1
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Singh B, Jaiswal S, Kodgire P. Outer membrane proteins and vesicles as promising vaccine candidates against Vibrio spp. infections. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:417-433. [PMID: 37272649 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2023.2212072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has brought unmanageable antibiotic-resistant strains into existence. Vibrio spp. represents one such gram-negative enteric pathogenic group with more than 100 species, infecting humans and fish. The Vibrio spp. is demarcated into two groups, one that causes cholera and the other producing non-cholera or vibriosis infections. People who encounter contaminated water are at risk, but young children and pregnant women are the most vulnerable. Though controllable, Vibrio infection still necessitates the development of preventative measures, such as vaccinations, that can lessen the severity of the infection and reduce reliance on antibiotic use. With emerging multi-drug resistant strains, efforts are needed to develop newer vaccines, such as subunit-based or outer membrane vesicle-based. Thus, this review strives to bring together available information about Vibrio spp. outer membrane proteins and vesicles, encompassing their structure, function, and immunoprotective role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijeshwar Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Surbhi Jaiswal
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
| | - Prashant Kodgire
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Indore, India
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2
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Naknaen A, Surachat K, Manit J, Jetwanna KWN, Thawonsuwan J, Pomwised R. Virulent properties and genomic diversity of Vibrio vulnificus isolated from environment, human, diseased fish. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0007924. [PMID: 38860819 PMCID: PMC11218479 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00079-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Vibrio vulnificus infections, with high mortality rates in humans and aquatic animals, has escalated, highlighting a significant public health challenge. Currently, reliable markers to identify strains with high virulence potential are lacking, and the understanding of evolutionary drivers behind the emergence of pathogenic strains is limited. In this study, we analyzed the distribution of virulent genotypes and phenotypes to discern the infectious potential of V. vulnificus strains isolated from three distinct sources. Most isolates, traditionally classified as biotype 1, possessed the virulence-correlated gene-C type. Environmental isolates predominantly exhibited YJ-like alleles, while clinical and diseased fish isolates were significantly associated with the nanA gene and pathogenicity region XII. Hemolytic activity was primarily observed in the culture supernatants of clinical and diseased fish isolates. Genetic relationships, as determined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis, suggested that strains originating from the same source tended to cluster together. However, multilocus sequence typing revealed considerable genetic diversity across clusters and sources. A phylogenetic analysis using single nucleotide polymorphisms of diseased fish strains alongside publicly available genomes demonstrated a high degree of evolutionary relatedness within and across different isolation sources. Notably, our findings reveal no direct correlation between phylogenetic patterns, isolation sources, and virulence capabilities. This underscores the necessity for proactive risk management strategies to address pathogenic V. vulnificus strains emerging from environmental reservoirs.IMPORTANCEAs the global incidence of Vibrio vulnificus infections rises, impacting human health and marine aquacultures, understanding the pathogenicity of environmental strains remains critical yet underexplored. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the virulence potential and genetic relatedness of V. vulnificus strains, focusing on environmental origins. We conduct an extensive genotypic analysis and phenotypic assessment, including virulence testing in a wax moth model. Our findings aim to uncover genetic and evolutionary factors that drive pathogenic strain emergence in the environment. This research advances our ability to identify reliable virulence markers and understand the distribution of pathogenic strains, offering significant insights for public health and environmental risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ampapan Naknaen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Komwit Surachat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jutamas Manit
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | | | - Jumroensri Thawonsuwan
- Department of Fisheries, Aquatic Animal Health Research and Development Division, Songkhla Aquatic Animal Health Research Center, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rattanaruji Pomwised
- Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand
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3
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Puente‐Sánchez F, Macías‐Pérez LA, Campbell KL, Royo‐Llonch M, Balagué V, Sánchez P, Tamames J, Mundy CJ, Pedrós‐Alió C. Bacterioplankton taxa compete for iron along the early spring-summer transition in the Arctic Ocean. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11546. [PMID: 38895568 PMCID: PMC11183961 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbial assemblages under the sea ice of the Dease Strait, Canadian Arctic, were sequenced for metagenomes of a small size fraction (0.2-3 μm). The community from early March was typical for this season, with Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria as the dominant taxa, followed by Thaumarchaeota and Bacteroidetes. Toward summer, Bacteroidetes, and particularly the genus Polaribacter, became increasingly dominant, followed by the Gammaproteobacteria. Analysis of genes responsible for microbial acquisition of iron showed an abundance of ABC transporters for divalent cations and ferrous iron. The most abundant transporters, however, were the outer membrane TonB-dependent transporters of iron-siderophore complexes. The abundance of iron acquisition genes suggested this element was essential for the microbial assemblage. Interestingly, Gammaproteobacteria were responsible for most of the siderophore synthesis genes. On the contrary, Bacteroidetes did not synthesize siderophores but accounted for most of the transporters, suggesting a role as cheaters in the competition for siderophores as public goods. This cheating ability of the Bacteroidetes may have contributed to their dominance in the summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Puente‐Sánchez
- Department of Systems BiologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSICMadridSpain
- Microbial Ecology Division, Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
- Present address:
Department of Aquatic Sciences and AssessmentSwedish University for Agricultural Sciences (SLU)UppsalaSweden
| | - Luis Alberto Macías‐Pérez
- Department of Systems BiologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSICMadridSpain
- Present address:
Department of Evolutionary and Integrative EcologyLeibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB)BerlinGermany
| | - Karley L. Campbell
- UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Present address:
UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Marta Royo‐Llonch
- Department of Marine Biology and OceanographyInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSICBarcelonaSpain
| | - Vanessa Balagué
- Department of Marine Biology and OceanographyInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSICBarcelonaSpain
| | - Pablo Sánchez
- Department of Marine Biology and OceanographyInstitut de Ciències del Mar, CSICBarcelonaSpain
| | - Javier Tamames
- Department of Systems BiologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSICMadridSpain
| | | | - Carlos Pedrós‐Alió
- Department of Systems BiologyCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSICMadridSpain
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4
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Lu P, Jiang J, Liu C, Okuda S, Itoh H, Okamoto K, Suzuki M, Nagata K. Molecular mechanism of Fe 3+ binding inhibition to Vibrio metschnikovii ferric ion-binding protein, FbpA, by rosmarinic acid and its hydrolysate, danshensu. Protein Sci 2024; 33:e4881. [PMID: 38143427 PMCID: PMC10804667 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Global warming has increased the growth of pathogenic Vibrio bacteria, which can cause foodborne illnesses and death. Vibrio bacteria require iron for growth and survival. They utilize a ferric ion-binding protein (FbpA) to bind and transport Fe3+ into the cell. FbpA from Vibrio metschnikovii (Vm) is a potential target for inhibiting its growth. Rosmarinic acid (RA) can block the binding of VmFbpA to Fe3+ ; however, the molecular mechanism of Fe3+ binding and RA inhibition to VmFbpA is unclear. In this study, we used x-ray crystallography to determine the Fe3+ -binding mode of VmFbpA and the mechanism of RA inhibition. The structures revealed that in the Fe3+ bound form, Fe3+ was coordinated to VmFbpA by two Tyr residues, two HCO3 - ions, and two water molecules in a six-coordinated geometry. In contrast, in the inhibitor bound form, RA was initially bound to VmFbpA following gel filtration purification, but it was hydrolyzed to danshensu (DSS), which occupied the binding site as shown in an electron density map and reverse phase chromatography (RPC) analysis. Both RA and DSS exhibited a stronger binding affinity to VmFbpA, higher Fe3+ reduction capacity, and more potent bacteriostatic effect on V. metschnikovii compared with caffeic acid (CA), another hydrolysis product of RA. These results provide insight into the mechanism of iron acquisition by V. metschnikovii and inhibition by RA and DSS. Our findings offer clues on the development of effective strategies to prevent Vibrio infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Jinyan Jiang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
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5
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Ong A, O’Brian MR. The Bradyrhizobium japonicum exporter ExsFGH is involved in efflux of ferric xenosiderophores from the periplasm. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296306. [PMID: 38166112 PMCID: PMC10760861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum can take up structurally dissimilar ferric siderophores from the environment (xenosiderophores) to meet its nutritional iron requirements. Siderophore-bound iron transported into the periplasm is reduced to the ferrous form by FsrB, dissociated from the siderophore and the free ion is then transported into the cytoplasm by the ferrous iron transporter FeoAB. Here, we identified the RND family exporter genes exsFG and exsH in a selection for secondary site suppressor mutants that restore growth of an fsrB mutant on the siderophores ferrichrome or ferrioxamine. The low level of radiolabel accumulation from 55Fe-labeled ferrichrome or ferrioxamine observed in the fsrB mutant was restored to wild type levels in the fsrB exsG mutant. Moreover, the exsG mutant accumulated more radiolabel from the 55Fe-labeled siderophores than the wild type, but radiolabel accumulation from inorganic 55Fe was similar in the two strains. Thus, ExsFGH exports siderophore-bound iron, but not inorganic iron. The rescued fsrB exsG mutant required feoB for growth, indicating that ExsFGH acts on those siderophores in the periplasm. The exsG mutant was more sensitive to the siderophore antibiotic albomycin than the wild type, whereas the fsrB mutant was more resistant. This suggests ExsFGH normally exports ferrated albomycin. B. japonicum is naturally resistant to many antibiotics. The exsG strain was very sensitive to tetracycline, but not to six other antibiotics tested. We conclude that ExsFGH is a broad substrate exporter that is needed to maintain siderophore homeostasis in the periplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasteir Ong
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark R. O’Brian
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
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6
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Miyamoto K. [New Drug Discovery Targeting Iron in Bacterial Infectious Diseases]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2024; 144:633-641. [PMID: 38825472 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.23-00197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Iron is necessary for all living organisms, and bacteria that cause infections in human hosts also need ferrous ions for their growth and proliferation. In the human body, most ferric ions (Fe3+) are tightly bound to iron-binding proteins such as hemoglobin, transferrin, lactoferrin, and ferritin. Pathogenic bacteria express highly specific iron uptake systems, including siderophores and specific receptors. Most bacteria secrete siderophores, which are low-molecular weight metal-chelating agents, to capture Fe3+ outside cell. Siderophores are mainly classified as either catecholate or hydroxamate. Vibrio vulnificus, a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, is responsible for serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, V. vulnificus M2799, secretes a catecholate siderophore, vulnibactin, that captures ferric ions from the environment. In our study, we generated deletion mutants of the genes encoding proteins involved in the vulnibactin mediated iron-utilization system, such as ferric-vulnibactin receptor protein (VuuA), periplasmic ferric-vulnibactin binding protein (FatB), ferric-vulnibactin reductase (VuuB), and isochorismate synthase (ICS). ICS and VuuA are required under low-iron conditions for ferric-utilization in M2799, but the alternative proteins FatB and VuuB can function as a periplasmic binding protein and a ferric-chelate reductase, respectively. VatD, which functions as ferric-hydroxamate siderophores periplasmic binding protein, was shown to participate in the ferric-vulnibactin uptake system in the absence of FatB. Furthermore, the ferric-hydroxamate siderophore reductase IutB was observed to participate in ferric-vulnibactin reduction in the absence of VuuB. We propose that ferric-siderophore periplasmic binding proteins and ferric-chelate reductases represent potential targets for drug discovery in the context of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsushiro Miyamoto
