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Boucherabine S, Nassar R, Mohamed L, Habous M, Nabi A, Husain RA, Alfaresi M, Oommen S, Khansaheb HH, Al Sharhan M, Celiloglu H, Raja MH, Abdelkarim E, Ali N, Tausif S, Olowoyeye V, Soares NC, Hachim M, Moradigaravand D, Everett D, Mueller E, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Senok A. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: The Shifting Landscape in the United Arab Emirates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2025; 14:24. [PMID: 39858310 PMCID: PMC11759823 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics14010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Revised: 10/25/2024] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant burden globally, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced rising MRSA prevalence, with increasing diversity in the clonal complexes (CCs) identified. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its increased hospitalization rates and antibiotic use, may have further influenced MRSA's genetic evolution and epidemiology in the country. METHODS To investigate this influence, genomic profiling of 310 MRSA clinical isolates collected between February and November 2022 was performed using a DNA microarray-based assay. RESULTS Isolates were assigned to 22 clonal complexes and 72 distinct strain assignments. The predominant clonal complexes were CC5, CC6, CC361, CC22, CC1, and CC8. Community-acquired MRSA lineages were dominant, with only one healthcare-associated MRSA lineage isolate identified. Upward trends of CC1153 were observed along with rare CCs, such as CC121-MRSA and CC7-MRSA, with the latter being reported for the first time in the Arabian Gulf region. The presence of pandemic strains USA300 CC8-MRSA-[IVa + ACME1] and CC8-MRSA-IV strains were also observed, including variants lacking Panton-Valentine leukocidin (pvl) genes and missing tst1 or enterotoxin genes. The PVL-negative CC772-MRSA-V/VT was identified, representing its first report in the UAE. A novel variant, CC361-MRSA-IV (tst1+/PVL+), was identified. Pvl genes were observed in 36% of the isolates, primarily from skin and soft tissue infections, while fusC (SCC-borne fusidic acid resistance) was identified in 13% of the isolates. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the ongoing evolution of MRSA in the UAE, with the persistence and emergence of diverse and rare clonal complexes, driving the need for continuous genomic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syrine Boucherabine
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (R.N.); (L.M.); (H.H.K.); (V.O.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Rania Nassar
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (R.N.); (L.M.); (H.H.K.); (V.O.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Lobna Mohamed
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (R.N.); (L.M.); (H.H.K.); (V.O.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Maya Habous
- Microbiology & Infection Control Unit, Pathology Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai P.O. Box 4545, United Arab Emirates; (M.H.); (M.H.R.)
| | - Anju Nabi
- Microbiology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai P.O. Box 7272, United Arab Emirates; (A.N.); (R.A.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Riyaz Amirali Husain
- Microbiology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai P.O. Box 7272, United Arab Emirates; (A.N.); (R.A.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mubarak Alfaresi
- Department of Microbiology, National Reference Laboratory, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 92323, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 112412, United Arab Emirates
| | - Seema Oommen
- Laboratory Department, Burjeel Medical City/CoLAB, Abu Dhabi 92510, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Hamda Hassan Khansaheb
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (R.N.); (L.M.); (H.H.K.); (V.O.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Mouza Al Sharhan
- Microbiology Department, Dubai Hospital, Dubai P.O. Box 7272, United Arab Emirates; (A.N.); (R.A.H.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Handan Celiloglu
- Microbiology Department, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai P.O. Box 31500, United Arab Emirates; (H.C.); (N.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Mubarak Hussain Raja
- Microbiology & Infection Control Unit, Pathology Department, Rashid Hospital, Dubai P.O. Box 4545, United Arab Emirates; (M.H.); (M.H.R.)
| | - Eman Abdelkarim
- Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nishi Ali
- Microbiology Department, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai P.O. Box 31500, United Arab Emirates; (H.C.); (N.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Salman Tausif
- Microbiology Department, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai Healthcare City, Dubai P.O. Box 31500, United Arab Emirates; (H.C.); (N.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Victory Olowoyeye
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (R.N.); (L.M.); (H.H.K.); (V.O.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Nelson Cruz Soares
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai Health, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates;
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorne (INSA), 4055 Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Toxicogenomics and Human Health (toxOMICS), NOVA School/Faculdade de Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mahmood Hachim
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (R.N.); (L.M.); (H.H.K.); (V.O.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
| | - Danesh Moradigaravand
- Laboratory of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal P.O. BOX 4700, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Dean Everett
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
- Biotechnology Center, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Infection Research Unit, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Elke Mueller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Leibniz Center for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), 07745 Jena, Germany; (E.M.); (S.M.); (R.E.)
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07737 Jena, Germany
| | - Abiola Senok
- College of Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai P.O. Box 505055, United Arab Emirates; (R.N.); (L.M.); (H.H.K.); (V.O.); (M.H.); (A.S.)
