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Grisendi G, Dall'Ora M, Casari G, Spattini G, Farshchian M, Melandri A, Masicale V, Lepore F, Banchelli F, Costantini RC, D'Esposito A, Chiavelli C, Spano C, Spallanzani A, Petrachi T, Veronesi E, Ferracin M, Roncarati R, Vinet J, Magistri P, Catellani B, Candini O, Marra C, Eccher A, Bonetti LR, Horwtiz EM, Di Benedetto F, Dominici M. Combining gemcitabine and MSC delivering soluble TRAIL to target pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its stroma. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101685. [PMID: 39168103 PMCID: PMC11384958 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) still has a poor response to therapies, partly due to their cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Here, we investigate the synergistic impact of a combinatory approach between a known chemotherapy agent, such as gemcitabine (GEM), and gene-modified human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) secreting the pro-apoptotic soluble (s)TRAIL (sTRAIL MSCs) on both PDAC cells and CAFs. The combo significantly impacts on PDAC survival in 2D and 3D models. In orthotopic xenograft models, GEM and sTRAIL MSCs induce tumor architecture shredding with a reduction of CK7- and CK8/18-positive cancer cells and the abrogation of spleen metastases. A cytotoxic effect on primary human CAFs is also observed along with an alteration of their transcriptome and a reduction of the related desmoplasia. Collectively, we demonstrate a promising therapeutic profile of combining GEM and sTRAIL MSCs to target both tumoral and stromal compartments in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Grisendi
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy.
| | | | - Giulia Casari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona
| | | | - Moein Farshchian
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Aurora Melandri
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Masicale
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Lepore
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Banchelli
- Center of Statistic, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, UNIMORE, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Angela D'Esposito
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Chiavelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Spano
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, UNIMORE, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna; IRCCS AOU di Bologna, Policlinico S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna
| | | | | | - Paolo Magistri
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, UNIMORE, Modena, Italy
| | - Barbara Catellani
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, UNIMORE, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Marra
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Edwin M Horwtiz
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fabrizio Di Benedetto
- Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Unit, UNIMORE, Modena, Italy
| | - Massimo Dominici
- Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Modena, Italy; Division of Oncology, University-Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy; Division of Medical Oncology, Residency School of Medical Oncology, Program in Cellular Therapy and Immuno-oncology, Laboratory of Cellular Therapy, University Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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Lin JH, Hung CH, Huang YC, Chen CS, Ho DR. The p38-MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE Signaling Pathway Is Involved in Leonurus artemisia Extract-Induced Inhibition of the Proliferation of Human Bladder Cancer BFTC-905 Cells via G1/G0 Arrest and Causes Apoptosis In Vitro. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1338. [PMID: 37895809 PMCID: PMC10609973 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a urothelial malignancy. Bladder cancer starts in the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder. The 5-year recurrence rate for bladder cancer ranges from 31% to 78%, and the progression rate is approximately 45%. To treat bladder cancer, intravesical drug therapy is often used. Leonurus artemisia extract (LaE) was obtained from medicinal samples of Chinese motherwort Scientific Chinese Medicine; L. artemisia has various biological effects. This study investigated the impact of LaE on human bladder cancer cells (the BFTC-905 cell line) and the molecular mechanism underlying apoptosis resulting from the activation of cell signal transduction pathways in bladder cancer cells. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to determine the effect of LaE on cell growth. The effect of LaE on migration ability was observed using a wound healing assay. The effects of LaE on the cell cycle, reactive oxygen species production, and apoptosis were investigated. Western blot analysis detected apoptosis-related and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway-related protein concentrations. At non-toxic concentrations, LaE inhibited the proliferation of BFTC-905 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 24.08172 µg/µL. LaE impaired the migration ability of BFTC-905 cells. LaE arrested the cell cycle in the G1 and G0 phases, increased reactive oxygen species production, and induced apoptosis. LaE increased Bax and p-ERK concentrations and decreased Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, and p-p38 concentrations. No differences in PARP, C-PARP, vimentin, e-cadherin, p-JNK, or TNF-alpha concentrations were observed. These results suggest that LaE inhibits the proliferation of human bladder cancer cells. Moreover, the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway is involved in the inhibition of the proliferation of BFTC-905 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chein-Hui Hung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Yun-Ching Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Shou Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Dong-Ru Ho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi 613, Taiwan; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
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Huang M, Zou M, Mao S, Xu W, Hong Y, Wang H, Gui F, Yang L, Lian F, Chen R. 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol confirms ototoxicity in mouse cochlear organotypic cultures and induces cytotoxicity in HEI-OC1 cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 475:116612. [PMID: 37463651 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The metabolite of organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF), 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP), is persistent and mobile toxic substance in soil and water environments, exhibiting cytotoxic, genotoxic, and neurotoxic properties. However, little is known about its effects on the peripheral auditory system. Herein, we investigated the effects of TCP exposure on mouse postnatal day 3 (P3) cochlear culture and an auditory cell line HEI-OC1 to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of ototoxicity. The damage of TCP to outer hair cells (OHC) and support cells (SC) was observed in a dose and time-dependent manner. OHC and SC were a significant loss from basal to apical turn of the cochlea under exposure over 800 μM TCP for 96 h. As TCP concentrations increased, cell viability was reduced whereas reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, apoptotic cells, and the extent of DNA damage were increased, accordingly. TCP-induced phosphorylation of the p38 and JNK MAPK are the downstream effectors of ROS. The antioxidant agent, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), could reverse TCP-mediated intracellular ROS generation, inhibit the expressive level of cleaved-caspase 3 and block phosphorylation of p38/JNK. Overall, this is the first demonstration of TCP damaging to peripheral sensory HCs and SC in organotypic cultures from the postnatal cochlea. Data also showed that TCP exposure induced oxidase stress, cell apoptosis and DNA damage in the HEI-OC1 cells. These findings serve as an important reference for assessing the risk of TCP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Huang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Mingshan Zou
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Shuangshuang Mao
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Wenqi Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Yu Hong
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fei Gui
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
| | - Rong Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
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Sheng R, Liu J, Zhang W, Luo Y, Chen Z, Chi J, Mo Q, Wang M, Sun Y, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Kuang B, Yan C, Liu H, Backman LJ, Chen J. Material Stiffness in Cooperation with Macrophage Paracrine Signals Determines the Tenogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206814. [PMID: 37097733 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stiffness is an important physical property of biomaterials that determines stem cell fate. Guiding stem cell differentiation via stiffness modulation has been considered in tissue engineering. However, the mechanism by which material stiffness regulates stem cell differentiation into the tendon lineage remains controversial. Increasing evidence demonstrates that immune cells interact with implanted biomaterials and regulate stem cell behaviors via paracrine signaling; however, the role of this mechanism in tendon differentiation is not clear. In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates with different stiffnesses are developed, and the tenogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exposed to different stiffnesses and macrophage paracrine signals is investigated. The results reveal that lower stiffnesses facilitates tenogenic differentiation of MSCs, while macrophage paracrine signals at these stiffnesses suppress the differentiation. When exposed to these two stimuli, MSCs still exhibit enhanced tendon differentiation, which is further elucidated by global proteomic analysis. Following subcutaneous implantation in rats for 2 weeks, soft biomaterial induces only low inflammation and promotes tendon-like tissue formation. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that soft, rather than stiff, material has a greater potential to guide tenogenic differentiation of stem cells, which provides comprehensive evidence for optimized bioactive scaffold design in tendon tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwang Sheng
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Luo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhixuan Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Chi
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Mo
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhi Sun
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Digital Medicine, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210006, P. R. China
| | - Chuanquan Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Baian Kuang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Yan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Jialin Chen
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, P. R. China
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
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El-Bana MA, Ashour MN, Rasheed WI, Diab YM, Medhat D. Bombax ceiba Linn. leaf extract rich in phenolic compounds to mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver-related complications in experimental model. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 20:343-352. [PMID: 36935561 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Obesity, diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance (IR), and hypertriglyceridemia are common features observed in non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). There is a critical medical necessity to find novel therapeutics that can halt the development of NAFLD. METHODS Bombax ceiba Linn. leaf extract was prepared and its phytochemical profile was determined. Standard and high carbohydrate high-fat diets (HCHF) were prepared. Rats were fed HCHF for 18 weeks to induce a non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) model. Forty male rats were divided into control, B. ceiba Linn. leaf extract, NAFL, prophylactic, and treated groups. Serum fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), intelectin-1 (ITLN1), p38 MAP kinase (MAPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated. RESULTS Data obtained showed that HCHF-induced NAFL resulting in a significant increase in FBS, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, cholesterol, LDL, TG, ALT, AST, and IL-6 and a significant decrease in serum levels of HDL, ITLN1, p38 MAP kinase, and PPAR-α compared to the control group. The analysis of B. ceiba Linn. leaf extract showed high content of phenol compounds which may cause a significant decrease in the levels of FBS, insulin, HOMA-IR values, lipid profile, and levels of IL-6 while a significant increase in serum levels of LDL, ITLN1, p38 MAP kinase, and PPAR-α compared to the NAFL group. CONCLUSIONS B. ceiba Linn. Leaf extract is a highly protective and promising therapeutic agent against inflammation and oxidative stress in the NAFLD model induced by HCHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A El-Bana
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Magdi N Ashour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wafaa I Rasheed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Diab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Dalia Medhat