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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7
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Naka H, Haygood MG. The dual role of TonB genes in turnerbactin uptake and carbohydrate utilization in the shipworm symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0074423. [PMID: 38009998 PMCID: PMC10734418 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00744-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study highlights diversity in iron acquisition and regulation in bacteria. The mechanisms of iron acquisition and its regulation in Teredinibacter turnerae, as well as its connection to cellulose utilization, a hallmark phenotype of T. turnerae, expand the paradigm of bacterial iron acquisition. Two of the four TonB genes identified in T. turnerae exhibit functional redundancy and play a crucial role in siderophore-mediated iron transport. Unlike typical TonB genes in bacteria, none of the TonB genes in T. turnerae are clearly iron regulated. This unusual regulation could be explained by another important finding in this study, namely, that the two TonB genes involved in iron transport are also essential for cellulose utilization as a carbon source, leading to the expression of TonB genes even under iron-rich conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Naka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Margo G. Haygood
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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8
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Norfolk WA, Shue C, Henderson WM, Glinski DA, Lipp EK. Vibrio alginolyticus growth kinetics and the metabolic effects of iron. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0268023. [PMID: 37966200 PMCID: PMC10714744 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02680-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Transmission of V. alginolyticus occurs opportunistically through direct seawater exposure and is a function of its abundance in the environment. Like other Vibrio spp., V. alginolyticus are considered conditionally rare taxa in marine waters, with populations capable of forming large, short-lived blooms under specific environmental conditions, which remain poorly defined. Prior research has established the importance of temperature and salinity as the major determinants of Vibrio geographical and temporal range. However, bloom formation can be strongly influenced by other factors that may be more episodic and localized, such as changes in iron availability. Here we confirm the broad temperature and salinity tolerance of V. alginolyticus and demonstrate the importance of iron supplementation as a key factor for growth in the absence of thermal or osmotic stress. The results of this research highlight the importance of episodic iron input as a crucial metric to consider for the assessment of V. alginolyticus risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A. Norfolk
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Charlyn Shue
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - W. Matthew Henderson
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Donna A. Glinski
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Erin K. Lipp
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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9
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Hoque MM, Noorian P, Espinoza-Vergara G, Adhikary S, To J, Rice SA, McDougald D. Increased iron utilization and oxidative stress tolerance in a Vibrio cholerae flrA mutant confers resistance to amoeba predation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0109523. [PMID: 37882527 PMCID: PMC10686080 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01095-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Persistence of V. cholerae in the aquatic environment contributes to the fatal diarrheal disease cholera, which remains a global health burden. In the environment, bacteria face predation pressure by heterotrophic protists such as the free-living amoeba A. castellanii. This study explores how a mutant of V. cholerae adapts to acquire essential nutrients and survive predation. Here, we observed that up-regulation of iron acquisition genes and genes regulating resistance to oxidative stress enhances pathogen fitness. Our data show that V. cholerae can defend predation to overcome nutrient limitation and oxidative stress, resulting in an enhanced survival inside the protozoan hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Mozammel Hoque
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Parisa Noorian
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gustavo Espinoza-Vergara
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Srijon Adhikary
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joyce To
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott A. Rice
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Diane McDougald
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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10
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Wiesmann CL, Wang NR, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Haney CH. Origins of symbiosis: shared mechanisms underlying microbial pathogenesis, commensalism and mutualism of plants and animals. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2023; 47:fuac048. [PMID: 36521845 PMCID: PMC10719066 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the outcome of symbiosis, whether it is pathogenic, mutualistic or commensal, bacteria must first colonize their hosts. Intriguingly, closely related bacteria that colonize diverse hosts with diverse outcomes of symbiosis have conserved host-association and virulence factors. This review describes commonalities in the process of becoming host associated amongst bacteria with diverse lifestyles. Whether a pathogen, commensal or mutualist, bacteria must sense the presence of and migrate towards a host, compete for space and nutrients with other microbes, evade the host immune system, and change their physiology to enable long-term host association. We primarily focus on well-studied taxa, such as Pseudomonas, that associate with diverse model plant and animal hosts, with far-ranging symbiotic outcomes. Given the importance of opportunistic pathogens and chronic infections in both human health and agriculture, understanding the mechanisms that facilitate symbiotic relationships between bacteria and their hosts will help inform the development of disease treatments for both humans, and the plants we eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Wiesmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nicole R Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zhexian Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cara H Haney
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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11
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Zhang R, Debeljak P, Blain S, Obernosterer I. Seasonal shifts in Fe-acquisition strategies in Southern Ocean microbial communities revealed by metagenomics and autonomous sampling. Environ Microbiol 2023; 25:1816-1829. [PMID: 37157891 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron (Fe) governs the cycling of organic carbon in large parts of the Southern Ocean. The strategies of diverse microbes to acquire the different chemical forms of Fe under seasonally changing organic carbon regimes remain, however, poorly understood. Here, we report high-resolution seasonal metagenomic observations from the region off Kerguelen Island (Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean) where natural Fe-fertilization induces consecutive spring and summer phytoplankton blooms. Our data illustrate pronounced, but distinct seasonal patterns in the abundance of genes implicated in the transport of different forms of Fe and organic substrates, of siderophore biosynthesis and carbohydrate-active enzymes. The seasonal dynamics suggest a temporal decoupling in the prokaryotic requirements of Fe and organic carbon during the spring phytoplankton bloom and a concerted access to these resources after the summer bloom. Taxonomic assignments revealed differences in the prokaryotic groups harbouring genes of a given Fe-related category and pronounced seasonal successions were observed. Using MAGs we could decipher the respective Fe- and organic substrate-related genes of individual taxa assigned to abundant groups. The ecological strategies related to Fe-acquisition provide insights on how this element could shape microbial community composition with potential implications on organic matter transformations in the Southern Ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, LOMIC, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pavla Debeljak
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire, Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Paris, France
- SupBiotech, Villejuif, France
| | - Stephane Blain
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, LOMIC, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Ingrid Obernosterer
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne, LOMIC, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
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12
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Yang H, Song H, Zhang J, Li W, Han Q, Zhang W. Proteomic analysis reveals the adaptation of Vibrio splendidus to an iron deprivation condition. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:2533-2546. [PMID: 36922441 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio splendidus is a ubiquitous Gram-negative marine bacterium that causes diseases within a wide range of marine cultured animals. Since iron deprivation is the frequent situation that the bacteria usually encounter, we aimed to explore the effect of iron deprivation on the proteomic profile of V. splendidus in the present study. There were 425 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) responded to the iron deprivation condition. When the cells were grown under iron deprivation condition, the oxidation‒reduction processes, single-organism metabolic processes, the catalytic activity, and binding activity were downregulated, while the transport process, membrane cell component, and ion binding activity were upregulated, apart from the iron uptake processes. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that various metabolism pathways, biosynthesis pathways, energy generation pathways of tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation were downregulated, while various degradation pathways and several special metabolism pathways were upregulated. The proteomic profiles of cells at a OD600 ≈ 0.4 grown under iron deprivation condition showed high similarity to that of the cells at a OD600 ≈ 0.8 grown without iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridine. Correspondingly, the protease activity, the activity of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), and indole content separately catalyzed by LuxS and TnaA, were measured to verify the proteomic data. Our present study gives basic information on the global protein profiles of V. splendidus grown under iron deprivation condition and suggests that the iron deprivation condition cause the cell growth enter a state of higher cell density earlier. KEY POINTS: • Adaptation of V. splendidus to iron deprivation was explored by proteomic analysis. • GO and KEGG of DEPs under different iron levels or cell densities were determined. • Iron deprivation caused the cell enter a state of higher cell density earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huirong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Beilun District, 169 Qixingnan RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Song
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Beilun District, 169 Qixingnan RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Beilun District, 169 Qixingnan RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Weisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Beilun District, 169 Qixingnan RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxi Han
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Beilun District, 169 Qixingnan RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquacultural Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Beilun District, 169 Qixingnan RoadZhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315832, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Lashani E, Amoozegar MA, Turner RJ, Moghimi H. Use of Microbial Consortia in Bioremediation of Metalloid Polluted Environments. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040891. [PMID: 37110315 PMCID: PMC10143001 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloids are released into the environment due to the erosion of the rocks or anthropogenic activities, causing problems for human health in different world regions. Meanwhile, microorganisms with different mechanisms to tolerate and detoxify metalloid contaminants have an essential role in reducing risks. In this review, we first define metalloids and bioremediation methods and examine the ecology and biodiversity of microorganisms in areas contaminated with these metalloids. Then we studied the genes and proteins involved in the tolerance, transport, uptake, and reduction of these metalloids. Most of these studies focused on a single metalloid and co-contamination of multiple pollutants were poorly discussed in the literature. Furthermore, microbial communication within consortia was rarely explored. Finally, we summarized the microbial relationships between microorganisms in consortia and biofilms to remove one or more contaminants. Therefore, this review article contains valuable information about microbial consortia and their mechanisms in the bioremediation of metalloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Lashani
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14178-64411, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Ali Amoozegar
- Extremophiles Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14178-64411, Iran;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.); Tel.: +98-21-66415495 (H.M.)
| | - Raymond J. Turner
- Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Hamid Moghimi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 14178-64411, Iran
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (H.M.); Tel.: +98-21-66415495 (H.M.)
