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Ren Y, Huang P, Zhang L, Tang YF, Luo SL, She Z, Peng H, Chen YQ, Luo JW, Duan WX, Liu LJ, Liu LQ. Dual Regulation Mechanism of Obesity: DNA Methylation and Intestinal Flora. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1633. [PMID: 39200098 PMCID: PMC11351752 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory metabolic disorder, with pathogenesis influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors such as environment and diet. Intestinal microbes and their metabolites play significant roles in the occurrence and development of obesity by regulating energy metabolism, inducing chronic inflammation, and impacting intestinal hormone secretion. Epigenetics, which involves the regulation of host gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequence, provides an exact direction for us to understand how the environment, lifestyle factors, and other risk factors contribute to obesity. DNA methylation, as the most common epigenetic modification, is involved in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases. The epigenetic modification of the host is induced or regulated by the intestinal microbiota and their metabolites, linking the dynamic interaction between the microbiota and the host genome. In this review, we examined recent advancements in research, focusing on the involvement of intestinal microbiota and DNA methylation in the etiology and progression of obesity, as well as potential interactions between the two factors, providing novel perspectives and avenues for further elucidating the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Haikou Hospital of the Maternal and Child Health, Haikou 570100, China
- Department of Children’s Healthcare, Hainan Modern Women and Children’s Medical, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu-Fen Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Sen-Lin Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhou She
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hong Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yu-Qiong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jin-Wen Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Wang-Xin Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ling-Juan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Li-Qun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China; (Y.R.); (P.H.); (L.Z.); (Y.-F.T.); (S.-L.L.); (Z.S.); (H.P.); (Y.-Q.C.); (J.-W.L.); (W.-X.D.); (L.-J.L.)
- Children’s Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Kim B, Song A, Son A, Shin Y. Gut microbiota and epigenetic choreography: Implications for human health: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e39051. [PMID: 39029010 PMCID: PMC11398772 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000039051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The interwoven relationship between gut microbiota and the epigenetic landscape constitutes a pivotal axis in understanding human health and disease. Governed by a myriad of dietary, genetic, and environmental influences, the gut microbiota orchestrates a sophisticated metabolic interplay, shaping nutrient utilization, immune responses, and defenses against pathogens. Recent strides in genomics and metabolomics have shed light on the intricate connections between these microbial influencers and the host's physiological dynamics, presenting a dynamic panorama across diverse disease spectra. DNA methylation and histone modifications, as key players in epigenetics, intricately align with the dynamic orchestration of the gut microbiota. This seamless collaboration, notably evident in conditions like inflammatory bowel disease and obesity, has captured the attention of researchers, prompting an exploration of its nuanced choreography. Nevertheless, challenges abound. Analyzing data is intricate due to the multifaceted nature of the gut microbiota and the limitations of current analytical methods. This underscores the need for a multidisciplinary approach, where diverse disciplines converge to pave innovative research pathways. The integration of insights from microbiome and epigenome studies assumes paramount importance in unraveling the complexities of this intricate partnership. Deciphering the synchronized interactions within this collaboration offers a deeper understanding of these delicate interplays, potentially heralding revolutionary strides in treatment modalities and strategies for enhancing public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailee Kim
- Crescenta Valley High School, La Crescenta, CA
| | - Angel Song
- Harvard-Westlake School, Studio City, CA
| | - Andrew Son
- Bellarmine College Preparatory, San Jose, CA
| | - Yonghwan Shin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Munyoki SK, Goff JP, Kolobaric A, Long A, Mullett SJ, Burns JK, Jenkins AK, DePoy L, Wendell SG, McClung CA, Morrison KE, Jašarević E. Intestinal microbial circadian rhythms drive sex differences in host immunity and metabolism. iScience 2023; 26:107999. [PMID: 37841582 PMCID: PMC10568425 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms dynamically regulate sex differences in metabolism and immunity, and circadian disruption increases the risk of metabolic disorders. We investigated the role of sex-specific intestinal microbial circadian rhythms in host metabolism using germ-free and conventionalized mice and manipulation of dietary-derived fat, fiber, and microbiota-accessible carbohydrates. Our findings demonstrate that sex differences in circadian rhythms of genes involved in immunity and metabolism depend on oscillations in microbiota, microbial metabolic functions, and microbial metabolites. Further, we show that consuming an obesogenic, high-fat, low-fiber diet produced sex-specific changes in circadian rhythms in microbiota, metabolites, and host gene expression, which were linked to sex differences in the severity of metabolic dysfunction. Our results reveal that microbial circadian rhythms contribute to sex differences in immunity and metabolism and that dietary factors can entrain new circadian rhythms and modify the magnitude of sex differences in host-microbe circadian dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Munyoki
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Julie P. Goff
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Armari Long
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven J. Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Burns
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aaron K. Jenkins
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren DePoy
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Colleen A. McClung
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Eldin Jašarević
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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4
