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Choudhury P, Dasgupta S, Bhattacharyya P, Roychowdhury S, Chaudhury K. Understanding pulmonary hypertension: the need for an integrative metabolomics and transcriptomics approach. Mol Omics 2024; 20:366-389. [PMID: 38853716 DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00266g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), characterised by mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) >20 mm Hg at rest, is a complex pathophysiological disorder associated with multiple clinical conditions. The high prevalence of the disease along with increased mortality and morbidity makes it a global health burden. Despite major advances in understanding the disease pathophysiology, much of the underlying complex molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Lack of a robust diagnostic test and specific therapeutic targets also poses major challenges. This review provides a comprehensive update on the dysregulated pathways and promising candidate markers identified in PH patients using the transcriptomics and metabolomics approach. The review also highlights the need of using an integrative multi-omics approach for obtaining insight into the disease at a molecular level. The integrative multi-omics/pan-omics approach envisaged to help in bridging the gap from genotype to phenotype is outlined. Finally, the challenges commonly encountered while conducting omics-driven studies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Choudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
| | - Sanjukta Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, Barasat, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | - Koel Chaudhury
- School of Medical Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India.
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López-Laguna H, Tsimbouri PM, Jayawarna V, Rigou I, Serna N, Voltà-Durán E, Unzueta U, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Vázquez E, Dalby MJ, Villaverde A. Hybrid Micro-/Nanoprotein Platform Provides Endocrine-like and Extracellular Matrix-like Cell Delivery of Growth Factors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32930-32944. [PMID: 38888932 PMCID: PMC11231985 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Protein materials are versatile tools in diverse biomedical fields. Among them, artificial secretory granules (SGs), mimicking those from the endocrine system, act as mechanically stable reservoirs for the sustained release of proteins as oligomeric functional nanoparticles. Only validated in oncology, the physicochemical properties of SGs, along with their combined drug-releasing and scaffolding abilities, make them suitable as smart topographies in regenerative medicine for the prolonged delivery of growth factors (GFs). Thus, considering the need for novel, safe, and cost-effective materials to present GFs, in this study, we aimed to biofabricate a protein platform combining both endocrine-like and extracellular matrix fibronectin-derived (ECM-FN) systems. This approach is based on the sustained delivery of a nanostructured histidine-tagged version of human fibroblast growth factor 2. The GF is presented onto polymeric surfaces, interacting with FN to spontaneously generate nanonetworks that absorb and present the GF in the solid state, to modulate mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) behavior. The results show that SGs-based topographies trigger high rates of MSCs proliferation while preventing differentiation. While this could be useful in cell therapy manufacture demanding large numbers of unspecialized MSCs, it fully validates the hybrid platform as a convenient setup for the design of biologically active hybrid surfaces and in tissue engineering for the controlled manipulation of mammalian cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hèctor López-Laguna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, U.K
| | - Vineetha Jayawarna
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, U.K
| | - Ioanna Rigou
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, U.K
| | - Naroa Serna
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Eric Voltà-Durán
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, U.K
| | - Esther Vázquez
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G11 6EW, U.K
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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Sankaran DG, Zhu H, Maymi VI, Forlastro IM, Jiang Y, Laniewski N, Scheible KM, Rudd BD, Grimson AW. Gene Regulatory Programs that Specify Age-Related Differences during Thymocyte Development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.14.599011. [PMID: 38948840 PMCID: PMC11212896 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.14.599011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
T cell development is fundamental to immune system establishment, yet how this development changes with age remains poorly understood. Here, we construct a transcriptional and epigenetic atlas of T cell developmental programs in neonatal and adult mice, revealing the ontogeny of divergent gene regulatory programs and their link to age-related differences in phenotype and function. Specifically, we identify a gene module that diverges with age from the earliest stages of genesis and includes programs that govern effector response and cell cycle regulation. Moreover, we reveal that neonates possess more accessible chromatin during early thymocyte development, likely establishing poised gene expression programs that manifest later in thymocyte development. Finally, we leverage this atlas, employing a CRISPR-based perturbation approach coupled with single-cell RNA sequencing as a readout to uncover a conserved transcriptional regulator, Zbtb20, that contributes to age-dependent differences in T cell development. Altogether, our study defines transcriptional and epigenetic programs that regulate age-specific differences in T cell development.
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Verdura S, Encinar JA, Gratchev A, Llop-Hernández À, López J, Serrano-Hervás E, Teixidor E, López-Bonet E, Martin-Castillo B, Micol V, Bosch-Barrera J, Cuyàs E, Menendez JA. Silibinin is a suppressor of the metastasis-promoting transcription factor ID3. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155493. [PMID: 38484626 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ID3 (inhibitor of DNA binding/differentiation-3) is a transcription factor that enables metastasis by promoting stem cell-like properties in endothelial and tumor cells. The milk thistle flavonolignan silibinin is a phytochemical with anti-metastatic potential through largely unknown mechanisms. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE We have mechanistically investigated the ability of silibinin to inhibit the aberrant activation of ID3 in brain endothelium and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) models. METHODS Bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate the co-expression correlation between ID3 and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) ligands/BMP receptors (BMPRs) genes in NSCLC patient datasets. ID3 expression was assessed by immunoblotting and qRT-PCR. Luciferase reporter assays were used to evaluate the gene sequences targeted by silibinin to regulate ID3 transcription. In silico computational modeling and LanthaScreen TR-FRET kinase assays were used to characterize and validate the BMPR inhibitory activity of silibinin. Tumor tissues from NSCLC xenograft models treated with oral silibinin were used to evaluate the in vivo anti-ID3 effects of silibinin. RESULTS Analysis of lung cancer patient datasets revealed a top-ranked positive association of ID3 with the BMP9 endothelial receptor ACVRL1/ALK1 and the BMP ligand BMP6. Silibinin treatment blocked the BMP9-induced activation of the ALK1-phospho-SMAD1/5-ID3 axis in brain endothelial cells. Constitutive, acquired, and adaptive expression of ID3 in NSCLC cells were all significantly downregulated in response to silibinin. Silibinin blocked ID3 transcription via BMP-responsive elements in ID3 gene enhancers. Silibinin inhibited the kinase activities of BMPRs in the micromolar range, with the lower IC50 values occurring against ACVRL1/ALK1 and BMPR2. In an in vivo NSCLC xenograft model, tumoral overexpression of ID3 was completely suppressed by systematically achievable oral doses of silibinin. CONCLUSIONS ID3 is a largely undruggable metastasis-promoting transcription factor. Silibinin is a novel suppressor of ID3 that may be explored as a novel therapeutic approach to interfere with the metastatic dissemination capacity of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verdura
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - José Antonio Encinar
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain
| | - Alexei Gratchev
- Laboratory for Tumor Stromal Cell Biology, Institute of Carcinogenesis, Nikolaj Nikolajevich (N.N.) Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Àngela Llop-Hernández
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Júlia López
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Eila Serrano-Hervás
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Eduard Teixidor
- Precision Oncology Group (OncoGir-Pro), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Eugeni López-Bonet
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital of Girona, Girona 17007, Spain
| | - Begoña Martin-Castillo
- Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Unit of Clinical Research, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain
| | - Vicente Micol
- Institute of Research, Development and Innovation in Health Biotechnology of Elche (IDiBE), Universitas Miguel Hernández (UMH), Elche 03202, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Joaquim Bosch-Barrera
- Precision Oncology Group (OncoGir-Pro), Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain; Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Department of Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance (ProCURE), Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, 17007, Spain; Metabolism and Cancer Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona 17190, Spain.
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Rzhanova LA, Markitantova YV, Aleksandrova MA. Recent Achievements in the Heterogeneity of Mammalian and Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium: In Search of a Stem Cell. Cells 2024; 13:281. [PMID: 38334673 PMCID: PMC10854871 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells are important fundamentally for the development and function of the retina. In this regard, the study of the morphological and molecular properties of RPE cells, as well as their regenerative capabilities, is of particular importance for biomedicine. However, these studies are complicated by the fact that, despite the external morphological similarity of RPE cells, the RPE is a population of heterogeneous cells, the molecular genetic properties of which have begun to be revealed by sequencing methods only in recent years. This review carries out an analysis of the data from morphological and molecular genetic studies of the heterogeneity of RPE cells in mammals and humans, which reveals the individual differences in the subpopulations of RPE cells and the possible specificity of their functions. Particular attention is paid to discussing the properties of "stemness," proliferation, and plasticity in the RPE, which may be useful for uncovering the mechanisms of retinal diseases associated with pathologies of the RPE and finding new ways of treating them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuliya V. Markitantova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (L.A.R.); (M.A.A.)
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Saitoh M. Transcriptional regulation of EMT transcription factors in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 97:21-29. [PMID: 37802266 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the processes by which epithelial cells transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells in the developmental stage, known as "complete EMT." In epithelial cancer, EMT, also termed "partial EMT," is associated with invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy, and is elicited by several transcription factors, frequently referred to as EMT transcription factors. Among these transcription factors that regulate EMT, ZEB1/2 (ZEB1 and ZEB2), SNAIL, and TWIST play a prominent role in driving the EMT process (hereafter referred to as "EMT-TFs"). Among these, ZEB1/2 show positive correlation with both expression of mesenchymal marker proteins and the aggressiveness of various carcinomas. On the other hand, TWIST and SNAIL are also correlated with the aggressiveness of carcinomas, but are not highly correlated with mesenchymal marker protein expression. Interestingly, these EMT-TFs are not detected simultaneously in any studied cases of aggressive cancers, except for sarcoma. Thus, only one or some of the EMT-TFs are expressed at high levels in cells of aggressive carcinomas. Expression of EMT-TFs is regulated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a well-established inducer of EMT, in cooperation with other signaling molecules, such as active RAS signals. The focus of this review is the molecular mechanisms by which EMT-TFs are transcriptionally sustained at sufficiently high levels in cells of aggressive carcinomas and upregulated by TGF-β during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Saitoh
- Center for Medical Education and Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo-city, Yamanashi, Japan.
