1
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Costa RG, Conceição A, Matos CA, Nóbrega C. The polyglutamine protein ATXN2: from its molecular functions to its involvement in disease. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:415. [PMID: 38877004 PMCID: PMC11178924 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
A CAG repeat sequence in the ATXN2 gene encodes a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract within the ataxin-2 (ATXN2) protein, showcasing a complex landscape of functions that have been progressively unveiled over recent decades. Despite significant progresses in the field, a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms governed by ATXN2 remains elusive. This multifaceted protein emerges as a key player in RNA metabolism, stress granules dynamics, endocytosis, calcium signaling, and the regulation of the circadian rhythm. The CAG overexpansion within the ATXN2 gene produces a protein with an extended poly(Q) tract, inducing consequential alterations in conformational dynamics which confer a toxic gain and/or partial loss of function. Although overexpanded ATXN2 is predominantly linked to spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2), intermediate expansions are also implicated in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism. While the molecular intricacies await full elucidation, SCA2 presents ATXN2-associated pathological features, encompassing autophagy impairment, RNA-mediated toxicity, heightened oxidative stress, and disruption of calcium homeostasis. Presently, SCA2 remains incurable, with patients reliant on symptomatic and supportive treatments. In the pursuit of therapeutic solutions, various studies have explored avenues ranging from pharmacological drugs to advanced therapies, including cell or gene-based approaches. These endeavours aim to address the root causes or counteract distinct pathological features of SCA2. This review is intended to provide an updated compendium of ATXN2 functions, delineate the associated pathological mechanisms, and present current perspectives on the development of innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael G Costa
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal.
- PhD program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal.
| | - André Conceição
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal
- PhD program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Matos
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal.
- Faculdade de Medicina e Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade do Algarve (UAlg), Faro, Portugal.
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2
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Kaku Y, Isono Y, Tanaka H, Kobayashi T, Kanemori Y, Kashiwabara SI. Intronless Pabpc6 encodes a testis-specific, cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein but is dispensable for spermatogenesis in the mouse†. Biol Reprod 2024; 110:834-847. [PMID: 38281153 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Besides ubiquitous poly(A)-binding protein, cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), testis-specific PABPC2/PABPt (in humans, referred to as PABPC3), and female and male germline-specific PABPC1L/ePAB, have been reported in the mouse testis. Recent in silico analysis additionally identified testis-specific Pabpc6 in the mouse. In this study, we characterized PABPC6 and its mutant mice. PABPC6 was initially detectable in the cytoplasm of pachytene spermatocytes, increased in abundance in round spermatids, and decreased in elongating spermatids. PABPC6 was capable of binding to poly(A) tails of various mRNAs and interacting with translation-associated factors, including EIF4G, PAIP1, and PAIP2. Noteworthy was that PABPC6, unlike PABPC1, was barely associated with translationally active polysomes and enriched in chromatoid bodies of round spermatids. Despite these unique characteristics, neither synthesis of testicular proteins nor spermatogenesis was affected in the mutant mice lacking PABPC6, suggesting that PABPC6 is functionally redundant with other co-existing PABPC proteins during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Kaku
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yuka Isono
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hideto Tanaka
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kobayashi
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kanemori
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kashiwabara
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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3
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Yuan S, Zhou G, Xu G. Translation machinery: the basis of translational control. J Genet Genomics 2024; 51:367-378. [PMID: 37536497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) translation consists of initiation, elongation, termination, and ribosome recycling, carried out by the translation machinery, primarily including tRNAs, ribosomes, and translation factors (TrFs). Translational regulators transduce signals of growth and development, as well as biotic and abiotic stresses, to the translation machinery, where global or selective translational control occurs to modulate mRNA translation efficiency (TrE). As the basis of translational control, the translation machinery directly determines the quality and quantity of newly synthesized peptides and, ultimately, the cellular adaption. Thus, regulating the availability of diverse machinery components is reviewed as the central strategy of translational control. We provide classical signaling pathways (e.g., integrated stress responses) and cellular behaviors (e.g., liquid-liquid phase separation) to exemplify this strategy within different physiological contexts, particularly during host-microbe interactions. With new technologies developed, further understanding this strategy will speed up translational medicine and translational agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Guilong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Guoyong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
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4
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Uozumi R, Mori K, Gotoh S, Miyamoto T, Kondo S, Yamashita T, Kawabe Y, Tagami S, Akamine S, Ikeda M. PABPC1 mediates degradation of C9orf72-FTLD/ALS GGGGCC repeat RNA. iScience 2024; 27:109303. [PMID: 38444607 PMCID: PMC10914486 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9orf72 causes frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expanded GGGGCC repeat RNA accumulates within RNA foci and is translated into toxic dipeptide repeat proteins; thus, efficient repeat RNA degradation may alleviate diseases. hnRNPA3, one of the repeat RNA-binding proteins, has been implicated in the destabilization of repeat RNA. Using APEX2-mediated proximity biotinylation, here, we demonstrate PABPC1, a cytoplasmic poly (A)-binding protein, interacts with hnRNPA3. Knockdown of PABPC1 increased the accumulation of repeat RNA and RNA foci to the same extent as the knockdown of hnRNPA3. Proximity ligation assays indicated PABPC1-hnRNPA3 and PABPC1-RNA exosomes, a complex that degrades repeat RNA, preferentially co-localized when repeat RNA was present. Our results suggest that PABPC1 functions as a mediator of polyadenylated GGGGCC repeat RNA degradation through interactions with hnRNPA3 and RNA exosome complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Uozumi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kohji Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shiho Gotoh
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tesshin Miyamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuko Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yamashita
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Kawabe
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Psychiatry, Minoh Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Minoh, Osaka 562-0004, Japan
| | - Shinji Tagami
- Psychiatry, Minoh Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Minoh, Osaka 562-0004, Japan
- Health and Counseling Center, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shoshin Akamine
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Torkzaban B, Sponaugle A, Coller J. Tethered mRNA Amplifier: A Novel Approach to Increase Protein Expression. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2723:161-172. [PMID: 37824070 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3481-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional RNA modification has become a revolutionary clinical tool to improve the underlying condition in genetic disorders. The cell achieves translational regulation through sequence and/or structural elements that recruit specific positive- or negative-acting factors to mRNAs. Targeting mRNA expression offers a less invasive therapeutic approach than other well-known gene therapy approaches. We have utilized our understanding of mRNA translational regulation to develop a novel disease-modifying treatment called the "Tethered mRNA Amplifier." Specifically, our approach forces a key positive-acting mRNA regulator, polyadenosine binding protein (PABPC1), to bind and remain resident on the target mRNA. This enhances the target mRNA's expression precisely and restores deficient protein levels to normal. This approach effectively increases the steady-state expression level of several transcripts associated with haploinsufficiency disorders in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Torkzaban
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Austin Sponaugle
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff Coller
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Johns Hopkins Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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6
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Huang L, Li G, Du C, Jia Y, Yang J, Fan W, Xu Y, Cheng H, Zhou Y. The polyA tail facilitates splicing of last introns with weak 3' splice sites via PABPN1. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57128. [PMID: 37661812 PMCID: PMC10561182 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The polyA tail of mRNAs is important for many aspects of RNA metabolism. However, whether and how it regulates pre-mRNA splicing is still unknown. Here, we report that the polyA tail acts as a splicing enhancer for the last intron via the nuclear polyA binding protein PABPN1 in HeLa cells. PABPN1-depletion induces the retention of a group of introns with a weaker 3' splice site, and they show a strong 3'-end bias and mainly locate in nuclear speckles. The polyA tail is essential for PABPN1-enhanced last intron splicing and functions in a length-dependent manner. Tethering PABPN1 to nonpolyadenylated transcripts also promotes splicing, suggesting a direct role for PABPN1 in splicing regulation. Using TurboID-MS, we construct the PABPN1 interactome, including many spliceosomal and RNA-binding proteins. Specifically, PABPN1 can recruit RBM26&27 to promote splicing by interacting with the coiled-coil and RRM domain of RBM27. PABPN1-regulated terminal intron splicing is conserved in mice. Together, our study establishes a novel mode of post-transcriptional splicing regulation via the polyA tail and PABPN1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Guangnan Li
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Chen Du
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yu Jia
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jiayi Yang
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Weiliang Fan
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yong‐Zhen Xu
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Hong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, RNA InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and MetabolismWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Institute of Advanced StudiesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
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7
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Stehn JR, Floyd SR, Wilker EW, Reinhardt HC, Clarke SM, Huang Q, Polakiewicz RD, Sonenberg N, Kong YW, Yaffe MB. MAPKAP Kinase-2 phosphorylation of PABPC1 controls its interaction with 14-3-3 proteins after DNA damage: A combined kinase and protein array approach. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1148933. [PMID: 37091863 PMCID: PMC10117672 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1148933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins play critical roles in controlling multiple aspects of the cellular response to stress and DNA damage including regulation of metabolism, cell cycle progression, cell migration, and apoptotic cell death by binding to protein substrates of basophilic protein kinases following their phosphorylation on specific serine/threonine residues. Although over 200 mammalian proteins that bind to 14-3-3 have been identified, largely through proteomic studies, in many cases the relevant protein kinase responsible for conferring 14-3-3-binding to these proteins is not known. To facilitate the identification of kinase-specific 14-3-3 clients, we developed a biochemical approach using high-density protein filter arrays and identified the translational regulatory molecule PABPC1 as a substrate for Chk1 and MAPKAP Kinase-2 (MK2) in vitro, and for MK2 in vivo, whose phosphorylation results in 14-3-3-binding. We identify Ser-470 on PABPC1 within the linker region connecting the RRM domains to the PABC domain as the critical 14-3-3-binding site, and demonstrate that loss of PABPC1 binding to 14-3-3 results in increased cell proliferation and decreased cell death in response to UV-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R. Stehn
