1
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Rak M, Menge A, Tesch R, Berger LM, Balourdas DI, Shevchenko E, Krämer A, Elson L, Berger BT, Abdi I, Wahl LM, Poso A, Kaiser A, Hanke T, Kronenberger T, Joerger AC, Müller S, Knapp S. Development of Selective Pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidin-7(8 H)-one-Based Mammalian STE20-Like (MST3/4) Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3813-3842. [PMID: 38422480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian STE20-like (MST) kinases 1-4 play key roles in regulating the Hippo and autophagy pathways, and their dysregulation has been implicated in cancer development. In contrast to the well-studied MST1/2, the roles of MST3/4 are less clear, in part due to the lack of potent and selective inhibitors. Here, we re-evaluated literature compounds, and used structure-guided design to optimize the p21-activated kinase (PAK) inhibitor G-5555 (8) to selectively target MST3/4. These efforts resulted in the development of MR24 (24) and MR30 (27) with good kinome-wide selectivity and high cellular potency. The distinct cellular functions of closely related MST kinases can now be elucidated with subfamily-selective chemical tool compounds using a combination of the MST1/2 inhibitor PF-06447475 (2) and the two MST3/4 inhibitors developed. We found that MST3/4-selective inhibition caused a cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase, whereas MST1/2 inhibition resulted in accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Rak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Amelie Menge
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roberta Tesch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lena M Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dimitrios-Ilias Balourdas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ekaterina Shevchenko
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) and Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Lewis Elson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ismahan Abdi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laurenz M Wahl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Antti Poso
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Astrid Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thomas Hanke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry and Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery (TüCAD2), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andreas C Joerger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Translational Cancer Network (DKTK) and Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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2
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Ben-Mahmoud A, Kishikawa S, Gupta V, Leach NT, Shen Y, Moldovan O, Goel H, Hopper B, Ranguin K, Gruchy N, Maas SM, Lacassie Y, Kim SH, Kim WY, Quade BJ, Morton CC, Kim CH, Layman LC, Kim HG. A cryptic microdeletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23) within an unbalanced translocation t(7;12)(q21.13;q23.1) implicates new candidate loci for intellectual disability and Kallmann syndrome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12984. [PMID: 37563198 PMCID: PMC10415337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a patient diagnosed with both Kallmann syndrome (KS) and intellectual disability (ID), who carried an apparently balanced translocation t(7;12)(q22;q24)dn, array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) disclosed a cryptic heterozygous 4.7 Mb deletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23), unrelated to the translocation breakpoint. This novel discovery prompted us to consider the possibility that the combination of KS and neurological disorder in this patient could be attributed to gene(s) within this specific deletion at 12p11.21-12p11.23, rather than disrupted or dysregulated genes at the translocation breakpoints. To further support this hypothesis, we expanded our study by screening five candidate genes at both breakpoints of the chromosomal translocation in a cohort of 48 KS patients. However, no mutations were found, thus reinforcing our supposition. In order to delve deeper into the characterization of the 12p11.21-12p11.23 region, we enlisted six additional patients with small copy number variations (CNVs) and analyzed eight individuals carrying small CNVs in this region from the DECIPHER database. Our investigation utilized a combination of complementary approaches. Firstly, we conducted a comprehensive phenotypic-genotypic comparison of reported CNV cases. Additionally, we reviewed knockout animal models that exhibit phenotypic similarities to human conditions. Moreover, we analyzed reported variants in candidate genes and explored their association with corresponding phenotypes. Lastly, we examined the interacting genes associated with these phenotypes to gain further insights. As a result, we identified a dozen candidate genes: TSPAN11 as a potential KS candidate gene, TM7SF3, STK38L, ARNTL2, ERGIC2, TMTC1, DENND5B, and ETFBKMT as candidate genes for the neurodevelopmental disorder, and INTS13, REP15, PPFIBP1, and FAR2 as candidate genes for KS with ID. Notably, the high-level expression pattern of these genes in relevant human tissues further supported their candidacy. Based on our findings, we propose that dosage alterations of these candidate genes may contribute to sexual and/or cognitive impairments observed in patients with KS and/or ID. However, the confirmation of their causal roles necessitates further identification of point mutations in these candidate genes through next-generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif Ben-Mahmoud
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shotaro Kishikawa
- Gene Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Natalia T Leach
- Integrated Genetics, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, 3400 Computer Drive, Westborough, MA, 01581, USA
| | - Yiping Shen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics at Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Oana Moldovan
- Medical Genetics Service, Pediatric Department, Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Himanshu Goel
- Hunter Genetics, Waratah, NSW, 2298, Australia
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Bruce Hopper
- Forster Genetics-Hunter New England Local Health District, Forster, NSW, 2428, Australia
| | - Kara Ranguin
- Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Developmental anomalies and polymalformative syndrome, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Nicolas Gruchy
- Department of Genetics, Reference Center for Rare Diseases of Developmental anomalies and polymalformative syndrome, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Reproduction and Development Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yves Lacassie
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, LA, 70118, USA
| | - Soo-Hyun Kim
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Woo-Yang Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Bradley J Quade
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Cynthia C Morton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
- Manchester Centre for Audiology and Deafness, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Korea
| | - Lawrence C Layman
- Section of Reproductive Endocrinology, Infertility and Genetics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Hyung-Goo Kim
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
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3
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Getu AA, Zhou M, Cheng SY, Tan M. The mammalian Sterile 20-like kinase 4 (MST4) signaling in tumor progression: Implications for therapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 563:216183. [PMID: 37094736 PMCID: PMC10642761 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death in humans, with a complex and dynamic nature that makes it challenging to fully comprehend and treat. The Mammalian Sterile 20-Like Kinase 4 (MST4 or STK26) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a crucial role in cell migration and polarity in both normal and tumor cells via activation of intracellular signaling molecules and pathways. MST4 is involved in tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), survival, and cancer metastasis through modulation of downstream signaling pathways including the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and protein kinase B (AKT) pathways. Additionally, MST4 interacts with programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) to promote tumor proliferation and migration. MST4 phosphorylates autophagy related 4B cysteine peptidase (ATG4B) to mediate autophagy signaling, promote tumor cell survival and proliferation, and contribute to treatment resistance. Taken together, MST4 functions as an oncogene and is a promising therapeutic target which deserves further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayechew A Getu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi-Yuan Cheng
- The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Lou & Jean Malnati Brain Tumor Institute at Northwestern Medicine, The Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
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4
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Qiu J, Xiong J, Jiang L, Wang X, Zhang K, Yu H. Molecular mechanisms involved in regulating protein activity and biological function of MST3. Cell Div 2023; 18:8. [PMID: 37202821 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-023-00090-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian sterile 20-like (Ste20-like) protein kinase 3 (MST3) or serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 (STK24) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that belongs to the mammalian STE20-like protein kinase family. MST3 is a pleiotropic protein that plays a critical role in regulating a variety of events, including apoptosis, immune response, metabolism, hypertension, tumor progression, and development of the central nervous system. The MST3-mediated regulation is intricately related to protein activity, post-translational modification, and subcellular location. Here, we review the recent progress on the regulatory mechanisms against MST3 and its-mediated control of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junzhi Xiong
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinmin Wang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kebin Zhang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Fukasawa T, Enomoto A, Yoshizaki-Ogawa A, Sato S, Miyagawa K, Yoshizaki A. The Role of Mammalian STK38 in DNA Damage Response and Targeting for Radio-Sensitization. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072054. [PMID: 37046714 PMCID: PMC10093458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases, found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, play essential roles in a multitude of cellular processes, including cell division, proliferation, apoptosis, and signal transduction. STK38 is a member of the protein kinase A (PKA)/PKG/PKC family implicated in regulating cell division and morphogenesis in yeast and C. elegans. However, its function remained largely unknown in mammals. In recent years, advances in research on STK38 and the identification of its substrates has led to a better understanding of its function and role in mammals. This review discusses the structure, expression, and regulation of activity as a kinase, its role in the DNA damage response, cross-talk with other signaling pathways, and its application for radio-sensitization.
