1
|
Lucidi M, Visaggio D, Migliaccio A, Capecchi G, Visca P, Imperi F, Zarrilli R. Pathogenicity and virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii: Factors contributing to the fitness in healthcare settings and the infected host. Virulence 2024; 15:2289769. [PMID: 38054753 PMCID: PMC10732645 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2289769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a common cause of healthcare-associated infections and hospital outbreaks, particularly in intensive care units. Much of the success of A. baumannii relies on its genomic plasticity, which allows rapid adaptation to adversity and stress. The capacity to acquire novel antibiotic resistance determinants and the tolerance to stresses encountered in the hospital environment promote A. baumannii spread among patients and long-term contamination of the healthcare setting. This review explores virulence factors and physiological traits contributing to A. baumannii infection and adaptation to the hospital environment. Several cell-associated and secreted virulence factors involved in A. baumannii biofilm formation, cell adhesion, invasion, and persistence in the host, as well as resistance to xeric stress imposed by the healthcare settings, are illustrated to give reasons for the success of A. baumannii as a hospital pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Lucidi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniela Visaggio
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Visca
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Imperi
- Department of Science, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaele Zarrilli
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peregrino ES, Castañeda-Casimiro J, Vázquez-Flores L, Estrada-Parra S, Wong-Baeza C, Serafín-López J, Wong-Baeza I. The Role of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles in the Immune Response to Pathogens, and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6210. [PMID: 38892397 PMCID: PMC11172497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria have several mechanisms to evade the host's immune response and achieve an efficient infection. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a relevant cellular communication mechanism, since they can interact with other bacterial cells and with host cells. In this review, we focus on the EVs produced by some World Health Organization (WHO) priority Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria; by spore-producing bacteria; by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (a bacteria with a complex cell wall); and by Treponema pallidum (a bacteria without lipopolysaccharide). We describe the classification and the general properties of bacterial EVs, their role during bacterial infections and their effects on the host immune response. Bacterial EVs contain pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate innate immune receptors, which leads to cytokine production and inflammation, but they also contain antigens that induce the activation of B and T cell responses. Understanding the many effects of bacterial EVs on the host's immune response can yield new insights on the pathogenesis of clinically important infections, but it can also lead to the development of EV-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. In addition, since EVs are efficient activators of both the innate and the adaptive immune responses, they constitute a promising platform for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliud S. Peregrino
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
| | - Jessica Castañeda-Casimiro
- Posgrado en Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (E.S.P.); (J.C.-C.)
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Luis Vázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Sergio Estrada-Parra
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Carlos Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.V.-F.); (C.W.-B.)
| | - Jeanet Serafín-López
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| | - Isabel Wong-Baeza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (S.E.-P.); (J.S.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang L, Zeng Q, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. Proteome analysis of outer membrane vesicles from Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108082. [PMID: 38447863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A specific strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND) causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), leading to significant losses in shrimp aquaculture. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are naturally secreted by Gram-negative bacteria, and their significant roles in host-pathogen interactions and pathogenicity have been recognized. In the present study, OMVs were isolated from VpAHPND by differential-ultracentrifugation and used for proteomics analysis. In the Nano-HPLC-MS/MS analysis, totally 645 proteins were determined, including virulence factors, immunogenic proteins, outer membrane protein, bacterial secretory proteins, ribosomal proteins, protease, and iron regulation proteins. Furthermore, GO and KEGG annotations indicated that proteins identified in VpAHPND-OMVs are involved in metabolism, regulation of multiple biological processes, genetic information processes, immunity and more. Meanwhile, toxin proteins PirAvp and PirBvp, associated with VpAHPND pathogenicity, were also identified in the proteome of VpAHPND-OMVs. Our objective is to identify the protein composition of OMVs released by VpAHPND, analyzing the potential for cytotoxicity and immunomodulatory activity of these granule hosts. This