1
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Tian W, Zhou J, Bartlett A, Zeng Q, Liu H, Castanon RG, Kenworthy M, Altshul J, Valadon C, Aldridge A, Nery JR, Chen H, Xu J, Johnson ND, Lucero J, Osteen JK, Emerson N, Rink J, Lee J, Li Y, Siletti K, Liem M, Claffey N, O’Connor C, Yanny AM, Nyhus J, Dee N, Casper T, Shapovalova N, Hirschstein D, Ding SL, Hodge R, Levi BP, Keene CD, Linnarsson S, Lein E, Ren B, Behrens MM, Ecker JR. Single-cell DNA methylation and 3D genome architecture in the human brain. Science 2023; 382:eadf5357. [PMID: 37824674 PMCID: PMC10572106 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf5357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Delineating the gene-regulatory programs underlying complex cell types is fundamental for understanding brain function in health and disease. Here, we comprehensively examined human brain cell epigenomes by probing DNA methylation and chromatin conformation at single-cell resolution in 517 thousand cells (399 thousand neurons and 118 thousand non-neurons) from 46 regions of three adult male brains. We identified 188 cell types and characterized their molecular signatures. Integrative analyses revealed concordant changes in DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, chromatin organization, and gene expression across cell types, cortical areas, and basal ganglia structures. We further developed single-cell methylation barcodes that reliably predict brain cell types using the methylation status of select genomic sites. This multimodal epigenomic brain cell atlas provides new insights into the complexity of cell-type-specific gene regulation in adult human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jingtian Zhou
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Qiurui Zeng
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rosa G. Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Mia Kenworthy
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jordan Altshul
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cynthia Valadon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Aldridge
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R. Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Huaming Chen
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jiaying Xu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas D. Johnson
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jacinta Lucero
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Julia K. Osteen
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nora Emerson
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jon Rink
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kimberly Siletti
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet; 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michelle Liem
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Naomi Claffey
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caz O’Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Julie Nyhus
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tamara Casper
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Song-Lin Ding
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rebecca Hodge
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Boaz P. Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - C. Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet; 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science; Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bing Ren
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Center for Epigenomics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M. Margarita Behrens
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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2
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Hawkes R. Cerebellar Patterning Defects in Mutant Mice. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:787425. [PMID: 34955734 PMCID: PMC8692567 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.787425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar cortex is highly compartmentalized and serves as a remarkable model for pattern formation throughout the brain. In brief, the adult cerebellar cortex is subdivided into five anteroposterior units—transverse zones—and subsequently, each zone is divided into ∼20 parasagittal stripes. Zone-and-stripe pattern formation involves the interplay of two parallel developmental pathways—one for inhibitory neurons, the second for excitatory. In the inhibitory pathway, progenitor cells of the 4th ventricle generate the Purkinje cells and inhibitory interneurons. In the excitatory pathway, progenitor cells in the upper rhombic lip give rise to the external granular layer, and subsequently to the granular layer of the adult. Both the excitatory and inhibitory developmental pathways are spatially patterned and the interactions of the two generate the complex topography of the adult. This review briefly describes the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underly zone-and-stripe development with a particular focus on mutations known to interfere with normal cerebellar development and the light they cast on the mechanisms of pattern formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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3
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Shao M, Zhang Q, Truong A, Shan B, Vishvanath L, Li L, Seale P, Gupta RK. ZFP423 controls EBF2 coactivator recruitment and PPARγ occupancy to determine the thermogenic plasticity of adipocytes. Genes Dev 2021; 35:1461-1474. [PMID: 34620682 PMCID: PMC8559675 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348780.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Energy-storing white adipocytes maintain their identity by suppressing the energy-burning thermogenic gene program of brown and beige adipocytes. Here, we reveal that the protein-protein interaction between the transcriptional coregulator ZFP423 and brown fat determination factor EBF2 is essential for restraining the thermogenic phenotype of white adipose tissue (WAT). Disruption of the ZFP423-EBF2 protein interaction through CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing triggers widespread "browning" of WAT in adult mice. Mechanistically, ZFP423 recruits the NuRD corepressor complex to EBF2-bound thermogenic gene enhancers. Loss of adipocyte Zfp423 induces an EBF2 NuRD-to-BAF coregulator switch and a shift in PPARγ occupancy to thermogenic genes. This shift in PPARγ occupancy increases the antidiabetic efficacy of the PPARγ agonist rosiglitazone in obesity while diminishing the unwanted weight-gaining effect of the drug. These data indicate that ZFP423 controls EBF2 coactivator recruitment and PPARγ occupancy to determine the thermogenic plasticity of adipocytes and highlight the potential of therapeutically targeting transcriptional brakes to induce beige adipocyte biogenesis in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Ashley Truong
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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4
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Casoni F, Croci L, Vincenti F, Podini P, Riba M, Massimino L, Cremona O, Consalez GG. ZFP423 regulates early patterning and multiciliogenesis in the hindbrain choroid plexus. Development 2020; 147:dev.190173. [PMID: 33046507 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (ChP) is a secretory tissue that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secreted into the ventricular system. It is a monolayer of secretory, multiciliated epithelial cells derived from neuroepithelial progenitors and overlying a stroma of mesenchymal cells of mesodermal origin. Zfp423, which encodes a Kruppel-type zinc-finger transcription factor essential for cerebellar development and mutated in rare cases of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia/Joubert syndrome and other ciliopathies, is expressed in the hindbrain roof plate, from which the IV ventricle ChP arises, and, later, in mesenchymal cells, which give rise to the stroma and leptomeninges. Mouse Zfp423 mutants display a marked reduction of the hindbrain ChP (hChP), which: (1) fails to express established markers of its secretory function and genes implicated in its development and maintenance (Lmx1a and Otx2); (2) shows a perturbed expression of signaling pathways previously unexplored in hChP patterning (Wnt3); and (3) displays a lack of multiciliated epithelial cells and a profound dysregulation of master genes of multiciliogenesis (Gmnc). Our results propose that Zfp423 is a master gene and one of the earliest known determinants of hChP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Casoni
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy .,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | | | - Paola Podini
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Michela Riba
- Center for Omics Sciences, IRCCS, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Luca Massimino
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
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5
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Strain-Dependent Modifier Genes Determine Survival in Zfp423 Mice. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2020; 10:4241-4247. [PMID: 32967895 PMCID: PMC7642944 DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Zfp423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that interacts with canonical signaling and lineage pathways. Mutations in mouse Zfp423 or its human ortholog ZNF423 are associated with a range of developmental abnormalities reminiscent of ciliopathies, including cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and other midline brain defects. Null mice have reduced viability in most strain backgrounds. Here we show complete lethality on a C57BL/6J background, dominant rescue in backcrosses to any of 13 partner strains, with strain-dependent survival frequencies, and evidence for a BALB/c-derived survival modifier locus on chromosome 5. Survival data indicate both perinatal and postnatal periods of lethality. Anatomical data from a hypomorphic gene trap allele observed on both C57BL/6J and BALB/c congenic backgrounds shows an aggregate effect of background on sensitivity to Zfp423 loss rather than a binary effect on viability.
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6
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Shan B, Shao M, Zhang Q, Hepler C, Paschoal VA, Barnes SD, Vishvanath L, An YA, Jia L, Malladi VS, Strand DW, Gupta OT, Elmquist JK, Oh D, Gupta RK. Perivascular mesenchymal cells control adipose-tissue macrophage accrual in obesity. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1332-1349. [PMID: 33139957 PMCID: PMC7669663 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade white adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation is a hallmark of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Here, we demonstrate that a subpopulation of mouse WAT perivascular (PDGFRβ+) cells, termed fibro-inflammatory progenitors (FIPs), activate proinflammatory signalling cascades shortly after the onset of high-fat diet feeding and regulate proinflammatory macrophage accumulation in WAT in a TLR4-dependent manner. FIPs activation in obesity is mediated by the downregulation of zinc-finger protein 423 (ZFP423), identified here as a transcriptional corepressor of NF-κB. ZFP423 suppresses the DNA-binding capacity of the p65 subunit of NF-κB by inducing a p300-to-NuRD coregulator switch. Doxycycline-inducible expression of Zfp423 in PDGFRβ+ cells suppresses inflammatory signalling in FIPs and attenuates metabolic inflammation of visceral WAT in obesity. Inducible inactivation of Zfp423 in PDGFRβ+ cells increases FIP activity, exacerbates adipose macrophage accrual and promotes WAT dysfunction. These studies implicate perivascular mesenchymal cells as important regulators of chronic adipose-tissue inflammation in obesity and identify ZFP423 as a transcriptional break on NF-κB signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Shan
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qianbin Zhang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vivian A Paschoal
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Spencer D Barnes
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lin Jia
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Venkat S Malladi
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Douglas W Strand
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Olga T Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joel K Elmquist
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Dayoung Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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7
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Xin W, Zhang M, Yu Y, Li S, Ma C, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zheng X, Zhang L, Zhao X, Pei X, Zhu D. BCAT1 binds the RNA-binding protein ZNF423 to activate autophagy via the IRE1-XBP-1-RIDD axis in hypoxic PASMCs. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:764. [PMID: 32938905 PMCID: PMC7494854 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02930-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal functional changes in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells are the main causes of many lung diseases. Among, autophagy plays a crucial role. However, the specific molecular regulatory mechanism of autophagy in PASMCs remains unclear. Here, we first demonstrate that BCAT1 played a key role in the autophagy of hypoxic PASMCs and hypoxic model rats. BCAT1-induced activation and accumulation of the autophagy signaling proteins BECN1 and Atg5 by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Interestingly, we discovered that BCAT1 bound IRE1 on the ER to activate expression of its downstream pathway XBP-1-RIDD axis to activate autophagy. More importantly, we identified an RNA-binding protein, zinc finger protein 423, which promoted autophagy by binding adenylate/uridylate (AU)-rich elements in the BCAT1 mRNA 3′-untranslated region. Overall, our results identify BCAT1 as a potential therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of lung diseases and reveal a novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism and signaling pathway in hypoxia-induced PASMC autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,Division of Cardiology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Songlin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, P.R. China
| | - Cui Ma
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Junting Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Yiying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Department of Genetic and Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xijuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China.,College of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Xuzhong Pei
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China
| | - Daling Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China. .,Central Laboratory of Harbin Medical University (Daqing), Daqing, 163319, P.R. China. .,State Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Daqing, 163319, P.R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, P.R. China.
