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Zhang Z, Qin X, Yi T, Li Y, Li C, Zeng M, Luo H, Lin X, Xie J, Xia B, Lin Y, Lin L. Gubra Amylin-NASH Diet Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Associated with Histological Damage, Oxidative Stress, Immune Disorders, Gut Microbiota, and Its Metabolic Dysbiosis in Colon. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300845. [PMID: 38966885 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE The overall changes of colon under nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remain to be further elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS This study establishes a mouse model of NAFLD through a long-term Gubra Amylin-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet (GAN diet). The results show that GAN diet significantly induces weight gain, liver steatosis, colonic oxidative stress, and lipid accumulation in blood, liver, and adipose tissue in mice. GAN feeding reduces the diversity of the gut microbiota, alters the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota, and leads to an increase in microbial metabolites such as long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and secondary bile acids (BAs), as well as a decrease in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The RNA-seq and immunofluorescence results reveal that the GAN diet alters the expression of proteins and their coding genes involved in oxidative stress, immune response, and barrier function in colon tissue, such as lipocalin-2 (Lcn2, p < 0.05), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1/Hmox1, p < 0.05), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and claudin-3/7. In addition, correlation analysis indicates a strong correlation between the changes in gut microbiota and lipid biomarkers. Additionally, the expression of immune related genes in colon tissue is related to the LCFAs produced by microbial metabolism. CONCLUSION GAN-induced NAFLD is related to microbiota and its metabolic imbalance, oxidative stress, immune disorders, and impaired barrier function in colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Xinyi Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Tao Yi
- College of Xiangxing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yamei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Chengfeng Li
- College of Xiangxing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Min Zeng
- College of Xiangxing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Hongshan Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Xiulian Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Jingchen Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Bohou Xia
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Yan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
| | - Limei Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, China
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Ratsika A, Codagnone MG, Bastiaanssen TFS, Hoffmann Sarda FA, Lynch CMK, Ventura-Silva AP, Rosell-Cardona C, Caputi V, Stanton C, Fülling C, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Maternal high-fat diet-induced microbiota changes are associated with alterations in embryonic brain metabolites and adolescent behaviour. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:317-330. [PMID: 39032541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The developing central nervous system is highly sensitive to nutrient changes during the perinatal period, emphasising the potential impact of alterations of maternal diet on offspring brain development and behaviour. A growing body of research implicates the gut microbiota in neurodevelopment and behaviour. Maternal overweight and obesity during the perinatal period has been linked to changes in neurodevelopment, plasticity and affective disorders in the offspring, with implications for microbial signals from the maternal gut. Here we investigate the impact of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD)-induced changes in microbial signals on offspring brain development, and neuroimmune signals, and the enduring effects on behaviour into adolescence. We first demonstrate that maternal caecal microbiota composition at term pregnancy (embryonic day 18: E18) differs significantly in response to maternal diet. Moreover, mHFD resulted in the upregulation of microbial genes in the maternal intestinal tissue linked to alterations in quinolinic acid synthesis and elevated kynurenine levels in the maternal plasma, both neuronal plasticity mediators related to glutamate metabolism. Metabolomics of mHFD embryonic brains at E18 also detected molecules linked to glutamate-glutamine cycle, including glutamic acid, glutathione disulphide, and kynurenine. During adolescence, the mHFD offspring exhibited increased locomotor activity and anxiety-like behaviour in a sex-dependent manner, along with upregulation of glutamate-related genes compared to controls. Overall, our results demonstrate that maternal exposure to high-fat diet results in microbiota changes, behavioural imprinting, altered brain metabolism, and glutamate signalling during critical developmental windows during the perinatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ratsika
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Martin G Codagnone
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Fabiana A Hoffmann Sarda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Caoimhe M K Lynch
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Ana Paula Ventura-Silva
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Cristina Rosell-Cardona
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Valentina Caputi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | | | - Christine Fülling
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork T12YT20, Ireland.
