1
|
Devason AS, Thaiss CA, de la Fuente-Nunez C. Neuromicrobiology Comes of Age: The Multifaceted Interactions between the Microbiome and the Nervous System. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:2957-2965. [PMID: 39102500 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen an explosion in our knowledge about the interactions between gut microbiota, the central nervous system, and the immune system. The gut-brain axis has recently gained much attention due to its role in regulating host physiology. This review explores recent findings concerning potential pathways linking the gut-brain axis to the initiation, pathophysiology, and development of neurological disorders. Our objective of this work is to uncover causative factors and pinpoint particular pathways and therapeutic targets that may facilitate the translation of experimental animal research into practical applications for human patients. We highlight three distinct yet interrelated mechanisms: (1) disruptions of both the intestinal and blood-brain barriers, (2) persistent neuroinflammation, and (3) the role of the vagus nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwarya S Devason
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania United States
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Institute for Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, Pennsylvania United States
| | - Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez
- Machine Biology Group, Departments of Psychiatry and Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Penn Institute for Computational Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Akhlaghi E, Salari E, Mansouri M, Shafiei M, Kalantar-Neyestanaki D, Aghassi H, Fasihi Harandi M. Identification and comparison of intestinal microbial diversity in patients at different stages of hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18912. [PMID: 39143364 PMCID: PMC11324937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a significant focus on the role of the host microbiome in different outcomes of human parasitic diseases, including cystic echinococcosis (CE). This study was conducted to identify the intestinal microbiome of patients with CE at different stages of hydatid cyst compared to healthy individuals. Stool samples from CE patients as well as healthy individuals were collected. The samples were divided into three groups representing various stages of hepatic hydatid cyst: active (CE1 and CE2), transitional (CE3), and inactive (CE4 and CE5). One family member from each group was selected to serve as a control. The gut microbiome of patients with different stages of hydatid cysts was investigated using metagenomic next-generation amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. In this study, we identified 4862 Operational Taxonomic Units from three stages of hydatid cysts in CE patients and healthy individuals with a combined frequency of 2,955,291. The most abundant genera observed in all the subjects were Blautia, Agathobacter, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella. The highest microbial frequency was related to inactive forms of CE, and the lowest frequency was observed in the group with active forms. However, the lowest OTU diversity was found in patients with inactive cysts compared with those with active and transitional cyst stages. The genus Agatobacter had the highest OTU frequency. Pseudomonas, Gemella, and Ligilactobacillus showed significant differences among the patients with different stages of hydatid cysts. Additionally, Anaerostipes and Candidatus showed significantly different reads in CE patients compared to healthy individuals. Our findings indicate that several bacterial genera can play a role in the fate of hydatid cysts in patients at different stages of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Akhlaghi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Salari
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mansouri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shafiei
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Surgery, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Aghassi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Majid Fasihi Harandi
- Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran, Department of Medical Parasitology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ibrahim Z, Khan NA, Siddiqui R, Qaisar R, Marzook H, Soares NC, Elmoselhi AB. Gut matters in microgravity: potential link of gut microbiota and its metabolites to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal well-being. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:66. [PMID: 39123239 PMCID: PMC11316329 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota and its secreted metabolites play a significant role in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health and diseases. The dysregulation of the intestinal microbiota poses a significant threat to cardiovascular and skeletal muscle well-being. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these changes remain unclear. Furthermore, microgravity presents several challenges to cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health compromising muscle strength, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic changes. The purpose of this review is to critically examine the role of gut microbiota metabolites on cardiovascular and skeletal muscle functions and dysfunctions. It also explores the molecular mechanisms that drive microgravity-induced deconditioning in both cardiovascular and skeletal muscle. Key findings in this review highlight that several alterations in gut microbiota and secreted metabolites in microgravity mirror characteristics seen in cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases. Those alterations include increased levels of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, elevated lipopolysaccharide levels (LPS), increased in para-cresol (p-cresol) and secondary metabolites, along with reduction in bile acids and Akkermansia muciniphila bacteria. Highlighting the potential, modulating gut microbiota in microgravity conditions could play a significant role in mitigating cardiovascular and skeletal muscle diseases not only during space flight but also in prolonged bed rest scenarios here on Earth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Ibrahim
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naveed A Khan
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS,, UK
- Microbiota Research Center, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hezlin Marzook
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Center for Applied and Translational Genomics (CATG), Mohammed Bin Rashid university of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, 0000, United Arab Emirates
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Human Genetics, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), Av Padre Cruz, Lisbon, 1649-016, Portugal
| | - Adel B Elmoselhi
- Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, UAE.
