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Wei Y, Jiang Y, Lu Y, Hu Q. Histone modifications in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: pathogenesis insights and therapeutic implications. J Med Genet 2024:jmg-2024-110045. [PMID: 39327039 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2024-110045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a commonly encountered genetic ailment marked by loss-of-function mutations in the Dystrophin gene, ultimately resulting in progressive debilitation of skeletal muscle. The investigation into the pathogenesis of DMD has increasingly converged on the role of histone modifications within the broader context of epigenetic regulation. These modifications, including histone acetylation, methylation and phosphorylation, are catalysed by specific enzymes and play a critical role in gene expression. This article provides an overview of the histone modifications occurring in DMD and analyses the research progress and potential of different types of histone modifications in DMD due to changes in cellular signalling for muscle regeneration, to provide new insights into diagnostic and therapeutic options for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanning Wei
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Key Laboratory of Biological Molecular Medicine Research of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yufei Lu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiping Hu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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2
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Lozano-Velasco E, Garcia-Padilla C, Carmona-Garcia M, Gonzalez-Diaz A, Arequipa-Rendon A, Aranega AE, Franco D. MEF2C Directly Interacts with Pre-miRNAs and Distinct RNPs to Post-Transcriptionally Regulate miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 microRNA Cluster Member Expression. Noncoding RNA 2024; 10:32. [PMID: 38804364 PMCID: PMC11130849 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna10030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional regulation constitutes a key step in gene expression regulation. Myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) is a transcription factor of the MADS box family involved in the early development of several cell types, including muscle cells. Over the last decade, a novel layer of complexity modulating gene regulation has emerged as non-coding RNAs have been identified, impacting both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. microRNAs represent the most studied and abundantly expressed subtype of small non-coding RNAs, and their functional roles have been widely documented. On the other hand, our knowledge of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms that drive microRNA expression is still incipient. We recently demonstrated that MEF2C is able to transactivate the long, but not short, regulatory element upstream of the miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 transcriptional start site. However, MEF2C over-expression and silencing, respectively, displayed distinct effects on each of the miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 mature cluster members without affecting pri-miRNA expression levels, thus supporting additional MEF2C-driven regulatory mechanisms. Within this study, we demonstrated a complex post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism directed by MEF2C in the regulation of miR-23a-miR-27a-miR-24-2 cluster members, distinctly involving different domains of the MEF2C transcription factor and the physical interaction with pre-miRNAs and Ksrp, HnRNPa3 and Ddx17 transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Lozano-Velasco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Garcia-Padilla
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miguel Carmona-Garcia
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Alba Gonzalez-Diaz
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Angela Arequipa-Rendon
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
| | - Amelia E. Aranega
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Franco
- Cardiovascular Development Group, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaen, Spain; (E.L.-V.); (C.G.-P.); (M.C.-G.); (A.G.-D.); (A.A.-R.); (A.E.A.)
- Fundación Medina, 18016 Granada, Spain
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3
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Zhang P, Lu R. The Molecular and Biological Function of MEF2D in Leukemia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1459:379-403. [PMID: 39017853 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62731-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) is a key transcription factor (TF) in skeletal, cardiac, and neural tissue development and includes four isoforms: MEF2A, MEF2B, MEF2C, and MEF2D. These isoforms significantly affect embryonic development, nervous system regulation, muscle cell differentiation, B- and T-cell development, thymocyte selection, and effects on tumorigenesis and leukemia. This chapter describes the multifaceted roles of MEF2 family proteins, covering embryonic development, nervous system regulation, and muscle cell differentiation. It further elucidates the contribution of MEF2 to various blood and immune cell functions. Specifically, in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), MEF2D is aberrantly expressed and forms a fusion protein with BCL9, CSF1R, DAZAP1, HNRNPUL1, and SS18. These fusion proteins are closely related to the pathogenesis of leukemia. In addition, it specifically introduces the regulatory effect of MEF2D fusion protein on the proliferation and growth of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells. Finally, we detail the positive feedback loop between MEF2D and IRF8 that significantly promotes the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the importance of the ZMYND8-BRD4 interaction in regulating the IRF8 and MYC transcriptional programs. The MEF2D-CEBPE axis is highlighted as a key transcriptional mechanism controlling the block of leukemic cell self-renewal and differentiation in AML. This chapter starts with the structure and function of MEF2 family proteins, specifically summarizing and analyzing the role of MEF2D in B-ALL and AML, mediating the complex molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation and exploring their implications for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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4
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Sackerson C, Garcia V, Medina N, Maldonado J, Daly J, Cartwright R. Comparative analysis of the myoglobin gene in whales and humans reveals evolutionary changes in regulatory elements and expression levels. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284834. [PMID: 37643191 PMCID: PMC10464968 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetacea and other diving mammals have undergone numerous adaptations to their aquatic environment, among them high levels of the oxygen-carrying intracellular hemoprotein myoglobin in skeletal muscles. Hypotheses regarding the mechanisms leading to these high myoglobin levels often invoke the induction of gene expression by exercise, hypoxia, and other physiological gene regulatory pathways. Here we explore an alternative hypothesis: that cetacean myoglobin genes have evolved high levels of transcription driven by the intrinsic developmental mechanisms that drive muscle cell differentiation. We have used luciferase assays in differentiated C2C12 cells to test this hypothesis. Contrary to our hypothesis, we find that the myoglobin gene from the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, shows a low level of expression, only about 8% that of humans. This low expression level is broadly shared among cetaceans and artiodactylans. Previous work on regulation of the human gene has identified a core muscle-specific enhancer comprised of two regions, the "AT element" and a C-rich sequence 5' of the AT element termed the "CCAC-box". Analysis of the minke whale gene supports the importance of the AT element, but the minke whale CCAC-box ortholog has little effect. Instead, critical positive input has been identified in a G-rich region 3' of the AT element. Also, a conserved E-box in exon 1 positively affects expression, despite having been assigned a repressive role in the human gene. Last, a novel region 5' of the core enhancer has been identified, which we hypothesize may function as a boundary element. These results illustrate regulatory flexibility during evolution. We discuss the possibility that low transcription levels are actually beneficial, and that evolution of the myoglobin protein toward enhanced stability is a critical factor in the accumulation of high myoglobin levels in adult cetacean muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Sackerson
- Biology Department, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - Vivian Garcia
- Biology Department, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - Nicole Medina
- Biology Department, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Maldonado
- Biology Department, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - John Daly
- Biology Department, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, United States of America
| | - Rachel Cartwright
- Biology Department, California State University Channel Islands, Camarillo, California, United States of America
- The Keiki Kohola Project, Lahaina, Hawaii, United States of America
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5
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Moustafa A, Hashemi S, Brar G, Grigull J, Ng SHS, Williams D, Schmitt-Ulms G, McDermott JC. The MEF2A transcription factor interactome in cardiomyocytes. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:240. [PMID: 37019881 PMCID: PMC10076289 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05665-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional regulators encoded by the Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) gene family play a fundamental role in cardiac development, homeostasis and pathology. Previous studies indicate that MEF2A protein-protein interactions serve as a network hub in several cardiomyocyte cellular processes. Based on the idea that interactions with regulatory protein partners underly the diverse roles of MEF2A in cardiomyocyte gene expression, we undertook a systematic unbiased screen of the MEF2A protein interactome in primary cardiomyocytes using an affinity purification-based quantitative mass spectrometry approach. Bioinformatic processing of the MEF2A interactome revealed protein networks involved in the regulation of programmed cell death, inflammatory responses, actin dynamics and stress signaling in primary cardiomyocytes. Further biochemical and functional confirmation of specific protein-protein interactions documented a dynamic interaction between MEF2A and STAT3 proteins. Integration of transcriptome level data from MEF2A and STAT3-depleted cardiomyocytes reveals that the balance between MEF2A and STAT3 activity exerts a level of executive control over the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte cell survival and experimentally ameliorates Phenylephrine induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Lastly, we identified several MEF2A/STAT3 co-regulated genes, including the MMP9 gene. Herein, we document the cardiomyocyte MEF2A interactome, which furthers our understanding of protein networks involved in the hierarchical control of normal and pathophysiological cardiomyocyte gene expression in the mammalian heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Moustafa
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Sara Hashemi
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Seneca College, School of Health Sciences, King City, ON, L7B 1B3, Canada
| | - Gurnoor Brar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jörg Grigull
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J1P3, Canada
| | - Siemon H S Ng
- Analytical Sciences, Sanofi, Toronto, ON, M2R 3T4, Canada
- Analytical Development, Notch Therapeutics, Toronto, ON, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Declan Williams
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - Gerold Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
| | - John C McDermott
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Muscle Health Research Centre (MHRC), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
- Centre for Research in Biomolecular Interactions (CRBI), York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
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6
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Zare A, Salehpour A, Khoradmehr A, Bakhshalizadeh S, Najafzadeh V, Almasi-Turk S, Mahdipour M, Shirazi R, Tamadon A. Epigenetic Modification Factors and microRNAs Network Associated with Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Cardiomyocytes: A Review. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020569. [PMID: 36836926 PMCID: PMC9965891 DOI: 10.3390/life13020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
More research is being conducted on myocardial cell treatments utilizing stem cell lines that can develop into cardiomyocytes. All of the forms of cardiac illnesses have shown to be quite amenable to treatments using embryonic (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we reviewed the differentiation of these cell types into cardiomyocytes from an epigenetic standpoint. We also provided a miRNA network that is devoted to the epigenetic commitment of stem cells toward cardiomyocyte cells and related diseases, such as congenital heart defects, comprehensively. Histone acetylation, methylation, DNA alterations, N6-methyladenosine (m6a) RNA methylation, and cardiac mitochondrial mutations are explored as potential tools for precise stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Zare
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Aria Salehpour
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633196, Iran
| | - Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh
- Reproductive Development, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Vahid Najafzadeh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Sahar Almasi-Turk
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166653431, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Amin Tamadon
- PerciaVista R&D Co., Shiraz 7135644144, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (R.S.); (A.T.)
