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Gupta G, Labrie S, Filteau M. Systematic Evaluation of Biotic and Abiotic Factors in Antifungal Microorganism Screening. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1396. [PMID: 39065164 PMCID: PMC11279232 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms have significant potential to control fungal contamination in various foods. However, the identification of strains that exhibit robust antifungal activity poses challenges due to highly context-dependent responses. Therefore, to fully exploit the potential of isolates as antifungal agents, it is crucial to systematically evaluate them in a variety of biotic and abiotic contexts. Here, we present an adaptable and scalable method using a robotic platform to study the properties of 1022 isolates obtained from maple sap. We tested the antifungal activity of isolates alone or in pairs on M17 + lactose (LM17), plate count agar (PCA), and sucrose-allantoin (SALN) culture media against Kluyveromyces lactis, Candida boidinii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microorganisms exhibited less often antifungal activity on SALN and PCA than LM17, suggesting that the latter is a better screening medium. We also analyzed the results of ecological interactions between pairs. Isolates that showed consistent competitive behaviors were more likely to show antifungal activity than expected by chance. However, co-culture rarely improved antifungal activity. In fact, an interaction-mediated suppression of activity was more prevalent in our dataset. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both biotic and abiotic factors into systematic screening designs for the bioprospection of microorganisms with environmentally robust antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Gupta
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (G.G.); (S.L.)
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Steve Labrie
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (G.G.); (S.L.)
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie Filteau
- Département des Sciences des Aliments, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (G.G.); (S.L.)
- Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Khoso A, Hussain A, Rehman M, Akram S, Ahmad D, Bin-Asif H, Zahid S, Hasan KA, Ali SA. Molecular Assessments of Antimicrobial Protein Enterocins and Quorum Sensing Genes and Their Role in Virulence of the Genus Enterococcus. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10278-4. [PMID: 38703322 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10278-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen because of its antibiotic resistance and virulence profile, which makes it a causative agent of several diseases like endocarditis, surgical site, and urinary tract infections. Currently, species of this genus are the 2nd most frequently isolated microorganisms from hospital-acquired infections. Significant association with hospitals and unhygienic conditions of the environments has made them resistant to a wide range of antibiotics. On the brighter side, enterococci have the ability to produce antimicrobial proteins (i.e., enterocins) that exhibit wide antagonistic activity, thus making them useful microbes in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Enterocins are also involved in niche control in gut microbiota which is regulated by the quorum sensing (QS) system. A bacterial communication system that is controlled by the fsr operon in enterococci consists of FsrABDC, ef1097, and GelE/SprE genes. Hence, the present study was conducted for molecular assessment of enterocins and quorum sensing genes, inter-environmental correlation, and species prevalence of enterococci isolated from different environmental niches of Karachi, Pakistan. Obtained results revealed the highest prevalence of E. faecium and E. faecalis in all environments. Bacterial antagonism and enterocin genes were observed significantly high in poultry environments. The inter-environmental correlation indicated a strong positive correlation of freshwater with sewage and soil environments. Similarly, the fsr regulatory system was mostly identified in poultry-related environments, and a significant correlation between QS system and biofilm formation was established. In conclusion, this study confirmed the high prevalence of E. faecium in all tested sources, high enterocin production in non-clinical environments, and more fsr regulatory genes in poultry-related environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisha Khoso
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Marium Rehman
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Saira Akram
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Diyar Ahmad
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Bin-Asif
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sindhu Zahid
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khwaja Ali Hasan
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- Third World Center for Science and Technology, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, at International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Han F, Li H, Lyu E, Zhang Q, Gai H, Xu Y, Bai X, He X, Khan AQ, Li X, Xie F, Li F, Fang X, Wei M. Soybean-mediated suppression of BjaI/BjaR 1 quorum sensing in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens impacts symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0137423. [PMID: 38251894 PMCID: PMC10880635 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01374-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs)-mediated LuxI/LuxR quorum sensing (QS) system orchestrates diverse bacterial behaviors in response to changes in population density. The role of the BjaI/BjaR1 QS system in Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA 110, which shares homology with LuxI/LuxR, remains elusive during symbiotic interaction with soybean. Here this genetic system in wild-type (WT) bacteria residing inside nodules exhibited significantly reduced activity compared to free-living cells, potentially attributed to soybean-mediated suppression. The deletion mutant strain ΔbjaR1 showed significantly enhanced nodulation induction and nitrogen fixation ability. Nevertheless, its ultimate symbiotic outcome (plant dry weight) in soybeans was compromised. Furthermore, comparative analysis of the transcriptome, proteome, and promoter activity revealed that the inactivation of BjaR1 systematically activated and inhibited genomic modules associated with nodulation and nitrogen metabolism. The former appeared to be linked to a significant decrease in the expression of NodD2, a key cell-density-dependent repressor of nodulation genes, while the latter conferred bacterial growth and nitrogen fixation insensitivity to environmental nitrogen. In addition, BjaR1 exerted a positive influence on the transcription of multiple genes involved in a so-called central intermediate metabolism within the nodule. In conclusion, our findings highlight the crucial role of the BjaI/BjaR1 QS circuit in positively regulating bacterial nitrogen metabolism and emphasize the significance of the soybean-mediated suppression of this genetic system for promoting efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation by B. diazoefficiens.IMPORTANCEThe present study demonstrates, for the first time, that the BjaI/BjaR1 QS system of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens has a significant impact on its nodulation and nitrogen fixation capability in soybean by positively regulating NodD2 expression and bacterial nitrogen metabolism. Moreover, it provides novel insights into the importance of suppressing the activity of this QS circuit by the soybean host plant in establishing an efficient mutual relationship between the two symbiotic partners. This research expands our understanding of legumes' role in modulating symbiotic nitrogen fixation through rhizobial QS-mediated metabolic functioning, thereby deepening our comprehension of symbiotic coevolution theory. In addition, these findings may hold great promise for developing quorum quenching technology in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huiquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ermeng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yunfang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueqian He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Abdul Qadir Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Bayat M, Nahand JS, Farsad-Akhatr N, Memar MY. Bile effects on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22111. [PMID: 38034726 PMCID: PMC10685303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs in most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is the primary source of bile aspiration in the airway tract of CF individuals. Aspirated bile is associated with the severity of lung diseases and chronic inflammation caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most common pathogen of CF respiratory tract infections. P. aeruginosa is equipped with several mechanisms to facilitate the infection process, including but not limited to the expression of virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance, all of which are under the strong regulation of quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. By increasing the expression of lasI, rhlI, and pqsA-E, bile exposure directly impacts the QS network. An increase in psl expression and pyocyanin production can promote biofilm formation. Along with the loss of flagella and reduced swarming motility, GER-derived bile can repress the expression of genes involved in creating an acute infection, such as expression of Type Three Secretion (T3SS), hydrogen cyanide (hcnABC), amidase (amiR), and phenazine (phzA-E). Inversely, to cause persistent infection, bile exposure can increase the Type Six Secretion System (T6SS) and efflux pump expression, which can trigger resistance to antibiotics such as colistin, polymyxin B, and erythromycin. This review will discuss the influence of aspirated bile on the pathogenesis, resistance, and persistence of P. aeruginosa in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Farsad-Akhatr
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Ikome HN, Tamfu AN, Abdou JP, Fouotsa H, Nangmo PK, Lah FCW, Tchinda AT, Ceylan O, Frederich M, Nkengfack AE. Disruption of Biofilm Formation and Quorum Sensing in Pathogenic Bacteria by Compounds from Zanthoxylum Gilletti (De Wild) P.G. Waterman. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6113-6131. [PMID: 36811771 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04380-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbial resistance is facilitated by biofilm formation and quorum-sensing mediated processes. In this work, the stem bark (ZM) and fruit extracts (ZMFT) of Zanthoxylum gilletii were subjected to column chromatography and afforded lupeol (1), 2,3-epoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyconiferyl alcohol (3), nitidine chloride (4), nitidine (7), sucrose (6) and sitosterol-β-D-glucopyranoside (2). The compounds were characterized using MS and NMR spectral data. The samples were evaluated for antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anti-quorum sensing activities. Highest antimicrobial activity was exhibited by compounds 3, 4 and 7 against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 200 µg/mL), compounds 3 and 4 against Escherichia coli (MIC = 100 µg/mL) and compounds 4 and 7 against Candida albicans (MIC = 50 µg/mL). At MIC and sub-MIC concentrations, all samples inhibited biofilm formation by pathogens and violacein production in C. violaceum CV12472 except compound 6. Good disruption of QS-sensing in C. violaceum revealed by inhibition zone diameters were exhibited by compounds 3 (11.5 ± 0.5 mm), 4 (12.5 ± 1.5 mm), 5 (15.0 ± 0.8 mm), 7 (12.0 ± 1.5 mm) as well as the crude extracts from stem barks (16.5 ± 1.2 mm) and seeds (13.0 ± 1.4 mm). The profound inhibition of quorum sensing mediated processes in test pathogens by compounds 3, 4, 5 and 7 suggests the methylenedioxy- group that these compounds possess as the possible pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermia Nalova Ikome
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), P.O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48147, Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Jean Pierre Abdou
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, P.O. Box 454, Ngaondere, Cameroon
| | - Hugues Fouotsa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Pamela Kemda Nangmo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), P.O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Fidèle Castro Weyepe Lah
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaounde I, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), P.O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Alembert Tiabou Tchinda
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Center for Studies on Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), P.O. Box 13033, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Ozgur Ceylan
- Food Quality Control and Analysis Program, Ula Ali Kocman Vocational School, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, 48147, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Michel Frederich
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine, CIRM, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
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Xu X, Wang S, Li C, Li J, Gao F, Zheng L. Quorum sensing bacteria in microplastics epiphytic biofilms and their biological characteristics which potentially impact marine ecosystem. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115444. [PMID: 37690175 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) have been shown to be a new type of pollutant in the oceans, with complex biofilms attached to their surfaces. Bacteria with quorum sensing (QS) systems are important participants in biofilms. Such bacteria can secrete and detect signal molecules. When a signal molecule reaches its threshold level, bacteria with QS systems can perform several biological functions, such as biofilm formation and antibiotic metabolite production. However, the ecological effects of QS bacteria in biofilm as MPs distribute globally with ocean currents are not to be elucidate yet. In this study, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride were selected for on-site enrichment to acquire microplastics with biofilms. Eight culturable QS bacteria in the resulting biofilm were isolated by using biosensor assays, and their biodiversity was analyzed. The profiles of the N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) produced by these bacteria were analyzed by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Biofilm-forming properties and several biological characteristics, such as bacteriostasis, algal inhibition, and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) degradation, were explored along with QS quenching. Results showed that QS bacteria were mainly affiliated with class Alphaproteobacteria, particularly Rhodobacteraceae, followed by class Gammaproteobacteria. TLC-bioautography and GC-MS analyses revealed that seven AHLs, namely, C6-HSL, C8-HSL, 3-oxo-C6-HSL, 3-oxo-C8-HSL, 3-oxo-C10-HSL, and two unidentified AHLs were produced. The QS system equipped bacteria with strong biofilm-forming capacity and may contribute to the keystone roles of Rhodobacteraceae. In addition, QS bacteria may exacerbate the adverse environmental effects of MPs, such as inducing the misfeeding of planktons on MPs. This study elucidated the diversity of QS bacteria in MP-associated biofilms and provided a new perspective of the effect of key membrane-forming bacteria on the marine ecological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Chengxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Jingxi Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Fenglei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China; Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China.
