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Li X, Gao C, Zhou K, Gan K, Ye T, Zhao J, Li J, Ma C. Dendrobine Ameliorates Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis by Promoting Osteogenesis through JNK/p38 MAPK Pathway Activation and GR Nuclear Translocation Inhibition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39033544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the common reason for secondary osteoporosis. Dendrobine (DEN) is the major biologically active component of Dendrobium officinale with anti-inflammatory and antiaging properties. Whether DEN could alleviate osteogenic inhibition in GIOP rats is still unknown. The influence on osteogenic function caused by DEN on dexamethasone-treated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and rats was observed. The in vitro results showed that DEN reversed the inhibition of osteogenic differentiation by dexamethasone. Moreover, DEN supplementation attenuated dexamethasone-induced bone loss in vivo. DEN activated JNK and p38 MAPK pathways and restrained GR nuclear translocation, which could be prevented by the JNK (SP600125) or p38 (SB203580) pathway inhibitor. This study verified that DEN alleviated dexamethasone-induced nuclear translocation of GR, and inhibition of osteogenesis via JNK and p38 pathways, laying the foundation for DEN as a therapeutic agent for GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Chenyi Gao
- Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Kaifeng Gan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Tianjie Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou 416000, Hunan, China
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2
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Liu K, Li Z, Li L, Heyward S, Wang SR, He L, Wang H. Mechanistic Understanding of Dexamethasone-Mediated Protection against Remdesivir-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Mol Pharmacol 2024; 106:71-82. [PMID: 38769019 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.124.000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Remdesivir (RDV), a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, is often used together with dexamethasone (DEX) for hospitalized COVID-19 patients requiring respiratory support. Potential hepatic adverse drug reaction is a safety concern associated with the use of RDV. We previously reported that DEX cotreatment effectively mitigates RDV-induced hepatotoxicity and reduces elevated serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in cultured human primary hepatocytes (HPH) and hospitalized COVID-19 patients, respectively. Yet, the precise mechanism behind this protective drug-drug interaction remains largely unknown. Here, we show that through the activation of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signaling, RDV induces apoptosis (cleavage of caspases 8, 9, and 3), autophagy (increased autophagosome and LC3-II), and mitochondrial damages (decreased membrane potential, respiration, ATP levels, and increased expression of Bax and the released cytosolic cytochrome C) in HPH. Importantly, cotreatment with DEX partially reversed RDV-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and cell death. Mechanistically, DEX deactivates/dephosphorylates p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 signaling by enhancing the expression of dual specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphatase, in a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-dependent manner. Knockdown of GR in HPH attenuates DEX-mediated DUSP1 induction, MAPK dephosphorylation, as well as protection against RDV-induced hepatotoxicity. Collectively, our findings suggest a molecular mechanism by which DEX modulates the GR-DUSP1-MAPK regulatory axis to alleviate the adverse actions of RDV in the liver. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The research uncovers the molecular mechanisms by which dexamethasone safeguards against remdesivir-associated liver damage in the context of COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (K.L., Z.L., L.L., S.R.W., H.W.); BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.); and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (L.H.)
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (K.L., Z.L., L.L., S.R.W., H.W.); BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.); and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (L.H.)
| | - Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (K.L., Z.L., L.L., S.R.W., H.W.); BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.); and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (L.H.)
| | - Scott Heyward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (K.L., Z.L., L.L., S.R.W., H.W.); BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.); and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (L.H.)
| | - Shelley R Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (K.L., Z.L., L.L., S.R.W., H.W.); BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.); and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (L.H.)
| | - Ling He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (K.L., Z.L., L.L., S.R.W., H.W.); BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.); and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (L.H.)
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (K.L., Z.L., L.L., S.R.W., H.W.); BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.); and Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (L.H.)
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Al-Radadi NS, Al-Bishri WM, Salem NA, ElShebiney SA. Plant-mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of Passiflora ligularis, optimization, characterizations, and their neuroprotective effect on propionic acid-induced autism in Wistar rats. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101921. [PMID: 38283153 PMCID: PMC10820356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study was conducted to examine an innovative method for synthesizing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from an aqueous sweet granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss) P. ligularis. Furthermore, the synthesized AuNPs were used to explore their potential neuroprotective impact against propionic acid (PPA)-induced autism. A sweet granadilla extract was used to achieve the synthesis of AuNPs. The structural and dimensional dispersion of AuNPs were confirmed by different techniques, including UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Pattern, Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Zeta potential, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. The AuNPs mediated by P. ligularis adopt a spherical shape morphology and the particle size was distributed in the range of 8.43-13 nm without aggregation. Moreover, in vivo, the anti-autistic effects of AuNPs administration were higher than those of P. ligularis extract per second. In addition, the reduced anxiety and neurobehavioral deficits of AuNPs were observed in autistic rats which halted the brain oxidative stress, reduced inflammatory cytokines, ameliorated neurotransmitters, and neurochemical release, and suppressed apoptotic genes (p < 0.05). The alleviated antiapoptotic gene expression and histopathological analysis confirmed that the treatment of AuNPs showed significant neural pathways that aid in reducing tissue damage and necrosis. The results emphasize that the biomedical activity was increased by using the green source synthesis P. ligularis -AuNPs. Additionally, the formulation of AuNPs demonstrates strong neuroprotective effects against PPA-induced autism that were arbitrated by a range of different mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuromodulator, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa S. Al-Radadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, P.O. Box 30002, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 14177, Saudi Arabia
| | - Widad M. Al-Bishri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neveen A. Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A. ElShebiney
- Department of Narcotics, Ergogenic Aids and Poisons, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Muazzen Z, Moghrabi W, Bakheet T, Mahmoud L, Al-Saif M, Khabar KSA, Hitti EG. Global analysis of the abundance of AU-rich mRNAs in response to glucocorticoid treatment. Sci Rep 2024; 14:913. [PMID: 38195703 PMCID: PMC10776588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) like dexamethasone (Dex) are potent anti-inflammatory agents with diverse cellular functions including the potentiation of the activity of AU-rich elements (AREs). AREs are cis-acting instability sequence elements located in the 3'UTRs of many inflammatory mediator mRNAs. Here, available RNA-seq data were used to investigate the effect of GCs on the ARE-mRNA-transcriptome. At a global scale, ARE-mRNAs had a tendency to be downregulated after GC-treatment of the A549 lung cancer cell-line, but with notable cases of upregulation. mRNA stability experiments indicated that not only the downregulated, but also the upregulated ARE-mRNAs are destabilized by Dex-treatment. Several of the most upregulated ARE-mRNAs code for anti-inflammatory mediators including the established GC targets DUSP1 and ZFP36; both code for proteins that target ARE-containing mRNAs for destruction. GCs are widely used in the treatment of COVID-19 patients; we show that ARE-mRNAs are more likely to regulate in opposite directions between Dex-treatment and SARS-CoV-2 infections compared to non-ARE mRNAs. The effect of GC treatment on ARE-mRNA abundance was also investigated in blood monocytes of COVID-19 patients. The results were heterogeneous; however, in agreement with in vitro observations, ZFP36 and DUSP1 were often amongst the most differentially expressed mRNAs. The results of this study propose a universal destabilization of ARE-mRNAs by GCs, but a diverse overall outcome in vitro likely due to induced transcription or due to the heterogeneity of COVID-19 patient's responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyad Muazzen
- Molecular BioMedicine Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Moghrabi
- Molecular BioMedicine Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tala Bakheet
- Molecular BioMedicine Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Linah Mahmoud
- Molecular BioMedicine Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher Al-Saif
- Molecular BioMedicine Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S A Khabar
- Molecular BioMedicine Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward G Hitti
- Molecular BioMedicine Department, Research and Innovation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, 11211, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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O’Neil JD, Bolimowska OO, Clayton SA, Tang T, Daley KK, Lara-Reyna S, Warner J, Martin CS, Mahida RY, Hardy RS, Arthur JSC, Clark AR. Dexamethasone impairs the expression of antimicrobial mediators in lipopolysaccharide-activated primary macrophages by inhibiting both expression and function of interferon β. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190261. [PMID: 37942320 PMCID: PMC10628473 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids potently inhibit expression of many inflammatory mediators, and have been widely used to treat both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases for more than seventy years. However, they can have several unwanted effects, amongst which immunosuppression is one of the most common. Here we used microarrays and proteomic approaches to characterise the effect of dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) on the responses of primary mouse macrophages to a potent pro-inflammatory agonist, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Gene ontology analysis revealed that dexamethasone strongly impaired the lipopolysaccharide-induced antimicrobial response, which is thought to be driven by an autocrine feedback loop involving the type I interferon IFNβ. Indeed, dexamethasone strongly and dose-dependently inhibited the expression of IFNβ by LPS-activated macrophages. Unbiased proteomic data also revealed an inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the IFNβ-dependent program of gene expression, with strong down-regulation of several interferon-induced antimicrobial factors. Surprisingly, dexamethasone also inhibited the expression of several antimicrobial genes in response to direct stimulation of macrophages with IFNβ. We tested a number of hypotheses based on previous publications, but found that no single mechanism could account for more than a small fraction of the broad suppressive impact of dexamethasone on macrophage type I interferon signaling, underlining the complexity of this pathway. Preliminary experiments indicated that dexamethasone exerted similar inhibitory effects on primary human monocyte-derived or alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. O’Neil
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Oliwia O. Bolimowska
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A. Clayton
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Tang
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kalbinder K. Daley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel Lara-Reyna
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jordan Warner
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Claire S. Martin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rahul Y. Mahida
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rowan S. Hardy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew R. Clark
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Yu T, Tang Y, Zhang F, Zhang L. Roles of ginsenosides in sepsis. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:1-8. [PMID: 36644389 PMCID: PMC9834008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The herbal medication Panax ginseng Meyer has widespread use in China, Korea, and other parts of the world. The main constituents of ginseng are ginsenosides, which include over 30 different triterpene saponins. It has been found that ginsenosides and their metabolites including Rg1, compound K, Rb1, Re, Rg3, and Rg5 exert anti-inflammatory activities by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, modulating inflammation-related signaling, including NF-κB and MAPK signaling, and reducing levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Here, we review the recent literature on the molecular actions of ginsenosides in sepsis, suggesting ways in which they may be used to prevent and treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yidi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Fenglan Zhang
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China.