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6
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Ben-Mahmoud A, Kishikawa S, Gupta V, Leach NT, Shen Y, Moldovan O, Goel H, Hopper B, Ranguin K, Gruchy N, Maas SM, Lacassie Y, Kim SH, Kim WY, Quade BJ, Morton CC, Kim CH, Layman LC, Kim HG. A microdeletion del(12)(p11.21p11.23) with a cryptic unbalanced translocation t(7;12)(q21.13;q23.1) implicates new candidate loci for intellectual disability and Kallmann syndrome. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2572736. [PMID: 37034680 PMCID: PMC10081357 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2572736/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In an apparently balanced translocation t(7;12)(q22;q24)dn exhibiting both Kallmann syndrome (KS) and intellectual disability (ID), we detected a cryptic heterozygous 4.7 Mb del(12)(p11.21p11.23) unrelated to the translocation breakpoint. This new finding raised the possibility that KS combined with neurological disorder in this patient could be caused by gene(s) within this deletion at 12p11.21-12p11.23 instead of disrupted or dysregulated genes at the genomic breakpoints. Screening of five candidate genes at both breakpoints in 48 KS patients we recruited found no mutation, corroborating our supposition. To substantiate this hypothesis further, we recruited six additional subjects with small CNVs and analyzed eight individuals carrying small CNVs in this region from DECIPHER to dissect 12p11.21-12p11.23. We used multiple complementary approaches including a phenotypic-genotypic comparison of reported cases, a review of knockout animal models recapitulating the human phenotypes, and analyses of reported variants in the interacting genes with corresponding phenotypes. The results identified one potential KS candidate gene ( TSPAN11 ), seven candidate genes for the neurodevelopmental disorder ( TM7SF3 , STK38L , ARNTL2 , ERGIC2 , TMTC1 , DENND5B , and ETFBKMT ), and four candidate genes for KS with ID ( INTS13 , REP15 , PPFIBP1 , and FAR2 ). The high-level expression pattern in the relevant human tissues further suggested the candidacy of these genes. We propose that the dosage alterations of the candidate genes may contribute to sexual and/or cognitive impairment in patients with KS and/or ID. Further identification of point mutations through next generation sequencing will be necessary to confirm their causal roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oana Moldovan
- Hospital Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte
| | | | - Bruce Hopper
- Forster Genetics-Hunter New England Local Health District
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7
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Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK24 induces tumorigenesis by regulating the STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102961. [PMID: 36720310 PMCID: PMC10011487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death. Although anti-angiogenesis therapy has been effective in the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), drug-resistance is a common challenge. Therefore, there is a need to develop new therapeutic strategies for NSCLC. Serine/threonine-protein kinase 24 (STK24), also known as MST3, belongs to the germinal center kinase III subfamily, and the biological function of STK24 in NSCLC tumorigenesis and tumor angiogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that STK24 was overexpressed in lung cancer tissues compared with normal lung tissues, and lung cancer patients with higher STK24 expression levels had shorter overall survival time. In addition, our in vitro assays using A549 and H226 cell lines revealed that the STK24 expression level of cancer cells was positively correlated with cancer cells proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumor angiogenesis ability; in vivo assays also demonstrated that silencing of STK24 dramatically inhibited tumor progress and tumor angiogenesis. To investigate a mechanism, we revealed that STK24 positively regulated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)/vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) signaling pathway by inhibiting polyubiquitin-proteasomal-mediated degradation of STAT3. Furthermore, we performed in vivo assays in BALB/c nude mice and in vitro assays to show that STK24-regulated tumor angiogenesis depends on STAT3. These findings deepened our understanding of tumor angiogenesis, and the STK24/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway might be a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC treatment.
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8
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Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zhou S, Tang P, Xu R, Zhang Y, Wei D, Wen J, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, Guan JL, Liu L, Wu M, Chen S. TRIM27 cooperates with STK38L to inhibit ULK1-mediated autophagy and promote tumorigenesis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e109777. [PMID: 35670107 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021109777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy represents a fundamental mechanism for maintaining cell survival and tissue homeostasis in response to physiological and pathological stress. Autophagy initiation converges on the FIP200-ATG13-ULK1 complex wherein the serine/threonine kinase ULK1 plays a central role. Here, we reveal that the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM27 functions as a negative regulatory component of the FIP200-ATG13-ULK1 complex. TRIM27 directly polyubiquitinates ULK1 at K568 and K571 sites with K48-linked ubiquitin chains, with proteasomal turnover maintaining control over basal ULK1 levels. However, during starvation-induced autophagy, TRIM27 catalyzes non-degradative K6- and K11-linked ubiquitination of the serine/threonine kinase 38-like (STK38L) kinase. In turn, STK38L ubiquitination promotes its activation and phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser495, rendering ULK1 in a permissive state for TRIM27-mediated hyper-ubiquitination of ULK1. This cooperative mechanism serves to restrain the amplitude and duration of autophagy. Further evidence from mouse models shows that basal autophagy levels are increased in Trim27 knockout mice and that Trim27 differentially regulates tumorigenesis and metastasis. Our study identifies a key role of STK38L-TRIM27-ULK1 signaling axis in negatively controlling autophagy with relevance established in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yifu Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Join Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peipei Tang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuwei Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Join Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dongping Wei
- Department of Oncology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rick F Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Join Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Join Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lianxin Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mian Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Join Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Song Chen
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial and Zhengzhou City Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Cancer Metabolism, Henan International Join Laboratory of Non-coding RNA and Metabolism in Cancer, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huai'an, China
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9
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Mahlapuu M, Caputo M, Xia Y, Cansby E. GCKIII kinases in lipotoxicity: Roles in NAFLD and beyond. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:2613-2622. [PMID: 35641240 PMCID: PMC9512487 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined by excessive accumulation of lipid droplets within hepatocytes. The STE20‐type kinases comprising the germinal center kinase III (GCKIII) subfamily – MST3, MST4, and STK25 – decorate intrahepatocellular lipid droplets and have recently emerged as critical regulators of the initiation and progression of NAFLD. While significant advancement has been made toward deciphering the role of GCKIII kinases in hepatic fat accumulation (i.e., steatosis) as well as the aggravation of NAFLD into its severe form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), much remains to be resolved. This review provides a brief overview of the recent studies in patient cohorts, cultured human cells, and mouse models, which have characterized the function of MST3, MST4, and STK25 in the regulation of hepatic lipid accretion, meta‐inflammation, and associated cell damage in the context of NAFLD/NASH. We also highlight the conflicting data and emphasize future research directions that are needed to advance our understanding of GCKIII kinases as potential targets in the therapy of NAFLD and its comorbidities. Conclusions: Several lines of evidence suggest that GCKIII proteins govern the susceptibility to hepatic lipotoxicity and that pharmacological inhibition of these kinases could mitigate NAFLD development and aggravation. Comprehensive characterization of the molecular mode‐of‐action of MST3, MST4, and STK25 in hepatocytes as well as extrahepatic tissues is important, especially in relation to their impact on carcinogenesis, to fully understand the efficacy as well as safety of GCKIII antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Liu N, Wang J, Yun Y, Wang J, Xu C, Wu S, Xu L, Li B, Kolodkin-Gal I, Dawood DH, Zhao Y, Ma Z, Chen Y. The NDR kinase-MOB complex FgCot1-Mob2 regulates polarity and lipid metabolism in Fusarium graminearum. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:5505-5524. [PMID: 34347361 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Members of the NDR (nuclear Dbf2-related) protein-kinase family are essential for cell differentiation and polarized morphogenesis. However, their functions in plant pathogenic fungi are not well understood. Here, we characterized the NDR kinase FgCot1 and its activator FgMob2 in Fusarium graminearum, a major pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat. FgCot1 and FgMob2 formed a NDR kinase-MOB protein complex. Localization assays using FgCot1-GFP or FgMob2-RFP constructs showed diverse subcellular localizations, including cytoplasm, septum, nucleus and hyphal tip. ΔFgcot1 and ΔFgmob2 exhibited serious defects in hyphal growth, polarity, fungal development and cell wall integrity as well as reduced virulence in planta. In contrast, lipid droplet accumulation was significantly increased in these two mutants. Phosphorylation of FgCot1 at two highly conserved residues (S462 and T630) as well as five new sites synergistically contributed its role in various cellular processes. In addition, non-synonymous mutations in two MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) proteins, FgSte11 and FgGpmk1, partially rescued the growth defect of ΔFgmob2, indicating a functional link between the FgCot1-Mob2 complex and the FgGpmk1 signalling pathway in regulating filamentous fungal growth. These results indicated that the FgCot1-Mob2 complex is critical for polarity, fungal development, cell wall organization, lipid metabolism and virulence in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yingzi Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jinli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chaoyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Luona Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Baohua Li
- College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ilana Kolodkin-Gal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dawood H Dawood
- Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Martin AP, Aushev VN, Zalcman G, Camonis JH. The STK38-XPO1 axis, a new actor in physiology and cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1943-1955. [PMID: 33145612 PMCID: PMC11072208 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signal transduction pathway is an essential regulator of organ size during developmental growth by controlling multiple cellular processes such as cell proliferation, cell death, differentiation, and stemness. Dysfunctional Hippo signaling pathway leads to dramatic tissue overgrowth. Here, we will briefly introduce the Hippo tumor suppressor pathway before focusing on one of its members and the unexpected twists that followed our quest of its functions in its multifarious actions beside the Hippo pathway: the STK38 kinase. In this review, we will precisely discuss the newly identified role of STK38 on regulating the nuclear export machinery by phosphorylating and activating, the major nuclear export receptor XPO1. Finally, we will phrase STK38's role on regulating the subcellular distribution of crucial cellular regulators such as Beclin1 and YAP1 with its implication in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Pj Martin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - Vasily N Aushev
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Gérard Zalcman
- Thoracic Oncology Department, CIC1425/CLIP2 Paris-Nord, Hopital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, Paris, France
- Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences Et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jacques H Camonis
- Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences Et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
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12