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14
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Ong A, O’Brian MR. The Bradyrhizobium japonicum fsrB gene is essential for utilization of structurally diverse ferric siderophores to fulfill its nutritional iron requirement. Mol Microbiol 2023; 119:340-349. [PMID: 36648393 PMCID: PMC10411499 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In Bradyrhizobium japonicum, iron uptake from ferric siderophores involves selective outer membrane proteins and non-selective periplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane components that accommodate numerous structurally diverse siderophores. Free iron traverses the cytoplasmic membrane through the ferrous (Fe2+ ) transporter system FeoAB, but the other non-selective components have not been described. Here, we identify fsrB as an iron-regulated gene required for growth on iron chelates of catecholate- and hydroxymate-type siderophores, but not on inorganic iron. Utilization of the non-physiological iron chelator EDDHA as an iron source was also dependent on fsrB. Uptake activities of 55 Fe3+ bound to ferrioxamine B, ferrichrome or enterobactin were severely diminished in the fsrB mutant compared with the wild type. Growth of the fsrB or feoB strains on ferrichrome were rescued with plasmid-borne E. coli fhuCDB ferrichrome transport genes, suggesting that FsrB activity occurs in the periplasm rather than the cytoplasm. Whole cells of an fsrB mutant are defective in ferric reductase activity. Both whole cells and spheroplasts catalyzed the demetallation of ferric siderophores that were defective in an fsrB mutant. Collectively, the data support a model whereby FsrB is required for reduction of iron and its dissociation from the siderophore in the periplasm, followed by transport of the ferrous ion into the cytoplasm by FeoAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasteir Ong
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Room 4102, Buffalo, New York 14203-1121
| | - Mark R. O’Brian
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University at Buffalo, 955 Main Street, Room 4102, Buffalo, New York 14203-1121
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15
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Naka H, Haygood MG. The dual role of TonB genes in turnerbactin uptake and carbohydrate utilization in the shipworm symbiont Teredinibacter turnerae. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.23.529781. [PMID: 36865190 PMCID: PMC9980095 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.23.529781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Teredinibacter turnerae is an intracellular bacterial symbiont that resides in the gills of shipworms, wood-eating bivalve mollusks. This bacterium produces a catechol siderophore, turnerbactin, required for the survival of this bacterium under iron limiting conditions. The turnerbactin biosynthetic genes are contained in one of the secondary metabolite clusters conserved among T. turnerae strains. However, Fe(III)-turnerbactin uptake mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we show that the first gene of the cluster, fttA a homologue of Fe(III)-siderophore TonB-dependent outer membrane receptor (TBDR) genes is indispensable for iron uptake via the endogenous siderophore, turnerbactin, as well as by an exogenous siderophore, amphi-enterobactin, ubiquitously produced by marine vibrios. Furthermore, three TonB clusters containing four tonB genes were identified, and two of these genes, tonB1b and tonB2, functioned not only for iron transport but also for carbohydrate utilization when cellulose was a sole carbon source. Gene expression analysis revealed that none of the tonB genes and other genes in those clusters were clearly regulated by iron concentration while turnerbactin biosynthesis and uptake genes were up-regulated under iron limiting conditions, highlighting the importance of tonB genes even in iron rich conditions, possibly for utilization of carbohydrates derived from cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Naka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, the University of Utah
- Division of Genetics, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University
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16
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Role of siderophore in Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilm formation and spoilage potential function. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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An allergist's approach to food poisoning. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 130:444-451. [PMID: 36334721 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses represent a significant global health concern. These preventable diseases lead to substantial mortality and morbidity worldwide. Substantial overlap with food allergy exists with similar clinical presentations and symptom onset. Knowledge of the typically implicated microorganisms and toxins can help properly identify these diseases. A thorough history is essential to differentiate between these 2 disorders. The types of food implicated may be similar including milk, egg, fish, and shellfish. The timing of symptom onset may overlap and lead to misdiagnosis of disorders such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome. Classically, histamine-related food poisoning is also typically confused with true food allergy and may be seen as related to fish and cheese. Knowledge of epidemiology, patterns, and etiology of allergic conditions and foodborne illness may help the allergist differentiate among these common diseases.
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18
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Bacterial Siderophores: Structure, Functions, and Role in the Pathogenesis of Infections. PROBLEMS OF PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS INFECTIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2022-3-14-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review systematizes and analyzes the data published over the past decade, devoted to the study of low-molecular-weight high affinity iron chelators – siderophores. Siderophores, which are found in bacteria, fungi and mammals, are able to extract iron from insoluble inorganic compounds, and in the host organism – from complexes with proteins that perform the function of nonspecific protection of mammals from infections. The extracted iron is delivered to cells through surface protein receptors specific for each siderophore, as well as various protein transport systems that make up membranes. Siderophores play an important role in virulence in pathogenic bacteria, performing many functions in the host organism, in addition to providing microbes with iron and other biological metals. They participate in the storage of excess iron, toxic to cells, protect bacteria from reactive oxygen compounds, compete for iron with phagocytes, and have a harmful effect on host cells, acting as secreted bacterial toxin in some cases. Bacterial siderophores perform a signaling function and regulate both, their own synthesis and the synthesis of other virulence factors. Many pathogenic bacteria produce several siderophores that are active under different conditions, against various sources of iron in the host organism and at different stages of infectious process. The review presents the results of the experimental studies aimed at elucidating the structure and diverse functions of bacterial siderophores, the mechanisms of their biosynthesis and regulation of expression, as well as the role of these molecules in the physiology and virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Special emphasis is put on siderophores of bacteria causing particularly dangerous infections.
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19
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Jiang C, Kasai H, Mino S, Romalde JL, Sawabe T. The pan‐genome of Splendidus clade species in the family
Vibrionaceae
: insights into evolution, adaptation, and pathogenicity. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:4587-4606. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunqi Jiang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University Hakodate Japan
| | - Hisae Kasai
- Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University Hakodate Japan
| | - Sayaka Mino
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University Hakodate Japan
| | - Jesús L. Romalde
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CRETUS & CIBUS‐Facultad de Biología. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Tomoo Sawabe
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Fisheries Sciences Hokkaido University Hakodate Japan
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20
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Yanuhar U, Nurcahyo H, Widiyanti L, Junirahma NS, Caesar NR, Sukoso S. In vivo test of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi infection in the humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) from East Java Indonesia. Vet World 2022; 15:1269-1282. [PMID: 35765493 PMCID: PMC9210851 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.1269-1282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: The need for fish seeds resistant to bacterial and viral infections has encouraged studies on the molecular pathogenesis mechanism of Vibrio bacteria, such as Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi, regarding the receptor organs, protein adhesion mechanisms, and antibody responses of the humpback grouper. This study aims to confirm the characteristics of the specific proteins expressed in the receptor organ of the humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) using the expression of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi bacteria. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted by isolating crude protein and whole cells from both the Vibrio bacteria. In addition, serum and organ tissue were also isolated from fish samples. Then, hemagglutination and dot blot tests with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis were performed to determine the highest expression of receptor from the whole bacterial cells and crude protein from both healthy and infected (V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi) fishes. Scanning electron microscope results showed that V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi could express bundle-forming pili, which is involved in bacterial autoaggregation and the mediation of the initial attachment of bacteria to their host cells. Results: These results indicated that all the specific receptors for protein in fish organs recognized vibriosis antigens. The specificity test showed that the brain, eye, and kidney organs’ receptors provided a quality and quantity level of responses at 22.63, 53.95, and 43.15 kDa, respectively. The polyclonal anti-V. alginolyticus immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were more cross-reactive than the anti-V. harveyi IgM. Hence, this shows that V. alginolyticus bacteria are more pathogenic than V. harveyi. Conclusion: In the future, the molecular characteristics of V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi antigens and the specific receptor organ proteins in the humpback grouper can be developed as the basis for constructing molecular peptide-based vaccine materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uun Yanuhar
- Department of Waters Resources Management, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Hendra Nurcahyo
- Master Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Veteran Street, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Luluk Widiyanti
- Master Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Veteran Street, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nur Sakinah Junirahma
- Master Program of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang, Veteran Street, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Nico Rahman Caesar
- Doctoral Program of Environmental Science, Postgraduate Program, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Sukoso Sukoso
- Department of Fishery Product Technology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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21
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Saha I, Chakraborty S, Agarwal S, Mukherjee P, Ghosh B, Dasgupta J. Mechanistic insights of ABC importer HutCD involved in heme internalization by Vibrio cholerae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7152. [PMID: 35504999 PMCID: PMC9065009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme internalization by pathogenic bacteria inside a human host to accomplish the requirement of iron for important cellular processes is of paramount importance. Despite this, the mechanism of heme import by the ATP-binding-cassette (ABC) transporter HutCD in Vibrio cholerae remains unexplored. We have performed biochemical studies on ATPase HutD and its mutants, along with molecular modelling, docking and unbiased all-atom MD simulations on lipid-solvated models of permease-ATPase complex HutCD. The results demonstrated mechanisms of ATP binding/hydrolysis and trapped transient and global conformational changes in HutCD, necessary for heme internalization. ATPase HutD forms a dimer, independent of the permease HutC. Each HutD monomer canonically binds ATP in a 1:1 stoichiometry. MD simulations demonstrated that a rotational motion of HutC dimer occurs synchronously with the inter-dimeric D-loop interactions of HutDs. F151 of TM4–TM5 loop of HutC, packs with ATP and Y15 of HutD, initiating ‘cytoplasmic gate opening’ which mimics an ‘outward-facing’ to ‘inward-facing’ conformational switching upon ATP hydrolysis. The simulation on ‘inward-facing’ HutCD culminates to an ‘occluded’ state. The simulation on heme-docked HutCD indicated that the event of heme release occurs in ATP-free ‘inward-facing’ state. Gradual conformational changes of the TM5 helices of HutC towards the ‘occluded’ state facilitate ejection of heme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indrila Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Shrestha Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Shubhangi Agarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, India.,Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Peeali Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, India
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Macromolecular Crystallography Section, Beamline Development & Application Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
| | - Jhimli Dasgupta
- Department of Biotechnology, St. Xavier's College (Autonomous), 30, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, 700016, India.