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Zhang H, Zhang Z, Li J, Qin G. New Strategies for Biocontrol of Bacterial Toxins and Virulence: Focusing on Quorum-Sensing Interference and Biofilm Inhibition. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:570. [PMID: 37755996 PMCID: PMC10536320 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of antibiotics and the emergence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant pathogens are becoming a serious threat to health security and the economy. Reducing antimicrobial resistance requires replacing antibiotic consumption with more biocontrol strategies to improve the immunity of animals and humans. Probiotics and medicinal plants have been used as alternative treatments or preventative therapies for a variety of diseases caused by bacterial infections. Therefore, we reviewed some of the anti-virulence and bacterial toxin-inhibiting strategies that are currently being developed; this review covers strategies focused on quenching pathogen quorum sensing (QS) systems, the disruption of biofilm formation and bacterial toxin neutralization. It highlights the probable mechanism of action for probiotics and medicinal plants. Although further research is needed before a definitive statement can be made on the efficacy of any of these interventions, the current literature offers new hope and a new tool in the arsenal in the fight against bacterial virulence factors and bacterial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bio-Engineering, College of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Jing Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Guangyong Qin
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China;
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Wei Y, Dong B, Wu X, Zhao M, Wang D, Li N, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Zhou H. RpoZ regulates 2,4-DAPG production and quorum sensing system in Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1160913. [PMID: 37250031 PMCID: PMC10213339 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1160913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 was isolated from soil of natural decay associated with wheat take-all and it can effectively control soil-borne diseases caused by a variety of plant pathogens. 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG), is produced by P. fluorescens 2P24 and plays an important role in the prevention and control of plant diseases. To understand the resistant mechanism, in this study, we conducted experiments to explore the regulation role of rpoZ in the synthesis of the antibiotic 2,4-DAPG and regulation of QS system. Methods A random mini-Tn5 mutagenesis procedure was used to screen regulators for phlA transcription in stain PM901, which containing a phlA∷lacZ transcriptional fusion reporter plasmid. We identified 12 insertion mutants could significantly change phlA gene expression. By analyzing the amino acid sequences of the interrupted gene, we obtained a mutant strain Aa4-29 destroyed the rpoZ gene, which encodes the omiga subunit. We constructed the plasmid of rpoZ mutant (pBBR-△rpoZ) transformed into competent cells of P. fluorescens 2P24 by electro-transformation assay. The strains of P. fluorescens 2P24/pBBR, 2P24-△rpoZ/pBBR, 2P24-△rpoZ/pBBR-rpoZ were used to evaluate the regulation role of rpoZ in 2,4-DAPG production and quorum sensing system. Results According to β-galactosidase activity, we found that rpoZ positively regulated the expression of phlA (a synthesis gene of 2,4-DAPG) and PcoI (a synthesis gene of PcoI/PcoR QS signal system) at the transcriptional level. The production of 2,4-DAPG antibiotic and signal molecule AHL was influenced by rpoZ. Further, rpoZ was involved in regulating rsmA expression. RpoZ also has a certain regulatory effect on rpoS transcription, but no effect on the transcription of phlF, emhABC and emhR. According to the biocontrol assay, P. fluorescens 2P24 strains with rpoZ showed obvious antagonism ability against the Rhizoctonia solani in cotton, while the mutant strain of rpoZ lost the biocontrol effect. RpoZ had a significant effect on the swimming and biofilm formation in P. fluorescens 2P24. Conclusion Our data showed that rpoZ was an important regulator of QS system, 2,4-DAPG in P. fluorescens 2P24. This may imply that P. fluorescens 2P24 has evolved different regulatory features to adapt to different environmental threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarui Wei
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Baozhu Dong
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingmin Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Na Li
- Erdos Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center, Erdos, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Bayannaoer Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Promotion Center, Bayannaoer, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyou Zhou
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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Roy PK, Ha AJW, Nahar S, Hossain MI, Ashrafudoulla M, Toushik SH, Mizan MFR, Kang I, Ha SD. Inhibitory effects of vorinostat (SAHA) against food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky mixed culture biofilm with virulence and quorum-sensing relative expression. BIOFOULING 2023; 39:617-628. [PMID: 37580896 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2023.2242263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is a food-borne microorganism that is also a zoonotic bacterial hazard in the food sector. This study determined how well a mixed culture of Salmonella Kentucky formed biofilms on plastic (PLA), silicon rubber (SR), rubber gloves (RG), chicken skin and eggshell surfaces. In vitro interactions between the histone deacetylase inhibitor-vorinostat (SAHA)-and S. enterica serotype Kentucky were examined utilizing biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of SAHA was 120 µg mL-1. The addition of sub-MIC (60 µg mL-1) of SAHA decreased biofilm formation for 24 h on PLA, SR, RG, Chicken skin, and eggshell by 3.98, 3.84, 4.11, 2.86 and 3.01 log (p < 0.05), respectively. In addition, the initial rate of bacterial biofilm formation was higher on chicken skin than on other surfaces, but the inhibitory effect was reduced. Consistent with this conclusion, virulence genes expression (avrA, rpoS and hilA) and quorum-sensing (QS) gene (luxS) was considerably downregulated at sub-MIC of SAHA. SAHA has potential as an anti-biofilm agent against S. enterica serotype Kentucky biofilm, mostly by inhibiting virulence and quorum-sensing gene expression, proving the histone deacetylase inhibitor could be used to control food-borne biofilms in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pantu Kumar Roy
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, Republic of Korea
| | - Angela Ji-Won Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Shamsun Nahar
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Iqbal Hossain
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Ashrafudoulla
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sazzad Hossen Toushik
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Iksoon Kang
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, CA Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
| | - Sang-Do Ha
- Advanced Food Safety Research Group, Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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10
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Disturbing the Spatial Organization of Biofilm Communities Affects Expression of agr-Regulated Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0193222. [PMID: 36700647 PMCID: PMC9973005 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01932-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus uses quorum sensing and nutrient availability to control the expression of agr-regulated virulence factors. Quorum sensing is mediated by autoinducing peptide (AIP), which at a high concentration reduces expression of surface attachment proteins (coa, fnbpA) and increases expression of exotoxins (lukS) and proteases (splA). Nutrient availability can be sensed through the saeS/saeR system. Low nutrients increase expression of saeR, which augments expression of coa and fnbpA, distinct from the activity of AIP. The formation of spatial structure, such as biofilms, can alter quorum sensing and nutrient acquisition. In natural environments, biofilms encounter forces that may alter their spatial structure. These forces may impact quorum sensing and/or nutrient acquisition and thus affect the expression of agr-regulated virulence factors. However, this has not been studied. We show that periodically disturbing biofilms composed of S. aureus using a physical force affected the expression of agr-regulated virulence factors. In nutrient-poor environments, disturbance increased the expression of coa, fnbpA, lukS, and splA. Disturbance in a nutrient-rich environment at low or high disturbance amplitudes moderately reduced expression of coa and fnbpA but increased expression of lukS and splA. Interestingly, at an intermediate amplitude, the overall expression of agr-regulated virulence factors was the lowest; expression of lukS and splA remained unchanged relative to an undisturbed biofilm, while expression of coa and fnbpA significantly decreased. We hypothesize that these changes are a result of disturbance-driven changes in access to AIP and nutrients. Our results may allow the identification of environments where virulence is enhanced, or reduced, owing to a disturbance. IMPORTANCE Bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, integrate signals from the environment to regulate genes encoding virulence factors. These signals include those produced by quorum-sensing systems and nutrient availability. We show that disturbing the spatial organization of S. aureus populations can lead to changes in the expression of virulence factors, likely by altering the ways in which S. aureus detects these signals. Our work may allow us to identify environments that increase or reduce the expression of virulence factors in S. aureus.