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Martin APJ, Camonis JH. The hippo kinase STK38 ensures functionality of XPO1. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2982-2995. [PMID: 33017560 PMCID: PMC7714482 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1826619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper segregation of basic elements such as the compartmentalization of the genome and the shuttling of macromolecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is a crucial mechanism for homeostasis maintenance in eukaryotic cells. XPO1 (Exportin 1) is the major nuclear export receptor and is required for the export of proteins and RNAs out of the nucleus. STK38 (also known as NDR1) is a Hippo pathway serine/threonine kinase with multifarious functions in normal and cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the history of the discovery of the nucleo/cytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and focus on the major actor of nuclear export: XPO1. After describing the molecular events required for XPO1-mediated nuclear export of proteins, we introduce the Hippo pathway STK38 kinase, synthetize its regulation mechanisms as well as its biological functions in both normal and cancer cells, and finally its intersection with XPO1 biology. We discuss the recently identified mechanism of XPO1 activation by phosphorylation of XPO1_S1055 by STK38 and contextualize this finding according to the biological functions previously reported for both XPO1 and STK38, including the second identity of STK38 as an autophagy regulator. Finally, we phrase this newly identified activation mechanism into the general nuclear export machinery and examine the possible outcomes of nuclear export inhibition in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre PJ Martin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Jacques H Camonis
- Inserm U830, Institut Curie, Centre de Recherche, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Paris, France
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13
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Tran T, Mitra J, Ha T, Kavran JM. Increasing kinase domain proximity promotes MST2 autophosphorylation during Hippo signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16166-16179. [PMID: 32994222 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway plays an important role in developmental biology, mediating organ size by controlling cell proliferation through the activity of a core kinase cassette. Multiple upstream events activate the pathway, but how each controls this core kinase cassette is not fully understood. Activation of the core kinase cassette begins with phosphorylation of the kinase MST1/2 (also known as STK3/4). Here, using a combination of in vitro biochemistry and cell-based assays, including chemically induced dimerization and single-molecule pulldown, we revealed that increasing the proximity of adjacent kinase domains, rather than formation of a specific protein assembly, is sufficient to trigger autophosphorylation. We validate this mechanism in cells and demonstrate that multiple events associated with the active pathway, including SARAH domain-mediated homodimerization, membrane recruitment, and complex formation with the effector protein SAV1, each increase the kinase domain proximity and autophosphorylation of MST2. Together, our results reveal that multiple and distinct upstream signals each utilize the same common molecular mechanism to stimulate MST2 autophosphorylation. This mechanism is likely conserved among MST2 homologs. Our work also highlights potential differences in Hippo signal propagation between each activating event owing to differences in the dynamics and regulation of each protein ensemble that triggers MST2 autophosphorylation and possible redundancy in activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Tran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jaba Mitra
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Taekjip Ha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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14
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Bae SJ, Ni L, Luo X. STK25 suppresses Hippo signaling by regulating SAV1-STRIPAK antagonism. eLife 2020; 9:e54863. [PMID: 32292165 PMCID: PMC7182433 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The MST-LATS kinase cascade is central to the Hippo pathway that controls tissue homeostasis, development, and organ size. The PP2A complex STRIPAKSLMAP blocks MST1/2 activation. The GCKIII family kinases associate with STRIPAK, but the functions of these phosphatase-associated kinases remain elusive. We previously showed that the scaffolding protein SAV1 promotes Hippo signaling by counteracting STRIPAK (Bae et al., 2017). Here, we show that the GCKIII kinase STK25 promotes STRIPAK-mediated inhibition of MST2 in human cells. Depletion of STK25 enhances MST2 activation without affecting the integrity of STRIPAKSLMAP. STK25 directly phosphorylates SAV1 and diminishes the ability of SAV1 to inhibit STRIPAK. Thus, STK25 as the kinase component of STRIPAK can inhibit the function of the STRIPAK inhibitor SAV1. This mutual antagonism between STRIPAK and SAV1 controls the initiation of Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jun Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Lisheng Ni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Xuelian Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Department of Biophysics University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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15
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Cairns L, Patterson A, Weingartner KA, Koehler TJ, DeAngelis DR, Tripp KW, Bothner B, Kavran JM. Biophysical characterization of SARAH domain-mediated multimerization of Hippo pathway complexes in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6202-6213. [PMID: 32213597 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippo pathway signaling limits cell growth and proliferation and maintains the stem-cell niche. These cellular events result from the coordinated activity of a core kinase cassette that is regulated, in part, by interactions involving Hippo, Salvador, and dRassF. These interactions are mediated by a conserved coiled-coil domain, termed SARAH, in each of these proteins. SARAH domain-mediated homodimerization of Hippo kinase leads to autophosphorylation and activation. Paradoxically, SARAH domain-mediated heterodimerization between Hippo and Salvador enhances Hippo kinase activity in cells, whereas complex formation with dRassF inhibits it. To better understand the mechanism by which each complex distinctly modulates Hippo kinase and pathway activity, here we biophysically characterized the entire suite of SARAH domain-mediated complexes. We purified the three SARAH domains from Drosophila melanogaster and performed an unbiased pulldown assay to identify all possible interactions, revealing that isolated SARAH domains are sufficient to recapitulate the cellular assemblies and that Hippo is a universal binding partner. Additionally, we found that the Salvador SARAH domain homodimerizes and demonstrate that this interaction is conserved in Salvador's mammalian homolog. Using native MS, we show that each of these complexes is dimeric in solution. We also measured the stability of each SARAH domain complex, finding that despite similarities at both the sequence and structural levels, SARAH domain complexes differ in stability. The identity, stoichiometry, and stability of these interactions characterized here comprehensively reveal the nature of SARAH domain-mediated complex formation and provide mechanistic insights into how SARAH domain-mediated interactions influence Hippo pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cairns
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - Angela Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717
| | - Kyler A Weingartner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - T J Koehler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - Daniel R DeAngelis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215
| | - Katherine W Tripp
- The T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 201218
| | - Brian Bothner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, 59717
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215; Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215; Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 20215.
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16
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Duhart JC, Raftery LA. Mob Family Proteins: Regulatory Partners in Hippo and Hippo-Like Intracellular Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:161. [PMID: 32266255 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00161/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in yeast first delineated the function of Mob proteins in kinase pathways that regulate cell division and shape; in multicellular eukaryotes Mobs regulate tissue growth and morphogenesis. In animals, Mobs are adaptors in Hippo signaling, an intracellular signal-transduction pathway that restricts growth, impacting the development and homeostasis of animal organs. Central to Hippo signaling are the Nuclear Dbf2-Related (NDR) kinases, Warts and LATS1 and LATS2, in flies and mammals, respectively. A second Hippo-like signaling pathway has been uncovered in animals, which regulates cell and tissue morphogenesis. Central to this emergent pathway are the NDR kinases, Tricornered, STK38, and STK38L. In Hippo signaling, NDR kinase activation is controlled by three activating interactions with a conserved set of proteins. This review focuses on one co-activator family, the highly conserved, non-catalytic Mps1-binder-related (Mob) proteins. In this context, Mobs are allosteric activators of NDR kinases and adaptors that contribute to assembly of multiprotein NDR kinase activation complexes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the Mob family has expanded relative to model unicellular yeasts; accumulating evidence points to Mob functional diversification. A striking example comes from the most sequence-divergent class of Mobs, which are components of the highly conserved Striatin Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complex, that antagonizes Hippo signaling. Mobs stand out for their potential to modulate the output from Hippo and Hippo-like kinases, through their roles both in activating NDR kinases and in antagonizing upstream Hippo or Hippo-like kinase activity. These opposing Mob functions suggest that they coordinate the relative activities of the Tricornered/STK38/STK38L and Warts/LATS kinases, and thus have potential to assemble nodes for pathway signaling output. We survey the different facets of Mob-dependent regulation of Hippo and Hippo-like signaling and highlight open questions that hinge on unresolved aspects of Mob functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Duhart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | - Laurel A Raftery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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17
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Duhart JC, Raftery LA. Mob Family Proteins: Regulatory Partners in Hippo and Hippo-Like Intracellular Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:161. [PMID: 32266255 PMCID: PMC7096357 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in yeast first delineated the function of Mob proteins in kinase pathways that regulate cell division and shape; in multicellular eukaryotes Mobs regulate tissue growth and morphogenesis. In animals, Mobs are adaptors in Hippo signaling, an intracellular signal-transduction pathway that restricts growth, impacting the development and homeostasis of animal organs. Central to Hippo signaling are the Nuclear Dbf2-Related (NDR) kinases, Warts and LATS1 and LATS2, in flies and mammals, respectively. A second Hippo-like signaling pathway has been uncovered in animals, which regulates cell and tissue morphogenesis. Central to this emergent pathway are the NDR kinases, Tricornered, STK38, and STK38L. In Hippo signaling, NDR kinase activation is controlled by three activating interactions with a conserved set of proteins. This review focuses on one co-activator family, the highly conserved, non-catalytic Mps1-binder-related (Mob) proteins. In this context, Mobs are allosteric activators of NDR kinases and adaptors that contribute to assembly of multiprotein NDR kinase activation complexes. In multicellular eukaryotes, the Mob family has expanded relative to model unicellular yeasts; accumulating evidence points to Mob functional diversification. A striking example comes from the most sequence-divergent class of Mobs, which are components of the highly conserved Striatin Interacting Phosphatase and Kinase (STRIPAK) complex, that antagonizes Hippo signaling. Mobs stand out for their potential to modulate the output from Hippo and Hippo-like kinases, through their roles both in activating NDR kinases and in antagonizing upstream Hippo or Hippo-like kinase activity. These opposing Mob functions suggest that they coordinate the relative activities of the Tricornered/STK38/STK38L and Warts/LATS kinases, and thus have potential to assemble nodes for pathway signaling output. We survey the different facets of Mob-dependent regulation of Hippo and Hippo-like signaling and highlight open questions that hinge on unresolved aspects of Mob functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel A. Raftery
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
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18
