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Guo H, Chen Y, Zhou L, Xiang X, He F, Chen X, Fu W, Long Y, Wang Y, Ma X. A radioactive and fluorescent dual modality cysteine cathepsin-B activity-based probe for the detection and treatment evaluation in rheumatoid arthritis. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2024; 14:261-271. [PMID: 39309417 PMCID: PMC11411192 DOI: 10.62347/iaed6442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Activated macrophages are key effector cells and specific markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Cysteine cathepsin B (CTS-B) is highly expressed in macrophages and positively associated with RA activity and severity. This study aims to evaluate an activity-based multi-modality diagnostic agent, 68Ga-BMX2, which targets CTS-B to visualize the arthritis activity and evaluate the treatment efficacy. A CTS-B activity-based probe, BMX2, was labeled efficiently with 68Ga to produce 68Ga-BMX2 for fluorescent and positron emission tomography (PET) multi-modality imaging. The affinity and specificity of BMX2 binding with the CTS-B enzyme in macrophages were determined by radioactive experiment using RAW 264.7 cell lines, with CA074 and BMX5 as the inhibitors to test the specificity of the binding. Then, PET and fluorescence imaging were acquired on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Additionally, the treatment monitoring capability of 68Ga-BMX2 PET/CT imaging was tested with methotrexate (MTX). RAW 264.7 macrophage cells showed significant uptake of 68Ga-BMX2. The binding of BMX2 with CTS-B in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells is time-dependent and could be blocked by CA074 and BMX5. In vivo optical and PET imaging showed high signals in the right hind arthritis in CIA mice from 68Ga-BMX2 and BMX2 accumulated for at least 120 h. Additionally, 68Ga-BMX2 signals were significantly reduced in the MTX-treated CIA mice compared to the control group. The 68Ga-BMX2, a radioactive and fluorescent dual-modality diagnostic agent targeting CTS-B, demonstrated a practical approach for CIA PET and fluorescence imaging. The 68Ga-BMX2 multimodality imaging could significantly monitor the treatment response in the CIA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yanjing Chen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lianbo Zhou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xin Xiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xingdou Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wenjie Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yu Long
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yunhua Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityNo. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha 410011, Hunan, PR China
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Lebwohl M, Iversen L, Eidsmo L, Krueger JG, Suárez-Fariñas M, Tomalin L, Kolbinger F, You R, Milutinovic M. Investigation of plaque psoriasis relapse after secukinumab withdrawal in patients from two phase III studies. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:793-800. [PMID: 37820029 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secukinumab is effective against a range of psoriatic manifestations. Investigating psoriasis (PsO) relapse following secukinumab discontinuation could provide insights into long-term PsO remission. OBJECTIVES To examine PsO relapse rates on treatment discontinuation following 1 year of secukinumab treatment. METHODS This study (clinical trial number: NCT01544595) is an extension of the phase III ERASURE/FIXTURE studies in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque PsO. After 1 year of secukinumab 300 mg or 150 mg treatment, participants who had responded to treatment with a ≥ 75% reduction in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI 75) at week 52 were randomly assigned to receive placebo (n = 120 and n = 100, respectively). On relapse, patients receiving placebo were switched to their previous secukinumab dose. The study primary outcome was the nonrelapse rate after secukinumab withdrawal. RESULTS Following the last dose of secukinumab 300 mg, 20.8% (25/120) and 10.0% (12/120) of patients who switched to placebo did not relapse at 1 and 2 years after discontinuation, respectively. Patients who received secukinumab 150 mg for 1 year showed a lower proportion of nonrelapse following treatment discontinuation [14% (14/100) and 6% (6/100)] at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Patients who did not relapse maintained low mean PASI (2.8) at 1 year drug free vs. baseline (20.9); 1.7 at 2 years drug free vs. baseline (19.2), following an initial 52-week treatment with secukinumab 300 mg. Disease duration (P = 0.02) and severity (P = 0.02) were significantly associated with time to relapse in patients initially treated with secukinumab 300 mg; patients with shorter disease duration and lower baseline PASI remained relapse-free for longer. CONCLUSIONS Following discontinuation of secukinumab, a proportion of patients stayed relapse-free. Further, patients with shorter disease duration remained relapse-free for longer, suggesting that earlier treatment with secukinumab may result in long-term clinical control of moderate-to-severe PsO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Lebwohl
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Liv Eidsmo
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Sweden
- Leo Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory of Investigative Dermatology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Lewis Tomalin
- Population Health and Science Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Kolbinger
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruquan You
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, China
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van Mulligen E, Rutten-van Mölken M, van der Helm-van Mil A. Early identification of rheumatoid arthritis: does it induce treatment-related cost savings? Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2024-225746. [PMID: 39019569 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2024-225746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early diagnosis and treatment-start is key for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the economic effect of an early versus a later diagnosis has never been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether early diagnosis of RA is associated with lower treatment-related costs compared with later diagnosis. METHODS Patients with RA consecutively included in the Leiden Early Arthritis Clinic between 2011 and 2017 were studied (n=431). Symptom duration was defined as the time between symptom onset and first presentation at the outpatient clinic; early treatment start was defined as symptom duration <12 weeks. Information on disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug use per patient over 5 years was obtained from prescription data from patient records. Prices were used from 2022 and 2012 (proxy of time of prescription) to study the impact of changes in drug costs. Autoantibody-positive and autoantibody-negative RA were studied separately because differences in disease severity may influence costs. RESULTS Within autoantibody-negative RA, costs were 316% higher in the late compared with the early group (β=4.16 (95% CI 1.57 to 11.1); €4856 vs €1159). When using 2012 prices, results were similar. For autoantibody-positive RA, costs were 19% higher in the late group (€9418 vs €7934, β=1.19, 0.57 to 2.47). This effect was present but smaller when using 2012 prices. Within patients with autoantibody-positive RA using biologicals, late treatment start was associated with 46% higher costs (β=1.46 (0.91 to 2.33)); higher costs were also seen when using 2012 prices. CONCLUSION When RA is detected within 12 weeks after symptom onset, treatment-related costs were lower in both autoantibody-negative and autoantibody-positive RA. This study is the first to report how early diagnosis and treatment start impact treatment-related costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise van Mulligen
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Maureen Rutten-van Mölken
- Health Technology Assessment, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
| | - Annette van der Helm-van Mil
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
- Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands
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Ioussoufovitch S, Diop M. Time-domain diffuse optical imaging technique for monitoring rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: experimental validation in tissue-mimicking finger phantoms. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:125021. [PMID: 38830365 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad53a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Effective treatment within 3-5 months of disease onset significantly improves rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prognosis. Nevertheless, 30% of RA patients fail their first treatment, and it takes 3-6 months to identify failure with current monitoring techniques. Time-domain diffuse optical imaging (TD-DOI) may be more sensitive to RA disease activity and could be used to detect treatment failure. In this report, we present the development of a TD-DOI hand imaging system and validate its ability to measure simulated changes in RA disease activity using tissue-mimicking finger phantoms.Approach.A TD-DOI system was built, based on a single-pixel camera architecture, and used to image solid phantoms which mimicked a proximal interphalangeal finger joint. For reference,in silicoimages of virtual models of the solid phantoms were also generated using Monte Carlo simulations. Spatiotemporal Fourier components were extracted from both simulated and experimental images, and their ability to distinguish between phantoms representing different RA disease activity was quantified.Main results.Many spatiotemporal Fourier components extracted from TD-DOI images could clearly distinguish between phantoms representing different states of RA disease activity.Significance.A TD-DOI system was built and validated using finger-mimicking solid phantoms. The findings suggest that the system could be used to monitor RA disease activity. This single-pixel TD-DOI system could be used to acquire longitudinal measures of RA disease activity to detect early treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ioussoufovitch
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University and Collaborative Training Program in Musculoskeletal Health Research, Bone & Joint Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada
| | - M Diop
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University and Collaborative Training Program in Musculoskeletal Health Research, Bone & Joint Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada
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Ioussoufovitch S, Diop M. Time-domain diffuse optical imaging technique for monitoring rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: theoretical development and in silico validation. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:125022. [PMID: 38830363 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad539f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective.Effective early treatment-within 3-5 months of disease onset-significantly improves rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prognosis. Nevertheless, 1 in 3 patients experiences treatment failure which takes 3-6 months to detect with current monitoring techniques. The aim of this work is to develop a method for extracting quantitative features from data obtained with time-domain diffuse optical imaging (TD-DOI), and demonstrate their sensitivity to RA disease activity.Approach.80 virtual phantoms of the proximal interphalangeal joint-obtained from a realistic tissue distribution derived from magnetic resonance imaging-were created to simulate RA-induced alterations in 5 physiological parameters. TD-DOI images were generated using Monte Carlo simulations, and Poisson noise was added to each image. Subsequently, each image was convolved with an instrument response function (IRF) to mimic experimental measurements. Various spatiotemporal features were extracted from the images (i.e. statistical moments, temporal Fourier components), corrected for IRF effects, and correlated with the disease index (DI) of each phantom.Main results.Spatiotemporal Fourier components of TD-DOI images were highly correlated with DI despite the confounding effects of noise and the IRF. Moreover, lower temporal frequency components (⩽0.4 GHz) demonstrated greater sensitivity to small changes in disease activity than previously published spatial features extracted from the same images.Significance.Spatiotemporal components of TD-DOI images may be more sensitive to small changes in RA disease activity than previously reported DOI features. TD-DOI may enable earlier detection of RA treatment failure, which would reduce the time needed to identify treatment failure and improve patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ioussoufovitch
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University and Collaborative Training Program in Musculoskeletal Health Research, Bone & Joint Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada
| | - M Diop
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University and Collaborative Training Program in Musculoskeletal Health Research, Bone & Joint Institute, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor St., London, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, 1151 Richmond St., London, Canada
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Kronzer VL, Sparks JA, Raychaudhuri S, Cerhan JR. Low-frequency and rare genetic variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis risk. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:290-300. [PMID: 38538758 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has an estimated heritability of nearly 50%, which is particularly high in seropositive RA. HLA alleles account for a large proportion of this heritability, in addition to many common single-nucleotide polymorphisms with smaller individual effects. Low-frequency and rare variants, such as those captured by next-generation sequencing, can also have a large role in heritability in some individuals. Rare variant discovery has informed the development of drugs such as inhibitors of PCSK9 and Janus kinases. Some 34 low-frequency and rare variants are currently associated with RA risk. One variant (19:10352442G>C in TYK2) was identified in five separate studies, and might therefore represent a promising therapeutic target. Following a set of best practices in future studies, including studying diverse populations, using large sample sizes, validating RA and serostatus, replicating findings, adjusting for other variants and performing functional assessment, could help to ensure the relevance of identified variants. Exciting opportunities are now on the horizon for genetics in RA, including larger datasets and consortia, whole-genome sequencing and direct applications of findings in the management, and especially treatment, of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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O'Neil LJ, Alpízar-Rodríguez D, Deane KD. Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Continuum of Disease and Strategies for Prediction, Early Intervention, and Prevention. J Rheumatol 2024; 51:337-349. [PMID: 38224993 PMCID: PMC10984790 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2023-0334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known to include a pre-RA stage that can be defined as the presence of familial or genetic risk factors, biomarker abnormalities (eg, anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPA]), symptoms, and even abnormal imaging findings prior to the development of the onset of clinical RA with inflammatory arthritis that is apparent on physical examination. Indeed, there are multiple completed or ongoing retrospective case-control as well as prospective observational studies to identify the key biologic drivers of disease. Further, building on the predictive ability of combinations of biomarkers, symptoms, and imaging for future RA, there are multiple clinical trials completed, underway, or in development to identify approaches that may prevent, delay, or ameliorate future clinical RA in at-risk individuals. Importantly, however, although an effective preventive intervention has not yet been identified, at-risk individuals are being increasingly identified in clinical care; this presents a challenge of how to manage these individuals in clinical practice. This review will discuss the current understanding of the biology and natural history of RA development, nomenclature, and current models for prediction of future RA, as well as evaluate the current and ongoing clinical prevention trials with the overall goal to provide insights into the challenges and opportunities in the field of RA prevention. Moreover, this review will provide up-to-date options for clinical management of individuals at risk for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J O'Neil
- L.J. O'Neil, MD, MHSc, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Kevin D Deane