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Maki KA, Wallen GR, Bastiaanssen TF, Hsu LY, Valencia ME, Ramchandani VA, Schwandt ML, Diazgranados N, Cryan JF, Momenan R, Barb JJ. The gut-brain axis in individuals with alcohol use disorder: An exploratory study of associations among clinical symptoms, brain morphometry, and the gut microbiome. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1261-1277. [PMID: 38982564 PMCID: PMC11239122 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is commonly associated with distressing psychological symptoms. Pathologic changes associated with AUD have been described in both the gut microbiome and brain, but the mechanisms underlying gut-brain signaling in individuals with AUD are unknown. This study examined associations among the gut microbiome, brain morphometry, and clinical symptoms in treatment-seeking individuals with AUD. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of data collected during inpatient treatment for AUD in subjects who provided gut microbiome samples and had structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; n = 16). Shotgun metagenomics sequencing was performed, and the morphometry of brain regions of interest was calculated. Clinical symptom severity was quantified using validated instruments. Gut-brain modules (GBMs) used to infer neuroactive signaling potential from the gut microbiome were generated in addition to microbiome features (e.g., alpha diversity and bacterial taxa abundance). Bivariate correlations were performed between MRI and clinical features, microbiome and clinical features, and MRI and microbiome features. RESULTS Amygdala volume was significantly associated with alpha diversity and the abundance of several bacteria including taxa classified to Blautia, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Phocaeicola. There were moderate associations between amygdala volume and GBMs, including butyrate synthesis I, glutamate synthesis I, and GABA synthesis I & II, but these relationships were not significant after false discovery rate (FDR) correction. Other bacterial taxa with shared associations to MRI features and clinical symptoms included Escherichia coli and Prevotella copri. CONCLUSIONS We identified gut microbiome features associated with MRI morphometry and AUD-associated symptom severity. Given the small sample size and bivariate associations performed, these results require confirmation in larger samples and controls to provide meaningful clinical inferences. Nevertheless, these results will inform targeted future research on the role of the gut microbiome in gut-brain communication and how signaling may be altered in patients with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Maki
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gwenyth R. Wallen
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomaz F.S. Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Li-Yueh Hsu
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael E. Valencia
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vijay A. Ramchandani
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melanie L. Schwandt
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nancy Diazgranados
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John F. Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland and Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Reza Momenan
- Clinical NeuroImaging Research Core, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Barb
- Translational Biobehavioral and Health Disparities Branch, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Ren C, Hong B, Zhang S, Yuan D, Feng J, Shan S, Zhang J, Guan L, Zhu L, Lu S. Autoclaving-treated germinated brown rice relieves hyperlipidemia by modulating gut microbiota in humans. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1403200. [PMID: 38826585 PMCID: PMC11140153 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1403200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Germinated brown rice is a functional food with a promising potential for alleviating metabolic diseases. This study aimed to explore the hypolipidemic effects of autoclaving-treated germinated brown rice (AGBR) and the underlying mechanisms involving gut microbiota. Methods Dietary intervention with AGBR or polished rice (PR) was implemented in patients with hyperlipidemia for 3 months, and blood lipids were analyzed. Nutritional characteristics of AGBR and PR were measured and compared. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing was performed to reveal the differences in gut microbiota between the AGBR and PR groups. Results AGBR relieves hyperlipidemia in patients, as evidenced by reduced levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein-B, and elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein-A1. In terms of nutrition, AGBR had significantly higher concentrations of free amino acids (10/16 species), γ-aminobutyric acid, resistant starch, soluble dietary fiber, and flavonoids (11/13 species) than PR. In addition, higher microbial abundance, diversity, and uniformity were observed in the AGBR group than in the PR group. At the phylum level, AGBR reduced Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Synergistota, and elevated Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota. At the genus level, AGBR elevated Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Dialister, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium, and reduced Escherichia-Shigella, Blautia, Romboutsia, and Turicibacter. Discussion AGBR contributes to the remission of hyperlipidemia by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanying Ren
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Food Processing, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Province Engineering Research Center of Whole Grain Nutritious Food, Harbin, China
| | - Bin Hong
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Di Yuan
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Junran Feng
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lijun Guan
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwen Lu