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7
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The Role of MEF2 Transcription Factor Family in Neuronal Survival and Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043120. [PMID: 36834528 PMCID: PMC9963821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors comprises four highly conserved members that play an important role in the nervous system. They appear in precisely defined time frames in the developing brain to turn on and turn off genes affecting growth, pruning and survival of neurons. MEF2s are known to dictate neuronal development, synaptic plasticity and restrict the number of synapses in the hippocampus, thus affecting learning and memory formation. In primary neurons, negative regulation of MEF2 activity by external stimuli or stress conditions is known to induce apoptosis, albeit the pro or antiapoptotic action of MEF2 depends on the neuronal maturation stage. By contrast, enhancement of MEF2 transcriptional activity protects neurons from apoptotic death both in vitro and in preclinical models of neurodegenerative diseases. A growing body of evidence places this transcription factor in the center of many neuropathologies associated with age-dependent neuronal dysfunctions or gradual but irreversible neuron loss. In this work, we discuss how the altered function of MEF2s during development and in adulthood affecting neuronal survival may be linked to neuropsychiatric disorders.
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8
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Shang S, Liu J, Hua F. Protein acylation: mechanisms, biological functions and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:396. [PMID: 36577755 PMCID: PMC9797573 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01245-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming is involved in the pathogenesis of not only cancers but also neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infectious diseases. With the progress of metabonomics and proteomics, metabolites have been found to affect protein acylations through providing acyl groups or changing the activities of acyltransferases or deacylases. Reciprocally, protein acylation is involved in key cellular processes relevant to physiology and diseases, such as protein stability, protein subcellular localization, enzyme activity, transcriptional activity, protein-protein interactions and protein-DNA interactions. Herein, we summarize the functional diversity and mechanisms of eight kinds of nonhistone protein acylations in the physiological processes and progression of several diseases. We also highlight the recent progress in the development of inhibitors for acyltransferase, deacylase, and acylation reader proteins for their potential applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Shang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Hua
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Mechanism and Target Discovery of Metabolic Disorder and Tumorigenesis, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, P.R. China
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9
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Metformin Attenuates Slow-to-Fast Fiber Shift and Proteolysis Markers Increase in Rat Soleus after 7 Days of Rat Hindlimb Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010503. [PMID: 36613942 PMCID: PMC9820761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle unloading leads to signaling alterations that cause muscle atrophy and weakness. The cellular energy sensor AMPK can regulate myofiber-type shift, calcium-dependent signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome system markers. We hypothesized that the prevention of p-AMPK downregulation during the first week of muscle unloading would impede atrophy development and the slow-to-fast shift of soleus muscle fibers, and the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo control (C), control rats treated with metformin (C + M), 7 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) + placebo (7HS), and 7 days of HS + metformin administration (7HS + M). In the soleus of the 7HS rats, we detected a slow-to-fast fiber-type shift as well as a significant downregulation of MEF-2D and p300 in the nuclei. In the 7HS group, we also found decreases in p-ACC (AMPK target) protein level and in the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and p-CaMK II protein level vs. the C group. The 7-day metformin treatment for soleus muscle unloading (1) prevented slow-to-fast fiber-type shift; (2) counteracted changes in the p-ACC protein level; (3) hindered changes in the nuclear protein level of the slow myosin expression activators MEF-2D and p300, but did not affect NFATc1 signaling; and (4) attenuated the unloading-induced upregulation of MuRF-1, atrogin-1, ubiquitin and myostatin mRNA expression, but did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy. Thus, metformin treatment during muscle disuse could be useful to prevent the decrease in the percentage of slow-type fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
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10
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Nayak M, Das D, Pradhan J, Ahmed R, Laureano-Melo R, Dandapat J. Epigenetic signature in neural plasticity: the journey so far and journey ahead. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12292. [PMID: 36590572 PMCID: PMC9798197 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity is a remarkable characteristic of the brain which allows neurons to rewire their structure in response to internal and external stimuli. Many external stimuli collectively referred to as 'epigenetic factors' strongly influence structural and functional reorganization of the brain, thereby acting as a potential driver of neural plasticity. DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation, and deacetylation are some of the frontline epigenetic mechanisms behind neural plasticity. Epigenetic signature molecules (mostly proteins) play a pivotal role in epigenetic reprogramming. Though neuro-epigenetics is an incredibly important field of emerging research, the critical role of signature proteins associated with epigenetic alteration and their involvement in neural plasticity needs further attention. This study gives an integrated and systematic overview of the current state of knowledge with a clear idea of types of neural plasticity and the context-dependent role of epigenetic signature molecules and their modulation by some natural bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusmita Nayak
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India,Centre of Excellence in Integrated Omics and Computational Biology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India
| | - Diptimayee Das
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India,Faculty of Allied Health Science, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai India
| | - Jyotsnarani Pradhan
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India,Corresponding author.
| | - R.G. Ahmed
- Division of Anatomy and Embryology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Barra Mansa University Center, R. Ver. Pinho de Carvalho, 267, 27330-550, Barra Mansa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jagneshwar Dandapat
- Post-Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India,Centre of Excellence in Integrated Omics and Computational Biology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India,Corresponding author.
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11
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Canté-Barrett K, Meijer MT, Cordo' V, Hagelaar R, Yang W, Yu J, Smits WK, Nulle ME, Jansen JP, Pieters R, Yang JJ, Haigh JJ, Goossens S, Meijerink JP. MEF2C opposes Notch in lymphoid lineage decision and drives leukemia in the thymus. JCI Insight 2022; 7:150363. [PMID: 35536646 PMCID: PMC9310523 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangements that drive ectopic MEF2C expression have recurrently been found in patients with human early thymocyte progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ETP-ALL). Here, we show high levels of MEF2C expression in patients with ETP-ALL. Using both in vivo and in vitro models of ETP-ALL, we demonstrate that elevated MEF2C expression blocks NOTCH-induced T cell differentiation while promoting a B-lineage program. MEF2C activates a B cell transcriptional program in addition to RUNX1, GATA3, and LMO2; upregulates the IL-7R; and boosts cell survival by upregulation of BCL2. MEF2C and the Notch pathway, therefore, demarcate opposite regulators of B- or T-lineage choices, respectively. Enforced MEF2C expression in mouse or human progenitor cells effectively blocks early T cell differentiation and promotes the development of biphenotypic lymphoid tumors that coexpress CD3 and CD19, resembling human mixed phenotype acute leukemia. Salt-inducible kinase (SIK) inhibitors impair MEF2C activity and alleviate the T cell developmental block. Importantly, this sensitizes cells to prednisolone treatment. Therefore, SIK-inhibiting compounds such as dasatinib are potentially valuable additions to standard chemotherapy for human ETP-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariska T Meijer
- Princess Máxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Valentina Cordo'
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rico Hagelaar
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wentao Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Childen's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Jiyang Yu
- Computational Biology Department, St. Jude Childen's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Willem K Smits
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marloes E Nulle
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joris P Jansen
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob Pieters
- Pieters Group, Princess Máxima Center for pediatric oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jun J Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, United States of America
| | - Jody J Haigh
- Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Steven Goossens
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jules Pp Meijerink
- Meijerink Group, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
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12
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Minisini M, Di Giorgio E, Kerschbamer E, Dalla E, Faggiani M, Franforte E, Meyer-Almes FJ, Ragno R, Antonini L, Mai A, Fiorentino F, Rotili D, Chinellato M, Perin S, Cendron L, Weichenberger CX, Angelini A, Brancolini C. Transcriptomic and genomic studies classify NKL54 as a histone deacetylase inhibitor with indirect influence on MEF2-dependent transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2566-2586. [PMID: 35150567 PMCID: PMC8934631 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In leiomyosarcoma class IIa HDACs (histone deacetylases) bind MEF2 and convert these transcription factors into repressors to sustain proliferation. Disruption of this complex with small molecules should antagonize cancer growth. NKL54, a PAOA (pimeloylanilide o-aminoanilide) derivative, binds a hydrophobic groove of MEF2, which is used as a docking site by class IIa HDACs. However, NKL54 could also act as HDAC inhibitor (HDACI). Therefore, it is unclear which activity is predominant. Here, we show that NKL54 and similar derivatives are unable to release MEF2 from binding to class IIa HDACs. Comparative transcriptomic analysis classifies these molecules as HDACIs strongly related to SAHA/vorinostat. Low expressed genes are upregulated by HDACIs, while abundant genes are repressed. This transcriptional resetting correlates with a reorganization of H3K27 acetylation around the transcription start site (TSS). Among the upregulated genes there are several BH3-only family members, thus explaining the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, NKL54 triggers the upregulation of MEF2 and the downregulation of class IIa HDACs. NKL54 also increases the binding of MEF2D to promoters of genes that are upregulated after treatment. In summary, although NKL54 cannot outcompete MEF2 from binding to class IIa HDACs, it supports MEF2-dependent transcription through several actions, including potentiation of chromatin binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Minisini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Emanuela Kerschbamer
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck. Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Massimo Faggiani
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Elisa Franforte
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine Italy
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Science, Haardtring 100, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Antonini
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorentino
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome 00185, Italy
| | - Monica Chinellato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Perin
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy.,European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Dorsoduro 3911, Calle Crosera, 30123 Venice, Italy
| | - Laura Cendron
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi, 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Christian X Weichenberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck. Via Galvani 31, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Angelini
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, 30172 Mestre, Italy.,European Centre for Living Technology (ECLT), Dorsoduro 3911, Calle Crosera, 30123 Venice, Italy
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine. P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine Italy
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13
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Krishnan RH, Sadu L, Das UR, Satishkumar S, Pranav Adithya S, Saranya I, Akshaya R, Selvamurugan N. Role of p300, a histone acetyltransferase enzyme, in osteoblast differentiation. Differentiation 2022; 124:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Transcription factor MEF2D is required for the maintenance of MLL-rearranged acute myeloid leukemia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:4727-4740. [PMID: 34597364 PMCID: PMC8759131 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021004469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MEF2D is highly expressed in MLL-rearranged AML and required for leukemia development in vitro and in vivo. MEF2D suppresses CEBPE-mediated myeloid differentiation in AML.
