1
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Zhang Y, Cui D, Huang M, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Chen L, Chen Q. NONO regulates B-cell development and B-cell receptor signaling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22862. [PMID: 36906291 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201909rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
The paraspeckle protein NONO is a multifunctional nuclear protein participating in the regulation of transcriptional regulation, mRNA splicing and DNA repair. However, whether NONO plays a role in lymphopoiesis is not known. In this study, we generated mice with global deletion of NONO and bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice in which NONO is deleted in all of mature B cells. We found that the global deletion of NONO in mice did not affect T-cell development but impaired early B-cell development in BM at pro- to pre-B-cell transition stage and B-cell maturation in the spleen. Studies of BM chimeric mice demonstrated that the impaired B-cell development in NONO-deficient mice is B-cell-intrinsic. NONO-deficient B cells displayed normal BCR-induced cell proliferation but increased BCR-induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, we found that NONO deficiency impaired BCR-induced activation of ERK, AKT, and NF-κB pathways in B cells, and altered BCR-induced gene expression profile. Thus, NONO plays a critical role in B-cell development and BCR-induced B-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongguang Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongya Cui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Miaohui Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Yongwei Zheng
- Guangzhou Bio-Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baijiao Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Biomedical Research Center of South China, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University Qishan Campus, Fuzhou, China
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2
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Wei Y, Luo H, Yee PP, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zheng H, Zhang L, Anderson B, Tang M, Huang S, Li W. Paraspeckle Protein NONO Promotes TAZ Phase Separation in the Nucleus to Drive the Oncogenic Transcriptional Program. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102653. [PMID: 34716691 PMCID: PMC8693076 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway effector TAZ promotes cellular growth, survival, and stemness through regulating gene transcription. Recent studies suggest that TAZ liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) compartmentalizes key cofactors to activate transcription. However, how TAZ LLPS is achieved remains unknown. Here, it is shown that the paraspeckle protein NONO is required for TAZ LLPS and activation in the nucleus. NONO is a TAZ-binding protein. Their interaction shows temporal regulation parallel to the interaction between TAZ and TEAD as well as to the expression of TAZ target genes. NONO depletion reduces nuclear TAZ LLPS, while ectopic NONO expression promotes the LLPS. Accordingly, NONO depletion reduces TAZ interactions with TEAD, Rpb1, and enhancers. In glioblastoma, expressions of NONO and TAZ are both upregulated and predict poor prognosis. Silencing NONO expression in an orthotopic glioblastoma mouse model inhibits TAZ-driven tumorigenesis. Together, this study suggests that NONO is a nuclear factor that promotes TAZ LLPS and TAZ-driven oncogenic transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiju Wei
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Huacheng Luo
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Patricia P. Yee
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Institute for Personalized MedicinePenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Biological Mass Spectrometry FacilityRobert Wood Johnson Medical School, RutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ08854USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
- Hepatic Surgery CenterTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei Province430030China
| | - Benjamin Anderson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Miaolu Tang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Suming Huang
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of PharmacologyPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyDepartment of PediatricsPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyPenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
- Penn State Cancer InstitutePenn State Health Hershey Medical CenterPenn State College of MedicineHersheyPA17033USA
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3
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Zhang L, Vickers TA, Sun H, Liang XH, Crooke ST. Binding of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides with RNase H1 can cause conformational changes in the protein and alter the interactions of RNase H1 with other proteins. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:2721-2739. [PMID: 33577678 PMCID: PMC7969025 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently found that toxic PS-ASOs can cause P54nrb and PSF nucleolar mislocalization in an RNase H1-dependent manner. To better understand the underlying mechanisms of these observations, here we utilize different biochemical approaches to demonstrate that PS-ASO binding can alter the conformations of the bound proteins, as illustrated using recombinant RNase H1, P54nrb, PSF proteins and various isolated domains. While, in general, binding of PS-ASOs or ASO/RNA duplexes stabilizes the conformations of these proteins, PS-ASO binding may also cause the unfolding of RNase H1, including both the hybrid binding domain and the catalytic domain. The extent of conformational change correlates with the binding affinity of PS-ASOs to the proteins. Consequently, PS-ASO binding to RNase H1 induces the interaction of RNase H1 with P54nrb or PSF in a 2′-modification and sequence dependent manner, and toxic PS-ASOs tend to induce more interactions than non-toxic PS-ASOs. PS-ASO binding also enhances the interaction between P54nrb and PSF. However, the interaction between RNase H1 and P32 protein can be disrupted upon binding of PS-ASOs. Together, these results suggest that stronger binding of PS-ASOs can cause greater conformational changes of the bound proteins, subsequently affecting protein–protein interactions. These observations thus provide deeper understanding of the molecular basis of PS-ASO-induced protein mislocalization or degradation observed in cells and advance our understanding of why some PS-ASOs are cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Zhang
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Timothy A Vickers
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Hong Sun
- Antisense Drug discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Xue-Hai Liang
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Stanley T Crooke
- Core Antisense Research, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2855 Gazelle Court, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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4
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Li W, Karwacki-Neisius V, Ma C, Tan L, Shi Y, Wu F, Shi YG. Nono deficiency compromises TET1 chromatin association and impedes neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:4827-4838. [PMID: 32286661 PMCID: PMC7229820 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NONO is a DNA/RNA-binding protein, which plays a critical regulatory role during cell stage transitions of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, its function in neuronal lineage commitment and the molecular mechanisms of its action in such processes are largely unknown. Here we report that NONO plays a key role during neuronal differentiation of mESCs. Nono deletion impedes neuronal lineage commitment largely due to a failure of up-regulation of specific genes critical for neuronal differentiation. Many of the NONO regulated genes are also DNA demethylase TET1 targeted genes. Importantly, re-introducing wild type NONO to the Nono KO cells, not only restores the normal expression of the majority of NONO/TET1 coregulated genes but also rescues the defective neuronal differentiation of Nono-deficient mESCs. Mechanistically, our data shows that NONO directly interacts with TET1 via its DNA binding domain and recruits TET1 to genomic loci to regulate 5-hydroxymethylcytosine levels. Nono deletion leads to a significant dissociation of TET1 from chromatin and dysregulation of DNA hydroxymethylation of neuronal genes. Taken together, our findings reveal a key role and an epigenetic mechanism of action of NONO in regulation of TET1-targeted neuronal genes, offering new functional and mechanistic understanding of NONO in stem cell functions, lineage commitment and specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Li
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.,Endocrinology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Violetta Karwacki-Neisius
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chun Ma
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Li Tan
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yang Shi
- Division of Newborn Medicine and Program in Epigenetics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA and Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, 240 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China, and Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China
| | - Yujiang Geno Shi
- Endocrinology Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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5
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Chen J, Zhu M, Zou L, Xia J, Huang J, Deng Q, Xu R. Long non-coding RNA LINC-PINT attenuates paclitaxel resistance in triple-negative breast cancer cells via targeting the RNA-binding protein NONO. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2020; 52:801-809. [PMID: 32632453 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmaa072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) relies largely on chemotherapies. However, it is frequent that TNBC patients develop resistance to the chemotherapy drugs. Generation of drug-resistant cell lines facilitates the identification of drug resistance. Here, we established two paclitaxel (PTX)-resistant TNBC cancer cell lines using an intermittent and stepwise method and found that long non-coding RNA long intergenic non-protein-coding RNA p53-induced transcript (LINC-PINT) was significantly decreased in PTX-resistant cancer cells. Ectopic expression of LINC-PINT sensitized both PTX-resistant TNBC and wild-type TNBC to PTX. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation showed that LINC-PINT bound to RNA-binding protein NONO. Overexpression of LINC-PINT resulted in the degradation of NONO in a proteasome-dependent manner and vice versa. Knockdown of NONO with siRNA sensitized TNBC to PTX. We further analyzed the expression level of LINC-PINT and NONO in patient samples via online database and found that LINC-PINT and NONO may function antagonistically in all types of breast cancers. Taken together, our data illustrated a tumor suppressor role of LINC-PINT in sensitizing TNBC to chemotherapies via destabilizing NONO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Meiqin Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Liqiu Zou