study is crucial for understanding the roles played by bacterial-derived vesicles in the disease process, given that these vesicles carry relevant activities inherent to the bacteria that produce them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Qifan Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou 061101, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China; Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou 061101, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572024, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Singh A, Nice JB, Wu M, Brown AC, Wittenberg NJ. Multivariate Analysis of Individual Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles Using Fluorescence Microscopy. CHEMICAL & BIOMEDICAL IMAGING 2024; 2:352-361. [PMID: 38817321 PMCID: PMC11134603 DOI: 10.1021/cbmi.4c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play a critical role in cell-cell communication and virulence. OMVs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents for various biological applications such as vaccines and targeted drug delivery. However, the full potential of OMVs is currently constrained by inherent heterogeneities, such as size and cargo differences, and traditional ensemble assays are limited in their ability to reveal OMV heterogeneity. To overcome this issue, we devised an innovative approach enabling the identification of various characteristics of individual OMVs. This method, employing fluorescence microscopy, facilitates the detection of variations in size and surface markers. To demonstrate our method, we utilize the oral bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) which produces OMVs with a bimodal size distribution. As part of its virulence, A. actinomycetemcomitans secretes leukotoxin (LtxA) in two forms: soluble and surface associated with the OMVs. We observed a correlation between the size and toxin presence where larger OMVs were much more likely to possess LtxA compared to the smaller OMVs. In addition, we noted that, among the smallest OMVs (<100 nm diameter), the fractions that are toxin positive range from 0 to 30%, while the largest OMVs (>200 nm diameter) are between 70 and 100% toxin positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aarshi
N. Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Justin B Nice
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Meishan Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Angela C. Brown
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Nathan J. Wittenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Weng Z, Yang N, Shi S, Xu Z, Chen Z, Liang C, Zhang X, Du X. Outer Membrane Vesicles from Acinetobacter baumannii: Biogenesis, Functions, and Vaccine Application. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:49. [PMID: 38250862 PMCID: PMC10818702 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on Acinetobacter baumannii, a Gram-negative bacterium that causes various infections and whose multidrug resistance has become a significant challenge in clinical practices. There are multiple bacterial mechanisms in A. baumannii that participate in bacterial colonization and immune responses. It is believed that outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) budding from the bacteria play a significant role in mediating bacterial survival and the subsequent attack against the host. Most OMVs originate from the bacterial membranes and molecules are enveloped in them. Elements similar to the pathogen endow OMVs with robust virulence, which provides a new direction for exploring the pathogenicity of A. baumannii and its therapeutic pathways. Although extensive research has been carried out on the feasibility of OMV-based vaccines against pathogens, no study has yet summarized the bioactive elements, biological activity, and vaccine applicability of A. baumannii OMVs. This review summarizes the components, biogenesis, and function of OMVs that contribute to their potential as vaccine candidates and the preparation methods and future directions for their development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheqi Weng
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Shujun Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zining Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Zixu Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Chen Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Xingran Du
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Meng R, Zeng M, Ji Y, Huang X, Xu M. The potential role of gut microbiota outer membrane vesicles in colorectal cancer. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270158. [PMID: 38029123 PMCID: PMC10661380 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant digestive tract tumor in colorectal regions. Considerable evidence now shows that the gut microbiota have essential roles in CRC occurrence and development. Most Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) via outer membrane blistering, which contain specific cargoes which interact with host cells via intercellular communications, host immune regulation, and gut microbiota homeostasis. Studies have also shown that OMVs selectively cluster near tumor cells, thus cancer treatment strategies based on OMVs have attracted considerable research attention. However, little is known about the possible impact of gut microbiota OMVs in CRC pathophysiology. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the research progress on molecular composition and function of OMV, and review the microbial dysbiosis in CRC. We then focus on the potential role of gut microbiota OMVs in CRC. Finally, we examine the clinical potential of OMVs in CRC treatment, and their main advantages and challenges in tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minmin Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banerjee S, Halder P, Das S, Maiti S, Bhaumik U, Dutta M, Chowdhury G, Kitahara K, Miyoshi SI, Mukhopadhyay AK, Dutta S, Koley H. Pentavalent outer membrane vesicles immunized mice sera confers passive protection against five prevalent pathotypes of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in neonatal mice. Immunol Lett 2023; 263:33-45. [PMID: 37734682 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) pathotypes are one of the major causative agents of diarrhoea induced childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Licensed vaccines providing broad spectrum protection against DEC mediated infections are not available. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are microvesicles released by gram-negative bacteria during the growth phase and contain multiple immunogenic proteins. Based on prevalence of infections, we have formulated a pentavalent outer-membrane vesicles (POMVs) based immunogen targeting five main pathotypes of DEC responsible for diarrhoeal diseases. Following isolation, OMVs from five DEC pathotypes were mixed in equal proportions to formulate POMVs and 10 µg of the immunogen was intraperitoneally administered to adult BALB/c mice. Three doses of POMVs induced significant humoral immune response against whole cell lysates (WCLs), outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from DEC pathotypes along with significant induction of cellular immune response in adult mice. Passive transfer of POMVs immunized adult mice sera protected neonatal mice significantly against DEC infections. Overall, this study finds POMVs to be immunogenic in conferring broad-spectrum passive protection to neonatal mice against five main DEC pathotypes. Altogether, these findings suggest that POMVs can be used as a potent vaccine candidate to ameliorate the DEC-mediated health burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumalya Banerjee
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Prolay Halder
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Sanjib Das
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Suhrid Maiti
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Ushasi Bhaumik
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Moumita Dutta
- Division of Electron Microscopy, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India; Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Kei Kitahara
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan; Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Japan; Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases at ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33 CIT Road, Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jaswal K, Behnsen J. Robbing the thief. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1597-1599. [PMID: 37827119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella employs an arsenal of different tools to obtain iron. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Spiga et al. add to these mechanisms, revealing that commensal Bacteroides species use a specialized lipoprotein to acquire catecholate siderophores from Enterobacteriaceae, only to have them reacquired by Salmonella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jaswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Spiga L, Fansler RT, Perera YR, Shealy NG, Munneke MJ, David HE, Torres TP, Lemoff A, Ran X, Richardson KL, Pudlo N, Martens EC, Folta-Stogniew E, Yang ZJ, Skaar EP, Byndloss MX, Chazin WJ, Zhu W. Iron acquisition by a commensal bacterium modifies host nutritional immunity during Salmonella infection. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1639-1654.e10. [PMID: 37776864 PMCID: PMC10599249 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
During intestinal inflammation, host nutritional immunity starves microbes of essential micronutrients, such as iron. Pathogens scavenge iron using siderophores, including enterobactin; however, this strategy is counteracted by host protein lipocalin-2, which sequesters iron-laden enterobactin. Although this iron competition occurs in the presence of gut bacteria, the roles of commensals in nutritional immunity involving iron remain unexplored. Here, we report that the gut commensal Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron acquires iron and sustains its resilience in the inflamed gut by utilizing siderophores produced by other bacteria, including Salmonella, via a secreted siderophore-binding lipoprotein XusB. Notably, XusB-bound enterobactin is less accessible to host sequestration by lipocalin-2 but can be "re-acquired" by Salmonella, allowing the pathogen to evade nutritional immunity. Because the host and pathogen have been the focus of studies of nutritional immunity, this work adds commensal iron metabolism as a previously unrecognized mechanism modulating the host-pathogen interactions and nutritional immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisella Spiga
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan T Fansler
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yasiru R Perera
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicolas G Shealy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew J Munneke
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Holly E David
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Teresa P Torres
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Xinchun Ran
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Katrina L Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas Pudlo
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eric C Martens
