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Lim JKM, Samiei A, Delaidelli A, de Santis JO, Brinkmann V, Carnie CJ, Radiloff D, Hruby L, Kahler A, Cran J, Leprivier G, Sorensen PH. The eEF2 kinase coordinates the DNA damage response to cisplatin by supporting p53 activation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:501. [PMID: 39003251 PMCID: PMC11246425 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06891-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) kinase (eEF2K) is a stress-responsive hub that inhibits the translation elongation factor eEF2, and consequently mRNA translation elongation, in response to hypoxia and nutrient deprivation. EEF2K is also involved in the response to DNA damage but its role in response to DNA crosslinks, as induced by cisplatin, is not known. Here we found that eEF2K is critical to mediate the cellular response to cisplatin. We uncovered that eEF2K deficient cells are more resistant to cisplatin treatment. Mechanistically, eEF2K deficiency blunts the activation of the DNA damage response associated ATM and ATR pathways, in turn preventing p53 activation and therefore compromising induction of cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We also report that loss of eEF2K delays the resolution of DNA damage triggered by cisplatin, suggesting that eEF2K contributes to DNA damage repair in response to cisplatin. In support of this, our data shows that eEF2K promotes the expression of the DNA repair protein ERCC1, critical for the repair of cisplatin-caused DNA damage. Finally, using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model, we find that deletion of efk-1, the worm eEF2K ortholog, mitigates the induction of germ cell death in response to cisplatin. Together, our data highlight that eEF2K represents an evolutionary conserved mediator of the DNA damage response to cisplatin which promotes p53 activation to induce cell death, or alternatively facilitates DNA repair, depending on the extent of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan K M Lim
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Arash Samiei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jessica Oliveira de Santis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brinkmann
- Institute of Toxicology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christopher J Carnie
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel Radiloff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Laura Hruby
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alisa Kahler
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jordan Cran
- Terry Fox Laboratory, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gabriel Leprivier
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Donnelly C, Komlódi T, Cecatto C, Cardoso LHD, Compagnion AC, Matera A, Tavernari D, Campiche O, Paolicelli RC, Zanou N, Kayser B, Gnaiger E, Place N. Functional hypoxia reduces mitochondrial calcium uptake. Redox Biol 2024; 71:103037. [PMID: 38401291 PMCID: PMC10906399 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration extends beyond ATP generation, with the organelle participating in many cellular and physiological processes. Parallel changes in components of the mitochondrial electron transfer system with respiration render it an appropriate hub for coordinating cellular adaption to changes in oxygen levels. How changes in respiration under functional hypoxia (i.e., when intracellular O2 levels limit mitochondrial respiration) are relayed by the electron transfer system to impact mitochondrial adaption and remodeling after hypoxic exposure remains poorly defined. This is largely due to challenges integrating findings under controlled and defined O2 levels in studies connecting functions of isolated mitochondria to humans during physical exercise. Here we present experiments under conditions of hypoxia in isolated mitochondria, myotubes and exercising humans. Performing steady-state respirometry with isolated mitochondria we found that oxygen limitation of respiration reduced electron flow and oxidative phosphorylation, lowered the mitochondrial membrane potential difference, and decreased mitochondrial calcium influx. Similarly, in myotubes under functional hypoxia mitochondrial calcium uptake decreased in response to sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release for contraction. In both myotubes and human skeletal muscle this blunted mitochondrial adaptive responses and remodeling upon contractions. Our results suggest that by regulating calcium uptake the mitochondrial electron transfer system is a hub for coordinating cellular adaption under functional hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Donnelly
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Oroboros Instruments, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | - Alessandro Matera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Tavernari
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Cancer Centre Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Campiche
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nadège Zanou
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bengt Kayser
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicolas Place
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Xu J, Yu C, Zeng X, Tang W, Xu S, Tang L, Huang Y, Sun Z, Yu T. Visualization of breast cancer-related protein synthesis from the perspective of bibliometric analysis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:461. [PMID: 37885035 PMCID: PMC10605986 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, as a daunting global health threat, has driven an exponential growth in related research activity in recent decades. An area of research of paramount importance is protein synthesis, and the analysis of specific proteins inextricably linked to breast cancer. In this article, we undertake a bibliometric analysis of the literature on breast cancer and protein synthesis, aiming to provide crucial insights into this esoteric realm of investigation. Our approach was to scour the Web of Science database, between 2003 and 2022, for articles containing the keywords "breast cancer" and "protein synthesis" in their title, abstract, or keywords. We deployed bibliometric analysis software, exploring a range of measures such as publication output, citation counts, co-citation analysis, and keyword analysis. Our search yielded 2998 articles that met our inclusion criteria. The number of publications in this area has steadily increased, with a significant rise observed after 2003. Most of the articles were published in oncology or biology-related journals, with the most publications in Journal of Biological Chemistry, Cancer Research, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, and Oncogene. Keyword analysis revealed that "breast cancer," "expression," "cancer," "protein," and "translation" were the most commonly researched topics. In conclusion, our bibliometric analysis of breast cancer and related protein synthesis literature underscores the burgeoning interest in this research. The focus of the research is primarily on the relationship between protein expression in breast cancer and the development and treatment of tumors. These studies have been instrumental in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. Sustained research in this area will yield essential insights into the biology of breast cancer and the genesis of cutting-edge therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Chengdong Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zeng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Weifeng Tang
- Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University, Fuzhou, 344000, China
| | - Siyi Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Yanxiao Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China
| | - Zhengkui Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China.
| | - Tenghua Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Jiangxi Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, 330029, China.
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Lis A, Baptista CG, Dahlgren K, Corvi MM, Blader IJ. Identification of Toxoplasma calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 as a stress-activated elongation factor 2 kinase. mSphere 2023; 8:e0015623. [PMID: 37272703 PMCID: PMC10449493 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00156-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite whose tachyzoite form causes disease via a lytic growth cycle. Its metabolic and cellular pathways are primarily designed to ensure parasite survival within a host cell. But during its lytic cycle, tachyzoites are exposed to the extracellular milieu and prolonged exposure requires activation of stress response pathways that include reprogramming the parasite proteome. Regulation of protein synthesis is therefore important for extracellular survival. We previously reported that in extracellularly stressed parasites, the elongation phase of protein synthesis is regulated by the Toxoplasma oxygen-sensing protein, PHYb. PHYb acts by promoting the activity of elongation factor eEF2, which is a GTPase that catalyzes the transfer of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of the ribosome. In the absence of PHYb, eEF2 is hyper-phosphorylated, which inhibits eEF2 from interacting with the ribosome. eEF2 kinases are atypical calcium-dependent kinases and BLAST analyses revealed the parasite kinase, CDPK3, as the most highly homologous to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae eEF2 kinase, RCK2. In parasites exposed to extracellular stress, loss of CDPK3 leads to decreased eEF2 phosphorylation and enhanced rates of elongation. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed that CDPK3 and eEF2 interact in stressed parasites. Since CDPK3 and eEF2 normally localize to the plasma membrane and cytosol, respectively, we investigated how the two can interact. We report that under stress conditions, CDPK3 is not N-myristoylated likely leading to its cytoplasmic localization. In summary, we have identified a novel function for CDPK3 as the first protozoan extracellular stress-induced eEF2 kinase.IMPORTANCEAlthough it is an obligate intracellular parasite, Toxoplasma must be able to survive in the extracellular environment. Our previous work indicated that ensuring that elongation continues during protein synthesis is part of this stress response and that this is due to preventing phosphorylation of elongation factor 2. But the identity of the eEF2 kinase has remained unknown in Toxoplasma and other protozoan parasites. Here, we identify CDPK3 as the first protozoan eEF2 kinase and demonstrate that it is part of a stress response initiated when parasites are exposed to extracellular stress. We also demonstrate that CDPK3 engages eEF2 as a result of its relocalization from the plasma membrane to the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Lis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Gustavo Baptista
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Kelsey Dahlgren
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Maria M. Corvi
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular de Parásitos, Instituto Tecnológico de Chascomús (CONICET-UNSAM), Escuela de Bio y Nanotecnologías (UNSAM), Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ira J. Blader
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Salimi K, Alvandi M, Saberi Pirouz M, Rakhshan K, Howatson G. Regulating eEF2 and eEF2K in skeletal muscle by exercise. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-12. [PMID: 36633938 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2164898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a flexible and adaptable tissue that strongly responds to exercise training. The skeletal muscle responds to exercise by increasing muscle protein synthesis (MPS) when energy is available. One of protein synthesis's major rate-limiting and critical regulatory steps is the translation elongation pathway. The process of translation elongation in skeletal muscle is highly regulated. It requires elongation factors that are intensely affected by various physiological stimuli such as exercise and the total available energy of cells. Studies have shown that exercise involves the elongation pathway by numerous signalling pathways. Since the elongation pathway, has been far less studied than the other translation steps, its comprehensive prospect and quantitative understanding remain in the dark. This study highlights the current understanding of the effect of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway focussing on the molecular factors affecting the pathway, including Ca2+, AMPK, PKA, mTORC1/P70S6K, MAPKs, and myostatin. We further discussed the mode and volume of exercise training intervention on the translation elongation pathway.What is the topic of this review? This review summarises the impacts of exercise training on the translation elongation pathway in skeletal muscle focussing on eEF2 and eEF2K.What advances does it highlight? This review highlights mechanisms and factors that profoundly influence the translation elongation pathway and argues that exercise might modulate the response. This review also combines the experimental observations focussing on the regulation of translation elongation during and after exercise. The findings widen our horizon to the notion of mechanisms involved in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) through translation elongation response to exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia Salimi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Alvandi
- Department of Biological Science in Sport and Health, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Saberi Pirouz
- Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Rakhshan
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Novel Anti-Cancer Products Targeting AMPK: Natural Herbal Medicine against Breast Cancer. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020740. [PMID: 36677797 PMCID: PMC9863744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common cancer in women worldwide. The existing clinical treatment strategies have been able to limit the progression of breast cancer and cancer metastasis, but abnormal metabolism, immunosuppression, and multidrug resistance involving multiple regulators remain the major challenges for the treatment of breast cancer. Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) can regulate metabolic reprogramming and reverse the "Warburg effect" via multiple metabolic signaling pathways in breast cancer. Previous studies suggest that the activation of AMPK suppresses the growth and metastasis of breast cancer cells, as well as stimulating the responses of immune cells. However, some other reports claim that the development and poor prognosis of breast cancer are related to the overexpression and aberrant activation of AMPK. Thus, the role of AMPK in the progression of breast cancer is still controversial. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of AMPK, particularly the comprehensive bidirectional functions of AMPK in cancer progression; discuss the pharmacological activators of AMPK and some specific molecules, including the natural products (including berberine, curcumin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ginsenosides, and paclitaxel) that influence the efficacy of these activators in cancer therapy; and elaborate the role of AMPK as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Bright K. Understanding system barriers and facilitators in transnational clinical cancer research: The value of rapid and multimodal ethnographic inquiry. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:991183. [PMID: 36530449 PMCID: PMC9751659 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.991183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In middle and low resource countries worldwide, up to 70% of breast cancer cases are diagnosed as locally advanced (stages IIB-IIIC). Delays in referral from primary to specialty care have been shown to prolong routes to diagnosis and may be associated with higher burdens of advanced disease, but specific clinical and organizational barriers are not well understood. METHODS This article reports on the use of rapid ethnographic research (RER) within a largescale clinical trial for locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) in India, Mexico, South Africa, and the US. Our purpose is twofold. First, we demonstrate the value of ethnography as a mode of evaluative listening: appraising the perspectives of diverse patients and clinicians regarding prolonged routes to LABC diagnosis and treatment. Second, we show the value of ethnography as a compass for navigating among discrepant clinical research styles, IRB protocols, and institutional norms and practices. We discuss advantages and limits involved in each use of RER. RESULTS On the one hand, ethnographic interviews carried out before and during the clinical trial enabled more regular communication among investigators and research sites. On the other hand, the logistics of doing the trial placed limits on the extent and duration of inductive, immersive inquiry characteristic of traditional fieldwork. As a partial solution to this problem, we developed a multimodal ethnographic research (MER) approach, an augmentation of video-chat, phone, text, and email carried out with, and built upon the initial connections established in, the in-person fieldwork. This style has its limits; but it did allow us to materially improve the ways in which the medical research proceeded. DISCUSSION In conclusion, we highlight the value of not deferring to a presumed incommensurability of ethnographic fieldwork and clinical trialwork while still being appropriately responsive to moments when the two approaches should be kept apart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bright