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8
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Deshpande O, Lara RZ, Zhang OR, Concepcion D, Hamilton BA. ZNF423 patient variants, truncations, and in-frame deletions in mice define an allele-dependent range of midline brain abnormalities. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1009017. [PMID: 32925911 PMCID: PMC7515201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpreting rare variants remains a challenge in personal genomics, especially for disorders with several causal genes and for genes that cause multiple disorders. ZNF423 encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein that intersects several developmental pathways. ZNF423 has been implicated in rare neurodevelopmental disorders, consistent with midline brain defects in Zfp423-mutant mice, but pathogenic potential of most patient variants remains uncertain. We engineered ~50 patient-derived and small deletion variants into the highly-conserved mouse ortholog and examined neuroanatomical measures for 791 littermate pairs. Three substitutions previously asserted pathogenic appeared benign, while a fourth was effectively null. Heterozygous premature termination codon (PTC) variants showed mild haploabnormality, consistent with loss-of-function intolerance inferred from human population data. In-frame deletions of specific zinc fingers showed mild to moderate abnormalities, as did low-expression variants. These results affirm the need for functional validation of rare variants in biological context and demonstrate cost-effective modeling of neuroanatomical abnormalities in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojas Deshpande
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Raquel Z. Lara
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Oliver R. Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Concepcion
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Hamilton
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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9
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Addison WN, Hall KC, Kokabu S, Matsubara T, Fu MM, Gori F, Baron R. Zfp423 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Regeneration and Proliferation. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00447-18. [PMID: 30692273 PMCID: PMC6447414 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00447-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite cells (SCs) are skeletal muscle stem cells that proliferate in response to injury and provide myogenic precursors for growth and repair. Zfp423 is a transcriptional cofactor expressed in multiple immature cell populations, such as neuronal precursors, mesenchymal stem cells, and preadipocytes, where it regulates lineage allocation, proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we show that Zfp423 regulates myogenic progression during muscle regeneration. Zfp423 is undetectable in quiescent SCs but becomes expressed during SC activation. After expansion, Zfp423 is gradually downregulated as committed SCs terminally differentiate. Mice with satellite-cell-specific Zfp423 deletion exhibit severely impaired muscle regeneration following injury, with aberrant SC expansion, defective cell cycle exit, and failure to transition efficiently from the proliferative stage toward commitment. Consistent with a cell-autonomous role of Zfp423, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Zfp423 in myoblasts inhibits differentiation. Surprisingly, forced expression of Zfp423 in myoblasts induces differentiation into adipocytes and arrests myogenesis. Affinity purification of Zfp423 in myoblasts identified Satb2 as a nuclear partner of Zfp423 that cooperatively enhances Zfp423 transcriptional activity, which in turn affects myoblast differentiation. In conclusion, by controlling SC expansion and proliferation, Zfp423 is essential for muscle regeneration. Tight regulation of Zfp423 expression is essential for normal progression of muscle progenitors from proliferation to differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/cytology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Proliferation/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle Development/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/cytology
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Regeneration/physiology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/cytology
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/metabolism
- Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- William N Addison
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine C Hall
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shoichiro Kokabu
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuma Matsubara
- Division of Molecular Signaling and Biochemistry, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Martin M Fu
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Francesca Gori
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Behrouznezhad F, Ejeian F, Emadi-Baygi M, Nikpour P, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Hypothesis: A Challenge of Overexpression Zfp521 in Neural Tendency of Derived Dental Pulp Stem Cells. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 21:99-102. [PMID: 30507095 PMCID: PMC6275419 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have now become a major challenge, especially in aged societies. Most of the traditional
strategies used for treatment of these diseases are untargeted and have little efficiency. Developments in stem cell
investigations have given much attention to cell therapy as an alternative concept in the regeneration of neural tissues.
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can be readily obtained by noninvasive procedures and have been shown to possess
properties similar to well-known mesenchymal stem cells. Furthermore, based on their neural crest origin, DPSCs
are considered to have a good potential to differentiate into neural cells. Zfp521 is a transcription factor that regulates
expression of many genes, including ones involved in the neural differentiation process. Therefor based on neural crest
origin of the cell and high expression of neural progenitor markers, we speculate that sole overexpression of Zfp521
protein can facilitate differentiation of dental stem cells to neural cells and researchers may find these cells suitable for
therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Behrouznezhad
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ejeian
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Modjtaba Emadi-Baygi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Parvaneh Nikpour
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran. Electronic Address:
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11
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Hernandez S, Qing J, Thibodeau RH, Du X, Park S, Lee HM, Xu M, Oh S, Navarro A, Roose-Girma M, Newman RJ, Warming S, Nannini M, Sampath D, Kim JM, Grogan JL, Mellman I. The Kinase Activity of Hematopoietic Progenitor Kinase 1 Is Essential for the Regulation of T Cell Function. Cell Rep 2018; 25:80-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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12
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Zinc Finger Protein 521 Regulates Early Hematopoiesis through Cell-Extrinsic Mechanisms in the Bone Marrow Microenvironment. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:MCB.00603-17. [PMID: 29915154 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00603-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein 521 (ZFP521), a DNA-binding protein containing 30 Krüppel-like zinc fingers, has been implicated in the differentiation of multiple cell types, including hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) and B lymphocytes. Here, we report a novel role for ZFP521 in regulating the earliest stages of hematopoiesis and lymphoid cell development via a cell-extrinsic mechanism. Mice with inactivated Zfp521 genes (Zfp521-/-) possess reduced frequencies and numbers of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, common lymphoid progenitors, and B and T cell precursors. Notably, ZFP521 deficiency changes bone marrow microenvironment cytokine levels and gene expression within resident HSPC, consistent with a skewing of hematopoiesis away from lymphopoiesis. These results advance our understanding of ZFP521's role in normal hematopoiesis, justifying further research to assess its potential as a target for cancer therapies.