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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Bloomfield LE, Coombs G, Armstrong P. Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, epidemiology and burden on hospitals. Epidemiol Infect 2024; 152:e147. [PMID: 39601098 PMCID: PMC11626457 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268824001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents surveillance data from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2023 for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) notified in the Kimberley region of Western Australia (WA) and describes the region's changing CA-MRSA epidemiology over this period. A subset of CA-MRSA notifications from 1 July 2003 to 30 June 2015 were linked to inpatient and emergency department records. Episodes of care (EOC) during which a positive CA-MRSA specimen was collected within the first 48 hours of admission and emergency presentations (EP) during which a positive CA-MRSA specimen was collected on the same day as presentation were selected and analysed further. Notification rates of CA-MRSA in the Kimberley region of WA increased from 250 cases per 100,000 populations in 2003/2004 to 3,625 cases per 100,000 in 2022/2023, peaking at 6,255 cases per 100,000 in 2016/2017. Since 2010, there has been an increase in notifications of Panton-Valentine leucocidin positive (PVL+) CA-MRSA, predominantly due to the 'Queensland Clone'. PVL+ CA-MRSA infections disproportionately affect younger, Aboriginal people and are associated with an increasing burden on hospital services, particularly emergency departments. It is unclear from this study if PVL+ MRSA are associated with more severe skin and soft-tissue infections, and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Edna Bloomfield
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, WA Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Coombs
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Paul Armstrong
- Communicable Disease Control Directorate, WA Department of Health, Perth, WA, Australia
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Van Nieuwenhuyse B, Balcaen M, Chatzis O, Haenecour A, Derycke E, Detaille T, Clément de Cléty S, Boulanger C, Belkhir L, Yombi JC, De Greef J, Cornu O, Docquier PL, Lentini A, Menten R, Rodriguez-Villalobos H, Verroken A, Djebara S, Merabishvili M, Griselain J, Pirnay JP, Houtekie L, Van der Linden D. Case report: Personalized triple phage-antibiotic combination therapy to rescue necrotizing fasciitis caused by Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing MRSA in a 12-year-old boy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1354681. [PMID: 39355265 PMCID: PMC11442429 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1354681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Maximal standard-of-care (SOC) management could not stop the life-threatening progression of a necrotizing fasciitis induced by Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a 12-year-old boy. Multi-route phage therapy was initiated along with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, eventually leading to full recovery with no reported adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brieuc Van Nieuwenhuyse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pediatric Department (IREC/PEDI), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Balcaen
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga Chatzis
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, General Pediatrics Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid Haenecour
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilien Derycke
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thierry Detaille
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphan Clément de Cléty
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cécile Boulanger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pediatric Department (IREC/PEDI), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Genetics of Autoimmune Diseases and Cancer laboratoire (GEDI), de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leïla Belkhir
- Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC/LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Cyr Yombi
- Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien De Greef
- Division of Internal Medicine and Infectious Disease, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC/LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Cornu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Neuromusculoskeletal Lab (IREC/NMSK), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre-Louis Docquier
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Neuromusculoskeletal Lab (IREC/NMSK), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Lentini
- Departement of Plastic Surgery, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Renaud Menten
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Radiology Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hector Rodriguez-Villalobos
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Microbiology Department (IREC/MBLG), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexia Verroken
- Department of Microbiology, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Microbiology Department (IREC/MBLG), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sarah Djebara
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maya Merabishvili
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Johann Griselain
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Pirnay
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Houtekie
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Van der Linden
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Pediatric Department (IREC/PEDI), Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, General Pediatrics Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain - UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Mauffrey F, Bertelli C, Greub G, Senn L, Blanc DS. Genomic evolution of ST228 SCCmec-I MRSA 10 years after a major nosocomial outbreak. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0020324. [PMID: 38934681 PMCID: PMC11250417 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00203-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the genomic changes in a major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clone following a significant outbreak at a hospital. Whole-genome sequencing of MRSA isolates was utilized to explore the genomic evolution of post-outbreak MRSA strains. The epidemicity of the clone declined over time, coinciding with the introduction of multimodal infection control measures. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified multiple genes significantly associated with either high or low epidemic success, indicating alterations in mobilome, virulence, and defense mechanisms. Random Forest models pinpointed a gene related to fibrinogen binding as the most influential predictor of epidemicity. The decline of the MRSA clone may be attributed to various factors, including the implementation of new infection control measures, single nucleotide polymorphisms accumulation, and the genetic drift of a given clone. This research underscores the complex dynamics of MRSA clones, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of their evolution. The decline in epidemicity seems linked to alterations in the clone's genetic profile, with a probable shift towards decreased virulence and adaptation to long-term carriage. Understanding the genomic basis for the decline of epidemic clones is crucial to develop effective strategies for their surveillance and management, as well as to gain insights into the evolutionary dynamics of pathogen genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Mauffrey
- Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claire Bertelli
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Senn
- Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dominique S. Blanc
- Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Nyasinga J, Munshi Z, Kigen C, Nyerere A, Musila L, Whitelaw A, Ziebuhr W, Revathi G. Displacement of Hospital-Acquired, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones by Heterogeneous Community Strains in Kenya over a 13-Year Period. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1171. [PMID: 38930553 PMCID: PMC11205442 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We determined antibiotic susceptibility and employed Oxford Nanopore whole-genome sequencing to explore strain diversity, resistance, and virulence gene carriage among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains from different infection sites and timepoints in a tertiary Kenyan hospital. Ninety-six nonduplicate clinical isolates recovered between 2010 and 2023, identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility on the VITEK ID/AST platform, were sequenced. Molecular typing, antibiotic resistance, and virulence determinant screening were performed using the relevant bioinformatics tools. The strains, alongside those from previous studies, were stratified into two periods covering 2010-2017 and 2018-2023 and comparisons were made. Mirroring phenotypic profiles, aac(6')-aph(2″) [aminoglycosides]; gyrA (S84L) and grlA (S80Y) [fluoroquinolones]; dfrG [anti-folates]; and tet(K) [tetracycline] resistance determinants dominated the collection. While the proportion of ST239/241-t037-SCCmec III among MRSA reduced from 37.7% to 0% over the investigated period, ST4803-t1476-SCCmec IV and ST152-t355-SCCmec IV were pre-eminent. The prevalence of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) and arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) genes was 38% (33/87) and 6.8% (6/87), respectively. We observed the displacement of HA-MRSA ST239/241-t037-SCCmec III with the emergence of ST152-t355-SCCmec IV and a greater clonal heterogeneity. The occurrence of PVL+/ACME+ CA-MRSA in recent years warrants further investigations into their role in the CA-MRSA virulence landscape, in a setting of high PVL prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Nyasinga
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (J.N.); (Z.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi P.O. Box 52428-00200, Kenya
- Institute of Science, Technology & Innovation, Pan-African University, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya;
| | - Zubair Munshi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (J.N.); (Z.M.)