- Department of Anthropology, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT, United States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Zhu W, Zhao C, Zhao T, Chang L, Chen Q, Liu J, Li C, Xie F, Jiang J. Rising floor and dropping ceiling: organ heterogeneity in response to cold acclimation of the largest extant amphibian. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221394. [PMID: 36196548 PMCID: PMC9532983 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Low temperature imposes strong selective pressure on ectotherms. To maximize their overall fitness under cold conditions, the ectotherms may either try to maintain their physiological activities through metabolic compensation or enter into metabolic depression; however, some species adopt both strategies to cope with different degrees of cold. Nevertheless, how these two seemingly opposite strategies are coordinated has rarely been elucidated. Here, we investigated the molecular strategy underlying the cold acclimation of Andrias davidianus, the largest extant amphibian, using multi-organ metabolomics and transcriptomics. The results showed remarkable organ heterogeneity in response to cold. While most organs showed transcriptional upregulation of metabolic processes, the heart exhibited downregulation. This heterogeneity explained the adaptive reorganization in resource allocation, which compensates for metabolic maintenance by compromising growth. Importantly, the cardiac function might constitute a ‘ceiling’ to constrain the space for compensation, especially under colder conditions. Additionally, the opposite transcriptional regulation of oxidative phosphorylation and other pathways might also shape the overall metabolic capacity under cold conditions. The heterogeneity in cold responses may have directed a shift in cold adaptive strategy from compensation to depression with a drop in temperature. These results provide a novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms underlying cold survival strategies of ectotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liming Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiheng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chendgu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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Jehanno C, Le Goff P, Habauzit D, Le Page Y, Lecomte S, Lecluze E, Percevault F, Avner S, Métivier R, Michel D, Flouriot G. Hypoxia and ERα Transcriptional Crosstalk Is Associated with Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194934. [PMID: 36230857 PMCID: PMC9563995 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients are treated with anti-hormone molecules as a standard of care. However, resistance frequently occurs, leading to hormone resistant metastatic relapses in foreign organs. Understanding the molecular mechanisms through which breast cancer cells evade therapeutic pressure is of paramount interest. Hypoxia, which refers to oxygen deprivation and is characterized by the activation of hypoxia inducible factors, is a common feature of the solid tumor microenvironment, yet its influence on estrogen receptor alpha activity remains elusive. Here, we investigate the consequence of hypoxia and the signaling of hypoxia inducible factors on hormone responsiveness in breast cancer cells and its clinical implications. Abstract Estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) is the driving transcription factor in 70% of breast cancers and its activity is associated with hormone dependent tumor cell proliferation and survival. Given the recurrence of hormone resistant relapses, understanding the etiological factors fueling resistance is of major clinical interest. Hypoxia, a frequent feature of the solid tumor microenvironment, has been described to promote endocrine resistance by triggering ERα down-regulation in both in vitro and in vivo models. Yet, the consequences of hypoxia on ERα genomic activity remain largely elusive. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis shows that hypoxia regulates a fraction of ERα target genes, underlying an important regulatory overlap between hypoxic and estrogenic signaling. This gene expression reprogramming is associated with a massive reorganization of ERα cistrome, highlighted by a massive loss of ERα binding sites. Profiling of enhancer acetylation revealed a hormone independent enhancer activation at the vicinity of genes harboring hypoxia inducible factor (HIFα) binding sites, the major transcription factors governing hypoxic adaptation. This activation counterbalances the loss of ERα and sustains hormone-independent gene expression. We describe hypoxia in luminal ERα (+) breast cancer as a key factor interfering with endocrine therapies, associated with poor clinical prognosis in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly Jehanno
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Pascale Le Goff
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Denis Habauzit
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Toxicology of Contaminants Unit, 35300 Fougères, France
| | - Yann Le Page
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Sylvain Lecomte
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Estelle Lecluze
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Frédéric Percevault
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Stéphane Avner
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Métivier
- Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes, UMR 6290 CNRS, Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Denis Michel
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (G.F.); Tel.: +33-2-2323-6131 (D.M.); +33-2-2323-6804 (G.F.)
| | - Gilles Flouriot
- Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail)-UMR S1085, Rennes University, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence: (D.M.); (G.F.); Tel.: +33-2-2323-6131 (D.M.); +33-2-2323-6804 (G.F.)
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10
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Oertlin C, Watt K, Ristau J, Larsson O. Anota2seq Analysis for Transcriptome-Wide Studies of mRNA Translation. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2418:243-268. [PMID: 35119670 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1920-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
mRNA translation plays a critical role in determining proteome composition. In health, regulation of mRNA translation facilitates rapid gene expression responses to intra- and extracellular signals. Moreover, dysregulated mRNA translation is a common feature in disease states, including neurological disorders and cancer. Yet, most studies of gene expression focus on analysis of mRNA levels, leaving variations in translational efficiencies largely uncharacterized. Here, we outline procedures to identify mRNA-selective alterations in translational efficiencies on a transcriptome-wide scale using the anota2seq package. Anota2seq compares expression data originating from translated mRNA to data from matched total mRNA to identify changes in translated mRNA not paralleled by corresponding changes in total mRNA (interpreted as changes in translational efficiencies impacting protein levels), congruent changes in total and translated mRNA (interpreted as changes in transcription and/or mRNA stability), and changes in total mRNA not paralleled by corresponding alterations in translated mRNA (interpreted as translational buffering). To illustrate the functionality of the anota2seq analysis package, we demonstrate a detailed analysis using a polysome-profiling data set quantified by RNA sequencing, revealing that estrogen receptor α modulates gene expression via a type of translational buffering termed offsetting. Notably, this anota2seq analysis procedure is also applicable to ribosome-profiling (RiboSeq) data sets and can be adapted to a variety of other data types and experimental contexts. Finally, we provide guidance for extending anota2seq analysis to examine associations between untranslated regions and altered translational efficiencies as well as targeted cellular functions to gain insights into mechanisms and phenotypic consequences of altered mRNA translation. Thus, this step-by-step manual allows users to interrogate selective changes in mRNA translation on a transcriptome-wide scale using the Bioconductor package anota2seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Oertlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathleen Watt
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Ristau
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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12
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Tamaddondoust RN, Wang Y, Jafarnejad SM, Graber TE, Alain T. The highs and lows of ionizing radiation and its effects on protein synthesis. Cell Signal 2021; 89:110169. [PMID: 34662715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) is a constant feature of our environment and one that can dramatically affect organismal health and development. Although the impacts of high-doses of IR on mammalian cells and systems have been broadly explored, there are still challenges in accurately quantifying biological responses to IR, especially in the low-dose range to which most individuals are exposed in their lifetime. The resulting uncertainty has led to the entrenchment of conservative radioprotection policies around the world. Thus, uncovering long-sought molecular mechanisms and tissue responses that are targeted by IR could lead to more informed policymaking and propose new therapeutic avenues for a variety of pathologies. One often overlooked target of IR is mRNA translation, a highly regulated cellular process that consumes more than 40% of the cell's energy. In response to environmental stimuli, regulation of mRNA translation allows for precise and rapid changes to the cellular proteome, and unsurprisingly high-dose of IR was shown to trigger a severe reprogramming of global protein synthesis allowing the cell to conserve energy by preventing the synthesis of unneeded proteins. Nonetheless, under these conditions, certain mRNAs encoding specific proteins are translationally favoured to produce the factors essential to repair the cell or send it down the path of no return through programmed cell death. Understanding the mechanisms controlling protein synthesis in response to varying doses of IR could provide novel insights into how this stress-mediated cellular adaptation is regulated and potentially uncover novel targets for radiosensitization or radioprotection. Here, we review the current literature on the effects of IR at both high- and low-dose on the mRNA translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosette Niloufar Tamaddondoust
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7AE, UK
| | - Tyson E Graber
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tommy Alain
- Molecular Biomedicine Program, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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13
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Belousov PV. Analysis of the Repertoires of Circulating Autoantibodies' Specificities as a Tool for Identification of the Tumor-Associated Antigens: Current Problems and Solutions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1225-1242. [PMID: 34903148 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Circulating autoantibodies against tumor-associated autoantigens (TAA) may serve as valuable biomarkers for a wide range of diagnostic purposes. Modern immunology offers a large variety of methods for in-depth comparative analysis of the repertoires of circulating antibodies' antigenic specificities in health and disease. Nevertheless, this research field so far has met somewhat limited clinical success, while numerous data on the repertoires of circulating autoantibodies' specificities in cancer patients are poorly integrated into the contemporary picture of the immunological and molecular landscapes of human tumors. This review is an attempt to identify and systematize the key and essentially universal conceptual and methodological limitations of analyses of the repertoires of circulating antibodies' antigenic specificities in cancer (expression bias, redundancy of TAA repertoires, identification of natural IgG, the absence of the pathogenetically relevant context in the experimental systems used to detect TAA), as well as to discuss potential and already known methodological improvements that may significantly increase the detectability of the pathogenetically relevant and diagnostically significant bona fide TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- National Center for Personalized Medicine of Endocrine Diseases, National Medical Research Center of Endocrinology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 117036, Russia
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14
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AMPK-mTOR Signaling and Cellular Adaptations in Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189765. [PMID: 34575924 PMCID: PMC8465282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular energy is primarily provided by the oxidative degradation of nutrients coupled with mitochondrial respiration, in which oxygen participates in the mitochondrial electron transport chain to enable electron flow through the chain complex (I-IV), leading to ATP production. Therefore, oxygen supply is an indispensable chapter in intracellular bioenergetics. In mammals, oxygen is delivered by the bloodstream. Accordingly, the decrease in cellular oxygen level (hypoxia) is accompanied by nutrient starvation, thereby integrating hypoxic signaling and nutrient signaling at the cellular level. Importantly, hypoxia profoundly affects cellular metabolism and many relevant physiological reactions induce cellular adaptations of hypoxia-inducible gene expression, metabolism, reactive oxygen species, and autophagy. Here, we introduce the current knowledge of hypoxia signaling with two-well known cellular energy and nutrient sensing pathways, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Additionally, the molecular crosstalk between hypoxic signaling and AMPK/mTOR pathways in various hypoxic cellular adaptions is discussed.