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott R. Floyd
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Erik W. Wilker
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - H. Christian Reinhardt
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Scott M. Clarke
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Qiuying Huang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Centre, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yi Wen Kong
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael B. Yaffe
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Divisions of Surgical Oncology, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Ozturk S, Kosebent EG, Talibova G, Bilmez Y, Tire B, Can A. Embryonic poly(A)-binding protein interacts with translation-related proteins and undergoes phosphorylation on the serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues in the mouse oocytes and early embryos. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:929-941. [PMID: 36823316 PMCID: PMC10224904 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the embryonic poly(A)-binding protein (EPAB) in frog, mouse, and human oocytes and early-stage embryos is maintained at high levels until embryonic genome activation (EGA) after which a significant decrease occurs in EPAB levels. Studies on the vertebrate oocytes and early embryos revealed that EPAB plays key roles in the translational regulation, stabilization, and protection of maternal mRNAs during oocyte maturation and early embryogenesis. However, it remains elusive whether EPAB interacts with other cellular proteins and undergoes phosphorylation to perform these roles. For this purpose, we identified a group of Epab-interacting proteins and its phosphorylation status in mouse germinal vesicle (GV)- and metaphase II (MII)-stage oocytes, and in 1-cell, 2-cell, and 4-cell preimplantation embryos. In the oocytes and early preimplantation embryos, Epab-interacting proteins were found to play roles in the translation and transcription processes, intracellular signaling and transport, maintenance of structural integrity, metabolism, posttranslational modifications, and chromatin remodeling. Moreover, we discovered that Epab undergoes phosphorylation on the serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, which are localized in the RNA recognition motifs 2, 3, and 4 or C-terminal. Conclusively, these findings suggest that Epab not only functions in the translational control of maternal mRNAs through binding to their poly(A) tails but also participates in various cellular events through interacting with certain group proteins. Most likely, Epab undergoes a dynamic phosphorylation during the oocyte maturation and the early embryo development to carry out these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffet Ozturk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, Antalya, 07070, Turkey.
| | - Esra Gozde Kosebent
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Gunel Talibova
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Yesim Bilmez
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Betul Tire
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, Antalya, 07070, Turkey
| | - Alp Can
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, 06410, Turkey
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9
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Franco PIR, Neto JRDC, de Menezes LB, Machado JR, Miguel MP. Revisiting the hallmarks of cancer: A new look at long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 243:154381. [PMID: 36857948 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its heterogeneity favors a better understanding of tumor biology and consequently the development of better diagnostic and treatment techniques. The advent of tumor genome sequencing techniques has highlighted more participants in the process, in addition to protein-coding genes. Thus, it is now known that long noncoding RNAs, previously described as transcriptional noise with no biological function, are intimately associated with tumor development. In breast cancer, they are abnormally expressed and closely associated with tumor progression, which makes them attractive diagnostic biomarkers and prognostic and specific therapeutic targets. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs in breast cancer is essential for the search for new treatment strategies. In this review, we summarize the major long noncoding RNAs and their association with the cancer characteristics of the ability to sustain proliferative signaling, evasion of growth suppressors, replicative immortality, activation of invasion and metastasis, induction of angiogenesis, resistance to cell death, reprogramming of energy metabolism, genomic instability and sustained mutations, promotion of tumor inflammation, and evasion of the immune system. In addition, we report and suggest how they can be used as prognostic biomarkers and possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Igor Ribeiro Franco
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
| | - José Rodrigues do Carmo Neto
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Liliana Borges de Menezes
- Setor de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Juliana Reis Machado
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia, Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Pacheco Miguel
- Setor de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
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10
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Zhang G, Luo H, Li X, Hu Z, Wang Q. The Dynamic Poly(A) Tail Acts as a Signal Hub in mRNA Metabolism. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040572. [PMID: 36831239 PMCID: PMC9954528 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, mRNA metabolism requires a sophisticated signaling system. Recent studies have suggested that polyadenylate tail may play a vital role in such a system. The poly(A) tail used to be regarded as a common modification at the 3' end of mRNA, but it is now known to be more than just that. It appears to act as a platform or hub that can be understood in two ways. On the one hand, polyadenylation and deadenylation machinery constantly regulates its dynamic activity; on the other hand, it exhibits the ability to recruit RNA-binding proteins and then interact with diverse factors to send various signals to regulate mRNA metabolism. In this paper, we outline the main complexes that regulate the dynamic activities of poly(A) tails, explain how these complexes participate polyadenylation/deadenylation process and summarize the diverse signals this hub emit. We are trying to make a point that the poly(A) tail can metaphorically act as a "flagman" who is supervised by polyadenylation and deadenylation and sends out signals to regulate the orderly functioning of mRNA metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiying Zhang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Haolin Luo
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Q.W.)
| | - Quan Wang
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (Q.W.)
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11
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Nair RR, Pataki E, Gerst JE. Transperons: RNA operons as effectors of coordinated gene expression in eukaryotes. Trends Genet 2022; 38:1217-1227. [PMID: 35934590 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated gene expression allows spatiotemporal control of cellular processes and is achieved by the cotranscription/translation of functionally related genes/proteins. Prokaryotes evolved polycistronic messages (operons) to confer expression from a single promoter to efficiently cotranslate proteins functioning on the same pathway. Yet, despite having far greater diversity (e.g., gene number, distribution, modes of expression), eukaryotic cells employ individual promoters and monocistronic messages. Although gene expression is modular, it does not account for how eukaryotes achieve coordinated localized translation. The RNA operon theory states that mRNAs derived from different chromosomes assemble into ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs) that act as functional operons to generate protein cohorts upon cotranslation. Work in yeast has now validated this theory and shown that intergenic associations and noncanonical histone functions create pathway-specific RNA operons (transperons) that regulate cell physiology. Herein the involvement of chromatin organization in transperon formation and programmed gene coexpression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini R Nair
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Emese Pataki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Jeffrey E Gerst
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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12
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Dai XX, Pi SB, Zhao LW, Wu YW, Shen JL, Zhang SY, Sha QQ, Fan HY. PABPN1 functions as a hub in the assembly of nuclear poly(A) domains that are essential for mouse oocyte development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn9016. [PMID: 36306357 PMCID: PMC9616507 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn9016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Growing oocytes store a large amount of maternal mRNA to support the subsequent "maternal-zygotic transition" process. At present, it is not clear how the growing oocytes store and process the newly transcribed mRNA under physiological conditions. In this study, we report non-membrane-bound compartments, nuclear poly(A) domains (NPADs), as the hub for newly transcribed mRNA, in developing mouse oocytes. The RNA binding protein PABPN1 promotes the formation of NPAD through its N-terminal disordered domain and RNA-recognized motif by means of liquid phase separation. Pabpn1-null growing oocytes cannot form NPAD normally in vivo and have defects in stability of oocyte growing-related transcripts and formation of long 3' untranslated region isoform transcripts. Ultimately, Pabpn1fl/fl;Gdf9-Cre mice are completely sterile with primary ovarian insufficiency. These results demonstrate that NPAD formed by the phase separation properties of PABPN1-mRNA are the hub of the newly transcribed mRNA and essential for the development of oocytes and female reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xing Dai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuai-Bo Pi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Long-Wen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yun-Wen Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing-Ling Shen
- Institute of Life Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Song-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Sha
- Fertility Preservation Laboratory, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 510317 Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Identification and molecular evolution of the La and LARP genes in 16 plant species: A focus on the Gossypium hirsutum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1101-1117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Overexpressing CrePAPS Polyadenylate Activity Enhances Protein Translation and Accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050276. [PMID: 35621927 PMCID: PMC9147819 DOI: 10.3390/md20050276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a potential platform for recombinant protein expression in the future due to various advantages. Dozens of C. reinhardtii strains producing genetically engineered recombinant therapeutic protein have been reported. However, owing to extremely low protein expression efficiency, none have been applied for industrial purposes. Improving protein expression efficiency at the molecular level is, therefore, a priority. The 3′-end poly(A) tail of mRNAs is strongly correlated with mRNA transcription and protein translation efficiency. In this study, we identified a canonical C. reinhardtii poly(A) polymerase (CrePAPS), verified its polyadenylate activity, generated a series of overexpressing transformants, and performed proteomic analysis. Proteomic results demonstrated that overexpressing CrePAPS promoted ribosomal assembly and enhanced protein accumulation. The accelerated translation was further verified by increased crude and dissolved protein content detected by Kjeldahl and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay approaches. The findings provide a novel direction in which to exploit photosynthetic green algae as a recombinant protein expression platform.