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Wang AJ, Song D, Hong YM, Liu NN. Multi-omics insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer in the "microworld" age. Mol Omics 2023; 19:283-296. [PMID: 36916422 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial heterogeneous disease largely due to both genetic predisposition and environmental factors including the gut microbiota, a dynamic microbial ecosystem inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota interacts with the host may contribute to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and promotion of CRC. However, deciphering the influence of genetic variants and interactions with the gut microbial ecosystem is rather challenging. Despite recent advancements in single omics analysis, the application of multi-omics approaches to integrate multiple layers of information in the microbiome and host to introduce effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies is still in its infancy. Here, we integrate host- and microbe-based multi-omics studies, respectively, to provide a strategy to explore potential causal relationships between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. Specifically, we summarize the recent multi-omics studies such as metagenomics combined with metabolomics and metagenomics combined with genomics. Meanwhile, the sample size and sample types commonly used in multi-omics research, as well as the methods of data analysis, were also generalized. We highlight multiple layers of information from multi-omics that need to be verified by different types of models. Together, this review provides new insights into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| | - Dingka Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue-Mei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
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5
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Zeng S, Wang S, Ross RP, Stanton C. The road not taken: host genetics in shaping intergenerational microbiomes. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1180-1192. [PMID: 35773025 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The early-life gut microbiome is linked to human phenotypes as an imbalanced microbiome of this period is implicated in diseases throughout life. Several determinants of early-life gut microbiome are explored, however, mechanisms of acquisition, colonization, and stability of early-life gut microbiome and their interindividual variability remain elusive. Host genetics play a vital role to shape the gut microbiome and interact with it to modulate individual phenotypes in human studies and animal models. Given the microbial linkage between host generations, we discuss the current state of roles of host genetics in forming intergenerational microbiomes associated with mothers, offspring, and those vertically transmitted, providing a basis for taking into account host genetics in future early-life microbiome research. We further expand our discussion to the bidirectional interactions between host gene expression and microbiome in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
| | - Shaopu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland.
| | - R Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, T12 YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, P61 C996, Ireland
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6
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Abstract
The intestinal tract is the entry gate for nutrients and symbiotic organisms, being in constant contact with external environment. DNA methylation is one of the keys to how environmental conditions, diet and nutritional status included, shape functionality in the gut and systemically. This review aims to summarise findings on the importance of methylation to gut development, differentiation and function. Evidence to date on how external factors such as diet, dietary supplements, nutritional status and microbiota modifications modulate intestinal function through DNA methylation is also presented.
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7
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Muehlbauer AL, Richards AL, Alazizi A, Burns MB, Gomez A, Clayton JB, Petrzelkova K, Cascardo C, Resztak J, Wen X, Pique-Regi R, Luca F, Blekhman R. Interspecies variation in hominid gut microbiota controls host gene regulation. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110057. [PMID: 34818542 PMCID: PMC8647622 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome exhibits extreme compositional variation between hominid hosts. However, it is unclear how this variation impacts host physiology across species and whether this effect can be mediated through microbial regulation of host gene expression in interacting epithelial cells. Here, we characterize the transcriptional response of human colonic epithelial cells in vitro to live microbial communities extracted from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. We find that most host genes exhibit a conserved response, whereby they respond similarly to the four hominid microbiomes. However, hundreds of host genes exhibit a divergent response, whereby they respond only to microbiomes from specific host species. Such genes are associated with intestinal diseases in humans, including inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s disease. Last, we find that inflammation-associated microbial species regulate the expression of host genes previously associated with inflammatory bowel disease, suggesting health-related consequences for species-specific host-microbiome interactions across hominids. Muehlbauer et al. investigate how variation between different hominid microbiomes drives host gene expression in colonic epithelial cell cultures. They find that host genes that respond only to microbiomes from a specific hominid species are linked to gastrointestinal diseases, suggesting implications for understanding how the microbiome can impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Muehlbauer
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison L Richards
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Adnan Alazizi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Michael B Burns
- Department of Biology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL 60660, USA
| | - Andres Gomez
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan B Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NB, USA; Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NB, USA
| | - Klara Petrzelkova
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Brno, Czech Republic; Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic; The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Camilla Cascardo
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Justyna Resztak