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Basiouni S, Tellez-Isaias G, Latorre JD, Graham BD, Petrone-Garcia VM, El-Seedi HR, Yalçın S, El-Wahab AA, Visscher C, May-Simera HL, Huber C, Eisenreich W, Shehata AA. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Phytogenic Substances against Secret Killers in Poultry: Current Status and Prospects. Vet Sci 2023; 10:55. [PMID: 36669057 PMCID: PMC9866488 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is recognized as a secret killer in poultry. It is associated with systemic inflammation due to cytokine release, dysbiosis, and the so-called leaky gut syndrome, which mainly results from oxidative stress reactions that damage the barrier function of the cells lining the gut wall. Poultry, especially the genetically selected broiler breeds, frequently suffer from these chronic stress symptoms when exposed to multiple stressors in their growing environments. Since oxidative stress reactions and inflammatory damages are multi-stage and long-term processes, overshooting immune reactions and their down-stream effects also negatively affect the animal's microbiota, and finally impair its performance and commercial value. Means to counteract oxidative stress in poultry and other animals are, therefore, highly welcome. Many phytogenic substances, including flavonoids and phenolic compounds, are known to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this review, firstly, the main stressors in poultry, such as heat stress, mycotoxins, dysbiosis and diets that contain oxidized lipids that trigger oxidative stress and inflammation, are discussed, along with the key transcription factors involved in the related signal transduction pathways. Secondly, the most promising phytogenic substances and their current applications to ameliorate oxidative stress and inflammation in poultry are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shereen Basiouni
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Juan D. Latorre
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Brittany D. Graham
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Victor M. Petrone-Garcia
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlan, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM), Cuautitlan Izcalli 58190, Mexico
| | - Hesham R. El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, SE 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing 210024, China
| | - Sakine Yalçın
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University (AU), 06110 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Amr Abd El-Wahab
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany
- Department of Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiency Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hanover, Germany
| | - Helen L. May-Simera
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes-Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Structural Biochemistry of Membranes, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Eisenreich
- Structural Biochemistry of Membranes, Bavarian NMR Center, Technical University of Munich (TUM), D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Awad A. Shehata
- Avian and Rabbit Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, An der Trift 8, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Prophy-Institute for Applied Prophylaxis, 59159 Bönen, Germany
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Singlet Oxygen, Photodynamic Therapy, and Mechanisms of Cancer Cell Death. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:7211485. [PMID: 35794980 PMCID: PMC9252714 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7211485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be developed into an important arsenal against cancer; it is a minimally invasive therapy, which is used in the treatment or/and palliation of a variety of cancers and benign diseases. The removal of cancerous tissue is achieved with the use of photosensitizer and a light source, which excites the photosensitizer. This excitation causes the photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen and other reactive oxygen species. PDT has been used in several types of cancers including nonmelanoma skin cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, head and neck cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although it is routinely used in nonmelanoma skin cancer, it has not been widely adopted in other solid cancers due to a lack of clinical data showing the superiority of PDT over other forms of treatment. Singlet oxygen used in PDT can alter the activity of the catalase, which induces immunomodulation through HOCl signaling. The singlet oxygen can induce apoptosis through both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis starts with the activation of the Fas receptor by singlet oxygen that leads to activation of the caspase-7 and caspase-3. In the case of the intrinsic pathway, disruption caused by singlet oxygen in the mitochondria membrane leads to the release of cytochrome c, which binds with APAF-1 and procaspase-9, forming a complex, which activates caspase-3. Mechanisms of PDT action can vary according to organelles affected. In the plasma membrane, membrane disruption is caused by the oxidative stress leading to the intake of calcium ions, which causes swelling and rupture of cells due to excess intake of water, whereas disruption of lysosome causes the release of the cathepsins B and D, which cleave Bid into tBid, which changes the mitochondrial outer membrane permeability (MOMP). Oxidative stress causes misfolding of protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. When misfolding exceeds the threshold, it triggers unfolding protein response (UPR), which leads to activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Finally, the activation of p38 MAPK works as an alternative pathway for the induction of MOMP.
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Fontana F, Marzagalli M, Raimondi M, Zuco V, Zaffaroni N, Limonta P. δ-Tocotrienol sensitizes and re-sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to cisplatin via induction of G1 phase cell cycle arrest and ROS/MAPK-mediated apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13111. [PMID: 34520051 PMCID: PMC8560608 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Among gynaecologic malignancies, ovarian cancer (OC) represents the leading cause of death for women worldwide. Current OC treatment involves cytoreductive surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy, which is associated with severe side effects and development of drug resistance. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Herein, we evaluated the anti-tumour effects of Vitamin E-derived δ-tocotrienol (δ-TT) in two human OC cell lines, IGROV-1 and SKOV-3 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT and Trypan blue exclusion assays were used to assess δ-TT cytotoxicity, alone or in combination with other molecules. δ-TT effects on cell cycle, apoptosis, ROS generation and MAPK phosphorylation were investigated by flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. The synergism between δ-TT and chemotherapy was evaluated by isobologram analysis. RESULTS We demonstrated that δ-TT could induce cell cycle block at G1-S phase and mitochondrial apoptosis in OC cell lines. In particular, we found that the proapoptotic activity of δ-TT correlated with mitochondrial ROS production and subsequent JNK and p38 activation. Finally, we observed that the compound was able to synergize with cisplatin, not only enhancing its cytotoxicity in IGROV-1 and SKOV-3 cells but also re-sensitizing IGROV-1/Pt1 cell line to its anti-tumour effects. CONCLUSIONS δ-TT triggers G1 phase cell cycle arrest and ROS/MAPK-mediated apoptosis in OC cells and sensitizes them to platinum treatment, thus representing an interesting option for novel chemopreventive/therapeutic strategies for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Fontana
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Marzagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Raimondi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Zuco
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Limonta
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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9
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Understanding Abnormal c-JNK/p38MAPK Signaling Overactivation Involved in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Possible Therapeutic Targets and Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1630-1650. [PMID: 34432262 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Demyelination, immune dysregulation, and neuroinflammation are the most common triggers of motor neuron disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic demyelinating neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system caused by abnormal immune activation, which causes myelin sheath damage. Cell signal transduction pathways are required for a variety of physiological and pathological processes in the brain. When these signaling systems become overactive, they can lead to disease progression. In various physiological conditions, abnormal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation is associated with several physiological dysfunctions that cause neurodegeneration. Previous research indicates that c-JNK and p38MAPK signaling play critical roles in neuronal growth and differentiation. c-JNK/p38MAPK is a member of the MAPK family, which regulates metabolic pathways, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis that control certain neurological activities. During brain injuries, c-JNK/p38MAPK also affects neuronal elastic properties, nerve growth, and cognitive processing. This review systematically linked abnormal c-JNK/p38MAPK signaling activation to multiple neuropathological pathways in MS and related neurological dysfunctions. MS progression is linked to genetic defects, oligodendrocyte destruction, glial overactivation, and immune dysregulation. We concluded that inhibiting both the c-JNK/p38MAPK signaling pathways can promote neuroprotection and neurotrophic effects against the clinical-pathological presentation of MS and influence other neurological disorders. As a result, the potential benefits of c-JNK/p38MAPK downregulation for the development of disease-modifying treatment interventions in the future could include MS prevention and related neurocomplications.
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10
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Omolaoye TS, Du Plessis SS. The effect of streptozotocin induced diabetes on sperm function: a closer look at AGEs, RAGEs, MAPKs and activation of the apoptotic pathway. Toxicol Res 2021; 37:35-46. [PMID: 33489856 PMCID: PMC7806682 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-020-00040-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to (1) investigate the possible mechanisms through which diabetes-induced advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and receptor for AGEs (RAGE) activation can affect male reproductive function; and (2) corroborate the interaction of previously established independent pathways. Male albino Wistar rats (14-weeks old) weighing 250-300 g received either a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg), represented as STZ30 or STZ60 respectively, or citrate buffer (control). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was confirmed if plasma glucose levels were ≥ 14 mmol/L after 1 week. Animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks of treatment by an overdose of sodium pentobarbital (160 mg/kg body weight). The testes and epididymides were harvested. The testes were used for biochemical and Western blot analysis, while sperm was retrieved from the epididymis and analysed with computer-aided sperm analysis. The blood glucose levels of STZ60 animals were above the cut-off point and hence these animals were regarded as diabetic. Diabetic animals presented with a non-significant increase in AGE and RAGE expression. Diabetic animals showed a significant increase in the expression of cleaved caspase 3 compared to control (p < 0.001), and these animals also presented with an increase in the expression of JNK (p < 0.05), PARP (p = 0.059) and p38 MAPK (p = 0.1). Diabetic animals also displayed decreased catalase activity accompanied by a non-significant increase in malondialdehyde levels. Additionally, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of progressively motile spermatozoa (p < 0.05) in diabetic animals. This study has shed some light on the interplay between DM, AGE, RAGE and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in the testes of diabetic rats, which can result in altered sperm function and contribute to male infertility. However, more studies are needed to better understand this complicated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temidayo S. Omolaoye
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
| | - Stefan S. Du Plessis
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Francie van Zijl Drive, Tygerberg, 7505 South Africa
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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11
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TAK1 is involved in sodium L-lactate-stimulated p38 signaling and promotes apoptosis. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:873-882. [PMID: 33111211 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03952-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we found that the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) was significantly increased in L-lactate-treated HeLa cells, which is under concentration- and time-dependent manner. The protein level of Bcl-2 was significantly reduced and Bax and C-caspase3 were significantly increased in L-lactate-treated cells. qRT-PCR analysis suggested that the expression level of apoptosis-related genes Bax, C-myc, and FasL were significantly upregulated by L-lactate treatment. In addition, p38 inhibitor SB203580 blocked the L-lactate-stimulated phosphorylation of p38 (p-p38) and apoptosis, which suggested that L-lactate-stimulated apoptosis may be related to the activation of p38. Moreover, TAK1 inhibitor Takinib reduced L-lactate-triggered phosphorylation of p38 and also apoptosis; however, ASK1 inhibitor NQDI-1 did not. Cells transfected with siRNA of TAK1(siTAK1) showed similar results with Takinib inhibitor. These results suggested that the L-lactate treatment elevated activation of p38 and apoptosis was related to TAK1. In this study, we suggested that TAK1 plays an important role in L-lactate-stimulated activation of p38 affecting apoptosis in HeLa cells.