| | - Collins Kigen
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Kericho P.O. Box 1357-20200, Kenya; (C.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrew Nyerere
- Institute of Science, Technology & Innovation, Pan-African University, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000-00200, Kenya;
| | - Lillian Musila
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research—Africa, Kericho P.O. Box 1357-20200, Kenya; (C.K.); (L.M.)
| | - Andrew Whitelaw
- Division of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa;
| | - Wilma Ziebuhr
- Institute of Molecular Infection Biology, Josef-Schneider Str. 2D/15, D-97080 Wurzburg, Germany;
| | - Gunturu Revathi
- Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University, Nairobi P.O. Box 30270-00100, Kenya; (J.N.); (Z.M.)
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Garrine M, Andrade M, Neves J, Mandomando I, Couto I, Costa SS. Exploring the virulence potential of Staphylococcus aureus CC121 and CC152 lineages related to paediatric community-acquired bacteraemia in Manhiça, Mozambique. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10758. [PMID: 38730020 PMCID: PMC11087594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61345-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent agent of bacteraemia. This bacterium has a variety of virulence traits that allow the establishment and maintenance of infection. This study explored the virulence profile of S. aureus strains causing paediatric bacteraemia (SAB) in Manhiça district, Mozambique. We analysed 336 S. aureus strains isolated from blood cultures of children younger than 5 years admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital between 2001 and 2019, previously characterized for antibiotic susceptibility and clonality. The strains virulence potential was evaluated by PCR detection of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) encoding genes, lukS-PV/lukF-PV, assessment of the capacity for biofilm formation and pathogenicity assays in Galleria mellonella. The overall carriage of PVL-encoding genes was over 40%, although reaching ~ 70 to 100% in the last years (2014 to 2019), potentially linked to the emergence of CC152 lineage. Strong biofilm production was a frequent trait of CC152 strains. Representative CC152 and CC121 strains showed higher virulence potential in the G. mellonella model when compared to reference strains, with variations within and between CCs. Our results highlight the importance of monitoring the emergent CC152-MSSA-PVL+ and other lineages, as they display important virulence traits that may negatively impact the management of SAB paediatric patients in Manhiça district, Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mariana Andrade
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Neves
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inácio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Associate Laboratory in Translation and Innovation Towards Global Health, LA-REAL, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, UNL, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008, Lisbon, Portugal.
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7
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Keinprecht H, Irimaso E, Rosel AC, Stessl B, Ntakirutimana C, Marek L, Fischer OW, Szostak MP, Zöchbauer J, Wittek T, Müller E, Desvars-Larrive A, Feßler AT, Braun SD, Schwarz S, Spergser J, Ehling-Schulz M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Grunert T, Loncaric I. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus associated with mastitis from dairy cows in Rwanda. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2024; 36:326-335. [PMID: 38307251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus from mastitis milk samples of cows in Rwanda. METHODS A total of 1080 quarter milk samples from 279 dairy cows were collected in 80 different farms from all five provinces of Rwanda. In total, 135 S. aureus isolates were obtained and subjected to genotyping (spa typing, DNA microarray, whole-genome sequencing (WGS)), antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and phenotypic profiling by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (including capsular serotyping). RESULTS Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was most frequently observed. Ten sequence types (STs) (ST1, ST151, ST152, ST5477, ST700, ST7110, ST7983, ST7984, ST8320, ST97) belonging to seven clonal complexes (CCs) (CC1, CC130, CC152, CC3591, CC3666, CC705, CC97) were detected. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83) and the human and bovine toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. FTIR-based capsular serotyping showed CC-specific differences. Most CC97 (cap5 allele) isolates were primarily nonencapsulated (82%), whereas isolates of CC3591 and CC3666 (cap8 allele) were mostly encapsulated (86.4% and 57.8%, respectively). Our results underline the widespread global distribution of cattle-adapted CC97. CONCLUSION The presence of CC3591 and CC3666 in bovine mastitis suggests an important role in cattle health and dairy production in Rwanda. The results of the present study support the need for a rigorous One-Health Surveillance program of the bovine-human interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Keinprecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Irimaso
- School of Veterinary Medicine- CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare Campus, Nyagatare, Rwanda, Rwanda
| | - Adriana Cabal Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lydia Marek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Otto W Fischer
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze District, Rwanda
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Zöchbauer
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Clinical Unit of Ruminant Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Amelie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena, Germany; InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena, Germany; Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Loncaric I, Keinprecht H, Irimaso E, Cabal-Rosel A, Stessl B, Ntakirutimana C, Marek L, Fischer OW, Szostak MP, Oberrauch C, Wittek T, Müller E, Desvars-Larrive A, Feßler AT, Braun SD, Schwarz S, Ehling-Schulz M, Monecke S, Ehricht R, Ruppitsch W, Grunert T, Spergser J. Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nares of ruminants. J Appl Microbiol 2024; 135:lxad304. [PMID: 38159931 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To examine the diversity of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nasal swabs of ruminants in Rwanda. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 454 nasal swabs from 203 cows, 170 goats, and 81 sheep were examined for the presence of S. aureus, and 30 S. aureus isolates were detected and characterized pheno- and genotypically. Resistance to penicillin and/or tetracycline was observed. The isolates were assigned to eight different spa types (t21057 (novel), t10103, t18853, t20842, t318, t355, t458, and t9432) belonging to six clonal complexes (CCs) (CC152, CC30, CC3591, CC3666, CC522, and CC97). Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes (lukF-PV/lukS-PV), the bovine leukocidin genes (lukM/lukF-P83), and the human and bovine variants of the toxic shock syndrome toxin gene tst-1 variants were detected. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate that the nares of ruminants in Rwanda are colonized with mastitis-associated S. aureus, including lineages that are also carried by humans, underscoring the zoonotic risk, especially for livestock keepers. These results highlight the crucial importance of hygiene measures when handling livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Loncaric