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Xiaoquan Wen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Nichols RG, Davenport ER. The relationship between the gut microbiome and host gene expression: a review. Hum Genet 2021; 140:747-760. [PMID: 33221945 PMCID: PMC7680557 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-020-02237-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the growing knowledge surrounding host-microbiome interactions, we are just beginning to understand how the gut microbiome influences-and is influenced by-host gene expression. Here, we review recent literature that intersects these two fields, summarizing themes across studies. Work in model organisms, human biopsies, and cell culture demonstrate that the gut microbiome is an important regulator of several host pathways relevant for disease, including immune development and energy metabolism, and vice versa. The gut microbiome remodels host chromatin, causes differential splicing, alters the epigenetic landscape, and directly interrupts host signaling cascades. Emerging techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing and organoid generation have the potential to refine our understanding of the relationship between the gut microbiome and host gene expression in the future. By intersecting microbiome and host gene expression, we gain a window into the physiological processes important for fostering the extensive cross-kingdom interactions and ultimately our health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert G. Nichols
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Emily R. Davenport
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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9
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Ma M, Tu C, Luo J, Lu M, Zhang S, Xu L. Metabolic and immunological effects of gut microbiota in leaf beetles at the local and systemic levels. Integr Zool 2021; 16:313-323. [PMID: 33704889 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insects' intestinal microbes have profound effects on the host's physiological traits, which can impact their physiology at both the local (gut) and systemic (body) levels. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbiota interactions, especially in non-model insects, remain elusive. Recently, tissue-specific transcriptomic analysis has been highlighted as a robust tool in studying host-microbe interactions. Plagiodera versicolora is a worldwide leaf-eating pest that primarily feeds on willows and poplar. The interplay between gut microflora and this host beetle has yet to be studied. Herein, we investigate the effects of the gut microbiota on the body mass of P. versicolora larvae, compare the nutrition status of larvae in absence and presence of gut microbiota, and profile gut bacterial loads throughout its developmental larval stages. We then perform comparative transcriptomic analysis of gut and body tissues in axenic and non-axenic larvae. Finally, we confirm the expression patterns of representative genes in nutritional metabolism and immunity. Results show that weight growth is retarded in conventional larvae, with a concomitant increase of total bacterial load by the 5th development day, and germ-free larvae have a higher glucose content than conventional-reared larvae. Both nutritional and immunological analyses indicate that gut bacteria are a burden in the beetle's larval development. These findings elucidate the impacts of gut microbiota on P. versicolora, and provide insight into tissue-specific responses to gut microflora in this pest at the genetic level, boosting our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions in leaf beetles and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengjie Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shichang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Letian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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10
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Xu X, Gao Z, Yang F, Yang Y, Chen L, Han L, Zhao N, Xu J, Wang X, Ma Y, Shu L, Hu X, Lyu N, Pan Y, Zhu B, Zhao L, Tong X, Wang J. Antidiabetic Effects of Gegen Qinlian Decoction via the Gut Microbiota Are Attributable to Its Key Ingredient Berberine. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2020; 18:721-736. [PMID: 33359679 PMCID: PMC8377040 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gegen Qinlian Decoction (GQD), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has long been used for the treatment of common metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the main limitation of its wider application is ingredient complexity of this formula. Thus, it is critically important to identify the major active ingredients of GQD and to illustrate mechanisms underlying its action. Here, we compared the effects of GQD and berberine, a hypothetical key active pharmaceutical ingredient of GQD, on a diabetic rat model by comprehensive analyses of gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, and ileum transcriptomics. Our results show that berberine and GQD had similar effects on lowering blood glucose levels, modulating gut microbiota, inducing ileal gene expression, as well as relieving systemic and local inflammation. As expected, both berberine and GQD treatment significantly altered the overall gut microbiota structure and enriched many butyrate-producing bacteria, including Faecalibacterium and Roseburia, thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation and lowering glucose. Levels of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces were also significantly elevated after treatment with berberine or GQD. Moreover, concentration of serum proinflammatory cytokines and expression of immune-related genes, including Nfkb1, Stat1, and Ifnrg1, in pancreatic islets were significantly reduced after treatment. Our study demonstrates that the main effects of GQD can be attributed to berberine via modulating gut microbiota. The strategy employed would facilitate further standardization and widespread application of TCM in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizhan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Na Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayue Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinmiao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yue Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lian Shu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaoxi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanlong Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China; Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518034, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Fischer F, Romero R, Hellhund A, Linne U, Bertrams W, Pinkenburg O, Eldin HS, Binder K, Jacob R, Walker A, Stecher B, Basic M, Luu M, Mahdavi R, Heintz-Buschart A, Visekruna A, Steinhoff U. Dietary cellulose induces anti-inflammatory immunity and transcriptional programs via maturation of the intestinal microbiota. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1-17. [PMID: 33079623 PMCID: PMC7583510 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1829962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although it is generally accepted that dietary fiber is health promoting, the underlying immunological and molecular mechanisms are not well defined, especially with respect to cellulose, the most ubiquitous dietary fiber. Here, the impact of dietary cellulose on intestinal microbiota, immune responses and gene expression in health and disease was examined. Lack of dietary cellulose disrupted the age-related diversification of the intestinal microbiota, which subsequently remained in an immature state. Interestingly, one of the most affected microbial genera was Alistipes which is equipped with enzymes to degrade cellulose. Absence of cellulose changed the microbial metabolome, skewed intestinal immune responses toward inflammation, altered the gene expression of intestinal epithelial cells and mice showed increased sensitivity to colitis induction. In contrast, mice with a defined microbiota including A. finegoldii showed enhanced colonic expression of intestinal IL-22 and Reg3γ restoring intestinal barrier function. This study supports the epidemiological observations and adds a causal explanation for the health promoting effects of the most common biopolymer on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Fischer