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12
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Mitochondrial Targeting of the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Map Triggers Calcium Mobilization, ADAM10-MAP Kinase Signaling, and Host Cell Apoptosis. mBio 2020; 11:mBio.01397-20. [PMID: 32934081 PMCID: PMC7492733 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01397-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) is an important human diarrhea-causing bacterium. The pathogenic effects of EPEC largely depend upon its ability to inject a series of proteins, termed effectors, into the host cells. One such effector is the mitochondrion-associated protein (Map). Map has been shown to induce actin-rich projections (i.e., filopodia) on the infected cell surface and activate a Rho GTPase enzyme termed Cdc42. Nonetheless, although most injected Map localizes to host mitochondria, its functions in the mitochondria remain unknown. Here, we show that Map targeting of mitochondria stimulates the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential to induce Ca2+ efflux into the host cytoplasm. The efflux stimulates the activity of a protein termed ADAM10, which induces activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade leading to host cell apoptosis. As apoptosis plays a central role in host-pathogen interactions, our findings provide novel insights into the functions of mitochondrial Map in promoting the EPEC disease. The ability of diarrheagenic bacterial pathogens, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), to modulate the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and cell survival has been suggested to benefit bacterial colonization and infection. However, our understanding of the mechanisms by which EPEC modulate these functions is incomplete. In this study, we show that the EPEC type III secreted effector Map stimulates the sheddase activity of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) and the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling cascades. Remarkably, all these activities were dependent upon the ability of Map to target host mitochondria, mainly via its mitochondrial toxicity region (MTR). Map targeting of mitochondria disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, causing extrusion of mitochondrial Ca2+ into the host cell cytoplasm. We also found that Map targeting of mitochondria is essential for triggering host cell apoptosis. Based on these findings, we propose a model whereby Map imported into mitochondria causes mitochondrial dysfunction and Ca2+ efflux into the host cytoplasm. Since Ca2+ has been reported to promote ADAM10 activation, the acute elevation of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm may stimulate the ADAM10 sheddase activity, resulting in the release of epidermal growth factors that stimulate the ERK signaling cascade. As p38 activity is also Ca2+ sensitive, elevation in cytoplasmic Ca2+ may independently also activate p38. We hypothesize that Map-dependent MAPK activation, combined with Map-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction, evokes mitochondrial host cell apoptosis, potentially contributing to EPEC colonization and infection of the gut.
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13
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Rahman SMT, Zhou W, Deiters A, Haugh JM. Optical control of MAP kinase kinase 6 (MKK6) reveals that it has divergent roles in pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative signaling. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8494-8504. [PMID: 32371393 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The selective pressure imposed by extrinsic death signals and stressors adds to the challenge of isolating and interpreting the roles of proteins in stress-activated signaling networks. By expressing a kinase with activating mutations and a caged lysine blocking the active site, we can rapidly switch on catalytic activity with light and monitor the ensuing dynamics. Applying this approach to MAP kinase 6 (MKK6), which activates the p38 subfamily of MAPKs, we found that decaging active MKK6 in fibroblasts is sufficient to trigger apoptosis in a p38-dependent manner. Both in fibroblasts and in a murine melanoma cell line expressing mutant B-Raf, MKK6 activation rapidly and potently inhibited the pro-proliferative extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway; to our surprise, this negative cross-regulation was equally robust when all p38 isoforms were inhibited. These results position MKK6 as a new pleiotropic signal transducer that promotes both pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative signaling, and they highlight the utility of caged, light-activated kinases for dissecting stress-activated signaling networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Md Toufiqur Rahman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander Deiters
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jason M Haugh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Liu XM, Chen QH, Hu Q, Liu Z, Wu Q, Liang SS, Zhang HG, Zhang Q, Zhang XK. Dexmedetomidine protects intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting p38 MAPK cascades. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 115:104444. [PMID: 32335082 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an agonist of α2-adrenoceptor with sedation and analgesia effect, has recently been identified with protective function against I/R injury in multiple organs. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect of DEX on intestine after I/R injury remained poorly understood. In the present study, using in both in vitro and in vivo models, we found that intestinal I/R injury was associated with the activation of p38 MAPK cascade, while DEX was capable of deactivating p38 MAPK and thus protect intestinal cells from apoptosis by inhibiting p38 MAPK-mediated mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c (Cyto C) release. Moreover, through inhibiting p38 MAPK activity, the downstream production of pro-inflammatory cytokines-regulated by NF-κB was also suppressed by DEX treatment, leading to the resolution of I/R-induced inflammation in intestine. In general, our study provided evidence that DEX protected intestine from I/R injury by inhibiting p38 MAPK-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qiu-Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Si-Si Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Huai-Gen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xue-Kang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China.
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15
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Understanding MAPK Signaling Pathways in Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072346. [PMID: 32231094 PMCID: PMC7177758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 555] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways regulate a variety of biological processes through multiple cellular mechanisms. In most of these processes, such as apoptosis, MAPKs have a dual role since they can act as activators or inhibitors, depending on the cell type and the stimulus. In this review, we present the main pro- and anti-apoptotic mechanisms regulated by MAPKs, as well as the crosstalk observed between some MAPKs. We also describe the basic signaling properties of MAPKs (ultrasensitivity, hysteresis, digital response), and the presence of different positive feedback loops in apoptosis. We provide a simple guide to predict MAPKs’ behavior, based on the intensity and duration of the stimulus. Finally, we consider the role of MAPKs in osmostress-induced apoptosis by using Xenopus oocytes as a cell model. As we will see, apoptosis is plagued with multiple positive feedback loops. We hope this review will help to understand how MAPK signaling pathways engage irreversible cellular decisions.
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16
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Li F, Huang D, Yang W, Liu X, Nie S, Xie M. Polysaccharide from the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. alleviates nonylphenol induced reproductive system injury of male rats via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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17
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Variations in the Expression Pattern of HSP27 and MSK1 Genes During the Development of Prehierarchical Follicles in the Zi Geese ( Anser Cygnoides). ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The p38MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) signaling contributes a pivotal role in mammalian ovarian follicular development; however, the knowledge regarding their expression in geese remains unresolved. The objective of the current study was to determine the spatio-temporal expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase 1 (MSK1) genes in the prehierarchical follicles during geese ovarian development. The prehierarchical follicles samples were harvested from 35- to 37-week-old healthy laying geese. HSP27 and MSK1 relative expression in various sized prehierachical follicles was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. Follicular wall localization of HSP27 and MSK1 was examined by using immunohistochemistry. Our results at mRNA level indicated that HSP27 was highly expressed in middle white follicles whereas MSK1 was predominantly expressed in small white follicles. The western blotting results for HSP27 and MSK1 were inconsistent with the RT-qPCR results in various stages of prehierachical follicular development but noticeably, HSP27 proteins were still expressed more in middle white follicles while MSK1 proteins were more abundant in primary follicles. At different stages of prehierarchical development, immunodetections in the granulosa and theca cells revealed that HSP27 was intensively localized in middle white follicles while strong detections of MSK1 were observed in large white follicles. These results indicate HSP27 and MSK1 might be associated to the key regulators of folliculogenesis in geese.