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15
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Hypoxia and the integrated stress response promote pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia: Implications in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2754-2773. [PMID: 34302972 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases are not completely understood. Chronic hypoxia may induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria, promote endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and result in the integrated stress response (ISR) in the pulmonary artery and uteroplacental tissues. Numerous studies have implicated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), oxidative stress, and ER stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia and IUGR. This review highlights the roles of HIFs, mitochondria-derived ROS and UPR, as well as their interplay, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia, and their implications in drug development.
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16
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Meng F, Han X, Min Z, He X, Zhu S. Prognostic signatures associated with high infiltration of Tregs in bone metastatic prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:17442-17461. [PMID: 34229299 PMCID: PMC8312432 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer especially bone metastasis (BM) is the lethal end-stage of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). To understand the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the distant metastasis is of potential clinical value. We sought to identify differentially expressed genes between patient-matched primary and bone metastatic CRPC tumors. Functional enrichment, protein-protein interaction networks, and survival analysis of DEGs were performed. DEGs with a prognostic value considered as candidate genes were evaluated, followed by genetic analysis of tumor infiltrating immune cells based on Wilcoxon test and immunofluorescence identification. Expression profiles analysis showed that 381 overlapping genes were screened as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 16 DEGs were randomly selected to be validated and revealed that most of these genes showed a transcriptional profile similar to that seen in the datasets (Pearson’s r = 0.76). Six core genes were found to be involved in regulation of extracellular matrix receptor interaction and chemotactic activity, and four of them were significantly correlated with the survival of PCa patients with bone metastases. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the expressions levels of COL3A1, RAC1, FN1, and SDC2 in CD4+T cells were significantly higher than those in tumor cells, especially regulatory T cell infiltration was significantly increased in BM tumors. We analyzed gene expression signatures specifically associated with the development of bone metastases of CRPC patients. Characterization of genes associated with BM of mCRPC is critical for identification of predictive biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanjing Meng
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xu Han
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhixue Min
- Department of Pathology, The Third People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuehui He
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunity, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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17
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Natua S, Dhamdhere SG, Mutnuru SA, Shukla S. Interplay within tumor microenvironment orchestrates neoplastic RNA metabolism and transcriptome diversity. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1676. [PMID: 34109748 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous population of cancer cells within a tumor mass interacts intricately with the multifaceted aspects of the surrounding microenvironment. The reciprocal crosstalk between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) shapes the cancer pathophysiome in a way that renders it uniquely suited for immune tolerance, angiogenesis, metastasis, and therapy resistance. This dynamic interaction involves a dramatic reconstruction of the transcriptomic landscape of tumors by altering the synthesis, modifications, stability, and processing of gene readouts. In this review, we categorically evaluate the influence of TME components, encompassing a myriad of resident and infiltrating cells, signaling molecules, extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix, and blood vessels, in orchestrating the cancer-specific metabolism and diversity of both mRNA and noncoding RNA, including micro RNA, long noncoding RNA, circular RNA among others. We also highlight the transcriptomic adaptations in response to the physicochemical idiosyncrasies of TME, which include tumor hypoxia, extracellular acidosis, and osmotic stress. Finally, we provide a nuanced analysis of existing and prospective therapeutics targeting TME to ameliorate cancer-associated RNA metabolism, consequently thwarting the cancer progression. This article is categorized under: RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Natua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Shruti Ganesh Dhamdhere
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Srinivas Abhishek Mutnuru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462066, India
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18
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Alboushi L, Hackett AP, Naeli P, Bakhti M, Jafarnejad SM. Multifaceted control of mRNA translation machinery in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110037. [PMID: 33975011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA translation machinery is tightly regulated through several, at times overlapping, mechanisms that modulate its efficiency and accuracy. Due to their fast rate of growth and metabolism, cancer cells require an excessive amount of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. However, unfavorable conditions, such as hypoxia, amino acid starvation, and oxidative stress, which are abundant in cancer, as well as many anti-cancer treatments inhibit mRNA translation. Cancer cells adapt to the various internal and environmental stresses by employing specialised transcript-specific translation to survive and gain a proliferative advantage. We will highlight the major signaling pathways and mechanisms of translation that regulate the global or mRNA-specific translation in response to the intra- or extra-cellular signals and stresses that are key components in the process of tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Alboushi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Angela P Hackett
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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19
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Comert Onder F, Kahraman N, Bellur Atici E, Cagir A, Kandemir H, Tatar G, Taskin Tok T, Kara G, Karliga B, Durdagi S, Ay M, Ozpolat B. Target-Driven Design of a Coumarinyl Chalcone Scaffold Based Novel EF2 Kinase Inhibitor Suppresses Breast Cancer Growth In Vivo. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:926-940. [PMID: 33860211 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.1c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) is an unusual alpha kinase involved in protein synthesis through phosphorylation of elongation factor 2 (EF2). eEF-2K is highly overexpressed in breast cancer, and its activity is associated with significantly shortened patient survival and proven to be a potential molecular target in breast cancer. The crystal structure of eEF-2K remains unknown, and there is no potent, safe, and effective inhibitor available for clinical applications. We designed and synthesized several generations of potential inhibitors. The effect of the inhibitors at the binding pocket of eEF-2K was analyzed after developing a 3D target model by using a domain of another α-kinase called myosin heavy-chain kinase A (MHCKA) that closely resembles eEF-2K. In silico studies showed that compounds with a coumarin-chalcone core have high predicted binding affinities for eEF-2K. Using in vitro studies in highly aggressive and invasive (MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231, and BT20) and noninvazive (MCF-7) breast cancer cells, we identified a lead compound that was highly effective in inhibiting eEF-2K activity at submicromolar concentrations and at inhibiting cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis with no toxicity in normal breast epithelial cells. In vivo systemic administration of the lead compound encapsulated in single lipid-based liposomal nanoparticles twice a week significantly suppressed growth of MDA-MB-231 tumors in orthotopic breast cancer models in nude mice with no observed toxicity. In conclusion, our study provides a highly potent and in vivo effective novel small-molecule eEF-2K inhibitor that may be used as a molecularly targeted therapy breast cancer or other eEF-2K-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferah Comert Onder
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Department of Medical Biology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Medicine, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | - Ali Cagir
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, 35430 Urla, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kandemir
- Tekirdag Namik Kemal University, Department of Chemistry, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Gizem Tatar
- Gaziantep University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Tugba Taskin Tok
- Gaziantep University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.,Gaziantep University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Goknur Kara
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | | | - Serdar Durdagi
- Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Bahcesehir University, 34734 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ay
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Arts, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17020 Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 422, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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20
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Chen Y, Gaber T. Hypoxia/HIF Modulates Immune Responses. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030260. [PMID: 33808042 PMCID: PMC8000289 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxygen availability varies throughout the human body in health and disease. Under physiological conditions, oxygen availability drops from the lungs over the blood stream towards the different tissues into the cells and the mitochondrial cavities leading to physiological low oxygen conditions or physiological hypoxia in all organs including primary lymphoid organs. Moreover, immune cells travel throughout the body searching for damaged cells and foreign antigens facing a variety of oxygen levels. Consequently, physiological hypoxia impacts immune cell function finally controlling innate and adaptive immune response mainly by transcriptional regulation via hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Under pathophysiological conditions such as found in inflammation, injury, infection, ischemia and cancer, severe hypoxia can alter immune cells leading to dysfunctional immune response finally leading to tissue damage, cancer progression and autoimmunity. Here we summarize the effects of physiological and pathophysiological hypoxia on innate and adaptive immune activity, we provide an overview on the control of immune response by cellular hypoxia-induced pathways with focus on the role of HIFs and discuss the opportunity to target hypoxia-sensitive pathways for the treatment of cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Chen
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Timo Gaber
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Ember of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
- German Rheumatism Research Centre (DRFZ) Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-513364
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21
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Progress in the Development of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase (eEF2K) Natural Product and Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors for Cancer Chemotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052408. [PMID: 33673713 PMCID: PMC7957638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF2K or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, CAMKIII) is a new member of an atypical α-kinase family different from conventional protein kinases that is now considered as a potential target for the treatment of cancer. This protein regulates the phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) to restrain activity and inhibit the elongation stage of protein synthesis. Mounting evidence shows that eEF2K regulates the cell cycle, autophagy, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis in several types of cancers. The expression of eEF2K promotes survival of cancer cells, and the level of this protein is increased in many cancer cells to adapt them to the microenvironment conditions including hypoxia, nutrient depletion, and acidosis. The physiological function of eEF2K and its role in the development and progression of cancer are here reviewed in detail. In addition, a summary of progress for in vitro eEF2K inhibitors from anti-cancer drug discovery research in recent years, along with their structure-activity relationships (SARs) and synthetic routes or natural sources, is also described. Special attention is given to those inhibitors that have been already validated in vivo, with the overall aim to provide reference context for the further development of new first-in-class anti-cancer drugs that target eEF2K.