- K.D. Deane, MD, PhD, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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Shirasugi I, Onishi A, Nishimura K, Yamamoto W, Murakami K, Onizawa H, Maeda Y, Ebina K, Son Y, Amuro H, Katayama M, Hara R, Nagai K, Hiramatsu Y, Hashimoto M, Okano T, Maeda T, Hayashi S, Sendo S, Jinno S, Yamamoto Y, Yamada H, Ueda Y, Saegusa J. Association of large joint involvement at the start of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors with disease activity and drug retention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: The ANSWER cohort study. Int J Rheum Dis 2024; 27:e15097. [PMID: 38439176 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.15097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the association of large joint involvement (LJI) with disease activity and drug retention in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who started receiving a biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drug or Janus kinase inhibitor. METHODS Patients with RA from a Japanese multicenter observational registry were enrolled. Our definition of large joints included the shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, and ankle joints. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine changes in the clinical disease activity index (CDAI) score at Week 24 as the primary outcome, and drug retention rates were compared between patients with and without LJI using Cox proportional hazards models. We examined the potential effect modifications of changes in the CDAI by baseline characteristics. RESULTS Overall, 2507 treatment courses from 1721 patients were included (LJI, 1744; no LJI, 763). Although LJI was associated with significantly higher changes in CDAI from baseline at Week 24 (difference in change in CDAI: -5.84 [-6.65 to -5.03], p < .001), CDAI was significantly higher in patients with LJI over time. Retention rates were similar in both groups. The association of LJI with changes in disease activity was more prominent in patients with a short disease duration, negative anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies, and interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor (IL-6Ri) use. CONCLUSION Although LJI was associated with a greater reduction in disease activity from baseline, higher disease activity at baseline was not offset over time in patients with LJI, demonstrating that LJI is an unfavorable predictor. An early treat-to-target strategy using an IL-6Ri may be beneficial for patients with LJI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iku Shirasugi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akira Onishi
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishimura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wataru Yamamoto
- Department of Health Information Management, Kurashiki Sweet Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kosaku Murakami
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy and Immunobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideo Onizawa
- Department of Advanced Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ebina
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yonsu Son
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideki Amuro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Katayama
- Department of Rheumatology, Osaka Red Cross Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Hara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Koji Nagai
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Hiramatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine (IV), Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motomu Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okano
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shinya Hayashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sho Sendo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sadao Jinno
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yuzuru Yamamoto
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yamada
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yo Ueda
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Hagras A, Mohasseb D, Taleb R, Bastawi R, Elnemr R. Clinical significance of anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Hum Antibodies 2024; 32:75-83. [PMID: 38669525 DOI: 10.3233/hab-240007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-mutated citrullinated vimentin (MCV) antibodies have recently been recommended as a better arthritis diagnostic marker. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between anti-MCV antibodies and the clinical, functional, and radiographic characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS This case-control study was conducted on 40 RA patients and 40 healthy subjects. All patients were subjected to an assessment of disease using the 28-joint DAS (DAS28) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), function by HAQ-DI, physical activity by International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), fatigue by Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT), serological tests as well as anti-MCV Abs measurement. A plain X-ray of both hands and wrists was done. RESULTS The anti-MCV Abs level was significantly higher in RA patients than in healthy controls (P< 0.001). The anti-MCV Abs had a significant positive correlation with DAS, CDAI, HAQ, RF, Anti-CCP, and CRP (P= 0.006, 0.013, 0.005, < 0.001, < 0.001and 0.041 respectively) and a significant negative correlation with FACIT (p= 0.007). Positive anti-MCV RA patients had significantly higher erosions, JSN, and a total sharp score. CONCLUSIONS Anti-MCV Abs may contribute to poor physical activity and more fatigue in RA patients beyond their established role in disease activity and erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Hagras
- Department Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dia Mohasseb
- Department Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Raghda Taleb
- Department Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rim Bastawi
- Department Radiodiagnosis and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab Elnemr
- Department Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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van Steenbergen HW, Cope AP, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. Rheumatoid arthritis prevention in arthralgia: fantasy or reality? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:767-777. [PMID: 37814057 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01035-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a 'window of opportunity' in treating a disease assumes the existence of a time frame during which the trajectory of the disease can be effectively and permanently modified. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), optimal timing of this period is presumed to be during the phase before arthritis is clinically apparent and disease is diagnosed. Several proof-of-concept trials of treatment during the 'arthralgia' phase of RA have been completed in the past 4 years, with the underlying notion that temporary treatment at this stage could prevent the development of RA or induce a sustained reduction in the burden of disease. This Review summarizes the results of these trials and reflects on the outcomes in relation to the patients' perspectives. Overall, the majority of symptomatic at-risk individuals could benefit from a fixed period treatment, even if RA does not develop. Various factors must be taken into consideration when translating these findings into clinical practice. More evidence is needed to target the individuals at highest risk, and additional tools are needed to monitor treatment and guide decisions about whether treatment can be discontinued. Without these tools, there is a paradoxical risk of seemingly increasing the incidence of the disease and prolonging disease duration, which is the opposite of what the concept of intervening in the window of opportunity entails.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew P Cope
- Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Inflammation Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Annette H M van der Helm-van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Bugatti S, De Stefano L, Gandolfo S, Ciccia F, Montecucco C. Autoantibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis: still a challenge for the rheumatologist. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2023; 5:e743-e755. [PMID: 38251565 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(23)00242-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Increased research over the past 30 years has greatly improved the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical aspects of autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in improved management and outcomes. In contrast, the subset of rheumatoid arthritis that does not have autoantibodies (such as rheumatoid factor and anti-citrullinated protein autoantibodies) remains less well defined in its pathogenic mechanisms. Autoantibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis continues to pose diagnostic challenges, might respond differently to therapies, and appears to be burdened with different comorbidities and outcomes. The clear separation of rheumatoid arthritis according to serotypes is still a subject of uncertainty and controversy, and studies specifically focused on comparing rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis-like arthritides that do not have autoantibodies remain scarce. The purpose of this Review is to summarise the peculiarities that make autoantibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis different from its autoantibody-positive counterpart, with the aim of generating debate and stimulating further research on this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bugatti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Ludovico De Stefano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Division of Rheumatology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Saviana Gandolfo
- UOSD di Reumatologia, Ospedale San Giovanni Bosco, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento di Medicina di Precisione, Università della Campania L Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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12
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Akkaya Z, Çoruh AG, Ünal S, Hürsoy N, Elhan AH, Şahin G. Lumbrical muscle enhancement on MRI and its association with rheumatoid arthritis. Skeletal Radiol 2023; 52:1975-1985. [PMID: 37129612 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04353-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the significance of lumbrical muscle enhancement (LME) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). MATERIALS AND METHODS Blinded to the diagnoses, contrast-enhanced bilateral hand MRIs of patients with suspected early RA between 2014 and 2019 were reviewed by two observers for the presence and degree (weak/strong) of LME. The presence of other inflammatory findings was also noted. The patients were then stratified into RA (n = 41), control (n = 31), and other arthritides groups(n = 28) based on their final diagnoses in the hospital records within the following 12 months. Categorical variables were compared by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Differences among the groups were evaluated by one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis tests. When the p-value from the Kruskal-Wallis test was statistically significant, multiple comparison test was used to identify group differences. Correlations between LME and flexor tenosynovitis were evaluated by Spearman rank correlation test. The agreement between two observers was assessed by Cohen's Kappa (κ) statistic. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. RESULTS There were 100 patients (88 females) with mean age of 47.2 ± 11.2. There were no significant differences for age or sex between groups (p = 0.17, p = 0.84, respectively). RA patients showed significantly more frequent (p < 0.001) and stronger LME (p = 0.001). There were no correlations between LME and flexor tenosynovitis (p > 0.05). Interrater agreement for the degree of LME on right and left sides was substantial (κ = 0.74, κ = 0.67, respectively). CONCLUSION RA patients demonstrated significantly more frequent and stronger LME with substantial interrater agreement. LME could constitute a subtle radiological clue for early RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra Akkaya
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
| | | | - Sena Ünal
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nur Hürsoy
- Department of Radiology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Atilla Halil Elhan
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülden Şahin
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Burt P, Thurley K. Distribution modeling quantifies collective T H cell decision circuits in chronic inflammation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg7668. [PMID: 37703364 PMCID: PMC10881075 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg7668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses are tightly regulated by a diverse set of interacting immune cell populations. Alongside decision-making processes such as differentiation into specific effector cell types, immune cells initiate proliferation at the beginning of an inflammation, forming two layers of complexity. Here, we developed a general mathematical framework for the data-driven analysis of collective immune cell dynamics. We identified qualitative and quantitative properties of generic network motifs, and we specified differentiation dynamics by analysis of kinetic transcriptome data. Furthermore, we derived a specific, data-driven mathematical model for T helper 1 versus T follicular helper cell-fate decision dynamics in acute and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infections in mice. The model recapitulates important dynamical properties without model fitting and solely by using measured response-time distributions. Model simulations predict different windows of opportunity for perturbation in acute and chronic infection scenarios, with potential implications for optimization of targeted immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Burt
- Systems Biology of Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biophysics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Thurley
- Systems Biology of Inflammation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Biomathematics Division, Institute of Experimental Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Stouten V, Westhovens R, Pazmino S, De Cock D, Van der Elst K, Joly J, Bertrand D, Verschueren P. Response to: 'Correspondence on 'Five-year treat-to-target outcomes after methotrexate induction therapy with or without other csDMARDs and temporary glucocorticoids for rheumatoid arthritis in the CareRA trial'' by Jain and Dhir et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:e163. [PMID: 34193403 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Stouten
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - René Westhovens
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofia Pazmino
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diederik De Cock
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Johan Joly
- Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Delphine Bertrand
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Verschueren
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Albuquerque CP, Reis APMG, Vargas Santos AB, Bértolo MB, Júnior PL, Neubarth Giorgi RD, Radominski SC, Guimarães MFBR, Bonfiglioli KR, L Cunha Sauma MDF, Pereira IA, Brenol CV, Henrique Mota LM, Santos-Neto L, Castelar Pinheiro GR. Do it fast! Early access to specialized care improved long-term outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: data from the REAL multicenter observational study. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:17. [PMID: 37095556 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-023-00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) offers an opportunity for better treatment outcomes. In real-life settings, grasping this opportunity might depend on access to specialized care. We evaluated the effects of early versus late assessment by the rheumatologist on the diagnosis, treatment initiation and long-term outcomes of RA under real-life conditions. METHODS Adults meeting the ACR/EULAR (2010) or ARA (1987) criteria for RA were included. Structured interviews were conducted. The specialized assessment was deemed "early" when the rheumatologist was the first or second physician consulted after symptoms onset, and "late" when performed afterwards. Delays in RA diagnosis and treatment were inquired. Disease activity (DAS28-CRP) and physical function (HAQ-DI) were evaluated. Student's t, Mann-Whitney U, chi-squared and correlation tests, and multiple linear regression were performed. For sensitivity analysis, a propensity score-matched subsample of early- vs. late-assessed participants was derived based on logistic regression. The study received ethical approval; all participants signed informed consent. RESULTS We included 1057 participants (89.4% female, 56.5% white); mean (SD) age: 56.9 (11.5) years; disease duration: 173.1 (114.5) months. Median (IQR) delays from symptoms onset to both RA diagnosis and initial treatment coincided: 12 (6-36) months, with no significant delay between diagnosis and treatment. Most participants (64.6%) first sought a general practitioner. Notwithstanding, 80.7% had the diagnosis established only by the rheumatologist. Only a minority (28.7%) attained early RA treatment (≤ 6 months of symptoms). Diagnostic and treatment delays were strongly correlated (rho 0.816; p < 0.001). The chances of missing early treatment more than doubled when the assessment by the rheumatologist was belated (OR 2.77; 95% CI: 1.93, 3.97). After long disease duration, late-assessed participants still presented lower chances of remission/low disease activity (OR 0.74; 95% CI: 0.55, 0.99), while the early-assessed ones showed better DAS28-CRP and HAQ-DI scores (difference in means [95% CI]: -0.25 [-0.46, -0.04] and - 0.196 [-0.306, -0.087] respectively). The results in the propensity-score matched subsample confirmed those observed in the original (whole) sample. CONCLUSIONS Early diagnosis and treatment initiation in patients with RA was critically dependent on early access to the rheumatologist; late specialized assessment was associated with worse long-term clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleandro Pires Albuquerque
- Rheumatology Service, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Brasília, DF, Brazil.