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Helga Keinprecht
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Emmanuel Irimaso
- School of Veterinary Medicine-CAVM, University of Rwanda, Nyagatare Campus, P.O. Box 210, Nyagatare, Rwanda
| | - Adriana Cabal-Rosel
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Beatrix Stessl
- Unit of Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | | | - Lydia Marek
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Otto W Fischer
- New Vision Veterinary Hospital (NVVH) Northern Province, Musanze district, Rwaza sector, Rwanda
| | - Michael P Szostak
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Celine Oberrauch
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Thomas Wittek
- Clinical Unit of Ruminant Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Elke Müller
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Amelie Desvars-Larrive
- Unit of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Vienna 1080, Austria
| | - Andrea T Feßler
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Sascha D Braun
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR), School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14163, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Stefan Monecke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinik Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ralf Ehricht
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Jena 07745, Germany
- InfectoGnostics Research Campus, Jena 07743, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Tom Grunert
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Trabelsi I, Reuben RC, Stegger M, Torres C. Nasal staphylococci microbiota and resistome in healthy adults in La Rioja, northern Spain: High frequency of toxigenic S. aureus and MSSA-CC398 subclade. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 116:105529. [PMID: 38013047 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the nasal staphylococci diversity and characterized their resistome, with a focus on the mobilome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)-CC398 subclade from healthy adults in La Rioja (northern Spain). Nasal staphylococci recovered from 57 healthy individuals (HI) were identified (MALDI-TOF-MS) and their antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and genetic lineages were studied. The relatedness of MSSA-CC398 isolates was assessed by core-genome single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs). One-hundred-forty-three non-repetitive staphylococci were obtained from most HI (98.2%), of which S. epidermidis (87.7%) and S. aureus (36.8%) were the predominant species. About 15% of the 27 S. aureus and 30.1% of the 116 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. All S. aureus isolates were MSSA but 30.2% of CoNS isolates were mecA-positive and carried SCCmec types III, IV, and V. The highest non-beta-lactam resistance (frequency/genes) in S. aureus and CoNS were: erythromycin-clindamycin-inducible (25.9%/ermT, ermC) and mupirocin (30.1%/mupA), respectively. About 85% of S. aureus isolates carried relevant virulence genes. Eight clonal complexes (CCs) of MSSA were identified, of which CC398 was the predominant (33.3%). About 78% of the CC398 isolates harboured rep13-bound ermT gene, however, one carried a rep10-bound ermC gene. Only the ermT-positive MSSA-CC398 isolates were closely related (<50 SNPs) and carried the φSa3. Diverse MDR-S. epidermidis isolates were identified which included the lineages ST59 and ST210. The high rate of toxigenic S. aureus and of MSSA-CC398 subclade highlight the ability of HI to carry and transmit virulent isolates. Moreover, the high frequency of MDR-CoNS, often linked with SCCmec, needs to be monitored for their potential human health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Islem Trabelsi
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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10
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Kos A, Papić B, Golob M, Avberšek J, Kušar D, Ledina T, Đorđević J, Bulajić S. Genomic Insights into Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci and Mammaliicocci from Bulk Tank Milk of Dairy Farms in Serbia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1529. [PMID: 37887230 PMCID: PMC10604148 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential risk to human and animal health provides a rationale for research on methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) and mammaliicocci (MRM) in dairy herds. Here, we aimed to estimate their occurrence in the bulk tank milk (BTM) samples collected in 2019-2021 from 283 bovine dairy farms in the Belgrade district. We used whole-genome sequencing to characterize the obtained isolates and assess their genetic relatedness. A total of 70 MRS/MRM were recovered, most frequently Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Mammaliicoccus sciuri. Five clusters of 2-4 genetically related isolates were identified and epidemiological data indicated transmission through, e.g., farm visits by personnel or milk collection trucks. Most MRSA isolates belonged to the typical livestock-associated lineage ST398-t034. One MRSA isolate (ST152-t355) harbored the PVL-encoding genes. Since MRS/MRM isolates obtained in this study frequently harbored genes conferring multidrug resistance (MDR), this argues for their role as reservoirs for the spread of antimicrobial resistance genes. The pipeline milking system and total bacterial count >100,000 CFU/mL were significantly associated with higher occurrences of MRS/MRM. Our study confirms that BTM can be a zoonotic source of MRS, including MDR strains. This highlights the urgent need for good agricultural practices and the continuous monitoring of MRS/MRM in dairy farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kos
- Directorate for National Reference Laboratories, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, Batajnički drum 7, 11186 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bojan Papić
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (M.G.); (J.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Majda Golob
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (M.G.); (J.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Jana Avberšek
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (M.G.); (J.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Darja Kušar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (B.P.); (M.G.); (J.A.); (D.K.)