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with MLL-rearrangement (MLL-r) comprises ∼10% of all AML cases and portends poor outcomes. Much remains uncovered on how MLL-r AML drives leukemia development while preventing cells from normal myeloid differentiation. Here, we identified that transcription factor MEF2D is a super-enhancer-associated, highly expressed gene in MLL-r AML. Knockout of MEF2D profoundly impaired leukemia growth, induced myeloid differentiation, and delayed oncogenic progression in vivo. Mechanistically, MEF2D loss led to robust activation of a CEBPE-centered myeloid differentiation program in AML cells. Chromatin profiling revealed that MEF2D binds to and suppresses the chromatin accessibility of CEBPE cis-regulatory regions. In human acute leukemia samples, MEF2D expression showed a strong negative correlation with the expression of CEBPE. Depletion of CEBPE partially rescued the cell growth defect and myeloid cell differentiation induced by the loss of MEF2D. Lastly, we show that MEF2D is positively regulated by HOXA9, and downregulation of MEF2D is an important mechanism for DOT1L inhibitor-induced antileukemia effects. Collectively, our findings suggest that MEF2D plays a critical role in human MLL-r AML and uncover the MEF2D-CEBPE axis as a crucial transcriptional mechanism regulating leukemia cell self-renewal and differentiation block.
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15
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Zia A, Rashid S. Systematic transition modeling analysis in the MEF2B-DNA binding interface due to Y69H and K4E variants. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 108:108009. [PMID: 34418874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional coactivator myocyte enhancer factor 2B (MEF2B) mutations are the most common cause of germinal center-derived B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite well-established contributions in lymphomagenesis, the structure-function paradigms of these mutations are largely unknown. Here through in silico approaches, we present structural evaluation of two reported missense variants (K4E and Y69H) in MEF2B to investigate their impact on DNA-binding through molecular dynamics simulation assays. Notably, MEF2B-specific MADs box domain (Lys23, Arg24 and Lys31) and N-terminal loop residues (Gly2, Arg3, Lys4, Lys5, Ile6 and Asn13) contribute in DNA binding, while in MEF2BK4E, DNA binding is facilitated by Gly2, Arg3 and Arg91 (α3) residues. Conversely, in MEF2BY69H, Arg3, Lys5, Ser78, Arg79 and Asn81 residues mediate DNA binding. DNA binding induces pronounced conformational readjustments in MEF2BWT-specific α1-N-terminal loop region, while MEF2BY69H and MEF2BK4E exhibit fluctuations in both α1 and α3. Hydrogen (H)-bond occupancy analysis reveals a similar DNA binding behavior for MEF2WT and MEF2BY69H, compared to MEF2BK4E structure. The Anisotropic Network Model analysis depicts α1 and α3 as more fluctuant regions in MEF2BK4E as compared to other systems. MEF2BWT and MEF2BK4E, Tyr69 residue is involved in p300 binding thus possible influence of Y69H variation in the functions other than DNA binding, such as p300 co-activator recruitment may explain the reduced transcriptional activation of MEF2BY69H. Thus, present study may provide a structural basis of DNA recognition by pinpointing the underlying conformational changes in the dynamics of MEF2BK4E, MEF2BY69H, and MEF2BWT structures that may contribute in the identification of novel therapeutic strategies for lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayisha Zia
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sajid Rashid
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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16
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Kim YJ, Tamadon A, Kim YY, Kang BC, Ku SY. Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation from Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8599. [PMID: 34445302 PMCID: PMC8395249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With the intent to achieve the best modalities for myocardial cell therapy, different cell types are being evaluated as potent sources for differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells have great potential for future progress in the treatment of myocardial diseases. We reviewed aspects of epigenetic mechanisms that play a role in the differentiation of these cells into cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes proliferate during fetal life, and after birth, they undergo permanent terminal differentiation. Upregulation of cardiac-specific genes in adults induces hypertrophy due to terminal differentiation. The repression or expression of these genes is controlled by chromatin structural and epigenetic changes. However, few studies have reviewed and analyzed the epigenetic aspects of the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac lineage cells. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation and differentiation from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells through histone modification and microRNAs, the maintenance of pluripotency, and its alteration during cardiac lineage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea;
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Marine Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 14174, Iran;
| | - Yoon-Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
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17
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Di Giorgio E, Wang L, Xiong Y, Akimova T, Christensen LM, Han R, Samanta A, Trevisanut M, Bhatti TR, Beier UH, Hancock WW. MEF2D sustains activation of effector Foxp3+ Tregs during transplant survival and anticancer immunity. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:6242-6260. [PMID: 32790649 DOI: 10.1172/jci135486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor MEF2D is important in the regulation of differentiation and adaptive responses in many cell types. We found that among T cells, MEF2D gained new functions in Foxp3+ T regulatory (Treg) cells due to its interactions with the transcription factor Foxp3 and its release from canonical partners, like histone/protein deacetylases. Though not necessary for the generation and maintenance of Tregs, MEF2D was required for the expression of IL-10, CTLA4, and Icos, and for the acquisition of an effector Treg phenotype. At these loci, MEF2D acted both synergistically and additively to Foxp3, and downstream of Blimp1. Mice with the conditional deletion in Tregs of the gene encoding MEF2D were unable to maintain long-term allograft survival despite costimulation blockade, had enhanced antitumor immunity in syngeneic models, but displayed only minor evidence of autoimmunity when maintained under normal conditions. The role played by MEF2D in sustaining effector Foxp3+ Treg functions without abrogating their basal actions suggests its suitability for drug discovery efforts in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Liqing Wang
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yan Xiong
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Centre of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tatiana Akimova
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lanette M Christensen
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rongxiang Han
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arabinda Samanta
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matteo Trevisanut
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Tricia R Bhatti
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ulf H Beier
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Rugowska A, Starosta A, Konieczny P. Epigenetic modifications in muscle regeneration and progression of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:13. [PMID: 33468200 PMCID: PMC7814631 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01001-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a multisystemic disorder that affects 1:5000 boys. The severity of the phenotype varies dependent on the mutation site in the DMD gene and the resultant dystrophin expression profile. In skeletal muscle, dystrophin loss is associated with the disintegration of myofibers and their ineffective regeneration due to defective expansion and differentiation of the muscle stem cell pool. Some of these phenotypic alterations stem from the dystrophin absence-mediated serine-threonine protein kinase 2 (MARK2) misplacement/downregulation in activated muscle stem (satellite) cells and neuronal nitric oxide synthase loss in cells committed to myogenesis. Here, we trace changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and expression of regulatory noncoding RNAs during muscle regeneration, from the stage of satellite cells to myofibers. Furthermore, we describe the abrogation of these epigenetic regulatory processes due to changes in signal transduction in DMD and point to therapeutic treatments increasing the regenerative potential of diseased muscles based on this acquired knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rugowska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Alicja Starosta
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patryk Konieczny
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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19