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22
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Liu L, Wang W, Wu S, Gao H. Recent Advances in the Siderophore Biology of Shewanella. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:823758. [PMID: 35250939 PMCID: PMC8891985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.823758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the abundance of iron in nature, iron acquisition is a challenge for life in general because the element mostly exists in the extremely insoluble ferric (Fe3+) form in oxic environments. To overcome this, microbes have evolved multiple iron uptake strategies, a common one of which is through the secretion of siderophores, which are iron-chelating metabolites generated endogenously. Siderophore-mediated iron transport, a standby when default iron transport routes are abolished under iron rich conditions, is essential under iron starvation conditions. While there has been a wealth of knowledge about the molecular basis of siderophore synthesis, uptake and regulation in model bacteria, we still know surprisingly little about siderophore biology in diverse environmental microbes. Shewanella represent a group of γ-proteobacteria capable of respiring a variety of organic and inorganic substrates, including iron ores. This respiratory process relies on a large number of iron proteins, c-type cytochromes in particular. Thus, iron plays an essential and special role in physiology of Shewanella. In addition, these bacteria use a single siderophore biosynthetic system to produce an array of macrocyclic dihydroxamate siderophores, some of which show particular biological activities. In this review, we first outline current understanding of siderophore synthesis, uptake and regulation in model bacteria, and subsequently discuss the siderophore biology in Shewanella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haichun Gao
- Institute of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Abstract
The ability to acquire iron from the environment is often an important virulence factor for pathogenic bacteria and Vibrios are no exception to this. Vibrios are reported mainly from marine habitats and most of the species are pathogenic. Among those, the pathogenic vibrios eg. V cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus causes foodborne illnesses. Vibrios are capable of producing all different classes of siderophores like hydroxamate (aerobactin), catecholate (vibriobactin, fluvibactin), carboxylate (vibrioferrin), and amphiphilic (amphibactin). Every different species of vibrios are capable of utilizing some endogenous or xenosiderophores. Being Gram-negative bacteria, Vibrios import iron siderophore via TonB dependent transport system and unlike other Gamma proteobacteria these usually possess two or even three partially redundant TonB systems for iron siderophore transport. Other than selected few iron siderophores, most pathogenic Vibrios are known to be able to utilize heme as the sole iron source, while some species are capable of importing free iron from the environment. As per the present knowledge, the spectrum of iron compound transport and utilization in Vibrios is better understood than the siderophore biosynthetic capability of individual species.
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24
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Skåne A, Loose JSM, Vaaje-Kolstad G, Askarian F. Comparative proteomic profiling reveals specific adaption of Vibrio anguillarum to oxidative stress, iron deprivation and humoral components of innate immunity. J Proteomics 2022; 251:104412. [PMID: 34737109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The gram-negative bacterium Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum (VA) is the causative agent of vibriosis, a terminal hemorrhagic septicemia affecting the aquacultural industry across the globe. In the current study we used label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate how VA adapts to conditions that mimic defined aspects of vibriosis-related stress such as exposure to oxidative stress (H2O2), exposure to humoral factors of innate immunity through incubation with Atlantic salmon serum, and iron deprivation upon supplementation of 2,2'-dipyridyl (DIP) to the growth medium. We also investigated how regulation of virulence factors may be governed by the VA growth phase and availability of nutrients. All experimental conditions explored revealed stress-specific proteomic adaption of VA and only nine proteins were found to be commonly regulated in all conditions. A general observation made for all stress-related conditions was regulation of multiple metabolic pathways. Notably, iron deprivation and exposure to Atlantic salmon serum evoked upregulation of iron acquisition mechanisms. The findings made in the present study represent a source of potential virulence determinants that can be of use in the search for means to understand vibriosis. SIGNIFICANCE: Vibriosis in fish and shellfish caused by V. anguillarum (VA) is responsible for large economic losses in the aquaculture sector across the globe. However, not much is known about the defense mechanism of this pathogen to percept and adapt to the imposed stresses during infection. Analyzing the response of VA to multiple host-related physiochemical stresses, the quantitative proteomic analysis of the present study indicates modulation of several virulence determinants and key defense networks of this pathogen. Our findings provide a theoretical basis to enhance our understanding of VA pathogenesis and can be employed to improve current intervention strategies to control vibriosis in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skåne
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jennifer S M Loose
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Gustav Vaaje-Kolstad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
| | - Fatemeh Askarian
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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25
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Iron-Utilization System in Vibrio vulnificus M2799. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19120710. [PMID: 34940709 PMCID: PMC8706444 DOI: 10.3390/md19120710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that causes serious infections in humans and requires iron for growth. A clinical isolate, V. vulnificus M2799, secretes a catecholate siderophore, vulnibactin, that captures ferric ions from the environment. In the ferric-utilization system in V. vulnificus M2799, an isochorismate synthase (ICS) and an outer membrane receptor, VuuA, are required under low-iron conditions, but alternative proteins FatB and VuuB can function as a periplasmic-binding protein and a ferric-chelate reductase, respectively. The vulnibactin-export system is assembled from TolCV1 and several RND proteins, including VV1_1681. In heme acquisition, HupA and HvtA serve as specific outer membrane receptors and HupB is a sole periplasmic-binding protein, unlike FatB in the ferric-vulnibactin utilization system. We propose that ferric-siderophore periplasmic-binding proteins and ferric-chelate reductases are potential targets for drug discovery in infectious diseases.
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26
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Lu P, Sui M, Zhang M, Wang M, Kamiya T, Okamoto K, Itoh H, Okuda S, Suzuki M, Asakura T, Fujiwara T, Nagata K. Rosmarinic Acid and Sodium Citrate Have a Synergistic Bacteriostatic Effect against Vibrio Species by Inhibiting Iron Uptake. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13010. [PMID: 34884815 PMCID: PMC8657459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND New strategies are needed to combat multidrug-resistant bacteria. The restriction of iron uptake by bacteria is a promising way to inhibit their growth. We aimed to suppress the growth of Vibrio bacterial species by inhibiting their ferric ion-binding protein (FbpA) using food components. METHODS Twenty spices were selected for the screening of FbpA inhibitors. The candidate was applied to antibacterial tests, and the mechanism was further studied. RESULTS An active compound, rosmarinic acid (RA), was screened out. RA binds competitively and more tightly than Fe3+ to VmFbpA, the FbpA from V. metschnikovii, with apparent KD values of 8 μM vs. 17 μM. Moreover, RA can inhibit the growth of V. metschnikovii to one-third of the control at 1000 μM. Interestingly, sodium citrate (SC) enhances the growth inhibition effect of RA, although SC only does not inhibit the growth. The combination of RA/SC completely inhibits the growth of not only V. metschnikovii at 100/100 μM but also the vibriosis-causative pathogens V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, at 100/100 and 1000/100 μM, respectively. However, RA/SC does not affect the growth of Escherichia coli. CONCLUSIONS RA/SC is a potential bacteriostatic agent against Vibrio species while causing little damage to indigenous gastrointestinal bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Miaomiao Sui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Mimin Zhang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Hideaki Itoh
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Suguru Okuda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Tomiko Asakura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
| | - Koji Nagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; (M.S.); (M.Z.); (M.W.); (T.K.); (K.O.); (H.I.); (S.O.); (M.S.); (T.A.); (T.F.)
- Agricultural Bioinformatics Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Extracellular haem utilization by the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its role in virulence and pathogenesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 79:89-132. [PMID: 34836613 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for all bacteria but presents a significant challenge given its limited bioavailability. Furthermore, iron's toxicity combined with the need to maintain iron levels within a narrow physiological range requires integrated systems to sense, regulate and transport a variety of iron complexes. Most bacteria encode systems to chelate and transport ferric iron (Fe3+) via siderophore receptor mediated uptake or via cytoplasmic energy dependent transport systems. Pathogenic bacteria have further lowered the barrier to iron acquisition by employing systems to utilize haem as a source of iron. Haem, a lipophilic and toxic molecule, presents a significant challenge for transport into the cell. As such pathogenic bacteria have evolved sophisticated cell surface signaling (CSS) and transport systems to sense and obtain haem from the host. Once internalized haem is cleaved by both oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms to release iron. Herein we summarize our current understanding of the mechanism of haem sensing, uptake and utilization in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, its role in pathogenesis and virulence, and the potential of these systems as antimicrobial targets.