| | - Tijana Ledina
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.L.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Jasna Đorđević
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.L.); (J.Đ.)
| | - Snežana Bulajić
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Oslobođenja 18, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.L.); (J.Đ.)
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Onohuean H, Nwodo UU. Polymorphism and mutational diversity of virulence (vcgCPI/vcgCPE) and resistance determinants (aac(3)-IIa, (aacC2, strA, Sul 1, and 11) among human pathogenic Vibrio species recovered from surface waters in South-Western districts of Uganda. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:94. [PMID: 37801152 PMCID: PMC10558413 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio species are among the autochthonous bacterial populations found in surface waters and associated with various life-threatening extraintestinal diseases, especially in human populations with underlying illnesses and wound infections. Presently, very diminutive information exists regarding these species' mutational diversity of virulence and resistance genes. This study evaluated variations in endonucleases and mutational diversity of the virulence and resistance genes of Vibrio isolates, harboring virulence-correlated gene (vcgCPI), dihydropteroate synthase type 1 and type II genes (Sul 1 and 11), (aadA) aminoglycoside (3'') (9) adenylyltransferase gene, (aac(3)-IIa, (aacC2)a, aminoglycoside N(3)-acetyltransferase III, and (strA) aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase resistance genes. METHODS Using combinations of molecular biology techniques, bioinformatics tools, and sequence analysis. RESULTS Our result revealed various nucleotide variations in virulence determinants of V. vulnificus (vcgCPI) at nucleotide positions (codon) 73-75 (A → G) and 300-302 (N → S). The aminoglycosides resistance gene (aadA) of Vibrio species depicts a nucleotide difference at position 482 (A → G), while the aminoglycosides resistance gene (sul 1 and 11) showed two variable regions of nucleotide polymorphism (102 and 140). The amino acid differences exist with the nucleotide polymorphism at position 140 (A → E). The banding patterns produced by the restriction enzymes HinP1I, MwoI, and StyD4I showed significant variations. Also, the restriction enzyme digestion of protein dihydropteroate synthase type 1 and type II genes (Sul 1 and 11) differed significantly, while enzymes DpnI and Hinf1 indicate no significant differences. The restriction enzyme NlaIV showed no band compared to reference isolates from the GenBank. However, the resistant determinants show significant point nucleotide mutation, which does not produce any amino acid change with diverse polymorphic regions, as revealed in the restriction digest profile. CONCLUSION The described virulence and resistance determinants possess specific polymorphic locus relevant to pathogenomics studies, pharmacogenomic, and control of such water-associated strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hope Onohuean
- Biopharmaceutics Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kampala International University Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
- Biomolecules, Metagenomics, Endocrine and Tropical Disease Research Group (BMETDREG), Kampala International University, Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda.
| | - Uchechukwu U Nwodo
- Patho‑Biocatalysis Group (PBG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag 1314, Alice, 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa
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Arana N, Perez Mora B, Permingeat V, Giordano R, Calderone M, Tuttobene M, Klinke S, Rinaldi J, Müller G, Mussi MA. Light regulation in critical human pathogens of clinical relevance such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2019-2036. [PMID: 37269546 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00437-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is now clearly recognized that light modulates the physiology of many bacterial chemotrophs, either directly or indirectly. An interesting case are bacterial pathogens of clinical relevance. This work summarizes, discusses, and provides novel complementary information to what is currently known about light sensing and responses in critical human pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. These pathogens are associated with severe hospital and community infections difficult to treat due to resistance to multiple drugs. Moreover, light responses in Brucella abortus, an important animal and human pathogen, are also compiled. Evidence recovered so far indicates that light modulates aspects related to pathogenesis, persistence, and antibiotic susceptibility in these pathogens; such as motility, biofilm formation, iron uptake, tolerance to antibiotics, hemolysis and virulence. The pathogens elicit differential responses to light depending likely on their pathophysiology, ability to cause disease and characteristics of the host. The response to light is not restricted to discrete physiological traits but is global. In higher organisms, light provides spatial and temporal information. Then, it is crucial to understand what information light is providing in these bacterial pathogens. Our current hypothesis postulates that light serves as a signal that allows these pathogens to synchronize their behavior to the circadian rhythm of the host, to optimize infection. Advances on the molecular mechanism of light signal transduction and physiological responses to light, as well as in the relation between light and bacterial infection, would not only enlarge our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis but also could potentially provide alternative treatment options for infectious illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Arana
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Perez Mora
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Valentín Permingeat
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rocío Giordano
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Malena Calderone
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Marisel Tuttobene
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Klinke
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, (C1405BWE) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jimena Rinaldi
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Av. Patricias Argentinas 435, (C1405BWE) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Müller
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina.
| | - María Alejandra Mussi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Rosario, Argentina.