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Qi Y, Zhang X, Seyoum B, Msallaty Z, Mallisho A, Caruso M, Damacharla D, Ma D, Al-janabi W, Tagett R, Alharbi M, Calme G, Mestareehi A, Draghici S, Abou-Samra A, Kowluru A, Yi Z. Kinome Profiling Reveals Abnormal Activity of Kinases in Skeletal Muscle From Adults With Obesity and Insulin Resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5607358. [PMID: 31652310 PMCID: PMC6991621 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity-related insulin resistance (OIR) is one of the main contributors to type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Protein kinases are implicated in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Molecular mechanisms underlying OIR involving global kinase activities remain incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate abnormal kinase activity associated with OIR in human skeletal muscle. DESIGN Utilization of stable isotopic labeling-based quantitative proteomics combined with affinity-based active enzyme probes to profile in vivo kinase activity in skeletal muscle from lean control (Lean) and OIR participants. PARTICIPANTS A total of 16 nondiabetic adults, 8 Lean and 8 with OIR, underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with muscle biopsy. RESULTS We identified the first active kinome, comprising 54 active protein kinases, in human skeletal muscle. The activities of 23 kinases were different in OIR muscle compared with Lean muscle (11 hyper- and 12 hypo-active), while their protein abundance was the same between the 2 groups. The activities of multiple kinases involved in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and p38 signaling were lower in OIR compared with Lean. On the contrary, multiple kinases in the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway exhibited higher activity in OIR vs Lean. The kinase-substrate-prediction based on experimental data further confirmed a potential downregulation of insulin signaling (eg, inhibited phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and AKT1/2). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a global view of the kinome activity in OIR and Lean muscle, pinpoint novel specific impairment in kinase activities in signaling pathways important for skeletal muscle insulin resistance, and may provide potential drug targets (ie, abnormal kinase activities) to prevent and/or reverse skeletal muscle insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Xiangmin Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Berhane Seyoum
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Zaher Msallaty
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Abdullah Mallisho
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Michael Caruso
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Divyasri Damacharla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Danjun Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Wissam Al-janabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Rebecca Tagett
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Majed Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Griffin Calme
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Aktham Mestareehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Sorin Draghici
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Abdul Abou-Samra
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Department of Medicine, Qatar Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- β-Cell Biochemistry Laboratory, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Zhengping Yi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- Correspondence: Zhengping Yi, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences – Room 3146, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy/Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 6135 Woodward Ave., Detroit, MI 48202. E-mail:
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19
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Rausch V, Hansen CG. The Hippo Pathway, YAP/TAZ, and the Plasma Membrane. Trends Cell Biol 2019; 30:32-48. [PMID: 31806419 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The plasma membrane allows the cell to sense and adapt to changes in the extracellular environment by relaying external inputs via intracellular signaling networks. One central cellular signaling pathway is the Hippo pathway, which regulates homeostasis and plays chief roles in carcinogenesis and regenerative processes. Recent studies have found that mechanical stimuli and diffusible chemical components can regulate the Hippo pathway primarily through receptors embedded in the plasma membrane. Morphologically defined structures within the plasma membrane, such as cellular junctions, focal adhesions, primary cilia, caveolae, clathrin-coated pits, and plaques play additional key roles. Here, we discuss recent evidence highlighting the importance of these specialized plasma membrane domains in cellular feedback via the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Rausch
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - Carsten G Hansen
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh bioQuarter, 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK.
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20
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Prevention of calpain-dependent degradation of STK38 by MEKK2-mediated phosphorylation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16010. [PMID: 31690749 PMCID: PMC6831656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine-threonine kinase 38 (STK38) is a member of the protein kinase A (PKA)/PKG/PKC-family implicated in the regulation of cell division and morphogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying STK38 stability remain largely unknown. Here, we show that treatment of cells with either heat or the calcium ionophore A23187 induced STK38 degradation. The calpain inhibitor calpeptin suppressed hyperthermia-induced degradation or the appearance of A23187-induced cleaved form of STK38. An in vitro cleavage assay was then used to demonstrate that calpain I directly cleaves STK38 at the proximal N-terminal region. Deletion of the N-terminal region of STK38 increased its stability against hyperthermia. We further demonstrated that the MAPKK kinase (MAP3K) MEKK2 prevented both heat- and calpain-induced cleavage of STK38. MEKK2 knockdown enhanced hyperthermia-induced degradation of STK38. We performed an in vitro MEKK2 assay and identified the key regulatory site in STK38 phosphorylated by MEKK2. Experiments with a phosphorylation-defective mutant demonstrated that phosphorylation of Ser 91 is important for STK38 stability, as the enzyme is susceptible to degradation by the calpain pathway unless this residue is phosphorylated. In summary, we demonstrated that STK38 is a calpain substrate and revealed a novel role of MEKK2 in the process of STK38 degradation by calpain.
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21
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SIRT1 and p300/CBP regulate the reversible acetylation of serine-threonine kinase NDR2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:396-401. [PMID: 31427083 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Dbf2-related kinase 2 (NDR2) is a highly conserved kinase that belongs to the NDR/LATS serine-threonine kinase family. NDR2 is involved in many cellular processes as a kinase or a scaffolding protein. As a known kinase, NDR2 requires self-phosphorylation and trans-phosphorylation to become fully active. However, beside phosphorylation, little is known about other posttranslational modifications of NDR2. In this study, we found that NDR2 can be specially acetylated at K463 in cells. In addition, SIRT1 acts as the major deacetylase for NDR2, while p300 and CBP function as specific acetyltransferases for NDR2. Interestingly, in SIRT1 deficient cells HDAC6 and HDAC1/2 can deacetylate NDR2, which provides a novel insight in deacetylation regulation. Our results demonstrate that NDR2 is a reversible acetylated kinase regulated by SIRT1 and p300/CBP.
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22
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Chen C, Rodriguez Pino M, Haller PR, Verde F. Conserved NDR/LATS kinase controls RAS GTPase activity to regulate cell growth and chronological lifespan. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2598-2616. [PMID: 31390298 PMCID: PMC6740195 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-03-0172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to the nutritional environment is critical for all cells. RAS GTPase is a highly conserved GTP-binding protein with crucial functions for cell growth and differentiation in response to environmental conditions. Here, we describe a novel mechanism connecting RAS GTPase to nutrient availability in fission yeast. We report that the conserved NDR/LATS kinase Orb6 responds to nutritional cues and regulates Ras1 GTPase activity. Orb6 increases the protein levels of an Ras1 GTPase activator, the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Efc25, by phosphorylating Sts5, a protein bound to efc25 mRNA. By manipulating the extent of Orb6-mediated Sts5 assembly into RNP granules, we can modulate Efc25 protein levels, Ras1 GTPase activity, and, as a result, cell growth and cell survival. Thus, we conclude that the Orb6-Sts5-Ras1 regulatory axis plays a crucial role in promoting cell adaptation, balancing the opposing demands of promoting cell growth and extending chronological lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Marbelys Rodriguez Pino
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Patrick Roman Haller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Fulvia Verde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
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23
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Kück U, Radchenko D, Teichert I. STRIPAK, a highly conserved signaling complex, controls multiple eukaryotic cellular and developmental processes and is linked with human diseases. Biol Chem 2019; 400:1005-1022. [PMID: 31042639 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2019-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The striatin-interacting phosphatases and kinases (STRIPAK) complex is evolutionary highly conserved and has been structurally and functionally described in diverse lower and higher eukaryotes. In recent years, this complex has been biochemically characterized better and further analyses in different model systems have shown that it is also involved in numerous cellular and developmental processes in eukaryotic organisms. Further recent results have shown that the STRIPAK complex functions as a macromolecular assembly communicating through physical interaction with other conserved signaling protein complexes to constitute larger dynamic protein networks. Here, we will provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the architecture, function and regulation of the STRIPAK complex and discuss key issues and future perspectives, linked with human diseases, which may form the basis of further research endeavors in this area. In particular, the investigation of bi-directional interactions between STRIPAK and other signaling pathways should elucidate upstream regulators and downstream targets as fundamental parts of a complex cellular network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Kück
- Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Daria Radchenko
- Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Ines Teichert
- Allgemeine und Molekulare Botanik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, D-44780 Bochum, Germany
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24
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Neratinib inhibits Hippo/YAP signaling, reduces mutant K-RAS expression, and kills pancreatic and blood cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5890-5904. [PMID: 31253872 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0849-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies demonstrated that the irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor neratinib caused plasma membrane-associated mutant K-RAS to localize in intracellular vesicles, concomitant with its degradation. Herein, we discovered that neratinib interacted with the chemically distinct irreversible ERBB1/2/4 inhibitor afatinib to reduce expression of ERBB1, ERBB2, K-RAS and N-RAS; this was associated with greater-than-additive cell killing of pancreatic tumor cells. Knock down of Beclin1, ATG16L1, Rubicon or cathepsin B significantly lowered the ability of neratinib to reduce ERBB1 and K-RAS expression, and to cause tumor cell death. Knock down of ATM-AMPK suppressed vesicle formation and knock down of cathepsin B-AIF significantly reduced neratinib lethality. PKG phosphorylates K-RAS and HMG CoA reductase inhibitors reduce K-RAS farnesylation both of which remove K-RAS from the plasma membrane, abolishing its activity. Neratinib interacted with the PKG activator sildenafil and the HMG CoA reductase inhibitor atorvastatin to further reduce K-RAS expression, and to further enhance cell killing. Neratinib is also a Ste20 kinase family inhibitor and in carcinoma cells, and hematopoietic cancer cells lacking ERBB1/2/4, it reduced K-RAS expression and the phosphorylation of MST1/3/4/Ezrin by ~ 30%. Neratinib increased LATS1 phosphorylation as well as that of YAP and TAZ also by ~ 30%, caused the majority of YAP to translocate into the cytosol and reduced YAP/TAZ protein levels. Neratinib lethality was enhanced by knock down of YAP. Neratinib, in a Rubicon-dependent fashion, reduced PAK1 phosphorylation and that of its substrate Merlin. Our data demonstrate that neratinib coordinately suppresses both mutant K-RAS and YAP function to kill pancreatic tumor cells.