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13
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Shao M, Gupta RK. Transcriptional brakes on the road to adipocyte thermogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:20-28. [PMID: 29800720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
White adipocytes represent the principle site for energy storage whereas brown/beige adipocytes emerge from seemingly distinct cellular lineages and burn chemical energy to produce heat. Thermogenic adipocytes utilize cell-type selective master regulatory transcription factors to drive the expression of their adipocyte thermogenic gene program. White adipocytes harbor transcriptional mechanisms to suppress the thermogenic gene program and maintain an energy-storing function. Here, we summarize some of the key developmental and transcriptional mechanisms leading to the postnatal recruitment of thermogenic adipocytes under physiological conditions, with a particular emphasis on the transcriptional "brakes" on the thermogenic gene program. We highlight a number of recent studies, including our own work on the transcription factor, ZFP423, that illustrate the potential to engineer the subcutaneous and visceral white fat lineages to adopt a thermogenic fat cell fate by releasing the inhibition of the adipocyte thermogenic gene program. These transcriptional brakes on adipocyte thermogenesis may represent potential targets of therapeutic interventions designed to combat obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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14
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Bond HM, Scicchitano S, Chiarella E, Amodio N, Lucchino V, Aloisio A, Montalcini Y, Mesuraca M, Morrone G. ZNF423: A New Player in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:255. [PMID: 29867779 PMCID: PMC5968090 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventive therapy can target hormone-responsive breast cancer (BC) by treatment with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and reduce the incidence of BC. Genome-wide association studies have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with relevant predictive values, SNPs in the ZNF423 gene were associated with decreased risk of BC during SERM therapy, and SNPs in the Cathepsin O gene with an increased risk. ZNF423, which was not previously associated with BC is a multifunctional transcription factor known to have a role in development, neurogenesis, and adipogenesis and is implicated in other types of cancer. ZNF423 is transcriptionally controlled by the homolog ZNF521, early B cell factor transcription factor, epigenetic silencing of the promoter by CpG island hyper-methylation, and also by ZNF423 itself in an auto-regulatory loop. In BC cells, ZNF423 expression is found to be induced by estrogen, dependent on the binding of the estrogen receptor and calmodulin-like 3 to SNPs in ZNP423 intronic sites in proximity to consensus estrogen response elements. ZNF423 has also been shown to play a mechanistic role by trans-activating the tumor suppressor BRCA1 and thus modulating the DNA damage response. Even though recent extensive trial studies did not classify these SNPs with the highest predictive values, for inclusion in polygenic SNP analysis, the mechanism unveiled in these studies has introduced ZNF423 as a factor important in the control of the estrogen response. Here, we aim at providing an overview of ZNF423 expression and functional role in human malignancies, with a specific focus on its implication in hormone-responsive BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
| | - Stefania Scicchitano
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuela Chiarella
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Laboratory of Medical Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annamaria Aloisio
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ylenia Montalcini
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Mesuraca
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
| | - Giovanni Morrone
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Heather M. Bond, ; Maria Mesuraca, ; Giovanni Morrone,
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15
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Secco B, Camiré É, Brière MA, Caron A, Billong A, Gélinas Y, Lemay AM, Tharp KM, Lee PL, Gobeil S, Guimond JV, Patey N, Guertin DA, Stahl A, Haddad É, Marsolais D, Bossé Y, Birsoy K, Laplante M. Amplification of Adipogenic Commitment by VSTM2A. Cell Rep 2017; 18:93-106. [PMID: 28052263 PMCID: PMC5551894 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite progress in our comprehension of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue development, the nature of the factors that functionally characterize adipose precursors is still elusive. Defining the early steps regulating adipocyte development is needed for the generation of tools to control adipose tissue size and function. Here, we report the discovery of V-set and transmembrane domain containing 2A (VSTM2A) as a protein expressed and secreted by committed preadipocytes. VSTM2A expression is elevated in the early phases of adipogenesis in vitro and adipose tissue development in vivo. We show that VSTM2A-producing cells associate with the vasculature and express the common surface markers of adipocyte progenitors. Overexpression of VSTM2A induces adipogenesis, whereas its depletion impairs this process. VSTM2A controls preadipocyte determination at least in part by modulating BMP signaling and PPARγ2 activation. We propose a model in which VSTM2A is produced to preserve and amplify the adipogenic capability of adipose precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Secco
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Étienne Camiré
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marc-Antoine Brière
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Armande Billong
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Yves Gélinas
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Anne-Marie Lemay
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Kevin M Tharp
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter L Lee
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Stéphane Gobeil
- Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CHU de Québec), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Jean V Guimond
- CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'ile-de-Montréal, CLSC des Faubourgs, 66 rue Sainte-Catherine Est, Montréal, QC H2X 1K6, Canada
| | - Natacha Patey
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Justine (CHU de Sainte-Justine), Faculté de Médecine, Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, 3175 Chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - David A Guertin
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Program in Molecular Medicine, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Program for Metabolic Biology, Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Élie Haddad
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sainte-Justine (CHU de Sainte-Justine), Faculté de Médecine, Département de pédiatrie et Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie, Université de Montréal, 3175 Chemin Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - David Marsolais
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Kivanc Birsoy
- Laboratory of Metabolic Regulation and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mathieu Laplante
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (CRIUCPQ), Université Laval, Faculté de médecine, 2725 Chemin Ste-Foy, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
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16
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Casoni F, Croci L, Bosone C, D'Ambrosio R, Badaloni A, Gaudesi D, Barili V, Sarna JR, Tessarollo L, Cremona O, Hawkes R, Warming S, Consalez GG. Zfp423/ZNF423 regulates cell cycle progression, the mode of cell division and the DNA-damage response in Purkinje neuron progenitors. Development 2017; 144:3686-3697. [PMID: 28893945 DOI: 10.1242/dev.155077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The Zfp423/ZNF423 gene encodes a 30-zinc-finger transcription factor involved in key developmental pathways. Although null Zfp423 mutants develop cerebellar malformations, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. ZNF423 mutations are associated with Joubert Syndrome, a ciliopathy causing cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and ataxia. ZNF423 participates in the DNA-damage response (DDR), raising questions regarding its role as a regulator of neural progenitor cell cycle progression in cerebellar development. To characterize in vivo the function of ZFP423 in neurogenesis, we analyzed allelic murine mutants in which distinct functional domains are deleted. One deletion impairs mitotic spindle orientation, leading to premature cell cycle exit and Purkinje cell (PC) progenitor pool deletion. The other deletion impairs PC differentiation. In both mutants, cell cycle progression is remarkably delayed and DDR markers are upregulated in cerebellar ventricular zone progenitors. Our in vivo evidence sheds light on the domain-specific roles played by ZFP423 in different aspects of PC progenitor development, and at the same time strengthens the emerging notion that an impaired DDR may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of JS and other ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Casoni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Laura Croci
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Camilla Bosone
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Ambrosio
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Aurora Badaloni
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Davide Gaudesi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Valeria Barili
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Justyna R Sarna
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - Ottavio Cremona
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Richard Hawkes
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Søren Warming
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA
| | - G Giacomo Consalez
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy .,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan 20132, Italy
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17
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Hepler C, Shao M, Xia JY, Ghaben AL, Pearson MJ, Vishvanath L, Sharma AX, Morley TS, Holland WL, Gupta RK. Directing visceral white adipocyte precursors to a thermogenic adipocyte fate improves insulin sensitivity in obese mice. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28722653 PMCID: PMC5552276 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adiposity confers significant risk for developing metabolic disease in obesity whereas preferential expansion of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) appears protective. Unlike subcutaneous WAT, visceral WAT is resistant to adopting a protective thermogenic phenotype characterized by the accumulation of Ucp1+ beige/BRITE adipocytes (termed ‘browning’). In this study, we investigated the physiological consequences of browning murine visceral WAT by selective genetic ablation of Zfp423, a transcriptional suppressor of the adipocyte thermogenic program. Zfp423 deletion in fetal visceral adipose precursors (Zfp423loxP/loxP; Wt1-Cre), or adult visceral white adipose precursors (PdgfrbrtTA; TRE-Cre; Zfp423loxP/loxP), results in the accumulation of beige-like thermogenic adipocytes within multiple visceral adipose depots. Thermogenic visceral WAT improves cold tolerance and prevents and reverses insulin resistance in obesity. These data indicate that beneficial visceral WAT browning can be engineered by directing visceral white adipocyte precursors to a thermogenic adipocyte fate, and suggest a novel strategy to combat insulin resistance in obesity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27669.001 Mammals have different types of fat cells in their bodies. White fat cells store energy for later use, and brown and beige fat cells burn energy to help keep the body warm. Individuals who are obese typically have too many white fat cells in and around their belly. This belly fat, also called visceral fat, accumulates around the organs and is believed to contribute to metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease. Individuals who are obese also have relatively few brown and beige energy-burning fat cells. Boosting the amount of brown and beige fat in individuals who are obese has been proposed as a potential way to reduce their risk of metabolic disease. One way to do this would be to encourage white visceral fat cells to become more like energy-burning beige or brown fat cells. Recent research has shown that white fat cells contain higher amounts of a protein called Zfp423 than brown or beige fat cells. This protein turns off the genes that fat cells use to burn energy and so keeps white fat cells in an energy-storing state. Now, Hepler et al. show that genetically modifying mice to turn off the gene that produces Zfp423 specifically in the precursor cells that become white fat cells causes more energy-burning beige cells to appear in their visceral fat. The genetically modified mice were better able to tolerate cold than normal mice. When placed on a high-fat diet, the modified mice were also less likely to become resistant to the effects of the hormone insulin – a process that can lead to the development of type 2 diabetes and may be linked to heart disease. This suggests that treatments that prevent Zfp423 from working in fat cells could help to treat or prevent diabetes and heart disease in people who are obese. Before such treatments can be developed, further work is needed to investigate how Zfp423 works in more detail, and to confirm that it has the same effects in human fat cells as it does in mice. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.27669.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Jonathan Y Xia