- Food Processing Research Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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Wang J, Dong J, Zhong F, Wu S, An G, Liao W, Qi L, Ma Y. Microbiome-Metabolome Analysis Insight into the Effects of the Extract of Phyllanthus emblica L. on High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia. Metabolites 2024; 14:257. [PMID: 38786734 PMCID: PMC11123125 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L. (FEPE) has a long history of use in Asian folk medicine. The main bioactive compounds in FEPE are polyphenols, known for their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic activities. The present study aimed to investigate the intervention effect of FEPE (100 and 200 mg/kg) on hyperlipidemia for 8 weeks and preliminarily explored the potential mechanism by microbiome-metabolome analysis. The results showed that a high-dose FEPE (200 mg/kg) effectively alleviated dyslipidaemic symptoms and body weight gain in hyperlipidemic mice induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). Microbiome analysis showed that FEPE altered the structure of the intestinal microbiota, which included an increase in specific probiotics (such as Akkermansia, Anaerovorax, and Bacteroides) and a decrease in harmful bacteria (including A2, Acetitomaculum, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK4B4_group, Rikenella, and Streptococcus), as well as a reduction in the level of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, significant changes in the hepatic metabolome were observed, and eight key metabolites associated with betaine metabolism, lysine degradation, methionine metabolism, and fatty acid metabolism pathways were primarily filtered. The correlated analysis identified several key "microbiota-metabolite" axes in the treatment of hyperlipidemia by FEPE extract. In conclusion, the present study is expected to provide a basis for treating hyperlipidemia with FEPE from the perspective of the microbiome-liver metabolome axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jijing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Furong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Sha Wu
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Guangqin An
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Luming Qi
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuntong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
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Muller E, Shiryan I, Borenstein E. Multi-omic integration of microbiome data for identifying disease-associated modules. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2621. [PMID: 38521774 PMCID: PMC10960825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46888-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multi-omic studies of the human gut microbiome are crucial for understanding its role in disease across multiple functional layers. Nevertheless, integrating and analyzing such complex datasets poses significant challenges. Most notably, current analysis methods often yield extensive lists of disease-associated features (e.g., species, pathways, or metabolites), without capturing the multi-layered structure of the data. Here, we address this challenge by introducing "MintTea", an intermediate integration-based approach combining canonical correlation analysis extensions, consensus analysis, and an evaluation protocol. MintTea identifies "disease-associated multi-omic modules", comprising features from multiple omics that shift in concord and that collectively associate with the disease. Applied to diverse cohorts, MintTea captures modules with high predictive power, significant cross-omic correlations, and alignment with known microbiome-disease associations. For example, analyzing samples from a metabolic syndrome study, MintTea identifies a module with serum glutamate- and TCA cycle-related metabolites, along with bacterial species linked to insulin resistance. In another dataset, MintTea identifies a module associated with late-stage colorectal cancer, including Peptostreptococcus and Gemella species and fecal amino acids, in line with these species' metabolic activity and their coordinated gradual increase with cancer development. This work demonstrates the potential of advanced integration methods in generating systems-level, multifaceted hypotheses underlying microbiome-disease interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efrat Muller
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itamar Shiryan
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elhanan Borenstein
- Blavatnik School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA.
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7
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Zhang J, Zhou J, He Z, Li H. Bacteroides and NAFLD: pathophysiology and therapy. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1288856. [PMID: 38572244 PMCID: PMC10988783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1288856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition observed globally, with the potential to progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any drugs for the treatment of NAFLD. NAFLD is characterized by histopathological abnormalities in the liver, such as lipid accumulation, steatosis, hepatic balloon degeneration, and inflammation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and its metabolites significantly contribute to the initiation and advancement of NAFLD. Bacteroides, a potential probiotic, has shown strong potential in preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD. However, the precise mechanism by which Bacteroides treats NAFLD remains uncertain. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the role of Bacteroides and its metabolites in the treatment of NAFLD, focusing on their ability to reduce liver inflammation, mitigate hepatic steatosis, and enhance intestinal barrier function. Additionally, we summarize how Bacteroides alleviates pathological changes by restoring the metabolism, improving insulin resistance, regulating cytokines, and promoting tight-junctions. A deeper comprehension of the mechanisms through which Bacteroides is involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD should aid the development of innovative drugs targeting NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheyun He
- Liver Diseases Institute, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongshan Li