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Antibiofilm and Anti-Quorum-Sensing Activities of Novel Pyrazole and Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine Derivatives as Carbonic Anhydrase I and II Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Radiosterilization, and Molecular Docking Studies. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010128. [PMID: 36671329 PMCID: PMC9854762 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, searching for new anti-infective agents with diverse mechanisms of action has become necessary. In this study, 16 pyrazole and pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and assessed for their preliminary antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. All these derivatives were initially screened for their antibacterial activity against six clinically isolated multidrug resistance by agar well-diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The initial screening presented significant antibacterial activity with a bactericidal effect for five compounds, namely 3a, 5a, 6, 9a, and 10a, compared with Erythromycin and Amikacin. These five derivatives were further evaluated for their antibiofilm activity against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, which showed strong biofilm-forming activity at their MICs by >60%. The SEM analysis confirmed the biofilm disruption in the presence of these derivatives. Furthermore, anti-QS activity was observed for the five hybrids at their sub-MICs, as indicated by the visible halo zone. In addition, the presence of the most active derivatives reduces the violacein production by CV026, confirming that these compounds yielded anti-QS activity. Furthermore, these compounds showed strong inhibitory action against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA-I and hCA-II) isoforms with IC50 values ranging between 92.34 and 168.84 nM and between 73.2 and 161.22 nM, respectively. Finally, radiosterilization, ADMET, and a docking simulation were performed.
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12
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Polizzi A, Donzella M, Nicolosi G, Santonocito S, Pesce P, Isola G. Drugs for the Quorum Sensing Inhibition of Oral Biofilm: New Frontiers and Insights in the Treatment of Periodontitis. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122740. [PMID: 36559234 PMCID: PMC9781207 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical molecules are used by microorganisms to communicate with each other. Quorum sensing is the mechanism through which microorganisms regulate their population density and activity with chemical signaling. The inhibition of quorum sensing, called quorum quenching, may disrupt oral biofilm formation, which is the main etiological factor of oral diseases, including periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of infectious etiology involving the hard and soft periodontal tissues and which is related to various systemic disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. The employment of adjuvant therapies to traditional scaling and root planing is currently being studied to further reduce the impact of periodontitis. In this sense, using antibiotics and antiseptics involves non-negligible risks, such as antibiotic resistance phenomena and hinders the re-establishment of eubiosis. Different quorum sensing signal molecules have been identified in periodontal pathogenic oral bacteria. In this regard, quorum sensing inhibitors are emerging as some interesting solutions for the management of periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of quorum sensing signal molecules produced by oral biofilm and to analyze the potential of quorum sensing inhibitors for the management of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Polizzi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Donzella
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giada Nicolosi
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Santonocito
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.I.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (S.S. & G.I.)
| | - Paolo Pesce
- Department of Surgical Sciences (DISC), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gaetano Isola
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Via Sofia 78, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.I.); Tel.: +39-095-378-2638 (S.S. & G.I.)
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13
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Khatami SH, Karami S, Siahkouhi HR, Taheri-Anganeh M, Fathi J, Aghazadeh Ghadim MB, Taghvimi S, Shabaninejad Z, Tondro G, Karami N, Dolatshah L, Soltani Fard E, Movahedpour A, Darvishi MH. Aptamer-based biosensors for Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 66:101865. [PMID: 36162597 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses innate antibiotic resistance mechanisms, and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been considered the number one priority in the 2017 WHO list of antimicrobial-resistant crucial hazards. Early detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa can circumvent treatment challenges. Various techniques have been developed for the detection of P. aeruginosa detection. Biosensors have recently attracted unprecedented attention in the field of point-of-care diagnostics due to their easy operation, rapid, low cost, high sensitivity, and selectivity. Biosensors can convert the specific interaction between bioreceptors (antibodies, aptamers) and pathogens into optical, electrical, and other signal outputs. Aptamers are novel and promising alternatives to antibodies as biorecognition elements mainly synthesized by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment and have predictable secondary structures. They have comparable affinity and specificity for binding to their target to antibody recognition. Since 2015, there have been about 2000 journal articles published in the field of aptamer biosensors, of which 30 articles were on the detection of P. aeruginosa. Here, we have focused on outlining the recent progress in the field of aptamer-based biosensors for P. aeruginosa detection based on optical, electrochemical, and piezoelectric signal transduction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajedeh Karami
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Siahkouhi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Fathi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Shabaninejad
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Tondro
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Neda Karami
- TU Wien, Institute of Solid-State Electronics, Vienna A, 1040, Austria
| | - Leila Dolatshah
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hasan Darvishi
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Hilau S, Katz S, Wasserman T, Hershberg R, Savir Y. Density-dependent effects are the main determinants of variation in growth dynamics between closely related bacterial strains. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010565. [PMID: 36191042 PMCID: PMC9578580 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although closely related, bacterial strains from the same species show significant diversity in their growth and death dynamics. Yet, our understanding of the relationship between the kinetic parameters that dictate these dynamics is still lacking. Here, we measured the growth and death dynamics of 11 strains of Escherichia coli originating from different hosts and show that the growth patterns are clustered into three major classes with typical growth rates, maximal fold change, and death rates. To infer the underlying phenotypic parameters that govern the dynamics, we developed a phenomenological mathematical model that accounts not only for growth rate and its dependence on resource availability, but also for death rates and density-dependent growth inhibition. We show that density-dependent growth is essential for capturing the variability in growth dynamics between the strains. Indeed, the main parameter determining the dynamics is the typical density at which they slow down their growth, rather than the maximal growth rate or death rate. Moreover, we show that the phenotypic landscape resides within a two-dimensional plane spanned by resource utilization efficiency, death rate, and density-dependent growth inhibition. In this phenotypic plane, we identify three clusters that correspond to the growth pattern classes. Overall, our results reveal the tradeoffs between growth parameters that constrain bacterial adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin Hilau
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- Rachel & Menachem Mendelovitch Evolutionary Processes of Mutation & Natural Selection Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sophia Katz
- Rachel & Menachem Mendelovitch Evolutionary Processes of Mutation & Natural Selection Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tanya Wasserman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Hershberg
- Rachel & Menachem Mendelovitch Evolutionary Processes of Mutation & Natural Selection Research Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yonatan Savir
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, the Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
- * E-mail:
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15
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Zhang Z, Yang Y, Sun Q, Zeng W, Li Y. Inhibition of Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors of Cariogenic Oral Pathogen Streptococcus mutans by Shikimic Acid. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0119922. [PMID: 35880891 PMCID: PMC9431622 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01199-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is known as an important oral pathogen causing dental caries, a widespread oral infectious disease. S. mutans synthesize exopolysaccharide (EPS) using glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), resulting in biofilm formation on the tooth surface. Bacterial cells in the biofilms become strongly resistant to a harsh environment, such as antibiotics and host defense mechanisms, making biofilm-based infections difficult to eliminate. Discovering novel antibiofilm agents, especially from natural products, helps to develop effective strategies against this kind of diseases. The present study investigated the inhibitory effect of shikimic acid (SA), one abundant compound derived from Illicium verum extract, on the biofilm formation of S. mutans. We found SA can reduce the EPS synthesized by this oral pathogen and modulate the transcription of biofilm formation related genes, leading to fewer bacterial cells in its biofilm. SA also interacted with cell membrane and membrane proteins, causing damage to bacterial cells. Ex vivo testing of biofilm formation on bovine teeth showed SA strongly decreased the number of S. mutans cells and the number of EPS accumulated on dental enamel surfaces. Moreover, SA exhibits almost no toxicity to human oral cells evaluated by in vitro biocompatibility assay. In conclusion, shikimic acid exhibits remarkable antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and has the potential to be further developed as a novel anticaries agent. IMPORTANCE Natural products are an important and cost-effective source for screening antimicrobial agents. Here, we identified one compound, shikimic acid, from Illicium verum extract, exhibiting antimicrobial activity against S. mutans proliferation. It also inhibits biofilm formation of this bacteria through decreasing Gtf expression and EPS synthesis. Furthermore, this compound exhibits no significant cytotoxicity at its MIC against S. mutans, providing evidence for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weicai Zeng
- Department of Food Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Santhiravel S, Bekhit AEDA, Mendis E, Jacobs JL, Dunshea FR, Rajapakse N, Ponnampalam EN. The Impact of Plant Phytochemicals on the Gut Microbiota of Humans for a Balanced Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158124. [PMID: 35897699 PMCID: PMC9332059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of humans is a complex microbial ecosystem known as gut microbiota. The microbiota is involved in several critical physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, and related physiological functions and plays a crucial role in determining the host’s health. The habitual consumption of specific dietary components can impact beyond their nutritional benefits, altering gut microbiota diversity and function and could manipulate health. Phytochemicals are non-nutrient biologically active plant components that can modify the composition of gut microflora through selective stimulation of proliferation or inhibition of certain microbial communities in the intestine. Plants secrete these components, and they accumulate in the cell wall and cell sap compartments (body) for their development and survival. These compounds have low bioavailability and long time-retention in the intestine due to their poor absorption, resulting in beneficial impacts on gut microbiota population. Feeding diets containing phytochemicals to humans and animals may offer a path to improve the gut microbiome resulting in improved performance and/or health and wellbeing. This review discusses the effects of phytochemicals on the modulation of the gut microbiota environment and the resultant benefits to humans; however, the effect of phytochemicals on the gut microbiota of animals is also covered, in brief.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarusha Santhiravel
- Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Alaa El-Din A Bekhit
- Department of Food Sciences, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Eresha Mendis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC 3821, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Niranjan Rajapakse
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Eric N Ponnampalam
- Animal Production Sciences, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
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17
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Kim YK, Roy PK, Ashrafudoulla M, Nahar S, Toushik SH, Hossain MI, Mizan MFR, Park SH, Ha SD. Antibiofilm effects of quercetin against Salmonella enterica biofilm formation and virulence, stress response, and quorum-sensing gene expression. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2022.108964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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18
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AI-2/LuxS Quorum Sensing System Promotes Biofilm Formation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Enhances the Resistance to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Germ-Free Zebrafish. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0061022. [PMID: 35700135 PMCID: PMC9430243 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00610-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The LuxS enzyme plays a key role in both quorum sensing (QS) and the regulation of bacterial growth. It catalyzes the production of autoinducer-2 (AI-2) signaling molecule, which is a component of the methyl cycle and methionine metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the differences between the Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) wild-type strain (WT) and its luxS mutant (ΔluxS) during biofilm formation and when resisting to inflammation caused by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) in germ-free zebrafish. Our results suggest that in the absence of luxS when LGG was knocked out, biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide secretion and adhesion were all compromised. Addition of synthetic AI-2 indeed rescued, at least partially, the deficiencies observed in the mutant strain. The colonizing and immunomodulatory function in WT versus ΔluxS mutants were further studied in a germ-free zebrafish model. The concentration of AI-2 signaling molecules decreased sharply in zebrafish infected with the ΔluxS. At the same time, compared with the ΔluxS, the wild-type strain could colonize the germ-free zebrafish more effectively. Our transcriptome results suggest that genes involved in immunity, signal transduction, and cell adhesion were downregulated in zebrafish infected with ΔluxS and WT. In the WT, the immune system of germ-free zebrafish was activated more effectively through the MAPK and NF-κB pathway, and its ability to fight the infection against ETEC was increased. Together, our results demonstrate that the AI-2/LuxS system plays an important role in biofilm formation to improve LGG and alleviate inflammation caused by ETEC in germ-free zebrafish. IMPORTANCELactobacillus rhamnosus GG is a widely used probiotic to improve host intestinal health, promote growth, reduce diarrhea, and modulate immunity. In recent years, the bacterial quorum sensing system has attracted much attention; however, there has not been much research on the effect of the LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system of Lactobacillus on bacteriostasis, microbial ecology balance, and immune regulation in intestine. In this study, we used germ-free zebrafish as an animal model to compare the differences between wild-type and luxS mutant strains. We showed how AI-2/LuxS QS affects the release of AI-2 and how QS regulates the colonization, EPS synthesis and biofilm formation of LGG. This study provides an idea for the targeted regulation of animal intestinal health with probiotics by controlling bacteria quorum sensing system.
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Effect of (+) usnic Acid on Pigment Production in Bacteria. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a universal problem in bacterial infections. Hence it gives high priority for new therapeutic methods to alternate conventional antibiotic treatment. Pigment production is one of the virulence characteristics of bacteria regulated by a quorum-sensing mechanism. Antiquorum sensing activities will not directly affect the viability of bacteria; however, they will reduce the pathogenicity of bacteria. Thereby it gives an adverse probability of the development of drug resistance. Aim of our study is to evaluate the activity of (+) usnic acid on pigment production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453, Chromobacterium violaceum MTCC 2656 and Serratia marcescens MTCC 8708. (+) usnic acid eluted by column chromatography. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) was used as the solvent for (+) usnic acid. Antibacterial activity determined by Agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Effect on pigment production was assessed by spectroscopy. (+) usnic acid showed accumulative inhibition as its concentration increases on pigment production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 2453, Chromobacterium violaceum MTCC 2656 and Serratia marcescens MTCC 8708. The lowest concentrations of (+) usnic acid manifested 50% inhibition of pigment production was 122.67, 87.73 and 205.26 µg/ml respectively on above mentioned order in bacteria. The concentration of (+) usnic acid that showed pigment production inhibition did not hinder the growth of the bacteria, but it can reduce the virulence of the bacteria. This property can be used to resolve the drug resistance in bacteria. Further studies are required to check the action of (+) usnic acid on other virulence factors of the bacteria to prove the quorum quenching activity.
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20
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Roy PK, Song MG, Park SY. Impact of Quercetin against Salmonella Typhimurium Biofilm Formation on Food-Contact Surfaces and Molecular Mechanism Pattern. Foods 2022; 11:977. [PMID: 35407064 PMCID: PMC8997561 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is an active nutraceutical element that is found in a variety of foods, vegetables, fruits, and other products. Due to its antioxidant properties, quercetin is a flexible functional food that has broad protective effects against a wide range of infectious and degenerative disorders. As a result, research is required on food-contact surfaces (rubber (R) and hand gloves (HG)) that can lead to cross-contamination. In this investigation, the inhibitory effects of quercetin, an antioxidant and antibacterial molecule, were investigated at sub-MIC (125; 1/2, 62.5; 1/4, and 31.25; 1/8 MIC, μg/mL) against Salmonella Typhimurium on surfaces. When quercetin (0−125 μg/mL) was observed on R and HG surfaces, the inhibitory effects were 0.09−2.49 and 0.20−2.43 log CFU/cm2, respectively (p < 0.05). The results were confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), because quercetin inhibited the biofilms by disturbing cell-to-cell connections and inducing cell lysis, resulting in the loss of normal cell morphology, and the motility (swimming and swarming) was significantly different at 1/4 and 1/2 MIC compared to the control. Quercetin significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the expression levels of virulence and stress response (rpoS, avrA, and hilA) and quorum-sensing (luxS) genes. Our findings imply that plant-derived quercetin could be used as an antibiofilm agent in the food industry to prevent S. Typhimurium biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shin Young Park
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea; (P.K.R.); (M.G.S.)
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Ahmed UKB, Ballard JD. Autoinducing peptide-based quorum signaling systems in Clostridioides difficile. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 65:81-86. [PMID: 34773906 PMCID: PMC8792308 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The autoinducing peptide-based Agr system in Clostridioides difficile is involved in virulence factor expression, motility, and sporulation. This review highlights several of the recent discoveries regarding C. difficile Agr. Typical Agr systems rely on the combined activities of four proteins involved in peptide expression, peptide processing, peptide sensing, and transcriptional regulation. As emphasized in this review, at least two C. difficile Agr systems (Agr1 and Agr3) lack the set of proteins associated with this regulatory network. In line with this, recent finding indicate Agr1 can function in ways that may not depend on accumulation of extracellular peptide. Also, described are the similarities and differences in Agr systems within the pathogenic Clostridia.
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22
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Simonetti O, Rizzetto G, Cirioni O, Molinelli E, Morroni G, Giacometti A, Offidani A. New insight into old and new antimicrobial molecules targeting quorum sensing for MRSA wound infection. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:177-183. [PMID: 35040689 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MRSA represents one of the largest problems in wound healing as a result of its increasing incidence and the complex therapeutic approach required to treat it. The need for new solutions to overcome antibiotic resistance led to the development of antimicrobial molecules that are effective at blocking quorum sensing. This special report provides an up-to-date review, based on the latest evidence in the literature, of old and new molecules that can positively influence the process of wound healing via their action on MRSA quorum sensing. Quorum sensing-inhibiting molecules, applied topically or injected in situ, have excellent potential to improve both MRSA eradication and quality of wound healing, especially when combined with conventional systemic MRSA therapy. Further human studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Simonetti
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Clinic of Dermatology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, 60121, Italy
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Lamin A, Kaksonen AH, Cole IS, Chen XB. Quorum sensing inhibitors applications: a new prospect for mitigation of microbiologically influenced corrosion. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108050. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ahmed M, SaKai Y, Fukudome M, Yuan DQ. Cucurbit[7]uril: Synthesis and quenching the quorum sensing in bacteria. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Simonetti O, Rizzetto G, Radi G, Molinelli E, Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Offidani A. New Perspectives on Old and New Therapies of Staphylococcal Skin Infections: The Role of Biofilm Targeting in Wound Healing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111377. [PMID: 34827315 PMCID: PMC8615132 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the most common complications of both chronic wound and surgical sites are staphylococcal skin infections, which slow down the wound healing process due to various virulence factors, including the ability to produce biofilms. Furthermore, staphylococcal skin infections are often caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and become a therapeutic challenge. The aim of this narrative review is to collect the latest evidence on old and new anti-staphylococcal therapies, assessing their anti-biofilm properties and their effect on skin wound healing. We considered antibiotics, quorum sensing inhibitors, antimicrobial peptides, topical dressings, and antimicrobial photo-dynamic therapy. According to our review of the literature, targeting of biofilm is an important therapeutic choice in acute and chronic infected skin wounds both to overcome antibiotic resistance and to achieve better wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Simonetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0-715-963-494
| | - Giulio Rizzetto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Giulia Radi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Elisa Molinelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (O.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (O.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Offidani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences Clinic of Dermatology, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy; (G.R.); (G.R.); (E.M.); (A.O.)