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Alexandra L Ghaben
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Mackenzie J Pearson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Ankit X Sharma
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Thomas S Morley
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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18
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Senger K, Pham VC, Varfolomeev E, Hackney JA, Corzo CA, Collier J, Lau VWC, Huang Z, Hamidzhadeh K, Caplazi P, Peng I, Setiadi AF, Francis R, Paler-Martinez A, Kwon YC, Ramirez-Carrozzi V, Sun Y, Grigg PW, Roose-Girma M, Jeet S, Barck KH, Pham A, Ota N, Ha C, Stinson J, Guillory J, Tam L, Modrusan Z, Emson C, McKenzie BS, Townsend MJ, Carano RAD, Warming S, Vucic D, DeVoss J, Lee WP, Lill JR, Zarrin AA. The kinase TPL2 activates ERK and p38 signaling to promote neutrophilic inflammation. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/475/eaah4273. [PMID: 28420753 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2; also known as MAP3K8) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase (MAP3K) that phosphorylates the MAPK kinases MEK1 and MEK2 (MEK1/2), which, in turn, activate the MAPKs extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) and ERK2 (ERK1/2) in macrophages stimulated through the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), or the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR). We describe a conserved and critical role for TPL2 in mediating the effector functions of neutrophils through the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Gene expression profiling and functional studies of neutrophils and monocytes revealed a MEK1/2-independent branch point downstream of TPL2 in neutrophils. Biochemical analyses identified the MAPK kinases MEK3 and MEK6 and the MAPKs p38α and p38δ as downstream effectors of TPL2 in these cells. Genetic ablation of the catalytic activity of TPL2 or therapeutic intervention with a TPL2-specific inhibitor reduced the production of inflammatory mediators by neutrophils in response to stimulation with the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, as well as in rodent models of inflammatory disease. Together, these data suggest that TPL2 is a drug target that activates not only MEK1/2-dependent but also MEK3/6-dependent signaling to promote inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Senger
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Eugene Varfolomeev
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason A Hackney
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Cesar A Corzo
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jenna Collier
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Vivian W C Lau
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kajal Hamidzhadeh
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Patrick Caplazi
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ivan Peng
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - A Francesca Setiadi
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ross Francis
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Youngsu C Kwon
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Yonglian Sun
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Patricia W Grigg
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Surinder Jeet
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Kai H Barck
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Anna Pham
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Naruhisa Ota
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Connie Ha
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jeremy Stinson
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Guillory
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lucinda Tam
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Zora Modrusan
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Claire Emson
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Brent S McKenzie
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Michael J Townsend
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Richard A D Carano
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Domagoj Vucic
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jason DeVoss
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Wyne P Lee
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jennie R Lill
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Ali A Zarrin
- Genentech Research, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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19
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Effects of Cdh23 single nucleotide substitutions on age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6 and 129S1/Sv mice and comparisons with congenic strains. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44450. [PMID: 28287619 PMCID: PMC5347380 DOI: 10.1038/srep44450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A single nucleotide variant (SNV) of the cadherin 23 gene (Cdh23c.753A), common to many inbred mouse strains, accelerates age-related hearing loss (AHL) and can worsen auditory phenotypes of other mutations. We used homologous recombination in C57BL/6 NJ (B6N) and 129S1/SvImJ (129S1) embryonic stem cells to engineer mouse strains with reciprocal single base pair substitutions (B6-Cdh23c.753A>G and 129S1-Cdh23c.753G>A). We compared ABR thresholds and cochlear pathologies of these SNV mice with those of congenic (B6.129S1-Cdh23Ahl+ and 129S1.B6-Cdh23ahl) and parental (B6N and 129S1) strain mice. Results verified the protective effect of the Cdh23c.753G allele, which prevented high frequency hearing loss in B6 mice to at least 18 months of age, and the AHL-inducing effect of the Cdh23c.753A allele, which worsened hearing loss in 129S1 mice. ABR thresholds differed between 129S-Cdh23c.753A SNV and 129S1.B6-Cdh23ahl congenic mice, and a linkage backcross involving these strains localized a Chr 10 QTL contributing to the difference. These results illustrate the large effects that strain background and congenic regions have on the hearing loss associated with Cdh23c.753alleles. Importantly, the B6-Cdh23c.753Gstrain can be used to eliminate the confounding influence of the Cdh23c.753Avariant in hearing studies of B6 mice and mutant mice on the B6 background.
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20
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Accurate Breakpoint Mapping in Apparently Balanced Translocation Families with Discordant Phenotypes Using Whole Genome Mate-Pair Sequencing. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169935. [PMID: 28072833 PMCID: PMC5225008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial apparently balanced translocations (ABTs) segregating with discordant phenotypes are extremely challenging for interpretation and counseling due to the scarcity of publications and lack of routine techniques for quick investigation. Recently, next generation sequencing has emerged as an efficacious methodology for precise detection of translocation breakpoints. However, studies so far have mainly focused on de novo translocations. The present study focuses specifically on familial cases in order to shed some light to this diagnostic dilemma. Whole-genome mate-pair sequencing (WG-MPS) was applied to map the breakpoints in nine two-way ABT carriers from four families. Translocation breakpoints and patient-specific structural variants were validated by Sanger sequencing and quantitative Real Time PCR, respectively. Identical sequencing patterns and breakpoints were identified in affected and non-affected members carrying the same translocations. PTCD1, ATP5J2-PTCD1, CADPS2, and STPG1 were disrupted by the translocations in three families, rendering them initially as possible disease candidate genes. However, subsequent mutation screening and structural variant analysis did not reveal any pathogenic mutations or unique variants in the affected individuals that could explain the phenotypic differences between carriers of the same translocations. In conclusion, we suggest that NGS-based methods, such as WG-MPS, can be successfully used for detailed mapping of translocation breakpoints, which can also be used in routine clinical investigation of ABT cases. Unlike de novo translocations, no associations were determined here between familial two-way ABTs and the phenotype of the affected members, in which the presence of cryptic imbalances and complex chromosomal rearrangements has been excluded. Future whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing will potentially reveal unidentified mutations in the patients underlying the discordant phenotypes within each family. In addition, larger studies are needed to determine the exact percentage for phenotypic risk in families with ABTs.
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21
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Shao M, Hepler C, Vishvanath L, MacPherson KA, Busbuso NC, Gupta RK. Fetal development of subcutaneous white adipose tissue is dependent on Zfp423. Mol Metab 2016; 6:111-124. [PMID: 28123942 PMCID: PMC5220400 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Zfp423 is a multi zinc-finger transcription factor expressed in preadipocytes and mature adipocytes in vivo. Our recent work has revealed a critical role for Zfp423 in maintaining the fate of white adipocytes in adult mice through suppression of the beige cell thermogenic gene program; loss of Zfp423 in mature adipocytes of adult mice results in a white-to-beige phenotypic switch. However, the exact requirements of Zfp423 in the fetal stages of early adipose development in vivo have not been clarified. Method Here, we utilize two models that confer adipose-specific Zfp423 inactivation during fetal adipose development (Adiponectin-Cre; Zfp423loxP/loxP and Adiponectin-rtTA; TRE-Cre; Zfp423loxP/loxP). We assess the impact of fetal adipose Zfp423 deletion on the initial formation of adipose tissue and evaluate the metabolic consequences of challenging these animals with high-fat diet feeding. Results Deletion of Zfp423 during fetal adipose development results in a different phenotype than is observed when deleting Zfp423 in adipocytes of adult mice. Inactivation of Zfp423 during fetal adipose development results in arrested differentiation, specifically of inguinal white adipocytes, rather than a white-to-beige phenotypic switch that occurs when Zfp423 is inactivated in adult mice. This is likely explained by the observation that adiponectin driven Cre expression is active at an earlier stage of the adipocyte life cycle during fetal subcutaneous adipose development than in adult mice. Upon high-fat diet feeding, obese adipose Zfp423-deficient animals undergo a pathological adipose tissue expansion, associated with ectopic lipid deposition and systemic insulin resistance. Conclusions Our results reveal that Zfp423 is essential for the terminal differentiation of subcutaneous white adipocytes during fetal adipose tissue development. Moreover, our data highlight the striking adverse effects of pathological subcutaneous adipose tissue remodeling on visceral adipose function and systemic nutrient homeostasis in obesity. Importantly, these data reveal the distinct phenotypes that can occur when adiponectin driven transgenes are activated in fetal vs. adult adipose tissue. Fetal adipose deletion of Zfp423 disrupts terminal differentiation of white adipocytes. Inguinal WAT of Zfp423-deficient mice undergoes a pathological expansion in obesity. Pathological expansion of subcutaneous adipose triggers systemic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karen A MacPherson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Napoleon C Busbuso
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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22
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Hong CJ, Hamilton BA. Zfp423 Regulates Sonic Hedgehog Signaling via Primary Cilium Function. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006357. [PMID: 27727273 PMCID: PMC5065120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zfp423 encodes a 30-zinc finger transcription factor that intersects several canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations result in ciliopathy-related phenotypes, including agenesis of the cerebellar vermis in mice and Joubert syndrome (JBTS19) and nephronophthisis (NPHP14) in humans. Unlike most ciliopathy genes, Zfp423 encodes a nuclear protein and its developmental expression is complex, leading to alternative proposals for cellular mechanisms. Here we show that Zfp423 is expressed by cerebellar granule cell precursors, that loss of Zfp423 in these precursors leads to cell-intrinsic reduction in proliferation, loss of response to Shh, and primary cilia abnormalities that include diminished frequency of both Smoothened and IFT88 localization. Loss of Zfp423 alters expression of several genes encoding key cilium components, including increased expression of Tulp3. Tulp3 is a direct binding target of Zfp423 and reducing the overexpression of Tulp3 in Zfp423-deficient cells suppresses Smoothened translocation defects. These results define Zfp423 deficiency as a bona fide ciliopathy, acting upstream of Shh signaling, and indicate a mechanism intrinsic to granule cell precursors for the resulting cerebellar hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Jei Hong
