physiological and pathological ramifications in metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Klaus Brinkmann
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Zhucheng Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chi W Pak
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yuxing Liao
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shuoyong Shi
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lisa Henry
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sven Bogdan
- Institut für Neurobiologie, Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Michael K Rosen
- Department of Biophysics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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49
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Chorzalska A, Salloum I, Shafqat H, Khan S, Marjon P, Treaba D, Schorl C, Morgan J, Bryke CR, Falanga V, Zhao TC, Reagan J, Winer E, Olszewski AJ, Al-Homsi AS, Kouttab N, Dubielecka PM. Low expression of Abelson interactor-1 is linked to acquired drug resistance in Bcr-Abl-induced leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:2165-77. [PMID: 24699303 PMCID: PMC4185277 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The basis for persistence of leukemic stem cells in the bone marrow microenvironment (BMME) remains poorly understood. We present evidence that signaling crosstalk between α4 integrin and Abelson interactor-1 (Abi-1) is involved in acquisition of an anchorage-dependent phenotype and drug resistance in Bcr-Abl positive leukemia cells. Comparison of Abi-1 (ABI-1) and α4 integrin (ITGA4) gene expression in relapsing Bcr-Abl positive CD34+ progenitor cells demonstrated a reduction in Abi-1 and an increase in α4 integrin mRNA in the absence of Bcr-Abl mutations. This inverse correlation between Abi-1 and α4 integrin expression, as well as linkage to elevated phospho-Akt and phospho-Erk signaling, was confirmed in imatinib mesylate (IM) resistant leukemic cells. These results indicate that the α4-Abi-1 signaling pathway may mediate acquisition of the drug resistant phenotype of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chorzalska
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIH Center of Biomedical Excellence (COBRE) for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - I Salloum
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIH Center of Biomedical Excellence (COBRE) for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - H Shafqat
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIH Center of Biomedical Excellence (COBRE) for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - S Khan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIH Center of Biomedical Excellence (COBRE) for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - P Marjon
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIH Center of Biomedical Excellence (COBRE) for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - D Treaba
- Hematopathology Laboratories at Rhode Island Hospital and Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C Schorl
- Genomics Core Facility, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Morgan
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Core Facility, NIH Center of Biomedical Excellence (COBRE) for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C R Bryke
- Cytogenetics, Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, Chantilly, VA, USA
| | - V Falanga
- 1] Department of Dermatology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA [2] Departments of Dermatology and Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T C Zhao
- Cardiovascular Lab, Department of Surgery, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J Reagan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - E Winer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A J Olszewski
- Memorial Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown University Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Pawtucket, RI, USA
| | - A S Al-Homsi
- Adult Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Spectrum Health, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - N Kouttab
- Department of Pathology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
| | - P M Dubielecka
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, NIH Center of Biomedical Excellence (COBRE) for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA
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50
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Pettee KM, Dvorak KM, Nestor-Kalinoski AL, Eisenmann KM. An mDia2/ROCK signaling axis regulates invasive egress from epithelial ovarian cancer spheroids. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90371. [PMID: 24587343 PMCID: PMC3938721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-cellular spheroids are enriched in ascites of epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) patients. They represent an invasive and chemoresistant cellular population fundamental to metastatic dissemination. The molecular mechanisms triggering single cell invasive egress from spheroids remain enigmatic. mDia formins are Rho GTPase effectors that are key regulators of F-actin cytoskeletal dynamics. We hypothesized that mDia2-driven F-actin dynamics promote single cell invasive transitions in clinically relevant three-dimensional (3D) OvCa spheroids. The current study is a dissection of the contribution of the F-actin assembly factor mDia2 formin in invasive transitions and using a clinically relevant ovarian cancer spheroid model. We show that RhoA-directed mDia2 activity is required for tight spheroid organization, and enrichment of mDia2 in the invasive cellular protrusions of collagen-embedded OVCA429 spheroids. Depleting mDia2 in ES-2 spheroids enhanced invasive dissemination of single amoeboid-shaped cells. This contrasts with spheroids treated with control siRNA, where a mesenchymal invasion program predominated. Inhibition of another RhoA effector, ROCK, had no impact on ES-2 spheroid formation but dramatically inhibited spheroid invasion through induction of a highly elongated morphology. Concurrent inhibition of ROCK and mDia2 blocked single cell invasion from ES-2 spheroids more effectively than inhibition of either protein alone, indicating that invasive egress of amoeboid cells from mDia2-depleted spheroids is ROCK-dependent. Our findings indicate that multiple GTPase effectors must be suppressed in order to fully block invasive egress from ovarian cancer spheroids. Furthermore, tightly regulated interplay between ROCK and mDia2 signaling pathways dictates the invasive capacities and the type of invasion program utilized by motile spheroid-derived ovarian cancer cells. As loss of the gene encoding mDia2, DRF3, has been linked to cancer progression and metastasis, our results set the stage for understanding molecular mechanisms involved in mDia2-dependent egress of invasive cells from primary epithelial tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Actin Cytoskeleton/chemistry
- Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
- Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Female
- Formins
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/genetics
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/metabolism
- Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial/pathology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Spheroids, Cellular/metabolism
- Spheroids, Cellular/pathology
- rho-Associated Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- rho-Associated Kinases/genetics
- rho-Associated Kinases/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M. Pettee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kaitlyn M. Dvorak
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Andrea L. Nestor-Kalinoski
- Department of Surgery, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kathryn M. Eisenmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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