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Sen S, Singh B, Biswas G. Corticosteroids: A boon or bane for COVID-19 patients? Steroids 2022; 188:109102. [PMID: 36029810 PMCID: PMC9400384 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Several drugs and antibodies have been repurposed to treat COVID-19. Since the outcome of the drugs and antibodies clinical studies have been mostly inconclusive or with lesser effects, therefore the need for alternative treatments has become unavoidable. However, corticosteroids, which have a history of therapeutic efficacy against coronaviruses (SARS and MERS), might emerge into one of the pandemic's heroic characters. Corticosteroids serve an immunomodulatory function in the post-viral hyper-inflammatory condition (the cytokine storm, or release syndrome), suppressing the excessive immunological response and preventing multi-organ failure and death. Therefore, corticosteroids have been used to treat COVID-19 patients for more than last two years. According to recent clinical trials and the results of observational studies, corticosteroids can be administered to patients with severe and critical COVID-19 symptoms with a favorable risk-benefit ratio. Corticosteroids like Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, Prednisolone and Methylprednisolone has been reported to be effective against SARS-CoV-2 virus in comparison to that of non-steroid drugs, by using non-genomic and genomic effects to prevent and reduce inflammation in tissues and the circulation. Clinical trials also show that inhaled budesonide (a synthetic corticosteroid) increases time to recovery and has the potential to reduce hospitalizations or fatalities in persons with COVID-19. There is also a brief overview of the industrial preparation of common glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Panchanan Nagar, Cooch Behar 736101, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhagat Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402, USA
| | - Goutam Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Panchanan Nagar, Cooch Behar 736101, West Bengal, India.
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Xie X, Gao R, Chen H, Zhang X, Cai X, Zhang C, Liu C, Zhu T, Chen C. Effects of Glucocorticoids on Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:939848. [PMID: 35847684 PMCID: PMC9284274 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.939848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) is common among surgical patients, however, the effect of glucocorticoids for preventing PNDs is not clear. This review aims to evaluate the effect of glucocorticoids on the incidence of PNDs in adult patients undergoing surgery. Methods The databases of PubMed/Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of science were searched for all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception to April 30, 2022. RCTs comparing the effect of glucocorticoids with placebo on the incidence of PNDs in adult surgical patients (≥18 years old) were eligible. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were performed to evaluate sources of clinical heterogeneity. The level of certainty for main outcomes were assessed by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Results Eleven trials with a total of 10,703 patients were identified. Compared with the control group, glucocorticoids did not reduce the incidence of PNDs (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.67 to 1.06, P = 0.13, GRADE = moderate). Secondary analyses for primary outcome did not change the result. In addition, the length of ICU stay was decreased in glucocorticoids group (RR: −13.58, 95% CI: −26.37 to −0.80, P = 0.04, GRADE = low). However, there were no significant differences between groups with regards to the incidence of postoperative infection (RR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.06, P = 0.30, GRADE = moderate), blood glucose level (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: −0.09 to 2.19, P = 0.07, GRADE = low), duration of mechanical ventilation (RR: −2.44, 95% CI: −5.47 to 0.59, P = 0.14, GRADE = low), length of hospital stay (RR: −0.09, 95% CI: −0.27 to 0.09, P = 0.33, GRADE = moderate) and 30-day mortality (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.70 to 1.06, P = 0.16, GRADE = moderate). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that perioperative administration of glucocorticoids may not reduce the incidence of PNDs after surgery. The effect of glucocorticoids on decreased length of ICU stay needs further researches. Future high-quality trials using acknowledged criteria and validated diagnostic tools are needed to determine the influence of glucocorticoids on long-term PNDs. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022302262, identifier: CRD42022302262.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Medical School/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingwei Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changteng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Changliang Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhu
| | - Chan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and the Research Units of West China (2018RU012), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Chan Chen
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9
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Wang J, Zhou J, Wang C, Fukunaga A, Li S, Yodoi J, Tian H. Thioredoxin-1: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883116. [PMID: 35572600 PMCID: PMC9095844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an important regulator of cellular redox homeostasis that comprises a redox-active dithiol. Trx1 is induced in response to various stress conditions, such as oxidative damage, infection or inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, irradiation, and chemical exposure. It has shown excellent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of various human inflammatory disorders in animal models. This review focused on the protective roles and mechanisms of Trx1 in allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, contact dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and drug allergies. Trx1 plays an important role in allergic diseases through processes, such as antioxidation, inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), regulating Th1/Th2 immune balance, modulating allergic inflammatory cells, and suppressing complement activation. The regulatory mechanism of Trx1 differs from that of glucocorticoids that regulates the inflammatory reactions associated with immune response suppression. Furthermore, Trx1 exerts a beneficial effect on glucocorticoid resistance of allergic inflammation by inhibiting the production and internalization of MIF. Our results suggest that Trx1 has the potential for future success in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Cuixue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.,Department of Research and Development, Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
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10
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Barley TJ, Murphy PR, Wang X, Bowman BA, Mormol JM, Mager CE, Kirk SG, Cash CJ, Linn SC, Meng X, Nelin LD, Chen B, Hafner M, Zhang J, Liu Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 controls PD-L1 expression by regulating type I interferon during systemic Escherichia coli infection. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101938. [PMID: 35429501 PMCID: PMC9108994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (Mkp-1) KO mice produce elevated cytokines and exhibit increased mortality and bacterial burden following systemic Escherichia coli infection. To understand how Mkp-1 affects immune defense, we analyzed the RNA-Seq datasets previously generated from control and E. coli-infected Mkp-1+/+ and Mkp-1-/- mice. We found that E. coli infection markedly induced programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and that Mkp-1 deficiency further amplified PD-L1 expression. Administration of a PD-L1-neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) to Mkp-1-/- mice increased the mortality of the animals following E. coli infection, although bacterial burden was decreased. In addition, the PD-L1-neutralizing mAb increased serum interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor alpha, as well as lung- and liver-inducible nitric oxide synthase levels, suggesting an enhanced inflammatory response. Interestingly, neutralization of IFN-α/β receptor 1 blocked PD-L1 induction in Mkp-1-/- mice following E. coli infection. PD-L1 was potently induced in macrophages by E. coli and lipopolysaccharide in vitro, and Mkp-1 deficiency exacerbated PD-L1 induction with little effect on the half-life of PD-L1 mRNA. In contrast, inhibitors of Janus kinase 1/2 and tyrosine kinase 2, as well as the IFN-α/β receptor 1-neutralizing mAb, markedly attenuated PD-L1 induction. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of type I IFNs in E. coli-infected Mkp-1-/- mice is, at least in part, mediated by Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription-driven PD-L1 induction. Our studies also support the notion that enhanced PD-L1 expression contributes to the bactericidal defect of Mkp-1-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Barley
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Parker R Murphy
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiantao Wang
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bridget A Bowman
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin M Mormol
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Carli E Mager
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sean G Kirk
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Charles J Cash
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah C Linn
- Combined Anatomic Pathology Residency/Graduate Program, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Kidney and Urinary Tract Center, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaomei Meng
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Leif D Nelin
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Bernadette Chen
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Markus Hafner
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
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11
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Sevilla LM, Jiménez-Panizo A, Alegre-Martí A, Estébanez-Perpiñá E, Caelles C, Pérez P. Glucocorticoid Resistance: Interference between the Glucocorticoid Receptor and the MAPK Signalling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10049. [PMID: 34576214 PMCID: PMC8465023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) are steroid hormones that signal in virtually all cell types to modulate tissue homeostasis throughout life. Also, synthetic GC derivatives (pharmacological GCs) constitute the first-line treatment in many chronic inflammatory conditions with unquestionable therapeutic benefits despite the associated adverse effects. GC actions are principally mediated through the GC receptor (GR), a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Despite the ubiquitous expression of GR, imbalances in GC signalling affect tissues differently, and with variable degrees of severity through mechanisms that are not completely deciphered. Congenital or acquired GC hypersensitivity or resistance syndromes can impact responsiveness to endogenous or pharmacological GCs, causing disease or inadequate therapeutic outcomes, respectively. Acquired GC resistance is defined as loss of efficacy or desensitization over time, and arises as a consequence of chronic inflammation, affecting around 30% of GC-treated patients. It represents an important limitation in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer, and can be due to impairment of multiple mechanisms along the GC signalling pathway. Among them, activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and/or alterations in expression of their regulators, the dual-specific phosphatases (DUSPs), have been identified as common mechanisms of GC resistance. While many of the anti-inflammatory actions of GCs rely on GR-mediated inhibition of MAPKs and/or induction of DUSPs, the GC anti-inflammatory capacity is decreased or lost in conditions of excessive MAPK activation, contributing to disease susceptibility in tissue- and disease- specific manners. Here, we discuss potential strategies to modulate GC responsiveness, with the dual goal of overcoming GC resistance and minimizing the onset and severity of unwanted adverse effects while maintaining therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Sevilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alba Jiménez-Panizo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Andrea Alegre-Martí
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Eva Estébanez-Perpiñá
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.J.-P.); (A.A.-M.); (E.E.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carme Caelles
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Pérez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV)-CSIC, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
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12
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Reid S, Scholey JW. Recent Approaches to Targeting Canonical NF κB Signaling in the Early Inflammatory Response to Renal IRI. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2117-2124. [PMID: 34108233 PMCID: PMC8729839 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is the most common cause of in-hospital AKI and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. IRI is associated with an early phase of inflammation primarily regulated by the canonical NFκB signaling pathway. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of IRI, few therapeutic strategies have emerged. The purpose of this manuscript is to review interventions targeting NFκB after IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby Reid
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James W. Scholey
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Annane D. Corticosteroids for COVID-19. JOURNAL OF INTENSIVE MEDICINE 2021; 1:14-25. [PMID: 36943816 PMCID: PMC7919540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is placing a major burden on healthcare, economy and social systems worldwide owing to its fast spread and unacceptably high death toll. The unprecedented research effort has established the role of a deregulated immune response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, resulting in systemic inflammation. After that, the immunomodulatory approach has been placed in the top list of the research agenda for COVID-19. Corticosteroids have been used for more than 70 years to modulate the immune response in a broad variety of diseases. These drugs have been shown to prevent and attenuate inflammation both in tissues and in circulation via non-genomic and genomic effects. At the bedside, numerous observational cohorts have been published in the past months and have been inconclusive. Randomized controlled trials with subsequent high quality meta-analyses have provided moderate to strong certainty for an increased chance of survival and relief from life supportive therapy with corticosteroids given at a dose of 6 mg per day dexamethasone or equivalent doses of hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone. The corticotherapy was not associated with an increased risk of bacterial infection or of delayed viral clearance. In daily practice, physicians may be encouraged to use corticosteroids when managing patients with COVID-19 requiring oxygen supplementation.