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Bruce A Hamilton
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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23
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Yu M, Al-Dallal S, Al-Haj L, Panjwani S, McCartney AS, Edwards SM, Manjunath P, Walker C, Awgulewitsch A, Hentges KE. Transcriptional regulation of the proto-oncogene Zfp521 by SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13. Genesis 2016; 54:519-533. [PMID: 27506447 PMCID: PMC5073027 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mouse zinc‐finger gene Zfp521 (also known as ecotropic viral insertion site 3; Evi3; and ZNF521 in humans) has been identified as a B‐cell proto‐oncogene, causing leukemia in mice following retroviral insertions in its promoter region that drive Zfp521 over‐expression. Furthermore, ZNF521 is expressed in human hematopoietic cells, and translocations between ZNF521 and PAX5 are associated with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, the regulatory factors that control Zfp521 expression directly have not been characterized. Here we demonstrate that the transcription factors SPI1 (PU.1) and HOXC13 synergistically regulate Zfp521 expression, and identify the regions of the Zfp521 promoter required for this transcriptional activity. We also show that SPI1 and HOXC13 activate Zfp521 in a dose‐dependent manner. Our data support a role for this regulatory mechanism in vivo, as transgenic mice over‐expressing Hoxc13 in the fetal liver show a strong correlation between Hoxc13 expression levels and Zfp521 expression. Overall these experiments provide insights into the regulation of Zfp521 expression in a nononcogenic context. The identification of transcription factors capable of activating Zfp521 provides a foundation for further investigation of the regulatory mechanisms involved in ZFP521‐driven cell differentiation processes and diseases linked to Zfp521 mis‐expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,The Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Salma Al-Dallal
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Latifa Al-Haj
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Molecular Biomedicine Program, Program in Biomolecular Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shiraj Panjwani
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Akina S McCartney
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sarah M Edwards
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Pooja Manjunath
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Catherine Walker
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | | | - Kathryn E Hentges
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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24
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Shao M, Ishibashi J, Kusminski CM, Wang QA, Hepler C, Vishvanath L, MacPherson KA, Spurgin SB, Sun K, Holland WL, Seale P, Gupta RK. Zfp423 Maintains White Adipocyte Identity through Suppression of the Beige Cell Thermogenic Gene Program. Cell Metab 2016; 23:1167-1184. [PMID: 27238639 PMCID: PMC5091077 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional regulators Ebf2 and Prdm16 establish and maintain the brown and/or beige fat cell identity. However, the mechanisms operating in white adipocytes to suppress the thermogenic gene program and maintain an energy-storing phenotype are less understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional regulator Zfp423 is critical for maintaining white adipocyte identity through suppression of the thermogenic gene program. Zfp423 expression is enriched in white versus brown adipocytes and suppressed upon cold exposure. Doxycycline-inducible inactivation of Zfp423 in mature adipocytes, combined with β-adrenergic stimulation, triggers a conversion of differentiated adiponectin-expressing inguinal and gonadal adipocytes into beige-like adipocytes; this reprogramming event is sufficient to prevent and reverse diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, Zfp423 acts in adipocytes to inhibit the activity of Ebf2 and suppress Prdm16 activation. These data identify Zfp423 as a molecular brake on adipocyte thermogenesis and suggest a therapeutic strategy to unlock the thermogenic potential of white adipocytes in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengle Shao
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jeff Ishibashi
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qiong A Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Karen A MacPherson
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Stephen B Spurgin
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - William L Holland
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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25
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Signaroldi E, Laise P, Cristofanon S, Brancaccio A, Reisoli E, Atashpaz S, Terreni MR, Doglioni C, Pruneri G, Malatesta P, Testa G. Polycomb dysregulation in gliomagenesis targets a Zfp423-dependent differentiation network. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10753. [PMID: 26923714 PMCID: PMC4773478 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant gliomas constitute one of the most significant areas of unmet medical need, owing to the invariable failure of surgical eradication and their marked molecular heterogeneity. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical contribution by the Polycomb axis of epigenetic repression. However, a coherent understanding of the regulatory networks affected by Polycomb during gliomagenesis is still lacking. Here we integrate transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses to define Polycomb-dependent networks that promote gliomagenesis, validating them both in two independent mouse models and in a large cohort of human samples. We find that Polycomb dysregulation in gliomagenesis affects transcriptional networks associated with invasiveness and de-differentiation. The dissection of these networks uncovers Zfp423 as a critical Polycomb-dependent transcription factor whose silencing negatively impacts survival. The anti-gliomagenic activity of Zfp423 requires interaction with the SMAD proteins within the BMP signalling pathway, pointing to a novel synergic circuit through which Polycomb inhibits BMP signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Signaroldi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Pasquale Laise
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Silvia Cristofanon
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Arianna Brancaccio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Elisa Reisoli
- Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Sina Atashpaz
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Terreni
- Pathology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Pruneri
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, European Institute of Oncology, via Ripamonti 435, Milan 20141, Italy
| | - Paolo Malatesta
- Trasferimento Genico, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, Genoa 16132, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMES), University of Genoa, Via Leon Battista Alberti 2, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Testa
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, Milan 20122, Italy
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26
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McCleland ML, Soukup TM, Liu SD, Esensten JH, de Sousa e Melo F, Yaylaoglu M, Warming S, Roose-Girma M, Firestein R. Cdk8 deletion in the Apc(Min) murine tumour model represses EZH2 activity and accelerates tumourigenesis. J Pathol 2015; 237:508-19. [PMID: 26235356 DOI: 10.1002/path.4596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
CDK8 is a dissociable kinase module of the Mediator complex and has been shown to play an important role in transcriptional regulation in organisms as diverse as yeast and humans. Recent studies suggest that CDK8 functions as an oncoprotein in melanoma and colon cancer. Importantly, these studies were conducted using in vitro cell line models and the role of CDK8 in tumourigenesis in vivo has not been explored. We have generated a mouse with a Cdk8 conditional knockout allele and examined the consequences of Cdk8 loss on normal tissue homeostasis and tumour development in vivo. Cdk8 deletion in the young adult mouse did not induce any gross or histopathological abnormalities, implying that Cdk8 is largely dispensable for somatic cellular homeostasis. In contrast, Cdk8 deletion in the Apc(Min) intestinal tumour model shortened the animals' survival and increased tumour burden. Although Cdk8 deletion did not affect tumour initiation, intestinal tumour size and growth rate were significantly increased in Cdk8-null animals. Transcriptome analysis performed on Cdk8-null intestinal cells revealed up-regulation of genes that are governed by the Polycomb group (PcG) complex. In support of these findings, Cdk8-null intestinal cells and tumours displayed a reduction in histone H3K27 trimethylation, both globally and at the promoters of a number of PcG-regulated genes involved in oncogenic signalling. Together, our findings uncover a tumour suppressor function for CDK8 in vivo and suggest that the role of CDK8 activity in driving oncogenesis is context-specific. Sequencing data were deposited at GEO (Accession No. GSE71385).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L McCleland
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tim M Soukup
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scot D Liu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Murat Yaylaoglu
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Soren Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, CA, USA
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27
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Newman RJ, Roose-Girma M, Warming S. Efficient conditional knockout targeting vector construction using co-selection BAC recombineering (CoSBR). Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:e124. [PMID: 26089387 PMCID: PMC4627060 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and efficient strategy for Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) recombineering based on co-selection is described. We show that it is possible to efficiently modify two positions of a BAC simultaneously by co-transformation of a single-stranded DNA oligo and a double-stranded selection cassette. The use of co-selection BAC recombineering reduces the DNA manipulation needed to make a conditional knockout gene targeting vector to only two steps: a single round of BAC modification followed by a retrieval step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Newman
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Molecular Biology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Merone Roose-Girma
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Molecular Biology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Søren Warming
- Genentech, Inc., Department of Molecular Biology, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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28
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Regulation of chromatin accessibility and Zic binding at enhancers in the developing cerebellum. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:647-56. [PMID: 25849986 PMCID: PMC4414887 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To identify chromatin mechanisms of neuronal differentiation, we characterized chromatin accessibility and gene expression in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) of the developing mouse. We used DNase-seq to map accessibility of cis-regulatory elements and RNA-seq to profile transcript abundance across postnatal stages of neuronal differentiation in vivo and in culture. We observed thousands of chromatin accessibility changes as CGNs differentiated and verified by H3K27ac ChIP-seq, reporter gene assays, and CRISPR-mediated activation that many of these regions function as neuronal enhancers. Motif discovery within differentially accessible chromatin regions suggested a novel role for the Zic family of transcription factors in CGN maturation. We confirmed the association of Zic with these elements by ChIP-seq, and demonstrated by knockdown that Zic1/2 are required to coordinate mature neuronal gene expression patterns. Together these data reveal chromatin dynamics at thousands of gene regulatory elements that facilitate gene expression patterns necessary for neuronal differentiation and function.