- Universidade de Brasília / UnB, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, CEP 70910-900, Federal District, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Vargas Santos
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Louzada Júnior
- School of Medicine, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rina Dalva Neubarth Giorgi
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivânio Alves Pereira
- Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Claiton Viegas Brenol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Emery P, Tanaka Y, Bykerk VP, Bingham CO, Huizinga TWJ, Citera G, Huang KHG, Wu C, Connolly SE, Elbez Y, Wong R, Lozenski K, Fleischmann R. The trajectory of clinical responses in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis who achieve sustained remission in response to abatacept: subanalysis of AVERT-2, a randomized phase IIIb study. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:67. [PMID: 37087459 PMCID: PMC10122306 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AVERT-2 (a phase IIIb, two-stage study) evaluated abatacept + methotrexate versus methotrexate alone, in methotrexate-naive, anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive patients with early (≤ 6 months), active RA. This subanalysis investigated whether individual patients who achieved the week 24 Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) remission primary endpoint could sustain remission to 1 year and then maintain it following changes in therapy. METHODS During the 56-week induction period (IP), patients were randomized to weekly subcutaneous abatacept 125 mg + methotrexate or abatacept placebo + methotrexate. Patients completing the IP who achieved SDAI remission (≤ 3.3) at weeks 40 and 52 entered a 48-week de-escalation (DE) period. Patients treated with abatacept + methotrexate were re-randomized to continue weekly abatacept + methotrexate, or de-escalate and then withdraw abatacept (after 24 weeks), or receive abatacept monotherapy. Proportions of patients achieving sustained SDAI and Boolean remission, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using C-reactive protein (DAS28 [CRP]) < 2.6, were assessed. For patients achieving early sustained SDAI remission at weeks 24/40/52, flow between disease activity categories and individual trajectories was evaluated; flow was also evaluated for later remitters (weeks 40/52 but not week 24). RESULTS Among patients treated with abatacept + methotrexate (n/N = 451/752) at IP week 24, 22% achieved SDAI remission, 17% achieved Boolean remission, and 42% achieved DAS28 (CRP) < 2.6; of these, 56%, 58%, and 74%, respectively, sustained a response throughout IP weeks 40/52. Among patients with a sustained response at IP weeks 24/40/52, 82% (14/17) on weekly abatacept + methotrexate, 81% (13/16) on abatacept monotherapy, 63% (12/19) who de-escalated/withdrew abatacept, and 65% (11/17) on abatacept placebo + methotrexate were in SDAI remission at end of the DE period; rates were higher than for later remitters in all arms except abatacept placebo + methotrexate. CONCLUSIONS A high proportion of individual patients achieving clinical endpoints at IP week 24 with abatacept + methotrexate sustained their responses through week 52. Of patients achieving early and sustained SDAI remission through 52 weeks, numerically more maintained remission during the DE period if weekly abatacept treatment continued. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02504268 (ClinicalTrials.gov), registered July 21, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds and Leeds NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK.
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Gustavo Citera
- Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Chun Wu
- Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Roy Fleischmann
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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17
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Sahbudin I, Singh R, De Pablo P, Rankin E, Rhodes B, Justice E, Derrett-Smith E, Amft N, Narayan N, McGrath C, Baskar S, Trickey J, Maybury M, Raza K, Filer A. The value of ultrasound-defined tenosynovitis and synovitis in the prediction of persistent arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:1057-1068. [PMID: 35412605 PMCID: PMC9977123 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The value of US-defined tenosynovitis in predicting the persistence of inflammatory arthritis is not well described. In particular, the predictive utility of US-defined tenosynovitis of larger tendons is yet to be reported. We assessed the value of US-defined tenosynovitis alongside US-defined synovitis and clinical and serological variables in predicting persistent arthritis in an inception cohort of DMARD-naïve patients with early arthritis. METHODS One hundred and fifty DMARD-naïve patients with clinically apparent synovitis of one or more joints and a symptom duration of ≤3 months underwent baseline clinical, laboratory and US (of 19 bilateral joints and 16 bilateral tendon compartments) assessments. Outcomes were classified as persistent or resolving arthritis after 18 months' follow-up. The predictive value of US-defined tenosynovitis for persistent arthritis was compared with those of US-defined synovitis, and clinical and serological variables. RESULTS At 18 months, 99 patients (66%) had developed persistent arthritis and 51 patients (34%) had resolving disease. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that US-detected digit flexor tenosynovitis [odds ratio (OR): 6.6, 95% CI: 2.0 , 22.1, P = 0.002] provided independent predictive data for persistence over and above the presence of US-detected joint synovitis and RF antibodies. In the RF/ACPA-negative subcohort, US-defined digit flexor tenosynovitis remained a significant predictive variable (OR: 4.7, 95% CI: 1.4, 15.8, P = 0.012), even after adjusting for US-defined joint synovitis. CONCLUSION US-defined tenosynovitis provided independent predictive data for the development of persistent arthritis. The predictive role of US-defined digit flexor tenosynovitis should be further assessed; investigators should consider including this tendon site as a candidate variable when designing imaging-based predictive algorithms for persistent inflammatory arthritis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilfita Sahbudin
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham
NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Ruchir Singh
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Paola De Pablo
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Elizabeth Rankin
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin Rhodes
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Elizabeth Justice
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emma Derrett-Smith
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicole Amft
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nehal Narayan
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation
Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catherine McGrath
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Sangeetha Baskar
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Jeanette Trickey
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham
NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Mark Maybury
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham
NHS Foundation Trust
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and
Ageing
- Research into Inflammatory Arthritis Centre, MRC Versus Arthritis Centre
for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS
Trust
| | - Andrew Filer
- Correspondence to: Andrew Filer, Reader in Translational
Rheumatology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, University
Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK. E-mail:
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Leon L, Madrid-Garcia A, Lopez-Viejo P, González-Álvaro I, Novella-Navarro M, Freites Nuñez D, Rosales Z, Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Abasolo L. Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA): clinical issues at early stages of disease. RMD Open 2023; 9:rmdopen-2022-002842. [PMID: 36889800 PMCID: PMC10008455 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most studies on difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA) have focused on established RA. Here, we analyse whether disease activity in the early stages of RA could influence progression to a D2T RA under real-life conditions. Other clinical and treatment-related factors were also analysed. METHODS A longitudinal multicentre study of patients with RA was conducted from 2009 to 2018. Patients were followed up until January 2021. D2T RA was defined based on EULAR criteria (treatment failure, signs suggestive of currently active/progressive disease and management being perceived as problematic by the rheumatologist and/or patient). The main variable was disease activity in the early stages. The covariates were sociodemographic, clinical and treatment-related factors. We ran a multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate risk factors associated with progression to D2T RA. RESULTS The study population comprised 631 patients and 35 (5.87%) developed D2T RA. At the time of diagnosis, the D2T RA group were younger, with a higher disability, 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) score, tender joint count and pain scores. In our final model, DAS28 was not statistically significantly associated with D2T RA. No differences were found between groups for therapy. Disability was independently associated with D2T RA (OR: 1.89; p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of patients newly diagnosed with RA, our results do not allow us to prove the influence of active disease according to DAS28. However, we did find that younger patients and those with elevated initial disability scores are more likely to develop D2T RA regardless of other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Leon
- IdISSC and Rheumatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain .,Health Sciences, Universidad Camilo Jose Cela, Villafranca del Castillo, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Zulema Rosales
- Rheumatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Lydia Abasolo
- IdISSC and Rheumatology, Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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de Albuquerque CP, Reis APMG, Santos ABV, Bértolo MB, Júnior PL, Giorgi RDN, Radominski SC, Resende Guimarães MFB, Bonfiglioli KR, da Cunha Sauma MDFL, Pereira IA, Brenol CV, da Mota LMH, Santos-Neto L, Castelar Pinheiro GR. Decreasing delays in the diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in Brazil: a nationwide multicenter observational study. Adv Rheumatol 2023; 63:3. [PMID: 36747307 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-022-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management delays imply worse outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and, therefore, should be minimized. We evaluated changes in diagnostic and treatment delays regarding RA in the last decades in Brazil. METHODS Adults fulfilling the ACR/EULAR (2010) criteria for RA were assessed. Delays in diagnosis and treatment, and the frequencies of early management initiation within thresholds (windows of opportunity) of 3, 6, and 12 months from symptoms onset were evaluated. The Mann-Kendall trend test, chi-squared tests with Cramer's V effect sizes and analysis of variance were conducted. RESULTS We included 1116 patients: 89.4% female, 56.8% white, mean (SD) age 57.1 (11.5) years. A downward trend was found in diagnostic (tau = - 0.677, p < 0.001) and treatment (tau = - 0.695, p < 0.001) delays from 1990 to 2015. The frequency of early management increased throughout the period, with ascending effect sizes across the 3-, 6-, and 12-month windows (V = 0.120, 0.200 and 0.261, respectively). Despite all improvements, even in recent years (2011-2015) the diagnostic and treatment delays still remained unacceptably high [median (IQR): 8 (4-12) and 11 (5-17) months, respectively], with only 17.2% of the patients treated within the shortest, 3-month window. CONCLUSION The delays in diagnosis and treatment of RA decreased during the last decades in Brazil. Improvements (effect sizes) were greater at eliminating extreme delays (≥ 12 months) than in attaining really short management windows (≤ 3 months). Very early treatment was still an unrealistic goal for most patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleandro Pires de Albuquerque
- Rheumatology Service, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil.