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Azoicai A, Lupu A, Alexoae MM, Starcea IM, Mocanu A, Lupu VV, Mitrofan EC, Nedelcu AH, Tepordei RT, Munteanu D, Mitrofan C, Salaru DL, Ioniuc I. Lung microbiome: new insights into bronchiectasis' outcome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1405399. [PMID: 38895737 PMCID: PMC11183332 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1405399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The present treatments for bronchiectasis, which is defined by pathological dilatation of the airways, are confined to symptom relief and minimizing exacerbations. The condition is becoming more common worldwide. Since the disease's pathophysiology is not entirely well understood, developing novel treatments is critically important. The interplay of chronic infection, inflammation, and compromised mucociliary clearance, which results in structural alterations and the emergence of new infection, is most likely responsible for the progression of bronchiectasis. Other than treating bronchiectasis caused by cystic fibrosis, there are no approved treatments. Understanding the involvement of the microbiome in this disease is crucial, the microbiome is defined as the collective genetic material of all bacteria in an environment. In clinical practice, bacteria in the lungs have been studied using cultures; however, in recent years, researchers use next-generation sequencing methods, such as 16S rRNA sequencing. Although the microbiome in bronchiectasis has not been entirely investigated, what is known about it suggests that Haemophilus, Pseudomonas and Streptococcus dominate the lung bacterial ecosystems, they present significant intraindividual stability and interindividual heterogeneity. Pseudomonas and Haemophilus-dominated microbiomes have been linked to more severe diseases and frequent exacerbations, however additional research is required to fully comprehend the role of microbiome in the evolution of bronchiectasis. This review discusses recent findings on the lung microbiota and its association with bronchiectasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Azoicai
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Mihaela Alexoae
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Adriana Mocanu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Alin Horatiu Nedelcu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Razvan Tudor Tepordei
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Munteanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Costica Mitrofan
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| | - Ileana Ioniuc
- Mother and Child Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saadh MJ, Ahmed HM, Alani ZK, Al Zuhairi RAH, Almarhoon ZM, Ahmad H, Ubaid M, Alwan NH. The Role of Gut-derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Multiple Sclerosis. Neuromolecular Med 2024; 26:14. [PMID: 38630350 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-024-08783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic condition affecting the central nervous system (CNS), where the interplay of genetic and environmental factors influences its pathophysiology, triggering immune responses and instigating inflammation. Contemporary research has been notably dedicated to investigating the contributions of gut microbiota and their metabolites in modulating inflammatory reactions within the CNS. Recent recognition of the gut microbiome and dietary patterns as environmental elements impacting MS development emphasizes the potential influence of small, ubiquitous molecules from microbiota, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). These molecules may serve as vital molecular signals or metabolic substances regulating host cellular metabolism in the intricate interplay between microbiota and the host. A current emphasis lies on optimizing the health-promoting attributes of colonic bacteria to mitigate urinary tract issues through dietary management. This review aims to spotlight recent investigations on the impact of SCFAs on immune cells pivotal in MS, the involvement of gut microbiota and SCFAs in MS development, and the considerable influence of probiotics on gastrointestinal disruptions in MS. Comprehending the gut-CNS connection holds promise for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, particularly probiotic-based supplements, for managing MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed J Saadh
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Middle East University, Amman, 11831, Jordan
| | - Hani Moslem Ahmed
- Department of Dental Industry Techniques, Al-Noor University College, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - Zaid Khalid Alani
- College of Health and Medical Technical, Al-Bayan University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hijaz Ahmad
- Section of Mathematics, International Telematic University Uninettuno, Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 39, 00186, Rome, Italy.
- Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Kuwait.