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15
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Abstract
Viruses have evolved diverse strategies to hijack the cellular gene expression system for their replication. The poly(A) binding proteins (PABPs), a family of critical gene expression factors, are viruses' common targets. PABPs act not only as a translation factor but also as a key factor of mRNA metabolism. During viral infections, the activities of PABPs are manipulated by various viruses, subverting the host translation machinery or evading the cellular antiviral defense mechanism. Viruses harness PABPs by modifying their stability, complex formation with other translation initiation factors, or subcellular localization to promote viral mRNAs translation while shutting off or competing with host protein synthesis. For the past decade, many studies have demonstrated the PABPs' roles during viral infection. This review summarizes a comprehensive perspective of PABPs' roles during viral infection and how viruses evade host antiviral defense through the manipulations of PABPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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16
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Morgan M, Kumar L, Li Y, Baptissart M. Post-transcriptional regulation in spermatogenesis: all RNA pathways lead to healthy sperm. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8049-8071. [PMID: 34748024 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple RNA pathways are required to produce functional sperm. Here, we review RNA post-transcriptional regulation during spermatogenesis with particular emphasis on the role of 3' end modifications. From early studies in the 1970s, it became clear that spermiogenesis transcripts could be stored for days only to be translated at advanced stages of spermatid differentiation. The transition between the translationally repressed and active states was observed to correlate with the shortening of the transcripts' poly(A) tail, establishing a link between RNA 3' end metabolism and male germ cell differentiation. Since then, numerous RNA metabolic pathways have been implicated not only in the progression through spermatogenesis, but also in the maintenance of genomic integrity. Recent studies have characterized the elusive 3' biogenesis of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), identified a critical role for messenger RNA (mRNA) 3' uridylation in meiotic progression, established the mechanisms that destabilize transcripts with long 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) in post-mitotic cells, and defined the physiological relevance of RNA exonucleases and deadenylases in male germ cells. In this review, we discuss RNA processing in the male germline in the light of the most recent findings. A brief recollection of different RNA-processing events will aid future studies exploring post-transcriptional regulation in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Morgan
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
| | - Lokesh Kumar
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Yin Li
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Marine Baptissart
- Reproductive and Developmental Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
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17
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Assis LA, Santos Filho MVC, da Cruz Silva JR, Bezerra MJR, de Aquino IRPUC, Merlo KC, Holetz FB, Probst CM, Rezende AM, Papadopoulou B, da Costa Lima TDC, de Melo Neto OP. Identification of novel proteins and mRNAs differentially bound to the Leishmania Poly(A) Binding Proteins reveals a direct association between PABP1, the RNA-binding protein RBP23 and mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009899. [PMID: 34705820 PMCID: PMC8575317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(A) Binding Proteins (PABPs) are major eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with multiple roles associated with mRNA stability and translation and characterized mainly from multicellular organisms and yeasts. A variable number of PABP homologues are seen in different organisms however the biological reasons for multiple PABPs are generally not well understood. In the unicellular Leishmania, dependent on post-transcriptional mechanisms for the control of its gene expression, three distinct PABPs are found, with yet undefined functional distinctions. Here, using RNA-immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis we show that the Leishmania PABP1 preferentially associates with mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins, while PABP2 and PABP3 bind to an overlapping set of mRNAs distinct to those enriched in PABP1. Immunoprecipitation studies combined to mass-spectrometry analysis identified RBPs differentially associated with PABP1 or PABP2, including RBP23 and DRBD2, respectively, that were investigated further. Both RBP23 and DRBD2 bind directly to the three PABPs in vitro, but reciprocal experiments confirmed preferential co-immunoprecipitation of PABP1, as well as the EIF4E4/EIF4G3 based translation initiation complex, with RBP23. Other RBP23 binding partners also imply a direct role in translation. DRBD2, in contrast, co-immunoprecipitated with PABP2, PABP3 and with RBPs unrelated to translation. Over 90% of the RBP23-bound mRNAs code for ribosomal proteins, mainly absent from the transcripts co-precipitated with DRBD2. These experiments suggest a novel and specific route for translation of the ribosomal protein mRNAs, mediated by RBP23, PABP1 and the associated EIF4E4/EIF4G3 complex. They also highlight the unique roles that different PABP homologues may have in eukaryotic cells associated with mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila A. Assis
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Moezio V. C. Santos Filho
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Joao R. da Cruz Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria J. R. Bezerra
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Kleison C. Merlo
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Fabiola B. Holetz
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Christian M. Probst
- Laboratory of Gene Expression Regulation, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Antonio M. Rezende
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Barbara Papadopoulou
- CHU de Quebec Research Center and Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Osvaldo P. de Melo Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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18
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Sorokin II, Vassilenko KS, Terenin IM, Kalinina NO, Agol VI, Dmitriev SE. Non-Canonical Translation Initiation Mechanisms Employed by Eukaryotic Viral mRNAs. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1060-1094. [PMID: 34565312 PMCID: PMC8436584 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921090042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Viruses exploit the translation machinery of an infected cell to synthesize their proteins. Therefore, viral mRNAs have to compete for ribosomes and translation factors with cellular mRNAs. To succeed, eukaryotic viruses adopt multiple strategies. One is to circumvent the need for m7G-cap through alternative instruments for ribosome recruitment. These include internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs), which make translation independent of the free 5' end, or cap-independent translational enhancers (CITEs), which promote initiation at the uncapped 5' end, even if located in 3' untranslated regions (3' UTRs). Even if a virus uses the canonical cap-dependent ribosome recruitment, it can still perturb conventional ribosomal scanning and start codon selection. The pressure for genome compression often gives rise to internal and overlapping open reading frames. Their translation is initiated through specific mechanisms, such as leaky scanning, 43S sliding, shunting, or coupled termination-reinitiation. Deviations from the canonical initiation reduce the dependence of viral mRNAs on translation initiation factors, thereby providing resistance to antiviral mechanisms and cellular stress responses. Moreover, viruses can gain advantage in a competition for the translational machinery by inactivating individual translational factors and/or replacing them with viral counterparts. Certain viruses even create specialized intracellular "translation factories", which spatially isolate the sites of their protein synthesis from cellular antiviral systems, and increase availability of translational components. However, these virus-specific mechanisms may become the Achilles' heel of a viral life cycle. Thus, better understanding of the unconventional mechanisms of viral mRNA translation initiation provides valuable insight for developing new approaches to antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I Sorokin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Vassilenko
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Ilya M Terenin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Natalia O Kalinina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Vadim I Agol
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- Institute of Poliomyelitis, Chumakov Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 108819, Russia
| | - Sergey E Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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19
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Li C, Han T, Li Q, Zhang M, Guo R, Yang Y, Lu W, Li Z, Peng C, Wu P, Tian X, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhou V, Han Z, Li H, Wang F, Hu R. MKRN3-mediated ubiquitination of Poly(A)-binding proteins modulates the stability and translation of GNRH1 mRNA in mammalian puberty. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3796-3813. [PMID: 33744966 PMCID: PMC8053111 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The family of Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPs) regulates the stability and translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Here we reported that the three members of PABPs, including PABPC1, PABPC3 and PABPC4, were identified as novel substrates for MKRN3, whose deletion or loss-of-function mutations were genetically associated with human central precocious puberty (CPP). MKRN3-mediated ubiquitination was found to attenuate the binding of PABPs to the poly(A) tails of mRNA, which led to shortened poly(A) tail-length of GNRH1 mRNA and compromised the formation of translation initiation complex (TIC). Recently, we have shown that MKRN3 epigenetically regulates the transcription of GNRH1 through conjugating poly-Ub chains onto methyl-DNA bind protein 3 (MBD3). Therefore, MKRN3-mediated ubiquitin signalling could control both transcriptional and post-transcriptional switches of mammalian puberty initiation. While identifying MKRN3 as a novel tissue-specific translational regulator, our work also provided new mechanistic insights into the etiology of MKRN3 dysfunction-associated human CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tianting Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingrun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Menghuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenli Lu
- Department of Juvenile Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Peng
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ping Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaoxu Tian
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- Institute of Nutritional and Health Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Vincent Zhou
- Shao-Hua-Ye M.D. Inc, 416 W Las Tunas Dr Ste 205, San Gabriel, CA 91776, USA
| | - Ziyan Han
- Occidental College, 1600 campus Rd, LA, CA 90041, USA
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200031, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease, Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China
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20
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The ATXN2 Orthologs CID3 and CID4, Act Redundantly to In-Fluence Developmental Pathways throughout the Life Cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063068. [PMID: 33802796 PMCID: PMC8002431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key elements involved in post-transcriptional regulation. Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) is an evolutionarily conserved RBP protein, whose function has been studied in several model organisms, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the Homo sapiens. ATXN2 interacts with poly(A) binding proteins (PABP) and binds to specific sequences at the 3'UTR of target mRNAs to stabilize them. CTC-Interacting Domain3 (CID3) and CID4 are two ATXN2 orthologs present in plant genomes whose function is unknown. In the present study, phenotypical and transcriptome profiling were used to examine the role of CID3 and CID4 in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that they act redundantly to influence pathways throughout the life cycle. cid3cid4 double mutant showed a delay in flowering time and a reduced rosette size. Transcriptome profiling revealed that key factors that promote floral transition and floral meristem identity were downregulated in cid3cid4 whereas the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) was upregulated. Expression of key factors in the photoperiodic regulation of flowering and circadian clock pathways, were also altered in cid3cid4, as well as the expression of several transcription factors and miRNAs encoding genes involved in leaf growth dynamics. These findings reveal that ATXN2 orthologs may have a role in developmental pathways throughout the life cycle of plants.