| | | | - Ana Beatriz Vargas Santos
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Louzada Júnior
- School of Medicine, Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rina Dalva Neubarth Giorgi
- Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ivânio Alves Pereira
- Department of Rheumatology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Claiton Viegas Brenol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Licia Maria Henrique da Mota
- Rheumatology Service, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Neto
- Rheumatology Service, Universidade de Brasília (UnB), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
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20
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D'Onofrio B, van der Helm-van Mil A, W J Huizinga T, van Mulligen E. Inducibility or predestination? Queries and concepts around drug-free remission in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:217-225. [PMID: 36511619 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2157814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-free remission (DFR) and its maintenance have been defined as the most desirable outcome for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. DFR is linked to resolution of arthritis-related symptoms and restoration of normal functioning. However, there is currently no consensus if an optimal strategy, upon the initiation of treatment to the proper drugs withdrawal, is enough to induce it, or whether it is a predetermined condition related to patients' intrinsic characteristics. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on two key concepts around DFR. First, we analyze patients' intrinsic factors that may increase the chance of DFR, regardless of therapeutic choices. Second, we discuss on the evidence that it can be induced thanks to adequate, extrinsic disease management. Finally, we provide a glimpse into consequences of drugs discontinuation. EXPERT OPINION The early initiation of DMARD and the subsequent strict monitoring and drug adjustments are of primary importance to allow patients to achieve DFR, irrespective of initial treatment strategy. Once remission is obtained and maintained, it is possible to gradually taper and discontinue drugs with no dramatic consequences on the disease course. Among those who stop medication, ACPA-negative patients more often maintain the remission. Thus, DFR might depend on a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo D'Onofrio
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annette van der Helm-van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elise van Mulligen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Kronzer VL, Lennon RJ, Sparks JA, Myasoedova E, Davis JM, Crowson CS. Association between work physical activity, dietary factors, and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 57:152100. [PMID: 36166875 PMCID: PMC9869704 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the association of physical activity and dietary factors on RA risk. METHODS This case-control study within the Mayo Clinic Biobank matched incident RA cases (two codes plus disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, PPV 95%) to controls 1:3 on age, sex, and recruitment year/location. A baseline questionnaire assessed activity and dietary exposures. Logistic regression models calculated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of RA for each of 45 activity/dietary exposures. RESULTS We identified 212 incident RA cases and 636 controls (mean age 64, 70% female). Active work physical activity was associated with elevated risk of RA (aOR 3.00, 95% CI 1.58-5.69 vs. sedentary); leisure activity was not (aOR 0.96, 95% CI 0.64-1.42 sedentary vs. active). Three or more servings high-fat food and 5+ servings fruits/vegetables daily showed non-significant associations with RA (aOR 1.22, 95% CI 0.74-2.00 vs. 0-1 time; aOR 0.75, 95% CI 0.51-1.11 vs. 0-3 times), especially in sensitivity analyses with at least five years between questionnaire and RA (aOR 1.80, 95% CI 0.69-4.71; aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.27-1.08). Alcohol binging was not associated with RA risk (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.56-2.96). Finally, sensitivity (versus primary) analyses showed a nonsignificant increase in RA risk for most vitamins and supplements. CONCLUSION Active work physical activity and some nutritional profiles (increased high-fat, reduced fruit/vegetable consumption) may be associated with increased risk of RA. Confirmatory studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan J Lennon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Elena Myasoedova
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
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22
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Verstappen M, van der Helm-van Mil AHM. Sustained DMARD-free remission in rheumatoid arthritis - about concepts and moving towards practice. Joint Bone Spine 2022; 89:105418. [PMID: 35636705 PMCID: PMC7615888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2022.105418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sustained DMARD-free remission (SDFR) is the best possible outcome in RA. It is characterized by sustained absence of clinical arthritis, which is accompanied by resolution of symptoms and restoration of normal physical functioning. Therefore it's the best proxy for cure in RA. The mechanisms underlying SDFR-development are yet unidentified. Hypothetically, there are two possible scenarios. The first hypothesis is based on the concept of regaining immune-tolerance, which implies that RA-patients are similar at diagnosis and that disease-processes during the disease-course shift into a favorable direction, resulting in regaining a state in which arthritis is persistently absent. This could imply that SDFR is theoretically achievable for all RA-patients. The alternative hypothesis is that RA-patients who achieve SDFR are intrinsically different from those who cannot. This would imply that DMARD-cessation could be restricted to a subgroup of RA-patients. Since the 1990s, DMARD-discontinuation and SDFR have been increasingly studied as long-term-outcome in RA. In this review, we describe hitherto results of clinical, genetic, serological, histological and imaging studies and looked for arguments for the first or second hypothesis in both auto-antibody-positive and auto-antibody-negative RA. In auto-antibody-negative RA, SDFR is presumably restricted to a subgroup of patients with high serological-markers of inflammation at diagnosis and a rapid and sustained decrease in inflammation after treatment-start. Identifying these RA-patients could be helpful in realizing personalized-medicine. In auto-antibody-positive RA, only few patients achieve SDFR and no definite conclusions can be drawn, but data could suggest that SDFR-patients might be a subgroup with relatively low inflammation from disease-presentation onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Annette H M van der Helm-van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Kayser C, Dutra LA, Dos Reis-Neto ET, Castro CHDM, Fritzler MJ, Andrade LEC. The Role of Autoantibody Testing in Modern Personalized Medicine. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:251-288. [PMID: 35244870 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-021-08918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Personalized medicine (PM) aims individualized approach to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Precision Medicine applies the paradigm of PM by defining groups of individuals with akin characteristics. Often the two terms have been used interchangeably. The quest for PM has been advancing for centuries as traditional nosology classification defines groups of clinical conditions with relatively similar prognoses and treatment options. However, any individual is characterized by a unique set of multiple characteristics and therefore the achievement of PM implies the determination of myriad demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging parameters. The accelerated identification of numerous biological variables associated with diverse health conditions contributes to the fulfillment of one of the pre-requisites for PM. The advent of multiplex analytical platforms contributes to the determination of thousands of biological parameters using minute amounts of serum or other biological matrixes. Finally, big data analysis and machine learning contribute to the processing and integration of the multiplexed data at the individual level, allowing for the personalized definition of susceptibility, diagnosis, prognosis, prevention, and treatment. Autoantibodies are traditional biomarkers for autoimmune diseases and can contribute to PM in many aspects, including identification of individuals at risk, early diagnosis, disease sub-phenotyping, definition of prognosis, and treatment, as well as monitoring disease activity. Herein we address how autoantibodies can promote PM in autoimmune diseases using the examples of systemic lupus erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, systemic sclerosis, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and autoimmune neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Kayser
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Luis Eduardo C Andrade
- Rheumatology Division, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Immunology Division, Fleury Medicine and Health Laboratories, São Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Capelusnik D, Benavent D, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, Poddubnyy D, van Tubergen A, Falzon L, Navarro-Compán V, Ramiro S. Treating spondyloarthritis early: does it matter? Results from a systematic literature review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1398-1409. [PMID: 36099043 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize evidence on the relationship between early treatment (definition based on symptom/disease duration or radiographic damage) and treatment clinical response in patients with SpA. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in studies on SpA patients treated with NSAIDs or b/tsDMARDs addressing the impact of symptom/disease duration or presence of radiographic damage on treatment response assessed by any disease activity outcome. For categorical outcomes, relative risk, relative risk ratio (RRR) and number needed to treat were calculated, and for continuous outcomes, differences in differences, to compare groups stratified based on symptom/disease duration or the presence of radiographic damage. RESULTS From the 8769 articles retrieved, 25 were included and 1 added by hand-search, all in axSpA, most of them with low risk of bias. Twenty-one studies compared groups based on symptom duration (n = 6) or disease duration (n = 15) and 7 studies based on absence/presence of radiographic damage (2 studies used two comparisons). When early axSpA was defined by symptom duration (<5 years) in RCTs, early treatment was associated with better outcomes in patients with nr-axSpA (n = 2, ASAS40 RRR 5.24 (95%CI 1.12-24.41) and 1.52 (0.60-3.87)) but not in r-axSpA (n = 1) [ASAS20 0.96 (0.53-1.73)]. When early axSpA was defined based on disease duration or radiographic damage, no differences were found between groups. CONCLUSION Evidence towards better outcomes in early axSpA is very limited and restricted to nr-axSpA and <5 years symptom duration. When early axSpA is defined based on disease duration or radiographic damage, no differences in response to treatment are found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Capelusnik
- Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, The Netherlands. Department of Rheumatology, Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica (IREP), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Benavent
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Robert Landewé
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
| | - Denis Poddubnyy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectiology and Rheumatology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid van Tubergen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, and School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Louise Falzon
- University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England
| | | | - Sofia Ramiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands. Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, the Netherlands
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25
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Simons G, Ismail N, Sandhu K, Mallen CD, Stack RJ, Pontefract S, Raza K, Falahee M. The potential role of community pharmacy staff in reducing patient delay in consulting with symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative study. BMC Rheumatol 2022; 6:50. [PMID: 35999571 PMCID: PMC9400304 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-022-00280-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis which can cause joint damage and reduced quality of life. Early treatment of RA within 3 months of symptom onset is associated with improved clinical outcomes. However, this window of opportunity is often missed. One important contributing factor is patients with symptoms of RA delaying consulting their general practitioner (GP). Previous research indicates that patients with inflammatory arthritis are likely to visit pharmacies for advice before consulting their GP. Therefore, pharmacists are well positioned to identify patients with symptoms of early inflammatory arthritis and signpost them appropriately. This research examines community pharmacy staff’s knowledge, perceptions, and approaches to management of patients presenting with symptoms of RA in order to identify training needs and other opportunities for intervention to enhance the role of pharmacy staff in the pathway to care. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 community pharmacy staff in the West Midlands (UK), during a 12-month period (2017–2018). The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analysis facilitated by NVivo 12. Results There was considerable variation in knowledge and perceptions of RA and the need for early treatment amongst pharmacists and other pharmacy staff. The potential role of pharmacists and other pharmacy staff in reducing delay in help-seeking was also discussed. Four themes emerged from thematic analysis: (1) Variations in perceptions and knowledge about RA. (2) The role of the pharmacy in increasing public awareness about RA. (3) The role of the pharmacy staff in facilitating access to the GP. (4) Practical considerations for pharmacy-based interventions. Conclusion Variability in knowledge and perceptions of RA amongst pharmacists, and amongst other pharmacy staff will affect effective signposting of suspected RA cases. This study identifies opportunities for enhanced training of community pharmacists and other pharmacy staff in relation to inflammatory arthritis as well as other pharmacy-based interventions, such as public awareness campaigns about RA and other musculoskeletal conditions. Together with existing referral services and other pharmacy-based initiatives this could result in enhanced signposting to GP consultation or other appropriate NHS services for inflammatory symptoms and reduced treatment delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenda Simons
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Nour Ismail
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karanbir Sandhu
- Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Rebecca J Stack
- Institute of Clinical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Pontefract
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medical and Dental Science, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Marie Falahee
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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26
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Contreras-Yáñez I, Guaracha-Basáñez GA, Cuevas-Montoya M, de Jesús Hernández-Bautista J, Pascual-Ramos V. Early persistence on therapy impacts drug-free remission: a case-control study in a cohort of Hispanic patients with recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:193. [PMID: 35962421 PMCID: PMC9373313 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medication adherence is suboptimal in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and impacts outcomes. DMARD-free remission (DFR) is a sustainable and achievable outcome in a minority of RA patients. Different factors have been associated with DFR, although persistence in therapy (PT), a component of the adherence construct, has never been examined. The study’s primary aim was to investigate the impact of PT’s characteristics on DFR in a cohort of Hispanic patients with recent-onset RA. Methods A single data abstractor reviewed the charts from 209 early (symptoms duration ≤ 1 year) RA patients. All the patients had prospective assessments of disease activity and PT and at least 1 year of follow-up, which was required for the DFR definition. DFR was defined when patients achieved ≥ 1 year of continuous Disease Activity Score-28 joints evaluated ≤ 2.6, without DMARDs and corticosteroids. PT was defined based on pre-specified criteria and recorded through an interview from 2004 to 2008 and thereafter through a questionnaire. Cases (patients who achieved ≥ 1 DFR status) were paired with controls (patients who never achieved DFR during their entire follow-up) according to ten relevant variables (1:2). Cox regression analysis estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for DFR according to two characteristics of PT: the % of the patient follow-up PT and early PT (first 2 years of patients’ follow-up). Results In March 2022, the population had 112 (55–181) patient/years follow-up. There were 23 patients (11%) with DFR after 74 months (44–122) of follow-up, and the DFR status was maintained during 48 months (18–82). Early PT was associated with DFR, while the % of the patient follow-up PT was not: HR = 3.84 [1.13–13.07] when the model was adjusted for cumulative N of DMARDs/patient and 3.16 [1.14–8.77] when also adjusted for baseline SF-36 physical component score. A lower N of cumulative DMARDs/patient was also retained in the models. Receiving operating curve to define the best cutoff of patient follow-up being PT to predict DFR was 21 months: sensitivity of 0.739, specificity of 0.717, and area under the curve of 0.682 (0.544–0.821). Conclusions DFR status might be added to the benefits of adhering to prescribed treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-022-02884-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irazú Contreras-Yáñez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador-Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Arturo Guaracha-Basáñez
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador-Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Emergency Medicine Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador-Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Cuevas-Montoya
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador-Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Hernández-Bautista
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador-Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virginia Pascual-Ramos
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador-Zubirán (INCMyN-SZ), Vasco de Quiroga 15, colonia Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
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27
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Lin X, Wang Q, He Z, Huang L, Wen C, Zhou D. Evaluating the Similarity of Different Collagen-Induced Arthritis Models to the Pre-Clinical Phase of RA in Female Rats. Inflammation 2022; 45:1559-1567. [PMID: 35260952 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-022-01641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Since the development of RA is a multistep process, it is critical to take action to prevent RA in the pre-clinical phase. Animal models are currently one of the important methods to study RA, but there are very few animal models for studying the pre-clinical phase of RA (Pre-RA). This study aimed to evaluate the similarity of different collagen-induced arthritis models to Pre-RA in rats. Three types of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were as follows: (i) standard collagen-induced group (Std-CIA), injected with 200 μg type II collagen at day 0 and 100 μg type II collagen at day 7; (ii) single collagen-induced group (Mono-CIA), injected with 200 μg type II collagen at day 0; (iii) half-dose collagen-induced group (Half-CIA), injected with 100 μg type II collagen at day 0 and 50 μg type II collagen at day 7. Arthritis score, hind paw swelling, serum antibodies, and inflammatory cytokines were measured every 7 days. Gut microbiota analyses were performed on days 0, 11, 21, 28, and 35. Pain threshold measurement, digital radiography, and joint pathology were also assessed. Both Std-CIA and Mono-CIA could successfully cause RA symptoms, including joint swelling and bone erosion, Half-CIA induced only mild swelling in rats. Serum autoantibodies (anti-CCP and anti-CoII) showed no difference among the three types of CIA models, and so did the pain threshold at day 42. In addition, the pathological changes of joint tissues in the Mono-CIA group were the slightest among the collagen-immunized groups. Gut microbiota analysis demonstrated that Half-CIA could impose similar effects on upregulating genus Prevotella as Std-CIA, but Mono-CIA was weaker than them in rats. According to the characteristics of pre-RA, the Half-CIA model is the best suitable animal model for pre-RA among three types of CIA models in rats and can be a valuable model for pre-RA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Lin
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhixing He
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Donghai Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310005, China.