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Bates JM, Flanagan K, Mo L, Ota N, Ding J, Ho S, Liu S, Roose-Girma M, Warming S, Diehl L. Dendritic cell CD83 homotypic interactions regulate inflammation and promote mucosal homeostasis. Mucosal Immunol 2015; 8:414-28. [PMID: 25204675 PMCID: PMC4326976 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) form an extensive network in the intestinal lamina propria, which orchestrates the mucosal immune response. Alterations in DC function can predispose to inflammatory bowel disease, although by unknown mechanisms. We show that CD83, a highly regulated DC cell surface protein, modulates the immune response to prevent colitis. Mice with a conditional knockout of CD83 in DCs develop exacerbated colitis following dextran sodium sulfate challenge, whereas mucosal overexpression of CD83 inhibits DC inflammatory response and protects against colitis. These CD83 perturbations can be modeled in vitro where we show that CD83 homotypic interaction occurs via cell-cell contact and inhibits pro-inflammatory responses. CD83 knockdown or cytoplasmic truncation abrogates the effects of homotypic binding. We demonstrate that CD83 homotypic interaction regulates DC activation via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by inhibiting p38α phosphorylation. Our findings indicate that CD83 homotypic interactions regulate DC activation and promote mucosal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Bates
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - K Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - L Mo
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - N Ota
- Department of Immunology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J Ding
- Department of Immunology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Ho
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Liu
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M Roose-Girma
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - L Diehl
- Department of Pathology, Genetech, South San Francisco, California, USA
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Fuji RN, Flagella M, Baca M, S. Baptista MA, Brodbeck J, Chan BK, Fiske BK, Honigberg L, Jubb AM, Katavolos P, Lee DW, Lewin-Koh SC, Lin T, Liu X, Liu S, Lyssikatos JP, O’Mahony J, Reichelt M, Roose-Girma M, Sheng Z, Sherer T, Smith A, Solon M, Sweeney ZK, Tarrant J, Urkowitz A, Warming S, Yaylaoglu M, Zhang S, Zhu H, Estrada AA, Watts RJ. Effect of selective LRRK2 kinase inhibition on nonhuman primate lung. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:273ra15. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Leto K, Carulli D, Buffo A. Symposium in honor of Ferdinando Rossi: a passionate journey through the cerebellar mysteries. THE CEREBELLUM 2015; 13:791-4. [PMID: 25562085 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-014-0590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To remember our friend and colleague Ferdinando Rossi, prematurely passed away on 24th January 2014, a symposium was held during the ninth FENS meeting in Milan. It was focused on the development and plasticity of the cerebellum, the main topics of Ferdinando's research. From the talks of the invited speakers, Giacomo Consalez, Karl Schilling, Alain Chédotal, and Chris De Zeeuw, it clearly emerged that Ferdinando had a huge impact on the research of many scientists like them, as well as in the whole field of brain development and regeneration. With this symposium, we celebrated a brilliant scientist, devoted to Neuroscience with tireless passion and curiosity.
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Harder L, Puller AC, Horstmann MA. ZNF423: Transcriptional modulation in development and cancer. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e969655. [PMID: 27308357 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.969655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like zinc finger proteins are versatile players in biology that have been implicated in mammalian development and disease. Among these proteins, ZNF423 and its mouse ortholog Zfp423 were initially implicated in midline patterning of the central nervous system but have emerged as critical transcriptional modulators in cancer. Epigenetically uncurbed ZNF423 interferes with lymphopoiesis by sequestration of the essential early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) causing B-cell maturation arrest, a hallmark of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Conversely, its presence in neuroblastoma, a primitive neuroectodermal tumor of childhood, allows retinoic acid-induced differentiation and is associated with a favorable outcome of neuroblastoma patients. Such opposing effects may be explained by the cellular context, but also by the multifunctionality of ZNF423 that is mediated by 30 zinc fingers forming various functional domains. This review summarizes current knowledge of ZNF423, focusing on its role in development and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Harder
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf ; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Puller
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf ; Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin A Horstmann
- Research Institute Children's Cancer Center Hamburg and Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf ; Hamburg, Germany
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Yu YJ, Atwal JK, Zhang Y, Tong RK, Wildsmith KR, Tan C, Bien-Ly N, Hersom M, Maloney JA, Meilandt WJ, Bumbaca D, Gadkar K, Hoyte K, Luk W, Lu Y, Ernst JA, Scearce-Levie K, Couch JA, Dennis MS, Watts RJ. Therapeutic bispecific antibodies cross the blood-brain barrier in nonhuman primates. Sci Transl Med 2014; 6:261ra154. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3009835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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34
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Spina R, Filocamo G, Iaccino E, Scicchitano S, Lupia M, Chiarella E, Mega T, Bernaudo F, Pelaggi D, Mesuraca M, Pazzaglia S, Semenkow S, Bar EE, Kool M, Pfister S, Bond HM, Eberhart CG, Steinkühler C, Morrone G. Critical role of zinc finger protein 521 in the control of growth, clonogenicity and tumorigenic potential of medulloblastoma cells. Oncotarget 2014; 4:1280-92. [PMID: 23907569 PMCID: PMC3787157 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem cell-associated transcription co-factor ZNF521 has been implicated in the control of hematopoietic, osteo-adipogenic and neural progenitor cells. ZNF521 is highly expressed in cerebellum and in particular in the neonatal external granule layer that contains candidate medulloblastoma cells-of-origin, and in the majority of human medulloblastomas. Here we have explored its involvement in the control of human and murine medulloblastoma cells. The effect of ZNF521 on growth and tumorigenic potential of human medulloblastoma cell lines as well as primary Ptc1−/+ mouse medulloblastoma cells was investigated in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays, by modulating its expression using lentiviral vectors carrying the ZNF521 cDNA, or shRNAs that silence its expression. Enforced overexpression of ZNF521 in DAOY medulloblastoma cells significantly increased their proliferation, growth as spheroids and ability to generate clones in single-cell cultures and semisolid media, and enhanced their migratory ability in wound-healing assays. Importantly, ZNF521-expressing cells displayed a greatly enhanced tumorigenic potential in nude mice. All these activities required the ZNF521 N-terminal motif that recruits the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex, which might therefore represent an appealing therapeutic target. Conversely, silencing of ZNF521 in human UW228 medulloblastoma cells that display high baseline expression decreased their proliferation, clonogenicity, sphere formation and wound-healing ability. Similarly, Zfp521 silencing in mouse Ptc1−/+ medulloblastoma cells drastically reduced their growth and tumorigenic potential. Our data strongly support the notion that ZNF521, through the recruitment of the NuRD complex, contributes to the clonogenic growth, migration and tumorigenicity of medulloblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Spina
- Laboratory of Molecular Haematopoiesis and Stem Cell Biology, Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
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35
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Kratz A, Beguin P, Kaneko M, Chimura T, Suzuki AM, Matsunaga A, Kato S, Bertin N, Lassmann T, Vigot R, Carninci P, Plessy C, Launey T. Digital expression profiling of the compartmentalized translatome of Purkinje neurons. Genome Res 2014; 24:1396-410. [PMID: 24904046 PMCID: PMC4120092 DOI: 10.1101/gr.164095.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Underlying the complexity of the mammalian brain is its network of neuronal connections, but also the molecular networks of signaling pathways, protein interactions, and regulated gene expression within each individual neuron. The diversity and complexity of the spatially intermingled neurons pose a serious challenge to the identification and quantification of single neuron components. To address this challenge, we present a novel approach for the study of the ribosome-associated transcriptome-the translatome-from selected subcellular domains of specific neurons, and apply it to the Purkinje cells (PCs) in the rat cerebellum. We combined microdissection, translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) in nontransgenic animals, and quantitative nanoCAGE sequencing to obtain a snapshot of RNAs bound to cytoplasmic or rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)-associated ribosomes in the PC and its dendrites. This allowed us to discover novel markers of PCs, to determine structural aspects of genes, to find hitherto uncharacterized transcripts, and to quantify biophysically relevant genes of membrane proteins controlling ion homeostasis and neuronal electrical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kratz
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Pascal Beguin
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Launey Research Unit, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Megumi Kaneko
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Launey Research Unit, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Takahiko Chimura
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Launey Research Unit, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ana Maria Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Atsuko Matsunaga
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Launey Research Unit, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Sachi Kato
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Nicolas Bertin
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Timo Lassmann
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Réjan Vigot
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Launey Research Unit, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
| | - Piero Carninci
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Charles Plessy
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Division of Genomic Technologies, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan;
| | - Thomas Launey
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Launey Research Unit, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
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Expression profiling and functional implications of a set of zinc finger proteins, ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B, in primary osteoarthritic articular chondrocytes. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:318793. [PMID: 24976683 PMCID: PMC4058293 DOI: 10.1155/2014/318793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Articular chondrocytes are responsible for the maintenance of healthy articulations; indeed, dysregulation of their functions, including the production of matrix proteins and matrix-remodeling proteases, may result in fraying of the tissue and development of osteoarthritis (OA). To explore transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and may be implicated in OA development, we compared the gene expression profile of a set of zinc finger proteins potentially linked to the control of chondrocyte differentiation and/or functions (ZNF423, ZNF470, ZNF521, and ZNF780B) in chondrocytes from patients affected by OA and from subjects not affected by OA. This analysis highlighted a significantly lower expression of the transcript encoding ZNF423 in chondrocytes from OA, particularly in elderly patients. Interestingly, this decrease was mirrored by the similarly reduced expression of PPARγ, a known target of ZNF423 with anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective properties. The ZNF521 mRNA instead was abundant in all primary chondrocytes studied; the RNAi-mediated silencing of this gene significantly altered the COL2A/COL1 expression ratio, associated with the maintenance of the differentiated phenotype, in chondrocytes cultivated in alginate beads. These results suggest a role for ZNF423 and ZNF521 in the regulation of chondrocyte homeostasis and warrant further investigations to elucidate their mechanism of action.