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ewa Folta-Stogniew
- Keck Foundation Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Zhongyue J Yang
- Departments of Chemistry, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chen S, Lei Q, Zou X, Ma D. The role and mechanisms of gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles in inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1157813. [PMID: 37398647 PMCID: PMC10313905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1157813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical, bilayered, and nanosized membrane vesicles that are secreted from gram-negative bacteria. OMVs play a pivotal role in delivering lipopolysaccharide, proteins and other virulence factors to target cells. Multiple studies have found that OMVs participate in various inflammatory diseases, including periodontal disease, gastrointestinal inflammation, pulmonary inflammation and sepsis, by triggering pattern recognition receptors, activating inflammasomes and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction. OMVs also affect inflammation in distant organs or tissues via long-distance cargo transport in various diseases, including atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we primarily summarize the role of OMVs in inflammatory diseases, describe the mechanism through which OMVs participate in inflammatory signal cascades, and discuss the effects of OMVs on pathogenic processes in distant organs or tissues with the aim of providing novel insights into the role and mechanism of OMVs in inflammatory diseases and the prevention and treatment of OMV-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang L, Zhao Y, Yao Y, Lou J, Zhao Y, Hu B. Adding siderophores: A new strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129319. [PMID: 37315620 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microbial community is the primary driver causing the greenhouse gas emissions in composting. Thus, regulating the microbial communities is a strategy to reduce them. Here, two different siderophores (enterobactin and putrebactin) were added, which could bind and translocate iron by specific microbes, to regulate the composting communities. The results showed that adding enterobactin enriched Acinetobacter and Bacillus with specific receptors by 6.84-fold and 6.78-fold. It promoted carbohydrate degradation and amino acid metabolism. This resulted in a 1.28-fold increase in humic acid content, as well as a 14.02% and 18.27% decrease in CO2 and CH4 emissions, respectively. Meanwhile, adding putrebactin boosted the microbial diversity by 1.21-fold and enhanced potential microbial interactions by 1.76-fold. The attenuated denitrification process led to a 1.51-fold increase in the total nitrogen content and a 27.47% reduction in N2O emissions. Overall, adding siderophores is an efficient strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and promote the compost quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Jiang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuting Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Yao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingxuan Lou
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baolan Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Escribano MP, Balado M, Toranzo AE, Lemos ML, Magariños B. The secretome of the fish pathogen Tenacibaculum maritimum includes soluble virulence-related proteins and outer membrane vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1197290. [PMID: 37360528 PMCID: PMC10288586 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1197290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenacibaculum maritimum, the etiological agent of tenacibaculosis in marine fish, constitutively secretes extracellular products (ECPs) in which protein content has not been yet comprehensively studied. In this work, the prevalence of extracellular proteolytic and lipolytic activities related to virulence was analyzed in 64 T. maritimum strains belonging to the O1-O4 serotypes. The results showed the existence of a great intra-specific heterogeneity in the enzymatic capacity, particularly within serotype O4. Thus, the secretome of a strain belonging to this serotype was characterized by analyzing the protein content of ECPs and the possible production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Notably, the ECPs of T. maritimum SP9.1 contain a large amount of OMVs that were characterized by electron microscopy and purified. Thus, ECPs were divided into soluble (S-ECPs) and insoluble fractions (OMVs), and their protein content was analyzed by a high-throughput proteomic approach. A total of 641 proteins were identified in ECPs including some virulence-related factors, which were mainly found in one of the fractions, either OMVs or S-ECPs. Outer membrane proteins such as TonB-dependent siderophore transporters and the type IX secretion system (T9SS)-related proteins PorP, PorT, and SprA appeared to be mainly associated with OMVs. By contrast, putative virulence factors such as sialidase SiaA, chondroitinase CslA, sphingomyelinase Sph, ceramidase Cer, and collagenase Col were found only in the S-ECPs. These findings clearly demonstrate that T. maritimum releases, through surface blebbing, OMVs specifically enriched in TonB-dependent transporters and T9SS proteins. Interestingly, in vitro and in vivo assays also showed that OMVs could play a key role in virulence by promoting surface adhesion and biofilm formation and maximizing the cytotoxic effects of the ECPs. The characterization of T. maritimum secretome provides insights into ECP function and can constitute the basis for future studies aimed to elucidate the full role of OMVs in the pathogenesis of fish tenacibaculosis.