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18
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Karki A, Giddings E, Carreras A, Champagne D, Fortner K, Rincon M, Wu J. Sonoporation as an Approach for siRNA delivery into T cells. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:3222-3231. [PMID: 31540758 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.06.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Delivery of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) into primary T cells is quite challenging because they are non-proliferating cells and are difficult to transfect with non-viral approaches. Because sonoporation is independent of the proliferation status of cells and siRNA acts in the cell cytoplasm, we investigated whether sonoporation could be used to deliver siRNA into mouse and human T cells. Cells mixed with Definity microbubbles and siRNA were sonicated with a non-focused transducer of center frequency 2.20 MHz producing ultrasound at a 10% duty cycle, pulse repetition frequency of 2.20 kHz and spatial average temporal average ultrasound intensity of 1.29 W/cm2 for 5 s and then examined for siRNA fluorescence by flow cytometry analysis. These sonoporation conditions resulted in high-efficiency transfection of siRNA in mouse and human T cells. Further, the efficacy of siRNA delivery by sonoporation was illustrated by the successful visualization of decreased methylation-controlled J protein expression in mouse and human CD8 T cells via Western blot analysis. The results provide the first evidence that sonoporation is a novel approach to delivery of siRNA into fresh isolated mouse and human T cells in vitro, and might be used for in vivo studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Karki
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Emily Giddings
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Ana Carreras
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Devin Champagne
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Karen Fortner
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Mercedes Rincon
- Division of Immunobiology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Junru Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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19
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Pulmonary Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Emphysema and Acute Lung Injury. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY EMBRYOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY 2019; 228:63-86. [PMID: 29288386 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-68483-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis plays an essential role in homeostasis and pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases. Endothelial cells are exposed to various environmental and internal stress and endothelial apoptosis is a pathophysiological consequence of these stimuli. Pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis initiates or contributes to progression of a number of lung diseases. This chapter will focus on the current understanding of the role of pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis in the development of emphysema and acute lung injury (ALI) and the factors controlling pulmonary endothelial life and death.
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20
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Zhang M, Xia H, Yu M, Zhu L, Ju L, Chen J, Zhao J, Xiao Y, Chen K. N-acetylcysteine prevents cytotoxic effects induced by man-made mineral fibers in a human bronchial epithelial cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:200-207. [PMID: 30145358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Man-made mineral fibres (MMMFs) such as glass wool (GW), rock wool (RW) and refractory ceramic fibres (RCFs) are widely used as substitutes of asbestos. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects on human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed to GW1, RW1 and RCF2, considering their properties similar to that of asbestos. We assessed cell viability; cell morphological changes; apoptotic rate; DNA damage; reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; activities of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9; and expression levels of FasL, phosphorylated p38, and total p38 MAPK proteins. N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) was used as an ROS scavenger. We observed that MMMFs, especially RCF2, evidently changed cellular morphology, promoted DNA damage, and induced apoptosis. In addition, the cytotoxicities of MMMFs were dependent on ROS generation, and NAC could decrease their toxicity. Furthermore, our results showed that apoptosis induced by MMMFs was mediated by the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and Fas death receptor pathway. Moreover, the p38 MAPK signalling pathway was also involved in the cytotoxicities of MMMFs. NAC exerts a protective effect against apoptosis and DNA damage induced by GW1, RW1 and RCF2. This study provides important implications for understanding the potential toxic effects of GW1, RW1 and RCF2 exposure; it also indicates that NAC may prevent respiratory diseases induced by exposure to MMMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310007, China; Institute of Occupational Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - HaiLing Xia
- Institute of Occupational Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Min Yu
- Institute of Occupational Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - LiJin Zhu
- Institute of Occupational Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - Li Ju
- Institute of Occupational Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - JunQiang Chen
- Institute of Occupational Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - JiaJun Zhao
- Hangzhou Hospital for the Prevention and Treatment of Occupational Diseases, Hangzhou 310005, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Institute of Occupational Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310007, China.
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21
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Salmerón ML, Quintana-Aguiar J, De La Rosa JV, López-Blanco F, Castrillo A, Gallardo G, Tabraue C. Phenalenone-photodynamic therapy induces apoptosis on human tumor cells mediated by caspase-8 and p38-MAPK activation. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1525-1539. [PMID: 30035337 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a rising and hopeful treatment for solid tumors and others malignancies. PDT uses harmless visible light to activate a tumor-associated photosensitizer (PS). The excited PS generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induce damage and death of tumor cells. It is known that certain phytoalexins and phytoanticipins derived from plants often display a PS-like activity due to a phenalenone (PN) moiety-an efficient singlet oxygen photosensitizer-in its skeleton. The aim of this study is to explore the phototoxic properties of PN on the human cell line tumor-derived HL60 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) and to identify the cell-specific targets of ROS involved in the tumor cell death. Our results reveal that PN acts as an excellent PS, showing a potent antitumor cell activity in presence of light. PN-PDT generates intracellular ROS, via oxidation reaction mechanisms type I and II, resulting in an induction of apoptosis. Moreover, both extrinsic (through direct activation of caspase-3) and intrinsic (through mitochondrial depolarization) pathways of apoptosis are induced by PN-PDT. Using pharmacologic inhibitors, we also find that PN-PDT activates caspase-8/tBid and p38-MAPK, triggering the activation of the apoptotic pathways. Although, survival pathways are also promoted through PI3 K/Akt and JNK activation, the net result of PN-PDT is the tumor cell death. The present work identifies to PN, for the first time, as a potent photosensitizer in human tumor cell lines and proposes a mechanism by which ROS induces apoptosis of tumor cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- María L Salmerón
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - José Quintana-Aguiar
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Fisiología, Genética e Inmunología. Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Juan V De La Rosa
- Unidad de Biomedicina Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Félix López-Blanco
- Unidad de Biomedicina Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Antonio Castrillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Germán Gallardo
- Unidad de Biomedicina Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Carlos Tabraue
- Unidad de Biomedicina Asociada al Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias (IUIBS), Grupo de Investigación Medio Ambiente y Salud (GIMAS), Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.,Departamento de Morfología, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
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22
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Zhu X, Shen X, Qu J, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Multi-Scale Network Model Supported by Proteomics for Analysis of Combined Gemcitabine and Birinapant Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 7:549-561. [PMID: 30084546 PMCID: PMC6157671 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine combined with birinapant, an inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist, acts synergistically to reduce pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. A large‐scale proteomics dataset provided rich time‐series data on proteome‐level changes that reflect the underlying biological system and mechanisms of action of these drugs. A multiscale network model was developed to link the signaling pathways of cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, DNA repair, apoptosis, nuclear factor‐kappa β (NF‐κβ), and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐p38 to cell cycle progression, proliferation, and death. After validating the network model under different conditions, the Sobol Sensitivity Analysis was applied to identify promising targets to enhance gemcitabine efficacy. The effects of p53 silencing and combining curcumin with gemcitabine were also tested with the developed model. Merging proteomics analysis with systems modeling facilitates the characterization of quantitative relations among relevant signaling pathways in drug action and resistance, and such multiscale network models could be applied for prediction of combination efficacy and target selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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23
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The natural phenolic peperobtusin A induces apoptosis of lymphoma U937 cells via the Caspase dependent and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 102:772-781. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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24
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Abstract
Mycotoxins are the most common contaminants of food and feed worldwide and are considered an important risk factor for human and animal health. Oxidative stress occurs in cells when the concentration of reactive oxygen species exceeds the cell’s antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress causes DNA damage, enhances lipid peroxidation, protein damage and cell death. This review addresses the toxicity of the major mycotoxins, especially aflatoxin B1, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, T-2 toxin, fumonisin B1, ochratoxin, patulin and zearalenone, in relation to oxidative stress. It summarises the data associated with oxidative stress as a plausible mechanism for mycotoxin-induced toxicity. Given the contamination caused by mycotoxins worldwide, the protective effects of a variety of natural compounds due to their antioxidant capacities have been evaluated. We review data on the ability of vitamins, flavonoids, crocin, curcumin, green tea, lycopene, phytic acid, L-carnitine, melatonin, minerals and mixtures of anti-oxidants to mitigate the toxic effect of mycotoxins associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.O. da Silva
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - A.P.F.L. Bracarense
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Campus Universitário, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Km 380, Londrina, Paraná 86051-990, Brazil
| | - I.P. Oswald
- Université de Toulouse, Toxalim, Research Center in Food Toxicology, INRA, UMR 1331 ENVT, INP-PURPAN, 31076 Toulouse, France
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25
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Zhu X, Shen X, Qu J, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Proteomic Analysis of Combined Gemcitabine and Birinapant in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29520231 PMCID: PMC5827530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is characterized by mutated signaling pathways and a high incidence of drug resistance. Comprehensive, large-scale proteomic analysis can provide a system-wide view of signaling networks, assist in understanding drug mechanisms of action and interactions, and serve as a useful tool for pancreatic cancer research. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was applied to characterize the combination of gemcitabine and birinapant in pancreatic cancer cells, which was shown previously to be synergistic. A total of 4069 drug-responsive proteins were identified and quantified in a time-series proteome analysis. This rich dataset provides broad views and accurate quantification of signaling pathways. Pathways relating to DNA damage response regulations, DNA repair, anti-apoptosis, pro-migration/invasion were implicated as underlying mechanisms for gemcitabine resistance and for the beneficial effects of the drug combination. Promising drug targets were identified for future investigation. This study also provides a database for systems mathematical modeling to relate drug effects and interactions in various signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
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26
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Arginase II inhibition prevents interleukin-8 production through regulation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation activated by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in nLDL-stimulated hAoSMCs. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e438. [PMID: 29391541 PMCID: PMC5903817 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginase inhibition exhibits beneficial effects in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMCs), native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) induced the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) that is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we examined the effect of arginase inhibition on IL-8 production and the underlying mechanism. In hAoSMCs, reverse transcription–PCR, western blotting and immunocytochemistry with MitoTracker confirmed that arginase II was confined predominantly to mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester. The MMP decreased upon nLDL stimulation but was restored upon arginase inhibition. MMP loss caused by nLDL was prevented by treatment with the intracellular Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM. In mitochondrial Ca2+ measurements using Rhod-2 AM, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels by nLDL were inhibited upon preincubation with an arginase inhibitor. Among the polyamines, spermine, an arginase activity-dependent product, caused mitochondrial Ca2+ movement. The nLDL-induced MMP change resulted in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and IL-8 production and was prevented by the arginase inhibitors BAPTA and ruthenium 360. In isolated AoSMCs from ApoE−/− mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, arginase activity, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, spermine and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) production were increased compared with wild-type (WT) mice. However, in AoSMCs isolated from arginase II-null mice, increases in MMP and decreases in mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were noted compared with WT and were associated with p38 MAPK activation and IL-8 production. These data suggest that arginase activity regulates the change in MMP through Ca2+ uptake that is essential for p38 MAPK phosphorylation and IL-8 production.