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Shin M, Gomez-Garzon C, Payne SM. Vanadate inhibits Feo-mediated iron transport in Vibrio cholerae. Metallomics 2021; 13:6407528. [PMID: 34673980 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for Vibrio cholerae to survive, and Feo, the major bacterial system for ferrous iron transport, is important for growth of this pathogen in low-oxygen environments. To gain insight into its biochemical mechanism, we evaluated the effects of widely used ATPase inhibitors on the ATP hydrolysis activity of the N-terminal domain of V. cholerae FeoB. Our results showed that sodium orthovanadate and sodium azide effectively inhibit the catalytic activity of the N-terminal domain of V. cholerae FeoB. Further, sodium orthovanadate was the more effective inhibitor against V. cholerae ferrous iron transport in vivo. These results contribute to a more comprehensive biochemical understanding of Feo function, and shed light on designing effective inhibitors against bacterial FeoB proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Camilo Gomez-Garzon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shelley M Payne
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, LaMontagne Center for Infectious Disease, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Galvis F, Ageitos L, Rodríguez J, Jiménez C, Barja JL, Lemos ML, Balado M. Vibrio neptunius Produces Piscibactin and Amphibactin and Both Siderophores Contribute Significantly to Virulence for Clams. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:750567. [PMID: 34760718 PMCID: PMC8573110 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.750567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio neptunius is an inhabitant of mollusc microbiota and an opportunistic pathogen causing disease outbreaks in marine bivalve mollusc species including oysters and clams. Virulence of mollusc pathogenic vibrios is mainly associated with the production of extracellular products. However, siderophore production is a common feature in pathogenic marine bacteria but its role in fitness and virulence of mollusc pathogens remains unknown. We previously found that V. neptunius produces amphibactin, one of the most abundant siderophores in marine microbes. In this work, synthesis of the siderophore piscibactin was identified as the second siderophore produced by V. neptunius. Single and double mutants in biosynthetic genes of each siderophore system, piscibactin and amphibactin, were constructed in V. neptunius and their role in growth ability and virulence was characterized. Although the High Pathogenicity Island encoding piscibactin is a major virulence factor in vibrios pathogenic for fish, the V. neptunius wild type did not cause mortality in turbot. The results showed that amphibactin contributes more than piscibactin to bacterial fitness in vitro. However, infection challenges showed that each siderophore system contributes equally to virulence for molluscs. The V. neptunius strain unable to produce any siderophore was severely impaired to cause vibriosis in clams. Although the inactivation of one of the two siderophore systems (either amphibactin or piscibactin) significantly reduced virulence compared to the wild type strain, the ability to produce both siderophores simultaneously maximised the degree of virulence. Evaluation of the gene expression pattern of each siderophore system showed that they are simultaneously expressed when V. neptunius is cultivated under low iron availability in vitro and ex vivo. Finally, the analysis of the distribution of siderophore systems in genomes of Vibrio spp. pathogenic for molluscs showed that the gene clusters encoding amphibactin and piscibactin are widespread in the Coralliilyticus clade. Thus, siderophore production would constitute a key virulence factor for bivalve molluscs pathogenic vibrios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Galvis
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Ryan ET, Leung DT, Jensen O, Weil AA, Bhuiyan TR, Khan AI, Chowdhury F, LaRocque RC, Harris JB, Calderwood SB, Qadri F, Charles RC. Systemic, Mucosal, and Memory Immune Responses following Cholera. Trop Med Infect Dis 2021; 6:192. [PMID: 34842841 PMCID: PMC8628923 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed6040192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O1, the major causative agent of cholera, remains a significant public health threat. Although there are available vaccines for cholera, the protection provided by killed whole-cell cholera vaccines in young children is poor. An obstacle to the development of improved cholera vaccines is the need for a better understanding of the primary mechanisms of cholera immunity and identification of improved correlates of protection. Considerable progress has been made over the last decade in understanding the adaptive and innate immune responses to cholera disease as well as V. cholerae infection. This review will assess what is currently known about the systemic, mucosal, memory, and innate immune responses to clinical cholera, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms and correlates of protection against V. cholerae O1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward T. Ryan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel T. Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (D.T.L.); (O.J.)
| | - Owen Jensen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; (D.T.L.); (O.J.)
| | - Ana A. Weil
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Ashraful Islam Khan
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Fahima Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Regina C. LaRocque
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jason B. Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Pediatric Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephen B. Calderwood
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (T.R.B.); (A.I.K.); (F.C.); (F.Q.)
| | - Richelle C. Charles
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (E.T.R.); (R.C.L.); (J.B.H.); (S.B.C.)
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Sonnenberg CB, Haugen P. The Pseudoalteromonas multipartite genome: distribution and expression of pangene categories, and a hypothesis for the origin and evolution of the chromid. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2021; 11:6325023. [PMID: 34544144 PMCID: PMC8496264 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial genomes typically consist of one large chromosome, but can also include secondary replicons. These so-called multipartite genomes are scattered on the bacterial tree of life with the majority of cases belonging to Proteobacteria. Within the class gamma-proteobacteria, multipartite genomes are restricted to the two families Vibrionaceae and Pseudoalteromonadaceae. Whereas the genome of vibrios is well studied, information on the Pseudoalteromonadaceae genome is much scarcer. We have studied Pseudoalteromonadaceae with respect to the origin of the chromid, how pangene categories are distributed, how genes are expressed relative to their genomic location, and identified chromid hallmark genes. We calculated the Pseudoalteromonadaceae pangenome based on 25 complete genomes and found that core/softcore are significantly overrepresented in late replicating sectors of the chromid, regardless of how the chromid is replicated. On the chromosome, core/softcore and shell/cloud genes are only weakly overrepresented at the chromosomal replication origin and termination sequences, respectively. Gene expression is trending downwards with increasing distance from the chromosomal oriC, whereas the chromidal expression pattern is more complex. Moreover, we identified 78 chromid hallmark genes, and BLASTp searches suggest that the majority of them were acquired from the ancestral gene pool of Alteromonadales. Finally, our data strongly suggest that the chromid originates from a plasmid that was acquired in a relatively recent event. In summary, this study extends our knowledge on multipartite genomes, and helps us understand how and why secondary replicons are acquired, why they are maintained, and how they are shaped by evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Bækkedal Sonnenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Bioinformatics (SfB), Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
| | - Peik Haugen
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Bioinformatics (SfB), Faculty of Science and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø N-9037, Norway
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Islam MT, Nasreen T, Kirchberger PC, Liang KYH, Orata FD, Johura FT, Hussain NAS, Im MS, Tarr CL, Alam M, Boucher YF. Population Analysis of Vibrio cholerae in Aquatic Reservoirs Reveals a Novel Sister Species ( Vibrio paracholerae sp. nov.) with a History of Association with Humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0042221. [PMID: 34132593 PMCID: PMC8357300 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00422-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most efforts to understand the biology of Vibrio cholerae have focused on a single group, the pandemic-generating lineage harboring the strains responsible for all known cholera pandemics. Consequently, little is known about the diversity of this species in its native aquatic environment. To understand the differences in the V. cholerae populations inhabiting regions with a history of cholera cases and those lacking such a history, a comparative analysis of population composition was performed. Little overlap was found in lineage compositions between those in Dhaka, Bangladesh (where cholera is endemic), located in the Ganges Delta, and those in Falmouth, MA (no known history of cholera), a small coastal town on the United States east coast. The most striking difference was the presence of a group of related lineages at high abundance in Dhaka, which was completely absent from Falmouth. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that these lineages form a cluster at the base of the phylogeny for the V. cholerae species and were sufficiently differentiated genetically and phenotypically to form a novel species. A retrospective search revealed that strains from this species have been anecdotally found from around the world and were isolated as early as 1916 from a British soldier in Egypt suffering from choleraic diarrhea. In 1935, Gardner and Venkatraman unofficially referred to a member of this group as Vibrio paracholerae. In recognition of this earlier designation, we propose the name Vibrio paracholerae sp. nov. for this bacterium. Genomic analysis suggests a link with human populations for this novel species and substantial interaction with its better-known sister species. IMPORTANCE Cholera continues to remain a major public health threat around the globe. Understanding the ecology, evolution, and environmental adaptation of the causative agent (Vibrio cholerae) and tracking the emergence of novel lineages with pathogenic potential are essential to combat the problem. In this study, we investigated the population dynamics of Vibrio cholerae in an inland locality, which is known as endemic for cholera, and compared them with those of a cholera-free coastal location. We found the consistent presence of the pandemic-generating lineage of V. cholerae in Dhaka, where cholera is endemic, and an exclusive presence of a lineage phylogenetically distinct from other V. cholerae lineages. Our study suggests that this lineage represents a novel species that has pathogenic potential and a human link to its environmental abundance. The possible association with human populations and coexistence and interaction with toxigenic V. cholerae in the natural environment make this potential human pathogen an important subject for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Nasreen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul C. Kirchberger
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Kevin Y. H. Liang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fabini D. Orata
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Fatema-Tuz Johura
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nora A. S. Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Monica S. Im
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Tarr
- National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Munirul Alam
- Infectious Diseases Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yann F. Boucher
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Dent AT, Brimberry M, Albert T, Lanzilotta WN, Moënne-Loccoz P, Wilks A. Axial Heme Coordination by the Tyr-His Motif in the Extracellular Hemophore HasAp Is Critical for the Release of Heme to the HasR Receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2549-2559. [PMID: 34324310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa senses extracellular heme via an extra cytoplasmic function σ factor that is activated upon interaction of the hemophore holo-HasAp with the HasR receptor. Herein, we show Y75H holo-HasAp interacts with HasR but is unable to release heme for signaling and uptake. To understand this inhibition, we undertook a spectroscopic characterization of Y75H holo-HasAp by resonance Raman (RR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and X-ray crystallography. The RR spectra are consistent with a mixed six-coordinate high-spin (6cHS), six-coordinate low-spin (6cLS) heme configuration and an H218O exchangeable FeIII-O stretching frequency with 16O/18O and H/D isotope shifts that support a two-body Fe-OH2 oscillator with (iron-hydroxy)-like character as both hydrogen atoms are engaged in short hydrogen bond interactions with protein side chains. Further support comes from the EPR spectrum of Y75H holo-HasAp that shows a LS rhombic signal with ligand-field splitting values intermediate between those of His-hydroxy and bis-His ferric hemes. The crystal structure of Y75H holo-HasAp confirmed the coordinated solvent molecule hydrogen bonded through H75 and H83. The long-range conformational rearrangement of HasAp upon heme binding can still take place in Y75H holo-HasAp, because the intercalation of a hydroxy ligand between the heme iron and H75 allows the variant to reproduce the heme binding pocket observed in wild-type holo-HasAp. However, in the absence of a covalent linkage to the Y75 loop combined with the malleability provided by the bracketing H75 and H83 hydrogen bonds, either the hydroxy sixth ligand remains bound after complexation of Y75H holo-HasAp with HasR or rearrangement and coordination of H85 prevent heme transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alecia T Dent