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Wei R, Zhang X, Li X, Wen J, Liu H, Fu J, Li L, Zhang W, Liu Z, Yang Y, Zou K. A rapid and stable spontaneous reprogramming system of Spermatogonial stem cells to Pluripotent State. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:222. [PMID: 38041111 PMCID: PMC10693117 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01150-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scarcity of pluripotent stem cells poses a major challenge to the clinical application, given ethical and biosafety considerations. While germline stem cells commit to gamete differentiation throughout life, studies demonstrated the spontaneous acquisition of pluripotency by spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from neonatal testes at a low frequency (1 in 1.5 × 107). Notably, this process occurs without exogenous oncogenes or chemical supplementation. However, while knockout of the p53 gene accelerates the transformation of SSCs, it also increases risk and hampers their clinical use. RESULTS We report a transformation system that efficiently and stably convert SSCs into pluripotent stem cells around 10 passages with the morphology similar to that of epiblast stem cells, which convert to embryonic stem (ES) cell-like colonies after change with ES medium. Epidermal growth factor (EGF), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and fresh mouse embryonic fibroblast feeder (MEF) are essential for transformation, and addition of 2i (CHIR99021 and PD0325901) further enhanced the pluripotency. Transcriptome analysis revealed that EGF activated the RAS signaling pathway and inhibited p38 to initiate transformation, and synergically cooperated with LIF to promote the transformation. CONCLUSION This system established an efficient and safe resource of pluripotent cells from autologous germline, and provide new avenues for regenerative medicine and animal cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wei
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiqiang Fu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wenyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science & Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-Yang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Kang Zou
- Germline Stem Cells and Microenvironment Lab, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- Stem Cell Research and Translation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Liu H, Lu P, He S, Luo Y, Fang Y, Benkaci S, Wu B, Wang Y, Zhou B. β-Catenin regulates endocardial cushion growth by suppressing p21. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302163. [PMID: 37385754 PMCID: PMC10310929 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocardial cushion formation is essential for heart valve development and heart chamber separation. Abnormal endocardial cushion formation often causes congenital heart defects. β-Catenin is known to be essential for endocardial cushion formation; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that endothelial-specific deletion of β-catenin in mice resulted in formation of hypoplastic endocardial cushions due to reduced cell proliferation and impaired cell migration. By using a β-catenin DM allele in which the transcriptional function of β-catenin is selectively disrupted, we further reveal that β-catenin regulated cell proliferation and migration through its transcriptional and non-transcriptional function, respectively. At the molecular level, loss of β-catenin resulted in increased expression of cell cycle inhibitor p21 in cushion endocardial and mesenchymal cells in vivo. In vitro rescue experiments with HUVECs and pig aortic valve interstitial cells confirmed that β-catenin promoted cell proliferation by suppressing p21. In addition, one savvy negative observation is that β-catenin was dispensable for endocardial-to-mesenchymal fate change. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that β-catenin is essential for cell proliferation and migration but dispensable for endocardial cells to gain mesenchymal fate during endocardial cushion formation. Mechanistically, β-catenin promotes cell proliferation by suppressing p21. These findings inform the potential role of β-catenin in the etiology of congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Shan He
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuru Luo
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sonia Benkaci
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yidong Wang
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Genetics, Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine), and Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, The Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Jo MK, Moon CM, Jeon HJ, Han Y, Lee ES, Kwon JH, Yang KM, Ahn YH, Kim SE, Jung SA, Kim TI. Effect of aging on the formation and growth of colonic epithelial organoids by changes in cell cycle arrest through TGF-β-Smad3 signaling. Inflamm Regen 2023; 43:35. [PMID: 37438837 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-023-00282-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate how aging alters the homeostasis of the colonic intestinal epithelium and regeneration after tissue injury using organoid models and to identify its underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS To investigate aging-related changes in the colonic intestinal epithelium, we conducted organoid cultures from old (older than 80 weeks) and young (6-10 weeks) mice and compared the number and size of organoids at day 5 of passage 0 and the growth rate of organoids between the two groups. RESULTS The number and size of organoids from old mice was significantly lower than that from young mice (p < 0.0001) at day 5 of passage 0. The growth rate of old-mouse organoids from day 4 to 5 of passage 0 was significantly slower than that of young-mouse organoids (2.21 times vs. 1.16 times, p < 0.001). RNA sequencing showed that TGF-β- and cell cycle-associated genes were associated with the aging effect. With regard to mRNA and protein levels, Smad3 and p-Smad3 in the old-mouse organoids were markedly increased compared with those in the young-mouse organoids. Decreased expression of ID1, increased expression of p16INK4a, and increased cell cycle arrest were observed in the old mouse-organoids. Treatment with SB431542, a type I TGF-β receptor inhibitor, significantly increased the formation and growth of old-mouse organoids, and TGF-β1 treatment markedly suppressed the formation of young-mouse organoids. In the acute dextran sulfate sodium-colitis model and its organoid experiments, the colonic epithelial regeneration after tissue injury in old mice was significantly decreased compared with young mice. CONCLUSIONS Aging reduced the formation ability and growth rate of colonic epithelial organoids by increasing cell cycle arrest through TGF-β-Smad3-p16INK4a signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Mo Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerim Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Inflammation-Cancer Microenvironment Research Center, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 25, Magokdong-ro 2-gil, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Il Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Boxy P, Nykjær A, Kisiswa L. Building better brains: the pleiotropic function of neurotrophic factors in postnatal cerebellar development. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1181397. [PMID: 37251644 PMCID: PMC10213292 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1181397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The cerebellum is a multifunctional brain region that controls diverse motor and non-motor behaviors. As a result, impairments in the cerebellar architecture and circuitry lead to a vast array of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurotrophins and neurotrophic growth factors play essential roles in the development as well as maintenance of the central and peripheral nervous system which is crucial for normal brain function. Their timely expression throughout embryonic and postnatal stages is important for promoting growth and survival of both neurons and glial cells. During postnatal development, the cerebellum undergoes changes in its cellular organization, which is regulated by a variety of molecular factors, including neurotrophic factors. Studies have shown that these factors and their receptors promote proper formation of the cerebellar cytoarchitecture as well as maintenance of the cerebellar circuits. In this review, we will summarize what is known on the neurotrophic factors' role in cerebellar postnatal development and how their dysregulation assists in developing various neurological disorders. Understanding the expression patterns and signaling mechanisms of these factors and their receptors is crucial for elucidating their function within the cerebellum and for developing therapeutic strategies for cerebellar-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Boxy
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center, PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjær
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center, PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lilian Kisiswa
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience (DANDRITE)–Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation Center, PROMEMO, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Multiple Genetic Loci Associated with Pug Dog Thoracolumbar Myelopathy. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020385. [PMID: 36833311 PMCID: PMC9957375 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pug dogs with thoracolumbar myelopathy (PDM) present with a specific clinical phenotype that includes progressive pelvic limb ataxia and paresis, commonly accompanied by incontinence. Vertebral column malformations and lesions, excessive scar tissue of the meninges, and central nervous system inflammation have been described. PDM has a late onset and affects more male than female dogs. The breed-specific presentation of the disorder suggests that genetic risk factors are involved in the disease development. To perform a genome-wide search for PDM-associated loci, we applied a Bayesian model adapted for mapping complex traits (BayesR) and a cross-population extended haplotype homozygosity test (XP-EHH) in 51 affected and 38 control pugs. Nineteen associated loci (harboring 67 genes in total, including 34 potential candidate genes) and three candidate regions under selection (with four genes within or next to the signal) were identified. The multiple candidate genes identified have implicated functions in bone homeostasis, fibrotic scar tissue, inflammatory responses, or the formation, regulation, and differentiation of cartilage, suggesting the potential relevance of these processes to the pathogenesis of PDM.
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12
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Kantzer CG, Yang W, Grommisch D, Patil KV, Mak KHM, Shirokova V, Genander M. ID1 and CEBPA coordinate epidermal progenitor cell differentiation. Development 2022; 149:282464. [PMID: 36330928 PMCID: PMC9845743 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The regulatory circuits that coordinate epidermal differentiation during development are still not fully understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional regulator ID1 is enriched in mouse basal epidermal progenitor cells and find ID1 expression to be diminished upon differentiation. In utero silencing of Id1 impairs progenitor cell proliferation, leads to precocious delamination of targeted progenitor cells and enables differentiated keratinocytes to retain progenitor markers and characteristics. Transcriptional profiling suggests that ID1 acts by mediating adhesion to the basement membrane while inhibiting spinous layer differentiation. Co-immunoprecipitation reveals ID1 binding to transcriptional regulators of the class I bHLH family. We localize bHLH Tcf3, Tcf4 and Tcf12 to epidermal progenitor cells during epidermal stratification and establish TCF3 as a downstream effector of ID1-mediated epidermal proliferation. Finally, we identify crosstalk between CEBPA, a known mediator of epidermal differentiation, and Id1, and demonstrate that CEBPA antagonizes BMP-induced activation of Id1. Our work establishes ID1 as a key coordinator of epidermal development, acting to balance progenitor proliferation with differentiation and unveils how functional crosstalk between CEBPA and Id1 orchestrates epidermal lineage progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Grommisch
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Vikhe Patil
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kylie Hin-Man Mak
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vera Shirokova
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Genander
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden,Author for correspondence ()
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13
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Terán S, Ahumada F, Vergara F, Meza J, Zoroquiain P. OVOL1 immunohistochemical expression is a useful tool to diagnose invasion in ocular surface squamous neoplasms. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2022; 97:504-509. [PMID: 35787378 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OVOL1 is a gene that negatively regulates mesenchymal transformation, which allows epithelial cells to invade the stroma. On the other hand, it negatively regulates c-Myc, which has a positive effect on cell proliferation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of OVOL1 and c-Myc in ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN). PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional cohort study of 36 samples including 6 squamous papillomas, 19 conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms, 6 squamous carcinomas and 7 normal conjunctivae were evaluated using immunohistochemistry against OVOL1 and c-Myc. The expression of both markers was analysed using the H-score (intensity 1-3 multiplied by the percentage of positive cells). RESULTS Percentages of 98 and 100 of the OSSN, and 57 and 71% of the normal conjunctivae expressed OVOL1 and c-Myc respectively, however, the mean H-score of OVOL1 and c-Myc was higher in the OSSN than in normal conjunctivae group (P=0.0001 in both). Within the OSSN, OVOL1 demonstrated a higher H-score in the conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms and papilloma, compared to the squamous carcinoma (P<0.01) group. c-Myc did not show differences between the OSSN groups. An H-score lower than 35 differentiates a squamous cell carcinoma from other OSSN lesions with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 100%. CONCLUSIONS The expression of OVOL1 is a useful tool to differentiate between a squamous carcinoma of conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasms and papilloma. OVOL1 could play a role in the invasiveness of squamous neoplasms and places it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Terán
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Ahumada
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - F Vergara
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - J Meza
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - P Zoroquiain
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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14
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BMP3 inhibits TGFβ2-mediated myofibroblast differentiation during wound healing of the embryonic cornea. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:36. [PMID: 35879352 PMCID: PMC9314337 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00232-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Often acute damage to the cornea initiates drastic tissue remodeling, resulting in fibrotic scarring that disrupts light transmission and precedes vision impairment. Very little is known about the factors that can mitigate fibrosis and promote scar-free cornea wound healing. We previously described transient myofibroblast differentiation during non-fibrotic repair in an embryonic cornea injury model. Here, we sought to elucidate the mechanistic regulation of myofibroblast differentiation during embryonic cornea wound healing. We found that alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive myofibroblasts are superficial and their presence inversely correlates with wound closure. Expression of TGFβ2 and nuclear localization of pSMAD2 were elevated during myofibroblast induction. BMP3 and BMP7 were localized in the corneal epithelium and corresponded with pSMAD1/5/8 activation and absence of myofibroblasts in the healing stroma. In vitro analyses with corneal fibroblasts revealed that BMP3 inhibits the persistence of TGFβ2-induced myofibroblasts by promoting disassembly of focal adhesions and αSMA fibers. This was confirmed by the expression of vinculin and pFAK. Together, these data highlight a mechanism to inhibit myofibroblast persistence during cornea wound repair.