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22
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Roles of HIF and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases in Controlling Gene Expression in Hypoxia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020350. [PMID: 33477877 PMCID: PMC7832865 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hypoxia—reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that such dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. Abstract Hypoxia—reduction in oxygen availability—plays key roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Given the importance of oxygen for cell and organism viability, mechanisms to sense and respond to hypoxia are in place. A variety of enzymes utilise molecular oxygen, but of particular importance to oxygen sensing are the 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) dependent dioxygenases (2-OGDs). Of these, Prolyl-hydroxylases have long been recognised to control the levels and function of Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF), a master transcriptional regulator in hypoxia, via their hydroxylase activity. However, recent studies are revealing that dioxygenases are involved in almost all aspects of gene regulation, including chromatin organisation, transcription and translation. We highlight the relevance of HIF and 2-OGDs in the control of gene expression in response to hypoxia and their relevance to human biology and health.
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23
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Chen LY, Wang L, Ren YX, Pang Z, Liu Y, Sun XD, Tu J, Zhi Z, Qin Y, Sun LN, Li JM. The circular RNA circ-ERBIN promotes growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer by miR-125a-5p and miR-138-5p/4EBP-1 mediated cap-independent HIF-1α translation. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:164. [PMID: 33225938 PMCID: PMC7682012 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01272-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNA (circRNAs) and hypoxia have been found to play the key roles in the pathogenesis and progression of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the expressions and functions of the specific circRNAs in regulating hypoxia-involved CRC metastasis, and the circRNAs that are relevant to regulate HIF-1α levels in CRC remain elusive. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of circRNAs and mRNA in CRC cells and tissues. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to analyze the location of circ-ERBIN. Function-based experiments were performed using circ-ERBIN overexpression and knockdown cell lines in vitro and in vivo, including CCK8, colony formation, EdU assay, transwell, tumor growth and metastasis models. Mechanistically, luciferase reporter assay, western blots and immunohistochemical stainings were performed. Results Circ-Erbin was highly expressed in the CRC cells and Circ-Erbin overexpression facilitated the proliferation, migration and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo. Notably, circ-Erbin overexpression significantly promoted angiogenesis by increasing the expression of hypoxia induced factor (HIF-1α) in CRC. Mechanistically, circ-Erbin accelerated a cap-independent protein translation of HIF-1α in CRC cells as the sponges of miR-125a-5p and miR-138-5p, which synergistically targeted eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1(4EBP-1). Conclusions Our findings uncover a key mechanism for circ-Erbin mediated HIF-1α activation by miR-125a-5p-5p/miR-138-5p/4EBP-1 axis and circ-ERBIN is a potential target for CRC treatment. Supplementary Information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12943-020-01272-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Yan Chen
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue-Xiang Ren
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Dong Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Tu
- Department of Pathology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Zhi
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 4th People's Hospital, Wuxi, 214062, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Sun
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Soochow University Medical School, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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24
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Lee LJ, Papadopoli D, Jewer M, Del Rincon S, Topisirovic I, Lawrence MG, Postovit LM. Cancer Plasticity: The Role of mRNA Translation. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:134-145. [PMID: 33067172 PMCID: PMC8023421 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumor progression is associated with dedifferentiated histopathologies concomitant with cancer cell survival within a changing, and often hostile, tumor microenvironment. These processes are enabled by cellular plasticity, whereby intracellular cues and extracellular signals are integrated to enable rapid shifts in cancer cell phenotypes. Cancer cell plasticity, at least in part, fuels tumor heterogeneity and facilitates metastasis and drug resistance. Protein synthesis is frequently dysregulated in cancer, and emerging data suggest that translational reprograming collaborates with epigenetic and metabolic programs to effectuate phenotypic plasticity of neoplasia. Herein, we discuss the potential role of mRNA translation in cancer cell plasticity, highlight emerging histopathological correlates, and deliberate on how this is related to efforts to improve understanding of the complex tumor ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Papadopoli
- Lady Davis Institute, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael Jewer
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sonia Del Rincon
- Lady Davis Institute, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology and Departments of Biochemistry and Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Mitchell G Lawrence
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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25
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Tse SW, Tan CF, Park JE, Gnanasekaran J, Gupta N, Low JK, Yeoh KW, Chng WJ, Tay CY, McCarthy NE, Lim SK, Sze SK. Microenvironmental Hypoxia Induces Dynamic Changes in Lung Cancer Synthesis and Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2917. [PMID: 33050615 PMCID: PMC7601203 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate critical intercellular communication within healthy tissues, but are also exploited by tumour cells to promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and host immunosuppression under hypoxic stress. We hypothesize that hypoxic tumours synthesize hypoxia-sensitive proteins for packing into EVs to modulate their microenvironment for cancer progression. In the current report, we employed a heavy isotope pulse/trace quantitative proteomic approach to study hypoxia sensitive proteins in tumour-derived EVs protein. The results revealed that hypoxia stimulated cells to synthesize EVs proteins involved in enhancing tumour cell proliferation (NRSN2, WISP2, SPRX1, LCK), metastasis (GOLM1, STC1, MGAT5B), stemness (STC1, TMEM59), angiogenesis (ANGPTL4), and suppressing host immunity (CD70). In addition, functional clustering analyses revealed that tumour hypoxia was strongly associated with rapid synthesis and EV loading of lysosome-related hydrolases and membrane-trafficking proteins to enhance EVs secretion. Moreover, lung cancer-derived EVs were also enriched in signalling molecules capable of inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in recipient cancer cells to promote their migration and invasion. Together, these data indicate that lung-cancer-derived EVs can act as paracrine/autocrine mediators of tumorigenesis and metastasis in hypoxic microenvironments. Tumour EVs may, therefore, offer novel opportunities for useful biomarkers discovery and therapeutic targeting of different cancer types and at different stages according to microenvironmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Wilford Tse
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - Chee Fan Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
- NTU Institute for Health Technologies, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Park
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - JebaMercy Gnanasekaran
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
| | - Jee Keem Low
- Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433, Singapore;
| | - Kheng Wei Yeoh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 169610, Singapore;
| | - Wee Joo Chng
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Chor Yong Tay
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore;
| | - Neil E. McCarthy
- Centre for Immunobiology, The Blizard Institute, Bart’s and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK;
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore 138648, Singapore;
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; (S.W.T.); (C.F.T.); (J.E.P.); (J.G.); (N.G.)
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26
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Mane MM, Cohen IJ, Ackerstaff E, Shalaby K, Ijoma JN, Ko M, Maeda M, Albeg AS, Vemuri K, Satagopan J, Moroz A, Zurita J, Shenker L, Shindo M, Nickles T, Nikolov E, Moroz MA, Koutcher JA, Serganova I, Ponomarev V, Blasberg RG. Lactate Dehydrogenase A Depletion Alters MyC-CaP Tumor Metabolism, Microenvironment, and CAR T Cell Therapy. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2020; 18:382-395. [PMID: 32913888 PMCID: PMC7452096 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To enhance human prostate-specific membrane antigen (hPSMA)-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in a hPSMA+ MyC-CaP tumor model, we studied and imaged the effect of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) depletion on the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor progression. Effective LDH-A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown (KD) was achieved in MyC-CaP:hPSMA+ Renilla luciferase (RLuc)-internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-GFP tumor cells, and changes in tumor cell metabolism and in the TME were monitored. LDH-A downregulation significantly inhibited cell proliferation and subcutaneous tumor growth compared to control cells and tumors. However, total tumor lactate concentration did not differ significantly between LDH-A knockdown and control tumors, reflecting the lower vascularity, blood flow, and clearance of lactate from LDH-A knockdown tumors. Comparing treatment responses of MyC-CaP tumors with LDH-A depletion and/or anti-hPSMA CAR T cells showed that the dominant effect on tumor growth was LDH-A depletion. With anti-hPSMA CAR T cell treatment, tumor growth was significantly slower when combined with tumor LDH-A depletion and compared to control tumor growth (p < 0.0001). The lack of a complete tumor response in our animal model can be explained in part by (1) the lower activity of human CAR T cells against hPSMA-expressing murine tumors in a murine host, and (2) a loss of hPSMA antigen from the tumor cell surface in progressive generations of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuresh M. Mane
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ivan J. Cohen
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ellen Ackerstaff
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Khalid Shalaby
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jenny N. Ijoma
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Myat Ko
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masatomo Maeda
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Avi S. Albeg
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kiranmayi Vemuri
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jaya Satagopan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Moroz
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Juan Zurita
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Larissa Shenker
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Masahiro Shindo
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tanner Nickles
- Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ekaterina Nikolov
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maxim A. Moroz
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason A. Koutcher
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Inna Serganova
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ronald G. Blasberg
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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27
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Han NC, Kelly P, Ibba M. Translational quality control and reprogramming during stress adaptation. Exp Cell Res 2020; 394:112161. [PMID: 32619498 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organisms encounter stress throughout their lives, and therefore require the ability to respond rapidly to environmental changes. Although transcriptional responses are crucial for controlling changes in gene expression, regulation at the translational level often allows for a faster response at the protein levels which permits immediate adaptation. The fidelity and robustness of protein synthesis are actively regulated under stress. For example, mistranslation can be beneficial to cells upon environmental changes and also alters cellular stress responses. Additionally, stress modulates both global and selective translational regulation through mechanisms including the change of aminoacyl-tRNA activity, tRNA pool reprogramming and ribosome heterogeneity. In this review, we draw on studies from both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems to discuss current findings of cellular adaptation at the level of translation, specifically translational fidelity and activity changes in response to a wide array of environmental stressors including oxidative stress, nutrient depletion, temperature variation, antibiotics and host colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nien-Ching Han
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
| | - Paul Kelly
- The Ohio State University Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA
| | - Michael Ibba
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43220, USA.