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14
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Repression of transcription by the glucocorticoid receptor: A parsimonious model for the genomics era. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100687. [PMID: 33891947 PMCID: PMC8141881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that are used to treat an extraordinary range of human disease, including COVID-19, underscoring the ongoing importance of understanding their molecular mechanisms. Early studies of GR signaling led to broad acceptance of models in which glucocorticoid receptor (GR) monomers tether repressively to inflammatory transcription factors, thus abrogating inflammatory gene expression. However, newer data challenge this core concept and present an exciting opportunity to reframe our understanding of GR signaling. Here, we present an alternate, two-part model for transcriptional repression by glucocorticoids. First, widespread GR-mediated induction of transcription results in rapid, primary repression of inflammatory gene transcription and associated enhancers through competition-based mechanisms. Second, a subset of GR-induced genes, including targets that are regulated in coordination with inflammatory transcription factors such as NF-κB, exerts secondary repressive effects on inflammatory gene expression. Within this framework, emerging data indicate that the gene set regulated through the cooperative convergence of GR and NF-κB signaling is central to the broad clinical effectiveness of glucocorticoids in terminating inflammation and promoting tissue repair.
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15
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Glucocorticoid receptor dimerization in the cytoplasm might be essential for nuclear localization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 553:154-159. [PMID: 33773137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) plays an important role in steroid-dependent regulation of metabolism, development, and the immune response in humans. Although GR is known to be activated by the binding of glucocorticoid, the mechanism of action is poorly understood. We investigated dimerization of GR in the cytoplasm and nuclear trans-localization in response to treatment with the ligand dexamethasone. GFP-tagged GR and FLAG-tagged GR were co-expressed in COS-1 cells, and cell lysates were subjected to co-immunoprecipitation assay with anti-GFP antibody to determine their dimerization. FLAG-GR was co-precipitated with GFP-GR in the cytoplasmic fraction of COS-1 cells. Treatment with the GR agonist dexamethasone significantly decreased the cytoplasmic interaction between FLAG- and GFP-GR, and significantly increased interaction of the GRs in the nuclear fraction. The two amino acids, Pro625 and Ile628 known to be located in GR-GR dimer interface, were mutated to alanine and the influence of the mutation on dimerization, ligand-dependent nuclear localization, and transcriptional activities were determined. Mutant GR showed a dramatic decrease in interaction in the cytoplasmic fraction and no detectable nuclear translocation in the presence or absence of dexamethasone. Furthermore, luciferase assays showed that mutant GR showed no detectable transcriptional activation via the GR-responsive DNA element (GRE) compared to the wild-type. Our results suggest that GR exists as a dimer in the cytoplasm and this dimerization may be essential for GRE-mediated transcriptional activation following ligand binding.
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16
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Wang C, Zhou J, Wang J, Li S, Fukunaga A, Yodoi J, Tian H. Progress in the mechanism and targeted drug therapy for COPD. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:248. [PMID: 33110061 PMCID: PMC7588592 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00345-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD has increased over the last decade and the drugs most commonly used to treat it, such as glucocorticoids and bronchodilators, have significant therapeutic effects; however, they also cause side effects, including infection and immunosuppression. Here we reviewed the pathogenesis and progression of COPD and elaborated on the effects and mechanisms of newly developed molecular targeted COPD therapeutic drugs. Among these new drugs, we focussed on thioredoxin (Trx). Trx effectively prevents the progression of COPD by regulating redox status and protease/anti-protease balance, blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, suppressing the activation and migration of inflammatory cells and the production of cytokines, inhibiting the synthesis and the activation of adhesion factors and growth factors, and controlling the cAMP-PKA and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. The mechanism by which Trx affects COPD is different from glucocorticoid-based mechanisms which regulate the inflammatory reaction in association with suppressing immune responses. In addition, Trx also improves the insensitivity of COPD to steroids by inhibiting the production and internalisation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Taken together, these findings suggest that Trx may be the ideal drug for treating COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
- Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co, Ltd, Shaoxing, 312000, China.
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17
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Gümüş S, Yarıktaş M, Nazıroğlu M, Cihangir Uğuz A, Aynali G, Başpınar Ş. Effect of corticosteroid (triamcinolone acetonide) and chlorhexidin on chemotherapy- induced oxidative stress in buccal mucosa of rats. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2020:145561319894405. [PMID: 32921183 DOI: 10.1177/0145561319894405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis (OM) refers to erythematous and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. This pathology can occur by various causes. Cancer therapy is one of the well-known causes of OM such as chemotherapy and/or with radiation therapy. It has been widely mentioned that oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxidation (LP) levels increase during cancer process. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the major intracellular enzymes to detoxify oxidant molecules. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA), a synthetic steroid chlorhexidine (CHX), a chemical antiseptic, on 5- fluorouracil (5-FU), a chemotherapeutic agent and soft abrasion induced OM in buccal mucosa of rats.OM was induced in rats through a combination of 5-FU treatment and mild abrasion of the cheek pouch with a wire brush. Buccal mucosa lipid peroxidation (LP) levels were higher (p< 0.05) in 5-FU group than in control although LP levels were lower (p<0.05) in TA group than in control group. The reduced glutathione levels were lower (p<0.05) in 5-FU group than in the control group although its level was higher (p<0.05) in TA and CHX groups than in the 5-FU group. Glutathione peroxidase activity was also higher (p<0.05) in TA group than the 5- FU group. In histopathological analyses, treatment with TA reduced 5-FU induced inflammatory cell infiltration and ulceration (p<0.001) but not with CHX.In conclusion, we observed that TA and CHX treatment modulated chemotherapy induced oxidative injury in the rat OM. However, only TA histopathologically ameliorated the 5-FU induced OM of rats. These findings suggest that TA is a useful agent for management of experimental oxidative injury and OM caused by the chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Gümüş
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Murat Yarıktaş
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Nazıroğlu
- Neuroscience Research Center, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Abdülhadi Cihangir Uğuz
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Giray Aynali
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Şirin Başpınar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, 52994Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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18
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New insights into the cell- and tissue-specificity of glucocorticoid actions. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 18:269-278. [PMID: 32868909 PMCID: PMC7456664 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are endogenous hormones that are crucial for the homeostasis of the organism and adaptation to the external environment. Because of their anti-inflammatory effects, synthetic GCs are also extensively used in clinical practice. However, almost all cells in the body are sensitive to GC regulation. As a result, these mediators have pleiotropic effects, which may be undesirable or detrimental to human health. Here, we summarize the recent findings that contribute to deciphering the molecular mechanisms downstream of glucocorticoid receptor activation. We also discuss the complex role of GCs in infectious diseases such as sepsis and COVID-19, in which the balance between pathogen elimination and protection against excessive inflammation and immunopathology needs to be tightly regulated. An understanding of the cell type- and context-specific actions of GCs from the molecular to the organismal level would help to optimize their therapeutic use.
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19
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Amrani Y, Panettieri RA, Ramos-Ramirez P, Schaafsma D, Kaczmarek K, Tliba O. Important lessons learned from studies on the pharmacology of glucocorticoids in human airway smooth muscle cells: Too much of a good thing may be a problem. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 213:107589. [PMID: 32473159 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the treatment of choice for chronic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Despite proven effective anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, long-term and/or systemic use of GCs can potentially induce adverse effects. Strikingly, some recent experimental evidence suggests that GCs may even exacerbate some disease outcomes. In asthma, airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells are among the targets of GC therapy and have emerged as key contributors not only to bronchoconstriction, but also to airway inflammation and remodeling, as implied by experimental and clinical evidence. We here will review the beneficial effects of GCs on ASM cells, emphasizing the differential nature of GC effects on pro-inflammatory genes and on other features associated with asthma pathogenesis. We will also summarize evidence describing how GCs can potentially promote pro-inflammatory and remodeling features in asthma with a specific focus on ASM cells. Finally, some of the possible solutions to overcome these unanticipated effects of GCs will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Amrani
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institute for Lung Health, Leicester Biomedical Research Center Respiratory, Leicester, UK
| | - Reynold A Panettieri
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Patricia Ramos-Ramirez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | | | - Klaudia Kaczmarek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA
| | - Omar Tliba
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers Institute for Translational Medicine and Science, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Long Island University, Brookville, NY, USA.