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25
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Two Antagonistic Hippo Signaling Circuits Set the Division Plane at the Medial Position in the Ciliate Tetrahymena. Genetics 2018; 211:651-663. [PMID: 30593491 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.301889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In a single cell, ciliates maintain a complex pattern of cortical organelles that are arranged along the anteroposterior and circumferential axes. The underlying molecular mechanisms of intracellular pattern formation in ciliates are largely unknown. Ciliates divide by tandem duplication, a process that remodels the parental cell into two daughters aligned head-to-tail. In the elo1-1 mutant of Tetrahymena thermophila, the segmentation boundary/division plane forms too close to the posterior end of the parental cell, producing a large anterior and a small posterior daughter cell, respectively. We show that ELO1 encodes a Lats/NDR kinase that marks the posterior segment of the cell cortex, where the division plane does not form in the wild-type. Elo1 acts independently of CdaI, a Hippo/Mst kinase that marks the anterior half of the parental cell, and whose loss shifts the division plane anteriorly. We propose that, in Tetrahymena, two antagonistic Hippo circuits focus the segmentation boundary/division plane at the equatorial position, by excluding divisional morphogenesis from the cortical areas that are too close to cell ends.
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26
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Waldt N, Seifert A, Demiray YE, Devroe E, Turk BE, Reichardt P, Mix C, Reinhold A, Freund C, Müller AJ, Schraven B, Stork O, Kliche S. Filamin A Phosphorylation at Serine 2152 by the Serine/Threonine Kinase Ndr2 Controls TCR-Induced LFA-1 Activation in T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2852. [PMID: 30568657 PMCID: PMC6290345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The integrin LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) plays a critical role in the interaction of T cells with antigen presenting cells (APCs) to promote lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation. This integrin can be present either in a closed or in an open active conformation and its activation upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation is a critical step to allow interaction with APCs. In this study we demonstrate that the serine/threonine kinase Ndr2 is critically involved in the initiation of TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation (open conformation) in T cells. Ndr2 itself becomes activated upon TCR stimulation and phosphorylates the intracellular integrin binding partner Filamin A (FLNa) at serine 2152. This phosphorylation promotes the dissociation of FLNa from LFA-1, allowing for a subsequent association of Talin and Kindlin-3 which both stabilize the open conformation of LFA-1. Our data suggest that Ndr2 activation is a crucial step to initiate TCR-mediated LFA-1 activation in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Waldt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anke Seifert
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yunus Emre Demiray
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Eric Devroe
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Benjamin E Turk
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Peter Reichardt
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Charlie Mix
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Annegret Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Protein Biochemistry Group, Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Intravital Microscopy of Infection and Immunity, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Burkhart Schraven
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Immune Control Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Stork
- Institute of Biology, Department of Genetics and Molecular Neurobiology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kliche
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology and Inflammation (GC-I3), Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
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27
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Poon CLC, Liu W, Song Y, Gomez M, Kulaberoglu Y, Zhang X, Xu W, Veraksa A, Hergovich A, Ghabrial A, Harvey KF. A Hippo-like Signaling Pathway Controls Tracheal Morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Cell 2018; 47:564-575.e5. [PMID: 30458981 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hippo-like pathways are ancient signaling modules first identified in yeasts. The best-defined metazoan module forms the core of the Hippo pathway, which regulates organ size and cell fate. Hippo-like kinase modules consist of a Sterile 20-like kinase, an NDR kinase, and non-catalytic protein scaffolds. In the Hippo pathway, the upstream kinase Hippo can be activated by another kinase, Tao-1. Here, we delineate a related Hippo-like signaling module that Tao-1 regulates to control tracheal morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Tao-1 activates the Sterile 20-like kinase GckIII by phosphorylating its activation loop, a mode of regulation that is conserved in humans. Tao-1 and GckIII act upstream of the NDR kinase Tricornered to ensure proper tube formation in trachea. Our study reveals that Tao-1 activates two related kinase modules to control both growth and morphogenesis. The Hippo-like signaling pathway we have delineated has a potential role in the human vascular disease cerebral cavernous malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole L C Poon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Weijie Liu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yanjun Song
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marta Gomez
- University College London, Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Wenjian Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Alexey Veraksa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | | | - Amin Ghabrial
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology and Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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28
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Lee KT, Chang CL, Li CY, Song H, Shan YS, Lai MD. The oncogenic role of MST3 in human gastric cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2018; 8:2130-2139. [PMID: 30416862 PMCID: PMC6220135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
MST3 (mammalian STE20-like kinase) is one of the protein kinase of the GCK III subfamily STE 20, and is known to play a role in cell growth and apoptosis. Our laboratory has demonstrated that MST3 promotes tumorigenicity through the VAV2/Rac1 signal axis in breast cancer. In this report, we further investigated the potential oncogenic role of MST3 in gastric cancer. Examination of tissue samples from 101 gastric cancer patients revealed that higher expression of MST3 was observed in tumor part with immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, high expression of MST3 predicts poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. To investigate the function of MST3 in vitro, MKN45 and NCI-N87 cell lines were transfected with the MST3 shRNA and stable clones were established. Downregulation of MST3 inhibited cell proliferation. The p21 expression was enhanced by MST3 shRNA in MKN45 gastric cancer cell line. Finally, downregulation of MST3 attenuated the anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice. Altogether, our results indicate that MST3 potentially plays an oncogenic role in gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Ting Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Lin Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Yen Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsianglin Song
- Taiwan University Hospital Hsin Chu BranchHsin Chu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yan-Shen Shan
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University HospitalTainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan, Taiwan, ROC
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29
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Xiong S, Lorenzen K, Couzens AL, Templeton CM, Rajendran D, Mao DYL, Juang YC, Chiovitti D, Kurinov I, Guettler S, Gingras AC, Sicheri F. Structural Basis for Auto-Inhibition of the NDR1 Kinase Domain by an Atypically Long Activation Segment. Structure 2018; 26:1101-1115.e6. [PMID: 29983373 PMCID: PMC6087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The human NDR family kinases control diverse aspects of cell growth, and are regulated through phosphorylation and association with scaffolds such as MOB1. Here, we report the crystal structure of the human NDR1 kinase domain in its non-phosphorylated state, revealing a fully resolved atypically long activation segment that blocks substrate binding and stabilizes a non-productive position of helix αC. Consistent with an auto-inhibitory function, mutations within the activation segment of NDR1 dramatically enhance in vitro kinase activity. Interestingly, NDR1 catalytic activity is further potentiated by MOB1 binding, suggesting that regulation through modulation of the activation segment and by MOB1 binding are mechanistically distinct. Lastly, deleting the auto-inhibitory activation segment of NDR1 causes a marked increase in the association with upstream Hippo pathway components and the Furry scaffold. These findings provide a point of departure for future efforts to explore the cellular functions and the mechanism of NDR1.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/chemistry
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cloning, Molecular
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epithelial Cells/cytology
- Epithelial Cells/enzymology
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Escherichia coli/metabolism
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/chemistry
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/genetics
- Hepatocyte Growth Factor/metabolism
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/chemistry
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Microtubule-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation, alpha-Helical
- Protein Conformation, beta-Strand
- Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/chemistry
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Serine-Threonine Kinase 3
- Signal Transduction
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Xiong
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kristina Lorenzen
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Amber L Couzens
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Catherine M Templeton
- Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Dushyandi Rajendran
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel Y L Mao
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Yu-Chi Juang
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - David Chiovitti
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Igor Kurinov
- Cornell University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, NE-CAT, Advanced Photon Source, Bldg. 436E, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sebastian Guettler
- Divisions of Structural Biology and Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), London SW7 3RP, UK.