- Department of Radiology, Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
| | - Junxian Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Quantong Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Ruilian Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, China
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6
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Girbes Minguez M, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Lutz D, Buck F, Schachner M, Kleene R. The cell adhesion molecule L1 interacts with nuclear proteins via its intracellular domain. FASEB J 2020; 34:9869-9883. [PMID: 32533745 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902242r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1) in brain tissue and in cultured cerebellar neurons results in the generation and nuclear import of a 30 kDa fragment comprising most of L1's C-terminal, intracellular domain. In search of molecules that interact with this domain, we performed affinity chromatography with the recombinant intracellular L1 domain and a nuclear extract from mouse brains, and identified potential nuclear L1 binding partners involved in transcriptional regulation, RNA processing and transport, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, and nucleocytoplasmic transport. By co-immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant proteins, we verified the direct interaction between L1 and the nuclear binding partners non-POU domain containing octamer-binding protein and splicing factor proline/glutamine-rich. The proximity ligation assay confirmed this close interaction in cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Our findings suggest that L1 fragments regulate multiple nuclear functions in the nervous system. We discuss possible physiological and pathological roles of these interactions in regulation of chromatin structure, gene expression, RNA processing, and DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Girbes Minguez
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerrit Wolters-Eisfeld
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Lutz
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Buck
- Zentrum für Diagnostik, Institut für Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Zentrum für Molekulare Neurobiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Liu X, Zheng J, Qi S, Shen Q. NONO Regulates Cortical Neuronal Migration and Postnatal Neuronal Maturation. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:1097-1101. [PMID: 31502212 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Liu
- Peking-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,Tongji Hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jiangli Zheng
- Tongji Hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shaojun Qi
- Tongji Hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.,Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Tongji Hospital, Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Frontier Science Research Center for Stem Cells, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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8
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Lu J, Shu R, Zhu Y. Dysregulation and Dislocation of SFPQ Disturbed DNA Organization in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:1311-1321. [PMID: 29376859 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
SFPQ (Splicing factor proline- and glutamine-rich) is a DNA and RNA binding protein involved in transcription, pre-mRNA splicing, and DNA damage repair. SFPQ was found dysregulated in a few tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In addition, knock-down of SFPQ induced FTD-like behavior in mouse. To confirm the role of SFPQ in AD and FTD, we analyzed the brain sections from the AD and FTD brain samples with SFPQ upregulation and dislocation. Specifically, we observed SFPQ dislocated to the cytoplasm and nuclear envelopes, and DNA structures and organizations were associated with these dislocation phenotypes in AD and FTD brains. Consistently, we also found decreased DAPI intensities and smaller chromocenters associated with SFPQ dislocation in nerural-2a (N2a) cells. As the upregulation and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein is a hallmark of AD and FTD, our study sought to investigate potential interactions between tau and SFPQ by co-transfection and co-immunoprecipitation assays in N2a cells. SFPQ dislocation was found enhanced with tau co-transfection and tau co-transfection further resulted in extended DNA disorganization in N2a cells. Overall, our results indicate that dysregulation and dislocation of SFPQ and subsequent DNA disorganization might be a novel pathway in the progression of AD and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Runzhe Shu
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yan Zhu
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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9
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Zhang K, Zhang F, Yang JM, Kong J, Meng X, Zhang M, Zhang C, Zhang Y. Silencing of Non-POU-domain-containing octamer-binding protein stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice via NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Cardiol 2018; 263:96-103. [PMID: 29673854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unknown whether Non-POU-domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NonO) plays a causative role in plaque destabilization. We hypothesized that NonO gene silencing may stabilize atherosclerotic plaque by increasing P4Hα1 expression and inhibiting the inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques were induced in ApoE-/- mice by high fat diet, perivascular collar placement and mental stress. Compared with normal carotid arteries, those contained vulnerable plaques had high NonO expression. In another in vivo experiment, mice contained vulnerable plaques were randomly divided into 5 groups to receive physiological saline, si-N.C-lentivirus (LV), si-NonO-LV, pGC-GFP-LV and NonO-LV, respectively. NonO overexpression increased while NonO silencing decreased the incidence of carotid plaque disruption. NonO overexpression enhanced macrophage infiltration and lipid deposition but reduced the content of vascular smooth muscle cells and collagen in plaques, leading to an increased plaque vulnerability index, whereas NonO silencing exhibited the opposite effect. In addition, NonO overexpression increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases and decreased the expression of P4Hα1 both in vivo and in vitro, whereas NonO silencing showed the contrary effect. NonO co-immunoprecipitated with NF-κB p65, and promoted its nuclear translocation and phosphorylation, and these effects were reversed by NonO silencing. CONCLUSION NonO may promote plaque destabilization and increase the incidence of plaque disruption in ApoE-/- mice by inducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases and suppressing that of P4Hα1. The mechanism may involve the interaction of NonO with NF-κB leading to enhanced NF-κB nuclear translocation and phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian-Min Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yun Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China; The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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10
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Kharade SS, Parekh VI, Agarwal SK. Functional Defects From Endocrine Disease-Associated Mutations in HLXB9 and Its Interacting Partner, NONO. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1199-1212. [PMID: 29309627 PMCID: PMC5793795 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, insulinomas, characterized by increased pancreatic islet β-cell proliferation, express the phosphorylated isoform of the β-cell differentiation factor HLXB9 that interacts with NONO/p54NRB, a survival factor. Interestingly, two different homozygous germline mutations in HLXB9, p.F248L and p.F272L, were reported in neonatal diabetes, a condition with functional β-cell deficiency. Also, two somatic heterozygous NONO mutations were found in endocrine-related tumors, p.H146R (parathyroid) and p.R293H (small intestine neuroendocrine tumor). However, the biological consequence of the mutations, and the role of HLXB9-NONO interaction in normal or abnormal β cells, is not known. Expression, localization, and functional analysis of the clinically relevant HLXB9 and NONO mutants showed that HLXB9/p.F248L mutant localized in the nucleus but lacked phosphorylation, and NONO/p.R293H mutant was structurally impaired. The HLXB9 and NONO mutants retained the ability to interact, and overexpression of wild-type or mutant HXLB9 in MIN6 cells suppressed cell proliferation. To further understand the biological consequence of the HLXB9-NONO interaction, we mapped the NONO-interacting region in HLXB9. An 80-amino acid conserved region of HLXB9 could compete with full-length HLXB9 to interact with NONO; however, in functional assays, nuclear expression of this HLXB9-conserved region in MIN6 cells did not interfere with cell proliferation. Overall, our results highlight the importance of HLXB9 in conditions of β-cell excess (insulinomas) and in conditions of β-cell loss or dysfunction (diabetes). Our studies implicate therapeutic strategies for either reducing β-cell proliferation in insulinomas or alleviating normal β-cell deficiency in diabetes through the modulation of HLXB9 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada S. Kharade
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Vaishali I. Parekh
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sunita K. Agarwal
- Metabolic Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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11
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Ma C, Karwacki-Neisius V, Tang H, Li W, Shi Z, Hu H, Xu W, Wang Z, Kong L, Lv R, Fan Z, Zhou W, Yang P, Wu F, Diao J, Tan L, Shi YG, Lan F, Shi Y. Nono, a Bivalent Domain Factor, Regulates Erk Signaling and Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency. Cell Rep 2017; 17:997-1007. [PMID: 27760330 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nono is a component of the para-speckle, which stores and processes RNA. Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) lack para-speckles, leaving the function of Nono in mESCs unclear. Here, we find that Nono functions as a chromatin regulator cooperating with Erk to regulate mESC pluripotency. We report that Nono loss results in robust self-renewing mESCs with epigenomic and transcriptomic features resembling the 2i (GSK and Erk inhibitors)-induced "ground state." Erk interacts with and is required for Nono localization to a subset of bivalent genes that have high levels of poised RNA polymerase. Nono loss compromises Erk activation and RNA polymerase poising at its target bivalent genes in undifferentiated mESCs, thus disrupting target gene activation and differentiation. These findings argue that Nono collaborates with Erk signaling to regulate the integrity of bivalent domains and mESC pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Violetta Karwacki-Neisius
