1
|
Zhuzzhassarova G, Azarbayjani F, Zamaratskaia G. Fish and Seafood Safety: Human Exposure to Toxic Metals from the Aquatic Environment and Fish in Central Asia. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1590. [PMID: 38338869 PMCID: PMC10855114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxic metals that are released into aquatic environments from natural and anthropogenic sources are absorbed by aquatic organisms and may threaten the health of both aquatic organisms and humans. Despite this, there have been limited studies on the metal concentrations in fish and humans in Central Asia. This study summarizes the presence of the toxic metals arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) in aquatic bodies, fish, and seafood products and conducts a risk assessment. While certain areas show a notable increase in fish and seafood consumption, the overall intake in Central Asia remains below recommended levels. However, in regions with high fish consumption, there is a potential for elevated exposure to toxic metals, especially Hg. The risk of exposure to toxic metals in fish and seafood in Central Asia emerges as a significant concern. Comprehensive monitoring, regulation, and remediation efforts are imperative to ensure the safety of water sources and food consumption in the region. Public awareness campaigns and the establishment of dietary guidelines play a crucial role in minimizing the health risks associated with consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gulnur Zhuzzhassarova
- Department of Veterinary Sanitation, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro-Technical University, Astana 010 011, Kazakhstan;
| | - Faranak Azarbayjani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, 751 24 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Galia Zamaratskaia
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25 Vodnany, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seltenrich N. A Terminal Case? Shrinking Inland Seas Expose Salty Particulates and More. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:62001. [PMID: 37347669 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
|
3
|
Sabirov ZB, Battakova SB, Otarbayeva MB, Mukasheva MA, Tokhtar K, Zharkyn ZZ, Yeshmagambetova AB, Serik Z. Biological (microfloral) factors of influence on cytogenetic stability during chemical mutagenesis. BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2023; 68:101-112. [PMID: 37218989 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2023.2216444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the results of a study of chromosomal mutations in residents living in the Aral Sea disaster zone. The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of the combined effect of a chemical mutagen (nickel) and bacterial microflora on the level of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. This study used classical methods of cell cultivation, methods for determining chromosomal aberrations, a cytomorphological method for assessing epithelial cells, and an atomic absorption method for determining trace elements in the blood. The article shows that with an increase of chemical agent in the blood, the number of cells with features of damage and cells with contamination by microflora increases. Both of these factors cause an increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. The article demonstrates how being exposed to a chemical factor increases chromosomal mutations, and also damages membrane components, which leads to a decrease in the barrier and protective function of the cell, and as a result also affects the level of chromosomal aberrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanbol B Sabirov
- The scientific-research sanitary-hygienic laboratory of the Institute of Public Health and Professional Health, Medical University of Karaganda, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
- Department of Physiology, NC JSC Karagandy University named after E. A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Sharbanu B Battakova
- Neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and rehabilitology department, NC JSC Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Maral B Otarbayeva
- Neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and rehabilitology department, NC JSC Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Manara A Mukasheva
- Department of Physiology, NC JSC Karagandy University named after E. A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Kispayev Tokhtar
- Department of Theory and Methodology of Physical Culture, NC JSC Karagandy University named after E. A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhumagaliyeva Z Zharkyn
- Department of Zoology, NC JSC Karagandy University named after E. A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Aliya B Yeshmagambetova
- Department of Zoology, NC JSC Karagandy University named after E. A. Buketov, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhunusov Serik