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Marley Brimberry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Therese Albert
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - William N Lanzilotta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Pierre Moënne-Loccoz
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Angela Wilks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Ní Dhufaigh K, Botwright N, Dillon E, O’Connor I, MacCarthy E, Slattery O. Differential Exoproteome and Biochemical Characterisation of Neoparamoeba perurans. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061258. [PMID: 34207776 PMCID: PMC8226569 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with the protozoan ectoparasite Neoparamoeba perurans, the causative agent of AGD, remains a global threat to salmonid farming. This study aimed to analyse the exoproteome of both an attenuated and virulent N. perurans isolate using proteomics and cytotoxicity testing. A disproportionate presence of proteins from the co-cultured microbiota of N. perurans was revealed on searching an amalgamated database of bacterial, N. perurans and Amoebozoa proteins. LC-MS/MS identified 33 differentially expressed proteins, the majority of which were upregulated in the attenuated exoproteome. Proteins of putative interest found in both exoproteomes were maltoporin, ferrichrome-iron receptor, and putative ferric enterobactin receptor. Protease activity remained significantly elevated in the attenuated exoproteome compared with the virulent exoproteome. Similarly, the attenuated exoproteome had a significantly higher cytotoxic effect on rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill W1) cells compared with the virulent exoproteome. The presence of a phosphatase and serine protease in the virulent exoproteome may facilitate AGD infection but do not appear to be key players in causing cytotoxicity. Altogether, this study reveals prolonged culture of N. perurans affects the exoproteome composition in favour of nutritional acquisition, and that the current culturing protocol for virulent N. perurans does not facilitate the secretion of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Ní Dhufaigh
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland; (I.O.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Natasha Botwright
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Livestock & Aquaculture, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, 306 Carmody Road, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Eugene Dillon
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Co. Dublin, D04 V1W8 Eircode, Ireland;
| | - Ian O’Connor
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland; (I.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Eugene MacCarthy
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland; (I.O.); (E.M.)
| | - Orla Slattery
- Department of Biopharmaceutical and Medical Science, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Co. Galway, H91 T8NW Eircode, Ireland;
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Abioye OE, Osunla AC, Okoh AI. Molecular Detection and Distribution of Six Medically Important Vibrio spp. in Selected Freshwater and Brackish Water Resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:617703. [PMID: 34149632 PMCID: PMC8208477 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.617703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Water resources contaminated with pathogenic Vibrio species are usually a source of devastating infection outbreaks that have been a public health concern in both developed and developing countries over the decades. The present study assessed the prevalence of six medically significant Vibrio species in some water resources in Eastern Cape Province, South Africa for 12 months. We detected vibrios in all the 194 water samples analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalence of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio fluvialis, Vibrio vulnificus, Vibrio alginolyticus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in freshwater samples was 34, 19, 9, 2, 3, and 2%, and that in brackish water samples was 44, 28, 10, 7, 46, and 51%, respectively. The population of the presumptive Vibrio spp. isolated from freshwater (628) and brackish water (342) samples that were confirmed by PCR was 79% (497/628) and 85% (291/342), respectively. Twenty-two percent of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from freshwater (n = 497) samples and 41% of the PCR-confirmed Vibrio isolates from brackish water samples (n = 291) fall among the Vibrio species of interest. The incidences of V. cholerae, V. mimicus, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, and V. parahaemolyticus amidst these Vibrio spp. of interest that were recovered from freshwater samples were 75, 14, 4, 6, 1, and 1%, whereas those from brackish water samples were 24, 7, 3, 3, 47, and 18%, respectively. Our observation during the study suggests pollution as the reason for the unusual isolation of medically important vibrios in winter. Correlation analysis revealed that temperature drives the frequency of isolation, whereas salinity drives the composition of the targeted Vibrio species at our sampling sites. The finding of the study is of public health importance going by the usefulness of the water resources investigated. Although controlling and preventing most of the factors that contribute to the prevalence of medically important bacteria, such as Vibrio species, at the sampling points might be difficult, regular monitoring for creating health risk awareness will go a long way to prevent possible Vibrio-related infection outbreaks at the sampling sites and their immediate environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatayo E Abioye
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria
| | - Ayodeji Charles Osunla
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- SAMRC Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Chac D, Dunmire CN, Singh J, Weil AA. Update on Environmental and Host Factors Impacting the Risk of Vibrio cholerae Infection. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1010-1019. [PMID: 33844507 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a diarrheal disease that kills tens of thousands of people each year. Cholera is transmitted primarily by the ingestion of drinking water contaminated with fecal matter, and a safe water supply remains out of reach in many areas of the world. In this Review, we discuss host and environmental factors that impact the susceptibility to V. cholerae infection and the severity of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Chac
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Chelsea N. Dunmire
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Jasneet Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Ana A. Weil
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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Vidal LMR, Gonçalves ARP, Venas TM, Garcia GD, Tschoeke DA, Thompson FL, Thompson CC. Genome sequence of Vibrio fluvialis 362.3 isolated from coral Mussismilia braziliensis reveals genes related to marine environment adaptation. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:3683-3686. [PMID: 33829291 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio fluvialis is a halophilic bacterium frequently found in estuarine and coastal waters environments. The strain 362.3 was isolated from Mussismilia braziliensis coral of Abrolhos Bank. In this study, to gain insights into the marine adaptation in V. fluvialis, we sequenced the genome of 362.3 strain, which comprised 4,607,294 bp with a G + C content of 50.2%. In silico analysis showed that V. fluvialis 362.2 encodes genes related to chitin catabolic pathway, iron metabolism, osmotic stress and membrane transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia M R Vidal
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline R P Gonçalves
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainá M Venas
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gizele D Garcia
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diogo A Tschoeke
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Biomedical Engineer Program - COPPE (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiano L Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C Thompson
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Kim S, Chung HY, Kwon JG, Choi SH, Lee JH. Fresh Crab Plays an Important Role as a Nutrient Reservoir for the Rapid Propagation of Vibrio vulnificus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:645860. [PMID: 33767684 PMCID: PMC7985530 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.645860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a well-known opportunistic pathogen causing food-borne illnesses by ingestion of contaminated seafood. A new strain of V. vulnificus FORC_016 was isolated from a patient’s blood sample in South Korea. The genome consists of two circular DNA chromosomes: chromosome I (3,234,424 bp with a G + C contents of 46.60% containing 2,889 ORFs, 106 tRNA genes, and 31 rRNA genes) and chromosome II (1,837,945 bp with a GC content of 47.00% containing 1,572 ORFs, 13 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes). In addition, chromosome I has a super integron (SI) containing 209 ORFs, which is probably associated with various additional functions including antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity. Pan-genome analysis with other V. vulnificus genomes revealed that core genome regions contain most of the important virulence factors. However, accessory genome regions are located in the SI region and contain unique genes regarding cell wall biosynthesis and generation of host cell protecting capsule, suggesting possible resistance ability against environmental stresses. Comparative RNA-Seq analysis of samples between contact and no contact to the crab conditions showed that expressions of amino acid/peptide and carbohydrate transport and utilization genes were down-regulated, but expressions of cell division and growth-related genes were up-regulated, suggesting that the crab may be a nutrition reservoir for rapid propagation of V. vulnificus. Therefore, consumption of the contaminated fresh crab would provide a large number of V. vulnificus to humans, which may be more dangerous. Consequently, biocontrol of V. vulnificus may be critical to ensure the safety in seafood consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Young Chung
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Gi Kwon
- Food Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Choi
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Toxicology, Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hoon Lee
- Food Microbiome Laboratory, Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Rojas-Jaimes J, Lindo-Seminario D, Correa-Núñez G, Diringer B. Characterization of the bacterial microbiome of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from Pecari tajacu "Sajino" Madre de Dios, Peru. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6661. [PMID: 33758359 PMCID: PMC7988070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86177-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ticks are arthropods that can host and transmit pathogens to wild animals, domestic animals, and even humans. The bacterial microbiome of adult (males and females) and nymph Rhipicephalus microplus ticks collected from a collared peccary, Pecari tajacu, captured in the rural area of Botijón Village in the Amazon region of Madre de Dios, Peru, was evaluated using metagenomics. The Chao1 and Shannon-Weaver analyses indicated greater bacterial richness and diversity in female ticks (GARH; 375-4.15) and nymph ticks (GARN; 332-4.75) compared to that in male ticks (GARM; 215-3.20). Taxonomic analyses identified 185 operational taxonomic units representing 147 bacterial genera. Of the 25 most prevalent genera, Salmonella (17.5%) and Vibrio (15.0%) showed the highest relative abundance followed by several other potentially pathogenic genera, such as Paracoccus (7.8%), Staphylococcus (6.8%), Pseudomonas (6.6%), Corynebacterium (5.0%), Cloacibacterium (3.6%), and Acinetobacter (2.5%). In total, 19.7% of the detected genera are shared by GARH, GARM, and GARN, and they can be considered as the core microbiome of R. microplus. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to characterize the microbiome of ticks collected from P. tajacu and to report the presence of Salmonella and Vibrio in R. microplus. The pathogenic potential and the role of these bacteria in the physiology of R. microplus should be further investigated due to the possible implications for public health and animal health in populations neighboring the habitat of P. tajacu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rojas-Jaimes
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Privada del Norte, Av. El Sol 461, San Juan de Lurigancho, 15434, Lima, Peru.