- Liver Disease Department of Integrative Medicine, Ningbo No. 2 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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Kei N, Cheung KK, Ma KL, Yau TK, Lauw S, Wong VWS, You L, Cheung PCK. Effects of Oat β-Glucan and Inulin on Alleviation of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Aggravated by Circadian Disruption in C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3520-3535. [PMID: 38333950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This was the first study that examined the effects of oat β-glucan and inulin on diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in circadian-disrupted (CD)-male C57BL/6J mice. CD intensified NASH, significantly increasing alanine aminotransferase and upregulating hepatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and transforming growth factor β 1 (TGFβ1). However, these observations were significantly alleviated by oat β-glucan and inulin treatments. Compared to CD NASH mice, oat β-glucan significantly decreased the liver index, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and insulin. In prebiotic-treated and CD NASH mice, significant negative correlations were found between enrichment of Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-036 (Harlan), Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-001 (NCI), and Bacteroides ovatus after oat β-glucan supplementation with TNFα and TGFβ1 levels; and enrichment of Muribaculaceae bacterium Isolate-110 (HZI) after inulin supplementation with AST level. In conclusion, oat β-glucan and inulin exhibited similar antiliver injury, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic activities but had no effect on cecal short-chain fatty acids and gut microbiota diversity in CD NASH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Kei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Kuen Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Ka Lee Ma
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tsz Kwan Yau
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Susana Lauw
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR , China
| | - Vincent Wai Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lijun You
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Food Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR , China
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Meng X, Shu Q. Novel primers to identify a wider diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:76. [PMID: 38252387 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03872-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Butyrate-producing bacteria are a functionally important part of the intestinal tract flora, and the resulting butyric acid is essential for maintaining host intestinal health, regulating the immune system, and influencing energy metabolism. However, butyrate-producing bacteria have not been defined as a coherent phylogenetic group. They are primarily identified using primers for key genes in the butyrate-producing pathway, and their use has been limited to the Bacillota and Bacteroidetes phyla. To overcome this limitation, we developed functional gene primers able to identify butyrate-producing bacteria through the butyrate kinase gene, which encodes the enzyme involved in the final step of the butyrate-producing pathway. Genomes extracted from human and rat feces were used to amplify the target genes through PCR. The obtained sequences were analyzed using BLASTX to construct a developmental tree using the MEGA software. The newly designed butyrate kinase gene primers allowed to recognize a wider diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria than that recognized using currently available primers. Specifically, butyrate-producing bacteria from the Synergistota and Spirochaetota phyla were identified for the first time using these primers. Thus, the developed primers provide a more accurate method for researchers and doctors to identify potential butyrate-producing bacteria and deepen our understanding of butyrate-producing bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Meng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qinglong Shu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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10
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Tintoré M, Cuñé J, Vu LD, Poppe J, Van den Abbeele P, Baudot A, de Lecea C. A Long-Chain Dextran Produced by Weissella cibaria Boosts the Diversity of Health-Related Gut Microbes Ex Vivo. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:51. [PMID: 38248481 PMCID: PMC10813514 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Long-chain dextrans are α-glucans that can be produced by lactic acid bacteria. NextDextTM, a specific long-chain dextran with a high degree of polymerisation, produced using Weissella cibaria, was recently shown to exert prebiotic potential in vitro. In this study, the ex vivo SIFR® technology, recently validated to provide predictive insights into gut microbiome modulation down to the species level, was used to investigate the effects of this long-chain dextran on the gut microbiota of six human adults that altogether covered different enterotypes. A novel community modulation score (CMS) was introduced based on the strength of quantitative 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the highly controlled ex vivo conditions. This CMS overcomes the limitations of traditional α-diversity indices and its application in the current study revealed that dextran is a potent booster of microbial diversity compared to the reference prebiotic inulin (IN). Long-chain dextran not only exerted bifidogenic effects but also consistently promoted Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides distasonis and butyrate-producing species like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Anaerobutyricum hallii. Further, long-chain dextran treatment resulted in lower gas production compared to IN, suggesting that long-chain dextran could be better tolerated. The additional increase in Bacteroides for dextran compared to IN is likely related to the higher propionate:acetate ratio, attributing potential to long-chain dextran for improving metabolic health and weight management. Moreover, the stimulation of butyrate by dextran suggests its potential for improving gut barrier function and inflammation. Overall, this study provides a novel tool for assessing gut microbial diversity ex vivo and positions long-chain dextran as a substrate that has unique microbial diversity enhancing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tintoré
- AB Biotek Human Nutrition and Health, Peterborough PE7 8QJ, UK
| | - Jordi Cuñé
- AB Biotek Human Nutrition and Health, Peterborough PE7 8QJ, UK
| | - Lam Dai Vu
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.V.)
| | - Jonas Poppe
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.V.)
| | | | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium; (L.D.V.)