- Department of Surgery diseases, NC JSC Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Miao Y, Porter WC, Schwabe K, LeComte-Hinely J. Evaluating health outcome metrics and their connections to air pollution and vulnerability in Southern California's Coachella Valley. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153255. [PMID: 35066029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing desiccation of California's Salton Sea has led to increasing concerns about air quality and health for its surrounding communities, including the nearby Coachella Valley - a region already experiencing severe air quality and health disparities. Here we explore spatial air pollution and human health disparities in the Coachella Valley with particular attention to disparities arising across population characteristics including both socioeconomic and demographic vulnerabilities. We use two different measures of respiratory and cardiovascular health outcomes at the individual and census tract levels - one measure based on a randomly sampled telephone survey and the other measure based on emergency room visitation data - to investigate the degree to which these health outcomes are connected to air pollution and socioeconomic metrics. We further investigate biases and differences between the health outcome metrics themselves and suggest opportunities to address them in future analyses and survey efforts. We find that more vulnerable communities are associated with higher levels of fine particulates, but lower levels of ozone. While emergency visit rates show a significant positive correlation with both pollutants, no such association is found when using surveyed health outcome data. The ratio of emergency visits versus survey rates shows a positive relationship with socioeconomic and demographic vulnerability, indicating that vulnerable communities are less likely to self-report diagnoses despite higher rates of respiratory or cardiovascular hospitalization. Additionally, survey respondents tend to show less vulnerability relative to their surrounding census-based demographics. These findings suggest the need for greater attention to health issues specifically within disadvantaged communities in the Coachella Valley, building upon and working within existing community networks and local resources, to better address current and projected health needs. Our findings also highlight disparities in air pollution exposure, health outcomes, and population characteristics in the Coachella Valley, providing context for crucial pollution reduction efforts in the face of increasing environmental threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaning Miao
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - William C Porter
- Department of Environmental Science, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Kurt Schwabe
- School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Doede AL, DeGuzman PB. The Disappearing Lake: A Historical Analysis of Drought and the Salton Sea in the Context of the GeoHealth Framework. GEOHEALTH 2020; 4:e2020GH000271. [PMID: 32999947 PMCID: PMC7509641 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Imperial Valley region of Southeastern California has become one of the most productive agricultural regions in the state and has the highest rates of childhood asthma in California. Lack of precipitation in the Imperial Valley has caused the water level of the Salton Sea to recede to a record low since its formation in the early 1900s. Previous studies of wind and dust deposition conducted in other regions have shown how reduced precipitation, ground heating, and the diminishing water level in an arid climate pose a risk of exposing previously sequestered toxic chemicals to open air, adversely affecting lung health. The purpose of this study is to draw historical parallels between the Aral Sea and Salton Sea in the context of geomorphology, ecology, human health, economics, and human migration, to inform an assessment of environmentally related health impacts of those living in the Imperial Valley region. Future droughts and heatwaves are expected to rise in frequency and severity, disproportionately affecting those impacted by financial and health disparities. Future research must include the implications of population health in the context of GeoHealth as a result of the most recent drought and the receding water levels of the Salton Sea.
Collapse
|
6
|
Rzymski P, Klimaszyk P, Niedzielski P, Marszelewski W, Borowiak D, Nowiński K, Baikenzheyeva A, Kurmanbayev R, Aladin N. Pollution with trace elements and rare-earth metals in the lower course of Syr Darya River and Small Aral Sea, Kazakhstan. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 234:81-88. [PMID: 31203044 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades the Aral Sea has faced a major human-driven regression leading to environmental, economic and health impacts. Previous research has indicated that its region may be highly polluted yet there is little recent data to assess the scale or nature of the pollution. The present study investigated the concentration of elements for which the World Health Organization (WHO) has established guideline levels (Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb) as well as 16 rare-earth elements (Ce, Eu, Er, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Dy, Ho, Lu, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb) in the Small Aral Sea (SAS) and its inflow, the Syr Darya River (SDR). The latter displayed increased levels of Al (mean 851 μg L-1), As (35.8 μg L-1), Cd (2.8 μg L-1), Pb (10.1 μg L-1) and U (4.9 μg L-1), exceeding the guideline limits at selected sites. In the SAS these limits were exceeded at certain locations in the case of As and U. The total mean concentration of REEs in the SDR and SAS amounted to 22.6 and 61.7 μg L-1, respectively, with Pr, Ce and Nd constituting the greatest share. The concentrations of B, Ba Cr, Cu, Se and Ni were below the WHO guideline levels at all studied sites while Sb and Hg were always below detection limits. This research provides an updated status on the levels of contamination of the surface waters in the ecological disaster zone of the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Piotr Klimaszyk
- Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Przemysław Niedzielski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Dariusz Borowiak
- Department of Limnology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland; Limnological Station in Borucino, University of Gdańsk, Borucino, Poland
| | - Kamil Nowiński
- Department of Limnology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | - Nikolai Aladin