| | | | - Germán Correa-Núñez
- Departamento Académico de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional Amazónica de Madre de Dios, Puerto Maldonado, Peru
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Nourabadi N, Nishiguchi MK. pH Adaptation Drives Diverse Phenotypes in a Beneficial Bacterium-Host Mutualism. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.611411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic variation can influence the evolution of specific phenotypes that contribute to the diversity of bacterial strains observed in the natural environment. Environmentally transmitted symbiotic bacteria are particularly vulnerable to abiotic fluctuations, given that they must accommodate the transition between the free-living state and the host's internal environment. This type of life history strategy can strongly influence the success of a symbiont, and whether adapting to changes outside the host will allow a greater capacity to survive in symbiosis with the host partner. One example of how environmental breadth is advantageous to the symbiosis is the beneficial association between Vibrio fischeri and sepiolid squids (Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae). Since Vibrio bacteria are environmentally transmitted, they are subject to a wide variety of abiotic variables prior to infecting juvenile squids and must be poised to survive in the host light organ. In order to better understand how a changing abiotic factor (e.g., pH) influences the diversification of symbionts and their eventual symbiotic competence, we used an experimental evolution approach to ascertain how pH adaptation affects symbiont fitness. Results show that low pH adapted Vibrio strains have more efficient colonization rates compared to their ancestral strains. In addition, growth rates had significant differences compared to ancestral strains (pH 6.5–6.8, and 7.2). Bioluminescence production (a marker for symbiont competence) of pH evolved strains also improved at pH 6.5–7.2. Results imply that the evolution and diversification of Vibrio strains adapted to low pH outside the squid improves fitness inside the squid by allowing a higher success rate for host colonization and symbiotic competence.
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Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, a Gram-negative bacterium, is a natural inhabitant of the aqueous environment. However, once ingested, this bacterium can colonize the human host and cause the disease cholera. CsrA is a posttranscriptional global regulator in Vibrio cholerae. Although CsrA is critical for V. cholerae survival within the mammalian host, the regulatory targets of CsrA remain mostly unknown. To identify pathways controlled by CsrA, RNA-seq transcriptome analysis was carried out by comparing the wild type and the csrA mutant grown to early exponential, mid-exponential, and stationary phases of growth. This enabled us to identify the global effects of CsrA-mediated regulation throughout the V. cholerae growth cycle. We found that CsrA regulates 22% of the V. cholerae transcriptome, with significant regulation within the gene ontology (GO) processes that involve amino acid transport and metabolism, central carbon metabolism, lipid metabolism, iron uptake, and flagellum-dependent motility. Through CsrA-RNA coimmunoprecipitation experiments, we found that CsrA binds to multiple mRNAs that encode regulatory proteins. These include transcripts encoding the major sigma factors RpoS and RpoE, which may explain how CsrA regulation affects such a large proportion of the V. cholerae transcriptome. Other direct targets include flrC, encoding a central regulator in flagellar gene expression, and aphA, encoding the virulence gene transcription factor AphA. We found that CsrA binds to the aphA mRNA both in vivo and in vitro, and CsrA significantly increases AphA protein synthesis. The increase in AphA was due to increased translation, not transcription, in the presence of CsrA, consistent with CsrA binding to the aphA transcript and enhancing its translation. CsrA is required for the virulence of V. cholerae and this study illustrates the central role of CsrA in virulence gene regulation.
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42
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Insights into the chemistry of the amphibactin-metal (M 3+) interaction and its role in antibiotic resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21049. [PMID: 33273481 PMCID: PMC7712776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77807-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the diversity and specificity of interactions of amphibactin produced by Vibrio genus bacterium (Vibrio sp. HC0601C5) with iron and various metal ions in + 3 oxidation state in an octahedral (Oh) environment. To survive in the iron-deficient environment of their host, pathogenic bacteria have devised various efficient iron acquisition strategies. One such strategy involves the production of low molecular weight peptides called siderophores, which have a strong affinity and specificity to chelate Fe3+ and can thus facilitate uptake of this metal in order to ensure iron requirements. The Fe uptake by amphibactin and the release of iron inside the cell have been studied. Comparison of the interaction of different transition metal ions (M3+) with amphibactin has been studied and it reveals that Co and Ga form stable complexes with this siderophore. The competition of Co and Ga with Fe impedes iron uptake by bacteria, thereby preventing infection.
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Galvis F, Ageitos L, Martínez-Matamoros D, Barja JL, Rodríguez J, Lemos ML, Jiménez C, Balado M. The marine bivalve molluscs pathogen Vibrio neptunius produces the siderophore amphibactin, which is widespread in molluscs microbiota. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:5467-5482. [PMID: 33169914 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amphiphilic siderophores, including amphibactins, are the most abundant siderophores in oceans. Genes putatively encoding the amphibactin system were proposed in some bacteria and homologues of these genes are particularly abundant in multiple bacterial lineages inhabitant of low-iron seawater. However, since no defective mutant strains in any of these genes were studied to date, their role in amphibactin synthesis or uptake was not demonstrated. In this work, an in silico analysis of the genome of the mollusc pathogen Vibrio neptunius leads us to identify a gene cluster (denoted absABDEF) that is predicted to encode an amphibactin-like siderophore and several mutant strains unable to synthesize or use siderophores were constructed. The results showed that genes absABDEF are required for amphibactin synthesis. A comparative chemical analysis of V. neptunius wild type and biosynthesis mutants allowed us to identify a mixture of nine amphibactin forms produced by this bacterium. In addition, the gene abtA is predicted to encode the ferri-amphibactin outer membrane transporter. The prevalence of the amphibactin system in bivalve hemolymph microbiota was also studied. We found that the amphibactin system is widespread in hemolymph microbiota including both commensal and pathogenic bacterial species. Thus, its contribution to bacterial fitness must be more related to environmental persistence than to pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Galvis
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Lucía Ageitos
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Diana Martínez-Matamoros
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Juan L Barja
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Jaime Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Manuel L Lemos
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Jiménez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) e Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, AE CICA-INIBIC, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Miguel Balado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Acuicultura y Facultad de Biología-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Sur, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Zhou Y, Lee ZL, Zhu J. On or Off: Life-Changing Decisions Made by Vibrio cholerae Under Stress. INFECTIOUS MICROBES & DISEASES 2020; 2:127-135. [PMID: 38630076 PMCID: PMC7769058 DOI: 10.1097/im9.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the infectious disease, cholera, is commonly found in brackish waters and infects human hosts via the fecal-oral route. V. cholerae is a master of stress resistance as V. cholerae's dynamic lifestyle across different physical environments constantly exposes it to diverse stressful circumstances. Specifically, V. cholerae has dedicated genetic regulatory networks to sense different environmental cues and respond to these signals. With frequent outbreaks costing a tremendous amount of lives and increased global water temperatures providing more suitable aquatic habitats for V. cholerae, cholera pandemics remain a probable catastrophic threat to humanity. Understanding how V. cholerae copes with different environmental stresses broadens our repertoire of measures against infectious diseases and expands our general knowledge of prokaryotic stress responses. In this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of how V. cholerae fights against stresses in vivo and in vitro.