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Mohammed Ubaid
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boem F, Suárez J. Epistemic misalignments in microbiome research. Bioessays 2024; 46:e2300220. [PMID: 38403799 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We argue that microbiome research should be more reflective on the methods that it relies on to build its datasets due to the danger of facing a methodological problem which we call "epistemic misalignment." An epistemic misalignment occurs when the method used to answer specific scientific questions does not track justified answers, due to the material constraints imposed by the very method. For example, relying on 16S rRNA to answer questions about the function of the microbiome generates epistemic misalignments, due to the different temporal scales that 16S rRNA provides information about and the temporal scales that are required to know about the functionality of some microorganisms. We show how some of these exist in contemporary microbiome science and urge microbiome scientists to take some measures to avoid them, as they may question the credibility of the field as a whole.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Boem
- Philosophy Section, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Suárez
- BIOETHICS Research Group - Department of Philosophy, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Winter H, Wagner R, Ehlbeck J, Urich T, Schnabel U. Deep Impact: Shifts of Native Cultivable Microbial Communities on Fresh Lettuce after Treatment with Plasma-Treated Water. Foods 2024; 13:282. [PMID: 38254583 PMCID: PMC10815073 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Foods consumed raw, such as lettuce, can host food-borne human-pathogenic bacteria. In the worst-case, these diseases cause to death. To limit illness and industrial losses, one innovative sanitation method is non-thermal plasma, which offers an extremely efficient reduction of living microbial biomass. Unfortunately, the total viable count (TVC), one of the most common methods for quantifying antimicrobial effects, provides no detailed insights into the composition of the surviving microbial community after treatment. To address this information gap, different special agars were used to investigate the reduction efficiency of plasma-treated water (PTW) on different native cultivable microorganisms. All tested cultivable microbial groups were reduced using PTW. Gram-negative bacteria showed a reduction of 3.81 log10, and Gram-positive bacteria showed a reduction of 3.49 log10. Fungi were reduced by 3.89 log10. These results were further validated using a live/dead assay. MALDI-ToF (matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization time-of-flight)-based determination was used for a diversified overview. The results demonstrated that Gram-negative bacteria were strongly reduced. Interestingly, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi were reduced by nearly equal amounts, but could still recover from PTW treatment. MALDI-ToF mainly identified Pseudomonas spp. and groups of Bacillus on the tested lettuce. These results indicate that the PTW treatment could efficiently achieve a ubiquitous, spectrum-wide reduction of microbial life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hauke Winter
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.W.); (R.W.); (J.E.)
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Robert Wagner
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.W.); (R.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Jörg Ehlbeck
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.W.); (R.W.); (J.E.)
| | - Tim Urich
- Institute of Microbiology, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Uta Schnabel
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (H.W.); (R.W.); (J.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A reappraisal on amyloid cascade hypothesis: the role of chronic infection in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1071-1089. [PMID: 35282779 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2045290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that accounted for the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population. Lately, 'infection hypothesis' has been proposed where the infection of microbes can lead to the pathogenesis of AD. Among different types of microbes, human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), Chlamydia pneumonia, Spirochetes and Candida albicans are frequently detected in the brain of AD patients. Amyloid-beta protein has demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial properties upon encountering these pathogens. It can bind to microglial cells and astrocytes to activate immune response and neuroinflammation. Nevertheless, HIV-1 and HSV-1 can develop into latency whereas Chlamydia pneumonia, Spirochetes and Candida albicans can cause chronic infections. At this stage, the DNA of microbes remains undetectable yet active. This can act as the prolonged pathogenic stimulus that over-triggers the expression of Aβ-related genes, which subsequently lead to overproduction and deposition of Aβ plaque. This review will highlight the pathogenesis of each of the stated microbial infection, their association in AD pathogenesis as well as the effect of chronic infection in AD progression. Potential therapies for AD by modulating the microbiome have also been suggested. This review will aid in understanding the infectious manifestations of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ramanathan K, Padmanabhan G, Gulilat H, Malik T. Salivary microbiome in kidney diseases: A narrative review. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:988-995. [PMID: 37795946 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Many research has been conducted since the microbiota's discovery that have focused on the role it plays in health and disease. Microbiota can be divided into categories like intestinal, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota based on the specific localized areas. To maintain homeostasis and control immunological response, the microbial populations live in symbiosis with the host. On the other hand, dysbiosis of the microbiota can cause diseases including kidney diseases and the deregulation of body functioning. We discuss the current understanding of how various kidney diseases are caused by the salivary microbiome (SM) in this overview. First, we review the studies on the salivary microbiota in diverse clinical situations. The importance of the SM in diabetic kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, membranous nephropathy, and IgA nephropathy is next highlighted. We conclude that the characteristics of the SM of patients with various kidney diseases have revealed the potential of salivary microbial markers as noninvasive tool for the detection of various kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumaresan Ramanathan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | - Henok Gulilat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tabarak Malik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azamfirei L. The Human Microbiome in Intensive Care - A Journey Forward? J Crit Care Med (Targu Mures) 2023; 9:205-207. [PMID: 37969883 PMCID: PMC10644287 DOI: 10.2478/jccm-2023-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Azamfirei