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Frank Sicheri
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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30
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Chen S, Fang Y, Xu S, Reis C, Zhang J. Mammalian Sterile20-like Kinases: Signalings and Roles in Central Nervous System. Aging Dis 2018; 9:537-552. [PMID: 29896440 PMCID: PMC5988607 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian Sterile20-like (MST) kinases are located upstream in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and play an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, renewal, polarization and migration. Generally, five MST kinases exist in mammalian signal transduction pathways, including MST1, MST2, MST3, MST4 and YSK1. The central nervous system (CNS) is a sophisticated entity that takes charge of information reception, integration and response. Recently, accumulating evidence proposes that MST kinases are critical in the development of disease in different systems involving the CNS. In this review, we summarized the signal transduction pathways and interacting proteins of MST kinases. The potential biological function of each MST kinase and the commonly reported MST-related diseases in the neural system are also reviewed. Further investigation of MST kinases and their interaction with CNS diseases would provide the medical community with new therapeutic targets for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Chen
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanjian Fang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenbin Xu
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cesar Reis
- 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA.,3Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,4Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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31
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Jiang Y, Tian M, Lin W, Wang X, Wang X. Protein Kinase Serine/Threonine Kinase 24 Positively Regulates Interleukin 17-Induced Inflammation by Promoting IKK Complex Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:921. [PMID: 29760709 PMCID: PMC5936754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 17 (IL-17) is a key inflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in tissue inflammation and autoimmune diseases. However, its signaling remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified serine/threonine kinase 24 (Stk24) as a positive modulator of IL-17-mediated signaling and inflammation. Stk24 deficiency or knockdown markedly inhibited IL-17-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB and impaired IL-17-induced chemokines and cytokines expression. Stk24 overexpression greatly enhanced IL-17-induced NF-κB activation and expression of chemokines and cytokines in a kinase activity-independent manner. The IL-17-induced inflammatory response was significantly reduced in Stk24-deficient mice. In addition, the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis was markedly reduced in mice with a deficiency of Stk24 in non-hematopoietic cells. We further demonstrated that Stk24 directly interacts with TAK1 and IKKβ and promotes the formation of TAK1/IKK complexes, leading to enhanced IKKβ/NF-κB activation and downstream cytokines and chemokines induction. Collectively, our findings suggest that Stk24 plays an important role in controlling IL-17-triggered inflammation and autoimmune diseases and provides new insight into the therapeutic targets of IL-17-mediated inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao Tian
- School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Lin
- School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Aharoni-Kats L, Zelinger E, Chen S, Yarden O. Altering Neurospora crassa MOB2A exposes its functions in development and affects its interaction with the NDR kinase COT1. Mol Microbiol 2018; 108:641-660. [PMID: 29600559 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Neurospora crassa Mps One Binder (MOB) proteins MOB2A and MOB2B physically interact with the Nuclear Dbf2 Related (NDR) kinase COT1 and have been shown to have overlapping functions in various aspects of asexual development. Here, we identified two N. crassa MOB2A residues, Tyr117 and Tyr119, which are potentially phosphorylated. Using phosphomimetic mob-2a mutants we have been able to establish that apart from their previously described roles, MOB2A/B are involved in additional developmental processes. Enhanced conidial germination, accompanied by conidial agglutination, in the phosphomimetic mutants indicated that MOB2A is a negative regulator of germination. Thick-section imaging of perithecia revealed slow maturation and a lack of asci alignment in the mutant strains demonstrating a role for MOB2A in sexual development. We demonstrate that even though MOB2A and MOB2B have some overlapping functions, MOB2B cannot compensate for the roles MOB2A has in conidiation and germination. Altering Tyr residues 117 and 119 impaired the physical interactions between MOB2A and COT1, most likely contributing to some of the observed effects. As cot-1 and the phosphomimetic mutants share an extragenic suppressor (gul-1), we concluded that at least some of the effects imposed by altering Tyr117 and Tyr119 are mediated by the NDR kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liran Aharoni-Kats
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - Einat Zelinger
- Centre for Scientific Imaging, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
| | - She Chen
- Proteomics Centre, The National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610000, Israel
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33
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Huang N, Lin W, Shi X, Tao T. STK24 expression is modulated by DNA copy number/methylation in lung adenocarcinoma and predicts poor survival. Future Oncol 2018; 14:2253-2263. [PMID: 29557182 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the independent prognostic value of STK24 expression in terms of overall survival and recurrence-free survival and the potential mechanisms of its dysregulation in non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma. PATIENTS & METHODS Data were from the Cancer Genome Atlas-lung adenocarcinoma. RESULTS Increased STK24 expression was an independent prognostic indicator of unfavorable overall survival (Hazard ratio: 1.478; 95% CI: 1.149-1.901; p < 0.002) and recurrence-free survival (Hazard ratio: 1.855; 95% CI: 1.399-2.458; p < 0.001). DNA amplification was associated with significantly upregulated STK24 expression. There was a weak negative correlation between STK24 expression and its DNA methylation (Pearson's r = -0.32). CONCLUSION Aberrant STK24 expression was an independent prognostic indicator in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Its dysregulation was associated with its DNA copy number alteration and methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningyu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Wenbo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Xiuyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
| | - Tao Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, PR China
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34
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Cairns L, Tran T, Fowl BH, Patterson A, Kim YJ, Bothner B, Kavran JM. Salvador has an extended SARAH domain that mediates binding to Hippo kinase. J Biol Chem 2018. [PMID: 29519817 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway controls cell proliferation and differentiation through the precisely tuned activity of a core kinase cassette. The activity of Hippo kinase is modulated by interactions between its C-terminal coiled-coil, termed the SARAH domain, and the SARAH domains of either dRassF or Salvador. Here, we wanted to understand the molecular basis of SARAH domain-mediated interactions and their influence on Hippo kinase activity. We focused on Salvador, a positive effector of Hippo activity and the least well-characterized SARAH domain-containing protein. We determined the crystal structure of a complex between Salvador and Hippo SARAH domains from Drosophila This structure provided insight into the organization of the Salvador SARAH domain including a folded N-terminal extension that expands the binding interface with Hippo SARAH domain. We also found that this extension improves the solubility of the Salvador SARAH domain, enhances binding to Hippo, and is unique to Salvador. We therefore suggest expanding the definition of the Salvador SARAH domain to include this extended region. The heterodimeric assembly observed in the crystal was confirmed by cross-linked MS and provided a structural basis for the mutually exclusive interactions of Hippo with either dRassF or Salvador. Of note, Salvador influenced the kinase activity of Mst2, the mammalian Hippo homolog. In co-transfected HEK293T cells, human Salvador increased the levels of Mst2 autophosphorylation and Mst2-mediated phosphorylation of select substrates, whereas Salvador SARAH domain inhibited Mst2 autophosphorylation in vitro These results suggest Salvador enhances the effects of Hippo kinase activity at multiple points in the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cairns
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Thao Tran
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Brendan H Fowl
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Angela Patterson
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, and
| | - Yoo Jin Kim
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
| | - Brian Bothner
- the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, and
| | - Jennifer M Kavran
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215, .,the Departments of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, and.,Oncology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 20215
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35
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Sharif AA, Hergovich A. The NDR/LATS protein kinases in immunology and cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 48:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Abstract
The mammalian STE20-like (MST) protein kinases are composed of MST1, MST2, MST3, MST4 and YSK1. They play crucial roles in cell growth, migration, polarity and apoptosis. Dysfunction of these kinases often leads to diseases. MST kinases are extensively involved in development and function of immune system. Here, we review recent progresses on the regulatory function of MST kinases in innate immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhubing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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37