- Newborn Medicine Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haoran Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhennan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Haolin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhentian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingchun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruitu Lv
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 138 Yixue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feizhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jianbo Diao
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Li Tan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yujiang Geno Shi
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Yang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Children's Hospital and Key Laboratory of Epigenetics, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Newborn Medicine Division, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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12
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Huang CJ, Das U, Xie W, Ducasse M, Tucker HO. Altered stoichiometry and nuclear delocalization of NonO and PSF promote cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:3356-3374. [PMID: 27992859 PMCID: PMC5270673 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
While cellular senescence is a critical mechanism to prevent malignant transformation of potentially mutated cells, persistence of senescent cells can also promote cancer and aging phenotypes. NonO/p54nrb and PSF are multifunctional hnRNPs typically found as a complex exclusively within the nuclei of all mammalian cells. We demonstrate here that either increase or reduction of expression of either factor results in cellular senescence. Coincident with this, we observe expulsion of NonO and PSF-containing nuclear paraspeckles and posttranslational modification at G2/M. That senescence is mediated most robustly by overexpression of a cytoplasmic C-truncated form of NonO further indicated that translocation of NonO and PSF from the nucleus is critical to senescence induction. Modulation of NonO and PSF expression just prior to or coincident with senescence induction disrupts the normally heterodimeric NonO-PSF nuclear complex resulting in a dramatic shift in stoichiometry to heterotetramers and monomer with highest accumulation within the cytoplasm. This is accompanied by prototypic cell cycle checkpoint activation and chromatin condensation. These observations identify yet another role for these multifunctional factors and provide a hitherto unprecedented mechanism for cellular senescence and nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Jung Huang
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Utsab Das
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Weijun Xie
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Miryam Ducasse
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Haley O Tucker
- University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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13
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Larré AB, Parisotto A, Rockenbach BF, Pasin DM, Capellari C, Escouto DC, Pinheiro da Costa BE, Poli-de-Figueiredo CE. Phosphodiesterases and preeclampsia. Med Hypotheses 2017; 108:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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14
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Wang J, Rajbhandari P, Damianov A, Han A, Sallam T, Waki H, Villanueva CJ, Lee SD, Nielsen R, Mandrup S, Reue K, Young SG, Whitelegge J, Saez E, Black DL, Tontonoz P. RNA-binding protein PSPC1 promotes the differentiation-dependent nuclear export of adipocyte RNAs. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:987-1004. [PMID: 28192372 DOI: 10.1172/jci89484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly orchestrated gene expression program establishes the properties that define mature adipocytes, but the contribution of posttranscriptional factors to the adipocyte phenotype is poorly understood. Here we have shown that the RNA-binding protein PSPC1, a component of the paraspeckle complex, promotes adipogenesis in vitro and is important for mature adipocyte function in vivo. Cross-linking and immunoprecipitation followed by RNA sequencing revealed that PSPC1 binds to intronic and 3'-untranslated regions of a number of adipocyte RNAs, including the RNA encoding the transcriptional regulator EBF1. Purification of the paraspeckle complex from adipocytes further showed that PSPC1 associates with the RNA export factor DDX3X in a differentiation-dependent manner. Remarkably, PSPC1 relocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm during differentiation, coinciding with enhanced export of adipogenic RNAs. Mice lacking PSPC1 in fat displayed reduced lipid storage and adipose tissue mass and were resistant to diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance due to a compensatory increase in energy expenditure. These findings highlight a role for PSPC1-dependent RNA maturation in the posttranscriptional control of adipose development and function.
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15
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Ho TT, Huang J, Zhou N, Zhang Z, Koirala P, Zhou X, Wu F, Ding X, Mo YY. Regulation of PCGEM1 by p54/nrb in prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34529. [PMID: 27682980 PMCID: PMC5041109 DOI: 10.1038/srep34529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PCGEM1 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that is often upregulated in prostate cancer. However, little is known how PCGEM1 is regulated. In the present study, we show transcriptional regulation of PCGEM1 in response to androgen deprivation by p54/nrb. While ectopic expression of p54/nrb increases, suppression of p54/nrb by RNAi or knockout (KO) reduces PCGEM1. Moreover, rescue experiments indicate that re-expression of p54/nrb in KO cells restores the ability to induce PCGEM1, leading to upregulation of the androgen receptor splice variant AR3 which has been shown to play a role in castration resistance. Finally, 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), a known chemoprevention agent, is capable of suppressing PCGEM1 expression by preventing the interaction of p54/nrb with the PCGEM1 promoter. In particular, DIM reduces tumor growth by suppression of PCGEM1 and promoting apoptosis in the castrated xenograft mouse model. Together, these results demonstrate a novel mechanism of p54/nrb-mediated expression of PCGEM1 and AR3, contributing to castration resistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsui-Ting Ho
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jianguo Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nanjiang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,System Biosciences, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Ziqiang Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pratirodh Koirala
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xinchun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Xianfeng Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.,College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Yuan Mo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cancer Institute, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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16
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Photoaffinity electrophoretic mobility shift assay using photoreactive DNA bearing 3-trifluoromethyl-3-phenyldiazirine in its phosphate backbone. Anal Biochem 2016; 506:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Duvignaud JB, Bédard M, Nagata T, Muto Y, Yokoyama S, Gagné SM, Vincent M. Structure, Dynamics, and Interaction of p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 with 5' Splice Site RNA Sequence. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2553-66. [PMID: 27064654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
p54(nrb)/NonO is a nuclear RNA-binding protein involved in many cellular events such as pre-mRNA processing, transcription, and nuclear retention of hyper-edited RNAs. In particular, it participates in the splicing process by directly binding the 5' splice site of pre-mRNAs. The protein also concentrates in a nuclear body called paraspeckle by binding a G-rich segment of the ncRNA NEAT1. The N-terminal section of p54(nrb)/NonO contains tandem RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) preceded by an HQ-rich region including a threonine residue (Thr15) whose phosphorylation inhibits its RNA binding ability, except for G-rich RNAs. In this work, our goal was to understand the rules that characterize the binding of the p54(nrb)/NonO RRMs to their RNA target. We have done in vitro RNA binding experiments which revealed that only the first RRM of p54(nrb)/NonO binds to the 5' splice site RNA. We have then determined the structure of the p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 by liquid-state NMR which revealed the presence of a canonical fold (β1α1β2β3α2β4) and the conservation of aromatic amino acids at the protein surface. We also investigated the dynamics of this domain by NMR. The p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 displays some motional properties that are typical of a well-folded protein with some regions exhibiting more flexibility (loops and β-strands). Furthermore, we determined the affinity of p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 interaction to the 5' splice site RNA by NMR and fluorescence quenching and mapped its binding interface by NMR, concluding in a classical nucleic acid interaction. This study provides an improved understanding of the molecular basis (structure and dynamics) that governs the binding of the p54(nrb)/NonO RRM1 to one of its target RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takashi Nagata
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yutaka Muto
- RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies , Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Musashino University , Nishitokyo-shi, Tokyo 202-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- RIKEN Systems and Structural Biology Center , 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan.,RIKEN Structural Biology Laboratory , 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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18