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28
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Kedra J, Lafourcade A, Combe B, Dougados M, Hajage D, Fautrel B. Positive impact on 10-year outcome of the window of opportunity for conventional synthetic DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the ESPOIR cohort. RMD Open 2022; 8:e002040. [PMID: 35534053 PMCID: PMC9086647 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the impact of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) on 10-year outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Patients with RA from the ESPOIR cohort with complete data on Disease Activity Score in 28 Joints (DAS28) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) at 10 years (n=418) and complete radiographic data at baseline and 10 years (n=343) were included in this study. Outcomes were favourable outcome (FavOut) at 10 years, defined as DAS28 of <2.6 and HAQ score of <0.5 at 10 years, and absence of structural damage progression (AbsSDP) at 10 years, defined as change in Sharp-van der Heijde Score less than the smallest detectable change at 10 years (11.5 points). Three multivariate logistic regression models predicting 10-year outcome were built, considering (1) baseline variables only, (2) baseline variables and DMARD exposure (ever exposed, yes/no) and (3) baseline variables and DMARD exposure as weighted cumulative exposure (WCE) variables. RESULTS Overall, 196/418 (46.9%) patients showed FavOut and 252/343 (73.5%) AbsSDP. WCE models had the best predictive performance, with area under the curve=0.80 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.87) for FavOut and 0.87 (95% CI 0.83 to 0.92) for AbsSDP. In the WCE model, the odds of FavOut and AbsSDP were reduced with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) initiation at 12 months versus at baseline (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.94, and OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.76 to 0.98, respectively). Early biologics initiation was not significantly associated with either outcome. CONCLUSIONS WCE models can identify and quantify the long-term benefit of early csDMARD initiation on 10-year functional and structural outcomes in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kedra
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), UMR S 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- APHP, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Lafourcade
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), UMR S 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Maxime Dougados
- Hopital Cochin (AP-HP), Rheumatology, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Hajage
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), UMR S 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Centre de Pharmacoépidémiologie (Cephepi), APHP Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Fautrel
- Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), UMR S 1136, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- APHP, Rheumatology Department, Hopital Universitaire Pitie Salpetriere, Paris, France
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29
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van Ouwerkerk L, Palmowski A, Nevins IS, Buttgereit F, Verschueren P, Smolen JS, Landewé RB, Bijlsma JJ, Kerschbaumer A, Westhovens R, Huizinga TW, Allaart CF, Bergstra SA. Systematic literature review of observational cohorts and clinical trials into the success rate of glucocorticoid discontinuation after their use as bridging therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:937-943. [PMID: 35470162 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-222338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the success rate of glucocorticoid (GC) discontinuation during follow-up in observational cohorts and clinical trials using temporary GC as part of initial therapy ('bridging') in newly diagnosed patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted to identify observational cohorts and clinical trials including patients with RA treated with initial GC bridging therapy, defined as discontinuation of GC within 1 year. Patient percentages still using GC were considered the reverse of successful discontinuation. Random effects meta-analyses were performed stratified by time point. RESULTS The scoping literature search for observational cohort studies could not identify studies answering the research question. The literature search for clinical trials identified 7160 abstracts, resulting in 10 included studies, with varying type and dose of GC and varying tapering schedules, of which 4 reported sufficient data on GC discontinuation or use after the bridging phase. The pooled proportion of patients who were still or again using GC was 22% (95% CI 8% to 37%, based on four trials) at 12 months and 10% at 24 months (95% CI -1 to 22, based on two trials). Heterogeneity was substantial (I²≥65%). CONCLUSION The success rate of GC discontinuation after bridging as part of initial treatment of RA has been described in a limited number of studies. Reports on observational cohorts did not answer the research question. In clinical trials, protocolised discontinuation was mostly successful, although 22% of the patients who started GC bridging therapy still or again used GC at 12 months, and 10% at 24 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andriko Palmowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabell S Nevins
- Rheumatology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Buttgereit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charite Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Josef S Smolen
- Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Robert Bm Landewé
- Amsterdam Rheumatology Center, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre Heerlen, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Jw Bijlsma
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - René Westhovens
- Rheumatology, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Wj Huizinga
- Rheumatology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia F Allaart
- Rheumatology, Leiden Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently diagnosed and treated once an individual displays the clinical findings of inflammatory arthritis (IA). However, growing evidence supports that there is a 'pre-RA' stage that can be identified through factors such as autoantibodies in absence of clinically apparent IA. In particular, biomarkers, including antibodies to citrullinated protein antigens (ACPA), demonstrate a high risk for future IA/RA, and multiple clinical trials have been developed to intervene in individuals in pre-RA to prevent or delay clinically apparent disease. Herein, we will discuss in more depth what is currently known about the natural history of RA, and the emerging possibility that early 'diagnosis' of RA-related autoimmunity followed by an intervention can lead to the delay or prevention of the first onset of clinically apparent RA.
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The undifferentiated arthritis dilemma: the story continues. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:189-190. [DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00762-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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32
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Igea A, Carvalheiro T, Malvar‐Fernández B, Martinez‐Ramos S, Rafael‐Vidal C, Niemantsverdriet E, Varadé J, Fernández‐Carrera A, Jimenez N, McGarry T, Rodriguez‐Trillo A, Veale D, Fearon U, Conde C, Pego‐Reigosa JM, González‐Fernández Á, Reedquist KA, Radstake TRDJ, van der Helm‐Van Mil A, García S. Semaphorin3B plays a central role in serum-induced arthritis model and is reduced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:972-983. [PMID: 35001548 PMCID: PMC9322571 DOI: 10.1002/art.42065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Semaphorin 3B (Sema3B) decreases the migratory and invasive capacities of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and suppresses expression of matrix metalloproteinases. We undertook this study to examine the role of Sema3B in a mouse model of arthritis and its expression in RA patients. Methods Clinical responses, histologic features, and FLS function were examined in wild‐type (WT) and Sema3B−/− mice in a K/BxN serum transfer model of arthritis. Protein and messenger RNA expression of Sema3B in mouse joints and murine FLS, as well as in serum and synovial tissue from patients with arthralgia and patients with RA, was determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and RNA sequencing. FLS migration was determined using a wound closure assay. Results The clinical severity of serum‐induced arthritis was significantly higher in Sema3B−/− mice compared to WT mice. This was associated with increased expression of inflammatory mediators and increased migratory capacity of murine FLS. Administration of recombinant mouse Sema3B reduced the clinical severity of serum‐induced arthritis and the expression of inflammatory mediators. Sema3B expression was significantly lower in the synovial tissue and serum of patients with established RA compared to patients with arthralgia. Serum Sema3B levels were elevated in patients with arthralgia that later progressed to RA, but not in those who did not develop RA; however, these levels drastically decreased 1 and 2 years after RA development. Conclusion Sema3B expression plays a protective role in a mouse model of arthritis. In RA patients, expression levels of Sema3B in the serum depend on the disease stage, suggesting different regulatory roles in disease onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Igea
- Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas Marcosende, and Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Servicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | | | - Beatriz Malvar‐Fernández
- University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Galicia Sur Health Research Institute and University Hospital Complex of VigoVigoSpain
| | - Sara Martinez‐Ramos
- Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteServicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de Vigo, and University Hospital Complex of VigoVigoSpain
| | - Carlos Rafael‐Vidal
- Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteServicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de Vigo, and University Hospital Complex of VigoVigoSpain
| | - Ellis Niemantsverdriet
- Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, and Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jezabel Varadé
- Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas Marcosende, and Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Servicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Andrea Fernández‐Carrera
- Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas Marcosende, and Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Servicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | - Norman Jimenez
- Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteServicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de Vigo, and University Hospital Complex of VigoVigoSpain
| | - Trudy McGarry
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, and Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Angela Rodriguez‐Trillo
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio Galego de SaúdeSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Douglas Veale
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and University College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- St. Vincent's University Hospital and University College Dublin, and Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Carmen Conde
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio Galego de SaúdeSantiago de CompostelaSpain
| | - Jose M. Pego‐Reigosa
- Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteServicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de Vigo, and University Hospital Complex of VigoVigoSpain
| | - África González‐Fernández
- Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas Marcosende, and Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Servicio Galego de Saúde Universidade de VigoVigoSpain
| | | | | | | | - Samuel García
- University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Galicia Sur Health Research Institute and University Hospital Complex of VigoVigoSpain
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Kedra J, Davergne T, Braithwaite B, Servy H, Gossec L. Machine learning approaches to improve disease management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: review and future directions. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:1311-1321. [PMID: 34890271 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2022.2017773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has improved in major way over the last decades, this disease still leads to an important burden for patients and society, and there is a need to develop more personalized approaches. Machine learning (ML) methods are more and more used in health-related studies and can be applied to different sorts of data (clinical, radiological, or 'omics' data). Such approaches may improve the management of patients with RA. AREAS COVERED In this paper, we propose a review regarding ML approaches applied to RA. A scoping literature search was performed in PubMed, in September 2021 using the following MeSH terms: 'arthritis, rheumatoid' and 'machine learning'. Based on this search, the usefulness of ML methods for RA diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction of response to treatment and RA outcomes, is discussed. EXPERT OPINION ML methods have the potential to revolutionize RA-related research and improve disease management and patient care. Nevertheless, these models are not yet ready to contribute fully to rheumatologists' daily practice. Indeed, these methods raise technical, methodological, and ethical issues, which should be addressed properly to allow their implementation. Collaboration between data scientists, clinical researchers, and physicians is therefore required to move this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kedra
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France.,Rheumatology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Davergne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laure Gossec
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Paris, France.,Rheumatology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