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Garrine M, Costa SS, Messa A, Massora S, Vubil D, Ácacio S, Nhampossa T, Bassat Q, Mandomando I, Couto I. Antimicrobial resistance and clonality of Staphylococcus aureus causing bacteraemia in children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital, Mozambique, over two decades. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1208131. [PMID: 37555065 PMCID: PMC10406509 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1208131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of bacteraemia, associated with high mortality, mainly due to the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. Data on antibiotic susceptibility and genetic lineages of bacteraemic S. aureus are still scarce in Mozambique. The study aims to describe the antibiotic susceptibility and clonality of S. aureus isolated from blood cultures of children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital over two decades (2001-2019). METHODS A total of 336 S. aureus isolates detected in blood cultures of children aged <5 years were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion or minimal inhibitory concentration, and for the presence of resistance determinants by PCR. The clonality was evaluated by SmaI-PFGE, spa typing, and MLST. The SCCmec element was characterized by SCCmec typing. RESULTS Most S. aureus (94%, 317/336) were resistant to at least one class of antibiotics, and one quarter (25%) showed a MDR phenotype. High rates of resistance were detected to penicillin (90%) and tetracycline (48%); followed by erythromycin/clindamycin (25%/23%), and co-trimoxazole (11%), while resistance to methicillin (MRSA strains) or gentamicin was less frequent (≤5%). The phenotypic resistance to distinct antibiotics correlated well with the corresponding resistance determinants (Cohen's κ test: 0.7-1.0). Molecular typing revealed highly diverse clones with predominance of CC5 (17%, 58/336) and CC8 (16%), followed by CC15 (11%) and CC1 (11%). The CC152, initially detected in 2001, re-emerged in 2010 and became predominant throughout the remaining surveillance period, while other CCs (CC1, CC5, CC8, CC15, CC25, CC80, and CC88) decreased over time. The 16 MRSA strains detected belonged to clones t064-ST612/CC8-SCCmecIVd (69%, 11/16), t008-ST8/CC8-SCCmecNT (25%, 4/16) and t5351-ST88/CC88-SCCmecIVa (6%, 1/16). Specific clonal lineages were associated with extended length of stay and high in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSION We document the circulation of diverse MDR S. aureus causing paediatric bacteraemia in Manhiça district, Mozambique, requiring a prompt recognition of S. aureus bacteraemia by drug resistant clones to allow more targeted clinical management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelino Garrine
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sofia Santos Costa
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Augusto Messa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sérgio Massora
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Delfino Vubil
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Sozinho Ácacio
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Tacilta Nhampossa
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inacio Mandomando
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde (INS), Ministério da Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Couto
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, UNL, Lisbon, Portugal
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Lynch JP, Zhanel GG. Escalation of antimicrobial resistance among MRSA part 1: focus on global spread. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:99-113. [PMID: 36470275 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2154653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus produce numerous virulence factors that influence tissue invasion, cytotoxicity, membrane damage, and intracellular persistence allowing them to be very common human pathogens. S. aureus isolates exhibit considerable diversity though specific genotypes have been associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and toxin gene profiles. MRSA is an important pathogen causing both community-acquired (CA) and healthcare-acquired (HCA) infections. Importantly, over the past several decades, both HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA have spread all over the globe. Even more concerning is that CA-MRSA clones have disseminated into hospitals and HCA-MRSA have entered the community. Factors that enhance spread of MRSA include: poor antimicrobial stewardship and inadequate infection control. The emergence and spread of multidrug resistant (MDR) MRSA has limited therapeutic options. AREAS COVERED The authors discuss the escalation of MRSA, both HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA across the globe. A literature search of MRSA was performed via PubMed (up to September 2022), using the key words: antimicrobial resistance; β-lactams; community-associated MRSA; epidemiology; infection; multidrug resistance; Staphylococcus aureus. EXPERT OPINION Over the past several decades, MRSA has spread all over the globe. We encourage the judicious use of antimicrobials in accordance with antimicrobial stewardship programs along with infection control measures to minimize the spread of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Lynch
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The David Geffen School of Medicine at Ucla, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - George G Zhanel
- Professor-Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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15
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Phylodynamic signatures in the emergence of community-associated MRSA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2204993119. [PMID: 36322765 PMCID: PMC9659408 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2204993119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Community-associated, methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) lineages have emerged in many geographically distinct regions around the world during the past 30 y. Here, we apply consistent phylodynamic methods across multiple community-associated MRSA lineages to describe and contrast their patterns of emergence and dissemination. We generated whole-genome sequencing data for the Australian sequence type (ST) ST93-MRSA-IV from remote communities in Far North Queensland and Papua New Guinea, and the Bengal Bay ST772-MRSA-V clone from metropolitan communities in Pakistan. Increases in the effective reproduction number (R<sub>e</sub>) and sustained transmission (R<sub>e</sub> > 1) coincided with spread of progenitor methicillin-susceptible <i>S. aureus</i> (MSSA) in remote northern Australian populations, dissemination of the ST93-MRSA-IV genotype into population centers on the Australian East Coast, and subsequent importation into the highlands of Papua New Guinea and Far North Queensland. Applying the same phylodynamic methods to existing lineage datasets, we identified common signatures of epidemic growth in the emergence and epidemiological trajectory of community-associated <i>S. aureus</i> lineages from America, Asia, Australasia, and Europe. Surges in R<sub>e</sub> were observed at the divergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, coinciding with their establishment in regional population centers. Epidemic growth was also observed among drug-resistant MSSA clades in Africa and northern Australia. Our data suggest that the emergence of community-associated MRSA in the late 20th century was driven by a combination of antibiotic-resistant genotypes and host epidemiology, leading to abrupt changes in lineage-wide transmission dynamics and sustained transmission in regional population centers.