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Knott GJ, Bond CS, Fox AH. The DBHS proteins SFPQ, NONO and PSPC1: a multipurpose molecular scaffold. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:3989-4004. [PMID: 27084935 PMCID: PMC4872119 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear proteins are often given a concise title that captures their function, such as 'transcription factor,' 'polymerase' or 'nuclear-receptor.' However, for members of the Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) protein family, no such clean-cut title exists. DBHS proteins are frequently identified engaging in almost every step of gene regulation, including but not limited to, transcriptional regulation, RNA processing and transport, and DNA repair. Herein, we present a coherent picture of DBHS proteins, integrating recent structural insights on dimerization, nucleic acid binding modalities and oligomerization propensity with biological function. The emerging paradigm describes a family of dynamic proteins mediating a wide range of protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions, on the whole acting as a multipurpose molecular scaffold. Overall, significant steps toward appreciating the role of DBHS proteins have been made, but we are only beginning to understand the complexity and broader importance of this family in cellular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Knott
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charles S Bond
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Archa H Fox
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, WA 6009, Australia Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
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19
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Dobson L, Nyitray L, Gáspári Z. A conserved charged single α-helix with a putative steric role in paraspeckle formation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 21:2023-2029. [PMID: 26428695 PMCID: PMC4647456 DOI: 10.1261/rna.053058.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Paraspeckles are subnuclear particles involved in the regulation of mRNA expression. They are formed by the association of DBHS family proteins and the NEAT1 long noncoding RNA. Here, we show that a recently identified structural motif, the charged single α-helix, is largely conserved in the DBHS family. Based on the available structural data and a previously suggested multimerization scheme of DBHS proteins, we built a structural model of a (PSPC1/NONO)(n) multimer that might have relevance in paraspeckle formation. Our model contains an extended coiled-coil region that is followed by and partially overlaps with the predicted charged single α-helix. We suggest that the charged single α-helix can act as an elastic ruler governing the exact positioning of the dimeric core structures relative to each other during paraspeckle assembly along the NEAT1 noncoding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Dobson
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Nyitray
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Biochemistry, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gáspári
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
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20
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St. Gelais C, Roger J, Wu L. Non-POU Domain-Containing Octamer-Binding Protein Negatively Regulates HIV-1 Infection in CD4(+) T Cells. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:806-16. [PMID: 25769457 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 interacts with numerous cellular proteins during viral replication. Identifying such host proteins and characterizing their roles in HIV-1 infection can deepen our understanding of the dynamic interplay between host and pathogen. We previously identified non-POU domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NonO or p54nrb) as one of host factors associated with catalytically active preintegration complexes (PIC) of HIV-1 in infected CD4(+) T cells. NonO is involved in nuclear processes including transcriptional regulation and RNA splicing. Although NonO has been identified as an HIV-1 interactant in several recent studies, its role in HIV-1 replication has not been characterized. We investigated the effect of NonO on the HIV-1 life cycle in CD4(+) T cell lines and primary CD4(+) T cells using single-cycle and replication-competent HIV-1 infection assays. We observed that short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated stable NonO knockdown in a CD4(+) Jurkat T cell line and primary CD4(+) T cells did not affect cell viability or proliferation, but enhanced HIV-1 infection. The enhancement of HIV-1 infection in Jurkat T cells correlated with increased viral reverse transcription and gene expression. Knockdown of NonO expression in Jurkat T cells modestly enhanced HIV-1 gag mRNA expression and Gag protein synthesis, suggesting that viral gene expression and RNA regulation are the predominantly affected events causing enhanced HIV-1 replication in NonO knockdown (KD) cells. Furthermore, overexpression of NonO in Jurkat T cells reduced HIV-1 single-cycle infection by 41% compared to control cells. Our data suggest that NonO negatively regulates HIV-1 infection in CD4(+) T cells, albeit it has modest effects on early and late stages of the viral life cycle, highlighting the importance of host proteins associated with HIV-1 PIC in regulating viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine St. Gelais
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jonathan Roger
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Li Wu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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21
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Small G Proteins Dexras1 and RHES and Their Role in Pathophysiological Processes. Int J Cell Biol 2014; 2014:308535. [PMID: 24817889 PMCID: PMC3979064 DOI: 10.1155/2014/308535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexras1 and RHES, monomeric G proteins, are members of small GTPase family that are involved in modulation of pathophysiological processes. Dexras1 and RHES levels are modulated by hormones and Dexras1 expression undergoes circadian fluctuations. Both these GTPases are capable of modulating calcium ion channels which in turn can potentially modulate neurosecretion/hormonal release. These two GTPases have been reported to prevent the aberrant cell growth and induce apoptosis in cell lines. Present review focuses on role of these two monomeric GTPases and summarizes their role in pathophysiological processes.
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22
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Yadav SP, Hao H, Yang HJ, Kautzmann MAI, Brooks M, Nellissery J, Klocke B, Seifert M, Swaroop A. The transcription-splicing protein NonO/p54nrb and three NonO-interacting proteins bind to distal enhancer region and augment rhodopsin expression. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:2132-44. [PMID: 24301678 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phototransduction machinery in vertebrate photoreceptors is contained within the membrane discs of outer segments. Daily renewal of 10% of photoreceptor outer segments requires stringent control of gene expression. Rhodopsin constitutes over 90% of the protein in rod discs, and its altered expression or transport is associated with photoreceptor dysfunction and/or death. Two cis-regulatory sequences have been identified upstream of the rhodopsin transcription start site. While the proximal promoter binds to specific transcription factors, including NRL and CRX, the rhodopsin enhancer region (RER) reportedly contributes to precise and high-level expression of rhodopsin in vivo. Here, we report the identification of RER-bound proteins by mass spectrometry. We validate the binding of NonO (p54(nrb)), a protein implicated in coupling transcription to splicing, and three NonO-interacting proteins-hnRNP M, Ywhaz and Ppp1ca. NonO and its interactors can activate rhodopsin promoter in HEK293 cells and function synergistically with NRL and CRX. DNA-binding domain of NonO is critical for rhodopsin promoter activation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis demonstrates high occupancy of NonO at rhodopsin and a subset of phototransduction genes. Furthermore, shRNA knockdown of NonO in mouse retina leads to loss of rhodopsin expression and rod cell death, which can be partially rescued by a C-terminal NonO construct. RNA-seq analysis of the NonO shRNA-treated retina revealed splicing defects and altered expression of genes, specifically those associated with phototransduction. Our studies identify an important contribution of NonO and its interacting modulator proteins in enhancing rod-specific gene expression and controlling rod homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharda P Yadav
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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23
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Zanfardino M, Spampanato C, De Cicco R, Buommino E, De Filippis A, Baiano S, Barra A, Morelli F. Simvastatin reduces melanoma progression in a murine model. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1763-70. [PMID: 24101161 PMCID: PMC3833984 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins are a class of drugs that inhibit the rate-limiting step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway and show an anticancer effect, probably through the inhibition of cell proliferation. To date, the exact mechanism of cancer cell growth arrest induced by statins is not known. We report that simvastatin is able to induce apoptosis in melanoma cells but not in normal cells and also able to contrast the growth of tumor in an experimental melanoma murine model. We observed a delay in the tumor development in almost the 50% of the simvastatin administered animals and a strong reduction of the tumor volume with a differences of ~150% compared to the controls. Also the survival rate was significantly higher in mice that received the drug with a survival increase of ~130% compared to the controls. The tumor growth reduction in mice was supported by the results of cell migration assay, confirming that simvastatin clearly reduced cell migration. Moreover, simvastatin induced a strong downregulation of NonO gene expression, an important growth factor involved in the splicing regulation. This result could explain the decrease of melanoma cells proliferation, suggesting a possible action mechanism. The results derived from our experiments may sustain the many reports on the anticancer inhibitory property of statins and encourage new studies on this drug for a possible use in therapy, probably in combination with conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Zanfardino
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics A. Buzzati Traverso, CNR Naples, Naples, Italy