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lei EK, Ryan S, van Faassen H, Foss M, Robotham A, Baltat I, Fulton K, Henry KA, Chen W, Hussack G. Isolation and characterization of a VHH targeting the Acinetobacter baumannii cell surface protein CsuA/B. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12594-1. [PMID: 37284893 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacterial pathogen that exhibits high intrinsic resistance to antimicrobials, with treatment often requiring the use of last-resort antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant strains have become increasingly prevalent, underscoring a need for new therapeutic interventions. The aim of this study was to use A. baumannii outer membrane vesicles as immunogens to generate single-domain antibodies (VHHs) against bacterial cell surface targets. Llama immunization with the outer membrane vesicle preparations from four A. baumannii strains (ATCC 19606, ATCC 17961, ATCC 17975, and LAC-4) elicited a strong heavy-chain IgG response, and VHHs were selected against cell surface and/or extracellular targets. For one VHH, OMV81, the target antigen was identified using a combination of gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and binding studies. Using these techniques, OMV81 was shown to specifically recognize CsuA/B, a protein subunit of the Csu pilus, with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 17 nM. OMV81 specifically bound to intact A. baumannii cells, highlighting its potential use as a targeting agent. We anticipate the ability to generate antigen-specific antibodies against cell surface A. baumannii targets could provide tools for further study and treatment of this pathogen. KEY POINTS: •Llama immunization with bacterial OMV preparations for VHH generation •A. baumannii CsuA/B, a pilus subunit, identified by mass spectrometry as VHH target •High-affinity and specific VHH binding to CsuA/B and A. baumannii cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Lei
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Ryan
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Henk van Faassen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Foss
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Robotham
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isabel Baltat
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Fulton
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin A Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wangxue Chen
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
A Disturbed Siderophore Transport Inhibits Myxobacterial Predation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233718. [PMID: 36496980 PMCID: PMC9738627 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the intrinsic mechanisms of bacterial competition is a fundamental question. Iron is an essential trace nutrient that bacteria compete for. The most prevalent manner for iron scavenging is through the secretion of siderophores. Although tremendous efforts have focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of siderophores biosynthesis, export, uptake, and regulation of siderophores, the ecological aspects of siderophore-mediated competition are not well understood. METHODS We performed predation and bacterial competition assays to investigate the function of siderophore transport on myxobacterial predation. RESULTS Deletion of msuB, which encodes an iron chelate uptake ABC transporter family permease subunit, led to a reduction in myxobacterial predation and intracellular iron, but iron deficiency was not the predominant reason for the decrease in the predation ability of the ∆msuB mutant. We further confirmed that obstruction of siderophore transport decreased myxobacterial predation by investigating the function of a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase for siderophore biosynthesis, a TonB-dependent receptor, and a siderophore binding protein in M. xanthus. Our results showed that the obstruction of siderophores transport decreased myxobacterial predation ability through the downregulation of lytic enzyme genes, especially outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-specific proteins. CONCLUSIONS This work provides insight into the mechanism of siderophore-mediated competition in myxobacteria.
Collapse
|
15
|
Iron Acquisition Mechanisms and Their Role in the Virulence of Acinetobacter baumannii. Infect Immun 2022; 90:e0022322. [PMID: 36066263 PMCID: PMC9584212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00223-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for survival of most organisms. One mechanism of host defense is to tightly chelate iron to several proteins to limit its extracellular availability. This has forced pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii to adapt mechanisms for the acquisition and utilization of iron even in iron-limiting conditions. A. baumannii uses a variety of iron acquisition strategies to meet its iron requirements. It can lyse erythrocytes to harvest the heme molecules, use iron-chelating siderophores, and use outer membrane vesicles to acquire iron. Iron acquisition pathways, in general, have been seen to affect many other virulence factors such as cell adherence, cell motility, and biofilm formation. The knowledge gained from research on iron acquisition led to the synthesis of the antibiotic cefiderocol, which uses iron uptake pathways for entry into the cell with some success as a novel cephalosporin. Understanding the mechanisms of iron acquisition of A. baumannii allows for insight into clinical infections and offer potential targets for novel antibiotics or potentiators of current drugs.
Collapse
|