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Vitulo N, Vezzi A, Galla G, Citterio S, Marino G, Ruperti B, Zermiani M, Albertini E, Valle G, Barcaccia G. Characterization and Evolution of the Cell Cycle-Associated Mob Domain-Containing Proteins in Eukaryotes. Evol Bioinform Online 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117693430700300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The MOB family includes a group of cell cycle-associated proteins highly conserved throughout eukaryotes, whose founding members are implicated in mitotic exit and co-ordination of cell cycle progression with cell polarity and morphogenesis. Here we report the characterization and evolution of the MOB domain-containing proteins as inferred from the 43 eukaryotic genomes so far sequenced. We show that genes for Mob-like proteins are present in at least 41 of these genomes, confirming the universal distribution of this protein family and suggesting its prominent biological function. The phylogenetic analysis reveals five distinct MOB domain classes, showing a progressive expansion of this family from unicellular to multicellular organisms, reaching the highest number in mammals. Plant Mob genes appear to have evolved from a single ancestor, most likely after the loss of one or more genes during the early stage of Viridiplantae evolutionary history. Three of the Mob classes are widespread among most of the analyzed organisms. The possible biological and molecular function of Mob proteins and their role in conserved signaling pathways related to cell proliferation, cell death and cell polarity are also presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Vitulo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova
| | - Alessandro Vezzi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova
| | - Giulio Galla
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, University of Padova - Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandra Citterio
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Giada Marino
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, University of Milano - Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126, Milano, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Zermiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 208, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale e Biotecnologie Agroambientali e Zootecniche, Borgo XX Giugno, 06121, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35121, Padova
| | - Gianni Barcaccia
- Dipartimento di Agronomia Ambientale e Produzioni Vegetali, University of Padova - Agripolis, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, Padova, Italy
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38
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Shomin-Levi H, Yarden O. The Neurospora crassa PP2A Regulatory Subunits RGB1 and B56 Are Required for Proper Growth and Development and Interact with the NDR Kinase COT1. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1694. [PMID: 28928725 PMCID: PMC5591878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
COT1 is the founding member of the highly conserved nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) Ser/Thr kinase family and plays a role in the regulation of polar growth and development in Neurospora crassa and other fungi. Changes in COT1 phosphorylation state have been shown to affect hyphal elongation, branching, and conidiation. The function of NDR protein kinases has been shown to be regulated by type 2A protein phosphatases (PP2As). PP2As are heterotrimers comprised of a catalytic and scaffolding protein along with an interchangeable regulatory subunit involved in determining substrate specificity. Inactivation of the N. crassa PP2A regulatory subunits rgb-1 and b56 conferred severe hyphal growth defects. Partial suppression of defects observed in the rgb-1RIP strain (but not in the Δb56 mutant) was observed in cot-1 phosphomimetic mutants, demonstrating that altering COT1 phosphorylation state can bypass, at least in part, the requirement of a functional RGB1 subunit. The functional fusion proteins RGB1::GFP and B56::GFP predominantly localized to hyphal tips and septa, respectively, indicating that their primary activity is in different cellular locations. COT1 protein forms exhibited a hyperphosphorylated gel migration pattern in an rgb-1RIP mutant background, similar to that observed when the fungus was cultured in the presence of the PP2A inhibitor cantharidin. COT1 was hypophosphorylated in a Δb56 mutant background, suggesting that this regulatory subunit may be involved in determining COT1 phosphorylation state, yet in an indirect manner. Reciprocal co-immunoprecipitation analyses, using tagged COT1, PPH1, RGB1, and B56 subunits established that these proteins physically interact. Taken together, our data determine the presence of a functional and physical link between PP2A and COT1 and show that two of the PP2A regulatory subunits interact with the kinase and determine COT1 phosphorylation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Shomin-Levi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
| | - Oded Yarden
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot, Israel
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39
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NDR1-Dependent Regulation of Kindlin-3 Controls High-Affinity LFA-1 Binding and Immune Synapse Organization. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00424-16. [PMID: 28137909 PMCID: PMC5376635 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00424-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific adhesion between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC) during the formation of the immunological synapse (IS) is mediated by LFA-1 and ICAM-1. Here, LFA-1–ICAM-1 interactions were measured at the single-molecule level on supported lipid bilayers. High-affinity binding was detected at low frequencies in the inner peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (SMAC) zone that contained high levels of activated Rap1 and kindlin-3. Rap1 was essential for T cell attachment, whereas deficiencies of ste20-like kinases, Mst1/Mst2, diminished high-affinity binding and abrogated central SMAC (cSMAC) formation with mislocalized kindlin-3 and vesicle transport regulators involved in T cell receptor recycling/releasing machineries, resulting in impaired T cell-APC interactions. We found that NDR1 kinase, activated by the Rap1 signaling cascade through RAPL and Mst1/Mst2, associated with and recruited kindlin-3 to the IS, which was required for high-affinity LFA-1/ICAM-1 binding and cSMAC formation. Our findings reveal crucial roles for Rap1 signaling via NDR1 for recruitment of kindlin-3 and IS organization.
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40
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Cairns L, Tran T, Kavran JM. Structural Insights into the Regulation of Hippo Signaling. ACS Chem Biol 2017; 12:601-610. [PMID: 28150487 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During development, the Hippo pathway regulates the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis to control organ size. Appropriate Hippo signaling is associated with stem cell maintenance, while inappropriate signaling can result in tumorigenesis and cancer. Cellular and genetic investigations have identified core components and determined that complex formation and protein phosphorylation are crucial regulatory events. The recent spate of high-resolution structures of Hippo pathway components have begun to reveal the molecular mechanisms controlling these events, including the molecular determinates of complex formation between YAP and TEAD, the role of phosphorylation in controlling complex formation by Mob, and the conformational changes accompanying Mst1/2 kinase domain activation. We will review these advances and revisit previous structures to provide a comprehensive overview of the structural changes associated with the regulation of this pathway as well as discuss areas that could benefit from further mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Cairns
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School
of Public Health and ‡Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Thao Tran
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School
of Public Health and ‡Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Kavran
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School
of Public Health and ‡Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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41
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Abstract
The MST1 and MST2 protein kinases comprise the GCK-II subfamily of protein kinases. In addition to their amino-terminal kinase catalytic domain, related to that of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein kinase Ste20, their most characteristic feature is the presence near the carboxy terminus of a unique helical structure called a SARAH domain; this segment allows MST1/MST2 to homodimerize and to heterodimerize with the other polypeptides that contain SARAH domains, the noncatalytic polypeptides RASSF1-6 and Sav1/WW45. Early studies emphasized the potent ability of MST1/MST2 to induce apoptosis upon being overexpressed, as well as the conversion of the endogenous MST1/MST2 polypeptides to constitutively active, caspase-cleaved catalytic fragments during apoptosis initiated by any stimulus. Later, the cleaved, constitutively active form of MST1 was identified in nonapoptotic, quiescent adult hepatocytes as well as in cells undergoing terminal differentiation, where its presence is necessary to maintain those cellular states. The physiologic regulation of full length MST1/MST2 is controlled by the availability of its noncatalytic SARAH domain partners. Interaction with Sav1/WW45 recruits MST1/MST2 into a tumor suppressor pathway, wherein it phosphorylates and activates the Sav1-bound protein kinases Lats1/Lats2, potent inhibitors of the Yap1 and TAZ oncogenic transcriptional regulators. A constitutive interaction with the Rap1-GTP binding protein RASSF5B (Nore1B/RAPL) in T cells recruits MST1 (especially) and MST2 as an effector of Rap1's control of T cell adhesion and migration, a program crucial to immune surveillance and response; loss of function mutation in human MST1 results in profound immunodeficiency. MST1 and MST2 are also regulated by other protein kinases, positively by TAO1 and negatively by Par1, SIK2/3, Akt, and cRaf1. The growing list of candidate MST1/MST2 substrates suggests that the full range of MST1/MST2's physiologic programs and contributions to pathophysiology remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Galan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Diabetes Unit and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Joseph Avruch
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Diabetes Unit and Medical Services, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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42
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Structural basis for autoinhibition and its relief of MOB1 in the Hippo pathway. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28488. [PMID: 27335147 PMCID: PMC4917820 DOI: 10.1038/srep28488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MOB1 protein is a key regulator of large tumor suppressor 1/2 (LATS1/2) kinases in the Hippo pathway. MOB1 is present in an autoinhibited form and is activated by MST1/2-mediated phosphorylation, although the precise mechanisms responsible for autoinhibition and activation are unknown due to lack of an autoinhibited MOB1 structure. Here, we report on the crystal structure of full-length MOB1B in the autoinhibited form and a complex between the MOB1B core domain and the N-terminal regulation (NTR) domain of LATS1. The structure of full-length MOB1B shows that the N-terminal extension forms a short β-strand, the SN strand, followed by a long conformationally flexible positively-charged linker and α-helix, the Switch helix, which blocks the LATS1 binding surface of MOB1B. The Switch helix is stabilized by β-sheet formation of the SN strand with the S2 strand of the MOB1 core domain. Phosphorylation of Thr12 and Thr35 residues structurally accelerates dissociation of the Switch helix from the LATS1-binding surface by the "pull-the-string" mechanism, thereby enabling LATS1 binding.