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Park Y, Lee JM, Hwang MY, Son GH, Geum D. NonO binds to the CpG island of oct4 promoter and functions as a transcriptional activator of oct4 gene expression. Mol Cells 2013; 35:61-9. [PMID: 23212346 PMCID: PMC3887857 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-013-2273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between oct4 gene expression patterns and CpG sites methylation profiles during ES cell differentiation into neurons, and identified relevant binding factor. The oct4 gene expression level gradually declined as ES cell differentiation progressed, and the CpG sites in the oct4 proximal enhancer (PE) and promoter regions were methylated in concert with ES cell differentiation. An electro-mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that putative proteins bind to CpG sites in the oct4 PE/promoter. We purified CpG binding proteins with DNAbinding purification method, and NonO was identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. EMSA with specific competitors revealed that NonO specifically binds to the conserved CCGGTGAC sequence in the oct4 promoter. Methylation at a specific cytosine residue (CC* GGTGAC) reduced the binding affinity of NonO for the recognition sequence. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed that NonO binds to the unmethylated oct4 promoter. There were no changes in the NonO mRNA and protein levels between ES cells and differentiated cells. The transcriptional role of NonO in oct4 gene expression was evaluated by luciferase assays and knockdown experiments. The luciferase activity significantly increased threefold when the NonO expression vector was cotransfected with the NonO recognition sequence, indicating that NonO has a transcription activator effect on oct4 gene expression. In accordance with this effect, when NonO expression was inhibited by siRNA treatment, oct4 expression was also significantly reduced. In summary, we purified NonO, a novel protein that binds to the CpG island of oct4 promoter, and positively regulates oct4 gene expression in ES cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gi-hoon Son
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine, Medical School, Korea University, Seoul 136-705,
Korea
| | - Dongho Geum
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Legal Medicine, Medical School, Korea University, Seoul 136-705,
Korea
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25
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Yamauchi T, Nakamura N, Hiramoto M, Yuri M, Yokota H, Naitou M, Takeuchi M, Yamanaka K, Kita A, Nakahara T, Kinoyama I, Matsuhisa A, Kaneko N, Koutoku H, Sasamata M, Kobori M, Katou M, Tawara S, Kawabata S, Furuichi K. Sepantronium bromide (YM155) induces disruption of the ILF3/p54(nrb) complex, which is required for survivin expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 425:711-6. [PMID: 22842455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
YM155, a small-molecule survivin suppressant, specifically binds to the transcription factor ILF3, which regulates the expression of survivin[1]. In this experiment we have demonstrated that p54(nrb) binds to the survivin promoter and regulates survivin expression. p54(nrb) forms a complex with ILF3, which directly binds to YM155. YM155 induces disruption of the ILF3/p54(nrb) complex, which results in a different subcellular localization between ILF3 and p54(nrb). Thus, identification of molecular targets of YM155 in suppression of the survivin pathway, might lead to development of its use as a novel potential target in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Yamauchi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.
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26
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Roepcke S, Stahlberg S, Klein H, Schulz MH, Theobald L, Gohlke S, Vingron M, Walther DJ. A tandem sequence motif acts as a distance-dependent enhancer in a set of genes involved in translation by binding the proteins NonO and SFPQ. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:624. [PMID: 22185324 PMCID: PMC3262029 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bioinformatic analyses of expression control sequences in promoters of co-expressed or functionally related genes enable the discovery of common regulatory sequence motifs that might be involved in co-ordinated gene expression. By studying promoter sequences of the human ribosomal protein genes we recently identified a novel highly specific Localized Tandem Sequence Motif (LTSM). In this work we sought to identify additional genes and LTSM-binding proteins to elucidate potential regulatory mechanisms. RESULTS Genome-wide analyses allowed finding a considerable number of additional LTSM-positive genes, the products of which are involved in translation, among them, translation initiation and elongation factors, and 5S rRNA. Electromobility shift assays then showed specific signals demonstrating the binding of protein complexes to LTSM in ribosomal protein gene promoters. Pull-down assays with LTSM-containing oligonucleotides and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis identified the related multifunctional nucleotide binding proteins NonO and SFPQ in the binding complex. Functional characterization then revealed that LTSM enhances the transcriptional activity of the promoters in dependency of the distance from the transcription start site. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the power of bioinformatic analyses for the identification of biologically relevant sequence motifs. LTSM and the here found LTSM-binding proteins NonO and SFPQ were discovered through a synergistic combination of bioinformatic and biochemical methods and are regulators of the expression of a set of genes of the translational apparatus in a distance-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Roepcke
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Passon DM, Lee M, Fox AH, Bond CS. Crystallization of a paraspeckle protein PSPC1-NONO heterodimer. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:1231-4. [PMID: 22102035 PMCID: PMC3212370 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309111026212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1) and non-POU-domain-containing octamer-binding protein (NONO) heterodimer is an essential structural component of paraspeckles, ribonucleoprotein bodies found in the interchromatin space of mammalian cell nuclei. PSPC1 and NONO both belong to the Drosophila behaviour and human splicing (DBHS) protein family, which has been implicated in many aspects of RNA processing. A heterodimer of the core DBHS conserved region of PSPC1 and NONO comprising two tandemly arranged RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), a NONA/paraspeckle (NOPS) domain and part of a predicted coiled-coil domain has been crystallized in space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 90.90, b = 67.18, c = 94.08 Å, β = 99.96°. The crystal contained one heterodimer in the asymmetric unit and diffracted to 1.9 Å resolution using synchrotron radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Passon
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mihwa Lee
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Archa H. Fox
- Centre for Medical Research, WAIMR, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Charles S. Bond
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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28
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Rasd1 modulates the coactivator function of NonO in the cyclic AMP pathway. PLoS One 2011; 6:e24401. [PMID: 21915321 PMCID: PMC3168489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0024401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All living organisms exhibit autonomous daily physiological and behavioural rhythms to help them synchronize with the environment. Entrainment of circadian rhythm is achieved via activation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. NonO (p54nrb) is a multifunctional protein involved in transcriptional activation of the cAMP pathway and is involved in circadian rhythm control. Rasd1 is a monomeric G protein implicated to play a pivotal role in potentiating both photic and nonphotic responses of the circadian rhythm. In this study, we have identified and validated NonO as an interacting partner of Rasd1 via affinity pulldown, co-immunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence studies. The GTP-hydrolysis activity of Rasd1 is required for the functional interaction. Functional interaction of Rasd1-NonO in the cAMP pathway was investigated via reporter gene assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and gene knockdown. We showed that Rasd1 and NonO interact at the CRE-site of specific target genes. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the coregulator activity of NonO can be modulated.
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29
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Lu C, Mishra A, Zhu YJ, Meltzer P, Cheng SY. Global expression profiling reveals gain-of-function oncogenic activity of a mutated thyroid hormone receptor in thyroid carcinogenesis. Am J Cancer Res 2011; 1:168-191. [PMID: 21547001 PMCID: PMC3086765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are critical in regulating gene expression in normal physiological processes. Decreased expression and/or somatic mutations of TRs have been shown to be associated several types of human cancers including liver, breast, lung, and thyroid. To understand the molecular mechanisms by which mutated TRs promote carcinogenesis, an animal model of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) (Thrb(PV/PV) mice) was used in the present study. The Thrb(PV/PV) mouse harbors a knockin dominant negative PV mutation, identified in a patient with resistance to thyroid hormone. To understand whether oncogenic actions of PV involve not only the loss of normal TR functions but also gain-of-function activities, we compared the gene expression profiles of thyroid lesions in Thrb(PV/PV) mice and Thra1(-/-)Thrb(-/-) mice that also spontaneously develop FTC, but with less severe malignancy. Analysis of the cDNA microarray data derived from microdissected thyroid tumor cells of these two mice showed contrasting global gene expression profiles. With stringent selection using 2.5-fold change (p<0.01) in cDNA microarray analysis, 241 genes with altered gene expression were identified. Nearly half of the genes (n=103: 42.7% of total) with altered gene expression in thyroid tumor cells of Thrb(PV/PV) mice were associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis; some of these genes function as oncogenes in human thyroid cancers. The remaining genes were found to function in transcriptional regulation, RNA processing, cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and cytoskeleton modification. These results indicate that the more aggressive thyroid tumor progression in Thrb(PV/PV) mice was not due simply to the loss of tumor suppressor functions of TR via mutation but also, importantly, to gain-of-function in the oncogenic activities of PV to drive thyroid carcinogenesis. Thus, the present study identifies a novel mechanism by which a mutated TRβ evolves with an oncogenic advantage to promote thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxue Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alok Mishra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yuelin J Zhu
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Meltzer
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheue-yann Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteBethesda, MD 20892, USA
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30
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Abstract
Hundreds of human genes express mRNAs that contain inverted repeat sequences within their 3'-UTRs. When expressed, these sequences can be promiscuously edited by ADAR enzymes, leading to the retention of mRNAs in nuclear paraspeckles. Here we discuss how this retention system can be used to regulate gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China.