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnston JE, Razafy M, Lugo H, Olmedo L, Farzan SF. The disappearing Salton Sea: A critical reflection on the emerging environmental threat of disappearing saline lakes and potential impacts on children's health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 663:804-817. [PMID: 30738261 PMCID: PMC7232737 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Changing weather patterns, droughts and competing water demands are dramatically altering the landscape and creating conditions conducive to the production of wind-blown dust and dust storms. In California, such factors are leading to the rapid shrinking of the Salton Sea, a 345 mile2 land-locked "sea" situated near the southeastern rural border region known as the Imperial Valley. The region is anticipated to experience a dramatic increase in wind-blown dust and existing studies suggest a significant impact on the health and quality of life for nearby residents of this predominantly low-income, Mexican-American community. The discussion calls attention to the public health dimensions of the Salton Sea crisis. We know little about the possible long-term health effects of exposure to mobilized lakebed sediments or the numerous toxic contaminants that may become respirable on entrained particles. We draw on existing epidemiological literature of other known sources of wind-blown dust, such as desert dust storms, and related health effects to begin to understand the potential public health impact of wind-blown dust exposure. The increased production of wind-blown dust and environmental exposures to such non-combustion related sources of particulate matter are a growing health threat, due in part to drought coupled with increasing pressures on limited water resources. Recent population-based studies have linked dust storms with cardiovascular mortality, asthma hospitalization and decrease in pulmonary function in both adults and children. A growing number of studies provide evidence of the acute health effects of wind-blown dust exposures among children, which with repeated insults have the potential to influence respiratory health over time. The shrinking of the Salton Sea illustrates a public health and environmental justice crisis that requires action and attention to protect the health and well-being of local communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Johnston
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Mitiasoa Razafy
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Humberto Lugo
- Comite Civico del Valle, Brawley, CA, United States of America
| | - Luis Olmedo
- Comite Civico del Valle, Brawley, CA, United States of America
| | - Shohreh F Farzan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
SADEGHI-BAZARGANI H, ALLAHVERDIPOUR H, ASGHARI JAFARABADI M, AZAMI-AGHDASH S. Lakes Drying and Their Adverse Effects on Human Health: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 48:227-237. [PMID: 31205876 PMCID: PMC6556201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most important effects of many drying lakes in the world is increasing the emergence and outbreak of different diseases. For this sake, the present study aimed to systematically review the effects of lakes drying on human health. METHODS The present systematic review was designed and conducted in 2017. Data were gathered by searching the Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Knowledge databases, along with hand search of key journals and unpublished resources and contact with experts. There was no specific time span for the search. RESULTS Overall, 22 articles were selected with 20 articles about Aral Lake drying. Almost all studies were cross-sectional and retrospective. In 8 studies, the participants were children. Seventeen articles lakes drying have adverse effects on human health. Based on the type of effect, the studies were classified into 7 categories (respiratory problems, reproductive system problems, kidney and urological diseases, cancers, anemia, and diarrhea). CONCLUSION Most studies depicted the harmful effects of lakes draught on human health; they had low level of evidence as they were mostly retrospective and cross-sectional. There is not enough evidence to accept or reject with high level of certainty the very effects of lakes drying on human health. To provide such evidence we suggest conducting middle and long term cohort and observational studies with scientific bases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid ALLAHVERDIPOUR
- Clinical Psychiatry Research Center, Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran, Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Health Education & Promotion, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad ASGHARI JAFARABADI
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saber AZAMI-AGHDASH
- Iranian Center of Excellence in Health Management, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Skálová S. The Diagnostic Role of Urinary N-Acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) Activity in the Detection of Renal Tubular Impairment. ACTA MEDICA (HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ) 2018. [DOI: 10.14712/18059694.2018.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The kidney function can be assessed by a number of methods. The urinary excretion of enzymes, in particular N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), is considered a relatively simple, cheap, fast and non-invasive method in the detection and follow-up of renal tubular function under various conditions. The determination of urinary NAG provides a very sensitive and reliable indicator of renal damage, such as injury or dysfunction due to diabetes mellitus, nephrotic syndrome, inflammation, vesicoureteral reflux, urinary tract infection, hypercalciuria, urolithiasis, nephrocalcinosis, perinatal asphyxia, hypoxia, hypertension, heavy metals poisoning, treatment with aminoglycosides, valproate, or other nephrotoxic drugs. This paper gives an overview of the current use of urinary NAG in the detection of renal injury.