| | - Carlos de Lecea
- AB Biotek Human Nutrition and Health, Peterborough PE7 8QJ, UK
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11
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McMillan AS, Foley MH, Perkins CE, Theriot CM. Loss of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron bile acid-altering enzymes impacts bacterial fitness and the global metabolic transcriptome. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0357623. [PMID: 38018975 PMCID: PMC10783122 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03576-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Recent work on bile salt hydrolases (BSHs) in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bacteroides, has primarily focused on how they can impact host physiology. However, the benefits bile acid metabolism confers to the bacterium that performs it are not well understood. In this study, we set out to define if and how Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) uses its BSHs and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase to modify bile acids to provide a fitness advantage for itself in vitro and in vivo. Genes encoding bile acid-altering enzymes were able to impact how B. theta responds to nutrient limitation in the presence of bile acids, specifically carbohydrate metabolism, affecting many polysaccharide utilization loci. This suggests that B. theta may be able to shift its metabolism, specifically its ability to target different complex glycans including host mucin, when it comes into contact with specific bile acids in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S. McMillan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Genetics Program, College of Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew H. Foley
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Caroline E. Perkins
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Casey M. Theriot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Zhu C, Li Y, Liu G, Abdullah AL, Jiang Q. Effects of nanoplastics on the gut microbiota of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16743. [PMID: 38188162 PMCID: PMC10771760 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) are an abundant, long-lasting, and widespread type of environmental pollution that is of increasing concern because of the serious threats they might pose to ecosystems and species. Identifying the ecological effects of plastic pollution requires understanding the effects of NPs on aquatic organisms. Here, we used the Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) as a model species to investigate whether ingestion of polystyrene NPs affects gut microbes and leads to metabolic changes in L. vannamei. The abundance of Proteobacteria increased and that of Bacteroidota decreased after NPs treatment. Specifically, Vibrio spp., photobacterium spp., Xanthomarina spp., and Acinetobacter spp. increased in abundance, whereas Sulfitobacter spp. and Pseudoalteromonas spp. decreased. Histological observations showed that L. vannamei exposed to NP displayed a significantly lower intestinal fold height and damaged intestinal structures compared with the control group. Exposure to NPs also stimulated alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, and acid phosphatase activity, resulting in an immune response in L. vannamei. In addition, the content of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and glucose were significantly altered after NP exposure. These results provided significant ecotoxicological data that can be used to better understand the biological fate and effects of NPs in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhu
- Geography, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Yiming Li
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoxing Liu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Low-temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish (Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Nanjing, China
| | - Anisah Lee Abdullah
- Geography, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, China
- Low-temperature Germplasm Bank of Important Economic Fish (Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province) of Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology Resources (Agricultural Germplasm Resources) Coordination Service Platform, Nanjing, China
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13
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Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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14
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Wojciechowska O, Costabile A, Kujawska M. The gut microbiome meets nanomaterials: exposure and interplay with graphene nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6349-6364. [PMID: 38024319 PMCID: PMC10662184 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00696d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based nanoparticles are widely applied in many technology and science sectors, raising concerns about potential health risks. Emerging evidence suggests that graphene-based nanomaterials may interact with microorganisms, both pathogens and commensal bacteria, that dwell in the gut. This review aims to demonstrate the current state of knowledge on the interplay between graphene nanomaterials and the gut microbiome. In this study, we briefly overview nanomaterials, their usage and the characteristics of graphene-based nanoparticles. We present and discuss experimental data from in vitro studies, screening tests on small animals and rodent experiments related to exposure and the effects of graphene nanoparticles on gut microbiota. With this in mind, we highlight the reported crosstalk between graphene nanostructures, the gut microbial community and the host immune system in order to shed light on the perspective to bear on the biological interactions. The studies show that graphene-based material exposure is dosage and time-dependent, and different derivatives present various effects on host bacteria cells. Moreover, the route of graphene exposure might influence a shift in the gut microbiota composition, including the alteration of functions and diversity and abundance of specific phyla or genera. However, the mechanism of graphene-based nanomaterials' influence on gut microbiota is poorly understood. Accordingly, this review emphasises the importance of studies needed to establish the most desirable synthesis methods, types of derivatives, properties, and safety aspects mainly related to the routes of exposure and dosages of graphene-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Wojciechowska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Rokietnicka 3 Poznan 60-806 Poland