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31
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Rajesh C, Baker DK, Pierce AJ, Pittman DL. The splicing-factor related protein SFPQ/PSF interacts with RAD51D and is necessary for homology-directed repair and sister chromatid cohesion. Nucleic Acids Res 2010; 39:132-45. [PMID: 20813759 PMCID: PMC3017596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkq738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) are among the most severe forms of DNA damage and responsible for chromosomal translocations that may lead to gene fusions. The RAD51 family plays an integral role in preserving genome stability by homology directed repair of DSBs. From a proteomics screen, we recently identified SFPQ/PSF as an interacting partner with the RAD51 paralogs, RAD51D, RAD51C and XRCC2. Initially discovered as a potential RNA splicing factor, SFPQ was later shown to have homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining related activities and also to bind and modulate the function of RAD51. Here, we demonstrate that SFPQ interacts directly with RAD51D and that deficiency of both proteins confers a severe loss of cell viability, indicating a synthetic lethal relationship. Surprisingly, deficiency of SFPQ alone also leads to sister chromatid cohesion defects and chromosome instability. In addition, SFPQ was demonstrated to mediate homology directed DNA repair and DNA damage response resulting from DNA crosslinking agents, alkylating agents and camptothecin. Taken together, these data indicate that SFPQ association with the RAD51 protein complex is essential for homologous recombination repair of DNA damage and maintaining genome integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changanamkandath Rajesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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32
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Chen LL, Carmichael GG. Long noncoding RNAs in mammalian cells: what, where, and why? WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2010; 1:2-21. [PMID: 21956903 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Not all long, polyadenylated cellular RNAs encode polypeptides. In recent years, it has become apparent that a number of organisms express abundant amounts of transcripts that lack open reading frames or that are retained in the nucleus. Rather than accumulating silently in the cell, we now know that many of these long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in nuclear architecture or in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we discuss some recent progress in our understanding of the functions of a number of important lncRNAs in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chen
- Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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33
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Marko M, Leichter M, Patrinou-Georgoula M, Guialis A. hnRNP M interacts with PSF and p54nrb and co-localizes within defined nuclear structures. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:390-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 10/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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34
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Chen LL, Carmichael GG. Altered nuclear retention of mRNAs containing inverted repeats in human embryonic stem cells: functional role of a nuclear noncoding RNA. Mol Cell 2009; 35:467-78. [PMID: 19716791 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 513] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In many cells, mRNAs containing inverted repeats (Alu repeats in humans) in their 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) are inefficiently exported to the cytoplasm. Nuclear retention correlates with adenosine-to-inosine editing and is in paraspeckle-associated complexes containing the proteins p54(nrb), PSF, and PSP1 alpha. We report that robust editing activity in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) does not lead to nuclear retention. p54(nrb), PSF, and PSP1 alpha are all expressed in hESCs, but paraspeckles are absent and only appear upon differentiation. Paraspeckle assembly and function depend on expression of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA, NEAT1. This RNA is not detectable in hESCs but is induced upon differentiation. Knockdown of NEAT1 in HeLa cells results both in loss of paraspeckles and in enhanced nucleocytoplasmic export of mRNAs containing inverted Alu repeats. Taken together, these results assign a biological function to a large noncoding nuclear RNA in the regulation of mRNA export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chen
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Stem Cell Institute, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3301, USA
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35
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Abstract
Paraspeckles are ribonucleoprotein bodies found in the interchromatin space of mammalian cell nuclei. These structures play a role in regulating the expression of certain genes in differentiated cells by nuclear retention of RNA. The core paraspeckle proteins (PSF/SFPQ, P54NRB/NONO, and PSPC1 [paraspeckle protein 1]) are members of the DBHS (Drosophila melanogaster behavior, human splicing) family. These proteins, together with the long nonprotein-coding RNA NEAT1 (MEN-ϵ/β), associate to form paraspeckles and maintain their integrity. Given the large numbers of long noncoding transcripts currently being discovered through whole transcriptome analysis, paraspeckles may be a paradigm for a class of subnuclear bodies formed around long noncoding RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Bond
- School of Biomedical, Biomolecular, and Chemical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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36
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Transcriptional activity of the murine retinol-binding protein gene is regulated by a multiprotein complex containing HMGA1, p54 nrb/NonO, protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) and steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)/liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1). Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2009; 41:2189-203. [PMID: 19389484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Retinol-binding protein (RBP4) transports retinol in the circulation from hepatic stores to peripheral tissues. Since little is known regarding the regulation of this gene, we analysed the cis-regulatory sequences of the mouse RBP4 gene. Our data show that transcription of the gene is regulated through a bipartite promoter: a proximal region necessary for basal expression and a distal segment responsible for cAMP-induction. This latter region contains several binding sites for the structural HMGA1 proteins, which are important to promoter regulation. We further demonstrate that HMGA1s play a key role in basal and cAMP-induction of Rbp4 transcription and the RBP4 and HMGA1 genes are coordinately regulated in vitro and in vivo. HMGA1 acts to recruit transcription factors to the RBP4 promoter and we specifically identified p54(nrb)/NonO and protein-associated splicing factor (PSF) as components that interact with this complex. Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1) or the related liver receptor homologue 1 (LRH-1) are also associated with this complex upon cAMP-induction. Depletion of SF1/LRH-1 by RNA interference resulted in a dramatic loss of cAMP-induction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that basal and cAMP-induced Rbp4 transcription is regulated by a multiprotein complex that is similar to ones that modulate expression of genes of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Since genes related to glucose metabolism are regulated in a similar fashion, this suggests that Rbp4 expression may be regulated as part of a network of pathways relevant to the onset of type 2 diabetes.
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37
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Sewer MB, Jagarlapudi S. Complex assembly on the human CYP17 promoter. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 300:109-14. [PMID: 19007851 PMCID: PMC2754694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Optimal steroid hormone biosynthesis occurs via the integration of multiple regulatory processes, one of which entails a coordinate increase in the transcription of all genes required for steroidogenesis. In the human adrenal cortex adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) activates a signaling cascade that promotes the dynamic assembly of protein complexes on the promoters of steroidogenic genes. For CYP17, multiple transcription factors, including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1), GATA-6, and sterol regulatory binding protein 1 (SREBP1), are recruited to the promoter during activated transcription. The ability of these factors to increase CYP17 mRNA expression requires the formation of higher order coregulatory complexes, many of which contain enzymatic activities that post-translationally modify both the transcription factors and histones. We discuss the mechanisms by which transcription factors and coregulatory proteins regulate CYP17 transcription and summarize the role of kinases, phosphatases, acetyltransferases, and histone deacetylases in controlling CYP17 mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion B Sewer
- School of Biology and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States.