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rossana Romero
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anne Hellhund
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Linne
- Core Facility for Mass Spectrometry and Elemental Analysis, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bertrams
- Institute for Lung Research, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Pinkenburg
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hosam Shams Eldin
- Experimental Animal Facility, Biomedical Research Center, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kai Binder
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- Department of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alesia Walker
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Bärbel Stecher
- Max Von Pettenkofer-Institute for Hygiene and Clinical Microbiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University München and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maik Luu
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Rouzbeh Mahdavi
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Department Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alexander Visekruna
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steinhoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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12
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Grieneisen L, Muehlbauer AL, Blekhman R. Microbial control of host gene regulation and the evolution of host-microbiome interactions in primates. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190598. [PMID: 32772669 PMCID: PMC7435160 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent comparative studies have found evidence consistent with the action of natural selection on gene regulation across primate species. Other recent work has shown that the microbiome can regulate host gene expression in a wide range of relevant tissues, leading to downstream effects on immunity, metabolism and other biological systems in the host. In primates, even closely related host species can have large differences in microbiome composition. One potential consequence of these differences is that host species-specific microbial traits could lead to differences in gene expression that influence primate physiology and adaptation to local environments. Here, we will discuss and integrate recent findings from primate comparative genomics and microbiome research, and explore the notion that the microbiome can influence host evolutionary dynamics by affecting gene regulation across primate host species. This article is part of the theme issue 'The role of the microbiome in host evolution'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Grieneisen
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amanda L. Muehlbauer
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ran Blekhman
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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13
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Inter-relationship between diet, lifestyle habits, gut microflora, and the equol-producer phenotype: baseline findings from a placebo-controlled intervention trial. Menopause 2020; 26:273-285. [PMID: 30188331 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equol is an active metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut microbiota. It is beneficial to health; however, equol-producing ability varies greatly among individuals. These variations depend on the host's gut microbiota and lifestyle habits including diet. We investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota, lifestyle habits including diet, and equol-producing ability in postmenopausal Japanese women. METHODS We studied 58 postmenopausal Japanese women aged 48 to 69 years who visited the Sendai Medical Center in January, 2018. Self-administered questionnaires assessed their recent and remote food intake histories and lifestyle habits. Fecal microbiome analysis was performed using a next-generation sequencer. Urinary equol was measured using an immunochromatographic strip test. Women with urinary equol concentration >1.0 μM were defined as equol producers. RESULTS Equol-producing bacteria were identified in 97% (56) of women; however, only 13 (22%) were equol producers. Equol producers showed significantly higher microflora diversity (P = 0.002), and significantly different recent and remote food intake patterns compared with equol nonproducers. Higher consumption of foods such as meat, fish, soy, vegetables, and Japanese snacks positively affected microbial diversity and equol production, whereas a high intake of Ramen and smoking showed negative effects. CONCLUSION Equol production might not depend on the quantity, but on the quality of equol-producing bacteria. High microbial diversity might enhance equol production. Increasing microbial diversity through healthy lifestyle habits and habitual consumption of a wide variety of foods might be useful to maintain a healthy gut environment for equol production.
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14
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Allogenic Faecal Microbiota Transfer Induces Immune-Related Gene Sets in the Colon Mucosa of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100586. [PMID: 31597320 PMCID: PMC6843426 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) consists of the introduction of new microbial communities into the intestine of a patient, with the aim of restoring a disturbed gut microbiota. Even though it is used as a potential treatment for various diseases, it is unknown how the host mucosa responds to FMT. This study aims to investigate the colonic mucosa gene expression response to allogenic (from a donor) or autologous (own) FMT in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In a recently conducted randomised, double-blinded, controlled clinical study, 17 IBS patients were treated with FMT by colonoscopy. RNA was isolated from colonic biopsies collected by sigmoidoscopy at baseline, as well as two weeks and eight weeks after FMT. In patients treated with allogenic FMT, predominantly immune response-related gene sets were induced, with the strongest response two weeks after the FMT. In patients treated with autologous FMT, predominantly metabolism-related gene sets were affected. Furthermore, several microbiota genera showed correlations with immune-related gene sets, with different correlations found after allogenic compared to autologous FMT. This study shows that the microbe–host response is influenced by FMT on the mucosal gene expression level, and that there are clear differences in response to allogenic compared to autologous FMT.