| | - Adele Costabile
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton London SW15 4JD UK
| | - Małgorzata Kujawska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences Rokietnicka 3 Poznan 60-806 Poland
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15
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Chen X, Hou C, Yao L, Li J, Gui M, Wang M, Zhou X, Lu B, Fu D. Dietary inflammation index is associated with dyslipidemia: evidence from national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2019. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:149. [PMID: 37689717 PMCID: PMC10492364 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01914-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS This study aimed to investigate the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and dyslipidemia, as well as to evaluate the mortality risk associated with DII in participants with dyslipidemia. METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database were divided into dyslipidemia and non-dyslipidemia groups. The association between DII and dyslipidemia was investigated using the weighted chi-square test, weighted t-test, and weighted logistic regression. Weighted Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for all-cause and cardiovascular disease-related mortality within the dyslipidemia group. RESULTS A total of 17,820 participants, including 4,839 without and 12,981 with dyslipidemia were analyzed in this study. The results showed that DII was higher in the dyslipidemia group compared to the non-dyslipidemia group (1.42 ± 0.03 vs. 1.23 ± 0.04, P < 0.01). However, for energy, protein, carbohydrates, total fat, saturated fat, and iron, DII was lower in participants with dyslipidemia. Logistic regression analysis revealed a strong positive association between DII and dyslipidemia. The odds ratios for dyslipidemia from Q1 to Q4 were 1.00 (reference), 1.12 (0.96-1.31), 1.23 (1.04-1.44), and 1.33 (1.11-1.59), respectively. In participants with dyslipidemia, a high DII was associated with high all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION DII was closely associated with dyslipidemia. A pro-inflammatory diet may play a role in unfavorable consequences and is linked to both all-cause mortality and cardiovascular death in patients with dyslipidemia. Participants with dyslipidemia should pay attention to their anti-inflammatory dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhe Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingtai Gui
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xunjie Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Deyu Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Choi KJ, Yoon MY, Kim JE, Yoon SS. Gut commensal Kineothrix alysoides mitigates liver dysfunction by restoring lipid metabolism and gut microbial balance. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14668. [PMID: 37674003 PMCID: PMC10482948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, is a widespread liver condition characterized by excessive fat buildup in hepatocytes without significant alcohol consumption. Manipulation of the gut microbiome has been considered to prevent and improve the occurrence and progression of MASLD, particularly through the gut-liver axis. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the gut microbiome and liver function and determine whether the gut microbiome can ameliorate MASLD. We comparatively analyzed the gut microbiome composition between mice fed normal chow and those fed a high-fat diet and observed that the abundance of Kineothrix alysoides decreased in the high-fat group. Further analysis showed that treatment with K. alysoides in the high-fat diet group led to decreased weight loss, and MASLD attenuation. Importantly, K. alysoides treatment attenuated MASLD in mice fed a high-fat, high-fructose diet (HFHF), which can cause advanced liver damage. Furthermore, administration of K. alysoides altered the gut microbial composition in the HFHF diet group and improved MASLD. Overall, these findings demonstrate the potential of K. alysoides in restoring gut health and facilitating lipid metabolism to prevent and treat MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Sang Sun Yoon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute of Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- BioMe Inc., Seoul, South Korea.
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17
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Parunyakul K, Chuchoiy A, Kooltueon S, Puttagamnerd P, Srisuksai K, Santativongchai P, Pongchairerk U, Tulayakul P, E-kobon T, Fungfuang W. Effect of the oil from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis on gut microbiome diversity and metabolism in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289073. [PMID: 37506097 PMCID: PMC10381048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat can alter host metabolism and gut microbial composition. Crocodile oil (CO) was extracted from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis. CO, rich in monounsaturated- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been reported to reduce inflammation, counter toxification, and improve energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CO on gut microbiota (GM) in laboratory mice as well as the accompanying metabolic changes in the animals. Forty-five C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups and orally administrated either sterile water (control [C]); 1 or 3% (v/w) CO (CO-low [CO-L] and CO-high [CO-H], respectively); or 1 or 3% (v/w) palm oil (PO-low and PO-high, respectively) for 11 weeks. Body weight gain, food intake, energy intake, blood glucose levels, and blood lipid profiles were determined. Samples from colon tissue were collected and the 16S rRNA genes were pyrosequenced to clarify GM analyses. The results showed that there were no differences in body weight and blood glucose levels. Food intake by the mice in the CO-L and CO-H groups was statistically significantly less when compared to that by the animals in the C group. However, neither CO treatment had a statistically significant effect on calorie intake when compared to the controls. The CO-H exhibited a significant increase in serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein but showed a downward trend in triglyceride levels compared to the control. The GM analyses revealed that both CO treatments have no significant influence on bacterial diversity and relative abundance at the phylum level, whereas increases of Choa1 and abundance-based coverage estimator indexes, distinct β-diversity, and Proteobacteria abundance were observed in the PO-high group compared with the C group. Furthermore, the abundance of Azospirillum thiophilum and Romboutsia ilealis was significantly higher in the CO-L and CO-H groups which could be associated with energy metabolic activity. Thus, CO may be an alternative fat source for preserving host metabolism and gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongphop Parunyakul