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Bai X, Nakatsu CH, Bhunia AK. Bacterial Biofilms and Their Implications in Pathogenesis and Food Safety. Foods 2021; 10:2117. [PMID: 34574227 PMCID: PMC8472614 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an integral part of the microbial life cycle in nature. In food processing environments, bacterial transmissions occur primarily through raw or undercooked foods and by cross-contamination during unsanitary food preparation practices. Foodborne pathogens form biofilms as a survival strategy in various unfavorable environments, which also become a frequent source of recurrent contamination and outbreaks of foodborne illness. Instead of focusing on bacterial biofilm formation and their pathogenicity individually, this review discusses on a molecular level how these two physiological processes are connected in several common foodborne pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli. In addition, biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is discussed because it aids the persistence of many foodborne pathogens forming polymicrobial biofilms on food contact surfaces, thus significantly elevating food safety and public health concerns. Furthermore, in-depth analyses of several bacterial molecules with dual functions in biofilm formation and pathogenicity are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjian Bai
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Cindy H. Nakatsu
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Arun K. Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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27
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Lazar V, Holban AM, Curutiu C, Chifiriuc MC. Modulation of Quorum Sensing and Biofilms in Less Investigated Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:676510. [PMID: 34394026 PMCID: PMC8359898 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.676510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have the ability to sense their versatile environment and adapt by behavioral changes both to the external reservoirs and the infected host, which, in response to microbial colonization, mobilizes equally sophisticated anti-infectious strategies. One of the most important adaptive processes is the ability of pathogenic bacteria to turn from the free, floating, or planktonic state to the adherent one and to develop biofilms on alive and inert substrata; this social lifestyle, based on very complex communication networks, namely, the quorum sensing (QS) and response system, confers them an increased phenotypic or behavioral resistance to different stress factors, including host defense mechanisms and antibiotics. As a consequence, biofilm infections can be difficult to diagnose and treat, requiring complex multidrug therapeutic regimens, which often fail to resolve the infection. One of the most promising avenues for discovering novel and efficient antibiofilm strategies is targeting individual cells and their QS mechanisms. A huge amount of data related to the inhibition of QS and biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria have been obtained using the well-established gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa models. The purpose of this paper was to revise the progress on the development of antibiofilm and anti-QS strategies in the less investigated gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterobacter sp. and identify promising leads for the therapeutic management of these clinically significant and highly resistant opportunistic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lazar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- The Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
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28
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Önem E, Sarısu HC, Özaydın AG, Muhammed MT, Ak A. Phytochemical profile, antimicrobial, and anti-quorum sensing properties of fruit stalks of Prunus avium L. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:426-437. [PMID: 34173244 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical contents and antibacterial properties of 2-year Prunus avium L. standard cultivars [Cristalina (Cr), 0900 Ziraat (Zr)] and to elucidate the mechanism of action of the extracts on the quorum sensing (QS) system by using homology modelling and molecular docking. Phenolic contents of methanol extract of Cr and Zr stalks were detected by HPLC. As a result, catechin hydrate (6364·67-8127·93 µg g-1 ) and chlorogenic acid (998·81-1273·4 µg g-1 ) were found to be the highest in stalk extracts in the two varieties in 2017. All extracts had inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Stalk extract of Zr showed higher inhibition rate (86%) on swarming motility. Stalk samples of Zr collected in 2017 and 2018 also reduced biofilm formation by 75 and 73%, respectively. The computational analysis revealed that one of the major component of the extracts, chlorogenic acid, was able to bind to the QS system receptors, LasR, RhlR, and PqsR. Therefore, the mechanism of decreasing the production of virulence factors by the extracts might be through inhibiting these receptors and thus interfering with the QS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Önem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - H C Sarısu
- Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock, Fruit Research Institute, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A G Özaydın
- YETEM-Innovative Technology Application and Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - M T Muhammed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - A Ak
- Vocational School of Health Services, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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29
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Dat TTH, Cuc NTK, Cuong PV, Smidt H, Sipkema D. Diversity and Antimicrobial Activity of Vietnamese Sponge-Associated Bacteria. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070353. [PMID: 34206202 PMCID: PMC8307940 DOI: 10.3390/md19070353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the diversity and antimicrobial activity of cultivable bacteria associated with Vietnamese sponges. In total, 460 bacterial isolates were obtained from 18 marine sponges. Of these, 58.3% belonged to Proteobacteria, 16.5% to Actinobacteria, 18.0% to Firmicutes, and 7.2% to Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, isolated strains belonged to 55 genera, of which several genera, such as Bacillus, Pseudovibrio, Ruegeria, Vibrio, and Streptomyces, were the most predominant. Culture media influenced the cultivable bacterial composition, whereas, from different sponge species, similar cultivable bacteria were recovered. Interestingly, there was little overlap of bacterial composition associated with sponges when the taxa isolated were compared to cultivation-independent data. Subsequent antimicrobial assays showed that 90 isolated strains exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one of seven indicator microorganisms. From the culture broth of the isolated strain with the strongest activity (Bacillus sp. M1_CRV_171), four secondary metabolites were isolated and identified, including cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr) (1), macrolactin A (2), macrolactin H (3), and 15,17-epoxy-16-hydroxy macrolactin A (4). Of these, compounds 2-4 exhibited antimicrobial activity against a broad spectrum of reference microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ton That Huu Dat
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam; (N.T.K.C.); (P.V.C.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (T.T.H.D.); (D.S.); Tel.: +84-94-949-2778 (T.T.H.D.); +31-317-483-113 (D.S.)
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam; (N.T.K.C.); (P.V.C.)
| | - Pham Viet Cuong
- Mientrung Institute for Scientific Research, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 321 Huynh Thuc Khang, Hue City, Thua Thien Hue 531600, Vietnam; (N.T.K.C.); (P.V.C.)
| | - Hauke Smidt
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Detmer Sipkema
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: (T.T.H.D.); (D.S.); Tel.: +84-94-949-2778 (T.T.H.D.); +31-317-483-113 (D.S.)
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30
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Biofuels from Micro-Organisms: Thermodynamic Considerations on the Role of Electrochemical Potential on Micro-Organisms Growth. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11062591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels from micro-organisms represents a possible response to the carbon dioxide mitigation. One open problem is to improve their productivity, in terms of biofuels production. To do so, an improvement of the present model of growth and production is required. However, this implies an understanding of the growth spontaneous conditions of the bacteria. In this paper, a thermodynamic approach is developed in order to highlight the fundamental role of the electrochemical potential in bacteria proliferation. Temperature effect on the biosystem behaviour has been pointed out. The results link together the electrochemical potential, the membrane electric potential, the pH gradient through the membrane, and the temperature, with the result of improving the thermodynamic approaches, usually introduced in this topic of research.