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21
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Mattijssen S, Kozlov G, Fonseca BD, Gehring K, Maraia RJ. LARP1 and LARP4: up close with PABP for mRNA 3' poly(A) protection and stabilization. RNA Biol 2021; 18:259-274. [PMID: 33522422 PMCID: PMC7928012 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1868753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
La-related proteins (LARPs) share a La motif (LaM) followed by an RNA recognition motif (RRM). Together these are termed the La-module that, in the prototypical nuclear La protein and LARP7, mediates binding to the UUU-3'OH termination motif of nascent RNA polymerase III transcripts. We briefly review La and LARP7 activities for RNA 3' end binding and protection from exonucleases before moving to the more recently uncovered poly(A)-related activities of LARP1 and LARP4. Two features shared by LARP1 and LARP4 are direct binding to poly(A) and to the cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABP, also known as PABPC1). LARP1, LARP4 and other proteins involved in mRNA translation, deadenylation, and decay, contain PAM2 motifs with variable affinities for the MLLE domain of PABP. We discuss a model in which these PABP-interacting activities contribute to poly(A) pruning of active mRNPs. Evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 RNA virus targets PABP, LARP1, LARP 4 and LARP 4B to control mRNP activity is also briefly reviewed. Recent data suggests that LARP4 opposes deadenylation by stabilizing PABP on mRNA poly(A) tails. Other data suggest that LARP1 can protect mRNA from deadenylation. This is dependent on a PAM2 motif with unique characteristics present in its La-module. Thus, while nuclear La and LARP7 stabilize small RNAs with 3' oligo(U) from decay, LARP1 and LARP4 bind and protect mRNA 3' poly(A) tails from deadenylases through close contact with PABP.Abbreviations: 5'TOP: 5' terminal oligopyrimidine, LaM: La motif, LARP: La-related protein, LARP1: La-related protein 1, MLLE: mademoiselle, NTR: N-terminal region, PABP: cytoplasmic poly(A)-binding protein (PABPC1), Pol III: RNA polymerase III, PAM2: PABP-interacting motif 2, PB: processing body, RRM: RNA recognition motif, SG: stress granule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Mattijssen
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Guennadi Kozlov
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry & Centre for Structural Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Richard J. Maraia
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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22
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Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Inhibits RIP2 Protein Expression to Promote Viral Replication. Virol Sin 2021; 36:608-622. [PMID: 33400090 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors interaction protein 2 (RIP2) is a specific adaptor molecule in the downstream of NOD2. The role of RIP2 during foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection remains unknown. Here, our results showed that RIP2 inhibited FMDV replication and played an important role in the activation of IFN-β and NF-ĸB signal pathways during FMDV infection. FMDV infection triggered RIP2 transcription, while it reduced the expression of RIP2 protein. Detailed analysis showed that FMDV 2B, 2C, 3Cpro, and Lpro proteins were responsible for inducing the reduction of RIP2 protein. 3Cpro and Lpro are viral proteinases that can induce the cleavage or reduction of many host proteins and block host protein synthesis. The carboxyl terminal 105-114 and 135-144 regions of 2B were essential for reduction of RIP2. Our results also showed that the N terminal 1-61 region of 2C were essential for the reduction of RIP2. The 2C-induced reduction of RIP2 was dependent on inducing the reduction of poly(A)-binding protein 1 (PABPC1). The interaction between RIP2 and 2C was observed in the context of viral infection, and the residues 1-61 were required for the interaction. These data clarify novel mechanisms of reduction of RIP2 mediated by FMDV.
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Chowdhury S, Bhuiya S, Haque L, Das S. A Spectroscopic Approach towards the Comparative Binding Studies of the Antioxidizing Flavonol Myricetin with Various Single‐Stranded RNA. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Chowdhury
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Physical Chemistry Section Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Sutanwi Bhuiya
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Physical Chemistry Section Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Lucy Haque
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Physical Chemistry Section Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Suman Das
- Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory Physical Chemistry Section Department of Chemistry Jadavpur University 188, Raja S. C. Mallick Road Kolkata 700032 India
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24
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de Rozières CM, Joseph S. Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Binds as a Dimer to RNA-Free PABP1 but Not to the PABP1·Poly(A) RNA Complex. Biochemistry 2020; 59:4439-4448. [PMID: 33172261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) is a highly contagious human pathogen that is responsible for tens of thousands of deaths each year. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a crucial protein expressed by IAV to evade the host immune system. Additionally, NS1 has been proposed to stimulate translation because of its ability to bind poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABP1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4G. We analyzed the interaction of NS1 with PABP1 using quantitative techniques. Our studies show that NS1 binds as a homodimer to PABP1, and this interaction is conserved across different IAV strains. Unexpectedly, NS1 does not bind to PABP1 that is bound to poly(A) RNA. Instead, NS1 binds only to PABP1 free of RNA, suggesting that stimulation of translation does not occur by NS1 interacting with the PABP1 molecule attached to the mRNA 3'-poly(A) tail. These results suggest that the function of the NS1·PABP1 complex appears to be distinct from the classical role of PABP1 in translation initiation, when it is bound to the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus M de Rozières
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, United States
| | - Simpson Joseph
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0314, United States
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25
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Zhao LW, Zhu YZ, Chen H, Wu YW, Pi SB, Chen L, Shen L, Fan HY. PABPN1L mediates cytoplasmic mRNA decay as a placeholder during the maternal-to-zygotic transition. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49956. [PMID: 32558204 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal mRNA degradation is a critical event of the maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) that determines the developmental potential of early embryos. Nuclear Poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPNs) are extensively involved in mRNA post-transcriptional regulation, but their function in the MZT has not been investigated. In this study, we find that the maternally expressed PABPN1-like (PABPN1L), rather than its ubiquitously expressed homolog PABPN1, acts as an mRNA-binding adapter of the mammalian MZT licensing factor BTG4, which mediates maternal mRNA clearance. Female Pabpn1l null mice produce morphologically normal oocytes but are infertile owing to early developmental arrest of the resultant embryos at the 1- to 2-cell stage. Deletion of Pabpn1l impairs the deadenylation and degradation of a subset of BTG4-targeted maternal mRNAs during the MZT. In addition to recruiting BTG4 to the mRNA 3'-poly(A) tails, PABPN1L is also required for BTG4 protein accumulation in maturing oocytes by protecting BTG4 from SCF-βTrCP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated polyubiquitination and degradation. This study highlights a noncanonical cytoplasmic function of nuclear poly(A)-binding protein in mRNA turnover, as well as its physiological importance during the MZT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Wen Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye-Zhang Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Wen Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai-Bo Pi
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng-Yu Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Sharma J, Keeling KM, Rowe SM. Pharmacological approaches for targeting cystic fibrosis nonsense mutations. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112436. [PMID: 32512483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenic autosomal recessive disorder. The clinical manifestations of the disease are caused by ∼2,000 mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. It is unlikely that any one approach will be efficient in correcting all defects. The recent approvals of ivacaftor, lumacaftor/ivacaftor and elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor represent the genesis of a new era of precision combination medicine for the CF patient population. In this review, we discuss targeted translational readthrough approaches as mono and combination therapies for CFTR nonsense mutations. We examine the current status of efficacy of translational readthrough/nonsense suppression therapies and their limitations, including non-native amino acid incorporation at PTCs and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), along with approaches to tackle these limitations. We further elaborate on combining various therapies such as readthrough agents, NMD inhibitors, and corrector/potentiators to improve the efficacy and safety of suppression therapy. These mutation specific strategies that are directed towards the basic CF defects should positively impact CF patients bearing nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA; Department of Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA
| | - Kim M Keeling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA; Department of Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA
| | - Steven M Rowe
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA; Department of Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), USA.