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38
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Delbès G, Chan D, Pakarinen P, Trasler JM, Hales BF, Robaire B. Impact of the chemotherapy cocktail used to treat testicular cancer on the gene expression profile of germ cells from male Brown-Norway rats. Biol Reprod 2008; 80:320-7. [PMID: 18987330 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.108.072108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in treatment for testicular cancer that include the coadministration of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) have brought the cure rate to higher than 90%%. The goal of this study was to elucidate the impact of BEP treatment on gene expression in male germ cells. Brown-Norway rats were treated for 9 wk with vehicle (0x) or BEP at doses equivalent to 0.3x and 0.6x the human dose. At the end of treatment, spermatogenesis was affected, showing altered histology and a decreased sperm count; spermatozoa had a higher number of DNA breaks. After 9 wk of treatment, round spermatids were isolated, and RNA was extracted and probed on Rat230-2.0 Affymetrix arrays. Of the 31 099 probe sets present on the array, 59%% were expressed in control round spermatids. BEP treatment significantly altered the expression of 221 probe sets, with at least a 1.5-fold change compared with controls; 80% were upregulated. We observed a dose-dependent increase in the expression of oxidative stress response genes and no change in the expression of genes involved in DNA repair. BEP upregulated genes were implicated in pathways related to Jun and Junb protooncogenes. Increased mRNA levels of Jun and Junb were confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR; furthermore, JUN protein was increased in elongating spermatids. Thus, BEP exposure triggers an oxidative stress response in round spermatids and induces many pathways that may lead to the survival of damaged cells and production of abnormal sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Delbès
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal Children's Hospital Research Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3G 1Y6
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39
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Hundley HA, Krauchuk AA, Bass BL. C. elegans and H. sapiens mRNAs with edited 3' UTRs are present on polysomes. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2008; 14:2050-60. [PMID: 18719245 PMCID: PMC2553745 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1165008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) are editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). ADARs sometimes target codons so that a single mRNA yields multiple protein isoforms. However, ADARs most often target noncoding regions of mRNAs, such as untranslated regions (UTRs). To understand the function of extensive double-stranded 3' UTR structures, and the inosines within them, we monitored the fate of reporter and endogenous mRNAs that include structured 3' UTRs in wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans and in strains with mutations in the ADAR genes. In general, we saw little effect of editing on stability or translatability of mRNA, although in one case an ADR-1 dependent effect was observed. Importantly, whereas previous studies indicate that inosine-containing RNAs are retained in the nucleus, we show that both C. elegans and Homo sapiens mRNAs with edited, structured 3' UTRs are present on translating ribosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Hundley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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40
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Yang X, Lin L, Zhang X, Ji Y, Lv J, Zhu Y, Yin Y, Sun Y, Han X. Identification of a novel repressor element in the cyclo-oxygenase-2 promoter and its nuclear binding protein. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008; 35:1204-8. [PMID: 18518878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.04980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) has important functions in many diseases. Although its transcriptional regulation has been investigated in considerable detail, some important elements remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the existence of a novel repressor element in the mouse COX-2 promoter and characterize some of its binding proteins. In order to identify the repressor element, the activity of the mouse COX-2 promoter was investigated in the pancreatic beta-cell line RINm5F using a series of deletion and mutant constructs. The ability of nuclear proteins to bind to this repressor element was then determined by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and the proteins binding to this repressor element were purified and identified by mass spectrometry. One of the nuclear proteins identified was overexpressed to examine its inhibitory effect on COX-2 promoter activity. We found a novel repressor element located from nucleotides -655 to -632 of the mouse COX-2 promoter region. Some proteins from RINm5F cell nuclear extracts bound to this element, one of which was identified as non-POU-domain-containing, octamer-binding protein (NonO). Overexpression of NonO significantly inhibited wild-type COX-2 promoter activity, but had no effect when the repressor element was mutated. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a regulatory 'spot' is present in the COX-2 promoter. This provides additional data on COX-2 gene regulation and may provide an insight into the clinical treatment of diseases where COX-2 is highly expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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41
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Medendorp K, van Groningen JJM, Schepens M, Vreede L, Thijssen J, Schoenmakers EFPM, van den Hurk WH, Geurts van Kessel A, Kuiper RP. Molecular mechanisms underlying the MiT translocation subgroup of renal cell carcinomas. Cytogenet Genome Res 2007; 118:157-65. [PMID: 18000366 DOI: 10.1159/000108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which differ in histological, pathologic and clinical characteristics. The tumors originate from different locations within the nephron and are accompanied by different recurrent (cyto)genetic anomalies. Recently, a novel subgroup of RCCs has been defined, i.e., the MiT translocation subgroup of RCCs. These tumors originate from the proximal tubule of the nephron, exhibit pleomorphic histological features including clear cell morphologies and papillary structures, and are found predominantly in children and young adults. In addition, these tumors are characterized by the occurrence of recurrent chromosomal translocations, which result in disruption and fusion of either the TFE3 or TFEB genes, both members of the MiT family of basic helix-loop-helix/leucine-zipper transcription factor genes. Hence the name MiT translocation subgroup of RCCs. In this review several features of this RCC subgroup will be discussed, including the molecular mechanisms that may underlie their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Medendorp
- Department of Human Genetics, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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42
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Zhang C, Zhang MX, Shen YH, Burks JK, Zhang Y, Wang J, LeMaire SA, Yoshimura K, Aoki H, Coselli JS, Wang XL. TNF-alpha suppresses prolyl-4-hydroxylase alpha1 expression via the ASK1-JNK-NonO pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:1760-7. [PMID: 17478756 PMCID: PMC2597036 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.107.144881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular diseases in which arterial wall extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis is disrupted. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a pivotal cytokine that regulates ECM metabolism by increasing degradation and decreasing production of arterial collagens, is associated with vulnerable plaques and aortic aneurysms. METHODS AND RESULTS In the current study, we showed that, when administered in doses of 1 to 100 ng/mL, TNF-alpha dose-dependently downregulated the expression of prolyl-4-hydroxylase alphaI [P4H alpha(I)]-the rate-limiting subunit for the P4H enzyme essential for procollagen hydroxylation, secretion, and deposition in primary human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs). Using a progressive deletion cloning approach, we characterized the TNF-alpha-responsive element (TaRE) in the human P4H alpha(I) promoter and found that a negative regulatory region at the position of -32 to +18 bp is responsible for approximately 80% of TNF-alpha-mediated suppression. Using oligonucleotide-based transcription factor pull-down method in which proteins were resolved in 1-D gel electrophoresis and identified using LC-MS/MS, we identified the NonO protein binds this region. When NonO expression silenced with specific siRNA, we found that 70% of the TNF-alpha-mediated P4H alpha suppression was abolished, which appeared to be mediated by the ASK1-JNK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings define a novel molecular pathway for inflammation associated extracellular matrix dysregulation, which may account for atherosclerotic plaque rupture and aortic aneurysm formation. Further understanding of this pathway may facilitate development of novel therapeutics for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, and Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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43
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Huang CJ, Tang Z, Lin RJ, Tucker PW. Phosphorylation by SR kinases regulates the binding of PTB-associated splicing factor (PSF) to the pre-mRNA polypyrimidine tract. FEBS Lett 2006; 581:223-32. [PMID: 17188683 PMCID: PMC1847627 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PSF (PTB-associated splicing factor) is a multi-functional protein that participates in transcription and RNA processing. While phosphorylation of PSF has been shown to be important for some functions, the sites and the kinases involved are not well understood. Although PSF does not contain a typical RS domain, we report here that PSF is phosphorylated in vivo to generate an epitope(s) that can be recognized by a monoclonal antibody specific for phosphorylated RS motifs within SR proteins. PSF can be phosphorylated by human and yeast SR kinases in vivo and in vitro at an isolated RS motif within its N terminus. A functional consequence of SR phosphorylation of PSF is to inhibit its binding to the 3' polypyrimidine tract of pre-mRNA. These results indicate that PSF is a substrate of SR kinases whose phosphorylation regulates its RNA binding capacity and ultimate biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Jung Huang