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aphisara Chuchoiy
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasiporn Kooltueon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Krittika Srisuksai
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Santativongchai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Veterinary Sciences (International Program), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urai Pongchairerk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phitsanu Tulayakul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Teerasak E-kobon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirasak Fungfuang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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18
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McMillan AS, Foley MH, Perkins CE, Theriot CM. Loss of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron bile acid altering enzymes impact bacterial fitness and the global metabolic transcriptome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.27.546749. [PMID: 37425690 PMCID: PMC10327073 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.27.546749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (B. theta) is a Gram-negative gut bacterium that encodes enzymes that alter the bile acid pool in the gut. Primary bile acids are synthesized by the host liver and are modified by gut bacteria. B. theta encodes two bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), as well as a hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDH). We hypothesize that B. theta modifies the bile acid pool in the gut to provide a fitness advantage for itself. To investigate each gene's role, different combinations of genes encoding bile acid altering enzymes (bshA, bshB, and hsdhA) were knocked out by allelic exchange, including a triple KO. Bacterial growth and membrane integrity assays were done in the presence and absence of bile acids. To explore if B. theta's response to nutrient limitation changes due to the presence of bile acid altering enzymes, RNASeq analysis of WT and triple KO strains in the presence and absence of bile acids was done. WT B. theta is more sensitive to deconjugated bile acids (CA, CDCA, and DCA) compared to the triple KO, which also decreased membrane integrity. The presence of bshB is detrimental to growth in conjugated forms of CDCA and DCA. RNA-Seq analysis also showed bile acid exposure impacts multiple metabolic pathways in B. theta, but DCA significantly increases expression of many genes in carbohydrate metabolism, specifically those in polysaccharide utilization loci or PULs, in nutrient limited conditions. This study suggests that bile acids B. theta encounters in the gut may signal the bacteria to increase or decrease its utilization of carbohydrates. Further study looking at the interactions between bacteria, bile acids, and the host may inform rationally designed probiotics and diets to ameliorate inflammation and disease. Importance Recent work on BSHs in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Bacteroides, has primarily focused on how they can impact host physiology. However, the benefits bile acid metabolism confers to the bacterium that performs it is not well understood. In this study we set out to define if and how B. theta uses its BSHs and HSDH to modify bile acids to provide a fitness advantage for itself in vitro and in vivo. Genes encoding bile acid altering enzymes were able to impact how B. theta responds to nutrient limitation in the presence of bile acids, specifically carbohydrate metabolism, affecting many polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs). This suggests that B. theta may be able to shift its metabolism, specifically its ability to target different complex glycans including host mucin, when it comes into contact with specific bile acids in the gut. This work will aid in our understanding of how to rationally manipulate the bile acid pool and the microbiota to exploit carbohydrate metabolism in the context of inflammation and other GI diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S. McMillan
- Genetics Program, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew H. Foley
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Caroline E. Perkins
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Casey M. Theriot
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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19
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Wang Y, Salonen A, Jian C. Can prebiotics help tackle the childhood obesity epidemic? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1178155. [PMID: 37305030 PMCID: PMC10253620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, excess weight during childhood and adolescence has become a public health crisis with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence suggesting the involvement of gut microbial dysbiosis in obesity instills hope that targeting the gut microbiota could help prevent or treat obesity. In pre-clinical models and adults, prebiotic consumption has been shown to reduce adiposity partially via restoring symbiosis. However, there is a dearth of clinical research into its potential metabolic benefits in the pediatric population. Here, we provide a succinct overview of the common characteristics of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity and mechanisms of action of prebiotics conferring metabolic benefits. We then summarize available clinical trials in children with overweight or obesity investigating the effects of prebiotics on weight management. This review highlights several controversial aspects in the microbiota-dependent mechanisms by which prebiotics are thought to affect host metabolism that warrant future investigation in order to design efficacious interventions for pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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