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31
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El Kadri H, Costello KM, Thomas P, Wantock T, Sandison G, Harle T, Fabris AL, Gutierrez-Merino J, Velliou EG. The antimicrobial efficacy of remote cold atmospheric plasma effluent against single and mixed bacterial biofilms of varying age. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110126. [PMID: 33641993 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a minimal food processing technology of increasing interest in the food industry, as it is mild in nature compared to traditional methods (e.g. pasteurisation) and thus can maintain the food's desirable qualities. However, due to this mild nature, the potential exists for post-treatment microbial survival and/or stress adaptation. Furthermore, biofilm inactivation by CAP is underexplored and mostly studied on specific foods or on plastic/polymer surfaces. Co-culture effects, biofilm age, and innate biofilm-associated resistance could all impact CAP efficacy, while studies on real foods are limited to the food product investigated without accounting for structural complexity. The effect of a Remote and Enclosed CAP device (Fourth State Medicine Ltd) was investigated on Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua grown as planktonic cells and as single or mixed bacterial biofilms of variable age, on a biphasic viscoelastic food model of controlled rheological and structural complexity. Post-CAP viability was assessed by plate counts, cell sublethal injury was quantified using flow cytometry, and biofilms were characterised and assessed using total protein content and microscopy techniques. A greater impact of CAP on planktonic cells was observed at higher air flow rates, where the ReCAP device operates in a mode more favourable to reactive oxygen species than reactive nitrogen species. Although planktonic E. coli was more susceptible to CAP than planktonic L. innocua, the opposite was observed in biofilm form. The efficacy of CAP was reduced with increasing biofilm age. Furthermore, E. coli produced much higher protein content in both single and mixed biofilms than L. innocua. Consequently, greater survival of L. innocua in mixed biofilms was attributed to a protective effect from E. coli. These results show that biofilm susceptibility to CAP is age and bacteria dependent, and that in mixed biofilms bacteria may become less susceptible to CAP. These findings are of significance to the food industry for the development of effective food decontamination methods using CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani El Kadri
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Katherine M Costello
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Phillip Thomas
- Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Thomas Wantock
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Gavin Sandison
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | - Thomas Harle
- Fourth State Medicine Ltd, Longfield, Fernhurst, Haslemere GU27 3HA, UK
| | | | | | - Eirini G Velliou
- Bioprocess and Biochemical Engineering Group (BioProChem), Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Ramos F, Saraiva A, Raposo A. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry-A Comprehensive Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042014. [PMID: 33669645 PMCID: PMC7922197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, 55142 Apartado, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
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33
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Migiyama Y, Sakata S, Iyama S, Tokunaga K, Saruwatari K, Tomita Y, Saeki S, Okamoto S, Ichiyasu H, Sakagami T. Airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa density in mechanically ventilated patients: clinical impact and relation to therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2021; 25:59. [PMID: 33573691 PMCID: PMC7876981 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background The bacterial density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is closely related to its pathogenicity. We evaluated the effect of airway P. aeruginosa density on the clinical course of mechanically ventilated patients and the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data of mechanically ventilated ICU patients with P. aeruginosa isolated from endotracheal aspirates. Patients were divided into three groups according to the peak P. aeruginosa density during ICU stay: low (≤ 104 cfu/mL), moderate (105‒106 cfu/mL), and high (≥ 107 cfu/mL) peak density groups. The relationship between peak P. aeruginosa density and weaning from mechanical ventilation, risk factors for isolation of high peak density of P. aeruginosa, and antibiotic efficacy were investigated using multivariate and propensity score-matched analyses. Results Four-hundred-and-sixty-one patients were enrolled. Patients with high peak density of P. aeruginosa had higher inflammation and developed more severe respiratory infections. High peak density of P. aeruginosa was independently associated with few ventilator-free days on day 28 (P < 0.01) and increased ICU mortality (P = 0.047). Risk factors for high peak density of P. aeruginosa were prolonged mechanical ventilation (odd ratio [OR] 3.07 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35‒6.97), non-antipseudomonal cephalosporins (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.35‒3.49), hyperglycemia (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.26‒3.22) during ICU stay, and respiratory diseases (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.12‒3.23). Isolation of commensal colonizer was associated with lower risks of high peak density of P. aeruginosa (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26‒0.73). Propensity score-matched analysis revealed that antibiotic therapy for patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis improved weaning from mechanical ventilation only in the high peak P. aeruginosa group. Conclusions Patients with high peak density of P. aeruginosa had worse ventilator outcome and ICU mortality. In patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, antibiotic therapy was associated with favorable ventilator weaning only in the high peak P. aeruginosa density group, and bacterial density could be a good therapeutic indicator for ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis due to P. aeruginosa.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Migiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan. .,Demachi Naika, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Shinya Sakata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Iyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tokunaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Saruwatari
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tomita
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sho Saeki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ichiyasu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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González-López O, Palacios-Nava BB, Peña-Uribe CA, Campos-García J, López-Bucio J, García-Pineda E, Reyes de la Cruz H. Growth promotion in Arabidopsis thaliana by bacterial cyclodipeptides involves the TOR/S6K pathway activation. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 257:153343. [PMID: 33387853 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) are the smallest peptidic molecules that can be produced by diverse organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and animals. They have multiple biological effects. In this paper, we examined the CDPs produced by the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, which are known as opportunistic pathogens of humans and plants on TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) signaling pathways, and regulation of root system architecture. This bacterium produces the bioactive CDPs: cyclo(L-Pro-L-Leu), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Phe), cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Val). In a previous report, these molecules were found to modulate basic cellular programs not only via auxin mechanisms but also by promoting the phosphorylation of the S6 ribosomal protein kinase (S6K), a downstream substrate of the TOR kinase. In the present work, we found that the inoculation of Arabidopsis plants with P. aeruginosa PAO1, the non-pathogenic P. aeruginosa ΔlasI/Δrhll strain (JM2), or by direct exposure of plants to CDPs influenced growth and promoted root branching depending upon the treatment imposed, while genetic evidence using Arabidopsis lines with enhanced or decreased TOR levels indicated a critical role of this pathway in the bacterial phytostimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar González-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed B1, B3, A1', U3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58030, Mexico
| | - Brenda Berenice Palacios-Nava
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed B1, B3, A1', U3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58030, Mexico
| | - César Arturo Peña-Uribe
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed B1, B3, A1', U3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58030, Mexico
| | - Jesús Campos-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed B1, B3, A1', U3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58030, Mexico
| | - José López-Bucio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed B1, B3, A1', U3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58030, Mexico
| | - Ernesto García-Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed B1, B3, A1', U3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58030, Mexico
| | - Homero Reyes de la Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Ed B1, B3, A1', U3, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán, CP 58030, Mexico.
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35
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Mithul Aravind S, Wichienchot S, Tsao R, Ramakrishnan S, Chakkaravarthi S. Role of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota, their metabolites and health benefits. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110189. [PMID: 33773665 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The beneficial health roles of dietary polyphenols in preventing oxidative stress related chronic diseases have been subjected to intense investigation over the last two decades. As our understanding of the role of gut microbiota advances our knowledge of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions of polyphenols accumulates, there emerges a need to examine the prebiotic role of dietary polyphenols. This review focused onthe role of different types and sources of dietary polyphenols on the modulation of the gut microbiota, their metabolites and how they impact on host health benefits. Inter-dependence between the gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites and the vital balance between the two in maintaining the host gut homeostasis were discussed with reference to different types and sources of dietary polyphenols. Similarly, the mechanisms behind the health benefits by various polyphenolic metabolites bio-transformed by gut microbiota were also explained. However, further research should focus on the importance of human trials and profound links of polyphenols-gut microbiota-nerve-brain as they provide the key to unlock the mechanisms behind the observed benefits of dietary polyphenols found in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mithul Aravind
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India
| | - Santad Wichienchot
- Center of Excellence in Functional Food and Gastronomy, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Korhong, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - S Ramakrishnan
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - S Chakkaravarthi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology and Entrepreneurship Management, Haryana, India.
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36
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Tran T, Dawrs SN, Norton GJ, Virdi R, Honda JR. Brought to you courtesy of the red, white, and blue-pigments of nontuberculous mycobacteria. AIMS Microbiol 2020; 6:434-450. [PMID: 33364537 PMCID: PMC7755587 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigments are chromophores naturally synthesized by animals, plants, and microorganisms, as well as produced synthetically for a wide variety of industries such as food, pharmaceuticals, and textiles. Bacteria produce various pigments including melanin, pyocyanin, bacteriochlorophyll, violacein, prodigiosin, and carotenoids that exert diverse biological activities as antioxidants and demonstrate anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antimicrobial properties. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) include over 200 environmental and acid-fast species; some of which can cause opportunistic disease in humans. Early in the study of mycobacteriology, the vast majority of mycobacteria were not known to synthesize pigments, particularly NTM isolates of clinical significance such as the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species. This paper reviews the overall understanding of microbial pigments, their applications, as well as highlights what is currently known about pigments produced by NTM, the circumstances that trigger their production, and their potential roles in NTM survival and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tru Tran
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, Florida, USA
| | - Stephanie N Dawrs
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Grant J Norton
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Ravleen Virdi
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health; Department of Immunology and Genomic Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
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Han F, He X, Chen W, Gai H, Bai X, He Y, Takeshima K, Ohwada T, Wei M, Xie F. Involvement of a Novel TetR-Like Regulator (BdtR) of Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens in the Efflux of Isoflavonoid Genistein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:1411-1423. [PMID: 32924759 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-20-0243-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of leguminous plant-released (iso)flavonoids, such as genistein, are potential inducers of the nodulation (nod) genes of endosymbiotic rhizobia for the production of Nod factors, which are vital signaling molecules for triggering the symbiotic process. However, these (iso)flavonoids are generally thought to be toxic to the bacterial partner to varying degrees. Here, a novel TetR-like regulator gene of the soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110, bdtR (systematic designation blr7023), was characterized. It was found to be rapidly and preferentially induced by genistein, and its mutation resulted in significantly increased expression of the neighboring bll7019-bll7021 genes, encoding a multidrug resistance efflux pump system, in the absence of this isoflavonoid. Then, the transcriptional start site of BdtR was determined, and it was revealed that BdtR acted as a transcriptional repressor of the above efflux system through the binding of an AT-rich operator, which could be completely prevented by genistein. In addition, the ΔbdtR deletion mutant strain showed higher accumulation of extracellular genistein and became less susceptible to the isoflavonoid. In contrast, the inactivation of BdtR led to the significantly decreased induction of a nodulation gene (nodY) independent of the expression of nodD1 and nodW and to much weaker nodulation competitiveness. Taken together, the results show that BdtR plays an early sensing role in maintaining the intracellular homeostasis of genistein, helping to alleviate its toxic effect on this bacterium by negatively regulating neighboring genes encoding an efflux pump system while being essentially required for nodule occupancy competitiveness.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xueqian He
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haoyu Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xuemei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Keisuke Takeshima
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Takuji Ohwada
- Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Min Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, No. 222, South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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38
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Afonso TB, Simões LC, Lima N. Occurrence of filamentous fungi in drinking water: their role on fungal-bacterial biofilm formation. Res Microbiol 2020; 172:103791. [PMID: 33197515 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Water is indispensable to life and safe and accessible supply must be available to all. The presence of microorganisms is a threat to this commitment. Biofilms are the main reservoir of microorganisms inside water distribution systems and they are extremely ecologically diverse. Filamentous fungi and bacteria can coexist inside these systems forming inter-kingdom biofilms. This review has the goal of summarizing the most relevant and recent reports on the occurrence of filamentous fungi in water distribution systems along with the current knowledge and gaps about filamentous fungal biofilm formation. Special focus is given on fungal-bacterial interactions in water biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelson Lima
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
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39
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Li Y, Tan L, Guo L, Zhang P, Malakar PK, Ahmed F, Liu H, Wang JJ, Zhao Y. Acidic electrolyzed water more effectively breaks down mature Vibrio parahaemolyticus biofilm than DNase I. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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40
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Structure-activity relationships of furanones, dihydropyrrolones and thiophenones as potential quorum sensing inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1925-1943. [PMID: 33094640 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their initial isolation from the marine alga Delisea pulchra, bromofuranones have been investigated as potential inhibitors of quorum sensing (QS) in various bacterial strains. QS is an important mechanism by which bacteria co-ordinate their molecular response to the environment. QS is intrinsically linked to bacterial antibiotic resistance. Inspired by nature, chemists have developed a wide variety of synthetic analogs in an effort to elucidate the structure-activity relationships of these compounds, and to ultimately develop novel antimicrobial agents. In this work, we describe advances in this field while paying particular attention to apparent structure-activity relationships. This review is organized according to the main ring systems under investigation, namely furanones, dihydropyrrolones and thiophenones.