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15
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Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with various aspects of human health, but the mechanism of this interaction is still unclear. We utilized a cellular system to characterize the effect of the microbiome on human gene expression. We showed that some of these changes in expression may be mediated by changes in chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, we validate the role of a specific microbe and show that changes in its abundance can modify the host gene expression response. These results show an important role of gut microbiota in regulating host gene expression and suggest that manipulation of microbiome composition could be useful in future therapies. Variation in gut microbiome is associated with wellness and disease in humans, and yet the molecular mechanisms by which this variation affects the host are not well understood. A likely mechanism is that of changing gene regulation in interfacing host epithelial cells. Here, we treated colonic epithelial cells with live microbiota from five healthy individuals and quantified induced changes in transcriptional regulation and chromatin accessibility in host cells. We identified over 5,000 host genes that change expression, including 588 distinct associations between specific taxa and host genes. The taxa with the strongest influence on gene expression alter the response of genes associated with complex traits. Using ATAC-seq, we showed that a subset of these changes in gene expression are associated with changes in host chromatin accessibility and transcription factor binding induced by exposure to gut microbiota. We then created a manipulated microbial community with titrated doses of Collinsella, demonstrating that manipulation of the composition of the microbiome under both natural and controlled conditions leads to distinct and predictable gene expression profiles in host cells. Taken together, our results suggest that specific microbes play an important role in regulating expression of individual host genes involved in human complex traits. The ability to fine-tune the expression of host genes by manipulating the microbiome suggests future therapeutic routes. IMPORTANCE The composition of the gut microbiome has been associated with various aspects of human health, but the mechanism of this interaction is still unclear. We utilized a cellular system to characterize the effect of the microbiome on human gene expression. We showed that some of these changes in expression may be mediated by changes in chromatin accessibility. Furthermore, we validate the role of a specific microbe and show that changes in its abundance can modify the host gene expression response. These results show an important role of gut microbiota in regulating host gene expression and suggest that manipulation of microbiome composition could be useful in future therapies.
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16
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Pero R, Brancaccio M, Laneri S, Biasi MGD, Lombardo B, Scudiero O. A Novel View of Human Helicobacter pylori Infections: Interplay between Microbiota and Beta-Defensins. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060237. [PMID: 31216758 PMCID: PMC6627275 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is significantly involved in the preservation of the immune system of the host, protecting it against the pathogenic bacteria of the stomach. The correlation between gut microbiota and the host response supports human gastric homeostasis. Gut microbes may be shifted in Helicobacter pylori (Hp)-infected individuals to advance gastric inflammation and distinguished diseases. Particularly interesting is the establishment of cooperation between gut microbiota and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the host in the gastrointestinal tract. AMPs have great importance in the innate immune reactions to Hp and participate in conservative co-evolution with an intricate microbiome. β-Defensins, a class of short, cationic, arginine-rich proteins belonging to the AMP group, are produced by epithelial and immunological cells. Their expression is enhanced during Hp infection. In this review, we discuss the impact of the gut microbiome on the host response, with particular regard to β-defensins in Hp-associated infections. In microbial infections, mostly in precancerous lesions induced by Hp infection, these modifications could lead to different outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaela Pero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Task Force sugli Studi del Microbioma, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariarita Brancaccio
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Sonia Laneri
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Via Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | | | - Barbara Lombardo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Olga Scudiero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- Task Force sugli Studi del Microbioma, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via G. Salvatore 486, 80145 Napoli, Italy.
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17
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Allen J, Sears CL. Impact of the gut microbiome on the genome and epigenome of colon epithelial cells: contributions to colorectal cancer development. Genome Med 2019; 11:11. [PMID: 30803449 PMCID: PMC6388476 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-019-0621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the number of studies investigating the impact of the gut microbiome in colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen sharply. As a result, we now know that various microbes (and microbial communities) are found more frequently in the stool and mucosa of individuals with CRC than healthy controls, including in the primary tumors themselves, and even in distant metastases. We also know that these microbes induce tumors in various mouse models, but we know little about how they impact colon epithelial cells (CECs) directly, or about how these interactions might lead to modifications at the genetic and epigenetic levels that trigger and propagate tumor growth. Rates of CRC are increasing in younger individuals, and CRC remains the second most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Hence, a more in-depth understanding of the role that gut microbes play in CRC is needed. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the impact of gut microbes on the genome and epigenome of CECs, as it relates to CRC. Overall, numerous studies in the past few years have definitively shown that gut microbes exert distinct impacts on DNA damage, DNA methylation, chromatin structure and non-coding RNA expression in CECs. Some of the genes and pathways that are altered by gut microbes relate to CRC development, particularly those involved in cell proliferation and WNT signaling. We need to implement more standardized analysis strategies, collate data from multiple studies, and utilize CRC mouse models to better assess these effects, understand their functional relevance, and leverage this information to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawara Allen
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA. .,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Immunotherapy and Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA.