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37
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Endosomes are specialized platforms for bacterial sensing and NOD2 signalling. Nature 2014; 509:240-4. [PMID: 24695226 DOI: 10.1038/nature13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The detection of microbial pathogens involves the recognition of conserved microbial components by host cell sensors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). TLRs are membrane receptors that survey the extracellular environment for microbial infections, whereas NLRs are cytosolic complexes that detect microbial products that reach the cytosol. Upon detection, both sensor classes trigger innate inflammatory responses and allow the engagement of adaptive immunity. Endo-lysosomes are the entry sites for a variety of pathogens, and therefore the sites at which the immune system first senses their presence. Pathogens internalized by endocytosis are well known to activate TLRs 3 and 7-9 that are localized to endocytic compartments and detect ligands present in the endosomal lumen. Internalized pathogens also activate sensors in the cytosol such as NOD1 and NOD2 (ref. 2), indicating that endosomes also provide for the translocation of bacterial components across the endosomal membrane. Despite the fact that NOD2 is well understood to have a key role in regulating innate immune responses and that mutations at the NOD2 locus are a common risk factor in inflammatory bowel disease and possibly other chronic inflammatory states, little is known about how its ligands escape from endosomes. Here we show that two endo-lysosomal peptide transporters, SLC15A3 and SLC15A4, are preferentially expressed by dendritic cells, especially after TLR stimulation. The transporters mediate the egress of bacterially derived components, such as the NOD2 cognate ligand muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and are selectively required for NOD2 responses to endosomally derived MDP. Enhanced expression of the transporters also generates endosomal membrane tubules characteristic of dendritic cells, which further enhanced the NOD2-dependent response to MDP. Finally, sensing required the recruitment of NOD2 and its effector kinase RIPK2 (refs 8, 9) to the endosomal membrane, possibly by forming a complex with SLC15A3 or SLC15A4. Thus, dendritic cell endosomes are specialized platforms for both the lumenal and cytosolic sensing of pathogens.
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38
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Loktev AV, Jackson PK. Neuropeptide Y family receptors traffic via the Bardet-Biedl syndrome pathway to signal in neuronal primary cilia. Cell Rep 2013; 5:1316-29. [PMID: 24316073 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monogenic obesity syndromes, including Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), implicate neuronal primary cilia in regulation of energy homeostasis. Cilia in hypothalamic neurons have been hypothesized to sense and regulate systemic energy status, but the molecular mechanism of this signaling remains unknown. Here, we report a comprehensive localization screen of 42 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) revealing seven ciliary GPCRs, including the neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors NPY2R and NPY5R. We show that mice modeling BBS disease or obese tubby mice fail to localize NPY2R to cilia in the hypothalamus and that BBS mutant mice fail to activate c-fos or decrease food intake in response to the NPY2R ligand PYY3-36. We find that cells with ciliary NPY2R show augmented PYY3-36-dependent cAMP signaling. Our data demonstrate that ciliary targeting of NPY receptors is important for controlling energy balance in mammals, revealing a physiologically defined ligand-receptor pathway signaling within neuronal cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Loktev
- Research Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Peter K Jackson
- Research Oncology, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
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39
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Hegarty SV, O'Keeffe GW, Sullivan AM. BMP-Smad 1/5/8 signalling in the development of the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2013; 109:28-41. [PMID: 23891815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factors, Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8, are the pivotal intracellular effectors of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of proteins. BMPs and their receptors are expressed in the nervous system (NS) throughout its development. This review focuses on the actions of Smad 1/5/8 in the developing NS. The mechanisms by which these Smad proteins regulate the induction of the neuroectoderm, the central nervous system (CNS) primordium, and finally the neural crest, which gives rise to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), are reviewed herein. We describe how, following neural tube closure, the most dorsal aspect of the tube becomes a signalling centre for BMPs, which directs the pattern of the development of the dorsal spinal cord (SC), through the action of Smad1, Smad5 and Smad8. The direct effects of Smad 1/5/8 signalling on the development of neuronal and non-neuronal cells from various neural progenitor cell populations are then described. Finally, this review discusses the neurodevelopmental abnormalities associated with the knockdown of Smad 1/5/8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane V Hegarty
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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40
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Characterization of the expression profiles of adipogenesis-related factors, ZNF423, KLFs and FGF10, during preadipocyte differentiation and abdominal adipose tissue development in chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2013; 165:189-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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41
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Context-dependent signaling defines roles of BMP9 and BMP10 in embryonic and postnatal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:11887-92. [PMID: 23812757 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1306074110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many important signaling pathways rely on multiple ligands. It is unclear if this is a mechanism of safeguard via redundancy or if it serves other functional purposes. In this study, we report unique insight into this question by studying the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) pathway. Despite its functional importance in vascular development, the physiological ligand or ligands for ALK1 remain to be determined. Using conventional knockout and specific antibodies against bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) or BMP10, we showed that BMP9 and BMP10 are the physiological, functionally equivalent ligands of ALK1 in vascular development. Timing of expression dictates the in vivo requisite role of each ligand, and concurrent expression results in redundancy. We generated mice (Bmp10(9/9)) in which the coding sequence of Bmp9 replaces that of Bmp10. Surprisingly, analysis of Bmp10(9/9) mice demonstrated that BMP10 has an exclusive function in cardiac development, which cannot be substituted by BMP9. Our study reveals context-dependent significance in having multiple ligands in a signaling pathway.
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42
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Cho YW, Hong CJ, Hou A, Gent PM, Zhang K, Won KJ, Hamilton BA. Zfp423 binds autoregulatory sites in p19 cell culture model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66514. [PMID: 23762491 PMCID: PMC3675209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zfp423 is a 30 zinc finger transcription factor that forms regulatory complexes with EBF family members and factors targeted by canonical signaling pathways. Zfp423 mutations produce a range of developmental abnormalities in mice and humans related to the ciliopathies. Surprisingly, computational analysis of clustered Zfp423 and partner motifs in conserved genomic sequences predicts enrichment in Zfp423 and Ebf genes. In cell culture models selected for Zfp423 and EBF expression, we identify strong and reproducible occupancy of two Zfp423 intronic sites using chromatin immunoprecipitation with multiple independent antibodies. Both sites are significantly enriched in either quantitative PCR or massively parallel sequencing assays. A site in intron 5 acts as a classical enhancer in transient assays, but does not require the consensus motif for activity, suggesting a redundant or modulatory role for Zfp423 binding in this context. We speculate that Zfp423 may repress this enhancer as part of a developmental ratchet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Wook Cho
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chen-Jei Hong
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Aiju Hou
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Gent
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kuixing Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kyoung-Jae Won
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bruce A. Hamilton
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Institute for Genomic Medicine and Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Oh J, Wu N, Baravalle G, Cohn B, Ma J, Lo B, Mellman I, Ishido S, Anderson M, Shin JS. MARCH1-mediated MHCII ubiquitination promotes dendritic cell selection of natural regulatory T cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1069-77. [PMID: 23712430 PMCID: PMC3674695 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20122695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of MHCII molecules on dendritic cells is essential for the development of natural regulatory T cells Membrane-associated RING-CH1 (MARCH1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that mediates ubiquitination of MHCII in dendritic cells (DCs). MARCH1-mediated MHCII ubiquitination in DCs is known to regulate MHCII surface expression, thereby controlling DC-mediated T cell activation in vitro. However, its role at steady state or in vivo is not clearly understood. Here, we show that MARCH1 deficiency resulted in a substantial reduction in the number of thymus-derived regulatory T cells (T reg cells) in mice. A specific ablation of MHCII ubiquitination also significantly reduced the number of thymic T reg cells. Indeed, DCs deficient in MARCH1 or MHCII ubiquitination both failed to generate antigen-specific T reg cells in vivo and in vitro, although both exhibited an increased capacity for antigen presentation in parallel with the increased surface MHCII. Thus, MARCH1-mediated MHCII ubiquitination in DCs is required for proper production of naturally occurring T reg cells, suggesting a role in balancing immunogenic and regulatory T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehak Oh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Kiviranta R, Yamana K, Saito H, Ho DK, Laine J, Tarkkonen K, Nieminen-Pihala V, Hesse E, Correa D, Määttä J, Tessarollo L, Rosen ED, Horne WC, Jenkins NA, Copeland NG, Warming S, Baron R. Coordinated transcriptional regulation of bone homeostasis by Ebf1 and Zfp521 in both mesenchymal and hematopoietic lineages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:969-85. [PMID: 23569325 PMCID: PMC3646489 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is maintained by the coupled actions of hematopoietic bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) and mesenchymal bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs). Here we identify early B cell factor 1 (Ebf1) and the transcriptional coregulator Zfp521 as components of the machinery that regulates bone homeostasis through coordinated effects in both lineages. Deletion of Zfp521 in OBs led to impaired bone formation and increased OB-dependent osteoclastogenesis (OC-genesis), and deletion in hematopoietic cells revealed a strong cell-autonomous role for Zfp521 in OC progenitors. In adult mice, the effects of Zfp521 were largely caused by repression of Ebf1, and the bone phenotype of Zfp521(+/-) mice was rescued in Zfp521(+/-):Ebf1(+/-) mice. Zfp521 interacted with Ebf1 and repressed its transcriptional activity. Accordingly, deletion of Zfp521 led to increased Ebf1 activity in OBs and OCs. In vivo, Ebf1 overexpression in OBs resulted in suppressed bone formation, similar to the phenotype seen after OB-targeted deletion of Zfp521. Conversely, Ebf1 deletion led to cell-autonomous defects in both OB-dependent and cell-intrinsic OC-genesis, a phenotype opposite to that of the Zfp521 knockout. Thus, we have identified the interplay between Zfp521 and Ebf1 as a novel rheostat for bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kiviranta