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Yu A, Zheng Y, Gong Y, Yu R, Yang Z, Chen X. Adiponectin promotes myogenic differentiation via a Mef2C-AdipoR1 positive feedback loop. Gene 2020; 771:145380. [PMID: 33359123 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an important hormone that regulates systemic metabolism, and it has been reported that globular adiponectin promotes myogenic differentiation. However, the mechanisms by which adiponectin promotes myogenic differentiation is not fully understood. In the present study, we show that adiponectin and its receptor 1 are significantly up-regulated during myogenic differentiation and that adiponectin increased the expression level of a core myogenic regulator, Mef2C, which is required for the effects of adiponectin on promoting myogenic differentiation. A transcriptional inhibitor of Mef2C, HDAC9, was down-regulated by adiponectin. In turn, Mef2C overexpression up-regulates adiponectin and its receptor, AdipoR1, to increase myogenic differentiation. We showed that mechanistically, Mef2C directly binds to AdipoR1 promoter to transcriptionally up-regulate AdipoR1 expression, which is required for the effects of Mef2C overexpression on myogenic differentiation. Thus, adiponectin/AdipoR1 and Mef2c form a positive feedback loop to promote myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Yuqing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ruofan Yu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zaiqing Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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20
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Chopra A, Cho WC, Willmore WG, Biggar KK. Hypoxia-Inducible Lysine Methyltransferases: G9a and GLP Hypoxic Regulation, Non-histone Substrate Modification, and Pathological Relevance. Front Genet 2020; 11:579636. [PMID: 33088284 PMCID: PMC7495024 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.579636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen sensing is inherent among most animal lifeforms and is critical for organism survival. Oxygen sensing mechanisms collectively trigger cellular and physiological responses that enable adaption to a reduction in ideal oxygen levels. The major mechanism by which oxygen-responsive changes in the transcriptome occur are mediated through the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. Upon reduced oxygen conditions, HIF activates hypoxia-responsive gene expression programs. However, under normal oxygen conditions, the activity of HIF is regularly suppressed by cellular oxygen sensors; prolyl-4 and asparaginyl hydroxylases. Recently, these oxygen sensors have also been found to suppress the function of two lysine methyltransferases, G9a and G9a-like protein (GLP). In this manner, the methyltransferase activity of G9a and GLP are hypoxia-inducible and thus present a new avenue of low-oxygen signaling. Furthermore, G9a and GLP elicit lysine methylation on a wide variety of non-histone proteins, many of which are known to be regulated by hypoxia. In this article we aim to review the effects of oxygen on G9a and GLP function, non-histone methylation events inflicted by these methyltransferases, and the clinical relevance of these enzymes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Chopra
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - William G Willmore
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle K Biggar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Tan WLW, Anene-Nzelu CG, Wong E, Lee CJM, Tan HS, Tang SJ, Perrin A, Wu KX, Zheng W, Ashburn RJ, Pan B, Lee MY, Autio MI, Morley MP, Tam WL, Cheung C, Margulies KB, Chen L, Cappola TP, Loh M, Chambers J, Prabhakar S, Foo RSY. Epigenomes of Human Hearts Reveal New Genetic Variants Relevant for Cardiac Disease and Phenotype. Circ Res 2020; 127:761-777. [PMID: 32529949 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Identifying genetic markers for heterogeneous complex diseases such as heart failure is challenging and requires prohibitively large cohort sizes in genome-wide association studies to meet the stringent threshold of genome-wide statistical significance. On the other hand, chromatin quantitative trait loci, elucidated by direct epigenetic profiling of specific human tissues, may contribute toward prioritizing subthreshold variants for disease association. OBJECTIVE Here, we captured noncoding genetic variants by performing epigenetic profiling for enhancer H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing in 70 human control and end-stage failing hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS We have mapped a comprehensive catalog of 47 321 putative human heart enhancers and promoters. Three thousand eight hundred ninety-seven differential acetylation peaks (FDR [false discovery rate], 5%) pointed to pathways altered in heart failure. To identify cardiac histone acetylation quantitative trait loci (haQTLs), we regressed out confounding factors including heart failure disease status and used the G-SCI (Genotype-independent Signal Correlation and Imbalance) test1 to call out 1680 haQTLs (FDR, 10%). RNA sequencing performed on the same heart samples proved a subset of haQTLs to have significant association also to gene expression (expression quantitative trait loci), either in cis (180) or through long-range interactions (81), identified by Hi-C (high-throughput chromatin conformation assay) and HiChIP (high-throughput protein centric chromatin) performed on a subset of hearts. Furthermore, a concordant relationship between the gain or disruption of TF (transcription factor)-binding motifs, inferred from alternative alleles at the haQTLs, implied a surprising direct association between these specific TF and local histone acetylation in human hearts. Finally, 62 unique loci were identified by colocalization of haQTLs with the subthreshold loci of heart-related genome-wide association studies datasets. CONCLUSIONS Disease and phenotype association for 62 unique loci are now implicated. These loci may indeed mediate their effect through modification of enhancer H3K27 acetylation enrichment and their corresponding gene expression differences (bioRxiv: https://doi.org/10.1101/536763). Graphical Abstract: A graphical abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Lek Wen Tan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Eleanor Wong
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Chang Jie Mick Lee
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Hui San Tan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Sze Jing Tang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore (S.J.T., W.L.T., L.C.)
| | - Arnaud Perrin
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Kan Xing Wu
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (K.X.W., C.C., M.L., J.C.)
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Robert John Ashburn
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Bangfen Pan
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - May Yin Lee
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Matias Ilmari Autio
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Michael P Morley
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.P.M., K.B.M., T.P.C.)
| | - Wai Leong Tam
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore (S.J.T., W.L.T., L.C.)
| | - Christine Cheung
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (K.X.W., C.C., M.L., J.C.)
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore (C.C.)
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.P.M., K.B.M., T.P.C.)
| | - Leilei Chen
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore (S.J.T., W.L.T., L.C.)
| | - Thomas P Cappola
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perlman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (M.P.M., K.B.M., T.P.C.)
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (K.X.W., C.C., M.L., J.C.)
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London (M.L., J.C.), United Kingdom
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.L., J.C.)
| | - John Chambers
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (K.X.W., C.C., M.L., J.C.)
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London (M.L., J.C.), United Kingdom
- Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West Healthcare NHS Trust, United Kingdom (J.C.)
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom (M.L., J.C.)
| | - Shyam Prabhakar
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., B.P., M.I.A., R.S.Y.F.)
- Genome Institute of Singapore (W.L.W.T., C.G.A.-N., E.W., C.J.M.L., H.S.T., A.P., Z.W., R.J.A., B.P., L.M.Y., M.I.A., W.L.T., S.P., R.S.Y.F.)
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22
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Nath SR, Lieberman ML, Yu Z, Marchioretti C, Jones ST, Danby ECE, Van Pelt KM, Sorarù G, Robins DM, Bates GP, Pennuto M, Lieberman AP. MEF2 impairment underlies skeletal muscle atrophy in polyglutamine disease. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 140:63-80. [PMID: 32306066 PMCID: PMC7166004 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) tract expansion leads to proteotoxic misfolding and drives a family of nine diseases. We study spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a progressive degenerative disorder of the neuromuscular system caused by the polyQ androgen receptor (AR). Using a knock-in mouse model of SBMA, AR113Q mice, we show that E3 ubiquitin ligases which are a hallmark of the canonical muscle atrophy machinery are not induced in AR113Q muscle. Similarly, we find no evidence to suggest dysfunction of signaling pathways that trigger muscle hypertrophy or impairment of the muscle stem cell niche. Instead, we find that skeletal muscle atrophy is characterized by diminished function of the transcriptional regulator Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2), a regulator of myofiber homeostasis. Decreased expression of MEF2 target genes is age- and glutamine tract length-dependent, occurs due to polyQ AR proteotoxicity, and is associated with sequestration of MEF2 into intranuclear inclusions in muscle. Skeletal muscle from R6/2 mice, a model of Huntington disease which develops progressive atrophy, also sequesters MEF2 into inclusions and displays age-dependent loss of MEF2 target genes. Similarly, SBMA patient muscle shows loss of MEF2 target gene expression, and restoring MEF2 activity in AR113Q muscle rescues fiber size and MEF2-regulated gene expression. This work establishes MEF2 impairment as a novel mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy downstream of toxic polyglutamine proteins and as a therapeutic target for muscle atrophy in these disorders.