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27
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Y-Box Binding Proteins in mRNP Assembly, Translation, and Stability Control. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040591. [PMID: 32290447 PMCID: PMC7226217 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Y-box binding proteins (YB proteins) are DNA/RNA-binding proteins belonging to a large family of proteins with the cold shock domain. Functionally, these proteins are known to be the most diverse, although the literature hardly offers any molecular mechanisms governing their activities in the cell, tissue, or the whole organism. This review describes the involvement of YB proteins in RNA-dependent processes, such as mRNA packaging into mRNPs, mRNA translation, and mRNA stabilization. In addition, recent data on the structural peculiarities of YB proteins underlying their interactions with nucleic acids are discussed.
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28
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Hwang SS, Lim J, Yu Z, Kong P, Sefik E, Xu H, Harman CCD, Kim LK, Lee GR, Li HB, Flavell RA. mRNA destabilization by BTG1 and BTG2 maintains T cell quiescence. Science 2020; 367:1255-1260. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cells maintain a quiescent state prior to activation. As inappropriate T cell activation can cause disease, T cell quiescence must be preserved. Despite its importance, the mechanisms underlying the “quiescent state” remain elusive. Here, we identify BTG1 and BTG2 (BTG1/2) as factors responsible for T cell quiescence. BTG1/2-deficient T cells show an increased proliferation and spontaneous activation due to a global increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance, which reduces the threshold to activation. BTG1/2 deficiency leads to an increase in polyadenylate tail length, resulting in a greater mRNA half-life. Thus, BTG1/2 promote the deadenylation and degradation of mRNA to secure T cell quiescence. Our study reveals a key mechanism underlying T cell quiescence and suggests that low mRNA abundance is a crucial feature for maintaining quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jaechul Lim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Yale Center for ImmunoMetabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Philip Kong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christian C. D. Harman
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Yale Center for ImmunoMetabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTU-SM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Richard A. Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815-6789, USA
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29
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Yang F, Wang W, Cetinbas M, Sadreyev RI, Blower MD. Genome-wide analysis identifies cis-acting elements regulating mRNA polyadenylation and translation during vertebrate oocyte maturation. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:324-344. [PMID: 31896558 PMCID: PMC7025505 DOI: 10.1261/rna.073247.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Most cells change patterns of gene expression through transcriptional regulation. In contrast, oocytes are transcriptionally silent and regulate mRNA poly(A) tail length to control protein production. However, the genome-wide relationship of poly(A) tail changes to mRNA translation during vertebrate oocyte maturation is not known. We used Tail-seq and polyribosome analysis to measure poly(A) tail and translational changes during oocyte maturation in Xenopus laevis We identified large-scale poly(A) and translational changes during oocyte maturation, with poly(A) tail length changes preceding translational changes. Proteins important for completion of the meiotic divisions and early development exhibited increased polyadenylation and translation during oocyte maturation. A family of U-rich sequence elements was enriched near the polyadenylation signal of polyadenylated and translationally activated mRNAs. We propose that changes in mRNA polyadenylation are a conserved mechanism regulating protein expression during vertebrate oocyte maturation and that these changes are controlled by a spatial code of cis-acting sequence elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael D Blower
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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30
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Alekhina OM, Terenin IM, Dmitriev SE, Vassilenko KS. Functional Cyclization of Eukaryotic mRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051677. [PMID: 32121426 PMCID: PMC7084953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The closed-loop model of eukaryotic translation states that mRNA is circularized by a chain of the cap-eIF4E-eIF4G-poly(A)-binding protein (PABP)-poly(A) interactions that brings 5' and 3' ends together. This circularization is thought to promote the engagement of terminating ribosomes to a new round of translation at the same mRNA molecule, thus enhancing protein synthesis. Despite the general acceptance and the elegance of the hypothesis, it has never been proved experimentally. Using continuous in situ monitoring of luciferase synthesis in a mammalian in vitro system, we show here that the rate of translation initiation at capped and polyadenylated reporter mRNAs increases after the time required for the first ribosomes to complete mRNA translation. Such acceleration strictly requires the presence of a poly(A)-tail and is abrogated by the addition of poly(A) RNA fragments or m7GpppG cap analog to the translation reaction. The optimal functional interaction of mRNA termini requires 5' untranslated region (UTR) and 3' UTR of moderate lengths and provides stronger acceleration, thus a longer poly(A)-tail. Besides, we revealed that the inhibitory effect of the dominant negative R362Q mutant of initiation factor eIF4A diminishes in the course of translation reaction, suggesting a relaxed requirement for ATP. Taken together, our results imply that, upon the functional looping of an mRNA, the recycled ribosomes can be recruited to the start codon of the same mRNA molecule in an eIF4A-independent fashion. This non-canonical closed-loop assisted reinitiation (CLAR) mode provides efficient translation of the functionally circularized mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Alekhina
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia;
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Federal Medical Biological Agency, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya M. Terenin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey E. Dmitriev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia;
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- School of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.E.D.); (K.S.V.); Tel.: +7-903-2220066 (S.E.D.); +7-496-7318232 (K.S.V.)
| | - Konstantin S. Vassilenko
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (S.E.D.); (K.S.V.); Tel.: +7-903-2220066 (S.E.D.); +7-496-7318232 (K.S.V.)
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31
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Wang Q, Wang Z, Bao Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Jiang T. PABPC1 relevant bioinformatic profiling and prognostic value in gliomas. Future Oncol 2019; 16:4279-4288. [PMID: 31797689 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2019-0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed at investigating molecular features and potential clinical value of PABPC1 in gliomas. Materials & methods: We assembled totally 1000 glioma samples with mRNA expression data from Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas. We utilized R language as the main analysis tool. Gene Ontology was performed for functional analysis. Results: PABPC1 was downregulated in gliomas with higher malignance and PABPC1 may contribute as potential predictor of proneural subtype in gliomas. Higher expression of PABPC1 was significantly related to better prognosis and related to biological process of translation. Conclusion: Our finding improves the understanding of PABPC1 as a novel biomarker with potential therapeutic connotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangwei Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, PR China.,Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, PR China
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32
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Segregation and potential functional impact of a rare stop-gain PABPC4L variant in familial atypical Parkinsonism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13576. [PMID: 31537871 PMCID: PMC6753086 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs) comprise a group of neurodegenerative diseases with heterogeneous clinical and pathological features. Most APDs are sporadic, but rare familial forms have also been reported. Epidemiological and post-mortem studies associated APDs with oxidative stress and cellular protein aggregates. Identifying molecular mechanisms that translate stress into toxic protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in APDs is an active area of research. Recently, ribonucleic acid (RNA) stress granule (SG) pathways were discussed to be pathogenically relevant in several neurodegenerative disorders including APDs. Using whole genome sequencing, mRNA expression analysis, transfection assays and cell imaging, we investigated the genetic and molecular basis of a familial neurodegenerative atypical parkinsonian disorder. We investigated a family with six living members in two generations exhibiting clinical symptoms consistent with atypical parkinsonism. Two affected family members suffered from parkinsonism that was associated with ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of these patients showed brainstem and cerebellar atrophy. Whole genome sequencing identified a heterozygous stop-gain variant (c.C811T; p.R271X) in the Poly(A) binding protein, cytoplasmic 4-like (PABPC4L) gene, which co-segregated with the disease in the family. In situ hybridization showed that the murine pabpc4l is expressed in several brain regions and in particular in the cerebellum and brainstem. To determine the functional impact of the stop-gain variant in the PABPC4L gene, we investigated the subcellular localization of PABPC4L in heterologous cells. Wild-type PABPC4L protein localized predominantly to the cell nucleus, in contrast to the truncated protein encoded by the stop-gain variant p.R271X, which was found homogeneously throughout the cell. Interestingly, the wild-type, but not the truncated protein localized to RasGAP SH3 domain Binding Protein (G3BP)-labeled cytoplasmic granules in response to oxidative stress induction. This suggests that the PABPC4L variant alters intracellular distribution and possibly the stress granule associated function of the protein, which may underlie APD in this family. In conclusion, we present genetic and molecular evidence supporting the role of a stop-gain PABPC4L variant in a rare familial APD. Our data shows that the variant results in cellular mislocalization and inability of the protein to associate with stress granules.