- Section of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, 1 University Station, A5000 Austin, TX 78712, United States
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44
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Wu X, Yoo Y, Okuhama NN, Tucker PW, Liu G, Guan JL. Regulation of RNA-polymerase-II-dependent transcription by N-WASP and its nuclear-binding partners. Nat Cell Biol 2006; 8:756-63. [PMID: 16767080 DOI: 10.1038/ncb1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of actin in the nucleus has been well established, and several studies have implicated nuclear actin in transcriptional regulation. Neuronal Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) is a member of the WASP family of proteins; these proteins function in the cytoplasm as key regulators of cortical actin filament. Interestingly, N-WASP has also been observed in the nucleus. However, a potential nuclear function for N-WASP has not been established. Here, we report the identification of nuclear N-WASP within a large nuclear-protein complex containing PSF-NonO (polypyrimidine-tract-binding-protein-associated splicing factor-non-Pou-domain octamer-binding protein/p54(nrb)), nuclear actin and RNA polymerase II. The PSF-NonO complex is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, such as transcription, RNA processing, DNA unwinding and repair. We demonstrate that the interaction of N-WASP with the PSF-NonO complex can couple N-WASP with RNA polymerase II to regulate transcription. We also provide evidence that the potential function of N-WASP in promoting polymerization of nuclear actins has an important role in this process. Based on these results, we propose a nuclear function for N-WASP in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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45
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Liang S, Lutz CS. p54nrb is a component of the snRNP-free U1A (SF-A) complex that promotes pre-mRNA cleavage during polyadenylation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2006; 12:111-21. [PMID: 16373496 PMCID: PMC1370891 DOI: 10.1261/rna.2213506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 10/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The U1 snRNP-A (U1A) protein has been known for many years as a component of the U1 snRNP. We have previously described a form of U1A present in human cells in significant amounts that is not associated with the U1 snRNP or U1 RNA but instead is part of a novel complex of non-snRNP proteins that we have termed snRNP-free U1A, or SF-A. Antibodies that specifically recognize this complex inhibit in vitro splicing and polyadenylation of pre-mRNA, suggesting that this complex may play an important functional role in these mRNA-processing activities. This finding was underscored by the determination that one of the components of this complex is the polypyrimidine-tract-binding protein-associated splicing factor, PSF. In order to further our studies on this complex and to determine the rest of the components of the SF-A complex, we prepared several stable HeLa cell lines that overexpress a tandem-affinity-purification-tagged version of U1A (TAP-tagged U1A). Nuclear extract was prepared from one of these cell lines, line 107, and affinity purification was performed along with RNase treatment. We have used mass spectrometry analysis to identify the candidate factors that associate with U1A. We have now identified and characterized PSF, p54(nrb), and p68 as novel components of the SF-A complex. We have explored the function of this complex in RNA processing, specifically cleavage and polyadenylation, by performing immunodepletions followed by reconstitution experiments, and have found that p54(nrb) is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songchun Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School MSB E671, 185 S. Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is often formed in the nuclei of mammalian cells, but in this compartment it does not induce the effects characteristic of cytoplasmic dsRNA. Rather, recent work has suggested that nuclear dsRNA is a target for the ADAR class of enzymes, which deaminate adenosines to inosines. Further, there are a number of distinct fates of such edited RNA, including nuclear retention and perhaps also gene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua DeCerbo
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-3301, USA
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Kivelä AJ, Kivelä J, Saarnio J, Parkkila S. Carbonic anhydrases in normal gastrointestinal tract and gastrointestinal tumours. World J Gastroenterol 2005; 11:155-63. [PMID: 15633208 PMCID: PMC4205394 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v11.i2.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) catalyse the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate at physiological pH. This chemical interconversion is crucial since HCO3- is the substrate for several biosynthetic reactions. This review is focused on the distribution and role of CA isoenzymes in both normal and pathological gastrointestinal (GI) tract tissues. It has been known for many years that CAs are widely present in the GI tract and play important roles in several physiological functions such as production of saliva, gastric acid, bile, and pancreatic juice as well as in absorption of salt and water in intestine. New information suggests that these enzymes participate in several processes that were not envisioned earlier. Especially, the recent reports on plasma membrane-bound isoenzymes IX and XII have raised considerable interest since they were reported to participate in cancer invasion and spread. They are induced by tumour hypoxia and may also play a role in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti-J Kivelä
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Oulu, Finland.
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Kanai Y, Dohmae N, Hirokawa N. Kinesin Transports RNA. Neuron 2004; 43:513-25. [PMID: 15312650 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2004.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 822] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Revised: 06/21/2004] [Accepted: 07/19/2004] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RNA transport is an important and fundamental event for local protein synthesis, especially in neurons. RNA is transported as large granules, but little is known about them. Here, we isolated a large RNase-sensitive granule (size: 1000S approximately) as a binding partner of conventional kinesin (KIF5). We identified a total of 42 proteins with mRNAs for CaMKIIalpha and Arc in the granule. Seventeen of the proteins (hnRNP-U, Pur alpha and beta, PSF, DDX1, DDX3, SYNCRIP, TLS, NonO, HSPC117, ALY, CGI-99, staufen, three FMRPs, and EF-1alpha) were extensively investigated, including their classification, binding combinations, and necessity for the "transport" of RNA. These proteins and the mRNAs were colocalized to the kinesin-associated granules in dendrites. The granules moved bidirectionally, and the distally directed movement was enhanced by the overexpression of KIF5 and reduced by its functional blockage. Thus, kinesin transports RNA via this granule in dendrites coordinately with opposite motors, such as dynein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshimitsu Kanai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Myojin R, Kuwahara S, Yasaki T, Matsunaga T, Sakurai T, Kimura M, Uesugi S, Kurihara Y. Expression and functional significance of mouse paraspeckle protein 1 on spermatogenesis. Biol Reprod 2004; 71:926-32. [PMID: 15140795 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.104.028159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraspeckle protein 1 (PSP1) in humans is a recently identified component protein of a novel nuclear body, paraspeckle. The protein has a DBHS (Drosophila behavior, human splicing) motif that is found in PSF and p54(nrb)/NonO proteins. These DBHS-containing proteins have been reported to be involved in various nuclear events such as DNA replication, transcription, and mRNA processing. Here we show that mouse paraspeckle protein 1 (mPSP1; encoded by the Pspc1 gene) has two isoforms with different C-termini lengths. Abundant expression of the longer isoform (mPSP1-alpha) and the shorter one (mPSP1-beta) were observed in testis and kidney, respectively. Transiently expressed mPSP1-alpha was localized in nuclei, but mPSP1-beta was localized in both nuclei and cytoplasm. These observations suggest that alternative splicing regulates tissue distribution and subcellular localization. Like other DBHS-containing proteins, mPSP1 has RNA-binding activity. In mouse testis, mPSP1-alpha was found in the nuclear matrix fraction. Furthermore, by coimmunoprecipitation, we confirmed that mPSP1 interacts with other DBHS-containing proteins, PSF and p54(nrb)/NonO. Therefore, we conclude that mPSP1 may regulate multiple phases of important nuclear events during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiko Myojin
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-0851, Japan
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Kameoka S, Duque P, Konarska MM. p54(nrb) associates with the 5' splice site within large transcription/splicing complexes. EMBO J 2004; 23:1782-91. [PMID: 15057275 PMCID: PMC394241 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2003] [Accepted: 03/04/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional coupling of transcription and splicing has been reported both in vivo and in vitro, but the molecular mechanisms governing these interactions remain largely unknown. Here we show that p54(nrb), a transcription/splicing factor, associates with the 5' splice site (SS) within large complexes present in HeLa cell nuclear extracts, in which the hyperphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II (RNAPIIO) is associated with U1 or U1 and U2 snRNPs. These RNAPIIO-snRNP complexes also contain other transcription/splicing factors, such as PSF and TLS, as well as transcription factors that interact with RNAPIIO during elongation, including P-TEFb, TAT-SF1 and TFIIF. The presence of these factors in functional elongation complexes, demonstrated using an immobilized DNA template assay, strongly suggests that the RNAPIIO-snRNP complexes reflect physiologically relevant interactions between the transcription and splicing machineries. Our finding that both p54(nrb) and PSF, which bind the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNAPII, can interact directly with the 5' SS indicates that these factors may mediate contacts between RNAPII and snRNPs during the coupled transcription/splicing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Kameoka
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paula Duque
- The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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