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20
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Moon H, White AC, Borowsky AD. New insights into the functions of Cox-2 in skin and esophageal malignancies. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:538-547. [PMID: 32235869 PMCID: PMC7210257 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of tumor initiation and progression for each cancer type is central to making improvements in both prevention and therapy. Identifying the cancer cells of origin and the necessary and sufficient mechanisms of transformation and progression provide opportunities for improved specific clinical interventions. In the last few decades, advanced genetic manipulation techniques have facilitated rapid progress in defining the etiologies of cancers and their cells of origin. Recent studies driven by various groups have provided experimental evidence indicating the cellular origins for each type of skin and esophageal cancer and have identified underlying mechanisms that stem/progenitor cells use to initiate tumor development. Specifically, cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is associated with tumor initiation and progression in many cancer types. Recent studies provide data demonstrating the roles of Cox-2 in skin and esophageal malignancies, especially in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) occurring in both sites. Here, we review experimental evidence aiming to define the origins of skin and esophageal cancers and discuss how Cox-2 contributes to tumorigenesis and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongsun Moon
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Andrew C White
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Alexander D Borowsky
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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21
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Kirk SG, Samavati L, Liu Y. MAP kinase phosphatase-1, a gatekeeper of the acute innate immune response. Life Sci 2020; 241:117157. [PMID: 31837332 PMCID: PMC7480273 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)§ cascades are crucial signaling pathways in the regulation of the host immune response to infection. MAPK phosphatase (MKP)-1, an archetypal member of the MKP family, plays a pivotal role in the down-regulation of p38 and JNK. Studies using cultured macrophages have demonstrated a pivotal role of MKP-1 in the restraint of the biosynthesis of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as chemokines. Using MKP-1 knockout mice, several groups have not only confirmed the critical importance of MKP-1 in the regulation of the cytokine synthesis in vivo during the acute host response to bacterial infections, but also revealed novel functions of MKP-1 in maintaining bactericidal functions and host metabolic activities. RNA-seq analyses on livers of septic mice infected with E. coli have revealed that MKP-1 deficiency caused substantial perturbation in the expression of over 5000 genes, an impressive >20% of the entire murine genome. Among the genes whose expression are dramatically affected by MKP-1 deficiency are those encoding metabolic regulators and acute phase response proteins. These studies demonstrate that MKP-1 is an essential gate-keeper of the acute innate immune response, facilitating pathogen killing and regulating the metabolic response during pathogenic infection. In this review article, we will summarize the studies on the function of MKP-1 during acute innate immune response in the regulation of inflammation, metabolism, and acute phase response. We will also discuss the role of MKP-1 in the actions of numerous immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean G. Kirk
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA
| | - Lobelia Samavati
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Yusen Liu
- Center for Perinatal Research, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA,Corresponding author at: Center for Perinatal Research The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 575 Children’s Cross Road, Columbus, OH 43215, USA. (Y. Liu)
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22
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Längericht J, Krämer I, Kahaly GJ. Glucocorticoids in Graves' orbitopathy: mechanisms of action and clinical application. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820958335. [PMID: 33403097 PMCID: PMC7745544 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820958335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the most frequent extrathyroidal manifestation of the autoimmune Graves' disease. GO significantly impacts quality of life and has a psycho-social morbidity. Inflammation and swelling of the orbital tissue often leads to proptosis, diplopia, and decrease of visual acuity. Due to the inflammatory background of the disease, glucocorticoids (GC) have been used as a first-line treatment for decades. METHODS PubMed and MeSH database were searched for original articles, clinical trials, reviews, and meta-analyses published between 1 January 2000 and 31 March 2020 and pertaining to both the mechanism of action and immunological effects of GC as well as to the treatment of GO by GC. The publications were evaluated according to their setting and study design. RESULTS GC act through genomic (trans-activation and trans-repression) and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. GC in general, and the intravenous (IV) administration of GC in particular, markedly decrease the activity and number of the most potent antigen-presenting dendritic cells. According to the internationally acknowledged European Thyroid Association Guidelines for the management of GO, weekly IVGC application over 12 weeks is recommended as first-line treatment for patients with active and severe GO. The daily and cumulative dose should be tailored according to clinical severity, for example, 4.5 g of IV methylprednisolone for the inflammatory component versus 7.5 g in the presence of diplopia and severe proptosis. Fast and significant improvements in orbital symptoms and signs are noted in 65-70% of patients. Long-term experience over decades, and worldwide availability at low cost, underline the clinical and therapeutic relevance of GC. Adverse events are rarely severe, dose-dependent, and usually reversible, hence easy to handle by medical investigators. Oral GC application on a daily basis is characterized by high bioavailability but reduced efficacy and increased toxicity. CONCLUSION IVGC still represents the standard of care in active/severe GO. Innovative biologicals, like monoclonal antibodies targeting the thyrotropin/Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors or pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Interleukin-6) should be compared with standard GC treatment with respect to short- and long-term efficacy, safety, costs, and global availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Längericht
- Department of Medicine I., Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Irene Krämer
- Department of Pharmacy, Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
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Chen LL, Zmuda EJ, Talavera MM, Frick J, Brock G, Liu Y, Klebanoff MA, Trittmann JK. Dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) genetic variants predict pulmonary hypertension in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:81-87. [PMID: 31330530 PMCID: PMC6962530 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) results from vasoconstriction and/or vascular remodeling, which can be regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). MAPKs are deactivated by dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs). We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DUSP genes could be used to predict PH in BPD. METHODS Preterm infants diagnosed with BPD (n = 188) were studied. PH was defined by echocardiographic criteria. Genomic DNA isolated from patient blood samples was analyzed for 31 SNPs in DUSP genes. Clinical characteristics and minor allele frequencies were compared between BPD-PH (cases) and BPD-without PH (control) groups. Biomarker models to predict PH in BPD using clinical and SNP data were tested by calculations of area under the ROC curve. RESULTS In our BPD cohort, 32% (n = 61) had PH. Of the DUSP SNPs evaluated, DUSP1 SNP rs322351 was less common, and DUSP5 SNPs rs1042606 and rs3793892 were more common in cases than in controls. The best fit biomarker model combines clinical and DUSP genetic data with an area under the ROC curve of 0.76. CONCLUSION We identified three DUSP SNPs as potential BPD-PH biomarkers. Combining clinical and DUSP genetic data yields the most robust predictor for PH in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Erik J Zmuda
- Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Maria M Talavera
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica Frick
- Institute for Genomic Medicine at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Guy Brock
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yusen Liu
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Mark A Klebanoff
- Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jennifer K Trittmann
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Pulmonary Hypertension Group, Center for Perinatal Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
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24
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Escoter-Torres L, Caratti G, Mechtidou A, Tuckermann J, Uhlenhaut NH, Vettorazzi S. Fighting the Fire: Mechanisms of Inflammatory Gene Regulation by the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1859. [PMID: 31440248 PMCID: PMC6693390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For many decades, glucocorticoids have been widely used as the gold standard treatment for inflammatory conditions. Unfortunately, their clinical use is limited by severe adverse effects such as insulin resistance, cardiometabolic diseases, muscle and skin atrophies, osteoporosis, and depression. Glucocorticoids exert their effects by binding to the Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR), a ligand-activated transcription factor which both positively, and negatively regulates gene expression. Extensive research during the past several years has uncovered novel mechanisms by which the GR activates and represses its target genes. Genome-wide studies and mouse models have provided valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory gene regulation by GR. This review focusses on newly identified target genes and GR co-regulators that are important for its anti-inflammatory effects in innate immune cells, as well as mutations within the GR itself that shed light on its transcriptional activity. This research progress will hopefully serve as the basis for the development of safer immune suppressants with reduced side effect profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Escoter-Torres
- Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Munich, Germany
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Department of Biology, Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Aikaterini Mechtidou
- Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Department of Biology, Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Henriette Uhlenhaut
- Molecular Endocrinology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC, Munich, Germany.,Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Department of Biology, Institute for Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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25
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Pfänder P, Fidan M, Burret U, Lipinski L, Vettorazzi S. Cdk5 Deletion Enhances the Anti-inflammatory Potential of GC-Mediated GR Activation During Inflammation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1554. [PMID: 31354714 PMCID: PMC6635475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The suppression of activated pro-inflammatory macrophages during immune response has a major impact on the outcome of many inflammatory diseases including sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis. The pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of macrophages have been widely studied, whereas their regulation under immunosuppressive treatments such as glucocorticoid (GC) therapy is less well-understood. GC-mediated glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation is crucial to mediate anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, the anti-cancer drug roscovitine, that is currently being tested in clinical trials, was recently described to regulate inflammatory processes by inhibiting different Cdks such as cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5). Cdk5 was identified as a modulator of inflammatory processes in different immune cells and furthermore described to influence GR gene expression in the brain. Whether roscovitine can enhance the immunosuppressive effects of GCs and if the inhibition of Cdk5 affects GR gene regulatory function in innate immune cells, such as macrophages, has not yet been investigated. Here, we report that roscovitine enhances the immunosuppressive Dexamethasone (Dex) effect on the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNos) expression, which is essential for immune regulation. Cdk5 deletion in macrophages prevented iNos protein and nitric oxide (NO) generation after a combinatory treatment with inflammatory stimuli and Dex. Cdk5 deletion in macrophages attenuated the GR phosphorylation on serine 211 after Dex treatment alone and in combination with inflammatory stimuli, but interestingly increased the GR-dependent anti-inflammatory target gene dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (Dusp1, Mkp1). Mkp1 phosphatase activity decreases the activation of its direct target p38Mapk, reduced iNos expression and NO production upon inflammatory stimuli and Dex treatment in the absence of Cdk5. Taken together, we identified Cdk5 as a potential novel regulator of NO generation in inflammatory macrophages under GC treatment. Our data suggest that GC treatment in combination with specific Cdk5 inhibtior(s) provides a stronger suppression of inflammation and could thus replace high-dose GC therapy which has severe side effects in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Pfänder