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, Târgu Mureș, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iancu MA, Profir M, Roşu OA, Ionescu RF, Cretoiu SM, Gaspar BS. Revisiting the Intestinal Microbiome and Its Role in Diarrhea and Constipation. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2177. [PMID: 37764021 PMCID: PMC10538221 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota represents a community of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses, and protozoa) that colonize the gut and are responsible for gut mucosal structural integrity and immune and metabolic homeostasis. The relationship between the gut microbiome and human health has been intensively researched in the past years. It is now widely recognized that gut microbial composition is highly responsible for the general health of the host. Among the diseases that have been linked to an altered gut microbial population are diarrheal illnesses and functional constipation. The capacity of probiotics to modulate the gut microbiome population, strengthen the intestinal barrier, and modulate the immune system together with their antioxidant properties have encouraged the research of probiotic therapy in many gastrointestinal afflictions. Dietary and lifestyle changes and the use of probiotics seem to play an important role in easing constipation and effectively alleviating diarrhea by suppressing the germs involved. This review aims to describe how probiotic bacteria and the use of specific strains could interfere and bring benefits as an associated treatment for diarrhea and constipation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Adela Iancu
- Department of Family Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Monica Profir
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Oana Alexandra Roşu
- Department of Oncology, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania; (M.P.); (O.A.R.)
| | - Ruxandra Florentina Ionescu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Cardiology I, “Dr. Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Severus Gaspar
- Surgery Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 014461 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lelonek E, Bouazzi D, Jemec GBE, Szepietowski JC. Skin and Gut Microbiome in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2277. [PMID: 37626773 PMCID: PMC10452269 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic skin disease that significantly impairs the quality of life of affected individuals. The disease is characterized by persistent purulent lesions in specific anatomical areas, and its pathophysiology involves multiple factors, including inflammation, genetics, the microbiome, and environmental components. Recent research suggests a potential role for pathogenic bacteria in HS, highlighting the importance of the communication between the human host and the microbiome in maintaining homeostasis and immune system reactivity. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the gut-skin microbial interactions in HS remain unclear. This systematic review aims to examine the existing literature on the differences in skin and gut microbiome composition between HS patients and healthy controls. The review identifies methodological inconsistencies and calls for further research to elucidate the microbiome's role in HS pathogenesis and to explore new therapeutic interventions. The review highlights the need for advancements in microbiome research methodologies, such as metataxonomics and metagenomics, to improve our understanding of the microbiota's impact on health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Lelonek
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Dorra Bouazzi
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Gregor B. E. Jemec
- Department of Dermatology, Zealand University Hospital, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jacek C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Koerner R, Prescott S, Alman A, Duffy A, Groer M. The Oral Microbiome Throughout Pregnancy: A Scoping Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:200-208. [PMID: 37365703 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral health is associated with systemic health, including adverse pregnancy outcomes. Understanding the oral microbiome during pregnancy may lead to targeted interventions for prevention of adverse outcomes. The purpose of this review is to examine the literature on the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. METHODS We conducted a literature search with four electronic databases for original research conducted between 2012 and 2022 that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally using 16s rRNA sequencing during pregnancy. RESULTS We identified six studies that examined the oral microbiome longitudinally throughout pregnancy, though comparisons of oral niches, oral microbiome measures, and findings between studies were not consistent. Three studies identified alterations in alpha diversity throughout pregnancy and two studies identified increased pathogenic bacteria during pregnancy. Three studies reported no changes in the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy, and one study identified differences in the composition of the microbiome based on socioeconomic status and antibiotic exposure. Two studies examined adverse pregnancy outcomes in association with the oral microbiome, one reporting no associations and one reported difference in community gene composition in those diagnosed with preeclampsia. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS There is limited research on the composition of the oral microbiome throughout pregnancy. There may be alterations in the oral microbiome during pregnancy such as increased relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria. Socioeconomic status, antibiotic use, and education may contribute to differences in the microbiome composition over time. Clinicians should evaluate oral health and educate on the importance of oral health care during the prenatal and perinatal time period.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhao L, Lundy SR, Eko FO, Igietseme JU, Omosun YO. Genital tract microbiome dynamics are associated with time of Chlamydia infection in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9006. [PMID: 37268696 PMCID: PMC10238418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the time of Chlamydia infection was crucial in determining the chlamydial infectivity and pathogenesis. This study aims to determine whether the time of Chlamydia infection affects the genital tract microbiome. This study analyzed mice vaginal, uterine, and ovary/oviduct microbiome with and without Chlamydia infection. The mice were infected with Chlamydia at either 10:00 am (ZT3) or 10:00 pm (ZT15). The results showed that mice infected at ZT3 had higher Chlamydia infectivity than those infected at ZT15. There was more variation in the compositional complexity of the vaginal microbiome (alpha diversity) of mice infected at ZT3 than those mice infected at ZT15 throughout the infection within each treatment group, with both Shannon and Simpson diversity index values decreased over time. The analysis of samples collected four weeks post-infection showed that there were significant taxonomical differences (beta diversity) between different parts of the genital tract-vagina, uterus, and ovary/oviduct-and this difference was associated with the time of infection. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla within the microbiome in all three genital tract regions for all the samples collected during this experiment. Additionally, Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in the uterine microbiome of ZT3 Chlamydia infected mice. The results show that the time of infection is associated with the microbial dynamics in the genital tract. And this association is more robust in the upper genital tract than in the vagina. This result implies that more emphasis should be placed on understanding the changes in the microbial dynamics of the upper genital tract over the course of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhao
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Stephanie R Lundy
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of STD Prevention, NCHHSTP, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Francis O Eko
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joeseph U Igietseme
- Molecular Pathogenesis Laboratory, NCEZID, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yusuf O Omosun
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stupak A, Kwaśniewski W. Evaluating Current Molecular Techniques and Evidence in Assessing Microbiome in Placenta-Related Health and Disorders in Pregnancy. Biomolecules 2023; 13:911. [PMID: 37371491 PMCID: PMC10296270 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is of great interest due to its potential influence on the occurrence and treatment of some human illnesses. It may be regarded as disruptions to the delicate equilibrium that humans ordinarily maintain with their microorganisms or the microbiota in their environment. The focus of this review is on the methodologies and current understanding of the functional microbiome in pregnancy outcomes. We present how novel techniques bring new insights to the contemporary field of maternal-fetal medicine with a critical analysis. The maternal microbiome in late pregnancy has been extensively studied, although data on maternal microbial changes during the first trimester are rare. Research has demonstrated that, in healthy pregnancies, the origin of the placental microbiota is oral (gut) rather than vaginal. Implantation, placental development, and maternal adaptation to pregnancy are complex processes in which fetal and maternal cells interact. Microbiome dysbiosis or microbial metabolites are rising as potential moderators of antenatal illnesses related to the placenta, such as fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, and others, including gestational diabetes and preterm deliveries. However, because of the presence of antimicrobial components, it is likely that the bacteria identified in placental tissue are (fragments of) bacteria that have been destroyed by the placenta's immune cells. Using genomic techniques (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and metaproteomics), it may be possible to predict some properties of a microorganism's genome and the biochemical (epigenetic DNA modification) and physical components of the placenta as its environment. Despite the results described in this review, this subject needs further research on some major and crucial aspects. The phases of an in utero translocation of the maternal gut microbiota to the fetus should be explored. With a predictive knowledge of the impacts of the disturbance on microbial communities that influence human health and the environment, genomics may hold the answer to the development of novel therapies for the health of pregnant women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Stupak
- Department of Obstetrics and Pathology of Pregnancy, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica Str. 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwaśniewski
- Department of Gynecological Oncology and Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Calabrò S, Kankowski S, Cescon M, Gambarotta G, Raimondo S, Haastert-Talini K, Ronchi G. Impact of Gut Microbiota on the Peripheral Nervous System in Physiological, Regenerative and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098061. [PMID: 37175764 PMCID: PMC10179357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been widely demonstrated that the gut microbiota is responsible for essential functions in human health and that its perturbation is implicated in the development and progression of a growing list of diseases. The number of studies evaluating how the gut microbiota interacts with and influences other organs and systems in the body and vice versa is constantly increasing and several 'gut-organ axes' have already been defined. Recently, the view on the link between the gut microbiota (GM) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has become broader by exceeding the fact that the PNS can serve as a systemic carrier of GM-derived metabolites and products to other organs. The PNS as the communication network between the central nervous system and the periphery of the body and internal organs can rather be affected itself by GM perturbation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the impact of gut microbiota on the PNS, with regard to its somatic and autonomic divisions, in physiological, regenerative and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Calabrò