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28
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Lee K, Kumar EA, Dalby KN, Ghose R. The role of calcium in the interaction between calmodulin and a minimal functional construct of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase. Protein Sci 2020; 28:2089-2098. [PMID: 31626716 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K) regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2), thereby reducing its affinity for the ribosome and suppressing global translational elongation rates. eEF-2K is regulated by calmodulin (CaM) through a mechanism that is distinct from that of other CaM-regulated kinases. We had previously identified a minimal construct of eEF-2K (TR) that is activated similarly to the wild-type enzyme by CaM in vitro and retains its ability to phosphorylate eEF-2 efficiently in cells. Here, we employ solution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques relying on Ile δ1-methyls of TR and Ile δ1- and Met ε-methyls of CaM, as probes of their mutual interaction and the influence of Ca2+ thereon. We find that in the absence of Ca2+ , CaM exclusively utilizes its C-terminal lobe (CaMC ) to engage the N-terminal CaM-binding domain (CBD) of TR in a high-affinity interaction. Avidity resulting from additional weak interactions of TR with the Ca2+ -loaded N-terminal lobe of CaM (CaMN ) at increased Ca2+ levels serves to enhance the affinity further. These latter interactions under Ca2+ saturation result in minimal perturbations in the spectra of TR in the context of its complex with CaM, suggesting that the latter is capable of driving TR to its final, presumably active conformation, in the Ca2+ -free state. Our data are consistent with a scenario in which Ca2+ enhances the affinity of the TR/CaM interactions, resulting in the increased effective concentration of the CaM-bound species without significantly modifying the conformation of TR within the final, active complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwangwoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York
| | - Eric A Kumar
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, Texas.,Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, New York, New York.,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York.,Graduate Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York.,Graduate Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, New York
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29
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Lee H, Chin H, Kim H, Jung H, Lee D. STAT3-mediated MLST8 gene expression regulates cap-dependent translation in cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2020; 14:1850-1867. [PMID: 32495998 PMCID: PMC7400782 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) regulates cell growth, cell survival, angiogenesis, metastasis of cancer cells, and cancer immune evasion by regulating gene expression as a transcription factor. However, the effect of STAT3 on translation is almost unknown. We demonstrated that STAT3 acts as a trans‐acting factor for MLST8 gene expression and the protein level of mLST8, a core component of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2), positively regulates the mTORC1/2 downstream pathways. Suppression of STAT3 by siRNA attenuated 4E‐BP1 phosphorylation, cap‐dependent translation, and cell proliferation in a variety of cancer cells. In HCT116 cells, STAT3 knockdown‐induced decreases in 4E‐BP1 and AKT phosphorylation levels were further attenuated by MLST8 knockdown or recovered by mLST8 overexpression. STAT3 knockdown‐induced G2/M phase arrest was partially restored by co‐knockdown of 4EBP1, and the attenuation of cell proliferation was enhanced by the expression of an mTORC1‐mediated phosphorylation‐defective mutant of 4E‐BP1. ChIP and promoter mapping using a luciferase reporter assay showed that the −951 to −894 bp of MLST8 promoter seems to include STAT3‐binding site. Overall, these results suggest that STAT3‐driven MLST8 gene expression regulates cap‐dependent translation through 4E‐BP1 phosphorylation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Chin
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daekee Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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30
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In Vitro Modeling of Reoxygenation Effects on mRNA and Protein Levels in Hypoxic Tumor Cells upon Entry into the Bloodstream. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051316. [PMID: 32466213 PMCID: PMC7291257 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Solid epithelial tumors like breast cancer are the most frequent malignancy in women. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are frequently released from hypoxic areas into the blood, where CTCs face elevated oxygen concentrations. This reoxygenation might challenge the use of CTCs for liquid biopsy. Methods: We modeled this situation in vitro using the breast cancer cell lines—MCF-7, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-231—and the cell line BC-M1 established from DTCs in the bone marrow. Cells were cultured under hypoxia, followed by a reoxygenation pulse for 4 h, reflecting the circulation time of CTCs. Analyzed were gene products like EGFR, ErbB-2, EpCAM, PD-L1 on mRNA and protein level. Results: mRNAs of erbb2 or pdl1 and protein levels of PD-L1 displayed significant changes, whereas ErbB-2 protein levels remained constant. The strongest discrepancy between protein and mRNA levels under hypoxia was observed for EGFR, supporting the idea of cap-independent translation of egfr mRNA. Analyses of the phosphorylation of AKT, Erk 1/2, and Stat3 revealed strong alterations after reoxygenation. Conclusions: CTCs reaching secondary sites faster than reoxygenation could alter the mRNA and protein levels in the cells. CTC and DTC with high PD-L1 levels might become quiescent under hypoxia but were easily reactivated by reoxygenation.
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31
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Jewer M, Lee L, Leibovitch M, Zhang G, Liu J, Findlay SD, Vincent KM, Tandoc K, Dieters-Castator D, Quail DF, Dutta I, Coatham M, Xu Z, Puri A, Guan BJ, Hatzoglou M, Brumwell A, Uniacke J, Patsis C, Koromilas A, Schueler J, Siegers GM, Topisirovic I, Postovit LM. Translational control of breast cancer plasticity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2498. [PMID: 32427827 PMCID: PMC7237473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity of neoplasia, whereby cancer cells attain stem-cell-like properties, is required for disease progression and represents a major therapeutic challenge. We report that in breast cancer cells NANOG, SNAIL and NODAL transcripts manifest multiple isoforms characterized by different 5' Untranslated Regions (5'UTRs), whereby translation of a subset of these isoforms is stimulated under hypoxia. The accumulation of the corresponding proteins induces plasticity and "fate-switching" toward stem cell-like phenotypes. Mechanistically, we observe that mTOR inhibitors and chemotherapeutics induce translational activation of a subset of NANOG, SNAIL and NODAL mRNA isoforms akin to hypoxia, engendering stem-cell-like phenotypes. These effects are overcome with drugs that antagonize translational reprogramming caused by eIF2α phosphorylation (e.g. ISRIB), suggesting that the Integrated Stress Response drives breast cancer plasticity. Collectively, our findings reveal a mechanism of induction of plasticity of breast cancer cells and provide a molecular basis for therapeutic strategies aimed at overcoming drug resistance and abrogating metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jewer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Laura Lee
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Matthew Leibovitch
- Lady Davis Institute, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jiahui Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Scott D Findlay
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Krista M Vincent
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Kristofferson Tandoc
- Lady Davis Institute, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dylan Dieters-Castator
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Goodman Cancer Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Indrani Dutta
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Zhihua Xu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Aakshi Puri
- Lady Davis Institute, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bo-Jhih Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria Hatzoglou
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrea Brumwell
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - James Uniacke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Christos Patsis
- Lady Davis Institute, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antonis Koromilas
- Lady Davis Institute, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Lady Davis Institute, Departments of Oncology and Biochemistry, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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32
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Karakas D, Ozpolat B. Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K) signaling in tumor and microenvironment as a novel molecular target. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:775-787. [PMID: 32377852 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01917-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF2K), an atypical member of alpha-kinase family, is highly overexpressed in breast, pancreatic, brain, and lung cancers, and associated with poor survival in patients. eEF2K promotes cell proliferation, survival, and aggressive tumor characteristics, leading to tumor growth and progression. While initial studies indicated that eEF2K acts as a negative regulator of protein synthesis by suppressing peptide elongation phase, later studies demonstrated that it has multiple functions and promotes cell cycle, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion as well as induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition through induction of integrin β1, SRC/FAK, PI3K/AKT, cyclin D1, VEGF, ZEB1, Snail, and MMP-2. Under stress conditions such as hypoxia and metabolic distress, eEF2K is activated by several signaling pathways and slows down protein synthesis and helping cells to save energy and survive. In vivo therapeutic targeting of eEF2K by genetic methods inhibits tumor growth in various tumor models, validating it as a potential molecular target. Recent studies suggest that eEF2K plays a role in tumor microenvironment cells by monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and accumulation of tumor-associated macrophages. Due to its clinical significance and the pivotal role in tumorigenesis and progression, eEF2K is considered as an important therapeutic target in solid tumors. However, currently, there is no specific and potent inhibitor for translation into clinical studies. Here, we aim to systematically review current knowledge regarding eEF2K in tumor biology, microenvironment, and development of eEF2K targeted inhibitors and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Lee P, Chandel NS, Simon MC. Cellular adaptation to hypoxia through hypoxia inducible factors and beyond. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:268-283. [PMID: 32144406 PMCID: PMC7222024 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-020-0227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 141.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) sustains intracellular bioenergetics and is consumed by numerous biochemical reactions, making it essential for most species on Earth. Accordingly, decreased oxygen concentration (hypoxia) is a major stressor that generally subverts life of aerobic species and is a prominent feature of pathological states encountered in bacterial infection, inflammation, wounds, cardiovascular defects and cancer. Therefore, key adaptive mechanisms to cope with hypoxia have evolved in mammals. Systemically, these adaptations include increased ventilation, cardiac output, blood vessel growth and circulating red blood cell numbers. On a cellular level, ATP-consuming reactions are suppressed, and metabolism is altered until oxygen homeostasis is restored. A critical question is how mammalian cells sense oxygen levels to coordinate diverse biological outputs during hypoxia. The best-studied mechanism of response to hypoxia involves hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs), which are stabilized by low oxygen availability and control the expression of a multitude of genes, including those involved in cell survival, angiogenesis, glycolysis and invasion/metastasis. Importantly, changes in oxygen can also be sensed via other stress pathways as well as changes in metabolite levels and the generation of reactive oxygen species by mitochondria. Collectively, this leads to cellular adaptations of protein synthesis, energy metabolism, mitochondrial respiration, lipid and carbon metabolism as well as nutrient acquisition. These mechanisms are integral inputs into fine-tuning the responses to hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Lee