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16
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Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158088. [PMID: 35897667 PMCID: PMC9332259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the mechanisms of S. aureus drug resistance including: (1) introduction. (2) resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, with particular emphasis on the mec genes found in the Staphylococcaceae family, the structure and occurrence of SCCmec cassettes, as well as differences in the presence of some virulence genes and its expression in major epidemiological types and clones of HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA, and LA-MRSA strains. Other mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics will also be discussed, such as mutations in the gdpP gene, BORSA or MODSA phenotypes, as well as resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline. (3) Resistance to glycopeptides (VRSA, VISA, hVISA strains, vancomycin tolerance). (4) Resistance to oxazolidinones (mutational and enzymatic resistance to linezolid). (5) Resistance to MLS-B (macrolides, lincosamides, ketolides, and streptogramin B). (6) Aminoglycosides and spectinomicin, including resistance genes, their regulation and localization (plasmids, transposons, class I integrons, SCCmec), and types and spectrum of enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides. (7). Fluoroquinolones (8) Tetracyclines, including the mechanisms of active protection of the drug target site and active efflux of the drug from the bacterial cell. (9) Mupirocin. (10) Fusidic acid. (11) Daptomycin. (12) Resistance to other antibiotics and chemioterapeutics (e.g., streptogramins A, quinupristin/dalfopristin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim) (13) Molecular epidemiology of MRSA.
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Lawal OU, Ayobami O, Abouelfetouh A, Mourabit N, Kaba M, Egyir B, Abdulgader SM, Shittu AO. A 6-Year Update on the Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clones in Africa: A Systematic Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:860436. [PMID: 35591993 PMCID: PMC9113548 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.860436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of hospital-associated (HA) and community-associated (CA) infections globally. The multi-drug resistant nature of this pathogen and its capacity to cause outbreaks in hospital and community settings highlight the need for effective interventions, including its surveillance for prevention and control. This study provides an update on the clonal distribution of MRSA in Africa. Methods A systematic review was conducted by screening for eligible English, French, and Arabic articles from November 2014 to December 2020, using six electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, Web of Science, Scopus, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar). Data were retrieved and analyzed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines (registered at PROSPERO: CRD42021277238). Genotyping data was based primarily on multilocus sequence types (STs) and Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) types. We utilized the Phyloviz algorithm in the cluster analysis and categorization of the MRSA STs into various clonal complexes (CCs). Results We identified 65 studies and 26 publications from 16 of 54 (30%) African countries that provided sufficient genotyping data. MRSA with diverse staphylococcal protein A (spa) and SCCmec types in CC5 and CC8 were reported across the continent. The ST5-IV [2B] and ST8-IV [2B] were dominant clones in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), respectively. Also, ST88-IV [2B] was widely distributed across the continent, particularly in three Portuguese-speaking countries (Angola, Cape Verde, and São Tomé and Príncipe). The ST80-IV [2B] was described in Algeria and Egypt, while the HA-ST239/ST241-III [3A] was only identified in Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa. ST152-MRSA was documented in the DRC, Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive MRSA was observed in several CCs across the continent. The median prevalence of PVL-positive MRSA was 33% (ranged from 0 to 77%; n = 15). Conclusion We observed an increase in the distribution of ST1, ST22, and ST152, but a decline of ST239/241 in Africa. Data on MRSA clones in Africa is still limited. There is a need to strengthen genomic surveillance capacity based on a "One-Health" strategy to prevent and control MRSA in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Uwangbaoje Lawal
- Laboratory of Bacterial Evolution and Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-NOVA), Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Olaniyi Ayobami
- Unit for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance and Consumption, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alaa Abouelfetouh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, AlAlamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt
| | - Nadira Mourabit
- Biotechnology, Environmental Technology and Valorisation of Bio-Resources Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Al Hoceima, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Beverly Egyir
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Shima M Abdulgader
- Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adebayo Osagie Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.,Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Larsen SAH, Kyhl K, Baig S, Petersen A, av Steinum MR, Clemmensen S, Jensen E, á Steig T, Gaini S. Life-Threatening Necrotizing Pneumonia with Panton-Valentine Leukocidin-Producing, Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in a Healthy Male Co-Infected with Influenza B. Infect Dis Rep 2021; 14:12-19. [PMID: 35076575 PMCID: PMC8788275 DOI: 10.3390/idr14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously healthy male was rushed into a hospital critically ill with confusion, sepsis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome only 43 h after having a normal chest X-ray and with blood samples showing only minimally elevated C-reactive protein. Two days earlier, the patient had returned to his home country, the Faroe Islands, from a 10-day work trip aboard a Scandinavian ship in Colombia. The diagnosis turned out to be an influenza B infection and necrotizing pneumonia with Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-producing methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). It was influenza season in Colombia but not in the Faroe Islands. The frequency of MSSA with PVL-encoding genes among pediatric infection patients is very low in the Kingdom of Denmark and Faroe Islands and very high in Colombia, and the frequency generally varies highly by region. The patient in this case now suffers severe sequelae from the infection. With this case, we would like to remind clinicians of this rare but severe condition. PVL-producing S. aureus pneumonia should be considered in critically ill, previously healthy patients, especially during influenza season and if the patient has been traveling in countries with high frequencies of PVL-producing S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Agnete Hjort Larsen
- Medical Department, National Hospital Faroe Islands, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; (K.K.); (M.R.a.S.); (T.á.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Kasper Kyhl
- Medical Department, National Hospital Faroe Islands, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; (K.K.); (M.R.a.S.); (T.á.S.); (S.G.)