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Flegar D, Filipović M, Šućur A, Markotić A, Lukač N, Šisl D, Ikić Matijašević M, Jajić Z, Kelava T, Katavić V, Kovačić N, Grčević D. Preventive CCL2/CCR2 Axis Blockade Suppresses Osteoclast Activity in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis by Reducing Homing of CCR2 hi Osteoclast Progenitors to the Affected Bone. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767231. [PMID: 34925336 PMCID: PMC8677701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed characterization of medullary and extramedullary reservoirs of osteoclast progenitors (OCPs) is required to understand the pathophysiology of increased periarticular and systemic bone resorption in arthritis. In this study, we focused on identifying the OCP population specifically induced by arthritis and the role of circulatory OCPs in inflammatory bone loss. In addition, we determined the relevant chemokine axis responsible for their migration, and targeted the attraction signal to reduce bone resorption in murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). OCPs were expanded in periarticular as well as circulatory compartment of arthritic mice, particularly the CCR2hi subset. This subset demonstrated enhanced osteoclastogenic activity in arthritis, whereas its migratory potential was susceptible to CCR2 blockade in vitro. Intravascular compartment of the periarticular area contained increased frequency of OCPs with the ability to home to the arthritic bone, as demonstrated in vivo by intravascular staining and adoptive transfer of splenic LysMcre/Ai9 tdTomato-expressing cells. Simultaneously, CCL2 levels were increased locally and systemically in arthritic mice. Mouse cohorts were treated with the small-molecule inhibitor (SMI) of CCR2 alone or in combination with methotrexate (MTX). Preventive CCR2/CCL2 axis blockade in vivo reduced bone resorption and OCP frequency, whereas combining with MTX treatment also decreased disease clinical score, number of active osteoclasts, and OCP differentiation potential. In conclusion, our study characterized the functional properties of two distinct OCP subsets in CIA, based on their CCR2 expression levels, implying that the CCR2hi circulatory-like subset is specifically induced by arthritis. Signaling through the CCL2/CCR2 axis contributes to OCP homing in the inflamed joints and to their increased osteoclastogenic potential. Therefore, addition of CCL2/CCR2 blockade early in the course of arthritis is a promising approach to reduce bone pathology.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Benzoxazines/pharmacology
- Bone and Bones/drug effects
- Bone and Bones/metabolism
- Bone and Bones/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CCL2/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Male
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/cytology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/metabolism
- Methotrexate/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Osteoclasts/cytology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, CCR2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CCR2/genetics
- Receptors, CCR2/metabolism
- Spiro Compounds/pharmacology
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Flegar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Šućur
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Markotić
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University Clinical Hospital Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Šisl
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Ikić Matijašević
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rheumatology and Pulmology, Sveti Duh University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zrinka Jajić
- Department of Rheumatology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Clinical Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Katavić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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Tascilar K, Hagen M, Kleyer A, Simon D, Reiser M, Hueber AJ, Manger B, Englbrecht M, Finzel S, Tony HP, Schuch F, Kleinert S, Wendler J, Ronneberger M, Figueiredo CP, Cobra JF, Feuchtenberger M, Fleck M, Manger K, Ochs W, Schmitt-Haendle M, Lorenz HM, Nuesslein H, Alten R, Kruger K, Henes J, Schett G, Rech J. Treatment tapering and stopping in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable remission (RETRO): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label, phase 3 trial. THE LANCET. RHEUMATOLOGY 2021; 3:e767-e777. [PMID: 38297524 DOI: 10.1016/s2665-9913(21)00220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to increasing remission rates, the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in sustained remission is of growing interest. The Rheumatoid Arthritis in Ongoing Remission (RETRO) study investigated tapering and withdrawal of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable remission to test whether remission could be retained without the need to take DMARD therapy despite an absence of symptoms. METHODS RETRO was an investigator-initiated, multicentre, prospective, randomised, controlled, open-label, parallel-group phase 3 trial in patients aged at least 18 years with rheumatoid arthritis for at least 12 months before randomisation who were in sustained Disease Activity Score using 28 joints with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) remission (score <2·6 units). Eligible patients were recruited consecutively from 14 German hospitals or rheumatology practices and randomly assigned (1:1:1) without stratification and regardless of baseline treatment, using a sequence that was computer-generated by the study statistician, to continue 100% dose DMARD (continue group), taper to 50% dose DMARD (taper group), or 50% dose DMARD for 6 months before stopping DMARDs (stop group). Neither patients nor investigators were masked to the treatment assignment. Patients were assessed every 3 months and screened for disease activity and relapse. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients in sustained DAS28-ESR remission without relapse at 12 months, analysed using a log-rank test of trend and Cox regression. Analysis by a trained statistician of the primary outcome and safety was done in a modified intention-to-treat population that included participants with non-missing baseline data. This study is completed and closed to new participants and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02779114). FINDINGS Between May 26, 2010, and May 29, 2018, 303 patients were enrolled and allocated to continue (n=100), taper (n=102), or stop DMARDs (n=101). 282 (93%) of 303 patients were analysed (93 [93%] of 100 for continue, 93 [91%] of 102 for taper, and 96 [95%] of 101 for stop). Remission was maintained at 12 months by 81·2% (95% CI 73·3-90·0) in the continue group, 58·6% (49·2-70·0) in the taper group, and 43·3% (34·6-55·5) in the stop group (p=0·0005 with log-rank test for trend). Hazard ratios for relapse were 3·02 (1·69-5·40; p=0.0003) for the taper group and 4·34 (2·48-7·60; p<0.0001)) for the stop group, in comparison with the continue group. The majority of patients who relapsed regained remission after reintroduction of 100% dose DMARDs. Serious adverse events occurred in ten of 93 (11%) patients in the continue group, seven of 93 (8%) patients in taper group, and 13 of 96 (14%) patients in the stop group. None were considered to be related to the intervention. The most frequent type of serious adverse event was injuries or procedural complications (n=9). INTERPRETATION Reducing antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in stable remission is feasible, with maintenance of remission occurring in about half of the patients. Because relapse rates were significantly higher in patients who tapered or stopped antirheumatic drugs than in patients who continued with a 100% dose, such approaches will require tight monitoring of disease activity. However, remission was regained after reintroduction of antirheumatic treatments in most of those who relapsed in this study. These results might help to prevent overtreatment in a substantial number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koray Tascilar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melanie Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arnd Kleyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michaela Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Axel J Hueber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany; Rheumatology Section, Sozialstiftung Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Manger
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Englbrecht
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Finzel
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Tony
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Kleinert
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany; Rheumatology Practice, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | - Camille P Figueiredo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Martin Feuchtenberger
- Rheumatology Practice and Department of Internal Medicine 2, Clinic Burghausen, Burghausen, Germany
| | - Martin Fleck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Asklepios Medical Center Bad Abbach, Bad Abbach, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hanns-Martin Lorenz
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Division of Rheumatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Joerg Henes
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, University of Tubingen, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Juergen Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 and Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum, Erlangen, Germany
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Brevet P, Lattard C, Guillou C, Rottenberg P, Fardellone P, Le-Loët X, Lequerré T, Cosette P, Boyer O, Fréret M, Vittecoq O. Anti-Carbamylated Fibrinogen Antibodies Might Be Associated With a Specific Rheumatoid Phenotype and Include a Subset Recognizing In Vivo Epitopes of Its γ Chain One of Which Is Not Cross Reactive With Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:733511. [PMID: 34691039 PMCID: PMC8529038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.733511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify the targets recognized by anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (anti-CarP) in patients with early Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), to study the cross-reactivity between anti-CarP and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and to evaluate their prognostic value. 331 patients (184 RA and 147 other rheumatisms) from the Very Early Arthritis (VErA) French cohort were analyzed. We performed mass spectrometry analysis of RA sera displaying anti-CarP activity and epitope mapping of the carbamylated fibrinogen γ chain to identify immunodominant peptides. The specificity of these targets was studied using competition assays with the major antigens recognized by ACPA. The prognostic value of anti-carbamylated fibrinogen IgG antibodies (ACa-Fib IgG) was compared to that of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) and anti-CarP using an in-house ELISA. Besides the α chain, the γ chain of fibrinogen, particularly one immunodominant epitope that has a specific reactivity, was identified as a circulating carbamylated target in sera. The prevalence of ACa-Fib was 37% at baseline and 10.9% for anti-CCP-negative RA. In anti-CCP-negative patients, ACa-Fib positivity was associated with a more inflammatory and erosive disease at baseline but not with rapid radiological progression, which remains strongly related to anti-CCP antibodies. Fibrinogen seems to be one of the antigens recognized in vivo by the anti-CarP response, particularly 2 epitopes of the γ chain, one of which is not cross reactive with ACPA. This specificity might be associated with a distinct clinical phenotype since ACa-Fib IgG were shown to be linked to systemic inflammation in very early RA but not to rapid radiological progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Brevet
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology & CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Claire Lattard
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology & CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, Rouen, France
| | - Clément Guillou
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, PISSARO Proteomics Facility & PBS-UMR6270 CNRS, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Rottenberg
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology & CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France
| | | | - Xavier Le-Loët
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology & CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France
| | - Thierry Lequerré
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology & CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Pascal Cosette
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, PISSARO Proteomics Facility & PBS-UMR6270 CNRS, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Boyer
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen, France.,Rouen University Hospital, Department of Immunology, Rouen, France
| | - Manuel Fréret
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology & CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Vittecoq
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of Rheumatology & CIC-CRB1404, Rouen, France.,Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1234, Rouen, France
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Luurssen-Masurel N, van Mulligen E, Weel-Koenders AEAM, Hazes JMW, de Jong PHP. The susceptibility of attaining and maintaining DMARD-free remission in different (rheumatoid) arthritis phenotypes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:keab631. [PMID: 34352094 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare (sustained) DMARD-free remission rates((S)DFR), defined as respectively ≥6 months and >1 year, after 2 and 5 years between three clinical arthritis phenotypes; undifferentiated arthritis(UA), autoantibody-negative(RA-) and positive rheumatoid arthritis(RA+). METHODS All UA(n = 130), RA-(n = 176) and RA + (n = 331) patients from the tREACH trial, a stratified single-blinded trial with a treat-to-target approach, were used. (S)DFR comparisons between phenotypes after 2 and 5 years were performed with Logistic regression. Medication use and early and late flares(DAS ≥ 2.4), respectively defined as < 12 and >12 months after reaching DFR, were also compared. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate potential predictors for (S)DFR. RESULTS Within 2 and 5 years less DFR was seen in RA + (17.2-25.7%), followed by RA-(28.4-42.1%) and UA patients(43.1-58.5%). This also applied for SDFR within 2 and 5 years (respectively 7.6% and 21.4%; 20.5% and 38.1%; and 35.4% and 55.4%). A flare during tapering was seen in 22.7% of patients. Of the patients in DFR 7.5% had an early flare and 3.4% a late flare. Also more treatment intensifications occurred in RA+ compared with RA- and UA. We found that higher baseline DAS, ACPA positivity, BMI and smoking were negatively associated with (S)DFR, while clinical phenotype(reference RA+), short symptom duration(<6 months) and remission within 6 months were positively associated. CONCLUSIONS (Long-term) clinical outcomes differ between undifferentiated arthritis, autoantibody-negative and positive rheumatoid arthritis(RA). These data reconfirm that RA can be subdivided into aforementioned clinical phenotypes and that treatment might be stratified upon these phenotypes, although validation is needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, https://www.isrctn.com/, ISRCTN26791028.