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18
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Adak A, Khan MR. An insight into gut microbiota and its functionalities. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:473-493. [PMID: 30317530 PMCID: PMC11105460 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 596] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota has evolved along with their hosts and is an integral part of the human body. Microbiota acquired at birth develops in parallel as the host develops and maintains its temporal stability and diversity through adulthood until death. Recent developments in genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics and culturomics have enabled researchers to explore the microbiota and in particular their functions at more detailed level than before. The accumulated evidences suggest that though a part of the microbiota is conserved, the dynamic members vary along the gastrointestinal tract, from infants to elderly, primitive tribes to modern societies and in different health conditions. Though the gut microbiota is dynamic, it performs some basic functions in the immunological, metabolic, structural and neurological landscapes of the human body. Gut microbiota also exerts significant influence on both physical and mental health of an individual. An in-depth understanding of the functioning of gut microbiota has led to some very exciting developments in therapeutics, such as prebiotics, probiotics, drugs and faecal transplantation leading to improved health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Adak
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
| | - Mojibur R Khan
- Molecular Biology and Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India.
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19
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Melini V, Melini F. Gluten-Free Diet: Gaps and Needs for a Healthier Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:E170. [PMID: 30650530 PMCID: PMC6357014 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet (GFD) is currently the only effective treatment in remitting the symptoms of coeliac disease (CD), a chronic systemic autoimmune disorder caused by a permanent intolerance to gluten proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. The diet entails the substitution of gluten-containing products with gluten-free-rendered products. However, over recent decades the nutritional profile of gluten-free (GF) food products has been increasingly questioned within the scientific community. The aim of this paper is to review the nutritional profile of gluten-free-rendered products currently available on the market, and discuss the possible relationship thereof with the nutritional status of coeliac patients on a GFD. Key inadequacies of currently available GF products are low protein content and a high fat and salt content. More adequate levels of dietary fiber and sugar than in the past have been reported. Population studies confirmed the above mentioned inadequacies. Further efforts are required to conceive adoptable interventions for product development and reformulation in order to achieve compliance with nutritional recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesca Melini
- CREA Research Centre for Food and Nutrition; Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
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20
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Cuevas-Sierra A, Ramos-Lopez O, Riezu-Boj JI, Milagro FI, Martinez JA. Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Obesity: Links with Host Genetics and Epigenetics and Potential Applications. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S17-S30. [PMID: 30721960 PMCID: PMC6363528 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is involved in the development of obesity and associated comorbidities. It has been reported that the composition of the gut microbiota differs in obese and lean subjects, suggesting that microbiota dysbiosis can contribute to changes in body weight. However, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota participates in energy homeostasis are unclear. Gut microbiota can be modulated positively or negatively by different lifestyle and dietary factors. Interestingly, complex interactions between genetic background, gut microbiota, and diet have also been reported concerning the risk of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome features. Moreover, microbial metabolites can induce epigenetic modifications (i.e., changes in DNA methylation and micro-RNA expression), with potential implications for health status and susceptibility to obesity. Also, microbial products, such as short-chain fatty acids or membrane proteins, may affect host metabolism by regulating appetite, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, inflammation, and other functions. Metabolomic approaches are being used to identify new postbiotics with biological activity in the host, allowing discovery of new targets and tools for incorporation into personalized therapies. This review summarizes the current understanding of the relations between the human gut microbiota and the onset and development of obesity. These scientific insights are paving the way to understanding the complex relation between obesity and microbiota. Among novel approaches, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics, and fecal microbiome transplantation could be useful to restore gut dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cuevas-Sierra
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Physiology and Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Madrid Institute of Advanced Studies (IMDEA Food), Madrid, Spain
- Address correspondence to JAM (e-mail: )
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21
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Ahmed FE, Gouda MM, Hussein LA, Ahmed NC, Vos PW, Mohammad MA. Role of Melt Curve Analysis in Interpretation of Nutrigenomics' MicroRNA Expression Data. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 14:469-481. [PMID: 29109097 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This article illustrates the importance of melt curve analysis (MCA) in interpretation of mild nutrogenomic micro(mi)RNA expression data, by measuring the magnitude of the expression of key miRNA molecules in stool of healthy human adults as molecular markers, following the intake of Pomegranate juice (PGJ), functional fermented sobya (FS), rich in potential probiotic lactobacilli, or their combination. Total small RNA was isolated from stool of 25 volunteers before and following a three-week dietary intervention trial. Expression of 88 miRNA genes was evaluated using Qiagen's 96 well plate RT2 miRNA qPCR arrays. Employing parallel coordinates plots, there was no observed significant separation for the gene expression (Cq) values, using Roche 480® PCR LightCycler instrument used in this study, and none of the miRNAs showed significant statistical expression after controlling for the false discovery rate. On the other hand, melting temperature profiles produced during PCR amplification run, found seven significant genes (miR-184, miR-203, miR-373, miR-124, miR-96, miR-373 and miR-301a), which separated candidate miRNAs that could function as novel molecular markers of relevance to oxidative stress and immunoglobulin function, for the intake of polyphenol (PP)-rich, functional fermented foods rich in lactobacilli (FS), or their combination. We elaborate on these data, and present a detailed review on use of melt curves for analyzing nutigenomic miRNA expression data, which initially appear to show no significant expressions, but are actually more subtle than this simplistic view, necessitating the understanding of the role of MCA for a comprehensive understanding of what the collective expression and MCA data collectively imply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid E Ahmed
- GEM Tox Labs, Institute for Research in Biotechnology, Greenville, NC, U.S.A.