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23
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miR-615 Fine-Tunes Growth and Development and Has a Role in Cancer and in Neural Repair. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071566. [PMID: 32605009 PMCID: PMC7408929 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that function as epigenetic modulators regulating almost any gene expression. Similarly, other noncoding RNAs, as well as epigenetic modifications, can regulate miRNAs. This reciprocal interaction forms a miRNA-epigenetic feedback loop, the deregulation of which affects physiological processes and contributes to a great diversity of diseases. In the present review, we focus on miR-615, a miRNA highly conserved across eutherian mammals. It is involved not only during embryogenesis in the regulation of growth and development, for instance during osteogenesis and angiogenesis, but also in the regulation of cell growth and the proliferation and migration of cells, acting as a tumor suppressor or tumor promoter. It therefore serves as a biomarker for several types of cancer, and recently has also been found to be involved in reparative processes and neural repair. In addition, we present the pleiad of functions in which miR-615 is involved, as well as their multiple target genes and the multiple regulatory molecules involved in its own expression. We do this by introducing in a comprehensible way the reported knowledge of their actions and interactions and proposing an integral view of its regulatory mechanisms.
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24
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Svensson K, LaBarge SA, Sathe A, Martins VF, Tahvilian S, Cunliffe JM, Sasik R, Mahata SK, Meyer GA, Philp A, David LL, Ward SR, McCurdy CE, Aslan JE, Schenk S. p300 and cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein in skeletal muscle homeostasis, contractile function, and survival. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:464-477. [PMID: 31898871 PMCID: PMC7113519 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reversible ε-amino acetylation of lysine residues regulates transcription as well as metabolic flux; however, roles for specific lysine acetyltransferases in skeletal muscle physiology and function are unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the related acetyltransferases p300 and cAMP response element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP) in skeletal muscle transcriptional homeostasis and physiology in adult mice. METHODS Mice with skeletal muscle-specific and inducible knockout of p300 and CBP (PCKO) were generated by crossing mice with a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase expressed under the human α-skeletal actin promoter with mice having LoxP sites flanking exon 9 of the Ep300 and Crebbp genes. Knockout of PCKO was induced at 13-15 weeks of age via oral gavage of tamoxifen for 5 days to both PCKO and littermate control [wildtype (WT)] mice. Body composition, food intake, and muscle function were assessed on day 0 (D0) through 5 (D5). Microarray and tandem mass tag mass spectrometry analyses were performed to assess global RNA and protein levels in skeletal muscle of PCKO and WT mice. RESULTS At D5 after initiating tamoxifen treatment, there was a reduction in body weight (-15%), food intake (-78%), stride length (-46%), and grip strength (-45%) in PCKO compared with WT mice. Additionally, ex vivo contractile function [tetanic tension (kPa)] was severely impaired in PCKO vs. WT mice at D3 (~70-80% lower) and D5 (~80-95% lower) and resulted in lethality within 1 week-a phenotype that is reversed by the presence of a single allele of either p300 or CBP. The impaired muscle function in PCKO mice was paralleled by substantial transcriptional alterations (3310 genes; false discovery rate < 0.1), especially in gene networks central to muscle contraction and structural integrity. This transcriptional uncoupling was accompanied by changes in protein expression patterns indicative of impaired muscle function, albeit to a smaller magnitude (446 proteins; fold-change > 1.25; false discovery rate < 0.1). CONCLUSIONS These data reveal that p300 and CBP are required for the control and maintenance of contractile function and transcriptional homeostasis in skeletal muscle and, ultimately, organism survival. By extension, modulating p300/CBP function may hold promise for the treatment of disorders characterized by impaired contractile function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel A LaBarge
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Abha Sathe
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shahriar Tahvilian
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Cunliffe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Roman Sasik
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy and Departments of Neurology, Biomedical Engineering and Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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25
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Xiang J, Zhang N, Sun H, Su L, Zhang C, Xu H, Feng J, Wang M, Chen J, Liu L, Shan J, Shen J, Yang Z, Wang G, Zhou H, Prieto J, Ávila MA, Liu C, Qian C. Disruption of SIRT7 Increases the Efficacy of Checkpoint Inhibitor via MEF2D Regulation of Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 1 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:664-678.e24. [PMID: 31678303 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Immune checkpoint inhibitors have some efficacy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), expressed on some cancer cells, binds to the receptor programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, also called PD1) on T cells to prevent their proliferation and reduce the antigen-tumor immune response. Immune cells that infiltrate some types of HCCs secrete interferon gamma (IFNG). Some HCC cells express myocyte enhancer factor 2D (MEF2D), which has been associated with shorter survival times of patients. We studied whether HCC cell expression of MEF2D regulates expression of PD-L1 in response to IFNG. METHODS We analyzed immune cells from 20 fresh HCC tissues by flow cytometry. We analyzed 225 fixed HCC tissues (from 2 cohorts) from patients in China by immunohistochemistry and obtained survival data. We created mice with liver-specific knockout of MEF2D (MEF2DLPC-KO mice). We knocked out or knocked down MEF2D, E1A binding protein p300 (p300), or sirtuin 7 (SIRT7) in SMMC-7721, Huh7, H22, and Hepa1-6 HCC cell lines, some incubated with IFNG. We analyzed liver tissues from mice and cell lines by RNA sequencing, immunoblot, dual luciferase reporter, and chromatin precipitation assays. MEF2D protein acetylation and proteins that interact with MEF2D were identified by coimmunoprecipitation and pull-down assays. H22 cells, with MEF2D knockout or without (controls), were transplanted into BALB/c mice, and some mice were given antibodies to deplete T cells. Mice bearing orthotopic tumors grown from HCC cells, with or without knockout of SIRT7, were given injections of an antibody against PD1. Growth of tumors was measured, and tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. RESULTS In human HCC specimens, we found an inverse correlation between level of MEF2D and numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; level of MEF2D correlated with percentages of PD1-positive or TIM3-positive CD8+ T cells. Knockout of MEF2D from H22 cells reduced their growth as allograft tumors in immune-competent mice but not in immune-deficient mice or mice with depletion of CD8+ T cells. When MEF2D-knockout cells were injected into immune-competent mice, they formed smaller tumors that had increased infiltration and activation of T cells compared with control HCC cells. In human and mouse HCC cells, MEF2D knockdown or knockout reduced expression of PD-L1. MEF2D bound the promoter region of the CD274 gene (encodes PD-L1) and activated its transcription. Overexpression of p300 in HCC cells, or knockout of SIRT7, promoted acetylation of MEF2D and increased its binding, along with acetylated histones, to the promoter region of CD274. Exposure of HCC cells to IFNG induced expression of p300 and its binding MEF2D, which reduced the interaction between MEF2D and SIRT7. MEF2D-induced expression of PD-L1 upon IFNG exposure was independent of interferon-regulatory factors 1 or 9. In HCC cells not exposed to IFNG, SIRT7 formed a complex with MEF2D that attenuated expression of PD-L1. Knockout of SIRT7 reduced proliferation of HCC cells and growth of tumors in immune-deficient mice. Compared with allograft tumors grown from control HCC cells, in immune-competent mice, tumors grown from SIRT7-knockout HCC cells expressed higher levels of PD-L1 and had reduced infiltration and activation of T cells. In immune-competent mice given antibodies to PD1, allograft tumors grew more slowly from SIRT7-knockout HCC cells than from control HCC cells. CONCLUSIONS Expression of MEF2D by HCC cells increases their expression of PD-L1, which prevents CD8+ T-cell-mediated antitumor immunity. When HCC cells are exposed to IFNG, p300 acetylates MEF2D, causing it to bind the CD274 gene promoter and up-regulate PD-L1 expression. In addition to promoting HCC cell proliferation, SIRT7 reduced acetylation of MEF2D and expression of PD-L1 in HCC cells not exposed to IFNG. Strategies to manipulate this pathway might increase the efficacy of immune therapies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Xiang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ni Zhang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Su
- Department of Oncology, Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huailong Xu
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Liu
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Juanjuan Shan
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junjie Shen
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqin Wang
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haijun Zhou
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jesus Prieto
- Hepatology Program. Cima, University of Navarra; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona; CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías A Ávila
- Hepatology Program. Cima, University of Navarra; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias de Navarra-IdiSNA, Pamplona; CIBERehd, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Chungang Liu
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Center of Biotherapy, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center for Precision Medicine of Cancer, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China.
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Emamgholipour S, Ebrahimi R, Bahiraee A, Niazpour F, Meshkani R. Acetylation and insulin resistance: a focus on metabolic and mitogenic cascades of insulin signaling. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2020:1-19. [DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1699498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Solaleh Emamgholipour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhane Ebrahimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahiraee
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Farshad Niazpour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Attems J. The first year. Acta Neuropathol 2020; 139:1-2. [PMID: 31832772 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02113-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK.