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41
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Guzman JPMD, De las Alas TPL, Lucban MC, Sevilla CEC. Green tea ( Camellia sinensis) extract inhibits biofilm formation in acyl homoserine lactone-producing, antibiotic-resistant Morganella morganii isolated from Pasig River, Philippines. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05284. [PMID: 33134581 PMCID: PMC7586116 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The drastic development of urban districts around the world has caused changes in the environment, specifically on metropolitan waterways such as the Pasig River in the Philippines. These significant changes resulted in diversity of microorganisms and their mechanisms employed such as antibiotic resistance and their communication system or quorum sensing (QS). In this study, four bacterial isolates from Pasig River, identified as Aeromonas salmonicida, Acinetobacter sp., Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter freundii, were observed to employ short-chain acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) as their signalling molecule based on in vitro assays using the biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026. Furthermore, M. morganii isolate was shown to be resistant to chloramphenicol. This poses a significant threat not just to public health but also to the aquatic life present in the river. Thus, green tea (Camellia sinensis) extract was tested for its capability to inhibit in vitro biofilm formation in M. morganii, as well as the short-chain acyl homoserine lactone QS system using C. violaceum ATCC 12472. Results showed that the extract significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited biofilm formation in M. morganii at as low as 62.5 μg/mL (31.55%). Increasing the concentration (500 μg/mL) did not significantly (p > 0.05) enhance the activity (41.21%). Furthermore, the extract also inhibited pigmentation in C. violaceum ATCC 12472, suggesting QS inhibition. This study adds into record the production of short-chain AHLs by Aeromonas salmonicida, Acinetobacter sp., Morganella morganii, and Citrobacter freundii, as well as the potential of green tea extract as inhibitor of biofilm formation in antibiotic-resistant M. morganii possibly through QS inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Paul Matthew D. Guzman
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Environment and Biotechnology Division, Industrial Technology Development Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines
| | - Trisha Pamela L. De las Alas
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Globetek Science Foundation, Inc., Makati City, Philippines
| | - Margie C. Lucban
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Christine Eden C. Sevilla
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
- Service Laboratory, Food and Nutrition Research Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Taguig City, Philippines
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Afonso TB, Simões LC, Lima N. Effect of quorum sensing and quenching molecules on inter-kingdom biofilm formation by Penicillium expansum and bacteria. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:965-976. [PMID: 33078624 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1836162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ecology of a biofilm is a complex function of different factors, including the presence of microbial metabolites excreted by the inhabitants of the biofilm. This study aimed to assess the effect of patulin, and N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C12-HSL) on inter-kingdom biofilm formation between a filamentous fungus and bacteria isolated from drinking water. The filamentous fungus Penicillium expansum and the bacteria Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Methylobacterium oryzae were used as model species. M. oryzae biofilm formation and development was more susceptible to the presence of the quenching molecules than A. calcoaceticus biofilms. Patulin reduced M. oryzae biofilm growth while 3-oxo-C12-HSL caused an increase after 48 h. The presence of P. expansum had a detrimental effect on M. oryzae cell numbers, while an advantageous effect was observed with A. calcoaceticus. The overall results reveal that quorum sensing and quenching molecules have a significant effect on inter-kingdom biofilm formation, especially on bacterial numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nelson Lima
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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43
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Khan F, Javaid A, Kim YM. Functional Diversity of Quorum Sensing Receptors in Pathogenic Bacteria: Interspecies, Intraspecies and Interkingdom Level. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:655-667. [PMID: 30468123 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181123123333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The formation of biofilm by pathogenic bacteria is considered as one of the most powerful mechanisms/modes of resistance against the action of several antibiotics. Biofilm is formed as a structural adherent over the surfaces of host, food and equipments etc. and is further functionally coordinated by certain chemicals produced itself. These chemicals are known as quorum sensing (QS) signaling molecules and are involved in the cross talk at interspecies, intraspecies and interkingdom levels thus resulting in the production of virulence factors leading to pathogenesis. Bacteria possess receptors to sense these chemicals, which interact with the incoming QS molecules. It is followed by the secretion of virulence molecules, regulation of bioluminescence, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance development and motility behavioral responses. In the natural environment, different bacterial species (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) produce QS signaling molecules that are structurally and functionally different. Recent and past research shows that various antagonistic molecules (naturally and chemically synthesized) are characterized to inhibit the formation of biofilm and attenuation of bacterial virulence by blocking the QS receptors. This review article describes about the diverse QS receptors at their structural, functional and production levels. Thus, by blocking these receptors with inhibitory molecules can be a potential therapeutic approach to control pathogenesis. Furthermore, these receptors can also be used as a structural platform to screen the most potent inhibitors with the help of bioinformatics approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlurrahman Khan
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P, India
| | - Aqib Javaid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201306, U.P, India
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Marine-Integrated Bionics Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, South Korea
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Singh AA, Singh AK, Nerurkar A. Bacteria associated with marine macroorganisms as potential source of quorum-sensing antagonists. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:799-808. [PMID: 32598075 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Samples were collected from different undisturbed areas along the coast of Gujarat like Okha, Diu, Veraval, and Somnath. A total of 68 marine isolates were obtained out of which 53 were associated with various marine macroorganisms like sponges, gastropods, and algae, whereas 15 were free living. Quorum-quenching ability of all the isolates was tested against Chromobacterium violaceum MK by co-culture technique as a way to simultaneously detect signal-degrading as well as nondegrading quorum-sensing inhibitors. Nineteen macroorganism-associated bacteria and eight free-living bacteria were found to possess quorum-sensing inhibitory activity against C. violaceum MK without affecting its growth. Isolate OA22 from grape alga and OA10 from purple sponge (Haliclona sp.) were found to possess the highest C6-HSL degradation activity and extracellular non-N-acyl-homoserine lactone degrading QSI activity, respectively. OA22 was also found to degrade 3-oxo-C12 homoserine lactone. Acid recovery of both the C6- and C12-HSL after degradation by OA22 indicated the presence of lactonase enzyme in the isolate. Cell-free supernatant of OA10 was extracted with ethyl acetate to obtain the quorum-quenching compound. Pigment inhibition in C. violaceum MK treated with OA10 extract was demonstrated in various ways and was indicative of QSI activity of the extract without degradation of the quorum-sensing signaling molecule. The isolates OA22 and OA10 were identified as Desemzia incerta and Bacillus sp., respectively, by 16S ribosomal DNA sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna A Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.,Department of Microbiology, School of Sciences, P. P. Savani University, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Anil K Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Government Science College, Vankal, Surat, Gujarat, India
| | - Anuradha Nerurkar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Veliz-Vallejos DF, Kawasaki A, Mathesius U. The Presence of Plant-Associated Bacteria Alters Responses to N-acyl Homoserine Lactone Quorum Sensing Signals that Modulate Nodulation in Medicago Truncatula. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060777. [PMID: 32580337 PMCID: PMC7357121 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria use quorum sensing signaling for cell-to-cell communication, which is also important for their interactions with plant hosts. Quorum sensing via N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) is important for successful symbioses between legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Previous studies have shown that plant hosts can recognize and respond to AHLs. Here, we tested whether the response of the model legume Medicago truncatula to AHLs from its symbiont and other bacteria could be modulated by the abundance and composition of plant-associated microbial communities. Temporary antibiotic treatment of the seeds removed the majority of bacterial taxa associated with M. truncatula roots and significantly altered the effect of AHLs on nodule numbers, but lateral root density, biomass, and root length responses were much less affected. The AHL 3-oxo-C14-HSL (homoserine lactone) specifically increased nodule numbers but only after the treatment of seeds with antibiotics. This increase was associated with increased expression of the early nodulation genes RIP1 and ENOD11 at 24 h after infection. A 454 pyrosequencing analysis of the plant-associated bacteria showed that antibiotic treatment had the biggest effect on bacterial community composition. However, we also found distinct effects of 3-oxo-C14-HSL on the abundance of specific bacterial taxa. Our results revealed a complex interaction between plants and their associated microbiome that could modify plant responses to AHLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora F. Veliz-Vallejos
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (D.F.V.-V.); (A.K.)
| | - Akitomo Kawasaki
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (D.F.V.-V.); (A.K.)