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Sharmin Baig
- Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Andreas Petersen
- Bacteria, Parasites & Fungi, Statens Serum Institute, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark; (S.B.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Sissal Clemmensen
- Department of Radiology, National Hospital Faroe Islands, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands;
| | - Elin Jensen
- Department of Intensive Care and Anesthesiology, National Hospital Faroe Islands, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands;
| | - Torkil á Steig
- Medical Department, National Hospital Faroe Islands, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; (K.K.); (M.R.a.S.); (T.á.S.); (S.G.)
| | - Shahin Gaini
- Medical Department, National Hospital Faroe Islands, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; (K.K.); (M.R.a.S.); (T.á.S.); (S.G.)
- Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark
- Centre of Health Research, Department of Science and Technology, University of the Faroe Islands, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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Karampatakis T, Papadopoulos P, Tsergouli K, Angelidis AS, Sergelidis D, Papa A. Genetic characterization of two methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spa type t127 strains isolated from workers in the dairy production chain in Greece. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2021:2021.01460. [PMID: 34133323 DOI: 10.1556/030.2021.01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes a constant threat for the public health. Aim of the present study was to analyse the whole genome sequences of two MRSA strains belonging to Staphylococcus protein A (spa) type t127 isolated from humans working in two distantly located dairy production farms in Greece.MRSA strains were isolated from the nasal cavity of a food handler in a milk industry in Epirus, northwestern Greece (E-MRSA), and a person working in a cattle farm in Thrace, northeastern Greece (T-MRSA). Whole genome sequences taken using next generation sequencing were analysed for resistance and virulence genes applying various bioinformatic tools.Both isolates were assigned to ST1-IVa-t127 type, and they were transferring genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, β-lactams, and aminoglycosides; T-MRSA was carrying additional genes leading to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance. Both isolates were carrying three plasmid replicon types, rep5, rep7 and rep16, while T-MRSA harboured also rep10 and rep15. E-MRSA carried scn and sak genes which were absent from T-MRSA.In conclusion, the genetic characterization of two unrelated ST1-IVa-t127 MRSA strains isolated from humans in close contact with livestock in Greece can be used as basis for further epidemiological and evolutionary studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Karampatakis
- 1Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Papadopoulos
- 2Laboratory of Food Hygiene-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Tsergouli
- 1Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos S Angelidis
- 3Laboratory of Safety and Quality of Milk and Dairy Products, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniel Sergelidis
- 2Laboratory of Food Hygiene-Veterinary Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- 1Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Shittu AO, Mellmann A, Schaumburg F. Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus complex from fomites in Nigeria. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104504. [PMID: 32805430 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fomites serve as a potential route for the transmission of pathogens including community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to humans. Phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses have established the Staphylococcus aureus complex (S. aureus, S. argenteus and S. schweitzeri), however, phenotypic characteristics are insufficient in the delineation of these species. In this study, we describe the S. aureus complex from inanimate surfaces in Nigeria. Fomite samples in Obafemi Awolowo University were initially screened for S. aureus and species differentiation was determined by MALDI-TOF, PCR of the S. aureus specific thermonuclease and the nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes. Characterization of the isolates was based on antimicrobial susceptibility, spa typing, multilocus sequence typing and virulence gene detection (lukS/lukF-PV, chp, sak, scn). Whole-genome sequencing was done for selected isolates. Of the 239 fomites samples, 14 S. aureus and two S. schweitzeri isolates were identified including three MRSA. Genotyping classified the S. aureus isolates into ST8/CC8, ST30/CC30, ST15/ST5875/CC15, ST508/ST5876/CC45, ST121/CC121, ST152/CC152 and ST3961. All the isolates in CC30, CC121, and CC152 were lukS/lukF-PV positive. The MRSA (PVL+) were assigned with CC152. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the S. schweitzeri isolates were closely related with those from fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) in Nigeria. The differentiation of S. aureus from S. schweitzeri was clearly achieved through MALDI-TOF and PCR. Fomites are not only a reservoir for S. aureus but also for S. schweitzeri that was so far recovered primarily in African wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebayo Osagie Shittu
- Department of Microbiology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 22005, Nigeria; Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute for Hygiene, University Hospital Münster, Robert Koch Strasse 41, Münster 48149, Germany.
| | - Frieder Schaumburg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Münster, Domagkstraße 10, Münster 48149, Germany.
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