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Center for Systems Neuroscience Hannover (ZSN), Buenteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Regione Gonzole 10, Orbassano, 10043 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Satish S, Abu Y, Gomez D, Kumar Dutta R, Roy S. HIV, opioid use, and alterations to the gut microbiome: elucidating independent and synergistic effects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156862. [PMID: 37168868 PMCID: PMC10164749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiome is essential to immune development, defense against pathogens, and modulation of inflammation. Microbial dysbiosis has been reported in various diseases including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and opioid use disorder (OUD). Notably, people living with HIV (PLWH) have been reported to both have higher rates of OUD and use opioids at higher rates than the general public. Thus, studying gut microbial alterations in people living with HIV and with OUD could elucidate mechanisms pertaining to how these conditions both shape and are shaped by the microbiome. However, to date few studies have investigated how HIV and OUD in combination impact the microbiome. Aim of review Here, we review previous studies outlining interactions between HIV, opioid use, and microbial dysbiosis and describe attempts to treat this dysbiosis with fecal microbial transplantation, probiotics, and dietary changes. Key scientific concepts of review While the limited number of studies prevent overgeneralizations; accumulating data suggest that HIV and opioid use together induce distinct alterations in the gut microbiome. Among the three existing preclinical studies of HIV and opioid use, two studies reported a decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, and one study reported a decrease in Muribaculaceae in the combined HIV and opioid group relative to HIV-alone, opioid-alone, or control groups. These bacteria are known to modulate immune function, decrease colonic inflammation, and maintain gut epithelial barrier integrity in healthy individuals. Accordingly, modulation of the gut microbiome to restore gut homeostasis may be attempted to improve both conditions. While mixed results exist regarding treating dysbiosis with microbial restoration in PLWH or in those with opioid dependency, larger well-defined studies that can improve microbial engraftment in hosts hold much promise and should still be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Satish
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Yaa Abu
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Gomez
- Department of Medical Education, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Rajib Kumar Dutta
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sabita Roy
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Singh NK, Beckett JM, Kalpurath K, Ishaq M, Ahmad T, Eri RD. Synbiotics as Supplemental Therapy for the Alleviation of Chemotherapy-Associated Symptoms in Patients with Solid Tumours. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071759. [PMID: 37049599 PMCID: PMC10096799 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is still the first line of treatment for most cancer patients. Patients receiving chemotherapy are generally prone to infections, which result in complications, such as sepsis, mucositis, colitis, and diarrhoea. Several nutritional approaches have been trialled to counter the chemotherapy-associated side effects in cancer patients, but none have yet been approved for routine clinical use. One of the approaches to reduce or avoid chemotherapy-associated complications is to restore the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota is essential for the healthy functioning of the immune system, metabolism, and the regulation of other molecular responses in the body. Chemotherapy erodes the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract and results in the loss of gut microbiota. One of the ways to restore the gut microbiota is through the use of probiotics. Probiotics are the ‘good’ bacteria that may provide health benefits if consumed in appropriate amounts. Some studies have highlighted that the consumption of probiotics in combination with prebiotics, known as synbiotics, may provide better health benefits when compared to probiotics alone. This review discusses the different nutritional approaches that have been studied in an attempt to combat chemotherapy-associated side effects in cancer patients with a particular focus on the use of pre-, pro- and synbiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj K. Singh
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston 7248, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M. Beckett
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston 7248, Australia
| | - Krishnakumar Kalpurath
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston 7248, Australia
- Mersey Community Hospital, Latrobe 7307, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ishaq
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston 7248, Australia
| | - Tauseef Ahmad
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston 7248, Australia
| | - Rajaraman D. Eri
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Newnham, Launceston 7248, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne 3083, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Quan Y, Zhang KX, Zhang HY. The gut microbiota links disease to human genome evolution. Trends Genet 2023; 39:451-461. [PMID: 36872184 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