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Ulrike Mathesius
- Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (D.F.V.-V.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6125-2840
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Covalently and ionically, dually crosslinked chitosan nanoparticles block quorum sensing and affect bacterial cell growth on a cell-density dependent manner. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:171-183. [PMID: 32526521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In our efforts to improve the quality and stability of chitosan nanoparticles (NPs), we describe here a new type of chitosan NPs dually crosslinked with genipin and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) that display quorum quenching activity. These NPs were created using a simplified and robust procedure that resulted in improved physicochemical properties and enhanced stability. This procedure involves the covalent crosslinking of chitosan with genipin, followed by the formation of chitosan NPs by ionic gelation with TPP. We have optimized the conditions to obtain genipin pre-crosslinked nanoparticles (PC-NPs) with positive ς-potential (~ +30 mV), small diameter (~130 nm), and low size distributions (PdI = 0.1-0.2). PC-NPs present physicochemical properties that are comparable to those of other dually crosslinked chitosan NPs fabricated with different protocols. In contrast to previously characterized NPs, however, we found that PC-NPs strongly reduce the acyl homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated quorum sensing response of an Escherichia coli fluorescent biosensor. Thus, PC-NPs combine, in a single design, the stability of dually crosslinked chitosan NPs and the quorum quenching activity of ionically crosslinked NPs. Similar to other chitosan NPs, the mode of action of PC-NPs is consistent with the existence of a "stoichiometric ratio" of NP/bacterium, at which the positive charge of the NPs counteracts the negative ς-potential of the bacterial envelope. Notably, we found that the time of the establishment of the "stoichiometric ratio" is a function of the NP concentration, implying that these NPs could be ideal for applications aiming to target of bacterial populations at specific cell densities. We are confident that our PC-NPs are up-and-coming candidates for the design of efficient anti-quorum sensing and a new generation antimicrobial strategies.
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Saurav K, Borbone N, Burgsdorf I, Teta R, Caso A, Bar-Shalom R, Esposito G, Britstein M, Steindler L, Costantino V. Identification of Quorum Sensing Activators and Inhibitors in The Marine Sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18020127. [PMID: 32093216 PMCID: PMC7074164 DOI: 10.3390/md18020127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponges, a well-documented prolific source of natural products, harbor highly diverse microbial communities. Their extracts were previously shown to contain quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules of the N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) type, known to orchestrate bacterial gene regulation. Some bacteria and eukaryotic organisms are known to produce molecules that can interfere with QS signaling, thus affecting microbial genetic regulation and function. In the present study, we established the production of both QS signal molecules as well as QS inhibitory (QSI) molecules in the sponge species Sarcotragus spinosulus. A total of eighteen saturated acyl chain AHLs were identified along with six unsaturated acyl chain AHLs. Bioassay-guided purification led to the isolation of two brominated metabolites with QSI activity. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by comparative spectral analysis of 1HNMR and HR-MS data and were identified as 3-bromo-4-methoxyphenethylamine (1) and 5,6-dibromo-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (2). The QSI activity of compounds 1 and 2 was evaluated using reporter gene assays for long- and short-chain AHL signals (Escherichia coli pSB1075 and E. coli pSB401, respectively). QSI activity was further confirmed by measuring dose-dependent inhibition of proteolytic activity and pyocyanin production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. The obtained results show the coexistence of QS and QSI in S. spinosulus, a complex signal network that may mediate the orchestrated function of the microbiome within the sponge holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Saurav
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel 31905, Haifa, Israel; (K.S.); (I.B.); (R.B.-S.); (M.B.); (L.S.)
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; (N.B.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (G.E.)
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology-Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovickýmlýn, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Nicola Borbone
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; (N.B.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Ilia Burgsdorf
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel 31905, Haifa, Israel; (K.S.); (I.B.); (R.B.-S.); (M.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Roberta Teta
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; (N.B.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Alessia Caso
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; (N.B.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Rinat Bar-Shalom
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel 31905, Haifa, Israel; (K.S.); (I.B.); (R.B.-S.); (M.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Germana Esposito
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; (N.B.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (G.E.)
| | - Maya Britstein
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel 31905, Haifa, Israel; (K.S.); (I.B.); (R.B.-S.); (M.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Steindler
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel 31905, Haifa, Israel; (K.S.); (I.B.); (R.B.-S.); (M.B.); (L.S.)
| | - Valeria Costantino
- The Blue Chemistry Lab, Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy; (N.B.); (R.T.); (A.C.); (G.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-678-504
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Welcome MO. The bitterness of genitourinary infections: Properties, ligands of genitourinary bitter taste receptors and mechanisms linking taste sensing to inflammatory processes in the genitourinary tract. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 247:101-110. [PMID: 32088528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Though, first identified in the gastrointestinal tract, bitter taste receptors are now believed to be ubiquitously expressed in several regions of the body, including the respiratory tract, where they play a critical role in sensing and clearance of excess metabolic substrates, toxins, debris, and pathogens. More recently, bitter taste receptor expression has been reported in cells, tissues and organs of the genitourinary (GU) system, suggesting that these receptors may play an integral role in mediating inflammatory responses to microbial aggression in the GU tract. However, the mechanisms, linking bitter taste receptor sensing with inflammatory responses are not exactly clear. Here, I review recent data on the properties and ligands of bitter taste receptors and suggest mechanisms of bitter taste receptor signaling in the GU tract, and the molecular pathways that link taste sensing to inflammatory responses in GU tract. METHOD Computer-aided search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar for relevant peer-reviewed articles published between 1990 and 2018, investigating the functional implication of bitter taste receptors in GU infections, using the following keywords: extra-oral bitter taste receptors, bitter taste receptors, GU bitter taste receptors, kidney OR renal OR ureteral OR urethral OR bladder OR detrusor smooth muscle OR testes OR spermatozoa OR prostate OR vaginal OR cervix OR ovarian OR endometrial OR myometrial OR placenta OR cutaneous bitter taste receptors. To identify research gaps on etiopathogenesis of GU infections/inflammation, additional search was conducted using the following keywords: GU inflammatory signaling, GU microbes, GU bacteria, GU virus, GU protozoa, GU microbial metabolites, and GU infection. The retrieved articles were filtered and further screened for relevance according to the aim of the study. A narrative review was performed for selected literatures. RESULTS Bitter taste receptors of the GU tract may constitute essential components of the pathogenetic mechanisms of GU infections/inflammation that are activated by microbial components, known as quorum sensing signal molecules. Based on accumulating evidences, indicating that taste receptors may signal downstream to activate inflammatory cascades, in addition to the nitric oxide-induced microbicidal effects produced upon taste receptor activation, it is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activities of bitter taste receptor stimulation are mediated via pathways involving the nuclear factor κB by downstream signaling of the metabolic and stress sensors, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (sirtuin 1), resulting to the synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, and antimicrobial factors, which ultimately, under normal conditions, leads to the elimination of microbial aggression. CONCLUSIONS GU bitter taste receptors may represent critical players in GU tract infections/inflammation. Bitter taste receptors may serve as important therapeutic target for treatment of a number of infectious diseases that affect the GU tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menizibeya O Welcome
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria.
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Chin YK, Ina-Salwany MY, Zamri-Saad M, Amal MNA, Mohamad A, Lee JY, Annas S, Al-Saari N. Effects of skin abrasion in immersion challenge with Vibrio harveyi in Asian seabass Lates calcarifer fingerlings. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 137:167-173. [PMID: 31942862 DOI: 10.3354/dao03435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Skin abrasions often occur in farmed fish following handling by labourers, injury by farm facilities, cannibalism and ectoparasites. Vibrio spp. are opportunistic pathogens that can invade host fish through damaged tissues and cause outbreaks of vibriosis. This study describes the effect of skin abrasions on the infectivity of V. harveyi using Asian seabass Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1790) fingerlings as a case example and compares bacterial load and fish survival following immersion challenge with different doses. In total, 315 fish (6.67 ± 1.8 g) were divided into 3 treatments: skin abrasion followed by immersion infection, immersion infection only and an uninfected, uninjured control. Fish in the infection treatments were divided into 3 subgroups and exposed in triplicate to a 7 d immersion challenge with 106, 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 of live V. harveyi. No mortalities were observed in the control and immersion infection groups. However, fish in the skin abrasion treatment group that were infected with 108 CFU ml-1 of live V. harveyi showed signs of progressing disease throughout the experiment, which resulted in mortalities. Significantly higher bacterial loads (p < 0.05) were recorded in the intestine, liver and gills of the fish in this group. Fish in the skin abrasion treatment that were exposed to 107 and 108 CFU ml-1 of V. harveyi showed 100% mortality by Days 5 and 4, respectively. These findings confirm that skin injuries increase the susceptibility of seabass fingerlings to V. harveyi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Chin
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology (MARSLAB), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hamidi S, Tüfekci EF, Demirbaş N, Ünver Y, Kılıç AO. Bazı Sefalosporanik Asit, Siprofloksasin, Norfloksasin ve Penicillanik Asit Türevlerinin Antimikrobiyal ve Anti-Quorum Sensing Özelliklerinin Araştırılması. KOCAELI ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.604829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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