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miray Fidan
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ute Burret
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lena Lipinski
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sabine Vettorazzi
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology (CME), University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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26
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Lang R, Raffi FAM. Dual-Specificity Phosphatases in Immunity and Infection: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112710. [PMID: 31159473 PMCID: PMC6600418 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase activation and phosphorylation cascades are key to initiate immune cell activation in response to recognition of antigen and sensing of microbial danger. However, for balanced and controlled immune responses, the intensity and duration of phospho-signaling has to be regulated. The dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) gene family has many members that are differentially expressed in resting and activated immune cells. Here, we review the progress made in the field of DUSP gene function in regulation of the immune system during the last decade. Studies in knockout mice have confirmed the essential functions of several DUSP-MAPK phosphatases (DUSP-MKP) in controlling inflammatory and anti-microbial immune responses and support the concept that individual DUSP-MKP shape and determine the outcome of innate immune responses due to context-dependent expression and selective inhibition of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). In addition to the canonical DUSP-MKP, several small-size atypical DUSP proteins regulate immune cells and are therefore also reviewed here. Unexpected and complex findings in DUSP knockout mice pose new questions regarding cell type-specific and redundant functions. Another emerging question concerns the interaction of DUSP-MKP with non-MAPK binding partners and substrate proteins. Finally, the pharmacological targeting of DUSPs is desirable to modulate immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Lang
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Faizal A M Raffi
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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27
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Hu CP, Xun QF, Li XZ, Hu XY, Qin L, He RX, Feng JT. Effects of Glucocorticoid-Induced Transcript 1 Gene Deficiency on Glucocorticoid Activation in Asthmatic Mice. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 131:2817-2826. [PMID: 30511684 PMCID: PMC6278198 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.246061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Glucocorticoid (GC) is the first-line therapy for asthma, but some asthmatics are insensitive to it. Glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 gene (GLCCI1) is reported to be associated with GCs efficiency in asthmatics, while its exact mechanism remains unknown. Methods: A total of 30 asthmatic patients received fluticasone propionate for 12 weeks. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and GLCCI1 expression were detected. Asthma model was constructed in wild-type and GLCCI1 knockout (GLCCI1-/-) mice. Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) expression were detected by polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting (WB). The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was also detected by WB. Results: In asthmatic patients, the change of FEV1 was well positively correlated with change of GLCCI1 expression (r = 0.430, P = 0.022). In animal experiment, GR and MKP-1 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in asthmatic mice than in control mice (wild-type: GR: 0.769 vs. 1.000, P = 0.022; MKP-1: 0.493 vs. 1.000, P < 0.001. GLCCI1-/-: GR: 0.629 vs. 1.645, P < 0.001; MKP-1: 0.377 vs. 2.146, P < 0.001). Hydroprednisone treatment significantly increased GR and MKP-1 mRNA expression levels than in asthmatic groups; however, GLCCI1-/- asthmatic mice had less improvement (wild-type: GR: 1.517 vs. 0.769, P = 0.023; MKP-1: 1.036 vs. 0.493, P = 0.003. GLCCI1-/-: GR: 0.846 vs. 0.629, P = 0.116; MKP-1: 0.475 vs. 0.377, P = 0.388). GLCCI1-/- asthmatic mice had more obvious phosphorylation of p38 MAPK than wild-type asthmatic mice (9.060 vs. 3.484, P < 0.001). It was still higher even though after hydroprednisone treatment (6.440 vs. 2.630, P < 0.001). Conclusions: GLCCI1 deficiency in asthmatic mice inhibits the activation of GR and MKP-1 and leads to more obvious phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, leading to a decremental sensitivity to GCs. Trial Registration: ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR-RCC-13003634; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=5926.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ping Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Qiu-Fen Xun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Zhao Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Ruo-Xi He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Jun-Tao Feng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Cite of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
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28
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Mostafa MM, Rider CF, Shah S, Traves SL, Gordon PMK, Miller-Larsson A, Leigh R, Newton R. Glucocorticoid-driven transcriptomes in human airway epithelial cells: commonalities, differences and functional insight from cell lines and primary cells. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:29. [PMID: 30704470 PMCID: PMC6357449 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glucocorticoids act on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1) to resolve inflammation and, as inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), are the cornerstone of treatment for asthma. However, reduced efficacy in severe disease or exacerbations indicates a need to improve ICS actions. Methods Glucocorticoid-driven transcriptomes were compared using PrimeView microarrays between primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and the model cell lines, pulmonary type II A549 and bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells. Results In BEAS-2B cells, budesonide induced (≥2-fold, P ≤ 0.05) or, in a more delayed fashion, repressed (≤0.5-fold, P ≤ 0.05) the expression of 63, 133, 240, and 257 or 15, 56, 236, and 344 mRNAs at 1, 2, 6, and 18 h, respectively. Within the early-induced mRNAs were multiple transcriptional activators and repressors, thereby providing mechanisms for the subsequent modulation of gene expression. Using the above criteria, 17 (BCL6, BIRC3, CEBPD, ERRFI1, FBXL16, FKBP5, GADD45B, IRS2, KLF9, PDK4, PER1, RGCC, RGS2, SEC14L2, SLC16A12, TFCP2L1, TSC22D3) induced and 8 (ARL4C, FLRT2, IER3, IL11, PLAUR, SEMA3A, SLC4A7, SOX9) repressed mRNAs were common between A549, BEAS-2B and HBE cells at 6 h. As absolute gene expression change showed greater commonality, lowering the cut-off (≥1.25 or ≤ 0.8-fold) within these groups produced 93 induced and 82 repressed genes in common. Since large changes in few mRNAs and/or small changes in many mRNAs may drive function, gene ontology (GO)/pathway analyses were performed using both stringency criteria. Budesonide-induced genes showed GO term enrichment for positive and negative regulation of transcription, signaling, proliferation, apoptosis, and movement, as well as FOXO and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Repressed genes were enriched for inflammatory signaling pathways (TNF, NF-κB) and GO terms for cytokine activity, chemotaxis and cell signaling. Reduced growth factor expression and effects on proliferation and apoptosis were highlighted. Conclusions While glucocorticoids repress mRNAs associated with inflammation, prior induction of transcriptional activators and repressors may explain longer-term responses to these agents. Furthermore, positive and negative effects on signaling, proliferation, migration and apoptosis were revealed. Since many such gene expression changes occurred in human airways post-ICS inhalation, the effects observed in cell lines and primary HBE cells in vitro may be relevant to ICS in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0467-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences graduate program, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rider
- Department of Medicine, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Suharsh Shah
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Traves
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul M K Gordon
- Centre for Health Genomics and Informatics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Richard Leigh
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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29
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Tolentino MJ, Tolentino AJ. Challenges of selecting pharmacotherapy for macular edema the need for better and combination therapies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2019; 20:373-377. [PMID: 30657723 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2018.1559298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Tolentino
- a Research Blue Ocean Clinical Research , Department of Vision Integrated Partners , Clearwater , FL , USA.,b Department of Ophthalmology , University of Central Florida College of Medicine , Orlando , FL , USA
| | - Andrew J Tolentino
- a Research Blue Ocean Clinical Research , Department of Vision Integrated Partners , Clearwater , FL , USA
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30
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Gao W, Li N, Jin ZH, Lv XQ, Cui XG. Effect of preoperative inhaled budesonide on pulmonary injury after cardiopulmonary bypass: A randomized pilot study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 157:272-284. [PMID: 30396739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass can result in lung injury. This prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial aimed to evaluate the protective effect of inhaled budesonide on lung injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS Sixty patients, aged 25 to 65 years, requiring cardiopulmonary bypass were randomized to groups treated with saline or budesonide inhalation preoperatively. The respiratory mechanics were recorded. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected before cardiopulmonary bypass and after sternal closure. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors were analyzed. The primary end point was the lowest ratio of the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen after cardiopulmonary bypass. The durations of ventilation and postoperative recovery time were noted. RESULTS Budesonide significantly improved respiratory mechanics after cardiopulmonary bypass. Budesonide improved the partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fraction of inspired oxygen ratio from 8 to 48 hours after the operation. Budesonide shortened the durations of mechanical ventilation and postoperative recovery time. Budesonide decreased the levels of proinflammatory factors while increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum (all P < .05). The macrophage and neutrophil counts, and protein and elastase concentrations were decreased by budesonide treatment. CONCLUSIONS Budesonide treatment shortened the durations of mechanical ventilation, inhibited local and systemic inflammation, and improved respiratory function after cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Zhe-Hao Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiang-Qi Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Guang Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Mylka V, Deckers J, Ratman D, De Cauwer L, Thommis J, De Rycke R, Impens F, Libert C, Tavernier J, Vanden Berghe W, Gevaert K, De Bosscher K. The autophagy receptor SQSTM1/p62 mediates anti-inflammatory actions of the selective NR3C1/glucocorticoid receptor modulator compound A (CpdA) in macrophages. Autophagy 2018; 14:2049-2064. [PMID: 30215534 PMCID: PMC6984772 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1495681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are widely used to treat inflammatory disorders; however, prolonged use of glucocorticoids results in side effects including osteoporosis, diabetes and obesity. Compound A (CpdA), identified as a selective NR3C1/glucocorticoid receptor (nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1) modulator, exhibits an inflammation-suppressive effect, largely in the absence of detrimental side effects. To understand the mechanistic differences between the classic glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DEX) and CpdA, we looked for proteins oppositely regulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages using an unbiased proteomics approach. We found that the autophagy receptor SQSTM1 but not NR3C1 mediates the anti-inflammatory action of CpdA. CpdA drives SQSTM1 upregulation by recruiting the NFE2L2 transcription factor to its promoter. In contrast, the classic NR3C1 ligand dexamethasone recruits NR3C1 to the Sqstm1 promoter and other NFE2L2-controlled gene promoters, resulting in gene downregulation. Both DEX and CpdA induce autophagy, with marked different autophagy characteristics and morphology. Suppression of LPS-induced Il6 and Ccl2 genes by CpdA in macrophages is hampered upon Sqstm1 silencing, confirming that SQSTM1 is essential for the anti-inflammatory capacity of CpdA, at least in this cell type. Together, these results demonstrate how off-target mechanisms of selective NR3C1 ligands may contribute to a more efficient anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav Mylka
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Julie Deckers
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,f Inflammation Research Center , VIB, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Dariusz Ratman
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Lode De Cauwer
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jonathan Thommis