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28
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Rhim C, E. Kraus W, A. Truskey G. Biomechanical effects on microRNA expression in skeletal muscle differentiation. AIMS BIOENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/bioeng.2020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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29
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Bianchi A, Manti PG, Lucini F, Lanzuolo C. Mechanotransduction, nuclear architecture and epigenetics in Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy: tous pour un, un pour tous. Nucleus 2019; 9:276-290. [PMID: 29619865 PMCID: PMC5973142 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2018.1460044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the several roles that Lamin A/C plays in the mammalian cell leads to a broad spectrum of pathologies that – all together – are named laminopathies. Among those, the Emery Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD) is of particular interest as, despite the several known mutations of Lamin A/C, the genotype–phenotype correlation still remains poorly understood; this suggests that the epigenetic background of patients might play an important role during the time course of the disease. Historically, both a mechanical role of Lamin A/C and a regulative one have been suggested as the driving force of laminopathies; however, those two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive. Recent scientific evidence shows that Lamin A/C sustains the correct gene expression at the epigenetic level thanks to the Lamina Associated Domains (LADs) reorganization and the crosstalk with the Polycomb Group of Proteins (PcG). Furthermore, the PcG-dependent histone mark H3K27me3 increases under mechanical stress, finally pointing out the link between the mechano-properties of the nuclear lamina and epigenetics. Here, we summarize the emerging mechanisms that could explain the high variability seen in Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bianchi
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | | | - Federica Lucini
- b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- a CNR Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy.,b Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi , Milan , Italy.,c Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Fondazione Santa Lucia , Rome , Italy
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30
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Emerging roles for MEF2 in brain development and mental disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 59:49-58. [PMID: 31129473 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The MEF2 family of transcription factors regulate large programs of gene expression important for the development and maintenance of many tissues, including the brain. MEF2 proteins are regulated by neuronal synaptic activity, and they recruit several epigenetic enzymes to influence chromatin structure and gene expression during development and throughout adulthood. Here, we provide a brief review of the recent literature reporting important roles for MEF2 during early brain development and function, and we highlight emerging roles for MEF2 as a risk factor for multiple neurodevelopmental disorders and mental illnesses, such as autism, intellectual disability, and schizophrenia.
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Mallm JP, Iskar M, Ishaque N, Klett LC, Kugler SJ, Muino JM, Teif VB, Poos AM, Großmann S, Erdel F, Tavernari D, Koser SD, Schumacher S, Brors B, König R, Remondini D, Vingron M, Stilgenbauer S, Lichter P, Zapatka M, Mertens D, Rippe K. Linking aberrant chromatin features in chronic lymphocytic leukemia to transcription factor networks. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8339. [PMID: 31118277 PMCID: PMC6529931 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a diverse set of genetic mutations is embedded in a deregulated epigenetic landscape that drives cancerogenesis. To elucidate the role of aberrant chromatin features, we mapped DNA methylation, seven histone modifications, nucleosome positions, chromatin accessibility, binding of EBF1 and CTCF, as well as the transcriptome of B cells from CLL patients and healthy donors. A globally increased histone deacetylase activity was detected and half of the genome comprised transcriptionally downregulated partially DNA methylated domains demarcated by CTCF CLL samples displayed a H3K4me3 redistribution and nucleosome gain at promoters as well as changes of enhancer activity and enhancer linkage to target genes. A DNA binding motif analysis identified transcription factors that gained or lost binding in CLL at sites with aberrant chromatin features. These findings were integrated into a gene regulatory enhancer containing network enriched for B-cell receptor signaling pathway components. Our study predicts novel molecular links to targets of CLL therapies and provides a valuable resource for further studies on the epigenetic contribution to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Philipp Mallm
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Murat Iskar
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naveed Ishaque
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics and Heidelberg Center for Personalized Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lara C Klett
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina J Kugler
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jose M Muino
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir B Teif
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Alexandra M Poos
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Großmann
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Erdel
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Daniele Tavernari
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra D Koser
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schumacher
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer König
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center, Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Network Modeling, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans Knöll Institute Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Daniel Remondini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bologna University, Bologna, Italy
| | - Martin Vingron
- Department of Computational Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lichter
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Zapatka
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- Division of Chromatin Networks, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Bioquant, Heidelberg, Germany
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32
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MEF-2 isoforms' (A-D) roles in development and tumorigenesis. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2755-2787. [PMID: 31105874 PMCID: PMC6505634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocyte enhancer factor (MEF)-2 plays a critical role in proliferation, differentiation, and development of various cell types in a tissue specific manner. Four isoforms of MEF-2 (A-D) differentially participate in controlling the cell fate during the developmental phases of cardiac, muscle, vascular, immune and skeletal systems. Through their associations with various cellular factors MEF-2 isoforms can trigger alterations in complex protein networks and modulate various stages of cellular differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. The role of the MEF-2 family of transcription factors in the development has been investigated in various cell types, and the evolving alterations in this family of transcription factors have resulted in a diverse and wide spectrum of disease phenotypes, ranging from cancer to infection. This review provides a comprehensive account on MEF-2 isoforms (A-D) from their respective localization, signaling, role in development and tumorigenesis as well as their association with histone deacetylases (HDACs), which can be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
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CBP and P300 regulate distinct gene networks required for human primary myoblast differentiation and muscle integrity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12629. [PMID: 30135524 PMCID: PMC6105712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The acetyltransferases CBP and P300 have been implicated in myogenesis in mouse immortalized cell lines but these studies focused only on the expression of a handful of myogenic factors. Hence, the respective role of these two related cofactors and their impact at global scale on gene expression rewiring during primary myoblast differentiation remain unknown. Here, we characterised the gene networks regulated by these two epigenetic enzymes during human primary myoblast differentiation (HPM). We found that CBP and p300 play a critical role in the activation of the myogenic program and mostly regulate distinct gene sets to control several aspects of HPM biology, even though they also exhibit some degree of redundancy. Moreover, CBP or P300 knockdown strongly impaired muscle cell adhesion and resulted in the activation of inflammation markers, two hallmarks of dystrophic disease. This was further validated in zebrafish where inhibition of CBP and P300 enzymatic activities led to cell adhesion defects and muscle fiber detachment. Our data highlight an unforeseen link between CBP/P300 activity and the emergence of dystrophic phenotypes. They thereby identify CBP and P300 as mediators of adult muscle integrity and suggest a new lead for intervention in muscular dystrophy.
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Di Giorgio E, Hancock WW, Brancolini C. MEF2 and the tumorigenic process, hic sunt leones. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:261-273. [PMID: 29879430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While MEF2 transcription factors are well known to cooperate in orchestrating cell fate and adaptive responses during development and adult life, additional studies over the last decade have identified a wide spectrum of genetic alterations of MEF2 in different cancers. The consequences of these alterations, including triggering and maintaining the tumorigenic process, are not entirely clear. A deeper knowledge of the molecular pathways that regulate MEF2 expression and function, as well as the nature and consequences of MEF2 mutations are necessary to fully understand the many roles of MEF2 in malignant cells. This review discusses the current knowledge of MEF2 transcription factors in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eros Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Wayne W Hancock
- Division of Transplant Immunology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Biesecker Center for Pediatric Liver Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claudio Brancolini
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, P.le Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy.