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15
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Yang M, Jin C, Cheng X, Liu T, Ji Y, Meng F, Han X, Liang Q, Cao X, Huang L, Du X, Zeng X, Bu G. Corticosterone triggers anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects, and downregulates the ACVR1-SMAD1-ID3 cascade in chicken ovarian prehierarchical, but not preovulatory granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 552:111675. [PMID: 35577112 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The coordinated proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells plays a critical role in follicular development. To identify the exact mechanisms of how stress-driven glucocorticoid production suppresses reproduction, granulosa cells were isolated from chicken follicles at different developmental stages and then treated with corticosterone. Using CCK-8, EDU and TUNEL assays, we showed that corticosterone could trigger both anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in granulosa cells from 6 to 8 mm follicles only, while depicting no influence on granulosa cells from any preovulatory follicles. High-throughput transcriptomic analysis identified 1362 transcripts showing differential expression profiles in granulosa cells from 6 to 8 mm follicles after corticosterone treatment. Interestingly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis revealed that 17 genes were enriched in the TGF-β signaling pathway, and 13 showed differential expression patterns consistent with corticosterone-induced effects. The differential expression profiles of these 13 genes were examined by quantitative real-time PCR in cultured chicken ovarian granulosa cells at diverse developmental stages following corticosterone challenge for a short (8 h) or long period (24 h). After 24 h of treatment, INHBB, FST, FMOD, NOG, ACVR1, SMAD1 and ID3 were the genes that responded consistently with corticosterone-induced proliferative and apoptotic events in all granulosa cells detected. However, only ACVR1, SMAD1 and ID3 could initiate coincident expression patterns after being treated for 8 h, suggesting their significance in corticosterone-mediated actions. Collectively, these findings indicate that corticosterone can inhibit proliferation and cause apoptosis in chicken ovarian prehierarchical, but not preovulatory granulosa cells, through impeding ACVR1-SMAD1-ID3 signaling presumptively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Chenchen Jin
- Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xinyue Cheng
- Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Tuoyuan Liu
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Yu Ji
- Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Liang
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Linyan Huang
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China.
| | - Guixian Bu
- Isotope Research Laboratory, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China; Department of Bio-engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, PR China.
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16
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Chen B, Mu C, Zhang Z, He X, Liu X. The Love-Hate Relationship Between TGF-β Signaling and the Immune System During Development and Tumorigenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:891268. [PMID: 35720407 PMCID: PMC9204485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.891268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since TGF-β was recognized as an essential secreted cytokine in embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis a decade ago, our knowledge of the role of TGF-β in mammalian development and disease, particularly cancer, has constantly been updated. Mounting evidence has confirmed that TGF-β is the principal regulator of the immune system, as deprivation of TGF-β signaling completely abrogates adaptive immunity. However, enhancing TGF-β signaling constrains the immune response through multiple mechanisms, including boosting Treg cell differentiation and inducing CD8+ T-cell apoptosis in the disease context. The love-hate relationship between TGF-β signaling and the immune system makes it challenging to develop effective monotherapies targeting TGF-β, especially for cancer treatment. Nonetheless, recent work on combination therapies of TGF-β inhibition and immunotherapy have provide insights into the development of TGF-β-targeted therapies, with favorable outcomes in patients with advanced cancer. Hence, we summarize the entanglement between TGF-β and the immune system in the developmental and tumor contexts and recent progress on hijacking crucial TGF-β signaling pathways as an emerging area of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baode Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical In Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Mu
- Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), Zhejiang University (ZJU)-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), Zhejiang University (ZJU)-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuelin He
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute for Intelligent Bio/Chem Manufacturing (iBCM), Zhejiang University (ZJU)-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Xiang Q, Zhao Y, Lin J, Jiang S, Li W. Epigenetic modifications in spinal ligament aging. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101598. [PMID: 35218968 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spinal stenosis is a common degenerative spine disorder in the aged population and the spinal ligament aging is a main contributor to this chronic disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of spinal ligament aging remain unclear. Epigenetics is the study of heritable and reversible changes in the function of a gene or genome that occur without any alteration in the primary DNA sequence. Epigenetic alterations have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in age-related diseases and conditions, and they are recently studied as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the field of cancer research. The main epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation alteration, histone modifications as well as dysregulated noncoding RNA modulation, have all been implicated in spinal ligament aging diseases. DNA methylation modulates the expression of critical genes including WNT5A, GDNF, ACSM5, miR-497 and miR-195 during spinal ligament degeneration. Histone modifications widely affect gene expression and obvious histone modification abnormalities have been found in spinal ligament aging. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) exert crucial regulating effects on spinal ligament aging conditions via targeting various osteogenic or fibrogenic differentiation related genes. To our knowledge, there is no systematic review yet to summarize the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms of spinal ligament aging in degenerative spinal diseases. In this study, we systematically discussed the different epigenetic modifications and their potential functions in spinal ligament aging process.
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18
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OVOL1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion by enhancing the degradation of TGF-β type I receptor. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:126. [PMID: 35484112 PMCID: PMC9050647 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovo-like transcriptional repressor 1 (OVOL1) is a key mediator of epithelial lineage determination and mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). The cytokines transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) control the epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) of cancer cells, but whether this occurs through interplay with OVOL1 is not known. Here, we show that OVOL1 is inversely correlated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, and is an indicator of a favorable prognosis for breast cancer patients. OVOL1 suppresses EMT, migration, extravasation, and early metastatic events of breast cancer cells. Importantly, BMP strongly promotes the expression of OVOL1, which enhances BMP signaling in turn. This positive feedback loop is established through the inhibition of TGF-β receptor signaling by OVOL1. Mechanistically, OVOL1 interacts with and prevents the ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD family member 7 (SMAD7), which is a negative regulator of TGF-β type I receptor stability. Moreover, a small-molecule compound 6-formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ) was identified to activate OVOL1 expression and thereby antagonizing (at least in part) TGF-β-mediated EMT and migration in breast cancer cells. Our results uncover a novel mechanism by which OVOL1 attenuates TGF-β/SMAD signaling and maintains the epithelial identity of breast cancer cells.