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ramírez-Rubio O, Amador JJ, Kaufman JS, Weiner DE, Parikh CR, Khan U, McClean MD, Laws RL, López-Pilarte D, Friedman DJ, Kupferman J, Brooks DR. Urine biomarkers of kidney injury among adolescents in Nicaragua, a region affected by an epidemic of chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015; 31:424-32. [PMID: 26311057 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) of non-traditional aetiology has been recently recognized by health authorities as a public health priority in Central America. Previous studies have identified strenuous manual work, agricultural activities and residence at low altitude as potential risk factors; however, the aetiology remains unknown. Because individuals are frequently diagnosed with CKD in early adulthood, we measured biomarkers of kidney injury among adolescents in different regions of Nicaragua to assess whether kidney damage might be initiated during childhood. METHODS Participants include 200 adolescents aged 12-18 years with no prior work history from four different schools in Nicaragua. The location of the school served as a proxy for environmental exposures and geographic locations were selected to represent a range of factors that have been associated with CKD in adults (e.g. altitude, primary industry and CKD mortality rates). Questionnaires, urine dipsticks and kidney injury biomarkers [interleukin-18, N-acetyl-d-glucosaminidase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and albumin-creatinine ratio] were assessed. Biomarker concentrations were compared by school using linear regression models. RESULTS Protein (3.5%) and glucose (1%) in urine measured by dipstick were rare and did not differ by school. Urine biomarkers of tubular kidney damage, particularly NGAL and NAG, showed higher concentrations in those schools and regions within Nicaragua that were defined a priori as having increased CKD risk. Painful urination was a frequent self-reported symptom. CONCLUSIONS Although interpretation of these urine biomarkers is limited because of the lack of population reference values, results suggest the possibility of early kidney damage prior to occupational exposures in these adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Ramírez-Rubio
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan José Amador
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James S Kaufman
- Research Service, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System and New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel E Weiner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center and Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chirag R Parikh
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Program of Applied Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Usman Khan
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA Program of Applied Translational Research, Department of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael D McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Laws
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Damaris López-Pilarte
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David J Friedman
- Renal Division and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Kupferman
- Renal Division and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel R Brooks
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sheira G, Noreldin N, Tamer A, Saad M. Urinary biomarker N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase can predict severity of renal damage in diabetic nephropathy. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2015; 14:4. [PMID: 25717442 PMCID: PMC4340101 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-015-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetic nephropathy is a clinical diagnosis where proteinuria is present in a patient with diabetes. Early intervention can significantly improve the prognosis. However, imprecision of the currently available biomarkers have impaired effective therapies in a timely manner. Urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) is excreted in abnormally high amounts in many renal diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate urinary NAG as an early biomarker in detection of diabetic nephropathy and whether it parallels the severity of kidney damage in different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Methods Fifty patients with type 2 DM were classified into 3 groups (normoalbuminurea, microalbuminurea and macroalbuminurea) and 10 healthy subjects served as a control group. Urinary NAG, albumin and creatinine were measured. Blood urea, serum creatinine, serum albumin, total proteins, serum cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c and creatinine clearance were measured for all subjects. Results All diabetic patients had a significantly higher level of urinary NAG compared to control. NAG value increased in parallel with the severity of renal involvement. Conclusion Urinary NAG expresses the degree of renal impairment in diabetic nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Sheira
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Noreldin
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Almokadem Tamer
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saad