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35
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Ichihara M, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. The MEF2A and MEF2D function as scaffold proteins that interact with HDAC1 or p300 in SOD3 expression in THP-1 cells. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:799-807. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1475730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Ichihara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
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36
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Murray RL, Zhang W, Iwaniuk M, Grilli E, Stahl CH. Dietary tributyrin, an HDAC inhibitor, promotes muscle growth through enhanced terminal differentiation of satellite cells. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13706. [PMID: 29845774 PMCID: PMC5974723 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle growth and repair rely on two main mechanisms - myonuclear accretion and subsequent protein accumulation. Altering the ability of muscle resident stem cells (satellite cells) to progress through their myogenic lineage can have a profound effect on lifetime muscle growth and repair. The use of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, butyrate, has had positive outcomes on the in vitro promotion of satellite cell myogenesis. In animal models, the use of butyrate has had promising results in treating myopathic conditions as well as improving growth efficiency, but the impact of dietary butyrate on satellite cells and muscle growth has not been elucidated. We investigated the impact of tributyrin, a butyrate prodrug, on satellite cell activity and muscle growth in a piglet model. Satellite cells from tributyrin-treated piglets had altered myogenic potential, and piglets receiving tributyrin had a ~40% increase in DNA:protein ratio after 21 days, indicating the potential for enhanced muscle growth. To assess muscle growth potential, piglets were supplemented tributyrin (0.5%) during either the neonatal phase (d1-d21) and/or the nursery phase (d21-d58) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Piglets who received tributyrin during the neonatal phase had improved growth performance at the end of the study and had a ~10% larger loin eye area and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Tributyrin treatment in the nursery phase alone did not have a significant effect on muscle growth or feed efficiency. These findings suggest that tributyrin is a potent promoter of muscle growth via altered satellite cell myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Murray
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Marie Iwaniuk
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
| | - Ester Grilli
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano EmiliaBolognaItaly
| | - Chad H. Stahl
- Department of Animal and Avian SciencesUniversity of Maryland‐College ParkCollege ParkMaryland
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37
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Brown FC, Still E, Koche RP, Yim CY, Takao S, Cifani P, Reed C, Gunasekera S, Ficarro SB, Romanienko P, Mark W, McCarthy C, de Stanchina E, Gonen M, Seshan V, Bhola P, O'Donnell C, Spitzer B, Stutzke C, Lavallée VP, Hébert J, Krivtsov AV, Melnick A, Paietta EM, Tallman MS, Letai A, Sauvageau G, Pouliot G, Levine R, Marto JA, Armstrong SA, Kentsis A. MEF2C Phosphorylation Is Required for Chemotherapy Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Discov 2018; 8:478-497. [PMID: 29431698 PMCID: PMC5882571 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chemotherapy resistance remains prevalent and poorly understood. Using functional proteomics of patient AML specimens, we identified MEF2C S222 phosphorylation as a specific marker of primary chemoresistance. We found that Mef2cS222A/S222A knock-in mutant mice engineered to block MEF2C phosphorylation exhibited normal hematopoiesis, but were resistant to leukemogenesis induced by MLL-AF9 MEF2C phosphorylation was required for leukemia stem cell maintenance and induced by MARK kinases in cells. Treatment with the selective MARK/SIK inhibitor MRT199665 caused apoptosis and conferred chemosensitivity in MEF2C-activated human AML cell lines and primary patient specimens, but not those lacking MEF2C phosphorylation. These findings identify kinase-dependent dysregulation of transcription factor control as a determinant of therapy response in AML, with immediate potential for improved diagnosis and therapy for this disease.Significance: Functional proteomics identifies phosphorylation of MEF2C in the majority of primary chemotherapy-resistant AML. Kinase-dependent dysregulation of this transcription factor confers susceptibility to MARK/SIK kinase inhibition in preclinical models, substantiating its clinical investigation for improved diagnosis and therapy of AML. Cancer Discov; 8(4); 478-97. ©2018 AACR.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 371.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Cell Line
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/chemistry
- MEF2 Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proteomics
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona C Brown
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Eric Still
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Christina Y Yim
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sumiko Takao
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Paolo Cifani
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Casie Reed
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shehana Gunasekera
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Scott B Ficarro
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Romanienko
- Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Willie Mark
- Mouse Genetics Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Craig McCarthy
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mithat Gonen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Conor O'Donnell
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Barbara Spitzer
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrei V Krivtsov
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ari Melnick
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Elisabeth M Paietta
- Montefiore Medical Center-North Division, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York
| | - Martin S Tallman
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gayle Pouliot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ross Levine
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alex Kentsis
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pharmacology, and Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
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Lv Z, Hu M, Fan M, Li X, Lin J, Zhen J, Wang Z, Jin H, Wang R. Podocyte-specific Rac1 deficiency ameliorates podocyte damage and proteinuria in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy in mice. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:342. [PMID: 29497040 PMCID: PMC5832796 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) has been implicated in diverse kidney diseases, yet its in vivo significance in diabetic nephropathy (DN) is largely unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated a podocyte-specific Rac1-deficient mouse strain and showed that specific inhibition of Rac1 was able to attenuate diabetic podocyte injury and proteinuria by the blockade of Rac1/PAK1/p38/β-catenin signaling cascade, which reinstated the integrity of podocyte slit diaphragms (SD), rectified the effacement of foot processes (FPs), and prevented the dedifferentiation of podocytes. In vitro, we showed Rac1/PAK1 physically bound to β-catenin and had a direct phosphorylation modification on its C-terminal Ser675, leading to less ubiquitylated β-catenin, namely more stabilized β-catenin, and its nuclear migration under high-glucose conditions; further, p38 activation might be responsible for β-catenin nuclear accumulation via potentiating myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF2c) phosphorylation. These findings provided evidence for a potential renoprotective and therapeutic strategy of cell-specific Rac1 deficiency for DN and other proteinuric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Lv
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengsi Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghua Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiangong Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haijun Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine Clinic, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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39
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Chen X, Gao B, Ponnusamy M, Lin Z, Liu J. MEF2 signaling and human diseases. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112152-112165. [PMID: 29340119 PMCID: PMC5762387 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The members of myocyte Enhancer Factor 2 (MEF2) protein family was previously believed to function in the development of heart and muscle. Recent reports indicate that they are also closely associated with development and progression of many human diseases. Although their role in cancer biology is well established, the molecular mechanisms underlying their action is yet largely unknown. MEF2 family is closely associated with various signaling pathways, including Ca2+ signaling, MAP kinase signaling, Wnt signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, etc. microRNAs also contribute to regulate the activities of MEF2. In this review, we summarize the known molecular mechanism by which MEF2 family contribute to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Bing Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Murugavel Ponnusamy
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Zhijuan Lin
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China
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40
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Taylor MV, Hughes SM. Mef2 and the skeletal muscle differentiation program. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:33-44. [PMID: 29154822 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mef2 is a conserved and significant transcription factor in the control of muscle gene expression. In cell culture Mef2 synergises with MyoD-family members in the activation of gene expression and in the conversion of fibroblasts into myoblasts. Amongst its in vivo roles, Mef2 is required for both Drosophila muscle development and mammalian muscle regeneration. Mef2 has functions in other cell-types too, but this review focuses on skeletal muscle and surveys key findings on Mef2 from its discovery, shortly after that of MyoD, up to the present day. In particular, in vivo functions, underpinning mechanisms and areas of uncertainty are highlighted. We describe how Mef2 sits at a nexus in the gene expression network that controls the muscle differentiation program, and how Mef2 activity must be regulated in time and space to orchestrate specific outputs within the different aspects of muscle development. A theme that emerges is that there is much to be learnt about the different Mef2 proteins (from different paralogous genes, spliced transcripts and species) and how the activity of these proteins is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Taylor
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK.
| | - Simon M Hughes
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL UK
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41
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Wei J, Joshi S, Speransky S, Crowley C, Jayathilaka N, Lei X, Wu Y, Gai D, Jain S, Hoosien M, Gao Y, Chen L, Bishopric NH. Reversal of pathological cardiac hypertrophy via the MEF2-coregulator interface. JCI Insight 2017; 2:91068. [PMID: 28878124 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy, as a response to hemodynamic stress, is associated with cardiac dysfunction and death, but whether hypertrophy itself represents a pathological process remains unclear. Hypertrophy is driven by changes in myocardial gene expression that require the MEF2 family of DNA-binding transcription factors, as well as the nuclear lysine acetyltransferase p300. Here we used genetic and small-molecule probes to determine the effects of preventing MEF2 acetylation on cardiac adaptation to stress. Both nonacetylatable MEF2 mutants and 8MI, a molecule designed to interfere with MEF2-coregulator binding, prevented hypertrophy in cultured cardiac myocytes. 8MI prevented cardiac hypertrophy in 3 distinct stress models, and reversed established hypertrophy in vivo, associated with normalization of myocardial structure and function. The effects of 8MI were reversible, and did not prevent training effects of swimming. Mechanistically, 8MI blocked stress-induced MEF2 acetylation, nuclear export of class II histone deacetylases HDAC4 and -5, and p300 induction, without impeding HDAC4 phosphorylation. Correspondingly, 8MI transformed the transcriptional response to pressure overload, normalizing almost all 232 genes dysregulated by hemodynamic stress. We conclude that MEF2 acetylation is required for development and maintenance of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and that blocking MEF2 acetylation can permit recovery from hypertrophy without impairing physiologic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaurya Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, and
| | | | | | - Nimanthi Jayathilaka
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiao Lei
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yongqing Wu
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Gai
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sumit Jain
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, and
| | | | | | - Lin Chen
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nanette H Bishopric
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, and.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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42
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Aguilar OA, Hadj-Moussa H, Storey KB. Freeze-responsive regulation of MEF2 proteins and downstream gene networks in muscles of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. J Therm Biol 2017; 67:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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43