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19
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Tsubakihara Y, Ohata Y, Okita Y, Younis S, Eriksson J, Sellin ME, Ren J, Ten Dijke P, Miyazono K, Hikita A, Imamura T, Kato M, Heldin CH, Moustakas A. TGFβ selects for pro-stemness over pro-invasive phenotypes during cancer cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2330-2354. [PMID: 35348275 PMCID: PMC9208077 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which correlates with stemness and invasiveness. Mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) is induced by TGFβ withdrawal and correlates with metastatic colonization. Whether TGFβ promotes stemness and invasiveness simultaneously via EMT remains unclear. We established a breast cancer cell model expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) under the E-cadherin promoter. In 2D cultures, TGFβ induced EMT, generating RFPlow cells with a mesenchymal transcriptome, and regained RFP, with an epithelial transcriptome, after MET induced by TGFβ withdrawal. RFPlow cells generated robust mammospheres, with epithelio-mesenchymal cell surface features. Mammospheres that were forced to adhere generated migratory cells, devoid of RFP, a phenotype which was inhibited by a TGFβ receptor kinase inhibitor. Further stimulation of RFPlow mammospheres with TGFβ suppressed the generation of motile cells, but enhanced mammosphere growth. Accordingly, mammary fat-pad-transplanted mammospheres, in the absence of exogenous TGFβ treatment, established lung metastases with evident MET (RFPhigh cells). In contrast, TGFβ-treated mammospheres revealed high tumor-initiating capacity, but limited metastatic potential. Thus, the biological context of partial EMT and MET allows TGFβ to differentiate between pro-stemness and pro-invasive phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Tsubakihara
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Dept. of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yae Ohata
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yukari Okita
- Dept. of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shady Younis
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden.,Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mikael E Sellin
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiang Ren
- Dept. of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Dept. of Cell and Chemical Biology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Dept. of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Hikita
- Div. of Tissue Engineering, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Mitsuyasu Kato
- Dept. of Experimental Pathology and Transborder Medical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Aristidis Moustakas
- Dept. of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Science for Life Laboratory, Box 582, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, SE-75123, Uppsala, Sweden
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20
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Togni C, Rom E, Burghardt I, Roth P, Rushing EJ, Weller M, Gramatzki D. Prognostic Relevance of Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Expression and Signaling in Glioblastoma, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2022; 81:225-235. [PMID: 35190826 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway has been recognized as a major factor in promoting the aggressive behavior of glioblastoma, isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype. However, there is little knowledge about the expression of TGF-β receptors in glioblastoma. Here, we studied the expression patterns of TGF-β receptor II (TGFβRII), type I receptors activin receptor-like kinase (ALK)-5, and ALK-1, as well as of the transcriptional regulators inhibitor of differentiation (Id) 2, Id3, and Id4 in human glioblastoma. The expression of TGFβRII, ALK-5, and ALK-1 varied greatly, with TGFβRII and ALK-5 being the most abundant and ALK-1 being the least expressed receptor. None of the 3 receptors was preferentially expressed by tumor vasculature as opposed to the tumor bulk, indicating tumor bulk-governed mechanisms of TGF-β signaling with regard to glioblastoma-associated angiogenesis. A positive correlation was found between ALK-1 and Id2, suggesting that Id2, broadly expressed in the tumor cells, is a downstream target of this receptor-dependent pathway. Furthermore, there was a trend for high expression of ALK-5 or Id2 to be associated with inferior overall survival. Hence, we propose that ALK-5 may be used for patient stratification in future anti-TGF-β treatment trials and that Id2 might be a potential target for anti-TGF-β interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Togni
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Rom
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabel Burghardt
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Roth
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth J Rushing
- Department of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weller
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dorothee Gramatzki
- From the Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Cho K, Kim NH, Seo SH, Song SH, Jeong CH, Kim HS, Um JE, Ku M, Yang J, Park JY, Ahn SH, Yook JI, Kim SU. A micellized bone morphogenetic protein-7 prodrug ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing transforming growth factor- β signaling. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:763-778. [PMID: 35261800 PMCID: PMC8900005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) antagonizes transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), which is critically involved in liver fibrogenesis. Here, we designed a micelle formulation consisting of a protein transduction domain (PTD) fused BMP-7 polypeptide (mPTD-BMP-7) to enhance endocytic delivery, and investigated its ability to ameliorate liver fibrosis. The mPTD-BMP-7 formulation was efficiently delivered into cells via endocytosis, where it inhibited TGF-β mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. After successfully demonstrating delivery of fluorescently labeled mPTD-BMP-7 into the murine liver in vivo, we tested the mPTD-BMP-7 formulation in a murine liver fibrosis model, developed by repeated intraperitoneal injection of hepatotoxic carbon tetrachloride, twice weekly from 4 to 16 weeks. mPTD-BMP-7 effects were tested by injecting the mPTD-BMP-7 formulation (or vehicle control) into the lateral tail at a dose of 50 (n=8) or 500 μg/kg (n=10), also twice per week from 4 to 16 weeks. Vehicle-treated control mice developed fibrous septa surrounding the liver parenchyma and marked portal-to-portal bridging with occasional nodules, whereas mice treated with mPTD-BMP-7 showed only fibrous expansion of some portal areas, with or without short fibrous septa. Using the Ishak scoring system, we found that the fibrotic burden was significantly lower in mPTD-BMP-7 treated mice than in control mice (all P<0.001). Treatment with mPTD-BMP-7 protected tight junctions between hepatocytes and reduced extracellular matrix protein levels. It also significantly decreased mRNA levels of collagen 1A, smooth muscle α-actin, and connective tissue growth factor compared with that in control mice (all P<0.001). Collectively, out results indicate that mPTD-BMP-7, a prodrug formulation of BMP-7, ameliorates liver fibrosis by suppressing the TGF-β signaling pathway in a murine liver fibrosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungjoo Cho
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Seo
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Song
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - Chul Hee Jeong
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | | | - Minhee Ku
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Convergence Research Center for Systems Molecular Radiological Science, Yonsei UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of DentistrySeoul, Korea
- MET Life Sciences LtdSeoul, Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance HospitalSeoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of MedicineSeoul, Korea
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22
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Leng S, Zhang X, Li X, Wang S, Peng J. Lineage tracing reveals the dynamic contribution of Id2+ progenitor cells to branching morphogenesis. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:67-77. [PMID: 35018833 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is an important process in shaping the arborized structures of several organs. However, the driving force that directs this process from progenitor pools remains incompletely understood. In this lineage tracing study, we investigated the role of Id2+ embryonic progenitor cells in branching organs such as the pancreas, kidney, mammary gland, thyroid gland, and salivary gland. We found that a subset of Id2+ distal progenitor cells in the embryonic pancreas and kidney can give rise to multiple lineages of progeny cells during branching morphogenesis. Id2-labelled cells also supported the postnatal development of the mammary glands. However, Id2+ cells did not contribute to the development of the salivary and thyroid glands. We found the Id2+ cells located in the tip progenitor pools of pancreas and kidney have self-renewal potential and contribute descendents to multiple epithelial cell lineages. Our findings enrich the current model of distal progenitor pools driving branching morphogenesis and provide a new marker to investigate the regularity of branching in these organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiu Leng
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Department of Hematology, Jinan, China, 250012;
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Department of Hematology, Jinan, China;
| | - Xin Li
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Jinan, China, 250012;
| | - Shuwen Wang
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Department of Hematology, Jinan, China, 250012;
| | - Jun Peng
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Department of Hematology, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong University Qilu Hospital, 91623, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Jinan, Shandong, China;
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23
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Olfactory Receptor OR7A17 Expression Correlates with All- Trans Retinoic Acid (ATRA)-Induced Suppression of Proliferation in Human Keratinocyte Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212304. [PMID: 34830183 PMCID: PMC8623719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory receptors (ORs), which belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor family, have been widely studied as ectopically expressed receptors in various human tissues, including the skin. However, the physiological functions of only a few OR types have been elucidated in skin cells. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a well-known medication for various skin diseases. However, many studies have shown that ATRA can have adverse effects, resulting from the suppression of cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the involvement of OR7A17 in the ATRA-induced suppression of human keratinocyte (HaCaT) proliferation. We demonstrated that OR7A17 is expressed in HaCaT keratinocytes, and its expression was downregulated by ATRA. The ATRA-induced downregulation of OR7A17 was attenuated via RAR α or RAR γ antagonist treatment, indicating that the effects of ATRA on OR7A17 expression were mediated through nuclear retinoic acid receptor signaling. Moreover, we found that the overexpression of OR7A17 induced the proliferation of HaCaT cells while counteracting the antiproliferative effect of ATRA. Mechanistically, OR7A17 overexpression reversed the ATRA-induced attenuation of Ca2+ entry. Our findings indicated that ATRA suppresses cell proliferation through the downregulation of OR7A17 via RAR α- and γ-mediated retinoid signaling. Taken together, OR7A17 is a potential therapeutic target for ameliorating the anti-proliferative effects of ATRA.
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24
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Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. Insights into Bone Morphogenetic Protein-(BMP-) Signaling in Ocular Lens Biology and Pathology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102604. [PMID: 34685584 PMCID: PMC8533954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a diverse class of growth factors that belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily. Although originally discovered to possess osteogenic properties, BMPs have since been identified as critical regulators of many biological processes, including cell-fate determination, cell proliferation, differentiation and morphogenesis, throughout the body. In the ocular lens, BMPs are important in orchestrating fundamental developmental processes such as induction of lens morphogenesis, and specialized differentiation of its fiber cells. Moreover, BMPs have been reported to facilitate regeneration of the lens, as well as abrogate pathological processes such as TGFβ-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. In this review, we summarize recent insights in this topic and discuss the complexities of BMP-signaling including the role of individual BMP ligands, receptors, extracellular antagonists and cross-talk between canonical and non-canonical BMP-signaling cascades in the lens. By understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying BMP activity, we can advance their potential therapeutic role in cataract prevention and lens regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Y. Shu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9351-5170
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25
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Yu M, Kyryachenko S, Debette S, Amouyel P, Schott JJ, Le Tourneau T, Dina C, Norris RA, Hagège AA, Jeunemaitre X, Bouatia-Naji N. Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Supports Genes Involved in Valve and Cardiac Development to Associate With Mitral Valve Prolapse. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003148. [PMID: 34461747 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common cardiac valve disease, which affects 1 in 40 in the general population. Previous genome-wide association study has identified 6 risk loci for MVP. But these loci explained only partially the genetic risk for MVP. We aim to identify additional risk loci for MVP by adding data set from the UK Biobank. METHODS We also incorporated 434 MVP cases and 4527 controls from the UK Biobank for discovery analyses. Genetic association was conducted using SNPTEST and meta-analyses using METAL. We used Functional Mapping and Annotation of Genome-Wide Association Studies for post-genome-wide association study annotations and Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation for gene-based and gene-set analyses. RESULTS We found Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine imputation to perform better in terms of accuracy in the lower ranges of minor allele frequency below 0.1. Our updated meta-analysis included UK Biobank study for ≈8 million common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (minor allele frequency >0.01) and replicated the association on Chr2 as the top association signal near TNS1. We identified an additional risk locus on Chr1 (SYT2) and 2 suggestive risk loci on chr8 (MSRA) and chr19 (FBXO46), all driven by common variants. Gene-based association using Multi-marker Analysis of GenoMic Annotation revealed 6 risk genes for MVP with pronounced expression levels in cardiovascular tissues, especially the heart and globally part of enriched GO terms related to cardiac development. CONCLUSIONS We report an updated meta-analysis genome-wide association study for MVP using dense imputation coverage and an improved case-control sample. We describe several loci and genes with MVP spanning biological mechanisms highly relevant to MVP, especially during valve and heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yu
- PARCC, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France (M.Y., S.K., X.J., N.B.-N.)
| | - Sergiy Kyryachenko
- PARCC, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France (M.Y., S.K., X.J., N.B.-N.)
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Inserm Center U1219, University of Bordeaux, France (S.D.).,Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Inserm U1219, France (S.D.)
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Labex DISTALZ - Risk Factors and Molecular Determinants of Aging-Related Disease, Lille, France (P.A.)
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, France (J.-J.S., T.L.T., C.D.)
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, France (J.-J.S., T.L.T., C.D.)
| | - Christian Dina
- Université de Nantes, INSERM, CNRS, CHU Nantes, l'institut du thorax, F-44000, France (J.-J.S., T.L.T., C.D.)
| | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology (R.A.N.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Medicine (R.A.N.), Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Albert A Hagège
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, France (A.A.H.)
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- PARCC, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France (M.Y., S.K., X.J., N.B.-N.)
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- PARCC, Inserm, Université de Paris, F-75015, Paris, France (M.Y., S.K., X.J., N.B.-N.)