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43
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Abstract
Initially identified inDrosophila melanogaster, the Hippo signaling pathway regulates organ size through modulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. This pathway is evolutionarily conserved and canonical signaling involves a kinase cascade that phosphorylates and inhibits the downstream effector Yes-associated protein (YAP). Recent research has demonstrated a fundamental role of Hippo signaling in cardiac development, homeostasis, injury and regeneration, and remains the subject of intense investigation. However, 2 prominent members of this pathway, RASSF1A and Mst1, have been shown to influence heart function and stress responses through YAP-independent mechanisms. This review summarizes non-canonical targets of RASSF1A and Mst1 and discusses their role in the context of cardiac hypertrophy, autophagy, apoptosis and function. (Circ J 2016; 80: 1504-1510).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P Del Re
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School
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44
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Hergovich A. The Roles of NDR Protein Kinases in Hippo Signalling. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7050021. [PMID: 27213455 PMCID: PMC4880841 DOI: 10.3390/genes7050021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo tumour suppressor pathway has emerged as a critical regulator of tissue growth through controlling cellular processes such as cell proliferation, death, differentiation and stemness. Traditionally, the core cassette of the Hippo pathway includes the MST1/2 protein kinases, the LATS1/2 protein kinases, and the MOB1 scaffold signal transducer, which together regulate the transcriptional co-activator functions of the proto-oncoproteins YAP and TAZ through LATS1/2-mediated phosphorylation of YAP/TAZ. Recent research has identified additional kinases, such as NDR1/2 (also known as STK38/STK38L) and MAP4Ks, which should be considered as novel members of the Hippo core cassette. While these efforts helped to expand our understanding of Hippo core signalling, they also began to provide insights into the complexity and redundancy of the Hippo signalling network. Here, we focus on summarising our current knowledge of the regulation and functions of mammalian NDR kinases, discussing parallels between the NDR pathways in Drosophila and mammals. Initially, we provide a general overview of the cellular functions of NDR kinases in cell cycle progression, centrosome biology, apoptosis, autophagy, DNA damage signalling, immunology and neurobiology. Finally, we put particular emphasis on discussing NDR1/2 as YAP kinases downstream of MST1/2 and MOB1 signalling in Hippo signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hergovich
- Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman building, 72 Huntley Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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45
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Vrabioiu AM, Struhl G. Fat/Dachsous Signaling Promotes Drosophila Wing Growth by Regulating the Conformational State of the NDR Kinase Warts. Dev Cell 2016; 35:737-49. [PMID: 26702832 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear Dbf2-related (NDR) kinases play a central role in limiting growth in most animals. Signals that promote growth do so in part by suppressing the activation of NDR kinases by STE20/Hippo kinases. Here, we identify another mechanism for downregulating NDR kinase activity. Specifically, we show that activity of the Drosophila NDR kinase Warts in the developing wing depends on its transition from an inactive, "closed" conformation to a potentially active, "open" conformation mediated by Mats, a conserved Mps1-binder (Mob) protein. Further, we show that signaling interactions between the protocadherins Fat and Dachsous, organized by the morphogens Wingless and Decapentaplegic, suppress Warts by acting via the atypical myosin Dachs to inhibit or reverse this transition. The regulation of Warts conformation by Mats, Fat/Dachsous signaling, and Dachs appears independent of Warts phosphorylation by Hippo kinase, establishing a precedent for the control of NDR kinases, and hence growth, by distinct allosteric and phosphorylation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina M Vrabioiu
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary Struhl
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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46
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Abstract
In this review, Meng et al. focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in Hippo pathway regulation and function. The Hippo pathway was initially identified in Drosophila melanogaster screens for tissue growth two decades ago and has been a subject extensively studied in both Drosophila and mammals in the last several years. The core of the Hippo pathway consists of a kinase cascade, transcription coactivators, and DNA-binding partners. Recent studies have expanded the Hippo pathway as a complex signaling network with >30 components. This pathway is regulated by intrinsic cell machineries, such as cell–cell contact, cell polarity, and actin cytoskeleton, as well as a wide range of signals, including cellular energy status, mechanical cues, and hormonal signals that act through G-protein-coupled receptors. The major functions of the Hippo pathway have been defined to restrict tissue growth in adults and modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in developing organs. Furthermore, dysregulation of the Hippo pathway leads to aberrant cell growth and neoplasia. In this review, we focus on recent developments in our understanding of the molecular actions of the core Hippo kinase cascade and discuss key open questions in the regulation and function of the Hippo pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Kun-Liang Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Hoa L, Kulaberoglu Y, Gundogdu R, Cook D, Mavis M, Gomez M, Gomez V, Hergovich A. The characterisation of LATS2 kinase regulation in Hippo-YAP signalling. Cell Signal 2016; 28:488-497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kan WC, Lu TL, Ling P, Lee TH, Cho CY, Huang CYF, Jeng WY, Weng YP, Chiang CY, Wu JB, Lu TJ. Pervanadate induces Mammalian Ste20 Kinase 3 (MST3) tyrosine phosphorylation but not activation. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:33-9. [PMID: 27118027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The yeast Ste20 (sterile) protein kinase, which is a serine/threonine kinase, responds to the stimulation of the G proteincoupled receptor (GPCR) pheromone receptor. Ste20 protein kinase serves as the critical component that links signaling from the GPCR/G proteins to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade in yeast. The yeast Ste20p functions as a MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase (MAP4K) in the pheromone response. Ste20-like kinases are structurally conserved from yeast to mammals. The mechanism by which MAP4K links GPCR to the MAPK pathway is less clearly defined in vertebrates. In addition to MAP4K, the tyrosine kinase cascade bridges G proteins and the MAPK pathway in vertebrate cells. Mammalian Ste20 Kinase 3 (MST3) has been categorized into the Ste20 family and has been reported to function in the regulation of cell polarity and migration. However, whether MST3 tyrosine phosphorylation regulates diverse signaling pathways is unknown. In this study, the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate was found to induce MST3 tyrosine phosphorylation in intact cells, and the activity of tyrosine-phosphorylated MST3 was measured. This tyrosine-directed phosphorylation was independent of MST3 activity. Parameters including protein conformation, Triton concentration and ionic concentration influenced the sensitivity of MST3 activity. Taken together, our data suggests that the serine/threonine kinase MST3 undergoes tyrosinedirected phosphorylation. The tyrosine-phosphorylated MST3 may create a docking site for the structurally conserved SH2/SH3 (Src Homology 2 and 3) domains within the Src oncoprotein. The unusual tyrosinephosphorylated MST3 may recruit MST3 to various signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Kan
- Department of Nephrology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Te-Ling Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Pin Ling
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsiu Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying F Huang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Jeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yui-Ping Weng
- Graduate Institute of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Chiang
- Department of Cardiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Optometry, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jin Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Tsuzuki Institute for Traditional Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Te-Jung Lu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 701, Taiwan.
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Cho CY, Lee KT, Chen WC, Wang CY, Chang YS, Huang HL, Hsu HP, Yen MC, Lai MZ, Lai MD. MST3 promotes proliferation and tumorigenicity through the VAV2/Rac1 signal axis in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 7:14586-604. [PMID: 26910843 PMCID: PMC4924737 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MST3 (mammalian STE20-like kinase 3) belongs to the Ste20 serine/threonine protein kinase family. The role of MST3 in tumor growth is less studied; therefore, we investigates the function of MST3 in breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that MST3 is overexpressed in human breast tumors. Online Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis reveals that overexpression of MST3 predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Knockdown of MST3 with shRNA inhibits proliferation and anchorage-independent growth in vitro. Downregulation of MST3 in triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells decreases tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice. MST3 interacts with VAV2, but not VAV3, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy. By domain mapping of MST3, we determine that the proline-rich region of MST3 (353KDIPKRP359) interacts with the SH3 domain of VAV2. Mutation of the two proline residues in this domain significantly attenuates the interaction between MST3 and VAV2. Overexpression of wild-type MST3 (WT-MST3), but not proline-rich-deleted MST3 (âP-MST3), enhances the proliferation rate and anchorage-independent growth of MDA-MB-468 cells. Overexpression of MST3 increases VAV2 phosphorylation and GTP-Rac1, whereas downregulation of MST3 or delivery of âP-MST3 results in a reduction of VAV2 and Rac1 activation. Knockdown of MST3 inhibits cyclin D1 protein expression. The Rac1 inhibitor EHop-016 attenuates cell proliferation induced by WT-MST3. Finally, Knockdown of MST3 or Rac1 inhibitor decreases cyclin D protein expression, which is important for tumor growth. These results indicate that MST3 interacts with VAV2 to activate Rac1 and promote the tumorigenicity of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuo-Ting Lee
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Ching Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chih-Yang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yung-Sheng Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hau-Lun Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ping Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Chi Yen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Zong Lai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Derg Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Signaling Research, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
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50
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Shi Z, Jiao S, Zhou Z. STRIPAK complexes in cell signaling and cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4549-57. [PMID: 26876214 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complexes are striatin-centered multicomponent supramolecular structures containing both kinases and phosphatases. STRIPAK complexes are evolutionarily conserved and have critical roles in protein (de)phosphorylation. Recent studies indicate that STRIPAK complexes are emerging mediators and regulators of multiple vital signaling pathways including Hippo, MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), nuclear receptor and cytoskeleton remodeling. Different types of STRIPAK complexes are extensively involved in a variety of fundamental biological processes ranging from cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis to metabolism, immune regulation and tumorigenesis. Growing evidence correlates dysregulation of STRIPAK complexes with human diseases including cancer. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the assembly and functions of STRIPAK complexes, with a special focus on cell signaling and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Z Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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