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Byun H, Jung IJ, Chen J, Larios Valencia J, Zhu J. Siderophore piracy enhances Vibrio cholerae environmental survival and pathogenesis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2020; 166:1038-1046. [PMID: 33074088 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the aetiological agent of cholera, possesses multiple iron acquisition systems, including those for the transport of siderophores. How these systems benefit V. cholerae in low-iron, polymicrobial communities in environmental settings or during infection remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that in iron-limiting conditions, co-culture of V. cholerae with a number of individual siderophore-producing microbes significantly promoted V. cholerae growth in vitro. We further show that in the host environment with low iron, V. cholerae colonizes better in adult mice in the presence of the siderophore-producing commensal Escherichia coli. Taken together, our results suggest that in aquatic reservoirs or during infection, V. cholerae may overcome environmental and host iron restriction by hijacking siderophores from other microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuntae Byun
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - I-Ji Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jessie Larios Valencia
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jay Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Antelo GT, Vila AJ, Giedroc DP, Capdevila DA. Molecular Evolution of Transition Metal Bioavailability at the Host-Pathogen Interface. Trends Microbiol 2020; 29:441-457. [PMID: 32951986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The molecular evolution of the adaptive response at the host-pathogen interface has been frequently referred to as an 'arms race' between the host and bacterial pathogens. The innate immune system employs multiple strategies to starve microbes of metals. Pathogens, in turn, develop successful strategies to maintain access to bioavailable metal ions under conditions of extreme restriction of transition metals, or nutritional immunity. However, the processes by which evolution repurposes or re-engineers host and pathogen proteins to perform or refine new functions have been explored only recently. Here we review the molecular evolution of several human metalloproteins charged with restricting bacterial access to transition metals. These include the transition metal-chelating S100 proteins, natural resistance-associated macrophage protein-1 (NRAMP-1), transferrin, lactoferrin, and heme-binding proteins. We examine their coevolution with bacterial transition metal acquisition systems, involving siderophores and membrane-spanning metal importers, and the biological specificity of allosteric transcriptional regulatory proteins tasked with maintaining bacterial metallostasis. We also discuss the evolution of metallo-β-lactamases; this illustrates how rapid antibiotic-mediated evolution of a zinc metalloenzyme obligatorily occurs in the context of host-imposed nutritional immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliano T Antelo
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro J Vila
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR, CONICET-UNR), Ocampo and Esmeralda, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; Área Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - David P Giedroc
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Daiana A Capdevila
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), C1405BWE Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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A Hybrid Extracellular Electron Transfer Pathway Enhances the Survival of Vibrio natriegens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01253-20. [PMID: 32737131 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01253-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio natriegens is the fastest-growing microorganism discovered to date, making it a useful model for biotechnology and basic research. While it is recognized for its rapid aerobic metabolism, less is known about anaerobic adaptations in V. natriegens or how the organism survives when oxygen is limited. Here, we describe and characterize extracellular electron transfer (EET) in V. natriegens, a metabolism that requires movement of electrons across protective cellular barriers to reach the extracellular space. V. natriegens performs extracellular electron transfer under fermentative conditions with gluconate, glucosamine, and pyruvate. We characterized a pathway in V. natriegens that requires CymA, PdsA, and MtrCAB for Fe(III) citrate and Fe(III) oxide reduction, which represents a hybrid of strategies previously discovered in Shewanella and Aeromonas Expression of these V. natriegens genes functionally complemented Shewanella oneidensis mutants. Phylogenetic analysis of the inner membrane quinol dehydrogenases CymA and NapC in gammaproteobacteria suggests that CymA from Shewanella diverged from Vibrionaceae CymA and NapC. Analysis of sequenced Vibrionaceae revealed that the genetic potential to perform EET is conserved in some members of the Harveyi and Vulnificus clades but is more variable in other clades. We provide evidence that EET enhances anaerobic survival of V. natriegens, which may be the primary physiological function for EET in Vibrionaceae IMPORTANCE Bacteria from the genus Vibrio occupy a variety of marine and brackish niches with fluctuating nutrient and energy sources. When oxygen is limited, fermentation or alternative respiration pathways must be used to conserve energy. In sedimentary environments, insoluble oxide minerals (primarily iron and manganese) are able to serve as electron acceptors for anaerobic respiration by microorganisms capable of extracellular electron transfer, a metabolism that enables the use of these insoluble substrates. Here, we identify the mechanism for extracellular electron transfer in Vibrio natriegens, which uses a combination of strategies previously identified in Shewanella and Aeromonas We show that extracellular electron transfer enhanced survival of V. natriegens under fermentative conditions, which may be a generalized strategy among Vibrio spp. predicted to have this metabolism.
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Steunou AS, Bourbon M, Babot M, Durand A, Liotenberg S, Yamaichi Y, Ouchane S. Increasing the copper sensitivity of microorganisms by restricting iron supply, a strategy for bio-management practices. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:1530-1545. [PMID: 32558275 PMCID: PMC7415376 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pollution by copper (Cu2+ ) extensively used as antimicrobial in agriculture and farming represents a threat to the environment and human health. Finding ways to make microorganisms sensitive to lower metal concentrations could help decreasing the use of Cu2 + in agriculture. In this respect, we showed that limiting iron (Fe) uptake makes bacteria much more susceptible to Cu2 + or Cd2+ poisoning. Using efflux mutants of the purple bacterium Rubrivivax gelatinosus, we showed that Cu+ and Cd2+ resistance relies on the expression of the Fur-regulated FbpABC and Ftr iron transporters. To support this conclusion, inactivation of these Fe-importers in the Cu+ or Cd2+ -ATPase efflux mutants gave rise to hypersensitivity towards these ions. Moreover, in metal overloaded cells the expression of FbpA, the periplasmic iron-binding component of the ferric ion transport FbpABC system was induced, suggesting that cells perceived an 'iron-starvation' situation and responded to it by inducing Fe-importers. In this context, the Fe-Sod activity increased in response to Fe homoeostasis dysregulation. Similar results were obtained for Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli, suggesting that perturbation of Fe-homoeostasis by metal excess appeared as an adaptive response commonly used by a variety of bacteria. The presented data support a model in which metal excess induces Fe-uptake to support [4Fe-4S] synthesis and thereby induce ROS detoxification system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Soisig Steunou
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Marie‐Line Bourbon
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Marion Babot
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Anne Durand
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Sylviane Liotenberg
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Yoshiharu Yamaichi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Soufian Ouchane
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)CEACNRSUniversité Paris‐Saclay91198Gif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
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Eickhoff MJ, Bassler BL. Vibrio fischeri siderophore production drives competitive exclusion during dual-species growth. Mol Microbiol 2020; 114:244-261. [PMID: 32259318 PMCID: PMC7541421 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
When two or more bacterial species inhabit a shared niche, often, they must compete for limited nutrients. Iron is an essential nutrient that is especially scarce in the marine environment. Bacteria can use the production, release, and re-uptake of siderophores, small molecule iron chelators, to scavenge iron. Siderophores provide fitness advantages to species that employ them by enhancing iron acquisition, and moreover, by denying iron to competitors incapable of using the siderophore-iron complex. Here, we show that cell-free culture fluids from the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri ES114 prevent the growth of other vibrio species. Mutagenesis reveals the aerobactin siderophore as the inhibitor. Our analysis reveals a gene, that we name aerE, encodes the aerobactin exporter, and LuxT is a transcriptional activator of aerobactin production. In co-culture, under iron-limiting conditions, aerobactin production allows V. fischeri ES114 to competitively exclude Vibrio harveyi, which does not possess aerobactin production and uptake genes. In contrast, V. fischeri ES114 mutants incapable of aerobactin production lose in competition with V. harveyi. Introduction of iutA, encoding the aerobactin receptor, together with fhuCDB, encoding the aerobactin importer are sufficient to convert V. harveyi into an "aerobactin cheater."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bonnie L. Bassler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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50
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Ouertani R, Ouertani A, Mahjoubi M, Bousselmi Y, Najjari A, Cherif H, Chamkhi A, Mosbah A, Khdhira H, Sghaier H, Chouchane H, Cherif A, Neifar M. New Plant Growth-Promoting, Chromium-Detoxifying Microbacterium Species Isolated From a Tannery Wastewater: Performance and Genomic Insights. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:521. [PMID: 32719777 PMCID: PMC7350417 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], widely generated by tannery activities, is considered among the most toxic substances and causes a serious damage for the environment and for human health. Interestingly, some microorganisms have a potential of bioremediation of chromium-contaminated wastewaters and soils through the reduction of Cr(VI) (soluble and harmful form) into Cr(III) (stable and non-toxic form). Here, we present the full genome sequence of a novel heavy-metal-resistant, plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), Microbacterium metallidurans TL13, which was isolated from a Tunisian leather industry. The strain TL13 was resistant to many heavy metals, such as chromium, copper, nickel, cobalt, and arsenic. The 50% TL13 growth inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of HgCl2, CoCl2, K2Cr2O7, CuSO4, NiCl2, FeSO4, and Na2HAsO4 are 368, 445, 676, 1,590, 1,680, 4,403, and 7,007 mg/L, respectively, with the following toxicity order: HgCl2 > CoCl2 > K2Cr2O7 > CuSO4 > NiCl2 > FeSO4 > Na2HAsO4. This new strain was also able to promote the growth of the hybrid tomato (Elika F1) under chromium metal stress. Its whole genome sequence length was estimated to be 3,587,460 bp (3,393 coding sequences) with a G + C content of 70.7%. Functional annotation of the genome of TL13 revealed the presence of open reading frames (ORFs) involved in adaptation to metal stress, such as the chromate transport protein, cobalt–zinc–cadmium resistance protein, copper resistance protein, copper responsive transcriptional regulator, multidrug resistance transporters, arsenical resistance operon repressor, arsenate reductase, arsenic resistance protein, mercuric resistance operon regulatory protein, mercuric ion reductase, and organomercurial lyase. Moreover, genes for the production of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and thioredoxin reductase, which confer a higher tolerance to oxidative/metal stresses, were identified in TL13 genome. In addition, genes for heat shock tolerance, cold shock tolerance, glycine-betaine production, mineral phosphate solubilization, ammonia assimilation, siderophores, exopolysaccharides, polyketides, and lytic enzymes (cellulase, chitinase, and proteases) production that enable bacteria to survive biotic/abiotic stress and to promote plant growth and health were also revealed. Based on genome analysis and experimental approaches, strain TL13 appears to have evolved from various metabolic strategies and could play a role in ensuring sustainable environmental and agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ouertani
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, MBA-LR03ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Awatef Ouertani
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Mahjoubi
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Bousselmi
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Afef Najjari
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, MBA-LR03ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hanene Cherif
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Asma Chamkhi
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Amor Mosbah
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Hechmi Khdhira
- Management Environment Responsible in Tanneries Mégisseries du Maghreb, TMM, Grombalia, Tunisia
| | - Haitham Sghaier
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia.,Laboratory "Energy and Matter for Development of Nuclear Sciences" (LR16CNSTN02), National Center for Nuclear Sciences and Technology (CNSTN), Sidi Thabet Technopark, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Habib Chouchane
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Ameur Cherif
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Neifar
- Univ. Manouba, ISBST, BVBGR-LR11ES31, Biotechpole Sidi Thabet, Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
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