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26
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Loss of ID3 drives papillary thyroid cancer metastasis by targeting E47-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:226. [PMID: 34462424 PMCID: PMC8405699 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00614-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the main histological type of thyroid cancer and accounts for almost all increased cases worldwide. Patients with PTC exhibit a favorable prognosis, but the fact that PTC is often accompanied by a high prevalence of lymph node metastasis (LNM) means that the overall recurrence-free survival rate in PTC patients is relatively low. Herein, we identified that ID3 expression is subdued in PTC tissues and closely associated with LNM and a poor disease-free survival outcome in PTC patients. The main contributor to this gene repression is the hypermethylation of the CpG island at the promoter of ID3. Besides, we uncovered that a loss of ID3 promotes invasion and migration of PTC cells, while an ectopic overexpression of ID3 inhibits invasion and migration. Mechanistically, ID3 exhibits tumor suppressor functions in PTC cells by interacting with E47 to form heterodimers that prevent E47 binding to CDH1 promoter and maintaining CDH1 transcription and epithelial phenotype in PTC cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that ID3 plays a tumor suppressor role in PTC and impedes metastasis by inhibiting E47-mediated epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
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27
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Yin S, Xi R, Wu A, Wang S, Li Y, Wang C, Tang L, Xia Y, Yang D, Li J, Ye B, Yu Y, Wang J, Zhang H, Ren F, Zhang Y, Shen D, Wang L, Ying X, Li Z, Bu Z, Ji X, Gao X, Jia Y, Jia Z, Li N, Li Z, Ji JF, Xi JJ. Patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters for drug testing in cancer therapy. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/549/eaaz1723. [PMID: 32581131 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz1723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several patient-derived tumor models emerged recently as robust preclinical drug-testing platforms. However, their potential to guide clinical therapy remained unclear. Here, we report a model called patient-derived tumor-like cell clusters (PTCs). PTCs result from the self-assembly and proliferation of primary epithelial, fibroblast, and immune cells, which structurally and functionally recapitulate original tumors. PTCs enabled us to accomplish personalized drug testing within 2 weeks after obtaining the tumor samples. The defined culture conditions and drug concentrations in the PTC model facilitate its clinical application in precision oncology. PTC tests of 59 patients with gastric, colorectal, or breast cancers revealed an overall accuracy of 93% in predicting their clinical outcomes. We implemented PTC to guide chemotherapy selection for a patient with mucinous rectal adenocarcinoma who experienced recurrence with metastases after conventional therapy. After three cycles of a nonconventional therapy identified by the PTC, the patient showed a positive response. These findings need to be validated in larger clinical trials, but they suggest that the PTC model could be prospectively implemented in clinical decision-making for therapy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ruibin Xi
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Department of Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aiwen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shu Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chaobin Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchao Xia
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Center for Statistical Science and Department of Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Buqing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ying Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hanshuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,GeneX Health Co. Ltd., Beijing 100195, China
| | - Fei Ren
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Danhua Shen
- Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangji Ying
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhongwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhaode Bu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiangyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yongning Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Fu Ji
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianzhong Jeff Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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28
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CloneSeq: A highly sensitive analysis platform for the characterization of 3D-cultured single-cell-derived clones. Dev Cell 2021; 56:1804-1817.e7. [PMID: 34010629 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell assays have revealed the importance of heterogeneity in many biological systems. However, limited sensitivity is a major hurdle for uncovering cellular variation. To overcome it, we developed CloneSeq, combining clonal expansion inside 3D hydrogel spheres and droplet-based RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). We show that clonal cells maintain similar transcriptional profiles and cell states. CloneSeq of lung cancer cells revealed cancer-specific subpopulations, including cancer stem-like cells, that were not revealed by scRNA-seq. Clonal expansion within 3D soft microenvironments supported cellular stemness of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) even without pluripotent media, and it improved epigenetic reprogramming efficiency of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. CloneSeq of ESCs revealed that the differentiation decision is made early during Oct4 downregulation and is maintained during early clonal expansion. Together, we show CloneSeq can be adapted to different biological systems to discover rare subpopulations by leveraging the enhanced sensitivity within clones.
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29
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Mishra S, Taelman J, Popovic M, Tilleman L, Duthoo E, van der Jeught M, Deforce D, van Nieuwerburgh F, Menten B, de Sutter P, Boel A, Chuva De Sousa Lopes SM, Heindryckx B. Activin A-derived human embryonic stem cells show increased competence to differentiate into primordial germ cell-like cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:551-563. [PMID: 33470497 PMCID: PMC8248136 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protocols for specifying human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remain hindered by differences between hESC lines, their derivation methods, and maintenance culture conditions. This poses significant challenges for establishing reproducible in vitro models of human gametogenesis. Here, we investigated the influence of activin A (ActA) during derivation and maintenance on the propensity of hESCs to differentiate into PGCLCs. We show that continuous ActA supplementation during hESC derivation (from blastocyst until the formation of the post-inner cell mass intermediate [PICMI]) and supplementation (from the first passage of the PICMI onwards) is beneficial to differentiate hESCs to PGCLCs subsequently. Moreover, comparing isogenic primed and naïve states prior to differentiation, we showed that conversion of hESCs to the 4i-state improves differentiation to (TNAP [tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase]+/PDPN [podoplanin]+) PGCLCs. Those PGCLCs expressed several germ cell markers, including TFAP2C (transcription factor AP-2 gamma), SOX17 (SRY-box transcription factor 17), and NANOS3 (nanos C2HC-type zinc finger 3), and markers associated with germ cell migration, CXCR4 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4), LAMA4 (laminin subunit alpha 4), ITGA6 (integrin subunit alpha 6), and CDH4 (cadherin 4), suggesting that the large numbers of PGCLCs obtained may be suitable to differentiate further into more mature germ cells. Finally, hESCs derived in the presence of ActA showed higher competence to differentiate to hPGCLC, in particular if transiently converted to the 4i-state. Our work provides insights into the differences in differentiation propensity of hESCs and delivers an optimized protocol to support efficient human germ cell derivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Mishra
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Jasin Taelman
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Mina Popovic
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Evi Duthoo
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Margot van der Jeught
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Dieter Deforce
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Filip van Nieuwerburgh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Björn Menten
- Department of Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, Center for Medical GeneticsGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Petra de Sutter
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Annekatrien Boel
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
| | - Susana M. Chuva De Sousa Lopes
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Björn Heindryckx
- Ghent‐Fertility and Stem cell Team (G‐FAST), Department of Reproductive MedicineGhent University HospitalGhentBelgium
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Sinha A, Iyengar PV, ten Dijke P. E3 Ubiquitin Ligases: Key Regulators of TGFβ Signaling in Cancer Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E476. [PMID: 33418880 PMCID: PMC7825147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a secreted growth and differentiation factor that influences vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, motility, and apoptosis. Regulation of the TGFβ signaling pathway is of key importance to maintain tissue homeostasis. Perturbation of this signaling pathway has been implicated in a plethora of diseases, including cancer. The effect of TGFβ is dependent on cellular context, and TGFβ can perform both anti- and pro-oncogenic roles. TGFβ acts by binding to specific cell surface TGFβ type I and type II transmembrane receptors that are endowed with serine/threonine kinase activity. Upon ligand-induced receptor phosphorylation, SMAD proteins and other intracellular effectors become activated and mediate biological responses. The levels, localization, and function of TGFβ signaling mediators, regulators, and effectors are highly dynamic and regulated by a myriad of post-translational modifications. One such crucial modification is ubiquitination. The ubiquitin modification is also a mechanism by which crosstalk with other signaling pathways is achieved. Crucial effector components of the ubiquitination cascade include the very diverse family of E3 ubiquitin ligases. This review summarizes the diverse roles of E3 ligases that act on TGFβ receptor and intracellular signaling components. E3 ligases regulate TGFβ signaling both positively and negatively by regulating degradation of receptors and various signaling intermediates. We also highlight the function of E3 ligases in connection with TGFβ's dual role during tumorigenesis. We conclude with a perspective on the emerging possibility of defining E3 ligases as drug targets and how they may be used to selectively target TGFβ-induced pro-oncogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology and Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands; (A.S.); (P.V.I.)