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Abdo Qaid EY, Zulkipli NN, Zakaria R, Ahmad AH, Othman Z, Muthuraju S, Sasongko TH. The role of mTOR signalling pathway in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:482-488. [PMID: 32202188 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1746308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been associated with cognitive impairment. Many studies have investigated the role of mTOR signalling pathway in cognitive functions but its role in hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment remains controversial. This review aimed to elucidate the role of mTOR in the mechanisms of cognitive impairment that may pave the way towards the mechanistic understanding and therapeutic intervention of hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. mTORC1 is normally regulated during mild or acute hypoxic exposure giving rise to neuroprotection, whereas it is overactivated during severe or chronic hypoxia giving rise to neuronal cells death. Thus, it is worth exploring the possibility of maintaining normal mTORC1 activity and thereby preventing cognitive impairment during severe or chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Asma Hayati Ahmad
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Zahiruddin Othman
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Sangu Muthuraju
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- Perdana University-RCSI School of Medicine, Perdana University Center for Research Excellence, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
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DEAD Box Protein Family Member DDX28 Is a Negative Regulator of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2α- and Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E2-Directed Hypoxic Translation. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00610-19. [PMID: 31907278 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00610-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a deficiency in oxygen delivery to tissues and is connected to physiological and pathophysiological processes such as embryonic development and cancer. The master regulators of oxygen homeostasis in mammalian cells are the heterodimeric hypoxia-inducible transcription factors 1 and 2 (HIF-1 and HIF-2, respectively). The oxygen-labile HIF-2α subunit has been implicated not only in transcription but also as a regulator of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E2 (eIF4E2)-directed hypoxic translation. Here, we have identified the DEAD box protein family member DDX28 as an interactor and negative regulator of HIF-2α that suppresses HIF-2α's ability to activate eIF4E2-directed translation. Stable silencing of DDX28 via short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in hypoxic human U87MG glioblastoma cells caused an increase of eIF4E2 binding to the m7GTP cap structure and the translation of eIF4E2 target mRNAs (including the HIF-2α mRNA itself). DDX28 depletion elevated nuclear and cytoplasmic HIF-2α protein, but HIF-2α transcriptional activity did not increase, possibly due to its already high nuclear abundance in hypoxic control cells. Depletion of DDX28 conferred a proliferative advantage to hypoxic, but not normoxic, cells. DDX28 protein levels are reduced in several cancers, including gliomas, relative to levels in normal tissue. Therefore, we uncover a regulatory mechanism for this potential tumor suppressor in the repression of HIF-2α- and eIF4E2-mediated translation activation of oncogenic mRNAs.
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Kashyap A, Rhodes A, Kronmiller B, Berger J, Champagne A, Davis EW, Finnegan MV, Geniza M, Hendrix DA, Löhr CV, Petro VM, Sharpton TJ, Wells J, Epps CW, Jaiswal P, Tyler BM, Ramsey SA. Pan-tissue transcriptome analysis of long noncoding RNAs in the American beaver Castor canadensis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:153. [PMID: 32050897 PMCID: PMC7014947 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have roles in gene regulation, epigenetics, and molecular scaffolding and it is hypothesized that they underlie some mammalian evolutionary adaptations. However, for many mammalian species, the absence of a genome assembly precludes the comprehensive identification of lncRNAs. The genome of the American beaver (Castor canadensis) has recently been sequenced, setting the stage for the systematic identification of beaver lncRNAs and the characterization of their expression in various tissues. The objective of this study was to discover and profile polyadenylated lncRNAs in the beaver using high-throughput short-read sequencing of RNA from sixteen beaver tissues and to annotate the resulting lncRNAs based on their potential for orthology with known lncRNAs in other species. RESULTS Using de novo transcriptome assembly, we found 9528 potential lncRNA contigs and 187 high-confidence lncRNA contigs. Of the high-confidence lncRNA contigs, 147 have no known orthologs (and thus are putative novel lncRNAs) and 40 have mammalian orthologs. The novel lncRNAs mapped to the Oregon State University (OSU) reference beaver genome with greater than 90% sequence identity. While the novel lncRNAs were on average shorter than their annotated counterparts, they were similar to the annotated lncRNAs in terms of the relationships between contig length and minimum free energy (MFE) and between coverage and contig length. We identified beaver orthologs of known lncRNAs such as XIST, MEG3, TINCR, and NIPBL-DT. We profiled the expression of the 187 high-confidence lncRNAs across 16 beaver tissues (whole blood, brain, lung, liver, heart, stomach, intestine, skeletal muscle, kidney, spleen, ovary, placenta, castor gland, tail, toe-webbing, and tongue) and identified both tissue-specific and ubiquitous lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge this is the first report of systematic identification of lncRNAs and their expression atlas in beaver. LncRNAs-both novel and those with known orthologs-are expressed in each of the beaver tissues that we analyzed. For some beaver lncRNAs with known orthologs, the tissue-specific expression patterns were phylogenetically conserved. The lncRNA sequence data files and raw sequence files are available via the web supplement and the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amita Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Adelaide Rhodes
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Brent Kronmiller
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Josie Berger
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ashley Champagne
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Edward W Davis
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Matthew Geniza
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - David A Hendrix
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christiane V Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Vanessa M Petro
- College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Thomas J Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jackson Wells
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Clinton W Epps
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Pankaj Jaiswal
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Brett M Tyler
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Stephen A Ramsey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. .,School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.
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D'Hulst G, Soro-Arnaiz I, Masschelein E, Veys K, Fitzgerald G, Smeuninx B, Kim S, Deldicque L, Blaauw B, Carmeliet P, Breen L, Koivunen P, Zhao SM, De Bock K. PHD1 controls muscle mTORC1 in a hydroxylation-independent manner by stabilizing leucyl tRNA synthetase. Nat Commun 2020; 11:174. [PMID: 31924757 PMCID: PMC6954236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13889-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
mTORC1 is an important regulator of muscle mass but how it is modulated by oxygen and nutrients is not completely understood. We show that loss of the prolyl hydroxylase domain isoform 1 oxygen sensor in mice (PHD1KO) reduces muscle mass. PHD1KO muscles show impaired mTORC1 activation in response to leucine whereas mTORC1 activation by growth factors or eccentric contractions was preserved. The ability of PHD1 to promote mTORC1 activity is independent of its hydroxylation activity but is caused by decreased protein content of the leucyl tRNA synthetase (LRS) leucine sensor. Mechanistically, PHD1 interacts with and stabilizes LRS. This interaction is promoted during oxygen and amino acid depletion and protects LRS from degradation. Finally, elderly subjects have lower PHD1 levels and LRS activity in muscle from aged versus young human subjects. In conclusion, PHD1 ensures an optimal mTORC1 response to leucine after episodes of metabolic scarcity. mTORC1 is an important regulator of muscle mass. Here, the authors show that the PHD1 controls muscle mass in a hydroxylation-independent manner. PHD1 prevents the degradation of leucine sensor LRS during oxygen and amino acid depletion to ensure effective mTORC1 activation in response to leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gommaar D'Hulst
- Department Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inés Soro-Arnaiz
- Department Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Evi Masschelein
- Department Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Koen Veys
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gillian Fitzgerald
- Department Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Smeuninx
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of Neuroscience, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Bert Blaauw
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,MRC Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Shi-Min Zhao
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Hospital of Fudan University, State Key Lab of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Department Health Sciences and Technology, Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Smolle MA, Czapiewski P, Lapińska-Szumczyk S, Majewska H, Supernat A, Zaczek A, Biernat W, Golob-Schwarzl N, Haybaeck J. The Prognostic Significance of Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors (eIFs) in Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6169. [PMID: 31817792 PMCID: PMC6941158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the role of eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) has already been investigated in several human cancers, their role in endometrial cancer (EC) is relatively unknown. In the present retrospective study, 279 patients with EC (1180 samples) were included (mean age: 63.0 years, mean follow-up: 6.1 years). Samples were analysed for expression of 7 eIFs subunits (eIF2α, eIF3c, eIF3h, eIF4e, eIF4g, eIF5, eIF6) through immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Fifteen samples of healthy endometrium served as controls. Density and intensity were assessed and mean combined scores (CS) calculated for each patient. Upon immunohistochemistry, median eIF5 CS were significantly higher in EC as compared with non-neoplastic tissue (NNT, p < 0.001), whilst median eIF6 CS were significantly lower in EC (p < 0.001). Moreover, eIF5 (p = 0.002), eIF6 (p = 0.032) and eIF4g CS (p = 0.014) were significantly different when comparing NNT with EC grading types. Median eIF4g CS was higher in type II EC (p = 0.034). Upon western blot analysis, eIF4g (p < 0.001), peIF2α (p < 0.001) and eIF3h (p < 0.05) were significantly overexpressed in EC, while expression of eIF3c was significantly reduced in EC as compared with NNT (p < 0.001). The remaining eIFs were non-significant. Besides tumour stage (p < 0.001) and patient's age (p < 0.001), high eIF4g CS-levels were independently associated with poor prognosis (HR: 1.604, 95%CI: 1.037-2.483, p = 0.034). The other eIFs had no prognostic significance. Notably, the independent prognostic significance of eIF4g was lost when adding tumour type. Considering the difficulties in differentiating EC type I and II, eIF4g may serve as a novel prognostic marker indicating patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Smolle
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036 Graz, Austria;
- Area 2 Cancer, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Piotr Czapiewski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.C.); (H.M.); (W.B.)