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27
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CoQ 0-induced mitochondrial PTP opening triggers apoptosis via ROS-mediated VDAC1 upregulation in HL-60 leukemia cells and suppresses tumor growth in athymic nude mice/xenografted nude mice. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:301-322. [PMID: 28918503 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) analogs with variable numbers of isoprenoid units have been demonstrated as anticancer and antioxidant/pro-oxidant molecules. This study examined the in vitro and in vivo antitumor and apoptosis activities of CoQ0 (2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, zero isoprenoid side-chains) through upregulation of the Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) signaling pathway on human promyelocytic leukemia. CoQ0 (0-40 μg/mL) treatment significantly reduced HL-60 cell viability, and up-regulated mitochondrial VDAC1 expression. CoQ0 treatment triggers intracellular ROS generation, calcium release, ΔΨm collapse and PTP opening in HL-60 cells. CoQ0 treatment induced apoptosis, which was associated with DNA fragmentation, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 and PARP activation, and Bax/Bcl-2 dysregulation. Annexin V-PI staining indicated that CoQ0 promotes late apoptosis. Furthermore, the blockade of CoQ0-induced ROS production by antioxidant NAC pretreatment substantially attenuated CoQ0-induced apoptosis. The activation of p-GSK3β expression, cyclophilin D inhibition, and p53 activation through ROS are involved in CoQ0-induced HL-60 apoptotic cell death. Notably, ROS-independent p38 activation is involved in CoQ0-mediated apoptosis in HL-60 cells. In addition, the silencing of VDAC1 also prevented CoQ0-induced mitochondrial translocation of Bax, activation of caspase-3, and reduction in Bcl-2. Intriguingly, VDAC1 silencing did not prevent ROS production induced by CoQ0, which in turn indicates that CoQ0 induced ROS-mediated VDAC1 and then mitochondrial apoptosis in HL-60 cells. In vivo results revealed that CoQ0 is effective in delaying tumor incidence and reducing the tumor burden in HL-60-xenografted nude mice. Taken together, CoQ0 could be a promising anticancer agent for the treatment of human promyelocytic leukemia through upregulation of VDAC1 signaling pathways.
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28
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Smith T, Lin X, Mello M, Marquardt K, Cheung J, Lu B, Sherman LA, Verdeil G. Peripheral Deletion of CD8 T Cells Requires p38 MAPK in Cross-Presenting Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:2713-2720. [PMID: 28864471 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral tolerance mechanisms exist to prevent autoimmune destruction by self-reactive T cells that escape thymic deletion. Dominant tolerance imposed by CD4+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells can actively control autoaggressive T cell responses. Tolerance mechanisms that act endogenous to the T cell also exist. These mechanisms include T cell inactivation (anergy) and deletion. A major difference between anergic T cells and T cells undergoing peripheral deletion is the capacity of the latter to still signal through MAPKs upon TCR stimulation, suggesting these signals may be required for T deletion. In this study, we used several different models of CD8 T cell deletion to investigate the contribution of MAPK activation. Using chemical inhibitors, we established that inhibition of p38, but not ERK or JNK, rescue T cells from undergoing peripheral deletion both in vitro and in vivo. Using T cell-specific murine lines genetically altered in expression of p38α, and mice in which p38α was deleted only in CD11c-expressing cells, we surprisingly found that CD8 T cell-intrinsic p38α activation was not responsible for increased survival, but rather that inhibition of p38α in the Ag-presenting dendritic cells prevented CD8 T cell deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Smith
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Xiaotian Lin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Marielle Mello
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Kristi Marquardt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Jocelyn Cheung
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Binfeng Lu
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261; and
| | - Linda A Sherman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Grégory Verdeil
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; .,Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, INSERM, 13009 Marseille, France.,Department of Fundamental Oncology, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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29
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Saquib Q, Attia SM, Ansari SM, Al-Salim A, Faisal M, Alatar AA, Musarrat J, Zhang X, Al-Khedhairy AA. p53, MAPKAPK-2 and caspases regulate nickel oxide nanoparticles induce cell death and cytogenetic anomalies in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 105:228-237. [PMID: 28690165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The unique properties of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-NPs) distinguish it from traditional nickel containing materials, and enable its industrial application as an advanced nanomaterial. Despite the benefits, the in vivo toxicological studies on NiO-NPs have been mainly focused on its pulmonary pathology. However, NiO-NPs exposure via oral route and its subsequent toxic effects in exposed animals are still lacking. Hence, we evaluated the NiO-NPs oral toxicity in male Wistar rats. NiO-NPs induced significant increase in chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN) formation and, DNA damage in rats. Flow cytometric analysis showed apoptosis, ROS generation and dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Imbalance of antioxidant enzymes, along with histological alterations was found in liver. Taking together, these results unequivocally suggested that NiO-NPs induced toxicity was through cyto-genetic alterations, oxidative stress, apoptosis and liver toxicity. The western blotting data validated the interplay of p53 and MAPKAPK-2 signalling via activation of caspases 8, 3, cyto c, pro-apoptotic bax and anti-apoptotic bcl-2 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quaiser Saquib
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; A.R. Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha M Ansari
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Al-Salim
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Alatar
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- School of Biosciences and Biodiversity, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control & Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Abdulaziz A Al-Khedhairy
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Robins R, Baldwin C, Aoudjit L, Côté JF, Gupta IR, Takano T. Rac1 activation in podocytes induces the spectrum of nephrotic syndrome. Kidney Int 2017; 92:349-364. [PMID: 28483380 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hyper-activation of Rac1, a small GTPase, in glomerular podocytes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of familial proteinuric kidney diseases. However, the role of Rac1 in acquired nephrotic syndrome is unknown. To gain direct insights into this, we generated a transgenic mouse model expressing a doxycycline-inducible constitutively active form of Rac1 (CA-Rac1) in podocytes. Regardless of the copy number, proteinuria occurred rapidly within five days, and the histology resembled minimal change disease. The degree and severity of proteinuria were dependent on the transgene copy number. Upon doxycycline withdrawal, proteinuria resolved completely (one copy) or nearly completely (two copy). After one month of doxycycline treatment, two-copy mice developed glomerulosclerosis that resembled focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with urinary shedding of transgene-expressing podocytes. p38 MAPK was activated in podocytes upon CA-Rac1 induction while a p38 inhibitor attenuated proteinuria, podocyte loss, and glomerulosclerosis. Mechanistically, activation of Rac1 in cultured mouse podocytes reduced adhesiveness to laminin and induced redistribution of β1 integrin, and both were partially reversed by the p38 inhibitor. Activation of Rac1 in podocytes was also seen in kidney biopsies from patients with minimal change disease and idiopathic FSGS by immunofluorescence while sera from the same patients activated Rac1 in cultured human podocytes. Thus, activation of Rac1 in podocytes causes a spectrum of disease ranging from minimal change disease to FSGS, due to podocyte detachment from the glomerular basement membrane that is partially dependent on p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Robins
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Baldwin
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lamine Aoudjit
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Department of Medicine (Program of Molecular Biology), Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Indra R Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tomoko Takano
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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31
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Lee D, Lee DS, Jung K, Hwang GS, Lee HL, Yamabe N, Lee HJ, Eom DW, Kim KH, Kang KS. Protective effect of ginsenoside Rb1 against tacrolimus-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:75-80. [PMID: 29348725 PMCID: PMC5766699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of six ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Rg1, and Rg3) isolated from Panax ginseng against tacrolimus (FK506)-induced apoptosis in renal proximal tubular LLC-PK1 cells. Methods LLC-PK1 cells were treated with FK506 and ginsenosides, and cell viability was measured. Protein expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinases, caspase-3, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were evaluated by Western blotting analyses. The number of apoptotic cells was measured using an image-based cytometric assay. Results Reduction in cell viability by 60μM FK506 was ameliorated significantly by cotreatment with ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1. The phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinases, and KIM-1, and cleavage of caspase-3, increased markedly in LLC-PK1 cells treated with FK506 and significantly decreased after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1. The number of apoptotic cells decreased by 6.0% after cotreatment with ginsenoside Rb1 (10μM and 50μM). Conclusion The antiapoptotic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on FK506-induced apoptosis were mediated by the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Lee
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwi Seo Hwang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Lim Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Jeong Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Woon Eom
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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Hwang CJ, Kim YE, Son DJ, Park MH, Choi DY, Park PH, Hellström M, Han SB, Oh KW, Park EK, Hong JT. Parkin deficiency exacerbate ethanol-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration by P38 pathway dependent inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2016; 11:456-468. [PMID: 28086194 PMCID: PMC5226672 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Parkin (which encoded by Park2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is the most frequently mutated gene that has casually been linked to autosomal recessive early onset familial PD. We tested the effect of Park2 on ethanol-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Park2 knockout (KO) transgenic mice after chronic ethanol feeding. Male Park2 wild type (WT) and KO mice (8 weeks old) were fed on a Lieber-DeCarli diet containing 6.6% ethanol for 2 weeks, and compared their responses. We found that knockout of Park2 exacerbates ethanol-induced behavioral impairment as well as dopamine depletion. In the mechanism study, we found that knockout of Park2 increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitophagy formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, but decreased expression of pro-autophagic proteins. Knockout of Park2 also increased ethanol-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, ROS production, mitophagy formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and expression of pro-apoptotic proteins were increased, but expression of pro-autophagic proteins were decreased by a treatment of ethanol (100 μM) in Park2 siRNA-transfacted PC12 cells (5 μM). Moreover, the exacerbating effects of Park2 deletion on ethanol-induced ROS generation, mitophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction as well as cell death were reduced by p38 specific inhibitor (SB203580) in in vitro (10 μM) and in vivo 10 mg/kg). Park2 deficiency exacerbates ethanol-induced dopaminergic neuron damage through p38 kinase dependent inhibition of autophagy and mitochondrial function. EtOH consumption can induce the ROS formation through activation of p38 MAPK. ROS can cause the neurodegeneration through inhibition of the autophagy system. Park2 knock down amplifies EtOH-induced decrement of autophagy. Park2 knock down amplifies EtOH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Park2 has a neuroprotective effect against ROS mediated damage of neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ju Hwang
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ju Son
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Park
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Young Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280, Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mats Hellström
- Laboratory for Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 64 Daeheung-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34943, Rep. of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 194-31, Osongsangmyeong1-ro, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-951, Republic of Korea.