- Clinical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Tanta, Tanta, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jayasumana C, Paranagama P, Agampodi S, Wijewardane C, Gunatilake S, Siribaddana S. Drinking well water and occupational exposure to Herbicides is associated with chronic kidney disease, in Padavi-Sripura, Sri Lanka. Environ Health 2015; 14:6. [PMID: 25596925 PMCID: PMC4417209 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) among paddy farmers in was first reported in 1994 and has now become most important public health issue in dry zone of Sri Lanka. The objective was to identify risk factors associated with the epidemic in an area with high prevalence. METHODS A case control study was carried out in Padavi-Sripura hospital in Trincomalee district. CKDu patients were defined using health ministry criteria. All confirmed cases (N = 125) fulfilling the entry criteria were recruited to the study. Control selection (N = 180) was done from people visiting the hospital for CKDu screening. Socio-demographic and data related to usage of applying pesticides and fertilizers were studied. Drinking water was also analyzed using ICP-MS and ELISA to determine the levels of metals and glyphosate. RESULTS Majority of patients were farmers (N = 107, 85.6%) and were educated up to 'Ordinary Level' (N = 92, 73.6%). We specifically analyzed for the effect modification of, farming by sex, which showed a significantly higher risk for male farmers with OR 4.69 (95% CI 1.06-20.69) in comparison to their female counterparts. In the multivariable analysis the highest risk for CKDu was observed among participants who drank well water (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.12-5.70) and had history of drinking water from an abandoned well (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.88-10.26) and spray glyphosate (OR 5.12, 95% CI 2.33-11.26) as a pesticide. Water analysis showed significantly higher amount of hardness, electrical conductivity and glyphosate levels in abandoned wells. In addition Ca, Mg, Ba, Sr, Fe, Ti, V and Sr were high in abandoned wells. Surface water from reservoirs in the endemic area also showed contamination with glyphosate but at a much lower level. Glyphosate was not seen in water samples in the Colombo district. CONCLUSION The current study strongly favors the hypothesis that CKDu epidemic among farmers in dry zone of Sri Lanka is associated with, history of drinking water from a well that was abandoned. In addition, it is associated with spraying glyphosate and other pesticides in paddy fields. Farmers do not use personnel protective equipments and wears scanty clothing due to heat when spraying pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Channa Jayasumana
- />Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, 50008 Sri Lanka
| | - Priyani Paranagama
- />Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- />Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Sarath Gunatilake
- />Department of Health Science, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA USA
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- />Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Crighton EJ, Barwin L, Small I, Upshur R. What have we learned? A review of the literature on children's health and the environment in the Aral Sea area. Int J Public Health 2010; 56:125-38. [PMID: 20976516 PMCID: PMC3066395 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-010-0201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 07/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To review the published literature examining the impacts of the Aral Sea disaster on children’s health. Methods A systematic review of the English language literature. Results The literature search uncovered 26 peer-reviewed articles and four major reports published between 1994 and 2008. Anemia, diarrheal diseases, and high body burdens of toxic contaminants were identified as being among the significant health problems for children. These problems are associated either directly with the environmental disaster or indirectly via the deterioration of the region’s economy and social and health care services. While links between persistent organic pollutant exposures and body burdens are clear, health impacts remain poorly understood. No clear evidence for the link between dust exposure and respiratory function was identified. Conclusion While important questions about the nature of the child health and environment relationships remain to be answered, the literature unequivocally illustrates the seriousness of the public health tragedy and provides sufficient evidence to justify immediate action. Regrettably, international awareness of the crisis continues to be poor, and the level of action addressing the situation is wholly inadequate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric James Crighton
- Health and Environment Analysis Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bacchetta J, Dubourg L, Juillard L, Cochat P. Non-drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Pediatr Nephrol 2009; 24:2291-300. [PMID: 19399523 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-009-1180-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Several drugs and other compounds can induce acute and/or chronic nephrotoxicity. The goal of this study was to review clinical features of nephrotoxicity induced by 'atypical' or 'unconventional' agents, such as environmental agents (metals, minerals, animals), food agents (mushrooms, aristolochic acid, medicinal traditional herbals, dietary supplements, melamine), drugs, and other products (ethylene glycol). Nephrotoxicity varies according to local background, dependent on different food and cultural customs, as well as to differences in local fauna and flora. The incidence of such a phenomenon is not well known. Many different pathophysiological pathways are involved, and the spectrum of renal lesions is rather wide. 'Epidemic nephrotoxicity' may occur, as recently illustrated by the melamine epidemics in Chinese infants receiving powdered milk formulas; a rapid reaction to unusual increased frequency of acute kidney injury and nephrolithiasis in young children has led to a rapid analysis from international experts, with subsequent recommendations for diagnosis and care. Nephrotoxicity should be considered when there is any unexplained renal impairment, especially in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Bacchetta