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Mangaru Z, Salem E, Sherman M, Van Dine SE, Bhambri A, Brumberg JC, Richfield EK, Gabel LA, Ramos RL. Neuronal migration defect of the developing cerebellar vermis in substrains of C57BL/6 mice: cytoarchitecture and prevalence of molecular layer heterotopia. Dev Neurosci 2013; 35:28-39. [PMID: 23428637 DOI: 10.1159/000346368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal development of the cerebellum is often associated with disorders of movement, postural control, and motor learning. Rodent models are widely used to study normal and abnormal cerebellar development and have revealed the roles of many important genetic and environmental factors. In the present report we describe the prevalence and cytoarchitecture of molecular-layer heterotopia, a malformation of neuronal migration, in the cerebellar vermis of C57BL/6 mice and closely-related strains. In particular, we found a diverse number of cell-types affected by these malformations including Purkinje cells, granule cells, inhibitory interneurons (GABAergic and glycinergic), and glia. Heterotopia were not observed in a sample of wild-derived mice, outbred mice, or inbred mice not closely related to C57BL/6 mice. These data are relevant to the use of C57BL/6 mice as models in the study of brain and behavior relationships and provide greater understanding of human cerebellar dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zareema Mangaru
- Department of Neuroscience and Histology, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Old Westbury, N.Y., USA
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Takeda H, Koso H, Tessarollo L, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA. Musashi1-CreER(T2) : a new cre line for conditional mutagenesis in neural stem cells. Genesis 2013; 51:128-34. [PMID: 23132814 PMCID: PMC3577968 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein Musashi1 (Msi1) is one of two mammalian homologues of Drosophila Musashi, which is required for the asymmetric cell division of sensory organ precursor cells. In the mouse central nervous system (CNS), Msi1 is preferentially expressed in mitotically active progenitor cells in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the neural tube during embryonic development and in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the postnatal brain. Previous studies showed that cells in the SVZ can contribute to long-term neurogenesis in the olfactory bulb (OB), but it remains unclear whether Msi1-expressing cells have self-renewing potential and can contribute to neurogenesis in the adult. Here, we describe the generation of Msi1-CreER(T2) knock-in mice and show by cell lineage tracing that Msi1-CreER(T2) -expressing cells mark neural stem cells (NSCs) in both the embryonic and adult brain. Msi1-CreER(T2) mice thus represent a new tool in our arsenal for genetically manipulating NSCs, which will be essential for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Takeda
- Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideto Koso
- Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673
- Division of Molecular and Developmental Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Lino Tessarollo
- Neural Development Group, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, USA
| | - Neal G. Copeland
- Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nancy A. Jenkins
- Division of Genomics and Genetics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138673
- Cancer Research Program, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sun Y, Peng I, Senger K, Hamidzadeh K, Reichelt M, Baca M, Yeh R, Lorenzo MN, Sebrell A, Dela Cruz C, Tam L, Corpuz R, Wu J, Sai T, Roose-Girma M, Warming S, Balazs M, Gonzalez LC, Caplazi P, Martin F, Devoss J, Zarrin AA. Critical role of activation induced cytidine deaminase in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Autoimmunity 2013; 46:157-67. [PMID: 23167594 PMCID: PMC3581050 DOI: 10.3109/08916934.2012.750301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative autoimmune disorder caused by chronic inflammation and demyelination within the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical studies in MS patients have demonstrated efficacy with B cell targeted therapies such as anti-CD20. However, the exact role that B cells play in the disease process is unclear. Activation Induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is an essential enzyme for the processes of antibody affinity maturation and isotype switching. To evaluate the impact of affinity maturation and isotype switching, we have interrogated the effect of AID-deficiency in an animal model of MS. Here, we show that the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by the extracellular domain of human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG1-125) is significantly reduced in Aicda deficient mice, which, unlike wild-type mice, lack serum IgG to myelin associated antigens. MOG specific T cell responses are comparable between wild-type and Aicda knockout mice suggesting an active role for antigen experienced B cells. Thus affinity maturation and/or class switching are critical processes in the pathogenesis of EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglian Sun
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Kang S, Akerblad P, Kiviranta R, Gupta RK, Kajimura S, Griffin MJ, Min J, Baron R, Rosen ED. Regulation of early adipose commitment by Zfp521. PLoS Biol 2012; 10:e1001433. [PMID: 23209378 PMCID: PMC3507953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While there has been significant progress in determining the transcriptional cascade involved in terminal adipocyte differentiation, less is known about early events leading to lineage commitment and cell fate choice. It has been recently discovered that zinc finger protein 423 (Zfp423) is an early actor in adipose determination. Here, we show that a close paralog of Zfp423, Zfp521, acts as a key regulator of adipose commitment and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Zfp521 exerts its actions by binding to early B cell factor 1 (Ebf1), a transcription factor required for the generation of adipocyte progenitors, and inhibiting the expression of Zfp423. Overexpression of Zfp521 in cells greatly inhibits adipogenic potential, whereas RNAi-mediated knock-down or genetic ablation of Zfp521 enhances differentiation. In addition, Zfp521⁻/⁻ embryos exhibit increased mass of interscapular brown adipose tissue and subcutaneous white adipocytes, a cell autonomous effect. Finally, Ebf1 participates in a negative feedback loop to repress Zfp521 as differentiation proceeds. Because Zfp521 is known to promote bone development, our results suggest that it acts as a critical switch in the commitment decision between the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sona Kang
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Peter Akerblad
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- AstraZeneca R&D Mölndal, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Riku Kiviranta
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rana K. Gupta
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology and Division of Metabolism and Chronic Disease, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology and Division of Metabolism and Chronic Disease, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Griffin
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jie Min
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Roland Baron
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, and Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Evan D. Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kalari S, Jung M, Kernstine KH, Takahashi T, Pfeifer GP. The DNA methylation landscape of small cell lung cancer suggests a differentiation defect of neuroendocrine cells. Oncogene 2012; 32:3559-68. [PMID: 22907430 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a disease characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and lack of effective therapy. Owing to its tendency for early dissemination, only a third of patients have limited-stage disease at the time of diagnosis. SCLC is thought to derive from pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. Although several molecular abnormalities in SCLC have been described, there are relatively few studies on epigenetic alterations in this type of tumor. Here, we have used methylation profiling with the methylated-CpG island recovery assay in combination with microarrays and conducted the first genome-scale analysis of methylation changes that occur in primary SCLC and SCLC cell lines. Among the hundreds of tumor-specifically methylated genes discovered, we identified 73 gene targets that are methylated in >77% of primary SCLC tumors, most of which have never been linked to aberrant methylation in tumors. These methylated targets have potential for biomarker development for early detection and therapeutic management of SCLC. SCLC cell lines had a greater number of hypermethylated genes than primary tumors. Gene ontology analysis indicated a significant enrichment of methylated genes functioning as transcription factors and in processes of neuronal differentiation. Motif analysis of tumor-specific methylated regions identified enrichment of binding sites for several neural cell fate-specifying transcription factors including NEUROD1, HAND1, ZNF423 and REST. We hypothesize that two potential mechanisms, loss of cell fate-determining transcription factors by methylation of their promoters and functional inactivation of their corresponding genomic-binding sites by DNA methylation, can promote a differentiation defect of neuroendocrine cells thus enhancing the ability of tumor progenitor cells to transition toward SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kalari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
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Wang G, Fulkerson CM, Malek R, Ghassemifar S, Snyder PW, Mendrysa SM. Mutations in Lyar and p53 are synergistically lethal in female mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 94:729-37. [PMID: 22815056 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ly-1 antibody reactive clone (LYAR) is a nucleolar zinc finger protein that has been implicated in cell growth, self-renewal of embryonic stem cells, and medulloblastoma. To test whether LYAR is critical for cell growth and development, we generated Lyar mutant mice. METHODS Mice carrying the mutant Lyar(gt) allele were generated from embryonic stem cells that contained a gene-trap insertion in the Lyar gene. Phenotypic analyses were performed on Lyar mutant mice and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Lyar(gt/gt) mice were crossed to mice lacking the p53 tumor suppressor protein and Lyar/p53 compound mutants scored for external abnormalities. RESULTS Lyar(gt/gt) homozygotes are viable, fertile, and indistinguishable from wild type littermates. However, the growth of Lyar(+/gt) and Lyar(gt/gt) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) was impaired, coincident with an increase in the steady-state level of p53 and a key p53 effector of growth arrest, p21, suggesting that a cellular stress response is triggered in the absence of a wild type level of LYAR. Remarkably, the majority of Lyar(+/gt) and Lyar(gt/gt) female mice lacking p53 mice failed to survive. The neural tube defect (NTD) exencephaly was observed in ≈26% and ≈61% of female Lyar(+/gt;) p53(-/-) and Lyar(gt/gt;) p53(-/-) embryos, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lyar/p53 mutant mice represent a new digenic model of NTDs. Furthermore, these studies identify Lyar as a novel candidate gene for a role in human NTDs. These results provide new data to support the idea that loss of a p53-mediated developmental checkpoint may increase the risk of NTDs owing to some germline mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Wang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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