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- f Inflammation Research Center , VIB, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,g Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,h Department of Plant Systems Biology , VIB , Ghent , Belgium.,i Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Francis Impens
- c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,j VIB Proteomics Core , VIB , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- f Inflammation Research Center , VIB, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,g Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- b Receptor Research Laboratories, Cytokine Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- e PPES lab Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signaling , Department Biomedical Sciences - University of Antwerp , Wilrijk , Belgium
| | - Kris Gevaert
- c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- a Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium.,c Department of Biochemistry , VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology , Ghent , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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32
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Souffriau J, Eggermont M, Van Ryckeghem S, Van Looveren K, Van Wyngene L, Van Hamme E, Vuylsteke M, Beyaert R, De Bosscher K, Libert C. A screening assay for Selective Dimerizing Glucocorticoid Receptor Agonists and Modulators (SEDIGRAM) that are effective against acute inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12894. [PMID: 30150712 PMCID: PMC6110732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31150-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonists that promote GR homodimerization more than standard glucocorticoids such as Dexamethasone could be more effective anti-inflammatory molecules against acute and life-threatening inflammatory conditions. To test this hypothesis, we set up a screening pipeline aimed at discovering such Selective Dimerizing GR Agonists and Modulators (SEDIGRAM). The pipeline consists of a reporter gene assay based on a palindromic glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE). This assay represents GR dimerization in human A549 lung epithelial cells. In the pipeline, this is followed by analysis of endogenous GRE-driven gene expression, a FRET assay confirming dimerization, and monitoring of in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. In a proof of principle experiment, starting from seven candidate compounds, we identified two potentially interesting compounds (Cortivazol and AZD2906) that confer strong protection in a mouse model of aggressive TNF-induced lethal inflammation. A screening pipeline for SEDIGRAM may assist the search for compounds that promote GR dimerization and limit overwhelming acute inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Souffriau
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melanie Eggermont
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Van Ryckeghem
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Van Looveren
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lise Van Wyngene
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelien Van Hamme
- Bio Imaging Core, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rudi Beyaert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab, Center for Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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33
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Heming N, Sivanandamoorthy S, Meng P, Bounab R, Annane D. Immune Effects of Corticosteroids in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1736. [PMID: 30105022 PMCID: PMC6077259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction, results from a dysregulated host response to invading pathogens that may be characterized by overwhelming systemic inflammation or some sort of immune paralysis. Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment is nonspecific and relies on source control and organ support. Septic shock, the most severe form of sepsis is associated with the highest rate of mortality. Two large multicentre trials, undertaken 15 years apart, found that the combination of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone significantly reduces mortality in septic shock. The corticosteroids family is composed of several molecules that are usually characterized according to their glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid power, relative to hydrocortisone. While the immune effects of glucocorticoids whether mediated or not by the intracellular glucocorticoid receptor have been investigated for several decades, it is only very recently that potential immune effects of mineralocorticoids via non-renal mineralocorticoid receptors have gained popularity. We reviewed the respective role of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in counteracting sepsis-associated dysregulated immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Heming
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France.,U1173 Laboratory Inflammation and Infection, University of Versailles SQY-Paris Saclay - INSERM, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
| | | | - Paris Meng
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Rania Bounab
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Djillali Annane
- General Intensive Care Unit, Raymond Poincaré Hospital, Garches, France.,U1173 Laboratory Inflammation and Infection, University of Versailles SQY-Paris Saclay - INSERM, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, France
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34
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Pourteymour S, Hjorth M, Lee S, Holen T, Langleite TM, Jensen J, Birkeland KI, Drevon CA, Eckardt K. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 and 6 are oppositely regulated in human skeletal muscle by acute exercise. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/19/e13459. [PMID: 28989118 PMCID: PMC5641939 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity promotes specific adaptations in most tissues including skeletal muscle. Acute exercise activates numerous signaling cascades including pathways involving mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, which returns to pre‐exercise level after exercise. The expression of MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) in human skeletal muscle and their regulation by exercise have not been investigated before. In this study, we used mRNA sequencing to monitor regulation of MKPs in human skeletal muscle after acute cycling. In addition, primary human myotubes were used to gain more insights into the regulation of MKPs. The two ERK1/2‐specific MKPs, dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) and DUSP6, were the most regulated MKPs in skeletal muscle after acute exercise. DUSP5 expression was ninefold higher immediately after exercise and returned to pre‐exercise level within 2 h, whereas DUSP6 expression was reduced by 43% just after exercise and remained below pre‐exercise level after 2 h recovery. Cultured myotubes express both MKPs, and incubation with dexamethasone (Dex) mimicked the in vivo expression pattern of DUSP5 and DUSP6 caused by exercise. Using a MAPK kinase inhibitor, we showed that stimulation of ERK1/2 activity by Dex was required for induction of DUSP5. However, maintaining basal ERK1/2 activity was required for basal DUSP6 expression suggesting that the effect of Dex on DUSP6 might involve an ERK1/2‐independent mechanism. We conclude that the altered expression of DUSP5 and DUSP6 in skeletal muscle after acute endurance exercise might affect ERK1/2 signaling of importance for adaptations in skeletal muscle during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Pourteymour
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sindre Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Holen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgrim M Langleite
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kåre I Birkeland
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin Eckardt
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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35
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Tsang EJ, Wu B, Zuk P. MAPK signaling has stage-dependent osteogenic effects on human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:129-146. [PMID: 28398098 PMCID: PMC6200338 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1313248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OVERVIEW The use of pro-osteogenic growth factors, such as BMP2, in human adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) osteogenesis is well described. Because these growth factors work via signal transduction pathways, such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a study of the relationship between MAPK signaling and ASC osteogenesis was conducted. MATERIALS AND METHODS ERK, JNK, and p38MAPK activation were measured in ASCs osteo-induced using either dexamethasone or vitamin D3 and correlated with mineralization. Activation and mineralization were also measured without dexamethasone or using the glucocorticoid, cortisone. The expression of the MAPK phosphatase, MKP1, and its relationship to mineralization was also assessed. The effect of decreasing MAPK activation on mineralization through the use of exogenous inhibitors was examined along with siRNA-knockdown and adenoviral overexpression of ERK1/2. Finally, the effect of ERK1/2 overexpression on ASCs induced on PLGA scaffolds was assessed. RESULTS ASC mineralization in dexamethasone or vitamin D3-induced ASCs correlated with both increased ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation. ASCs induced without dexamethasone also mineralized, with JNK1/2 signaling possibly mediating this event. No link between cortisone induction and MAPK signaling could be ascertained. ASCs treated with ERK, JNK, or p38MAPK inhibitors showed decreased osteogenic gene expression and diminished mineralization. Mineralization levels were also affected by viruses designed to inhibit or augment ERK1/2 expression and activity. Finally, ASC mineralization appeared to be a balance between the MAPK kinase activity and MKP1. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that MAPK signaling plays a significant role in ASC osteogenesis, affecting differentiation in kinase- and stage-specific manners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. Tsang
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Patricia Zuk
- Regenerative Bioengineering and Repair Laboratory, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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36
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Gao W, Meng QM, Cui XG. Budesonide instillation immediately after reperfusion ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury in the transplanted lung of rat. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:439-446. [PMID: 29236548 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1405103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) after lung transplantation can lead to primary graft dysfunction. Budesonide can improve endothelial function to reduce lung injury. This study was aimed to examine the effects of budesonide on LIRI and potential mechanisms. METHODS Wistar rats were randomized and transplanted with syngeneic left lung or received the sham surgery. The recipients were instilled with saline or budesonide immediately after reperfusion. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), blood gas, and lung histology were analyzed. The ratios of wet to dry lung weights, the levels of total proteins, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, and neutrophil elastase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and xanthine oxidase (XO) in the lung, and the levels of plasma lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 and P-selectin were determined. RESULTS Compared with the saline group, treatment with budesonide significantly increased blood PaO2, but reduced PaCO2, and mitigated lung damages after reperfusion, the levels of BALF proteins, and the ratios of wet to dry lung weights in rats. Furthermore, treatment with budesonide significantly decreased the levels of MDA, MPO, and XO in the lung and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and neutrophil elastase, but increased IL-10 in the BALF, accompanied by significantly reduced levels of serum P-selectin and LFA-1 in rats. CONCLUSIONS Budesonide effectively mitigated LIRI and ameliorated the lung function by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation following syngeneic lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Qiu-Ming Meng
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
| | - Xiao-Guang Cui
- a Department of Anesthesiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Harbin Medical University , Harbin , Heilongjiang Province , China
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37
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Yan F, Zhou J. Oscillatory dynamics of p38 activity with transcriptional and translational time delays. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11495. [PMID: 28904347 PMCID: PMC5597677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental evidence reports that oscillations of p38 MAPK (p38) activity would efficiently induce pro-inflammatory gene expression, which might be deleterious to immune systems and may even cause cellular damage and apoptosis. It is widely accepted now that transcriptional and translational delays are ubiquitous in gene expression, which can typically result in oscillatory responses of gene regulations. Consequently, delay-driven sustained oscillations in p38 activity (p38*) could in principle be commonplace. Nevertheless, so far the studies of the impact of such delays on p38* have been lacking both experimentally and theoretically. Here, we use experimental data to develop a delayed mathematical model, with the aim of understanding how such delays affect oscillatory behaviour on p38*. We analyze the stability and oscillation of the model with and without explicit time delays. We show that a sufficiently input stimulation strength is prerequisite for generating p38* oscillations, and that an optimal rate of model parameters is also essential to these oscillations. Moreover, we find that the time delays required for transcription and translation in mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) gene expression can drive p38* to be oscillatory even when the concentration of p38* level is at a stable state. Furthermore, the length of these delays can determine the amplitude and period of the oscillations and can enormously extend the oscillatory ranges of model parameters. These results indicate that time delays in MKP-1 synthesis are required, albeit not sufficient, for p38* oscillations, which may lead to new insights related to p38 oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Haihong Liu