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B7-H1 antibodies lose antitumor activity due to activation of p38 MAPK that leads to apoptosis of tumor-reactive CD8 + T cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36722. [PMID: 27824138 PMCID: PMC5099859 DOI: 10.1038/srep36722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B7-H1 (aka PD-L1) blocking antibodies have been used in treatment of human cancers through blocking B7-H1 expressed by tumor cells; however, their impact on B7-H1 expressing tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells is still unknown. Here, we report that tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells expressing B7-H1 are functional effector cells. In contrast to normal B7-H1 blocking antibody, B7-H1 antibodies capable of activating p38 MAPK lose their antitumor activity by deleting B7-H1+ tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells via p38 MAPK pathway. B7-H1 deficiency or engagement with certain antibody results in more activation of p38 MAPK that leads to T cell apoptosis. DNA-PKcs is a new intracellular partner of B7-H1 in the cytoplasm of activated CD8+ T cells. B7-H1 suppresses p38 MAPK activation by sequestering DNA-PKcs in order to preserve T cell survival. Our findings provide a new mechanism of action of B7-H1 in T cells and have clinical implications in cancer immunotherapy when anti-B7-H1 (PD-L1) antibody is applied.
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Saha A, O'Connor RS, Thangavelu G, Lovitch SB, Dandamudi DB, Wilson CB, Vincent BG, Tkachev V, Pawlicki JM, Furlan SN, Kean LS, Aoyama K, Taylor PA, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Foncea R, Ranganathan P, Devine SM, Burrill JS, Guo L, Sacristan C, Snyder NW, Blair IA, Milone MC, Dustin ML, Riley JL, Bernlohr DA, Murphy WJ, Fife BT, Munn DH, Miller JS, Serody JS, Freeman GJ, Sharpe AH, Turka LA, Blazar BR. Programmed death ligand-1 expression on donor T cells drives graft-versus-host disease lethality. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2642-60. [PMID: 27294527 DOI: 10.1172/jci85796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) interaction with PD-1 induces T cell exhaustion and is a therapeutic target to enhance immune responses against cancer and chronic infections. In murine bone marrow transplant models, PD-L1 expression on host target tissues reduces the incidence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). PD-L1 is also expressed on T cells; however, it is unclear whether PD-L1 on this population influences immune function. Here, we examined the effects of PD-L1 modulation of T cell function in GVHD. In patients with severe GVHD, PD-L1 expression was increased on donor T cells. Compared with mice that received WT T cells, GVHD was reduced in animals that received T cells from Pdl1-/- donors. PD-L1-deficient T cells had reduced expression of gut homing receptors, diminished production of inflammatory cytokines, and enhanced rates of apoptosis. Moreover, multiple bioenergetic pathways, including aerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid metabolism, were also reduced in T cells lacking PD-L1. Finally, the reduction of acute GVHD lethality in mice that received Pdl1-/- donor cells did not affect graft-versus-leukemia responses. These data demonstrate that PD-L1 selectively enhances T cell-mediated immune responses, suggesting a context-dependent function of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, and suggest selective inhibition of PD-L1 on donor T cells as a potential strategy to prevent or ameliorate GVHD.
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Champagne DP, Hatle KM, Fortner KA, D'Alessandro A, Thornton TM, Yang R, Torralba D, Tomás-Cortázar J, Jun YW, Ahn KH, Hansen KC, Haynes L, Anguita J, Rincon M. Fine-Tuning of CD8(+) T Cell Mitochondrial Metabolism by the Respiratory Chain Repressor MCJ Dictates Protection to Influenza Virus. Immunity 2016; 44:1299-311. [PMID: 27234056 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial respiration is regulated in CD8(+) T cells during the transition from naive to effector and memory cells, but mechanisms controlling this process have not been defined. Here we show that MCJ (methylation-controlled J protein) acted as an endogenous break for mitochondrial respiration in CD8(+) T cells by interfering with the formation of electron transport chain respiratory supercomplexes. Metabolic profiling revealed enhanced mitochondrial metabolism in MCJ-deficient CD8(+) T cells. Increased oxidative phosphorylation and subcellular ATP accumulation caused by MCJ deficiency selectively increased the secretion, but not expression, of interferon-γ. MCJ also adapted effector CD8(+) T cell metabolism during the contraction phase. Consequently, memory CD8(+) T cells lacking MCJ provided superior protection against influenza virus infection. Thus, MCJ offers a mechanism for fine-tuning CD8(+) T cell mitochondrial metabolism as an alternative to modulating mitochondrial mass, an energetically expensive process. MCJ could be a therapeutic target to enhance CD8(+) T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin P Champagne
- Program in Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 USA
| | - Ketki M Hatle
- Program in Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 USA
| | - Karen A Fortner
- Program in Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tina M Thornton
- Program in Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 USA
| | - Rui Yang
- Program in Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 USA
| | - Daniel Torralba
- Program in Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 USA
| | - Julen Tomás-Cortázar
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Yong Woong Jun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784 Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyo Han Ahn
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Electro-Photo Behaviors in Advanced Molecular Systems, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Nam-Gu, Pohang, 790-784 Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Laura Haynes
- Center on Aging and Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030 USA
| | - Juan Anguita
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Derio 48160 Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rincon
- Program in Immunobiology, Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, 05405 USA.
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Lim SC, Parajuli KR, Han SI. The alkyllysophospholipid edelfosine enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through death receptor 5 and the mitochondrial pathway. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:6205-16. [PMID: 26615420 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ether phospholipid edelfosine is the prototype of a group of synthetic antitumor alkyllysophospholipid (ALP) compounds that exert pro-apoptotic effects in various types of cancer cells through cell type-dependent mechanisms. In this study, we examined the antitumor effect of edelfosine in human gastric cancer cells. Edelfosine decreased cell viability and induced autophagic death at a moderate concentration (~30 μM), whereas it induced apoptotic cell death at concentrations over 30 μM. Interestingly, low concentrations of edelfosine (5-10 μM) effectively enhanced recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL/TNFSF10)-induced apoptosis and clonogenicity in gastric cancer cells, including TRAIL-resistant AGS cells. Edelfosine upregulated the protein level of death receptor 5 (DR5/TNFRSF10B) and/or increased DR5 upregulation in lipid rafts. In addition, edelfosine-mediated rhTRAIL sensitization was regulated by the DR5 pathway. Edelfosine also activated p38MAPK (MAPK14), and edelfosine-mediated rhTRAIL sensitization was partially regulated by a p38-mediated decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. This study suggests a novel therapeutic strategy targeting gastric cancer cells by using the combination of edelfosine and TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea
| | - Keshab Raj Parajuli
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea.
- Division of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea.