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Abstract
In trypanosomes, RNA polymerase II transcription is polycistronic and individual mRNAs are excised by trans-splicing and polyadenylation. The lack of individual gene transcription control is compensated by control of mRNA processing, translation and degradation. Although the basic mechanisms of mRNA decay and translation are evolutionarily conserved, there are also unique aspects, such as the existence of six cap-binding translation initiation factor homologues, a novel decapping enzyme and an mRNA stabilizing complex that is recruited by RNA-binding proteins. High-throughput analyses have identified nearly a hundred regulatory mRNA-binding proteins, making trypanosomes valuable as a model system to investigate post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Clayton
- University of Heidelberg Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, D69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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34
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Schäfer IB, Yamashita M, Schuller JM, Schüssler S, Reichelt P, Strauss M, Conti E. Molecular Basis for poly(A) RNP Architecture and Recognition by the Pan2-Pan3 Deadenylase. Cell 2019; 177:1619-1631.e21. [PMID: 31104843 PMCID: PMC6547884 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The stability of eukaryotic mRNAs is dependent on a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex of poly(A)-binding proteins (PABPC1/Pab1) organized on the poly(A) tail. This poly(A) RNP not only protects mRNAs from premature degradation but also stimulates the Pan2-Pan3 deadenylase complex to catalyze the first step of poly(A) tail shortening. We reconstituted this process in vitro using recombinant proteins and show that Pan2-Pan3 associates with and degrades poly(A) RNPs containing two or more Pab1 molecules. The cryo-EM structure of Pan2-Pan3 in complex with a poly(A) RNP composed of 90 adenosines and three Pab1 protomers shows how the oligomerization interfaces of Pab1 are recognized by conserved features of the deadenylase and thread the poly(A) RNA substrate into the nuclease active site. The structure reveals the basis for the periodic repeating architecture at the 3′ end of cytoplasmic mRNAs. This illustrates mechanistically how RNA-bound Pab1 oligomers act as rulers for poly(A) tail length over the mRNAs’ lifetime. Oligomerization of PABP on the poly(A) tail creates a series of consecutive arches Pan2-Pan3 deadenylase recognizes the oligomerized state of poly(A)-bound PABP The dimerization interface of juxtaposed PABPs creates the Pan2-Pan3 docking site The poly(A) RNP arches are flexible and moldable by the interacting proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar B Schäfer
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, MPI of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Masami Yamashita
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, MPI of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Steffen Schüssler
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, MPI of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Reichelt
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, MPI of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Mike Strauss
- cryoEM Facility, MPI of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elena Conti
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, MPI of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany.
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35
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Ivanov A, Shuvalova E, Egorova T, Shuvalov A, Sokolova E, Bizyaev N, Shatsky I, Terenin I, Alkalaeva E. Polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting proteins PAIP1 and PAIP2 affect translation termination. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:8630-8639. [PMID: 30992367 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyadenylate-binding protein (PABP) stimulates translation termination via interaction of its C-terminal domain with eukaryotic polypeptide chain release factor, eRF3. Additionally, two other proteins, poly(A)-binding protein-interacting proteins 1 and 2 (PAIP1 and PAIP2), bind the same domain of PABP and regulate its translation-related activity. To study the biochemistry of eRF3 and PAIP1/2 competition for PABP binding, we quantified the effects of PAIPs on translation termination in the presence or absence of PABP. Our results demonstrated that both PAIP1 and PAIP2 prevented translation termination at the premature termination codon, by controlling PABP activity. Moreover, PAIP1 and PAIP2 inhibited the activity of free PABP on translation termination in vitro However, after binding the poly(A) tail, PABP became insensitive to suppression by PAIPs and efficiently activated translation termination in the presence of eRF3a. Additionally, we revealed that PAIP1 binds eRF3 in solution, which stabilizes the post-termination complex. These results indicated that PAIP1 and PAIP2 participate in translation termination and are important regulators of readthrough at the premature termination codon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr Ivanov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia; Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Shuvalova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Tatiana Egorova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexey Shuvalov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Sokolova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Nikita Bizyaev
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Ivan Shatsky
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia
| | - Ilya Terenin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow 119146, Russia.
| | - Elena Alkalaeva
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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36
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Graetz D, Crews KR, Azzato EM, Singh RK, Raimondi S, Mason J, Valentine M, Mullighan CG, Holland A, Inaba H, Leventaki V. Leukemic presentation of ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma with a novel partner, poly(A) binding protein cytoplasmic 1 (PABPC1), responding to single-agent crizotinib. Haematologica 2019; 104:e218-e221. [PMID: 30819904 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.215103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Graetz
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kristine R Crews
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Elizabeth M Azzato
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ravi K Singh
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Susana Raimondi
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - John Mason
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Marcus Valentine
- Department of Cytogenetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Ashley Holland
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Vasiliki Leventaki
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN .,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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37
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Zarudnaya MI, Kolomiets IM, Potyahaylo AL, Hovorun DM. Structural transitions in poly(A), poly(C), poly(U), and poly(G) and their possible biological roles. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2837-2866. [PMID: 30052138 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1503972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The homopolynucleotide (homo-oligonucleotide) tracts function as regulatory elements at various stages of mRNAs life cycle. Numerous cellular proteins specifically bind to these tracts. Among them are the different poly(A)-binding proteins, poly(C)-binding proteins, multifunctional fragile X mental retardation protein which binds specifically both to poly(G) and poly(U) and others. Molecular mechanisms of regulation of gene expression mediated by homopolynucleotide tracts in RNAs are not fully understood and the structural diversity of these tracts can contribute substantially to this regulation. This review summarizes current knowledge on different forms of homoribopolynucleotides, in particular, neutral and acidic forms of poly(A) and poly(C), and also biological relevance of homoribopolynucleotide (homoribo-oligonucleotide) tracts is discussed. Under physiological conditions, the acidic forms of poly(A) and poly(C) can be induced by proton transfer from acidic amino acids of proteins to adenine and cytosine bases. Finally, we present potential mechanisms for the regulation of some biological processes through the formation of intramolecular poly(A) duplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita I Zarudnaya
- a Department of Molecular and Quantum Biophysics , Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Iryna M Kolomiets
- a Department of Molecular and Quantum Biophysics , Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Andriy L Potyahaylo
- a Department of Molecular and Quantum Biophysics , Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Dmytro M Hovorun
- a Department of Molecular and Quantum Biophysics , Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine.,b Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics , Institute of High Technologies, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , Kyiv , Ukraine
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38
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Brambilla M, Martani F, Bertacchi S, Vitangeli I, Branduardi P. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae
poly (A) binding protein (Pab1): Master regulator of mRNA metabolism and cell physiology. Yeast 2018; 36:23-34. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.3347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Brambilla
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Francesca Martani
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Stefano Bertacchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Ilaria Vitangeli
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Paola Branduardi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences; University of Milano-Bicocca; Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
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39
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Böhm BB, Fehrl Y, Janczi T, Schneider N, Burkhardt H. Cell adhesion-induced transient interaction of ADAM15 with poly(A) binding protein at the cell membrane colocalizes with mRNA translation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203847. [PMID: 30265671 PMCID: PMC6161846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of temporo-spatial compartmentalization of protein synthesis is of crucial importance for a variety of physiologic cellular functions. Here, we demonstrate that the cell membrane-anchored disintegrin metalloproteinase ADAM15, upregulated in a variety of aggressively growing tumor cells, in the hyperproliferative synovial membrane of inflamed joints as well as in osteoarthritic chondrocytes, transiently binds to poly(A) binding protein 1 (PABP) in cells undergoing adhesion. The cytoplasmic domain of ADAM15 was shown to selectively interact with the proline-rich linker of PABP. Immunostainings of adhesion-triggered cells demonstrate an ADAM15-dependent recruitment of PABP to cell membrane foci coinciding with ongoing mRNA translation as visualized by the detection of puromycin-terminated polypeptides. Moreover, the increase in cell membrane-associated neosynthesis of puromycylated proteins upon induction of cell adhesion was proven linked to ADAM15 expression in HeLa and ADAM15-transfected chondrocytic cells. Thus, down regulation of ADAM15 by siRNA and/or the use of a cell line transfected with a mutant ADAM15-construct lacking the cytoplasmic tail resulted in a considerable reduction in the amount of cell membrane-associated puromycylated proteins formed during induced cell adhesion. These results provide first direct evidence for a regulatory role of ADAM15 on mRNA translation at the cell membrane that transiently emerges in response to triggering cell adhesion and might have potential implications under pathologic conditions of matrix remodeling associated with ADAM15 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate B. Böhm
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Yuliya Fehrl
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tomasz Janczi
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nadine Schneider
- Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Project Group Translational Medicine & Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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40
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The Protozoan Parasite Toxoplasma gondii Selectively Reprograms the Host Cell Translatome. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00244-18. [PMID: 29967092 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00244-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii promotes infection by targeting multiple host cell processes; however, whether it modulates mRNA translation is currently unknown. Here, we show that infection of primary murine macrophages with type I or II T. gondii strains causes a profound perturbation of the host cell translatome. Notably, translation of transcripts encoding proteins involved in metabolic activity and components of the translation machinery was activated upon infection. In contrast, the translational efficiency of mRNAs related to immune cell activation and cytoskeleton/cytoplasm organization was largely suppressed. Mechanistically, T. gondii bolstered mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling to selectively activate the translation of mTOR-sensitive mRNAs, including those with a 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (5' TOP) motif and those encoding mitochondrion-related proteins. Consistent with parasite modulation of host mTOR-sensitive translation to promote infection, inhibition of mTOR activity suppressed T. gondii replication. Thus, selective reprogramming of host mRNA translation represents an important subversion strategy during T. gondii infection.