- Department of mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of mathematics, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650092, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
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38
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Cipolla GA, Park JK, Lavker RM, Petzl-Erler ML. Crosstalk between Signaling Pathways in Pemphigus: A Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation? Front Immunol 2017; 8:1022. [PMID: 28928733 PMCID: PMC5591886 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus consists of a group of chronic blistering skin diseases mediated by autoantibodies (autoAbs). The dogma that pemphigus is caused by keratinocyte dissociation (acantholysis) as a distinctive and direct consequence of the presence of autoAb targeting two main proteins of the desmosome—desmoglein (DSG) 1 and/or DSG3—has been put to the test. Several outside-in signaling events elicited by pemphigus autoAb in keratinocytes have been described, among which stands out p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) engagement and its apoptotic effect on keratinocytes. The role of apoptosis in the disease is, however, debatable, to an extent that it may not be a determinant event for the occurrence of acantholysis. Also, it has been verified that compromised DSG trans-interaction does not lead to keratinocyte dissociation when p38 MAPK is inhibited. These examples of conflicting results have been followed by recent work revealing an important role for endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pemphigus’ pathogenesis. ER stress is known to activate the p38 MAPK pathway, and vice versa. However, this relationship has not yet been studied in the context of activated signaling pathways in pemphigus. Therefore, by reviewing and hypothetically connecting the role(s) of ER stress and p38 MAPK pathway in pemphigus, we highlight the importance of elucidating the crosstalk between all activated signaling pathways, which may in turn contribute for a better understanding of the role of apoptosis in the disease and a better management of this life-threatening condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Cipolla
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Jong Kook Park
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Science and Research, Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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39
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Bekhbat M, Rowson SA, Neigh GN. Checks and balances: The glucocorticoid receptor and NFĸB in good times and bad. Front Neuroendocrinol 2017; 46:15-31. [PMID: 28502781 PMCID: PMC5523465 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mutual regulation and balance between the endocrine and immune systems facilitate an organism's stress response and are impaired following chronic stress or prolonged immune activation. Concurrent alterations in stress physiology and immunity are increasingly recognized as contributing factors to several stress-linked neuropsychiatric disorders including depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Accumulating evidence suggests that impaired balance and crosstalk between the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) - effectors of the stress and immune axes, respectively - may play a key role in mediating the harmful effects of chronic stress on mood and behavior. Here, we first review the molecular mechanisms of GR and NFκB interactions in health, then describe potential shifts in the GR-NFκB dynamics in chronic stress conditions within the context of brain circuitry relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases. Furthermore, we discuss developmental influences and sex differences in the regulation of these two transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakh Bekhbat
- Emory University, Graduate Division of Biological Sciences, Neuroscience Graduate Program, United States
| | - Sydney A Rowson
- Emory University, Graduate Division of Biological Sciences, Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Studies Program, United States
| | - Gretchen N Neigh
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, United States.
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40
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Neuroprotective Effects of Sigesbeckia pubescens Extract on Glutamate-Induced Oxidative Stress in HT22 Cells via Downregulation of MAPK/caspase-3 Pathways. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2017; 38:497-505. [PMID: 28477054 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Sigesbeckia pubescens (SP) is a traditional Chinese medicine, possessing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluate the neuroprotective activities of SP extract on glutamate-induced oxidative stress in HT22 cells and the molecular mechanism underlying neuroprotection. We applied 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), crystal violet, reactive oxygen species (ROS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and western blot analyses for assessing the neuroprotective effects of SP extract. The experimental study revealed that SP considerably increased the cell viability, and reduced the oxidative stress promoted ROS and LDH generation in HT22 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the morphology of HT22 cells was effectively improved by SP. Upregulated gene expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were markedly attenuated by SP. Similarly, SP notably suppressed the ROS-mediated phosphorylation of MAPK (pERK1/2, pJNK, and pp38) cascades and activation of apoptotic factor caspase-3 signaling pathway that overall contributed to the neuroprotection. Taken together, SP may exert neuroprotective effects via alteration of MAPK and caspase-3 pathways under oxidative stress condition. Therefore, SP is a potential agent for preventing oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell death.
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41
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Gümüş S, Yarıktaş M, Nazıroğlu M, Uğuz AC, Aynali G, Başpınar Ş. Effect of a corticosteroid (triamcinolone) and chlorhexidine on chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress in the buccal mucosa of rats. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2017; 95:E36-E43. [PMID: 27929606 DOI: 10.1177/014556131609501211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral mucositis manifests as erythematous and ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. Among its various causes, cancer treatment (e.g., chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy) is one of the more well known. It has been widely mentioned that oxidative stress parameters such as lipid peroxidation levels increase during the cancer process. Glutathione is one of the major intracellular enzymes used to detoxify oxidant molecules; it exists in both a reduced and oxidized state. Reduced glutathione is used as a substrate to synthesize glutathione peroxidase. We conducted a study to investigate and compare the effects of triamcinolone (a synthetic steroid) and chlorhexidine (a chemical antiseptic) on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; a chemotherapeutic agent)-induced oral mucositis in the buccal mucosa of 36 rats. Oral mucositis was induced through a combination of 5-FU treatment and mild abrasion of the cheek pouch with a wire brush. The rats were treated with one of four regimens: saline placebo (group I), 5-FU only (group II), 5-FU plus triamcinolone (group III), and 5-FU plus chlorhexidine (group IV). Three rats in the triamcinolone group died of unknown causes on days 7 and 8, and 3 rats in the chlorhexidine group died on days 7 and 9. On day 9, the remaining 30 rats were sacrificed and examined. Buccal mucosa lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher in the 5-FU-only group than in the control group and significantly higher in the control group than in the triamcinolone group (p < 0.05 for both). Levels of reduced glutathione were significantly lower in the 5-FU-only group than in both the triamcinolone group and the chlorhexidine group (p < 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly higher in the triamcinolone group than in the 5-FU-only group (p < 0.01). Histopathologic analysis revealed that treatment with triamcinolone significantly reduced 5-FU-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and ulceration (p < 0.001); no such reduction was seen with chlorhexidine. In conclusion, we observed that triamcinolone and chlorhexidine treatment modulated chemotherapy-induced oxidative injury in rat oral mucositis. However, only triamcinolone histopathologically ameliorated 5-FU-induced oral mucositis. These findings suggest that triamcinolone is a useful agent for the management of experimental oxidative injury and oral mucositis caused by 5-FU chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Gümüş
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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42
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Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs; referred to clinically as corticosteroids) are steroid hormones with potent anti-inflammatory and immune modulatory profiles. Depending on the context, these hormones can also mediate pro-inflammatory activities, thereby serving as primers of the immune system. Their target receptor, the GC receptor (GR), is a multi-tasking transcription factor, changing its role and function depending on cellular and organismal needs. To get a clearer idea of how to improve the safety profile of GCs, recent studies have investigated the complex mechanisms underlying GR functions. One of the key findings includes both pro- and anti-inflammatory roles of GR, and a future challenge will be to understand how such paradoxical findings can be reconciled and how GR ultimately shifts the balance to a net anti-inflammatory profile. As such, there is consensus that GR deserves a second life as a drug target, with either refined classic GCs or a novel generation of nonsteroidal GR-targeting molecules, to meet the increasing clinical needs of today to treat inflammation and cancer.
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43
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Newton R, Shah S, Altonsy MO, Gerber AN. Glucocorticoid and cytokine crosstalk: Feedback, feedforward, and co-regulatory interactions determine repression or resistance. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:7163-7172. [PMID: 28283576 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.777318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signals induce feedback and feedforward systems that provide temporal control. Although glucocorticoids can repress inflammatory gene expression, glucocorticoid receptor recruitment increases expression of negative feedback and feedforward regulators, including the phosphatase, DUSP1, the ubiquitin-modifying enzyme, TNFAIP3, or the mRNA-destabilizing protein, ZFP36. Moreover, glucocorticoid receptor cooperativity with factors, including nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), may enhance regulator expression to promote repression. Conversely, MAPKs, which are inhibited by glucocorticoids, provide feedforward control to limit expression of the transcription factor IRF1, and the chemokine, CXCL10. We propose that modulation of feedback and feedforward control can determine repression or resistance of inflammatory gene expression toglucocorticoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- From the Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada,
| | - Suharsh Shah
- the Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Mohammed O Altonsy
- From the Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada.,the Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt, and
| | - Antony N Gerber
- the Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado 80206
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44
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MAP kinase phosphatase 2 deficient mice develop attenuated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through regulating dendritic cells and T cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38999. [PMID: 27958388 PMCID: PMC5154199 DOI: 10.1038/srep38999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs) play key roles in inflammation and immune mediated diseases. Here we investigated the mechanisms by which MKP-2 modulates central nervous system (CNS) inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our results show that MKP-2 mRNA levels in the spinal cord and lymphoid organs of EAE mice were increased compared with naive controls, indicating an important role for MKP-2 in EAE development. Indeed, MKP-2−/− mice developed reduced EAE severity, associated with diminished CNS immune cell infiltration, decreased proinflammatory cytokine production and reduced frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleens and lymph nodes. In addition, MKP-2−/− CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) had reduced expression of MHC-II and CD40 compared with MKP-2+/+ mice. Subsequent experiments revealed that CD4+ T cells from naïve MKP-2−/− mice had decreased cell proliferation and IL-2 and IL-17 production relative to wild type controls. Furthermore, co-culture experiments showed that bone marrow derived DCs of MKP-2−/− mice had impaired capability in antigen presentation and T cell activation. While MKP-2 also modulates macrophage activation, our study suggests that MKP-2 is essential to the pathogenic response of EAE, and it acts mainly via regulating the important antigen presenting DC function and T cell activation.