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31
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Gupta S, Martin LM, Sinha NR, Smith KE, Sinha PR, Dailey EM, Hesemann NP, Mohan RR. Role of inhibitor of differentiation 3 gene in cellular differentiation of human corneal stromal fibroblasts. Mol Vis 2020; 26:742-756. [PMID: 33273801 PMCID: PMC7700910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inhibitor of differentiation (Id) proteins are helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional repressors that modulate a range of developmental and cellular processes, including cell differentiation and cell cycle mobilization. The inhibitor of differentiation 3 (Id3) gene, a member of the Id gene family, governs the expression and progression of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ)-mediated cell differentiation. In the face of mechanical, chemical, or surgical corneal insults, corneal keratocytes differentiate into myofibroblasts for wound repair. Excessive development or persistence or both of myofibroblasts after wound repair results in corneal haze that compromises corneal clarity and visual function. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Id3 overexpression in human corneal stromal fibroblasts governs TGFβ-driven cellular differentiation and inhibits keratocyte to myofibroblast transformation. Methods Primary human corneal stromal fibroblast (h-CSF) cultures were generated from donor human corneas. Human corneal myofibroblasts (h-CMFs) were produced by growing h-CSF in the presence of TGFβ1 under serum-free conditions. The Id3 gene was cloned into a mammalian expression vector (pcDNA3 mCherry LIC cloning vector), and the nucleotide sequence of the vector constructs was confirmed with sequencing as well as through restriction enzyme analysis. The Id3 mammalian overexpression vector was introduced into h-CSFs using a lipofectamine transfection kit. The expression of Id3 in selected clones was characterized with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunocytochemistry, and western blotting. Phase contrast microscopy and trypan blue exclusion assays were used to evaluate the effects of the transfer of the Id3 gene on the hCSF phenotype and viability, respectively. To analyze the inhibitory effects of the Id3 gene transfer on TGFβ-induced formation of h-CMFs, expression of the mRNA and protein of the myofibroblast marker alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was examined with qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. Student t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni adjustment for repeated measures were used for statistical analysis. Results The results indicate that Id3 overexpression does not alter the cellular phenotype or viability of h-CSFs. Overexpression of the Id3 gene in h-CSF cells grown in the presence of TGFβ1 under serum-free conditions showed a statistically significant decrease (76.3±4.3%) in α-SMA expression (p<0.01) compared to the naked-vector transfected or non-transfected h-CSF cells. Id3-transfected, naked-vector transfected, and non-transfected h-CSF cells grown in the absence of TGFβ1 showed the expected low expression of α-SMA (0-5%). Furthermore, Id3 overexpression statistically significantly decreased TGFβ-induced mRNA levels of profibrogenic genes such as fibronectin, collagen type I, and collagen type IV (1.80±0.26-, 1.70±0.35- and 1.70±0.36-fold, respectively; p<0.05) that a play role in stromal matrix modulation and corneal wound healing. Results of the protein analysis with western blotting indicated that Id3 overexpression in h-CSF cells effectively slows TGFβ-driven differentiation and formation of h-CMFs. Results for subsequent overexpression studies showed that this process occurs through the regulation of E2A, a TATA box protein. Conclusions Id3 regulates TGFβ-driven differentiation of h-CSFs and formation of h-CMFs in vitro. Targeted Id3 gene delivery has potential to treat corneal fibrosis and reestablish corneal clarity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Lynn M. Martin
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Nishant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Kaitlin E. Smith
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Prashant R. Sinha
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Emilee M. Dailey
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Nathan P. Hesemann
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO
- One-Health Vision Research Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine & Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO
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Lu T, Mar JC. Investigating transcriptome-wide sex dimorphism by multi-level analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data in ten mouse cell types. Biol Sex Differ 2020; 11:61. [PMID: 33153500 PMCID: PMC7643324 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-020-00335-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is a long established fact that sex is an important factor that influences the transcriptional regulatory processes of an organism. However, understanding sex-based differences in gene expression has been limited because existing studies typically sequence and analyze bulk tissue from female or male individuals. Such analyses average cell-specific gene expression levels where cell-to-cell variation can easily be concealed. We therefore sought to utilize data generated by the rapidly developing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology to explore sex dimorphism and its functional consequences at the single cell level. METHODS Our study included scRNA-seq data of ten well-defined cell types from the brain and heart of female and male young adult mice in the publicly available tissue atlas dataset, Tabula Muris. We combined standard differential expression analysis with the identification of differential distributions in single cell transcriptomes to test for sex-based gene expression differences in each cell type. The marker genes that had sex-specific inter-cellular changes in gene expression formed the basis for further characterization of the cellular functions that were differentially regulated between the female and male cells. We also inferred activities of transcription factor-driven gene regulatory networks by leveraging knowledge of multidimensional protein-to-genome and protein-to-protein interactions and analyzed pathways that were potential modulators of sex differentiation and dimorphism. RESULTS For each cell type in this study, we identified marker genes with significantly different mean expression levels or inter-cellular distribution characteristics between female and male cells. These marker genes were enriched in pathways that were closely related to the biological functions of each cell type. We also identified sub-cell types that possibly carry out distinct biological functions that displayed discrepancies between female and male cells. Additionally, we found that while genes under differential transcriptional regulation exhibited strong cell type specificity, six core transcription factor families responsible for most sex-dimorphic transcriptional regulation activities were conserved across the cell types, including ASCL2, EGR, GABPA, KLF/SP, RXRα, and ZF. CONCLUSIONS We explored novel gene expression-based biomarkers, functional cell group compositions, and transcriptional regulatory networks associated with sex dimorphism with a novel computational pipeline. Our findings indicated that sex dimorphism might be widespread across the transcriptomes of cell types, cell type-specific, and impactful for regulating cellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Lu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Quantitative Life Sciences Program, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0G4, Canada
| | - Jessica C Mar
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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The Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibitor Vardenafil Improves the Activation of BMP Signaling in Response to Hydrogen Peroxide. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2020; 34:41-52. [PMID: 32096002 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-020-06939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pleiotropic roles of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5is) in cardiovascular diseases have attracted attention. The effect of vardenafil (a PDE5i) is partly mediated through reduced oxidative stress, but it is unclear whether vardenafil protects against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced endothelial cell injury, and the molecular mechanisms that are involved remain unknown. We determined the protective role of vardenafil on H2O2-induced endothelial cell injury in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). METHODS AND RESULTS Vardenafil decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, increased the Bcl2/Bax ratio, and ameliorated the numbers of BrdU-positive cells in H2O2-treated HUVECs. The bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)/p-Smad/MSX2 pathway was enhanced in response to H2O2, and vardenafil treatment could normalize this pathway. To determine whether the BMP pathway is involved, we blocked the BMP pathway using dorsomorphin, which abolished the protective effects of vardenafil. We found that vardenafil improved the H2O2-induced downregulation of BMP-binding endothelial regulator protein (BMPER), which possibly intersects with the BMP pathway in the regulation of endothelial cell injury in response to oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that exogenous H2O2 activates BMPR expression and promotes Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation. Additionally, vardenafil can attenuate H2O2-induced endothelial cell injury in HUVECs. Vardenafil decreases apoptosis through an improved Bcl-2/Bax ratio and increases cell proliferation. Vardenafil protects against endothelial cell injury through ameliorating the intracellular oxidative stress level and BMPER expression. The protective role of vardenafil on H2O2-induced endothelial cell injury is mediated through BMPR/p-Smad/MSX2 in HUVECs.
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Saxena K, Srikrishnan S, Celia-Terrassa T, Jolly MK. OVOL1/2: Drivers of Epithelial Differentiation in Development, Disease, and Reprogramming. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 211:183-192. [PMID: 32932250 DOI: 10.1159/000511383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OVOL proteins (OVOL1 and OVOL2), vertebrate homologs of Drosophila OVO, are critical regulators of epithelial lineage determination and differentiation during embryonic development in tissues such as kidney, skin, mammary epithelia, and testis. OVOL can inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition and/or can promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Moreover, they can regulate the stemness of cancer cells, thus playing an important role during cancer cell metastasis. Due to their central role in differentiation and maintenance of epithelial lineage, OVOL overexpression has been shown to be capable of reprogramming fibroblasts to epithelial cells. Here, we review the roles of OVOL-mediated epithelial differentiation across multiple contexts, including embryonic development, cancer progression, and cellular reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Saxena
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Toni Celia-Terrassa
- Cancer Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India,
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The TGFB2-AS1 lncRNA Regulates TGF-β Signaling by Modulating Corepressor Activity. Cell Rep 2020; 28:3182-3198.e11. [PMID: 31533040 PMCID: PMC6859500 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular processes involving lncRNAs regulate cell function. By applying transcriptomics, we identify lncRNAs whose expression is regulated by transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). Upon silencing individual lncRNAs, we identify several that regulate TGF-β signaling. Among these lncRNAs, TGFB2-antisense RNA1 (TGFB2-AS1) is induced by TGF-β through Smad and protein kinase pathways and resides in the nucleus. Depleting TGFB2-AS1 enhances TGF-β/Smad-mediated transcription and expression of hallmark TGF-β-target genes. Increased dose of TGFB2-AS1 reduces expression of these genes, attenuates TGF-β-induced cell growth arrest, and alters BMP and Wnt pathway gene profiles. Mechanistically, TGFB2-AS1, mainly via its 3′ terminal region, binds to the EED adaptor of the Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2), promoting repressive histone H3K27me3 modifications at TGF-β-target gene promoters. Silencing EED or inhibiting PRC2 methylation activity partially rescues TGFB2-AS1-mediated gene repression. Thus, the TGF-β-induced TGFB2-AS1 lncRNA exerts inhibitory functions on TGF-β/BMP signaling output, supporting auto-regulatory negative feedback that balances TGF-β/BMP-mediated responses. TGF-β signaling transcriptionally regulates lncRNAs that regulate TGF-β signaling TGFB2-AS1 is induced by TGF-β to negatively regulate Smad transcriptional output TGFB2-AS1 associates with EED, the Polycomb repressor complex 2 adaptor TGFB2-AS1 promotes repressive histone modifications at TGF-β-target genes
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Zabala M, Lobo NA, Antony J, Heitink LS, Gulati GS, Lam J, Parashurama N, Sanchez K, Adorno M, Sikandar SS, Kuo AH, Qian D, Kalisky T, Sim S, Li L, Dirbas FM, Somlo G, Newman A, Quake SR, Clarke MF. LEFTY1 Is a Dual-SMAD Inhibitor that Promotes Mammary Progenitor Growth and Tumorigenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 27:284-299.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bridgewater HE, Date KL, O’Neil JD, Hu C, Arrand JR, Dawson CW, Young LS. The Epstein-Barr Virus-Encoded EBNA1 Protein Activates the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP) Signalling Pathway to Promote Carcinoma Cell Migration. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070594. [PMID: 32708289 PMCID: PMC7400503 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein is expressed in all virus-associated malignancies, where it performs an essential role in the maintenance, replication and transcription of the EBV genome. In recent years, it has become apparent that EBNA1 can also influence cellular gene transcription. Here, we demonstrate that EBNA1 is able to stimulate the expression of the Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily member, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP2), with consequential activation of the BMP signalling pathway in carcinoma cell lines. We show that BMP pathway activation is associated with an increase in the migratory capacity of carcinoma cells, an effect that can be ablated by the BMP antagonist, Noggin. Gene expression profiling of authentic EBV-positive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumours revealed the consistent presence of BMP ligands, established BMP pathway effectors and putative target genes, constituting a prominent BMP “signature” in this virus-associated cancer. Our findings show that EBNA1 is the major viral-encoded protein responsible for activating the BMP signalling pathway in carcinoma cells and supports a role for this pathway in promoting cell migration and possibly, metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Bridgewater
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Kathryn L. Date
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - John D. O’Neil
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Chunfang Hu
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - John R. Arrand
- Institute for Cancer & Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.L.D.); (J.D.O.); (C.H.); (J.R.A.)