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41
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Cytoplasmic Relocalization and Colocalization with Viroplasms of Host Cell Proteins, and Their Role in Rotavirus Infection. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.00612-18. [PMID: 29769336 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00612-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus replicates in the cytoplasm of infected cells in unique virus-induced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viroplasms (VMs), which are nucleated by two essential viral nonstructural proteins, NSP2 and NSP5. However, the precise composition of the VM, the intracellular localization of host proteins during virus infection, and their association with VMs or role in rotavirus growth remained largely unexplored. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed the presence of several host heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs), AU-rich element-binding proteins (ARE-BPs), and cytoplasmic proteins from uninfected MA104 cell extracts in the pulldown (PD) complexes of the purified viroplasmic proteins NSP2 and NSP5. Immunoblot analyses of PD complexes from RNase-treated and untreated cell extracts, analyses of coimmunoprecipitation complexes using RNase-treated infected cell lysates, and direct binding assays using purified recombinant proteins further demonstrated that the interactions of the majority of the hnRNPs and ARE-BPs with viroplasmic proteins are RNA independent. Time course immunoblot analysis of the nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions from rotavirus-infected and mock-infected cells and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy analyses of virus-infected cells revealed a surprising sequestration of the majority of the relocalized host proteins in viroplasms. Analyses of ectopic overexpression and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of expression revealed that host proteins either promote or inhibit viral protein expression and progeny virus production in virus-infected cells. This study demonstrates that rotavirus induces the cytoplasmic relocalization and sequestration of a large number of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins in viroplasms, subverting essential cellular processes in both compartments to promote rapid virus growth, and reveals that the composition of rotavirus viroplasms is much more complex than is currently understood.IMPORTANCE Rotavirus replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm. Knowledge on the relocalization of nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm or the role(s) of host proteins in rotavirus infection is very limited. In this study, it is demonstrated that rotavirus infection induces the cytoplasmic relocalization of a large number of nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs and AU-rich element-binding proteins). Except for a few, most nuclear hnRNPs and ARE-BPs, nuclear transport proteins, and some cytoplasmic proteins directly interact with the viroplasmic proteins NSP2 and NSP5 in an RNA-independent manner and become sequestered in the viroplasms of infected cells. The host proteins differentially affected viral gene expression and virus growth. This study demonstrates that rotavirus induces the relocalization and sequestration of a large number of host proteins in viroplasms, affecting host processes in both compartments and generating conditions conducive for virus growth in the cytoplasm of infected cells.
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42
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Harvey RF, Smith TS, Mulroney T, Queiroz RML, Pizzinga M, Dezi V, Villenueva E, Ramakrishna M, Lilley KS, Willis AE. Trans-acting translational regulatory RNA binding proteins. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2018; 9:e1465. [PMID: 29341429 PMCID: PMC5947564 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The canonical molecular machinery required for global mRNA translation and its control has been well defined, with distinct sets of proteins involved in the processes of translation initiation, elongation and termination. Additionally, noncanonical, trans-acting regulatory RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are necessary to provide mRNA-specific translation, and these interact with 5' and 3' untranslated regions and coding regions of mRNA to regulate ribosome recruitment and transit. Recently it has also been demonstrated that trans-acting ribosomal proteins direct the translation of specific mRNAs. Importantly, it has been shown that subsets of RBPs often work in concert, forming distinct regulatory complexes upon different cellular perturbation, creating an RBP combinatorial code, which through the translation of specific subsets of mRNAs, dictate cell fate. With the development of new methodologies, a plethora of novel RNA binding proteins have recently been identified, although the function of many of these proteins within mRNA translation is unknown. In this review we will discuss these methodologies and their shortcomings when applied to the study of translation, which need to be addressed to enable a better understanding of trans-acting translational regulatory proteins. Moreover, we discuss the protein domains that are responsible for RNA binding as well as the RNA motifs to which they bind, and the role of trans-acting ribosomal proteins in directing the translation of specific mRNAs. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA-Protein Complexes Translation > Translation Regulation Translation > Translation Mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom S. Smith
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Rayner M. L. Queiroz
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | | | - Eneko Villenueva
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Kathryn S. Lilley
- Cambridge Centre for Proteomics, Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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43
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Fischer K, Roberts M, Roscoe S, Avci Y, Ananvoranich S. Toxoplasma gondii infection induces the formation of host's nuclear granules containing poly(A)-binding proteins. Can J Microbiol 2018; 64:551-558. [PMID: 29658303 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To study the mechanism by which human host cells respond to an infection of Toxoplasma gondii, we monitored the level of poly(A)-binding protein (PABP), an indicator of translation. Here, we report an observation of the relocalization of PABPs in human host cells upon T. gondii infection. Notably, the aggregates of PABPs formed upon infection are mainly found in the nucleus, which is a different response from that found after exposure to heat shock. Pyrimethamine treatment of the infected monolayers inhibits the multiplicity of the parasite and reverses the relocalization of PABP aggregates. This active interaction between the infected mammalian host cells and T. gondii appears to be different from that caused by viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlee Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Mikayla Roberts
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Scott Roscoe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yasin Avci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Sirinart Ananvoranich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
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44
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de Melo Neto OP, da Costa Lima TDC, Merlo KC, Romão TP, Rocha PO, Assis LA, Nascimento LM, Xavier CC, Rezende AM, Reis CRS, Papadopoulou B. Phosphorylation and interactions associated with the control of the Leishmania Poly-A Binding Protein 1 (PABP1) function during translation initiation. RNA Biol 2018; 15:739-755. [PMID: 29569995 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2018.1445958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Poly-A Binding Protein (PABP) is a conserved eukaryotic polypeptide involved in many aspects of mRNA metabolism. During translation initiation, PABP interacts with the translation initiation complex eIF4F and enhances the translation of polyadenylated mRNAs. Schematically, most PABPs can be divided into an N-terminal RNA-binding region, a non-conserved linker segment and the C-terminal MLLE domain. In pathogenic Leishmania protozoans, three PABP homologues have been identified, with the first one (PABP1) targeted by phosphorylation and shown to co-immunoprecipitate with an eIF4F-like complex (EIF4E4/EIF4G3) implicated in translation initiation. Here, PABP1 phosphorylation was shown to be linked to logarithmic cell growth, reminiscent of EIF4E4 phosphorylation, and coincides with polysomal association. Phosphorylation targets multiple serine-proline (SP) or threonine-proline (TP) residues within the PABP1 linker region. This is an essential protein, but phosphorylation is not needed for its association with polysomes or cell viability. Mutations which do impair PABP1 polysomal association and are required for viability do not prevent phosphorylation, although further mutations lead to a presumed inactive protein largely lacking phosphorylated isoforms. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments were carried out to investigate PABP1 function further, identifying several novel protein partners and the EIF4E4/EIF4G3 complex, but no other eIF4F-like complex or subunit. A novel, direct interaction between PABP1 and EIF4E4 was also investigated and found to be mediated by the PABP1 MLLE binding to PABP Interacting Motifs (PAM2) within the EIF4E4 N-terminus. The results shown here are consistent with phosphorylation of PABP1 being part of a novel pathway controlling its function and possibly translation in Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kleison C Merlo
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | - Tatiany P Romão
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | | | - Ludmila A Assis
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | | | - Camila C Xavier
- a Instituto Aggeu Magalhães - FIOCRUZ , Recife , PE , Brazil
| | | | | | - Barbara Papadopoulou
- c CHU de Quebec Research Center and Department of Microbiology-Infectious Disease and Immunology , Laval University , Quebec , QC , Canada
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45
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Sawazaki R, Imai S, Yokogawa M, Hosoda N, Hoshino SI, Mio M, Mio K, Shimada I, Osawa M. Characterization of the multimeric structure of poly(A)-binding protein on a poly(A) tail. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1455. [PMID: 29362417 PMCID: PMC5780489 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic mature mRNAs possess a poly adenylate tail (poly(A)), to which multiple molecules of poly(A)-binding protein C1 (PABPC1) bind. PABPC1 regulates translation and mRNA metabolism by binding to regulatory proteins. To understand functional mechanism of the regulatory proteins, it is necessary to reveal how multiple molecules of PABPC1 exist on poly(A). Here, we characterize the structure of the multiple molecules of PABPC1 on poly(A), by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), chemical cross-linking, and NMR spectroscopy. The TEM images and chemical cross-linking results indicate that multiple PABPC1 molecules form a wormlike structure in the PABPC1-poly(A) complex, in which the PABPC1 molecules are linearly arrayed. NMR and cross-linking analyses indicate that PABPC1 forms a multimer by binding to the neighbouring PABPC1 molecules via interactions between the RNA recognition motif (RRM) 2 in one molecule and the middle portion of the linker region of another molecule. A PABPC1 mutant lacking the interaction site in the linker, which possesses an impaired ability to form the multimer, reduced the in vitro translation activity, suggesting the importance of PABPC1 multimer formation in the translation process. We therefore propose a model of the PABPC1 multimer that provides clues to comprehensively understand the regulation mechanism of mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sawazaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Imai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mariko Yokogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Nao Hosoda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hoshino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Muneyo Mio