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Luurssen-Masurel N, Weel AEAM, Koc GH, Hazes JMW, de Jong PHP. The number of risk factors for persistent disease determines the clinical course of early arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:3617-3627. [PMID: 33484138 PMCID: PMC8328505 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Management of early arthritis is based upon early recognition of individuals at high risk of developing persistent arthritis. Therefore, this study investigates whether the number of risk factors for persistent disease or treatment determines the clinical course of early arthritis by comparing the chance at (sustained) DMARD-free remission ((S)DFR) after 2 years follow-up. Methods Data from the tREACH trial, a stratified single-blinded multicentre strategy trial with a treat-to-target approach were used. We selected all patients with ≥1 swollen joint who did not fulfil 1987 and/or 2010 criteria for RA. The number of risk factors present; autoantibody-positivity, polyarthritis (>4), erosive disease and elevated acute phase reactants, determined risk group stratification. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed with (S)DFR as dependent variables and baseline disease activity score (DAS), treatment, symptom duration and number of risk factors present as independent variables. Results In total, 130 early arthritis patients were included and respectively 31, 66 and 33 had 0, 1 and ≥2 risk factors present. DFR rates were respectively 74%, 48% and 45% for early arthritis patients with 0, 1 and ≥2 risk factors present. In accordance SDFR rates were 61%, 32% and 30%. In our logistic model (S)DFR was not influenced by the initial treatment strategies when stratified for risk groups. Conclusion The chance at (S)DFR in early arthritis diminishes when more risk factors are present, which is irrespective of the given initial treatment. Our data point out to a stratified management approach in early arthritis based on their risk profile, but validation is needed. Trial registration ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN26791028 (http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN26791028).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A E A M Weel
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Erasmus School of Health Policy & Management, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G H Koc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - J M W Hazes
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P H P de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Curtis JR, Palmer JL, Reed GW, Greenberg J, Pappas DA, Harrold LR, Kremer JM. Real-World Outcomes Associated With Methotrexate, Sulfasalazine, and Hydroxychloroquine Triple Therapy Versus Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor/Methotrexate Combination Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 73:1114-1124. [PMID: 32374918 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though randomized controlled trials have demonstrated relatively comparable clinical outcomes with triple therapy (methotrexate [MTX], sulfasalazine [SSZ], and hydroxychloroquine [HCQ]) compared to combination therapy (tumor necrosis factor inhibitor [TNFi] and MTX), real-world experiences comparing these strategies have not been well studied. METHODS We evaluated the clinical effectiveness and effects of medication discontinuation of triple therapy with MTX/SSZ/HCQ versus combination therapy with TNFi/MTX in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients enrolled in the Corrona RA Drug Safety & Effectiveness Registry. Propensity score matching was used to match patients up to a ratio of 1:3 to adjust for imbalances between treatment groups, with stratification performed according to biologics-naive or biologics-exposed status of study participants. RESULTS Patients eligible for analysis in this study included biologics-naive RA patients (3,926 who received combination therapy with TNFi/MTX and 262 who received triple therapy with MTX/SSZ/HCQ) and biologics-exposed RA patients (3,365 who received combination therapy with TNFi/MTX and 130 patients who received triple therapy with MTX/SSZ/HCQ). Before propensity score matching, numerous factors were imbalanced between the treatment groups, with triple therapy patients generally being older, having a longer disease duration of RA and lower RA disease activity, and more likely having a history of malignancy and other comorbidities. After matching, almost all (93-98%) triple therapy patients could be matched to TNFi/MTX therapy patients, and cohort characteristics were generally well balanced. Discontinuation of medication was greater in triple therapy patients referent to TNFi/MTX therapy patients (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] of 2.17 [95% confidence interval 1.63-2.88] in the biologics-naive group; adjusted HR of 1.51 [95% confidence interval 1.06-2.15] in the biologics-exposed group). At 6 months, the proportion of biologics-naive patients attaining low disease activity was significantly greater in the TNFi/MTX treatment group (49.2% in TNFi/MTX therapy patients versus 33.3% in triple therapy patients), as was the mean change in Clinical Disease Activity Index scores (-9.3 units versus -5.5 [95% confidence interval -1.5, -6.1]). Corresponding results in the biologics-exposed patients numerically favored TNFi/MTX therapy compared to triple therapy but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Few patients receive triple therapy with MTX/SSZ/HCQ in the US. In the present study, drug persistence and clinical effectiveness outcomes were less favorable in triple therapy patients compared to TNFi/MTX therapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - George W Reed
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester
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Rychkov D, Neely J, Oskotsky T, Yu S, Perlmutter N, Nititham J, Carvidi A, Krueger M, Gross A, Criswell LA, Ashouri JF, Sirota M. Cross-Tissue Transcriptomic Analysis Leveraging Machine Learning Approaches Identifies New Biomarkers for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:638066. [PMID: 34177888 PMCID: PMC8223752 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.638066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify biomarkers for diagnosis and disease activity monitoring in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We leveraged publicly available microarray gene expression data in the NCBI GEO database for whole blood (N=1,885) and synovial (N=284) tissues from RA patients and healthy controls. We developed a robust machine learning feature selection pipeline with validation on five independent datasets culminating in 13 genes: TNFAIP6, S100A8, TNFSF10, DRAM1, LY96, QPCT, KYNU, ENTPD1, CLIC1, ATP6V0E1, HSP90AB1, NCL and CIRBP which define the RA score and demonstrate its clinical utility: the score tracks the disease activity DAS28 (p = 7e-9), distinguishes osteoarthritis (OA) from RA (OR 0.57, p = 8e-10) and polyJIA from healthy controls (OR 1.15, p = 2e-4) and monitors treatment effect in RA (p = 2e-4). Finally, the immunoblotting analysis of six proteins on an independent cohort confirmed two proteins, TNFAIP6/TSG6 and HSP90AB1/HSP90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Rychkov
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Neely
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Tomiko Oskotsky
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Steven Yu
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Noah Perlmutter
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joanne Nititham
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alexander Carvidi
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melissa Krueger
- Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andrew Gross
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lindsey A. Criswell
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Institute for Human Genetics (IHG), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Judith F. Ashouri
- Rosalind Russell/Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marina Sirota
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Maassen JM, Dos Santos Sobrín R, Bergstra SA, Goekoop R, Huizinga TWJ, Allaart CF. Glucocorticoid discontinuation in patients with early rheumatoid and undifferentiated arthritis: a post-hoc analysis of the BeSt and IMPROVED studies. Ann Rheum Dis 2021; 80:1124-1129. [PMID: 34049858 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the success rate of glucocorticoid discontinuation and to study which factors are associated with successful discontinuation. METHODS Data from two treat-to-target studies, BeSt (target Disease Activity Score (DAS) ≤2.4) and IMPROVED (target DAS <1.6), were evaluated for all patients initially treated with a tapered high dose of prednisone with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Prednisone was discontinued when DAS ≤2.4 was maintained for 28 weeks in BeSt and as soon as DAS was <1.6 in IMPROVED. Discontinuation was considered successful if the target was maintained at the next visit. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of successful discontinuation. A mixed effects logistic regression model was used to assess whether primary versus secondary discontinuation was as successful. RESULTS In the BeSt study, 40% (47 of 93) of patients flared after primary prednisone discontinuation, and of the other 60% (56 of 93), 38% had to restart later. Of those who restarted (secondary discontinuation), 47% (17 of 35) again flared. In IMPROVED, after primary discontinuation 39% (158 of 400) flared, and of the other 61% (242 of 400), 40% had to restart later. After secondary discontinuation 49% (68 of 139) flared. Only in IMPROVED a secondary attempt was less successful (BeSt OR 0.71, p=0.45; IMPROVED OR 0.60, p=0.01). A lower DAS both at baseline and stop visit and male gender (in IMPROVED) were associated with successful primary discontinuation. CONCLUSION Primary glucocorticoid discontinuation resulted in direct loss of disease control in approximately 40% and secondary in 50% of patients. 'Standard' baseline characteristics seem insufficient to personalise the duration of temporary glucocorticoid bridging, but the DAS at the time of discontinuation might provide guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raquel Dos Santos Sobrín
- Rheumatology, Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Regueiro C, Nuño L, Triguero-Martinez A, Ortiz AM, Villalba A, Bóveda MD, Martínez-Feito A, Conde C, Balsa A, González-Alvaro I, Gonzalez A. Increased disease activity in early arthritis patients with anti-carbamylated protein antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9945. [PMID: 33976334 PMCID: PMC8113595 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has a high impact on disease prognosis. Therefore, we need to select the most appropriate treatment as soon as possible. This goal requires biomarkers of disease severity and prognosis. One such biomarker may be the presence of anti-carbamylated protein antibodies (ACarPA) because it is associated with adverse long term outcomes as radiographic damage and mortality. Here, we have assessed the ACarPA as short-term prognostic biomarkers. The study was conducted in 978 prospective early arthritis (EA) patients that were followed for two years. Our results show the association of ACarPA with increased levels of all the disease activity measures in the first visit after arthritis onset. However, the associations were more significant with the high levels in local measures of inflammation and physician assessment than with the increases in systemic inflammation and patient-reported outcomes. More notably, disease activity was persistently increased in the ACarPA positive patients during the two years of follow-up. These differences were significant even after accounting for the presence of other RA autoantibodies. Therefore, the ACarPA could be considered short-term prognostic biomarkers of increased disease activity in the EA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Regueiro
- Experimental and Observational Rheumatology and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria - Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Laura Nuño
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la Paz (IDIPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Triguero-Martinez
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-lP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Ortiz
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-lP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villalba
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la Paz (IDIPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Bóveda
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria - Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Feito
- Immuno-Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IDIPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Conde
- Experimental and Observational Rheumatology and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria - Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alejandro Balsa
- Rheumatology Department, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario la Paz (IDIPAZ), 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isidoro González-Alvaro
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Princesa (IIS-lP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gonzalez
- Experimental and Observational Rheumatology and Rheumatology Unit, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria - Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago (IDIS), 15706, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Bergstra SA, Van Der Pol JA, Riyazi N, Goekoop-Ruiterman YPM, Kerstens PJSM, Lems W, Huizinga TWJ, Allaart CF. Earlier is better when treating rheumatoid arthritis: but can we detect a window of opportunity? RMD Open 2021; 6:rmdopen-2020-001242. [PMID: 32471854 PMCID: PMC7299505 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The window of opportunity (WOO) hypothesis suggests a limited time frame to stop rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesised that a WOO could either be represented by a hyperbolic (‘curved’) decline in the chance to achieve the outcome sustained drug-free remission (sDFR) over time, after which achieving sDFR is not possible anymore, or by a more gradual linear decline approaching zero chance to achieve sDFR. Methods Patients with RA (symptom duration <2 years) were included from two randomised trials: BehandelStrategieën (BeSt), n=508 and Induction therapy with Methotrexate and Prednisone in Rheumatoid Or Very Early arthritic Disease (IMPROVED), n=479. Cox-regression was performed to assess the shape of the association between symptom duration and sDFR (Disease Activity Score<1.6, no disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs for ≥1 year) for patients starting slow-acting monotherapy (IMPROVED, BeSt) or fast-acting combination therapy (BeSt). Likelihood ratio tests were used to compare the fit of linear and non-linear models in both databases separately. Predictions from the best fitting models were used to assess whether the absolute risk to achieve sDFR approaches zero with increasing symptom duration. Results In BeSt and IMPROVED, 54/226 and 110/421 patients achieved sDFR with fast-acting treatment, and 53/243 (BeSt) with slow-acting treatment. Non-linear models did not fit better than linear models (fast-acting treatment BeSt p=0.743, IMPROVED p=0.337; slow-acting treatment BeSt p=0.609). After slow-acting monotherapy, linear models declined steeper. None of the models approached zero chance to achieve sDFR over time. Conclusions The chance to achieve sDFR decreased gradually over time, and decreased fastest in patients starting slow-acting monotherapy. In both treatment groups, we found no evidence for a WOO within 2 years symptom duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sytske Anne Bergstra