| | - Christopher W. Dawson
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
| | - Lawrence S. Young
- Warwick Medical School, Gibbet Hill Campus, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (H.E.B.); (C.W.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-2476-752-38
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Latifi Z, Nejabati HR, Abroon S, Mihanfar A, Farzadi L, Hakimi P, Hajipour H, Nouri M, Fattahi A. Dual role of TGF-β in early pregnancy: clues from tumor progression. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1417-1430. [PMID: 30772900 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
TGF-β signaling in the endometrium is active during the implantation period and has a pivotal role in regulating endometrial receptivity and embryo implantation. During embryo implantation, both apoptosis and proliferation of endometrial cells happen at the same time and it seems TGF-β is the factor that controls both of these processes. As shown in cancer cells, in special conditions this cytokine can have a dual effect and switch the action from apoptosis to proliferation. Owing to the similarity between embryo implantation and cancer development and also unusual pattern of proliferation and remodeling in the uterus, in this review we suggest the existence of such a switching in endometrium during the early pregnancy. Moreover, we address some potential mechanisms that could regulate the switching. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating TGF-β action and signaling during the implantation period could pave the way for introducing novel therapeutic strategies in order to solve implantation-associated issues such as repeated implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Latifi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nejabati
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sina Abroon
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Aynaz Mihanfar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Laya Farzadi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Hakimi
- Women's Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hajipour
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Fattahi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Jiang Z, Lu L, Liu Y, Zhang S, Li S, Wang G, Wang P, Chen L. SMAD7 and SERPINE1 as novel dynamic network biomarkers detect and regulate the tipping point of TGF-beta induced EMT. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:842-853. [PMID: 36659203 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex nonlinear biological process that plays essential roles in fundamental biological processes such as embryogenesis, wounding healing, tissue regeneration, and cancer metastasis. A hallmark of EMT is the switch-like behavior during state transition, which is characteristic of phase transitions. Hence, detecting the tipping point just before mesenchymal state transition is critical for understanding molecular mechanism of EMT. Through dynamic network biomarkers (DNB) model, a DNB group with 37 genes was identified which can provide the early-warning signals of EMT. Particularly, we found that two DNB genes, i.e., SMAD7 and SERPINE1 promoted EMT by switching their regulatory network which was further validated by biological experiments. Survival analyses revealed that SMAD7 and SERPINE1 as DNB genes further acted as prognostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Lina Lu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Laboratory of Systems Biology, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Si Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuxian Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guanyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenviroment and Disease Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Science and Material Design, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Bio-med Big Data Center, Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Nahálková J. Linking TPPII to the protein interaction and signalling networks. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 87:107291. [PMID: 32702546 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Tripeptidyl peptidase II (TPPII) is primarily considered a house-keeping exopeptidase, which contributes to the functions of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by the maintenance of the cellular amino acid homeostasis. Although functionally well-characterised in vitro and using the mammalian cell models, less is known about the molecular mechanisms of its involvement in the signalling and metabolic pathways, which mediate its cellular functions. The present protein-protein interaction network analysis identified these mechanisms involved in the adaptive and innate immunity, the metabolism of the glucose, cancer cell growth, apoptosis, cell cycle and DNA damage responses. The interaction network constructed based on the publicly available protein-protein interaction data was extended by the application GeneMania, which was further used for the pathway enrichment, the protein function prediction and the protein node prioritisation analysis. The analysis suggested that the molecular mechanisms linked to the adaptive and innate immunity (ID, Kit receptor, BCR, IL-2 and G-CSF signalling; the regulation of NFκB), the aerobic glycolysis (ID and IL-2 signalling), tumorigenesis (TGF-β and p53 signalling; the top priority nodes MAPKs, mTOR regulation), diabetes (Kit receptor signalling; the top priority node GSK3β) and neurodegeneration (the control of mTOR and Aβ peptide degradation) are controlling the resulting TPPII interaction network. The uncharacterized interactions with two lung cancer suppressors (DOK3, DENND2D), a protein involved in the increased risk of the lung cancer in smokers (CYP1A1) and a protein implicated in asthmatic reactions (CHIA) suggest potential roles of TPPII in the lung cancer pathology. The interactions with methyltransferase CARNMT1, which modifies di- and tripeptides and the xenobiotic processing enzyme CYP1A1, are additional candidates for the breakthrough in new functions discovery of TPPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarmila Nahálková
- Biochemworld Co., Biochemistry, Molecular & Cell Biology Unit, Snickar-Anders väg 17, 74394, Skyttorp, Uppsala County, Sweden.
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Sharma S, Plotkin M. Id1 expression in kidney endothelial cells protects against diabetes-induced microvascular injury. FEBS Open Bio 2020; 10:1447-1462. [PMID: 31957231 PMCID: PMC7396439 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitor of differentiation (Id) transcription regulators, which are induced in response to oxidative stress, promote cell proliferation and inhibit senescence. Inhibitor of differentiation 1 (Id1) expression is limited to endothelial cells (EC) in the normal mouse kidney and is required for a normal response to injury. Endothelial dysfunction leads to the development of diabetic nephropathy, and so, we hypothesized that endothelial Id1 may help protect against hyperglycemia-induced microvascular injury and nephropathy. Here, we tested this hypothesis by using streptozotocin to induce diabetes in Id1 knockout (KO) mice and WT B6;129 littermates and examining the mice at 3 months. Expression of Id1 was observed to be increased 15-fold in WT kidney EC, and Id1 KO mice exhibited increased mesangial and myofibroblast proliferation, matrix deposition, and albuminuria compared with WT mice. Electron microscopy demonstrated peritubular capillary EC injury and lumen narrowing, and fluorescence microangiography showed a 45% reduction in capillary perfusion area with no reduction in CD31-stained areas in Id1 KO mice. Microarray analysis of EC isolated from WT and KO control and diabetic mice demonstrated activation of senescence pathways in KO cells. Kidneys from KO diabetic mice showed increased histological expression of senescence markers. In addition, premature senescence in cultured KO EC was also seen in response to oxidative stress. In conclusion, endothelial Id1 upregulation with hyperglycemia protects against microvascular injury and senescence and subsequent nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Plotkin
- Department of Nephrology, John L. McClellan VA Hospital, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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Arwood MJ, Vahabi N, Lteif C, Sharma RK, Machado RF, Duarte JD. Transcriptome-wide analysis associates ID2 expression with combined pre- and post-capillary pulmonary hypertension. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19572. [PMID: 31862991 PMCID: PMC6925238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55700-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients who develop pulmonary hypertension (PH) have an increased risk of death, with combined pre- and post-capillary PH (CpcPH) having the highest risk. However, the mechanism behind PH development in HFpEF is poorly understood. We aimed to identify transcriptomic associations with PH development in HFpEF. Blood was collected from 30 HFpEF patients: 10 without PH, 10 with isolated post-capillary PH, and 10 with CpcPH. Gene expression measurements were completed using transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing. Gene expression differences were compared using a quasi-likelihood method adjusting for age, sex, race, and smoking-status. Biological pathways were compared using global gene expression differences. A replication in 34 additional heart failure patients and a validation in lung tissue from a representative mouse model were completed using quantitative PCR. Six differentially expressed genes were identified when comparing transcriptomics between subjects with CpcPH and those without PH. When tested in additional subjects, only the association with ID2 replicated. Consistent with clinical findings, Id2 expression was also upregulated in mice with HFpEF and PH. Pathway analysis identified proliferative and mitochondrial pathways associated with CpcPH. Thus, these patients may possess systemic pathophysiological differences similar to those observed in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan J Arwood
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nasim Vahabi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christelle Lteif
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Roberto F Machado
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Julio D Duarte
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Gordeeva O. TGFβ Family Signaling Pathways in Pluripotent and Teratocarcinoma Stem Cells' Fate Decisions: Balancing Between Self-Renewal, Differentiation, and Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121500. [PMID: 31771212 PMCID: PMC6953027 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family factors induce pleiotropic effects and are involved in the regulation of most normal and pathological cellular processes. The activity of different branches of the TGFβ family signaling pathways and their interplay with other signaling pathways govern the fine regulation of the self-renewal, differentiation onset and specialization of pluripotent stem cells in various cell derivatives. TGFβ family signaling pathways play a pivotal role in balancing basic cellular processes in pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives, although disturbances in their genome integrity induce the rearrangements of signaling pathways and lead to functional impairments and malignant transformation into cancer stem cells. Therefore, the identification of critical nodes and targets in the regulatory cascades of TGFβ family factors and other signaling pathways, and analysis of the rearrangements of the signal regulatory network during stem cell state transitions and interconversions, are key issues for understanding the fundamental mechanisms of both stem cell biology and cancer initiation and progression, as well as for clinical applications. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of TGFβ family functions in naїve and primed pluripotent stem cells and discusses how these pathways are involved in perturbations in the signaling network of malignant teratocarcinoma stem cells with impaired differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gordeeva
- Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov str., 119334 Moscow, Russia
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Seo D, Jung SM, Park JS, Lee J, Ha J, Kim M, Park SH. The deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14 facilitates tumor growth and chemoresistance through stabilizing the ALK2 receptor in the initiation of BMP6 signaling pathway. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:55-71. [PMID: 31685442 PMCID: PMC7113187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) signaling pathway has been implicated in many types of cancer, its role of tumorigenesis seems to be controversial and its ubiquitin-modifying mechanisms have not been fully addressed. Our study was designed to investigate how BMP6 signaling pathway is regulated by ubiquitin-modifying systems and to address molecular and clinical significance in colorectal cancers. METHODS Human deubiquitnase (DUB) siRNA library was used to screen the specific DUB, named PSMD14, involved in BMP6 signaling pathway. Immunoblot, immunoprecipitation and ubiquitination assays were used to analyze targets of the PSMD14. A role of PSMD14-mediated BMP6 signaling pathway for malignant cancer progression was investigated using in vitro and in vivo model of colorectal cancers as well as clinical samples of colorectal cancer patients. FINDINGS The deubiquitinase PSMD14 acts as a positive regulator for the initiation of the BMP6 signaling pathway through deubiquitinating K48-linked ALK2 type I receptor ubiquitination mediated by Smurf1 E3 ligase, resulting in increased stability of the ALK2. This role of PSMD14 is independent of its intrinsic role in the 26S proteasome system. Furthermore, either PSMD14 or ALK2 depletion significantly decreases tumorigenesis of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in a xenograft model as well as cancer stemness/chemoresistance, and expression of the PSMD14 and ALK2 gene are correlated with malignant progression and the survival of colorectal cancer patients. INTERPRETATION These findings suggest that the PSMD14-ALK2 axis plays an essential role in initiation of the BMP6 signaling pathway and contributes to tumorigenesis and chemoresistance of colorectal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeob Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Ha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minbeom Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hee Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Ma J, Lwigale P. Transformation of the Transcriptomic Profile of Mouse Periocular Mesenchyme During Formation of the Embryonic Cornea. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:661-676. [PMID: 30786278 PMCID: PMC6383728 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Defects in neural crest development are a major contributing factor in corneal dysgenesis, but little is known about the genetic landscape during corneal development. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed transcriptome profile and evaluate changes in gene expression during mouse corneal development. Methods RNA sequencing was used to uncover the transcriptomic profile of periocular mesenchyme (pNC) isolated at embryonic day (E) 10.5 and corneas isolated at E14.5 and E16.5. The spatiotemporal expression of several differentially expressed genes was validated by in situ hybridization. Results Analysis of the whole-transcriptome profile between pNC and embryonic corneas identified 3815 unique differentially expressed genes. Pathway analysis revealed an enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction (retinoic acid, transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt pathways) and transcriptional regulation. Conclusions Our analyses, for the first time, identify a large number of differentially expressed genes during progressive stages of mouse corneal development. Our data provide a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of the developing cornea. Combined, these data serve as a valuable resource for the identification of novel regulatory networks crucial for the advancement of studies in congenital defects, stem cell therapy, bioengineering, and adult corneal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Ma
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Peter Lwigale
- BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States
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Adult Neurogenesis in the Subventricular Zone and Its Regulation After Ischemic Stroke: Implications for Therapeutic Approaches. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:60-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Hara A, Kobayashi H, Asai N, Saito S, Higuchi T, Kato K, Okumura T, Bando YK, Takefuji M, Mizutani Y, Miyai Y, Saito S, Maruyama S, Maeda K, Ouchi N, Nagasaka A, Miyata T, Mii S, Kioka N, Worthley DL, Murohara T, Takahashi M, Enomoto A. Roles of the Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell Marker Meflin in Cardiac Tissue Repair and the Development of Diastolic Dysfunction. Circ Res 2019; 125:414-430. [PMID: 31221024 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.314806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Myofibroblasts have roles in tissue repair following damage associated with ischemia, aging, and inflammation and also promote fibrosis and tissue stiffening, causing organ dysfunction. One source of myofibroblasts is mesenchymal stromal/stem cells that exist as resident fibroblasts in multiple tissues. We previously identified meflin (mesenchymal stromal cell- and fibroblast-expressing Linx paralogue), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein, as a specific marker of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and a regulator of their undifferentiated state. The roles of meflin in the development of heart disease, however, have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE We examined the expression of meflin in the heart and its involvement in cardiac repair after ischemia, fibrosis, and the development of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that meflin has an inhibitory role in myofibroblast differentiation of cultured mesenchymal stromal/stem cells. Meflin expression was downregulated by stimulation with TGF (transforming growth factor)-β, substrate stiffness, hypoxia, and aging. Histological analysis revealed that meflin-positive fibroblastic cells and their lineage cells proliferated in the hearts after acute myocardial infarction and pressure-overload heart failure mouse models. Analysis of meflin knockout mice revealed that meflin is essential for the increase in the number of cells that highly express type I collagen in the heart walls after myocardial infarction induction. When subjected to pressure overload by transverse aortic constriction, meflin knockout mice developed marked cardiac interstitial fibrosis with defective compensation mechanisms. Analysis with atomic force microscopy and hemodynamic catheterization revealed that meflin knockout mice developed stiff failing hearts with diastolic dysfunction. Mechanistically, we found that meflin interacts with bone morphogenetic protein 7, an antifibrotic cytokine that counteracts the action of TGF-β and augments its intracellular signaling. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that meflin is involved in cardiac tissue repair after injury and has an inhibitory role in myofibroblast differentiation of cardiac fibroblastic cells and the development of cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitoshi Hara
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Cardiology (A.H., K.K., T.O., Y.K.B., M. Takefuji, N.O., T. Murohara), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kobayashi
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide (H.K., D.L.W.)