A large number of studies have established a causal relationship between the gut microbiota and human disease. In addition, the composition of the microbiota is substantially influenced by the human genome. Modern medical research has confirmed that the pathogenesis of various diseases is closely related to evolutionary events in the human genome. Specific regions of the human genome known as human accelerated regions (HARs) have evolved rapidly over several million years since humans diverged from a common ancestor with chimpanzees, and HARs have been found to be involved in some human-specific diseases. Furthermore, the HAR-regulated gut microbiota has undergone rapid changes during human evolution. We propose that the gut microbiota may serve as an important mediator linking diseases to human genome evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ke-Xin Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Du J, Yang M, Zhang Z, Cao B, Wang Z, Han J. The modulation of gut microbiota by herbal medicine to alleviate diabetic kidney disease - A review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1032208. [PMID: 36452235 PMCID: PMC9702521 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1032208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has been the key concern of the medical community. Herbal medicine has been reported to alleviate intestinal dysbiosis, promote the excretion of toxic metabolites, and reduce the secretion of uremic toxins. However, the current understanding of the modulation of the gut microbiota by herbal medicine to delay the progression of DKD is still insufficient. Consequently, we reviewed the knowledge based on peer-reviewed English-language journals regarding regulating gut microbiota by herbal medicines in DKD. It was found that herbal medicine or their natural extracts may have the following effects: modulating the composition of intestinal flora, particularly Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Bacteroidetes, as well as adjusting the F/B ratio; increasing the production of SCFAs and restoring the intestinal barrier; reducing the concentration of uremic toxins (p-cresol sulfate, indole sulfate, TMAO); inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Du
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Meina Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Baorui Cao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drugs (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Biomedical Sciences College, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bidell MR, Hobbs ALV, Lodise TP. Gut microbiome health and dysbiosis: A clinical primer. Pharmacotherapy 2022; 42:849-857. [PMID: 36168753 PMCID: PMC9827978 DOI: 10.1002/phar.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome has been referred to as the "forgotten organ." Although much about the gut microbiome remains incompletely understood, data on its clinical importance is emerging at rapid speed. Many practicing clinicians may be unaware of the essential role that the microbiome plays in both health and disease. This review aims to improve clinical understanding of the gut microbiome by discussing key terminology and foundational concepts. The role of a healthy microbiome in normal host function is described, as well as the consequences of a disrupted microbiome (i.e., dysbiosis). Management strategies to restore the gut microbiome from a disrupted to a healthy state are also briefly discussed. Lastly, we review emerging areas for therapeutic potential and opportunity to bring determinants of microbiome health from the bench to bedside.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yang YCSH, Chou HC, Liu YR, Chen CM. Uteroplacental Insufficiency Causes Microbiota Disruption and Lung Development Impairment in Growth-Restricted Newborn Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204388. [PMID: 36297072 PMCID: PMC9608653 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with reduced lung development during the neonatal period and infancy. Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI), affecting approximately 10% of human pregnancies, is the most common cause of IUGR. This study investigated the effects of UPI on lung development and the intestinal microbiota and correlations in newborn rats with IUGR, using bilateral uterine artery ligation to induce UPI. Maternal fecal samples were collected on postnatal day 0. On postnatal days 0 and 7, lung and intestinal microbiota samples were collected from the left lung and the lower gastrointestinal tract. The right lung was harvested for histological assessment and Western blot analysis. Results showed that UPI through bilateral uterine artery ligation did not alter the maternal gut microbiota. IUGR impaired lung development and angiogenesis in newborn rats. Moreover, on postnatal day 0, the presence of Acinetobacter and Delftia in the lungs and Acinetobacter and Nevskia in the gastrointestinal tract was negatively correlated with lung development. Bacteroides in the lungs and Rodentibacter and Romboutsia in the gastrointestinal tract were negatively correlated with lung development on day 7. UPI may have regulated lung development and angiogenesis through the modulation of the newborn rats’ intestinal and lung microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ru Liu
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Delgadinho M, Ginete C, Santos B, Fernandes C, Silva C, Miranda A, de Vasconcelos JN, Brito M. How Hydroxyurea Alters the Gut Microbiome: A Longitudinal Study Involving Angolan Children with Sickle Cell Anemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9061. [PMID: 36012325 PMCID: PMC9409137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an inherited hematological disorder and a serious global health problem, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa. Although hydroxyurea (HU) is the leading treatment for patients with SCA, its effects on the gut microbiome have not yet been explored. In this context, the aim of this study was to investigate this association by characterizing the gut microbiome of an Angolan SCA pediatric population before and after 6 months of HU treatment. A total of 66 stool samples were obtained and sequenced for the 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4 regions). Significant associations were observed in alpha and beta-diversity, with higher values of species richness for the children naïve for HU. We also noticed that children after HU had higher proportions of several beneficial bacteria, mostly short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing species, such as Blautia luti, Roseburia inulinivorans, Eubacterium halli, Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, Lactobacillus rogosae, among others. In addition, before HU there was a higher abundance of Clostridium_g24, which includes C. bolteae and C. clostridioforme, both considered pathogenic. This study provides the first evidence of the HU effect on the gut microbiome and unravels several microorganisms that could be considered candidate biomarkers for disease severity and HU efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Delgadinho