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sylwia Lapińska-Szumczyk
- Department of Gynaecology, Gynaecological Oncology and Gynaecological Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdańsk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Hanna Majewska
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.C.); (H.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Anna Supernat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańnsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 1a, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Anna Zaczek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańnsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Bażyńskiego 1a, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland; (A.S.); (A.Z.)
| | - Wojciech Biernat
- Department of Pathomorphology, Medical University of Gdansk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland; (P.C.); (H.M.); (W.B.)
| | - Nicole Golob-Schwarzl
- Area 2 Cancer, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Area 2 Cancer, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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39
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Asik E, Akpinar Y, Caner A, Kahraman N, Guray T, Volkan M, Albarracin C, Pataer A, Arun B, Ozpolat B. EF2-kinase targeted cobalt-ferrite siRNA-nanotherapy suppresses BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2315-2338. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the role of EF2K in BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Materials & methods: We developed silica coated cobalt-ferrite (CoFe) nanoparticles for in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Results: Expression of EF2K is highly upregulated in the majority (78.5%) of BRCA1-mutated patients and significantly associated with poor patient survival and metastasis. Silencing of EF2K reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion of the cancer cells. In vivo therapeutic targeting of EF2K by CoFe-siRNA-nanoparticles leads to sustained EF2K gene knockdown and suppressed tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft models of BRCA1-mutated breast cancer. Conclusion: EF2K is a potential novel molecular target in BRCA1-mutated tumors and CoFe-based siRNA nanotherapy may be used as a novel approach to target EF2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Asik
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Akpinar
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, Kırsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırsehir 40100, Turkey
| | - Ayse Caner
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Nermin Kahraman
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Tulin Guray
- Department of Biotechnology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Murvet Volkan
- Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Constance Albarracin
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Apar Pataer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Banu Arun
- Departments of Breast Medical Oncology & Breast Cancer Genetics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
- Center for RNA Interference & Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas-MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
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40
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Whitman NA, Lin ZW, Kenney RM, Albertini L, Lockett MR. Hypoxia differentially regulates estrogen receptor alpha in 2D and 3D culture formats. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 671:8-17. [PMID: 31163125 PMCID: PMC6688900 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors. Clinical samples show a positive correlation between the expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and a negative correlation between HIF-1α and hormone sensitivity. Results from monolayer cultures are in contention with clinical observations, showing that ER (+) cell lines no longer express ERα under hypoxic conditions (1% O2). Here, we compared the impact of hypoxia on the ERα signaling pathway for T47D cells in a 2D and 3D culture format. In the 2D format, the cells were cultured as monolayers. In the 3D format, paper-based scaffolds supported cells suspended in a collagen matrix. Using ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence measurements, we show that hypoxia differentially regulates ERα protein levels in a culture environment-dependent manner. In the 2D format, the protein levels are significantly decreased in hypoxia. In the 3D format, the protein levels are maintained in hypoxia. Hypoxia reduced ERα transcriptional activation in both culture formats. These results highlight the importance of considering tissue dimensionality for in vitro studies. They also show that ERα protein levels in hypoxia are not an accurate indicator of ERα transcriptional activity, and confirm that a positive stain for ERα in a clinical sample may not necessarily indicate hormone sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A Whitman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Zhi-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Rachael M Kenney
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Leonardo Albertini
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA
| | - Matthew R Lockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kenan and Caudill Laboratories, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3290, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7295, USA.
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41
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Li M, Zhu Y, Li J, Chen L, Tao W, Li X, Qiu Y. Effect and mechanism of verbascoside on hypoxic memory injury in plateau. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2692-2701. [PMID: 31364205 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maoxing Li
- Department of PharmacyThe 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injure in Plateau of PLA Lanzhou China
- Department of PharmacyLanzhou University Lanzhou China
- School of PharmacyGansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- Department of PharmacyThe 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injure in Plateau of PLA Lanzhou China
- Department of PharmacyLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of PharmacyThe 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injure in Plateau of PLA Lanzhou China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of PharmacyThe 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injure in Plateau of PLA Lanzhou China
| | - Wendi Tao
- Department of PharmacyThe 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injure in Plateau of PLA Lanzhou China
- Department of PharmacyLanzhou University Lanzhou China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of PharmacyThe 940th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA Lanzhou China
- Key Laboratory of the Prevention and Treatment for Injure in Plateau of PLA Lanzhou China
- School of PharmacyGansu University of Chinese Medicine Lanzhou China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Department of PharmacyPudong Hospital of Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science Shanghai China
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42
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Genuth NR, Barna M. Heterogeneity and specialized functions of translation machinery: from genes to organisms. Nat Rev Genet 2019; 19:431-452. [PMID: 29725087 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-018-0008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA translation offers the opportunity to diversify the expression and abundance of proteins made from individual gene products in cells, tissues and organisms. Emerging evidence has highlighted variation in the composition and activity of several large, highly conserved translation complexes as a means to differentially control gene expression. Heterogeneity and specialized functions of individual components of the ribosome and of the translation initiation factor complexes eIF3 and eIF4F, which are required for recruitment of the ribosome to the mRNA 5' untranslated region, have been identified. In this Review, we summarize the evidence for selective mRNA translation by components of these macromolecular complexes as a means to dynamically control the translation of the proteome in time and space. We further discuss the implications of this form of gene expression regulation for a growing number of human genetic disorders associated with mutations in the translation machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi R Genuth
- Departments of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maria Barna
- Departments of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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43
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Piserchio A, Will N, Giles DH, Hajredini F, Dalby KN, Ghose R. Solution Structure of the Carboxy-Terminal Tandem Repeat Domain of Eukaryotic Elongation Factor 2 Kinase and Its Role in Substrate Recognition. J Mol Biol 2019; 431:2700-2717. [PMID: 31108082 PMCID: PMC6599559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase (eEF-2K), an atypical calmodulin-activated protein kinase, regulates translational elongation by phosphorylating its substrate, eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2), thereby reducing its affinity for the ribosome. The activation and activity of eEF-2K are critical for survival under energy-deprived conditions and is implicated in a variety of essential physiological processes. Previous biochemical experiments have indicated that the binding site for the substrate eEF-2 is located in the C-terminal domain of eEF-2K, a region predicted to harbor several α-helical repeats. Here, using NMR methodology, we have determined the solution structure of a C-terminal fragment of eEF-2K, eEF-2K562-725 that encodes two α-helical repeats. The structure of eEF-2K562-725 shows signatures characteristic of TPR domains and of their SEL1-like sub-family. Furthermore, using the analyses of NMR spectral perturbations and ITC measurements, we have localized the eEF-2 binding site on eEF-2K562-725. We find that eEF-2K562-725 engages eEF-2 with an affinity comparable to that of the full-length enzyme. Furthermore, eEF-2K562-725 is able to inhibit the phosphorylation of eEF-2 by full-length eEF-2K in trans. Our present studies establish that eEF-2K562-725 encodes the major elements necessary to enable the eEF-2K/eEF-2 interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Piserchio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, NewYork, NY 10031, USA
| | - Nathan Will
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, NewYork, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David H Giles
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Fatlum Hajredini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, NewYork, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Graduate Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ranajeet Ghose
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The City College of New York, NewYork, NY 10031, USA; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA; Graduate Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA; Graduate Program in Physics, The Graduate Center of CUNY, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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44
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Kang IN, Lee CY, Tan SC. Selection of best reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis of human neural stem cells preconditioned with hypoxia or baicalein-enriched fraction extracted from Oroxylum indicum medicinal plant. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02156. [PMID: 31388587 PMCID: PMC6676056 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Whilst the potential of neural stem cell (NSC)-based treatment is recognized worldwide and seems to offer a promising therapeutic option for stroke treatments, there is currently no full understanding regarding the effects of hypoxic and baicalein-enriched fraction (BEF) preconditioning approaches on the therapeutic potential of these cells for stroke. The potential of preconditioned NSC can be determined based on the expression of several key neuroprotective genes using qRT-PCR technique. However, prior to that, it is imperative and extremely important to carefully select reference gene(s) for accurate qRT-PCR data normalization to avoid error in data interpretation. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of ten candidate reference genes via comprehensive analysis using three algorithms software: geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. Our results revealed that HPRT1 and RPL13A were the most reliable reference genes for BEF-preconditioned NSCs, but ironically, HPRT1 was ranked as the least stable reference gene for hypoxic-preconditioned NSCs. On the other hand, RPLP1 and RPL13A were selected as the most stably expressed pair of reference genes for hypoxic-preconditioned NSCs. In conclusion, this study has pointed out the importance of identifying valid reference genes and has presented the first significant validation on best reference genes recommended for qRT-PCR study involves NSC preconditioned with hypoxia or with BEF extracted from Oroxylum indicum medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Nee Kang
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Chong Yew Lee
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Main Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Suat Cheng Tan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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45