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Rénales Rares, Service de Néphrologie et Rhumatologie Pédiatriques, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Boulevard Pinel, 69677 Bron, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bennion P, Hubbard R, O'Hara S, Wiggs G, Wegerdt J, Lewis S, Small I, van der Meer J, Upshur R. The impact of airborne dust on respiratory health in children living in the Aral Sea region. Int J Epidemiol 2007; 36:1103-10. [PMID: 17911152 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dym195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anecdotally, people living in the Aral Sea region report an increase in the prevalence of respiratory illnesses, particularly in children, and there is widespread belief that this is due to dust from the Aral Sea bed. METHODS We conducted a survey of respiratory symptoms and lung function in children aged 7-10 years living in 18 communities in 6 geographical regions in the Aral Sea area. We monitored dust deposition rates monthly for the duration of the study. RESULTS The overall prevalence of recent wheeze was low at 4.2%, but this figure varied with region and was higher in the more accessible urban and delta regions and lower in the more remote regions. We found no evidence of an association between local annual dust deposition and specific respiratory symptoms. Lung function results also showed variation between geographical regions not explained by annual dust deposition. After allowing for region of residence, however, there was some evidence of an inverse association between percentage predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s(FEV1) and dust exposure during the summer months (change in percentage predicted FEV1 per 1,000 kg/ha annual dust deposition -1.465) (95% confidence interval -2.519 to -0.412); however, in winter, the reverse was true. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of asthma is low in the Aral Sea area and appears to be unrelated to dust exposure. Exposure to dust did not explain the main variations in lung function between geographical regions but high levels of dust exposure during the summer may have an adverse effect on lung function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Polly Bennion
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carpenter DO, El-Qaderi S, Fayzieva D, Gilani AH, Hambartsumyan A, Herz K, Isobaev M, Kasymov O, Kudyakov R, Majitova Z, Mamadov E, Nemer L, Revich B, Stege P, Suk W, Upshur R, Yilmaz B, Zaineh K. Children's environmental health in Central Asia and the Middle east. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2006; 12:362-8. [PMID: 17168224 DOI: 10.1179/oeh.2006.12.4.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Children in Central Asia and the Middle East bear disproportionate environmental threats to health, of which the most widespread and serious result from poverty, malnutrition, lack of access to safe drinking water and food, and exposures to toxic chemicals. Their psychological health is threatened in several parts of this region by internal wars and strife. Many, or even most, children are regularly exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. In many of these countries, children constitute very high percentages of the population. Because children constitute the future, it is critical that these threats to their health be addressed and reduced to the greatest extent possible through both provision of safe and adequate drinking water and nutrition and reduction of exposures to environmental contaminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David O Carpenter
- Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany SUNY, Rensselaer, New York 12144-3429, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kunii O, Hashizume M, Chiba M, Sasaki S, Shimoda T, Caypil W, Dauletbaev D. Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function among school-age children in the Aral Sea region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 58:676-82. [PMID: 15702891 DOI: 10.3200/aeoh.58.11.676-682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The saline Aral Sea in central Asia was once the 4th largest inland lake in the world. Desiccation of the Aral Sea as a result of diversion of inflow for irrigation has resulted in significant adverse health effects among residents of surrounding areas. This study was conducted to examine respiratory symptoms and function among children who lived in "the heavily affected disaster zone" (i.e., within 200 km of the Aral Sea), by comparing them with children who lived in "the slightly affected disaster zone" (i.e., located approximately 500 km from the Aral Sea). A questionnaire-based interview was conducted among 383 students 6-15 yr of age who lived in the study area and 432 students who lived in the reference area. Pulmonary function tests were completed by 337 children in the study area and 417 children in the reference area. Prevalence of current cough and current wheezing was higher among the study group participants. Percentage of predicted forced vital capacity (FVC% predicted) was lower in the study group (median = 96.6%) than in the reference group (median = 100.5%), and prevalence of restrictive pulmonary dysfunction was higher in the study group (10.6%) than in the reference group (2.6%). Multivariate analysis indicated that FVC% predicted was lower among females and in the study area, but was not associated with socioeconomic factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kunii
- Research Center for Tropical Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|