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37
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Lin CH, Hong YC, Kao SH. Aeroallergen Der p 2 induces apoptosis of bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells via activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway. Cell Biosci 2015; 5:71. [PMID: 26697166 PMCID: PMC4687151 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-015-0063-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive apoptosis of airway epithelium is reported to induce airway remodeling and inhibited airway epithelium repair is highly associated with development of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Der p 2 is a major allergen derived from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and commonly causes airway hypersensitiveness and asthma; however, the connection between Der p 2 and epithelial apoptosis remains unclear. This study was aimed to explore whether Der p 2 induces apoptosis of airway epithelial cells and the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our results showed that recombinant Der p 2 (rDP2) inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cell BEAS-2B. Further investigation revealed that rDP2 increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, level of cytosolic cytochrome c and cleavage of caspase-9 and caspase-3. rDP2 also induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and triggered proapoptotic signals including decrease of Bcl-2, increase of Bax and Bak, and upregulation of Fas and Fas ligand. In parallel, rDP2 inhibited glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and consequently enhanced degradation of cellular (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP). Involvement of toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in rDP2-induced apoptosis was also demonstrated using specific small inhibitory RNA. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that rDP2 suppresses cell growth and trigger apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells, which may attribute to induction of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathway via TLR2 and P38/JNK signaling and c-FLIP degradation. It suggests that Der p 2 may aggravate respiratory disorders through enhancement of apoptosis and the consequent airway injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiang Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Hong
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan
| | - Shao-Hsuan Kao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Road, Taichung, 402 Taiwan ; Clinical Laboratory, Chung-Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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38
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Teixeira V, Costa V. Unraveling the role of the Target of Rapamycin signaling in sphingolipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 61:109-33. [PMID: 26703187 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are important bioactive molecules that regulate basic aspects of cellular metabolism and physiology, including cell growth, adhesion, migration, senescence, apoptosis, endocytosis, and autophagy in yeast and higher eukaryotes. Since they have the ability to modulate the activation of several proteins and signaling pathways, variations in the relative levels of different sphingolipid species result in important changes in overall cellular functions and fate. Sphingolipid metabolism and their route of synthesis are highly conserved from yeast to mammalian cells. Studies using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have served in many ways to foster our understanding of sphingolipid dynamics and their role in the regulation of cellular processes. In the past decade, studies in S. cerevisiae have unraveled a functional association between the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway and sphingolipids, showing that both TOR Complex 1 (TORC1) and TOR Complex 2 (TORC2) branches control temporal and spatial aspects of sphingolipid metabolism in response to physiological and environmental cues. In this review, we report recent findings in this emerging and exciting link between the TOR pathway and sphingolipids and implications in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Teixeira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vítor Costa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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39
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Lim SC, Parajuli KR, Han SI. The alkyllysophospholipid edelfosine enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in gastric cancer cells through death receptor 5 and the mitochondrial pathway. Tumour Biol 2015. [PMID: 26615420 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4485-9.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ether phospholipid edelfosine is the prototype of a group of synthetic antitumor alkyllysophospholipid (ALP) compounds that exert pro-apoptotic effects in various types of cancer cells through cell type-dependent mechanisms. In this study, we examined the antitumor effect of edelfosine in human gastric cancer cells. Edelfosine decreased cell viability and induced autophagic death at a moderate concentration (~30 μM), whereas it induced apoptotic cell death at concentrations over 30 μM. Interestingly, low concentrations of edelfosine (5-10 μM) effectively enhanced recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL/TNFSF10)-induced apoptosis and clonogenicity in gastric cancer cells, including TRAIL-resistant AGS cells. Edelfosine upregulated the protein level of death receptor 5 (DR5/TNFRSF10B) and/or increased DR5 upregulation in lipid rafts. In addition, edelfosine-mediated rhTRAIL sensitization was regulated by the DR5 pathway. Edelfosine also activated p38MAPK (MAPK14), and edelfosine-mediated rhTRAIL sensitization was partially regulated by a p38-mediated decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. This study suggests a novel therapeutic strategy targeting gastric cancer cells by using the combination of edelfosine and TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea.,Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea
| | - Keshab Raj Parajuli
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea. .,Division of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61501, Korea.
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40
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Orazizadeh M, Daneshi E, Hashemitmar M, Absalan F, Khorsandi L. Protective effect of beta-carotene against titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced apoptosis in mouse testicular tissue. Andrologia 2014; 47:816-25. [PMID: 25278478 DOI: 10.1111/and.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of beta-carotene (BC) on testicular germ cell apoptosis arising from titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NTiO2 ) have been evaluated. In NTiO2 -treated mice, expression of apoptotic related genes including Bid, FasL, caspase-3 and p38MAPK was significantly increased. Measurement apoptosis using TUNEL method showed significant increase in apoptotic index of germ cells in NTiO2 -treated mice (P < 0.05). TUNEL assessments showed that the increase of apoptotic index of testicular germ cells in NTiO2 -treated mice was reversed by BC. Beta-carotene pre-treatment could also effectively attenuate the expression of apoptotic related genes. The application of BC may serve as a beneficial medication to protect germ cells against apoptosis induced by nanoparticles and be helpful for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Orazizadeh
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - E Daneshi
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - M Hashemitmar
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - F Absalan
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - L Khorsandi
- Cell & Molecular Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Anatomical Sciences Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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41
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Piwil2 inhibits keratin 8 degradation through promoting p38-induced phosphorylation to resist Fas-mediated apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3928-38. [PMID: 25113562 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00745-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The piwi-like 2 (piwil2) gene is widely expressed in tumors and protects cells from apoptosis induced by a variety of stress stimuli. However, the role of Piwil2 in Fas-mediated apoptosis remains unknown. Here, we present evidence that Piwil2 inhibits Fas-mediated apoptosis. By a bacterial two-hybrid screening, we identify a new Piwil2-interacting partner, keratin 8 (K8), a major intermediate filament protein protecting the cell from Fas-mediated apoptosis. Our results show that Piwil2 binds to K8 and p38 through its PIWI domain and forms a Piwil2/K8/P38 triple protein-protein complex. Thus, Piwil2 increases the phosphorylation level of K8 Ser-73 and then inhibits ubiquitin-mediated degradation of K8. As a result, the knockdown of Piwil2 increases the Fas protein level at the membrane. In addition to our previous finding that Piwil2 inhibits the expression of p53 through the Src/STAT3 pathway, here we demonstrate that Piwil2 represses p53 phosphorylation through p38. Our present study indicates that Piwil2 plays a role in Fas-mediated apoptosis for the first time and also can affect p53 phosphorylation in tumor cells, revealing a novel mechanism of Piwil2 in apoptosis, and supports that Piwil2 plays an active role in tumorigenesis.
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42
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has been implicated in a wide range of complex biologic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, cell migration, and invasion. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK levels in patients are associated with advanced stages and short survival in cancer patients (e.g., prostate, breast, bladder, liver, and lung cancer). p38 MAPK plays a dual role as a regulator of cell death, and it can either mediate cell survival or cell death depending not only on the type of stimulus but also in a cell type specific manner. In addition to modulating cell survival, an essential role of p38 MAPK in modulation of cell migration and invasion offers a distinct opportunity to target this pathway with respect to tumor metastasis. The specific function of p38 MAPK appears to depend not only on the cell type but also on the stimuli and/or the isoform that is activated. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated in response to diverse stimuli and mediates its function by components downstream of p38. Extrapolation of the knowledge gained from laboratory findings is essential to address the clinical significance of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent progress made in defining the functions of p38 MAPK pathways with respect to solid tumor biology and generate testable hypothesis with respect to the role of p38 MAPK as an attractive target for intervention of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mantu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Chirullo B, Sgarbanti R, Limongi D, Shytaj IL, Alvarez D, Das B, Boe A, DaFonseca S, Chomont N, Liotta L, Petricoin EI, Norelli S, Pelosi E, Garaci E, Savarino A, Palamara AT. A candidate anti-HIV reservoir compound, auranofin, exerts a selective 'anti-memory' effect by exploiting the baseline oxidative status of lymphocytes. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e944. [PMID: 24309931 PMCID: PMC3877546 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Central memory (TCM) and transitional memory (TTM) CD4+ T cells are known to be the major cellular reservoirs for HIV, as these cells can harbor a transcriptionally silent form of viral DNA that is not targeted by either the immune system or current antiretroviral drug regimens. In the present study, we explored the molecular bases of the anti-HIV reservoir effects of auranofin (AF), a pro-oxidant gold-based drug and a candidate compound for a cure of AIDS. We here show that TCM and TTM lymphocytes have lower baseline antioxidant defenses as compared with their naive counterpart. These differences are mirrored by the effects exerted by AF on T-lymphocytes: AF was able to exert a pro-differentiating and pro-apoptotic effect, which was more pronounced in the memory subsets. AF induced an early activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) followed by mitochondrial depolarization and a final burst in intracellular peroxides. The pro-differentiating effect was characterized by a downregulation of the CD27 marker expression. Interestingly, AF-induced apoptosis was inhibited by pyruvate, a well-known peroxide scavenger, but pyruvate did not inhibit the pro-differentiating effect of AF, indicating that the pro-apoptotic and pro-differentiating effects involve different pathways. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that AF selectively targets the TCM/TTM lymphocyte subsets, which encompass the HIV reservoir, by affecting redox-sensitive cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chirullo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Rome, Italy
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Glycyrrhizin represses total parenteral nutrition-associated acute liver injury in rats by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:12563-80. [PMID: 23771023 PMCID: PMC3709800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140612563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is an artificial way to support daily nutritional requirements by bypassing the digestive system, but long-term TPN administration may cause severe liver dysfunction. Glycyrrhizin is an active component of licorice root that has been widely used to treat chronic hepatitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of glycyrrhizin on TPN-associated acute liver injury in vivo. Liver dysfunction was induced by intravenous infusion of TPN at a flow rate of 20 mL/kg/h for three h in Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were pretreated with Glycyrrhizin (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg intravenously). After receiving TPN or saline (control group) for three h, the rats were sacrificed, blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses and liver tissue was removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical examination. We found that aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB) and triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly increased in the TPN group without glycyrrhizin pretreatment and decreased in the glycyrrhizin-pretreated TPN group in a dose-dependent manner. The stained liver sections showed that glycyrrhizin relieved acute liver injury. The upregulation of serum protein biomarkers of reactive nitrogen species, including nitrotyrosine and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), were attenuated by glycyrrhizin pretreatment. Levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress factors, such as phosphorylation of JNK1/2, p38 MAPK and CHOP, were decreased by glycyrrhizin pretreatment. In summary, our results suggest that glycyrrhizin decreases TPN-associated acute liver injury factors by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive nitrogen stress.