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Paranjape A, Chernushevich O, Qayum AA, Spence AJ, Taruselli MT, Abebayehu D, Barnstein BO, McLeod JJA, Baker B, Bajaj GS, Chumanevich AP, Oskeritzian CA, Ryan JJ. Dexamethasone rapidly suppresses IL-33-stimulated mast cell function by blocking transcription factor activity. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1395-1404. [PMID: 27443878 PMCID: PMC5109997 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0316-125r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are critical effectors of allergic disease and can be activated by IL-33, a proinflammatory member of the IL-1 cytokine family. IL-33 worsens the pathology of mast cell-mediated diseases, but therapies to antagonize IL-33 are still forthcoming. Because steroids are the mainstay of allergic disease treatment and are well known to suppress mast cell activation by other stimuli, we examined the effects of the steroid dexamethasone on IL-33-mediated mast cell function. We found that dexamethasone potently and rapidly suppressed cytokine production elicited by IL-33 from murine bone marrow-derived and peritoneal mast cells. IL-33 enhances IgE-mediated mast cell cytokine production, an activity that was also antagonized by dexamethasone. These effects were consistent in human mast cells. We additionally observed that IL-33 augmented migration of IgE-sensitized mast cells toward antigen. This enhancing effect was similarly reversed by dexamethasone. Simultaneous addition of dexamethasone with IL-33 had no effect on the phosphorylation of MAP kinases or NFκB p65 subunit; however, dexamethasone antagonized AP-1- and NFκB-mediated transcriptional activity. Intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone completely abrogated IL-33-mediated peritoneal neutrophil recruitment and prevented plasma IL-6 elevation. These data demonstrate that steroid therapy may be an effective means of antagonizing the effects of IL-33 on mast cells in vitro and in vivo, acting partly by suppressing IL-33-induced NFκB and AP-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuya Paranjape
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Oksana Chernushevich
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Amina Abdul Qayum
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Andrew J Spence
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Marcela T Taruselli
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Brian O Barnstein
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | | | - Bianca Baker
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Gurjas S Bajaj
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
| | - Alena P Chumanevich
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Carole A Oskeritzian
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA; and
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Wang M, Gao P, Wu X, Chen Y, Feng Y, Yang Q, Xu Y, Zhao J, Xie J. Impaired anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoid in neutrophil from patients with steroid-resistant asthma. Respir Res 2016; 17:153. [PMID: 27852250 PMCID: PMC5112750 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-016-0462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Steroid resistant (SR) asthma is characterized by persistent airway inflammation that fails to resolve despite treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. Furthermore, SR patient airways show increased numbers neutrophils, which are less responsive to glucocorticoid. The present study seeks to determine whether dexamethasone (DEX) has different effect on neutrophils from steroid sensitive (SS) asthmatics compared to SR asthmatics. METHODS Adults with asthma (n = 38) were classified as SR or SS based on changes in lung FEV1% following a one-month inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment. Blood samples were collected from all patients during their first visit of the study. Neutrophils isolated from the blood were cultured with dexamethasone and/or atopic asthmatic serum for 18 h. The mRNA expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), a glucocorticoid transactivation target, and glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 (GLCCI1), an early marker of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis whose expression was associated with the response to inhaled glucocorticoids in asthma , was determined by real-time PCR, and ELISA was used to assess the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 levels in the supernatant. Constitutive neutrophil apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS DEX significantly induced MKP-1 expression in both patients with SS and SR patients in a concentration-dependent manner, but greater induction was observed for SS patients at a low concentration (10-6 M). Asthmatic serum alone showed no MKP-1expression, and there was impaired induction of MKP-1 by DEX in SR asthma patients. The expression of GLCCI1 was not induced in neutrophils with DEX or DEX/atopic asthmatic serum combination. Greater inhibition of IL-8 production was observed in neutrophils from patients with SS asthma treated with DEX/atopic asthmatic serum combination compared with SR asthma patients, though DEX alone showed the same effect on neutrophils from SS and SR asthma patients. Meanwhile, DEX dependent inhibition of constitutive neutrophil apoptosis was similar between SS asthma and SR asthma patients. CONCLUSIONS DEX exerted different effects on neutrophils from patients with SS asthma and SR asthma, which may contribute to glucocorticoid insensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuetao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yikuan Feng
- Department Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jungang Xie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. .,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Newton R, Giembycz MA. Understanding how long-acting β 2 -adrenoceptor agonists enhance the clinical efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma - an update. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3405-3430. [PMID: 27646470 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In moderate-to-severe asthma, adding an inhaled long-acting β2 -adenoceptor agonist (LABA) to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) provides better disease control than simply increasing the dose of ICS. Acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, gene NR3C1), ICSs promote anti-inflammatory/anti-asthma gene expression. In vitro, LABAs synergistically enhance the maximal expression of many glucocorticoid-induced genes. Other genes, including dual-specificity phosphatase 1(DUSP1) in human airways smooth muscle (ASM) and epithelial cells, are up-regulated additively by both drug classes. Synergy may also occur for LABA-induced genes, as illustrated by the bronchoprotective gene, regulator of G-protein signalling 2 (RGS2) in ASM. Such effects cannot be produced by either drug alone and may explain the therapeutic efficacy of ICS/LABA combination therapies. While the molecular basis of synergy remains unclear, mechanistic interpretations must accommodate gene-specific regulation. We explore the concept that each glucocorticoid-induced gene is an independent signal transducer optimally activated by a specific, ligand-directed, GR conformation. In addition to explaining partial agonism, this realization provides opportunities to identify novel GR ligands that exhibit gene expression bias. Translating this into improved therapeutic ratios requires consideration of GR density in target tissues and further understanding of gene function. Similarly, the ability of a LABA to interact with a glucocorticoid may be suboptimal due to low β2 -adrenoceptor density or biased β2 -adrenoceptor signalling. Strategies to overcome these limitations include adding-on a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and using agonists of other Gs-coupled receptors. In all cases, the rational design of ICS/LABA, and derivative, combination therapies requires functional knowledge of induced (and repressed) genes for therapeutic benefit to be maximized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark A Giembycz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Hossny E, Rosario N, Lee BW, Singh M, El-Ghoneimy D, SOH JY, Le Souef P. The use of inhaled corticosteroids in pediatric asthma: update. World Allergy Organ J 2016; 9:26. [PMID: 27551328 PMCID: PMC4982274 DOI: 10.1186/s40413-016-0117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability of several formulations of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and delivery devices for treatment of childhood asthma and despite the development of evidence-based guidelines, childhood asthma control remains suboptimal. Improving uptake of asthma management plans, both by families and practitioners, is needed. Adherence to daily ICS therapy is a key determinant of asthma control and this mandates that asthma education follow a repetitive pattern and involve literal explanation and physical demonstration of the optimal use of inhaler devices. The potential adverse effects of ICS need to be weighed against the benefit of these drugs to control persistent asthma especially that its safety profile is markedly better than oral glucocorticoids. This article reviews the key mechanisms of inhaled corticosteroid action; recommendations on dosage and therapeutic regimens; potential optimization of effectiveness by addressing inhaler technique and adherence to therapy; and updated knowledge on the real magnitude of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hossny
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | | | - Bee Wah Lee
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meenu Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dalia El-Ghoneimy
- Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566 Egypt
| | - Jian Yi SOH
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter Le Souef
- Winthrop Professor of Paediatrics & Child Health, School of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
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Werners AH. Treatment of endotoxaemia and septicaemia in the equine patient. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:1-15. [PMID: 27452161 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endotoxins, constituents of the cell wall of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, regularly result in severe illness and death in horses. In endotoxaemia, these constituents are present in the systemic circulation; in septicaemia, whole microbes invade normally sterile parts of the body. Interaction of these endotoxins with pathogen recognition receptors leads to an inflammatory response that cannot always be sufficiently contained and hence needs direct treatment. Over the last decennia, our understanding of the pathophysiology of endotoxaemia and septicaemia has significantly increased. Based on improved understanding of the interaction between receptors and endotoxins as well as the subsequent downstream signalling pathways, new therapeutic targets have been identified in laboratory animal species and humans. Important species differences in the recognition of endotoxins and pathogens by their receptors as well as the inflammatory response to receptor activation hamper extrapolation of this information to the horse (and other species). Historically, horses with endotoxaemia and septicaemia have been treated mainly symptomatically and supportively. Based on the identified therapeutic targets, this review describes the current knowledge of the treatment for endotoxaemia and septicaemia in the horse with reference to the findings in other animal species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Werners
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue Campus, St. George's, Grenada, West-Indies
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Singh R. Model Predicts That MKP1 and TAB1 Regulate p38α Nuclear Pulse and Its Basal Activity through Positive and Negative Feedback Loops in Response to IL-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157572. [PMID: 27314954 PMCID: PMC4912083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1 mediates inflammation and stress response through nuclear activity of p38α. Although IL-1 receptor is not degraded, p38α activation is transient. IL-1 also causes cell migration and EMT by modulating cell-cell junctions. Although molecules involved in p38 activation are known, mechanism of the transient nuclear response and its basal activity remains unknown. By mathematical modeling of IL1/p38 signaling network, we show that IL-1 induces robust p38α activation both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm/membrane. While nuclear response consists of an acute phase, membrane response resembles a step change. Following stimulation, p38α activity returns to a basal level in absence of receptor degradation. While nuclear pulse is controlled by MKP1 through a negative feedback to pp38, its basal activity is controlled by both TAB1 and MKP1 through a positive feedback loop. Our model provides insight into the mechanism of p38α activation, reason for its transient nuclear response, and explanation of the basal activity of MKK3/6 and p38α, which has been experimentally observed by other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghvendra Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
- * E-mail:
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