| | - Mostafa M Gouda
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laila A Hussein
- Department of Nutrition & Food Science, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nancy C Ahmed
- GEM Tox Labs, Institute for Research in Biotechnology, Greenville, NC, U.S.A
| | - Paul W Vos
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, U.S.A
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22
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Interaction between Host MicroRNAs and the Gut Microbiota in Colorectal Cancer. mSystems 2018; 3:mSystems00205-17. [PMID: 29795787 PMCID: PMC5954203 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00205-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found an association between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiota. One potential mechanism by which the microbiota can influence host physiology is through affecting gene expression in host cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression and have important roles in cancer development. Here, we investigated the link between the gut microbiota and the expression of miRNA in CRC. We found that dozens of miRNAs are differentially regulated in CRC tumors and adjacent normal colon and that these miRNAs are correlated with the abundance of microbes in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we found that microbes that have been previously associated with CRC are correlated with miRNAs that regulate genes related to interactions with microbes. Notably, these miRNAs likely regulate glycan production, which is important for the recruitment of pathogenic microbial taxa to the tumor. This work provides a first systems-level map of the association between microbes and host miRNAs in the context of CRC and provides targets for further experimental validation and potential interventions. Although variation in gut microbiome composition has been linked with colorectal cancer (CRC), the factors that mediate the interactions between CRC tumors and the microbiome are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate CRC progression and are associated with patient survival outcomes. In addition, recent studies suggested that host miRNAs can also regulate bacterial growth and influence the composition of the gut microbiome. Here, we investigated the association between miRNA expression and microbiome composition in human CRC tumor and normal tissues. We identified 76 miRNAs as differentially expressed (DE) in tissue from CRC tumors and normal tissue, including the known oncogenic miRNAs miR-182, miR-503, and mir-17~92 cluster. These DE miRNAs were correlated with the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa, including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. Bacteria correlated with DE miRNAs were enriched with distinct predicted metabolic categories. Additionally, we found that miRNAs that correlated with CRC-associated bacteria are predicted to regulate targets that are relevant for host-microbiome interactions and highlight a possible role for miRNA-driven glycan production in the recruitment of pathogenic microbial taxa. Our work characterized a global relationship between microbial community composition and miRNA expression in human CRC tissues. IMPORTANCE Recent studies have found an association between colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gut microbiota. One potential mechanism by which the microbiota can influence host physiology is through affecting gene expression in host cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that can regulate gene expression and have important roles in cancer development. Here, we investigated the link between the gut microbiota and the expression of miRNA in CRC. We found that dozens of miRNAs are differentially regulated in CRC tumors and adjacent normal colon and that these miRNAs are correlated with the abundance of microbes in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, we found that microbes that have been previously associated with CRC are correlated with miRNAs that regulate genes related to interactions with microbes. Notably, these miRNAs likely regulate glycan production, which is important for the recruitment of pathogenic microbial taxa to the tumor. This work provides a first systems-level map of the association between microbes and host miRNAs in the context of CRC and provides targets for further experimental validation and potential interventions.
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Meisel JS, Sfyroera G, Bartow-McKenney C, Gimblet C, Bugayev J, Horwinski J, Kim B, Brestoff JR, Tyldsley AS, Zheng Q, Hodkinson BP, Artis D, Grice EA. Commensal microbiota modulate gene expression in the skin. MICROBIOME 2018; 6:20. [PMID: 29378633 PMCID: PMC5789709 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0404-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin harbors complex communities of resident microorganisms, yet little is known of their physiological roles and the molecular mechanisms that mediate cutaneous host-microbe interactions. Here, we profiled skin transcriptomes of mice reared in the presence and absence of microbiota to elucidate the range of pathways and functions modulated in the skin by the microbiota. RESULTS A total of 2820 genes were differentially regulated in response to microbial colonization and were enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms related to the host-immune response and epidermal differentiation. Innate immune response genes and genes involved in cytokine activity were generally upregulated in response to microbiota and included genes encoding toll-like receptors, antimicrobial peptides, the complement cascade, and genes involved in IL-1 family cytokine signaling and homing of T cells. Our results also reveal a role for the microbiota in modulating epidermal differentiation and development, with differential expression of genes in the epidermal differentiation complex (EDC). Genes with correlated co-expression patterns were enriched in binding sites for the transcription factors Klf4, AP-1, and SP-1, all implicated as regulators of epidermal differentiation. Finally, we identified transcriptional signatures of microbial regulation common to both the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. CONCLUSIONS With this foundational approach, we establish a critical resource for understanding the genome-wide implications of microbially mediated gene expression in the skin and emphasize prospective ways in which the microbiome contributes to skin health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn S Meisel
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Georgia Sfyroera
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Casey Bartow-McKenney
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ciara Gimblet
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Julia Bugayev
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joseph Horwinski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brian Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan R Brestoff