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Wang WZ, Li L, Liu MY, Jin XB, Mao JW, Pu QH, Meng MJ, Chen XG, Zhu JY. Curcumin induces FasL-related apoptosis through p38 activation in human hepatocellular carcinoma Huh7 cells. Life Sci 2013; 92:352-8. [PMID: 23352975 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study is to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of curcumin-induced apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Huh7 cells. MAIN METHODS Fas and FasL mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR. Western blot was applied to detect the protein expression of Bcl-2 family members, MAPK family members, c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, caspase-3, PARP, TNF receptor family members and the respective ligands. Apoptotic cells were assayed with annexin V/PI double staining and flow cytometry. KEY FINDINGS Curcumin treatment resulted in a fast and significant increase of Fas and Fas ligand (FasL) along with activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP in Huh7 cells. Inhibition of caspase-3 activity by the specific inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK rescued Huh7 cells from curcumin-induced apoptosis. Neutralization of FasL significantly protected the cells from curcumin-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, p38 was rapidly activated in response to curcumin, and inactivation of p38 by pharmacologic inhibitor SB203580 dramatically suppressed curcumin-induced FasL expression and apoptosis. SIGNIFICANCE Our results demonstrated that curcumin induces apoptosis through p38-denpendent up-regulation of FasL in Huh7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhang Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Lu Q, Sakhatskyy P, Newton J, Shamirian P, Hsiao V, Curren S, Gabino Miranda GA, Pedroza M, Blackburn MR, Rounds S. Sustained adenosine exposure causes lung endothelial apoptosis: a possible contributor to cigarette smoke-induced endothelial apoptosis and lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L361-70. [PMID: 23316066 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00161.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of emphysema. Cigarette smoke (CS) causes lung EC apoptosis and emphysema. In this study, we show that CS exposure increased lung tissue adenosine levels in mice, an effect associated with increased lung EC apoptosis and the development of emphysema. Adenosine has a protective effect against apoptosis via adenosine receptor-mediated signaling. However, sustained elevated adenosine increases alveolar cell apoptosis in adenosine deaminase-deficient mice. We established an in vitro model of sustained adenosine exposure by incubating lung EC with adenosine in the presence of an adenosine deaminase inhibitor, deoxycoformicin. We demonstrated that sustained adenosine exposure caused lung EC apoptosis via nucleoside transporter-facilitated intracellular adenosine uptake, subsequent activation of p38 and JNK in mitochondria, and ultimately mitochondrial defects and activation of the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Our results suggest that sustained elevated adenosine may contribute to CS-induced lung EC apoptosis and emphysema. Our data also reconcile the paradoxical effects of adenosine on apoptosis, demonstrating that prolonged exposure causes apoptosis via nucleoside transporter-mediated intracellular adenosine signaling, whereas acute exposure protects against apoptosis via activation of adenosine receptors. Inhibition of adenosine uptake may become a new therapeutic target in treatment of CS-induced lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02908, USA.
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Oh J, Kim SH, Ahn S, Lee CE. Suppressors of cytokine signaling promote Fas-induced apoptosis through downregulation of NF-κB and mitochondrial Bfl-1 in leukemic T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:5561-71. [PMID: 23152563 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) are known as negative regulators of cytokine- and growth factor-induced signal transduction. Recently they have emerged as multifunctional proteins with regulatory roles in inflammation, autoimmunity, and cancer. We have recently reported that SOCS1 has antiapoptotic functions against the TNF-α- and the hydrogen peroxide-induced T cell apoptosis through the induction of thioredoxin, which protects protein tyrosine phosphatases and attenuates Jaks. In this study, we report that SOCS, on the contrary, promote death receptor Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis. The proapoptotic effect of SOCS1 was manifested with increases in Fas-induced caspase-8 activation, truncated Bid production, and mitochondrial dysfunctions. Both caspase-8 inhibitor c-Flip and mitochondrial antiapoptotic factor Bfl-1 were significantly reduced by SOCS1. These proapoptotic responses were not associated with changes in Jak or p38/Jnk activities but were accompanied with downregulation of NF-κB and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression. Indeed, p65 degradation via ubiquitination was accelerated in SOCS1 overexpressing cells, whereas it was attenuated in SOCS1 knockdown cells. With high NF-κB levels, the SOCS1-ablated cells displayed resistance against Fas-induced apoptosis, which was abrogated upon siBfl-1 transfection. The results indicate that the suppression of NF-κB-dependent induction of prosurvival factors, such as Bfl-1 and c-Flip, may serve as a mechanism for SOCS action to promote Fas-mediated T cell apoptosis. SOCS3 exhibited a similar proapoptotic function. Because both SOCS1 and SOCS3 are induced upon TCR stimulation, SOCS would play a role in activation-induced cell death by sensitizing activated T cells toward Fas-mediated apoptosis to maintain T cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Oh
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Zhong X, Li X, Qian L, Xu Y, Lu Y, Zhang J, Li N, Zhu X, Ben J, Yang Q, Chen Q. Glycine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting myocardial apoptosis in rats. J Biomed Res 2012; 26:346-54. [PMID: 23554770 PMCID: PMC3613731 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.26.20110124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycine is a well-documented cytoprotective agent. However, whether it has a protective effect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo is still unknown. By using an open-chest anesthetized rat model, we found that glycine reduced the infarct size by 21% in ischemia-reperfusion injury rats compared with that in the vehicle-treated MI/R rats. The left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening were increased by 19.11% and 30.98%, respectively, in glycine-treated rats. The plasma creatine kinase levels in ischemia-reperfusion injury rats decreased following glycine treatment. Importantly, administration of glycine significantly inhibited apoptosis in post-ischemia-reperfusion myocardium, which was accompanied by suppression of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, as well as the Fas ligand. These results suggest that glycine attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo by inhibiting cardiomyocytes apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozheng Zhong
- Atherosclerosis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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Essential role of IL-6 in protection against H1N1 influenza virus by promoting neutrophil survival in the lung. Mucosal Immunol 2012; 5:258-66. [PMID: 22294047 PMCID: PMC3328598 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus infection is considered a major worldwide public health problem. Seasonal infections with the most common influenza virus strains (e.g., H1N1) can usually be resolved, but they still cause a high rate of mortality. The factors that influence the outcome of the infection remain unclear. Here, we show that deficiency of interleukin (IL)-6 or IL-6 receptor is sufficient for normally sublethal doses of H1N1 influenza A virus to cause death in mice. IL-6 is necessary for resolution of influenza infection by protecting neutrophils from virus-induced death in the lung and by promoting neutrophil-mediated viral clearance. Loss of IL-6 results in persistence of the influenza virus in the lung leading to pronounced lung damage and, ultimately, death. Thus, we demonstrate that IL-6 is a vital innate immune cytokine in providing protection against influenza A infection. Genetic or environmental factors that impair IL-6 production or signaling could increase mortality to influenza virus infection.
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Pulko V, Harris KJ, Liu X, Gibbons RM, Harrington SM, Krco CJ, Kwon ED, Dong H. B7-h1 expressed by activated CD8 T cells is essential for their survival. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5606-14. [PMID: 22025548 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
An immunoinhibitory role of B7 homologue 1 (B7-H1) expressed by non-T cells has been established; however, the function of B7-H1 expressed by T cells is not clear. Peak expression of B7-H1 on Ag-primed CD8 T cells was observed during the contraction phase of an immune response. Unexpectedly, B7-H1 blockade at this stage reduced the numbers of effector CD8 T cells, suggesting B7-H1 blocking Ab may disturb an unknown function of B7-H1 expressed by CD8 T cells. To exclusively examine the role of B7-H1 expressed by T cells, we introduced B7-H1 deficiency into TCR transgenic (OT-1) mice. Naive B7-H1-deficient CD8 T cells proliferated normally following Ag stimulation; however, once activated, they underwent more robust contraction in vivo and more apoptosis in vitro. In addition, B7-H1-deficient CD8 T cells were more sensitive to Ca-dependent and Fas ligand-dependent killing by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Activation-induced Bcl-x(L) expression was lower in activated B7-H1-deficient CD8 T cells, whereas Bcl-2 and Bim expression were comparable to the wild type. Transfer of effector B7-H1-deficient CD8 T cells failed to suppress tumor growth in vivo. Thus, upregulation of B7-H1 on primed T cells helps effector T cells survive the contraction phase and consequently generate optimal protective immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Pulko
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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