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Hettiarachchi GK, Katneni UK, Hunt RC, Kames JM, Athey JC, Bar H, Sauna ZE, McGill JR, Ibla JC, Kimchi-Sarfaty C. Translational and transcriptional responses in human primary hepatocytes under hypoxia. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G720-G734. [PMID: 30920299 PMCID: PMC6620582 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00331.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the primary source of a large number of plasma proteins and plays a critical role in multiple biological processes. Inadequate oxygen supply characterizing various clinical settings such as liver transplantation exposes the liver to hypoxic conditions. Studies assessing hypoxia-induced global translational changes in liver are lacking. Here, we employed a recently developed ribosome-profiling technique to assess global translational responses of human primary hepatocytes exposed to acute hypoxic stress (1% O2) for the short term. In parallel, transcriptome profiling was performed to assess mRNA expression changes. We found that translational responses appeared earlier and were predominant over transcriptional responses. A significant decrease in translational efficiency of several ribosome genes indicated translational inhibition of new ribosome protein synthesis in hypoxia. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted altered translational regulation of MAPK signaling, drug metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathways. Gene Ontology enrichment analysis revealed terms related to translation, metabolism, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and response to stress. Transcriptional induction of genes encoding heat shock proteins was observed within 30 min of hypoxia. Induction of genes encoding stress response mediators, metabolism regulators, and proangiogenic proteins was observed at 240 min. Despite the liver being the primary source of coagulation proteins and the implicated role of hypoxia in thrombosis, limited differences were observed in genes encoding coagulation-associated proteins. Overall, our study demonstrates the predominance of translational regulation over transcription and highlights differentially regulated pathways or biological processes in short-term hypoxic stress responses of human primary hepatocytes. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The novelty of this study lies in applying parallel ribosome- and transcriptome-profiling analyses to human primary hepatocytes in hypoxia. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess global translational responses using ribosome profiling in hypoxic hepatocytes. Our results demonstrate the predominance of translational responses over transcriptional responses in early hepatic hypoxic stress responses. Furthermore, our study reveals multiple pathways and specific genes showing altered regulation in hypoxic hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaya K. Hettiarachchi
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Upendra K. Katneni
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ryan C. Hunt
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Jacob M. Kames
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - John C. Athey
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Haim Bar
- 2Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Zuben E. Sauna
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Joseph R. McGill
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Juan C. Ibla
- 3Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty
- 1Hemostasis Branch, Division of Plasma Protein Therapeutics, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
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46
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Orang AV, Petersen J, McKinnon RA, Michael MZ. Micromanaging aerobic respiration and glycolysis in cancer cells. Mol Metab 2019; 23:98-126. [PMID: 30837197 PMCID: PMC6479761 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cells possess a common metabolic phenotype, rewiring their metabolic pathways from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis and anabolic circuits, to support the energetic and biosynthetic requirements of continuous proliferation and migration. While, over the past decade, molecular and cellular studies have clearly highlighted the association of oncogenes and tumor suppressors with cancer-associated glycolysis, more recent attention has focused on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in mediating this metabolic shift. Accumulating studies have connected aberrant expression of miRNAs with direct and indirect regulation of aerobic glycolysis and associated pathways. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and provides arguments that the earlier paradigm of cancer glycolysis needs to be updated to a broader concept, which involves interconnecting biological pathways that include miRNA-mediated regulation of metabolism. For these reasons and in light of recent knowledge, we illustrate the relationships between metabolic pathways in cancer cells. We further summarize our current understanding of the interplay between miRNAs and these metabolic pathways. This review aims to highlight important metabolism-associated molecular components in the hunt for selective preventive and therapeutic treatments. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Metabolism in cancer cells is influenced by driver mutations but is also regulated by posttranscriptional gene silencing. Understanding the nuanced regulation of gene expression in these cells and distinguishing rapid cellular responses from chronic adaptive mechanisms provides a basis for rational drug design and novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla V Orang
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Janni Petersen
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Ross A McKinnon
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia.
| | - Michael Z Michael
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders University, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia.
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47
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Abstract
Cells respond to hypoxia by shifting cellular processes from general housekeeping functions to activating specialized hypoxia-response pathways. Oxygen plays an important role in generating ATP to maintain a productive rate of protein synthesis in normoxia. In hypoxia, the rate of the canonical protein synthesis pathway is significantly slowed and impaired due to limited ATP availability, necessitating an alternative mechanism to mediate protein synthesis and facilitate adaptation. Hypoxia adaptation is largely mediated by hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). While HIFs are well known for their transcriptional functions, they also play imperative roles in translation to mediate hypoxic protein synthesis. Such adaptations to hypoxia are often hyperactive in solid tumors, contributing to the expression of cancer hallmarks, including treatment resistance. The current literature on protein synthesis in hypoxia is reviewed here, inclusive of hypoxia-specific mRNA selection to translation termination. Current HIF targeting therapies are also discussed as are the opportunities involved with targeting hypoxia specific protein synthesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy T Chee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Ines Lohse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Shaun P Brothers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1501 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Kou X, Chen D, Chen N. Physical Activity Alleviates Cognitive Dysfunction of Alzheimer's Disease through Regulating the mTOR Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071591. [PMID: 30934958 PMCID: PMC6479697 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common aging-related progressive neurodegenerative disorders, and can result in great suffering for a large portion of the aged population. Although the pathogenesis of AD is being elucidated, the exact mechanisms are still unclear, thereby impeding the development of effective drugs, supplements, and other interventional strategies for AD. In recent years, impaired autophagy associated with microRNA (miRNA) dysfunction has been reported to be involved in aging and aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, miRNA-mediated regulation for the functional status of autophagy may become one of the potent interventional strategies for AD. Mounting evidence from in vivo AD models has demonstrated that physical activity can exert a neuroprotective role in AD. In addition, autophagy is strictly regulated by the mTOR signaling pathway. In this article, the regulation of the functional status of autophagy through the mTOR signaling pathway during physical activity is systematically discussed for the prevention and treatment of AD. This concept will be beneficial to developing novel and effective targets that can create a direct link between pharmacological intervention and AD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjuan Kou
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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49
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Ivanova IG, Park CV, Kenneth NS. Translating the Hypoxic Response-the Role of HIF Protein Translation in the Cellular Response to Low Oxygen. Cells 2019; 8:E114. [PMID: 30717305 PMCID: PMC6406544 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) play essential roles in the physiological response to low oxygen in all multicellular organisms, while their deregulation is associated with human diseases. HIF levels and activity are primarily controlled by the availability of the oxygen-sensitive HIFα subunits, which is mediated by rapid alterations to the rates of HIFα protein production and degradation. While the pathways that control HIFα degradation are understood in great detail, much less is known about the targeted control of HIFα protein synthesis and what role this has in controlling HIF activity during the hypoxic response. This review will focus on the signalling pathways and RNA binding proteins that modulate HIFα mRNA half-life and/or translation rate, and their contribution to hypoxia-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iglika G Ivanova
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Catherine V Park
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Niall S Kenneth
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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50
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Puthucheary ZA, Astin R, Mcphail MJW, Saeed S, Pasha Y, Bear DE, Constantin D, Velloso C, Manning S, Calvert L, Singer M, Batterham RL, Gomez-Romero M, Holmes E, Steiner MC, Atherton PJ, Greenhaff P, Edwards LM, Smith K, Harridge SD, Hart N, Montgomery HE. Metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle in early critical illness. Thorax 2018; 73:926-935. [PMID: 29980655 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To characterise the sketetal muscle metabolic phenotype during early critical illness. METHODS Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies and serum samples (days 1 and 7) were obtained from 63 intensive care patients (59% male, 54.7±18.0 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 23.5±6.5). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS From day 1 to 7, there was a reduction in mitochondrial beta-oxidation enzyme concentrations, mitochondrial biogenesis markers (PGC1α messenger mRNA expression (-27.4CN (95% CI -123.9 to 14.3); n=23; p=0.025) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (-1859CN (IQR -5557-1325); n=35; p=0.032). Intramuscular ATP content was reduced compared tocompared with controls on day 1 (17.7mmol/kg /dry weight (dw) (95% CI 15.3 to 20.0) vs. 21.7 mmol/kg /dw (95% CI 20.4 to 22.9); p<0.001) and decreased over 7 days (-4.8 mmol/kg dw (IQR -8.0-1.2); n=33; p=0.001). In addition, the ratio of phosphorylated:total AMP-K (the bioenergetic sensor) increased (0.52 (IQR -0.09-2.6); n=31; p<0.001). There was an increase in intramuscular phosphocholine (847.2AU (IQR 232.5-1672); n=15; p=0.022), intramuscular tumour necrosis factor receptor 1 (0.66 µg (IQR -0.44-3.33); n=29; p=0.041) and IL-10 (13.6 ng (IQR 3.4-39.0); n=29; p=0.004). Serum adiponectin (10.3 µg (95% CI 6.8 to 13.7); p<0.001) and ghrelin (16.0 ng/mL (IQR -7-100); p=0.028) increased. Network analysis revealed a close and direct relationship between bioenergetic impairment and reduction in muscle mass and between intramuscular inflammation and impaired anabolic signaling. ATP content and muscle mass were unrelated to lipids delivered. CONCLUSIONS Decreased mitochondrial biogenesis and dysregulated lipid oxidation contribute to compromised skeletal muscle bioenergetic status. In addition, intramuscular inflammation was associated with impaired anabolic recovery with lipid delivery observed as bioenergetically inert. Future clinical work will focus on these key areas to ameliorate acute skeletal muscle wasting. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01106300.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zudin A Puthucheary
- Institute for Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ronan Astin
- Institute for Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark J W Mcphail
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Saima Saeed
- Wolfson Institute Centre for Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yasmin Pasha
- Hepatology and Gastroenterology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Danielle E Bear
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London
- Department of Critical Care, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, London, UK
| | - Despina Constantin
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Cristiana Velloso
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Manning
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London
- School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Lori Calvert
- Northwest Anglia foundation Trust, Peterborough City Hospital NHS Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - Mervyn Singer
- Intensive Care Unit, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Wolfson Institute Centre for Intensive Care Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Batterham
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute of Health Research, UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London
| | - Maria Gomez-Romero
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, London, UK
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Computational and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, London, UK
| | - Michael C Steiner
- Institute for Lung Health, Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre-Respiratory, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Philip J Atherton
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lindsay M Edwards
- Digital, Data & Analytics Unit, Respiratory Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Kenneth Smith
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Aging Research, National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephen D Harridge
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Hart
- Lane Fox Clinical Respiratory Physiology Research Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, London, UK
- Lane Fox Respiratory Service, St Thomas' Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Hugh E Montgomery
- Institute for Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Human Health and Performance, University College London, London, UK
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