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Ohashi A, Yasuda H, Kamiya T, Hara H, Adachi T. CAPE increases the expression of SOD3 through epigenetics in human retinal endothelial cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:6-13. [PMID: 28751803 PMCID: PMC5525008 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.16-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide, plays a key role in vascular protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS). The excess generation of ROS is closely involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR); therefore, the maintenance of SOD3 expression at high levels is important for the prevention of DR. In the present study, we showed that caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) increased the expression of SOD3 through the acetylation of histone within the SOD3 promoter region in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs). Histone acetylation within its promoter was focused on the inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC), and we examined the involvement of myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) and HDAC1 in CAPE-elicited SOD3 expression. Our results demonstrate that SOD3 silencing in basal HRECs is regulated by HDAC1 composed with MEF2A/2D hetero dimers. Moreover, phosphorylation of threonine 312 in MEF2A and dissociation of HDAC1 from SOD3 promoter play pivotal roles in CAPE-elicited SOD3 expression. Overall, our findings provide that CAPE may be one of the seed compounds that maintain redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ohashi
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kamiya
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hara
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Adachi
- Department of Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi, Gifu 501-1196, Japan
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44
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Pon JR, Marra MA. MEF2 transcription factors: developmental regulators and emerging cancer genes. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2297-312. [PMID: 26506234 PMCID: PMC4823036 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The MEF2 transcription factors have roles in muscle, cardiac, skeletal, vascular, neural, blood and immune system cell development through their effects on cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, shape and metabolism. Altered MEF2 activity plays a role in human diseases and has recently been implicated in the development of several cancer types. In particular, MEF2B, the most divergent and least studied protein of the MEF2 family, has a role unique from its paralogs in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The use of genome-scale technologies has enabled comprehensive MEF2 target gene sets to be identified, contributing to our understanding of MEF2 proteins as nodes in complex regulatory networks. This review surveys the molecular interactions of MEF2 proteins and their effects on cellular and organismal phenotypes. We include a discussion of the emerging roles of MEF2 proteins as oncogenes and tumor suppressors of cancer. Throughout this article we highlight similarities and differences between the MEF2 family proteins, including a focus on functions of MEF2B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Pon
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Marco A Marra
- Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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45
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Abstract
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle atrophy during aging, a process known as sarcopenia, is associated with muscle weakness, frailty, and the loss of independence in older adults. The mechanisms contributing to sarcopenia are not totally understood, but muscle fiber loss due to apoptosis, reduced stimulation of anabolic pathways, activation of catabolic pathways, denervation, and altered metabolism have been observed in muscle from old rodents and humans. OBJECTIVE: Recently, histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in muscle atrophy and dysfunction due to denervation, muscular dystrophy, and disuse, and HDACs play key roles in regulating metabolism in skeletal muscle. In this review, we will discuss the role of HDACs in muscle atrophy and the potential of HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of sarcopenia. CONCLUSIONS: Several HDAC isoforms are potential targets for intervention in sarcopenia. Inhibition of HDAC1 prevents muscle atrophy due to nutrient deprivation. HDAC3 regulates metabolism in skeletal muscle and may inhibit oxidative metabolism during aging. HDAC4 and HDAC5 have been implicated in muscle atrophy due to denervation, a process implicated in sarcopenia. HDAC inhibitors are already in use in the clinic, and there is promise in targeting HDACs for the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Walsh
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Phenylbutyrate Exaggerates Heart Failure in Pressure Overloaded Mice independently of HDAC inhibition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34036. [PMID: 27667442 PMCID: PMC5036044 DOI: 10.1038/srep34036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
4-Sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA) has been reported to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress and histone deacetylation (HDAC), both of which are novel therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. However, it is unclear whether PBA can improve heart function. Here, we tested the effects of PBA and some other HDAC inhibitors on cardiac dysfunction induced by pressure overload. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was performed on male C57BL/6 mice. PBA treatment (100 mg/kg, 6 weeks) unexpectedly led to a higher mortality, exacerbated cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. Similar results were noted in TAC mice treated with butyrate sodium (BS), a PBA analogue. In contrast, other HDAC inhibitors, valproic acid (VAL) and trichostatin A (TSA), improved the survival. All four HDAC inhibitors induced histone H3 acetylation and inhibited HDAC total activity. An individual HDAC activity assay showed that rather than class IIa members (HDAC4 and 7), PBA and BS predominantly inhibited class I members (HDAC2 and 8), whereas VAL and TSA inhibited all of them. These findings indicate that PBA and BS accelerate cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, whereas VAL and TSA have opposing effects.
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47
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Nagel S, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, Drexler HG, MacLeod RAF. Aberrant expression of homeobox gene SIX1 in Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40112-26. [PMID: 26473286 PMCID: PMC4741883 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) we recently identified deregulated expression of homeobox genes MSX1 and OTX2 which are physiologically involved in development of the embryonal neural plate border region. Here, we examined in HL homeobox gene SIX1 an additional regulator of this embryonal region mediating differentiation of placodal precursors. SIX1 was aberrantly activated in 12 % of HL patient samples in silico, indicating a pathological role in a subset of this B-cell malignancy. In addition, SIX1 expression was detected in HL cell lines which were used as models to reveal upstream factors and target genes of this basic developmental regulator. We detected increased copy numbers of the SIX1 locus at chromosome 14q23 correlating with enhanced expression while chromosomal translocations were absent. Moreover, comparative expression profiling data and pertinent gene modulation experiments indicated that the WNT-signalling pathway and transcription factor MEF2C regulate SIX1 expression. Genes encoding the transcription factors GATA2, GATA3, MSX1 and SPIB – all basic lymphoid regulators - were identified as targets of SIX1 in HL. In addition, cofactors EYA1 and TLE4, respectively, contrastingly mediated activation and suppression of SIX1 target gene expression. Thus, the protein domain interfaces may represent therapeutic targets in SIX1-positive HL subsets. Collectively, our data reveal a gene regulatory network with SIX1 centrally deregulating lymphoid differentiation and support concordance of lymphopoiesis/lymphomagenesis and developmental processes in the neural plate border region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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48
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Abstract
With the impressive advancement in high-throughput 'omics' technologies over the past two decades, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as the regulatory interface between the genome and environmental factors. These mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and RNA-based mechanisms. Their highly interdependent and coordinated action modulates the chromatin structure controlling access of the transcription machinery and thereby regulating expression of target genes. Given the rather limited proliferative capability of human cardiomyocytes, epigenetic regulation appears to play a particularly important role in the myocardium. The highly dynamic nature of the epigenome allows the heart to adapt to environmental challenges and to respond quickly and properly to cardiac stress. It is now becoming evident that histone-modifying and chromatin-remodeling enzymes as well as numerous non-coding RNAs play critical roles in cardiac development and function, while their dysregulation contributes to the onset and development of pathological cardiac remodeling culminating in HF. This review focuses on up-to-date knowledge about the epigenetic mechanisms and highlights their emerging role in the healthy and failing heart. Uncovering the determinants of epigenetic regulation holds great promise to accelerate the development of successful new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in human cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Marín-García
- The Molecular Cardiology and Neuromuscular Institute, 75 Raritan Ave., Highland Park, NJ, 08904, USA,
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Tessier SN, Storey KB. Lessons from mammalian hibernators: molecular insights into striated muscle plasticity and remodeling. Biomol Concepts 2016; 7:69-92. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2015-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractStriated muscle shows an amazing ability to adapt its structural apparatus based on contractile activity, loading conditions, fuel supply, or environmental factors. Studies with mammalian hibernators have identified a variety of molecular pathways which are strategically regulated and allow animals to endure multiple stresses associated with the hibernating season. Of particular interest is the observation that hibernators show little skeletal muscle atrophy despite the profound metabolic rate depression and mechanical unloading that they experience during long weeks of torpor. Additionally, the cardiac muscle of hibernators must adjust to low temperature and reduced perfusion, while the strength of contraction increases in order to pump cold, viscous blood. Consequently, hibernators hold a wealth of knowledge as it pertains to understanding the natural capacity of myocytes to alter structural, contractile and metabolic properties in response to environmental stimuli. The present review outlines the molecular and biochemical mechanisms which play a role in muscular atrophy, hypertrophy, and remodeling. In this capacity, four main networks are highlighted: (1) antioxidant defenses, (2) the regulation of structural, contractile and metabolic proteins, (3) ubiquitin proteosomal machinery, and (4) macroautophagy pathways. Subsequently, we discuss the role of transcription factors nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2), Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2), and Forkhead box (FOXO) and their associated posttranslational modifications as it pertains to regulating each of these networks. Finally, we propose that comparing and contrasting these concepts to data collected from model organisms able to withstand dramatic changes in muscular function without injury will allow researchers to delineate physiological versus pathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N. Tessier
- 1Department of Surgery and Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Building 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- 2Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Dumont NA, Bentzinger CF, Sincennes MC, Rudnicki MA. Satellite Cells and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Compr Physiol 2016; 5:1027-59. [PMID: 26140708 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 425] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are essential for vital functions such as movement, postural support, breathing, and thermogenesis. Muscle tissue is largely composed of long, postmitotic multinucleated fibers. The life-long maintenance of muscle tissue is mediated by satellite cells, lying in close proximity to the muscle fibers. Muscle satellite cells are a heterogeneous population with a small subset of muscle stem cells, termed satellite stem cells. Under homeostatic conditions all satellite cells are poised for activation by stimuli such as physical trauma or growth signals. After activation, satellite stem cells undergo symmetric divisions to expand their number or asymmetric divisions to give rise to cohorts of committed satellite cells and thus progenitors. Myogenic progenitors proliferate, and eventually differentiate through fusion with each other or to damaged fibers to reconstitute fiber integrity and function. In the recent years, research has begun to unravel the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms controlling satellite cell behavior. Nonetheless, an understanding of the complex cellular and molecular interactions of satellite cells with their dynamic microenvironment remains a major challenge, especially in pathological conditions. The goal of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current knowledge on satellite cell characteristics, functions, and behavior in muscle regeneration and in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Dumont
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Florian Bentzinger
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Campus, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Claude Sincennes
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael A Rudnicki
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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