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Joy A Van Der Pol
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Naghmeh Riyazi
- Department of Rheumatology, HAGA Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
| | | | - Pit J S M Kerstens
- Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center
- Reade, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem Lems
- Department of Rheumatology, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Cornelia F Allaart
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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Verstappen M, van Mulligen E, de Jong PHP, van der Helm-Van Mil AHM. DMARD-free remission as novel treatment target in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic literature review of achievability and sustainability. RMD Open 2021; 6:rmdopen-2020-001220. [PMID: 32393523 PMCID: PMC7299506 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although current treatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suggest tapering disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), it is unclear whether DMARD-free remission (DFR) is an achievable and sustainable outcome. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the literature to determine the prevalence and sustainability of DFR and evaluated potential predictors for DFR. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in March 2019 in multiple databases. All clinical trials and observational studies reporting on discontinuation of DMARDs in RA patients in remission were included. Our quality assessment included a general assessment and assessment of the description of DFR. Prevalence of DFR and its sustainability and flares during tapering and after DMARD stop were summarised. Also, potential predictors for achieving DFR were reviewed. Results From 631 articles, 51 were included, comprising 14 clinical trials and 5 observational studies. DFR definition differed, especially for the duration of DMARD-free state. Considering only high- and moderate-quality studies, DFR was achieved in 5.0%–24.3% and sustained DFR (duration>12 months) in 11.6%–19.4% (both relative to the number of patients eligible for tapering). Flares occurred frequently during DMARD tapering (41.8%–75.0%) and in the first year after achieving DFR (10.4%–11.8%), while late flares, >1 year after DMARD-stop, were infrequent (0.3%–3.5%). Many patient characteristics lacked association with DFR. Absence of autoantibodies and shared epitope alleles increased the chance of achieving DFR. Conclusions DFR is achievable in RA and is sustainable in ~10%–20% of patients. DFR can become an important outcome measure for clinical trials and requires consistency in the definition. Considering the high rate of flares in the first year after DMARD stop, a DMARD-free follow-up of >12 months is advisable to evaluate sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verstappen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - E van Mulligen
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P H P de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A H M van der Helm-Van Mil
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Update on the treatment of nonsystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis including treatment-to-target: is (drug-free) inactive disease already possible? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 32:403-413. [PMID: 32657803 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review concerns the outcome for nonsystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with emphasis on treatment-to-target (T2T) and treatment strategies aiming at inactive disease by giving an overview of recent articles. RECENT FINDINGS More efficacious therapies and treatment strategies/T2T with inactive disease as target, have improved the outcome for JIA significantly. Recent studies regarding treatment strategies have shown 47-68% inactive disease after 1 year. Moreover, probability of attaining inactive disease at least once in the first year seems even higher in recent cohort-studies, reaching 80%, although these studies included relatively high numbers of oligoarticular JIA patients. However, 26-76% of patients flare upon therapy withdrawal and prediction of flares is still difficult. SUMMARY Remission can be achieved and sustained in (some) JIA patients, regardless of initial treatment. Cornerstone principles in the management of nonsystemic JIA treatment are early start of DMARD therapy, striving for inactive disease and T2T by close and repeated monitoring of disease activity. T2T and tight control appear to be more important than a specific drug in JIA. Next to inactive disease, it is important that patients/parents are involved in personal targets, like reduction of pain and fatigue. Future studies should focus on predictors (based on imaging-methods or biomarkers) for sustained drug-free remission and flare.
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[Arthralgia with detection of anti-CCP antibodies : Which treatment options exist?]. Z Rheumatol 2021; 80:487-488. [PMID: 33791848 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-021-00992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Berberine Delays Onset of Collagen-Induced Arthritis through T Cell Suppression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073522. [PMID: 33805383 PMCID: PMC8037694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that berberine (BBR), a clinically relevant plant compound, ameliorates clinically apparent collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in vivo. However, to date, there are no studies involving the use of BBR which explore its prophylactic potential in this model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to determine if prophylactic BBR use during the preclinical phase of collagen-induced arthritis would delay arthritic symptom onset, and to characterize the cellular mechanism underlying such an effect. DBA/1J mice were injected with an emulsion of bovine type II collagen (CII) and complete Freund’s adjuvant (day 0) and a booster injection of CII in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant (day 18) to induce arthritis. Mice were then given i.p. injections of 1 mg/kg/day of BBR or PBS (vehicle with 0.01% DMSO) from days 0 to 28, were left untreated (CIA control), or were in a non-arthritic control group (n = 15 per group). Incidence of arthritis in BBR-treated mice was 50%, compared to 90% in both the CIA and PBS controls. Populations of B and T cells from the spleens and draining lymph nodes of mice were examined on day 14 (n = 5 per group) and day 28 (n = 10 per group). BBR-treated mice had significantly reduced populations of CD4+Th and CD4+CXCR5+ Tfh cells, and an increased proportion of Foxp3+ Treg at days 14 and 28, as well as reduced expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD28 and CD154 at both endpoints. The effect seen on T cell populations and co-stimulatory molecule expression in BBR-treated mice was not mirrored in CD19+ B cells. Additionally, BBR-treated mice experienced reduced anti-CII IgG2a and anti-CII total IgG serum concentrations. These results indicate a potential role for BBR as a prophylactic supplement for RA, and that its effect may be mediated specifically through T cell suppression. However, the cellular effector involved raises concern for BBR prophylactic use in the context of vaccine efficacy and other primary adaptive immune responses.
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Chilton F, Bradley E, Mitchell T. 'Lost time'. Patients with early inflammatory/rheumatoid arthritis and their experiences of delays in Primary Care. Musculoskeletal Care 2021; 19:495-503. [PMID: 33720502 DOI: 10.1002/msc.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early referral forms a crucial part in early inflammatory/rheumatoid arthritis (EI/RA) recovery. Delayed decisions to refer can lead to severe incapacity and emotional distress for individuals and family and feelings of lost time. How patients with EI/RA experience early referral decisions in Primary Care is an under explored area and warrants further investigation. AIM To explore how patients newly diagnosed with EI/RA experienced their early contacts with Primary Care as they negotiated their journey through the referral process into secondary care. DESIGN AND SETTING Qualitative face-to-face interviews with newly diagnosed EI/RA patients. METHODS In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to explore patients' experiences of referral from first symptoms to General Practitioner referral. All participants were interviewed within 2 weeks of being diagnosed in Secondary Care. Data analysis was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis. FINDINGS All participants in this study described having experienced struggles with their navigation through Primary Care towards diagnosis and specialist EI/RA services. This struggle comprised five key elements: 'family persuasion', 'lack of continuity in care', 'pushing for referral', 'strained relations' and 'lost time'. CONCLUSION The delays experienced by patients when attempting to reach an early referral decision in Primary Care cause frustration for those presenting with EI/RA, partly because they do not feel heard. There is a significant impact on patients and their families when referral to specialist care is delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Chilton
- Rheumatology Department, Warwick Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Warwick, Warwickshire, UK
| | - Eleanor Bradley
- Division of Health Psychology, College of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, Worcester University, Worcester, Worcestershire, UK
| | - Theresa Mitchell
- Academic Unit Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, Worcester University, Worcester, Worcestershire, UK
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Gwinnutt JM, Hyrich KL, Lunt M, Barton A, Verstappen SMM. Long-term outcomes of patients who rate symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis as 'satisfactory'. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:1853-1861. [PMID: 31729526 PMCID: PMC7382599 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe outcomes of patients with early RA in a patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) at treatment initiation and to identify clusters of symptoms associated with poor outcomes. METHODS Data came from the Rheumatoid Arthritis Medication Study, a UK multicentre cohort study of RA patients starting MTX. The HAQ, DAS28 and other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) were collected at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months. Patients answering yes to the question 'Is your current condition satisfactory, when you take your general functioning and your current pain into consideration?' were defined as PASS; patients answering no were defined as N-PASS. Symptom clusters in the baseline PASS group were identified using K-medians cluster analysis. Outcomes of baseline PASS vs N-PASS patients and each cluster are compared using random effects models. RESULTS Of 1127 patients, 572 (50.8%) reported being in PASS at baseline. Over one year, baseline PASS patients had lower DAS28 (mean difference = -0.71, 95% CI -0.83, -0.59) and HAQ scores (mean difference = -0.48, 95% CI -0.56, -0.41) compared with N-PASS patients. Within the baseline PASS group, we identified six symptom clusters. Clusters characterized by high disease activity and high PROMs, or moderate disease activity and high PROMs, had the worst outcomes compared with the other clusters. CONCLUSION Despite reporting their condition as 'satisfactory', early RA patients with high PROM scores are less likely to respond to therapy. This group may require increased vigilance to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gwinnutt
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
| | - Kimme L Hyrich
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
| | - Mark Lunt
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
| | | | - Anne Barton
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre.,Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre
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Verhoeven MMA, Tekstra J, Jacobs JWG, Bijlsma JWJ, van Laar JM, Pethö-Schramm A, Borm MEA, Lafeber FPJ, Welsing PMJ. Is tocilizumab monotherapy as effective in preventing radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis as its combination with methotrexate? Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 74:889-895. [PMID: 33253497 PMCID: PMC9313860 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of preventing radiographic progression (in its 3 components) of tocilizumab (TCZ) monotherapy with those of TCZ combined with methotrexate (TCZ+MTX), and to evaluate possible effect modifiers. METHODS Randomized trials comparing TCZ-monotherapy with TCZ+MTX combination therapy regarding radiographic progression were analyzed on individual patient (n=820) data level for early as well as established RA patients using mixed-effects models. Outcomes were: not having radiographic progression after 2 years (i.e., preventing radiographic progression), respectively in total Sharp van der Heijde (SvdH) score, in erosion score and in joint space narrowing (JSN) score. Effect modification by baseline joint damage, disease duration and DAS28 was studied. RESULTS Overall, TCZ+MTX was more effective in preventing radiographic progression regarding total SvdH scores compared to TCZ-monotherapy. However, in early RA patients with more joint damage (RR 1.02 vs. 0.91 for the less damage group), or a lower DAS28 (RR 1.04 vs. 0.92) at baseline, this advantage disappeared. In established RA, the advantage of TCZ+MTX over TCZ in preventing radiographic progression disappeared with a longer disease duration at baseline (RR 1.04 vs. 0.83). Results for erosion scores as outcome were in line, but were less clear for JSN. CONCLUSION Combination therapy with TCZ+MTX is more effective in preventing radiographic progression compared to TCZ-monotherapy, but the effectiveness of TCZ-monotherapy may approximate the effectiveness of TCZ+MTX in early RA patients with more joint damage and/or a lower DAS28 at baseline, and in established RA patients with longer disease duration.
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