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery and OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Mio
- Molecular Profiling Research Center for Drug Discovery and OPERANDO Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-0064, Japan
| | - Ichio Shimada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masanori Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan. .,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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46
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Nuclear, Cytosolic, and Surface-Localized Poly(A)-Binding Proteins of Plasmodium yoelii. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00435-17. [PMID: 29359180 PMCID: PMC5760745 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00435-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains one of the great global health problems. The parasite that causes malaria (Plasmodium genus) relies upon exquisite control of its transmission between vertebrate hosts and mosquitoes. One crucial way that it does so is by proactively producing mRNAs needed to establish the new infection but by silencing and storing them until they are needed. One key protein in this process of translational repression in model eukaryotes is poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). Here we have shown that Plasmodium yoelii utilizes both a nuclear PABP and a cytosolic PABP, both of which bind specifically to polyadenylated RNA sequences. Moreover, we find that the cytosolic PABP forms chains in vitro, consistent with its appreciated role in coating the poly(A) tails of mRNA. Finally, we have also verified that, surprisingly, the cytosolic PABP is found on the surface of Plasmodium sporozoites. Taking the data together, we propose that Plasmodium utilizes a more metazoan-like strategy for RNA metabolism using specialized PABPs. Malaria is a devastating illness that causes approximately 500,000 deaths annually. The malaria-causing parasite (Plasmodium genus) uses the process of translational repression to regulate its growth, development, and transmission. As poly(A)-binding proteins (PABP) have been identified as critical components of RNA metabolism and translational repression in model eukaryotes and in Plasmodium, we have identified and investigated two PABPs in Plasmodium yoelii, PyPABP1 and PyPABP2. In contrast to most single-celled eukaryotes, Plasmodium closely resembles metazoans and encodes both a nuclear PABP and a cytosolic PABP; here, we provide multiple lines of evidence in support of this observation. The conserved domain architectures of PyPABP1 and PyPABP2 resemble those of yeast and metazoans, while multiple independent binding assays demonstrated their ability to bind very strongly and specifically to poly(A) sequences. Interestingly, we also observed that purified PyPABP1 forms homopolymeric chains despite exhaustive RNase treatment in vitro. Finally, we show by indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) that PyPABP1 and PyPABP2 are cytoplasm- and nucleus-associated PABPs during the blood stages of the life cycle. Surprisingly, however, PyPABP1 was instead observed to also be localized on the surface of transmitted salivary gland sporozoites and to be deposited in trails when parasites glide on a substrate. This is the third RNA-binding protein verified to be found on the sporozoite surface, and the data may point to an unappreciated RNA-centered interface between the host and parasite. IMPORTANCE Malaria remains one of the great global health problems. The parasite that causes malaria (Plasmodium genus) relies upon exquisite control of its transmission between vertebrate hosts and mosquitoes. One crucial way that it does so is by proactively producing mRNAs needed to establish the new infection but by silencing and storing them until they are needed. One key protein in this process of translational repression in model eukaryotes is poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). Here we have shown that Plasmodium yoelii utilizes both a nuclear PABP and a cytosolic PABP, both of which bind specifically to polyadenylated RNA sequences. Moreover, we find that the cytosolic PABP forms chains in vitro, consistent with its appreciated role in coating the poly(A) tails of mRNA. Finally, we have also verified that, surprisingly, the cytosolic PABP is found on the surface of Plasmodium sporozoites. Taking the data together, we propose that Plasmodium utilizes a more metazoan-like strategy for RNA metabolism using specialized PABPs.
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47
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Maraia RJ, Mattijssen S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Conte MR. The La and related RNA-binding proteins (LARPs): structures, functions, and evolving perspectives. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2017; 8:10.1002/wrna.1430. [PMID: 28782243 PMCID: PMC5647580 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
La was first identified as a polypeptide component of ribonucleic protein complexes targeted by antibodies in autoimmune patients and is now known to be a eukaryote cell-ubiquitous protein. Structure and function studies have shown that La binds to a common terminal motif, UUU-3'-OH, of nascent RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) transcripts and protects them from exonucleolytic decay. For precursor-tRNAs, the most diverse and abundant of these transcripts, La also functions as an RNA chaperone that helps to prevent their misfolding. Related to this, we review evidence that suggests that La and its link to RNAP III were significant in the great expansions of the tRNAomes that occurred in eukaryotes. Four families of La-related proteins (LARPs) emerged during eukaryotic evolution with specialized functions. We provide an overview of the high-resolution structural biology of La and LARPs. LARP7 family members most closely resemble La but function with a single RNAP III nuclear transcript, 7SK, or telomerase RNA. A cytoplasmic isoform of La protein as well as LARPs 6, 4, and 1 function in mRNA metabolism and translation in distinct but similar ways, sometimes with the poly(A)-binding protein, and in some cases by direct binding to poly(A)-RNA. New structures of LARP domains, some complexed with RNA, provide novel insights into the functional versatility of these proteins. We also consider LARPs in relation to ancestral La protein and potential retention of links to specific RNA-related pathways. One such link may be tRNA surveillance and codon usage by LARP-associated mRNAs. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1430. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1430 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Maraia
- Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
- Commissioned Corps, U.S. Public Health Service, Rockville, MD USA
| | - Sandy Mattijssen
- Intramural Research Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
| | - Maria R. Conte
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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Harwig A, Landick R, Berkhout B. The Battle of RNA Synthesis: Virus versus Host. Viruses 2017; 9:v9100309. [PMID: 29065472 PMCID: PMC5691660 DOI: 10.3390/v9100309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription control is the foundation of gene regulation. Whereas a cell is fully equipped for this task, viruses often depend on the host to supply tools for their transcription program. Over the course of evolution and adaptation, viruses have found diverse ways to optimally exploit cellular host processes such as transcription to their own benefit. Just as cells are increasingly understood to employ nascent RNAs in transcription regulation, recent discoveries are revealing how viruses use nascent RNAs to benefit their own gene expression. In this review, we first outline the two different transcription programs used by viruses, i.e., transcription (DNA-dependent) and RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Subsequently, we use the distinct stages (initiation, elongation, termination) to describe the latest insights into nascent RNA-mediated regulation in the context of each relevant stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Harwig
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Robert Landick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Ben Berkhout
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Mattijssen S, Arimbasseri AG, Iben JR, Gaidamakov S, Lee J, Hafner M, Maraia RJ. LARP4 mRNA codon-tRNA match contributes to LARP4 activity for ribosomal protein mRNA poly(A) tail length protection. eLife 2017; 6:e28889. [PMID: 28895529 PMCID: PMC5626478 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNA function is controlled by the 3' poly(A) tail (PAT) and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). La-related protein-4 (LARP4) binds poly(A) and PABP. LARP4 mRNA contains a translation-dependent, coding region determinant (CRD) of instability that limits its expression. Although the CRD comprises <10% of LARP4 codons, the mRNA levels vary >20 fold with synonymous CRD substitutions that accommodate tRNA dynamics. Separately, overexpression of the most limiting tRNA increases LARP4 levels and reveals its functional activity, net lengthening of the PATs of heterologous mRNAs with concomitant stabilization, including ribosomal protein (RP) mRNAs. Genetic deletion of cellular LARP4 decreases PAT length and RPmRNA stability. This LARP4 activity requires its PABP-interaction domain and the RNA-binding module which we show is sensitive to poly(A) 3'-termini, consistent with protection from deadenylation. The results indicate that LARP4 is a posttranscriptional regulator of ribosomal protein production in mammalian cells and suggest that this activity can be controlled by tRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Mattijssen
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | | | - James R Iben
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sergei Gaidamakov
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Joowon Lee
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Markus Hafner
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Richard J Maraia
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
- Commissioned CorpsUS Public Health ServiceBethesdaUnited Staes
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mRNA 3' uridylation and poly(A) tail length sculpt the mammalian maternal transcriptome. Nature 2017; 548:347-351. [PMID: 28792939 PMCID: PMC5768236 DOI: 10.1038/nature23318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental principle in biology is that the program for early development is established during oogenesis in the form of the maternal transcriptome. How the maternal transcriptome acquires the appropriate content and dosage of transcripts is not fully understood. Here we show that 3' terminal uridylation of mRNA mediated by TUT4 and TUT7 sculpts the mouse maternal transcriptome by eliminating transcripts during oocyte growth. Uridylation mediated by TUT4 and TUT7 is essential for both oocyte maturation and fertility. In comparison to somatic cells, the oocyte transcriptome has a shorter poly(A) tail and a higher relative proportion of terminal oligo-uridylation. Deletion of TUT4 and TUT7 leads to the accumulation of a cohort of transcripts with a high frequency of very short poly(A) tails, and a loss of 3' oligo-uridylation. By contrast, deficiency of TUT4 and TUT7 does not alter gene expression in a variety of somatic cells. In summary, we show that poly(A) tail length and 3' terminal uridylation have essential and specific functions in shaping a functional maternal transcriptome.
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