| | - Naoya Asai
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer (N.A., M. Takahashi), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeyoshi Saito
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Osaka, Japan (Shigeyoshi Saito, T.H.)
| | - Takahiro Higuchi
- Department of Biomedical Imaging, National Cardiovascular and Cerebral Research Center, Osaka, Japan (Shigeyoshi Saito, T.H.)
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Department of Cardiology (A.H., K.K., T.O., Y.K.B., M. Takefuji, N.O., T. Murohara), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology (A.H., K.K., T.O., Y.K.B., M. Takefuji, N.O., T. Murohara), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuko K Bando
- Department of Cardiology (A.H., K.K., T.O., Y.K.B., M. Takefuji, N.O., T. Murohara), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mikito Takefuji
- Department of Cardiology (A.H., K.K., T.O., Y.K.B., M. Takefuji, N.O., T. Murohara), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y. Mizutani, K.M.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyai
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shoji Saito
- Department of Nephrology (Shoji Saito, S. Maruyama), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology (Shoji Saito, S. Maruyama), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keiko Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (Y. Mizutani, K.M.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Cardiology (A.H., K.K., T.O., Y.K.B., M. Takefuji, N.O., T. Murohara), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Arata Nagasaka
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Development and Fostering, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Takaki Miyata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (T. Miyata), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan (N.K.)
| | - Daniel L Worthley
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide (H.K., D.L.W.)
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology (A.H., K.K., T.O., Y.K.B., M. Takefuji, N.O., T. Murohara), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer (N.A., M. Takahashi), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- From the Department of Pathology (A.H., H.K., N.A., Y. Mizutani, Y. Miyai, S. Mii, M. Takahashi, A.E.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Yuan M, Gao Y, Li L, Sun W, Cheng H, Li T, Niu L, Du Z, Quan Z, Luo C, Wu X. Phospholipase C (PLC)ε Promotes Androgen Receptor Antagonist Resistance via the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-6/SMAD Axis in a Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cell Line. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:4438-4449. [PMID: 31201297 PMCID: PMC6590100 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary therapy for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) consists of androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgen receptor (AR) axis. However, most tumors progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) within 18–24 months. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mechanisms through which PCa acquires drug resistance after long-term treatment with AR antagonists. Material/Methods Online database analysis and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify signaling activated during anti-androgen treatment. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability. RT-qPCR was performed to examine the mRNA expression of the indicated genes. Colony formation assay was performed to observe cell proliferation. Transwell assay was conducted to demonstrate invasive ability. Protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays. Results An online database search and bioinformatics analysis indicated that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-6/SMAD signaling was activated in enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP cells. Furthermore, this signaling interaction was experimentally verified in bicalutamide- and enzalutamide-resistant LNCaP cells, which may be regulated by phospholipase C (PLC)ɛ and induced cell proliferation and invasion. Of note, a positive correlation was observed between PLCɛ and BMP-6 in CRPC tissue samples, which may promote bone metastasis and suggests a poor prognosis. Conclusions The present results suggest that targeting of PLCɛ/BMP-6/SMAD signaling may increase the sensitivity of CRPC to AR antagonists and inhibit tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Yuan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yingying Gao
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Luo Li
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Urology, Fuling Center Hospital of Chongqing City, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Honglin Cheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Lingfang Niu
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongbo Du
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhen Quan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Chunli Luo
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohou Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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Bárcena C, Aran G, Perea L, Sanjurjo L, Téllez É, Oncins A, Masnou H, Serra I, García-Gallo M, Kremer L, Sala M, Armengol C, Sancho-Bru P, Sarrias MR. CD5L is a pleiotropic player in liver fibrosis controlling damage, fibrosis and immune cell content. EBioMedicine 2019; 43:513-524. [PMID: 31076347 PMCID: PMC6558273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatic inflammation leads to liver fibrosis, which may progress to cirrhosis, a condition with high morbidity. Our aim was to assess the as yet unknown role of innate immunity protein CD5L in liver fibrosis. METHODS CD5L was measured by ELISA in plasma samples from cirrhotic (n = 63) and hepatitis (n = 39) patients, and healthy controls (n = 7), by immunohistochemistry in cirrhotic tissue (n = 12), and by quantitative RT-PCR in mouse liver cell subsets isolated by cell sorting. Recombinant CD5L (rCD5L) was administered into a murine model of CCl4-induced fibrosis, and damage, fibrosis and hepatic immune cell infiltration, including the LyC6hi (pro-fibrotic)-LyC6low (pro-resolutive) monocyte ratio were determined. Moreover, rCD5L was added into primary human hepatic stellate cells to study transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) activation responses. FINDINGS Cirrhotic patients showed elevated plasma CD5L concentrations as compared to patients with hepatitis and healthy controls (Mann-Whitney test p < 0·0001). Moreover, plasma CD5L correlated with disease progression, FIB4 fibrosis score (r:0·25, p < 0·0001) and tissue expression (r = 0·649; p = 0·022). Accordingly, CCl4-induced damage increased CD5L levels in total liver, particularly in hepatocytes and macrophages. rCD5L administration attenuated CCl4-induced injury and fibrosis as determined by reduced serum transaminase and collagen content. Moreover, rCD5L inhibited immune cell infiltration and promoted a phenotypic shift in monocytes from LyC6hi to LyC6low. Interestingly, rCD5L also had a direct effect on primary human hepatic stellate cells promoting SMAD7 expression, thus repressing TGFβ signalling. INTERPRETATION Our study identifies CD5L as a key pleiotropic inhibitor of chronic liver injury. FUND: Fundació Marató TV3, AGAUR and the ISCIII-EDRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bárcena
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aran
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Luís Perea
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Sanjurjo
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Spain
| | - Érica Téllez
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Anna Oncins
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Helena Masnou
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Isabel Serra
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Mónica García-Gallo
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonor Kremer
- Protein Tools Unit and Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Sala
- Gastroenterology Dept., University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol (HUGTiP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Carolina Armengol
- Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain; Childhood Liver Oncology Group, Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer (PMPCC), IGTP, Spain
| | - Pau Sancho-Bru
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain
| | - Maria-Rosa Sarrias
- Innate Immunity Group, Health Sciences Research Institute Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain; Network for Biomedical Research in Hepatic and Digestive Diseases (CIBERehd), Spain.
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Zhu G, Fang C, Li J, Mo C, Wang Y, Li J. Transcriptomic Diversification of Granulosa Cells during Follicular Development in Chicken. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5462. [PMID: 30940861 PMCID: PMC6445143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Granulosa cells play important roles in ovarian follicular development. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in this physiological process in chicken, high-throughput transcriptome analyses were performed to study the expression profiles of granulosa cells harvested from 6 mm white follicles, F5 follicles and F1 follicles. The analyses elucidated a clear tendency of granulosa cells in shifting its expression profile from proliferation to differentiation during follicular development. Transcripts down-regulated during this process were mainly associated with cell division, cell cycle and DNA replication while the up-regulated transcripts were related to ribosomal function, lipid metabolism and protein synthesis. Our study for the first time provides the complete gene expression profiles along follicular development supporting the active involvement of many genes characterized in cell signaling (AMH, Inhibins, Activins, BMPs) and transcription factors (SMAD3, SMAD5, ID1, ID2, ID3). Their temporal expression profiles support the notion of continual cross-talk between granulosa cells and its neighboring cells and shed light on the mechanisms behind avian follicular selection and pave the way to the better understanding of reproductive efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Chunheng Mo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China.
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