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amanda S Tyldsley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brendan P Hodkinson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Grice
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd, 1015 BRB II/III, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Small CM, Milligan-Myhre K, Bassham S, Guillemin K, Cresko WA. Host Genotype and Microbiota Contribute Asymmetrically to Transcriptional Variation in the Threespine Stickleback Gut. Genome Biol Evol 2017; 9:504-520. [PMID: 28391321 PMCID: PMC5381569 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies of interactions between hosts and their resident microbes have revealed important ecological and evolutionary consequences that emerge from these complex interspecies relationships, including diseases that occur when the interactions go awry. Given the preponderance of these interactions, we hypothesized that effects of the microbiota on gene expression in the developing gut—an important aspect of host biology—would be pervasive, and that these effects would be both comparable in magnitude to and contingent on effects of the host genetic background. To evaluate the effects of the microbiota, host genotype, and their interaction on gene expression in the gut of a genetically diverse, gnotobiotic host model, the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), we compared RNA-seq data among 84 larval fish. Surprisingly, we found that stickleback population and family differences explained substantially more gene expression variation than the presence of microbes. Expression levels of 72 genes, however, were affected by our microbiota treatment. These genes, including many associated with innate immunity, comprise a tractable subset of host genetic factors for precise, systems-level study of host–microbe interactions in the future. Importantly, our data also suggest subtle signatures of a statistical interaction between host genotype and the microbiota on expression patterns of genetic pathways associated with innate immunity, coagulation and complement cascades, focal adhesion, cancer, and peroxisomes. These genotype-by-environment interactions may prove to be important leads to the understanding of host genetic mechanisms commonly at the root of sometimes complex molecular relationships between hosts and their resident microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton M Small
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | | | - Susan Bassham
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - William A Cresko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
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Functional Genomics of Host-Microbiome Interactions in Humans. Trends Genet 2017; 34:30-40. [PMID: 29107345 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The human microbiome has been linked to various host phenotypes and has been implicated in many complex human diseases. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have used microbiome variation as a complex trait and have uncovered human genetic variants that are associated with the microbiome. Here we summarize results from these studies and illustrate potential regulatory mechanisms by which host genetic variation can interact with microbiome composition. We argue that, similar to human GWASs, it is important to use functional genomics techniques to gain a mechanistic understanding of causal host-microbiome interactions and their role in human disease. We highlight experimental, functional, and computational genomics methodologies for the study of the genomic basis of host-microbiome interactions and describe how these approaches can be utilized to explain how human genetic variation can modulate the effects of the microbiome on the host.
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Eid HM, Wright ML, Anil Kumar NV, Qawasmeh A, Hassan STS, Mocan A, Nabavi SM, Rastrelli L, Atanasov AG, Haddad PS. Significance of Microbiota in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases and the Modulatory Potential by Medicinal Plant and Food Ingredients. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:387. [PMID: 28713266 PMCID: PMC5493053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of three or more metabolic disorders including insulin resistance, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. Obesity has become the epidemic of the twenty-first century with more than 1.6 billion overweight adults. Due to the strong connection between obesity and type 2 diabetes, obesity has received wide attention with subsequent coining of the term "diabesity." Recent studies have identified unique contributions of the immensely diverse gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes. Several mechanisms have been proposed including altered glucose and fatty acid metabolism, hepatic fatty acid storage, and modulation of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1. Importantly, the relationship between unhealthy diet and a modified gut microbiota composition observed in diabetic or obese subjects has been recognized. Similarly, the role of diet rich in polyphenols and plant polysaccharides in modulating gut bacteria and its impact on diabetes and obesity have been the subject of investigation by several research groups. Gut microbiota are also responsible for the extensive metabolism of polyphenols thus modulating their biological activities. The aim of this review is to shed light on the composition of gut microbes, their health importance and how they can contribute to diseases as well as their modulation by polyphenols and polysaccharides to control obesity and diabetes. In addition, the role of microbiota in improving the oral bioavailability of polyphenols and hence in shaping their antidiabetic and antiobesity activities will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda M. Eid
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Beni-SuefBeni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Michelle L. Wright
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory UniversityAtlanta, GA, United States
| | - N. V. Anil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal UniversityManipal, India
| | | | - Sherif T. S. Hassan
- Department of Natural Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences BrnoBrno, Czechia
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj-Napoca, Romania
- ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary MedicineCluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed M. Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran, Iran
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec, Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of ViennaVienna, Austria
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Pierre S. Haddad
- Natural Health Products and Metabolic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de MontréalMontréal, QC, Canada
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research Team in Aboriginal Antidiabetic MedicinesMontréal, QC, Canada
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