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Ginete
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Brígida Santos
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Hospital Geral do Bengo, Bengo 9999, Angola
- Hospital Pediátrico David Bernardino (HPDB), Luanda 3067, Angola
| | - Carolina Fernandes
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carina Silva
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estatística e Aplicações, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Armandina Miranda
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge (INSA), 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Brito
- H&TRC-Health & Technology Research Center, ESTeSL-Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1990-096 Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Angola (CISA), Hospital Geral do Bengo, Bengo 9999, Angola
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reis RM, Carlo HL, dos Santos RL, Sabella FM, Parisotto TM, de Carvalho FG. Possible Relationship Between the Oral and Gut Microbiome, Caries Development, and Obesity in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:887765. [PMID: 35711624 PMCID: PMC9196306 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.887765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought health damage and socioeconomic disruptions, together with lifestyle disorders around the world. Children are one of the most commonly affected, mainly due to social isolation and changes in eating habits and physical activities. This way, the risk of weight gain and obesity is possibly enhanced, as well as poor oral hygiene conditions and early childhood caries (ECC) development during the lockdown. In children under 6 years of age, ECC is defined as carious lesions in one or more primary teeth, with or without cavitation. Importantly, alterations in the oral microbiome caused by changes in children lifestyles have much more than a local impact on oral tissues, interplaying with the gut microbiome and influencing systemic environments. Recent studies have been exploring the oral health conditions, eating habits, and weight gain in the childhood population during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, there is a lack of information concerning the association among oral and gut microbiome, dental caries, and obesity in the COVID-19 era. In this context, this review aimed at analyzing a possible relationship between the oral and gut microbiome, caries, and obesity in children during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranam Moreira Reis
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | - Hugo Lemes Carlo
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Maria Sabella
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thaís Manzano Parisotto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Microbiology, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
- Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Governador Valadares, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Fabíola Galbiatti de Carvalho
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Vita AA, McClure R, Farris Y, Danczak R, Gundersen A, Zwickey H, Bradley R. Associations between Frequency of Culinary Herb Use and Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091981. [PMID: 35565947 PMCID: PMC9099813 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While evidence suggests that culinary herbs have the potential to modulate gut microbiota, much of the current research investigating the interactions between diet and the human gut microbiome either largely excludes culinary herbs or does not assess use in standard culinary settings. As such, the primary objective of this study was to evaluate how the frequency of culinary herb use is related to microbiome diversity and the abundance of certain taxa, measured at the phylum level. In this secondary data analysis of the INCLD Health cohort, we examined survey responses assessing frequency of culinary herb use and microbiome analysis of collected stool samples. We did not observe any associations between frequency of culinary herb use and Shannon Index, a measure of alpha diversity. Regarding the abundance of certain taxa, the frequency of use of polyphenol-rich herbs and herbs with certain quantities of antibacterial compounds was positively associated with Firmicutes abundance, and negatively associated with Proteobacteria abundance. Additionally, the total number of herbs used with high frequency, defined as over three times per week, was also positively associated with Firmicutes abundance, independent of adjustments, and negatively associated with Proteobacteria abundance, after adjusting for dietary factors. Frequency of culinary herb use was not associated with Bacteroidota or Actinobacteria abundance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Adorno Vita
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (A.G.); (H.Z.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ryan McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (R.M.); (Y.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Yuliya Farris
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (R.M.); (Y.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Robert Danczak
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; (R.M.); (Y.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Anders Gundersen
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (A.G.); (H.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Heather Zwickey
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (A.G.); (H.Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, OR 97201, USA; (A.G.); (H.Z.); (R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rentería I, García-Suárez PC, Moncada-Jiménez J, Machado-Parra JP, Antunes BM, Lira FS, Jiménez-Maldonado A. Unhealthy Dieting During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Opinion Regarding the Harmful Effects on Brain Health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:876112. [PMID: 35571935 PMCID: PMC9097874 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.876112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2020, the world has been suffering from a pandemic that has affected thousands of people regardless of socio-economic conditions, forcing the population to adopt different strategies to prevent and control the advance of the disease, one of which is social distancing. Even though social distancing is a safe strategy to reduce the spread of COVID-19, it is also the cause of a rising sedentary behavior. This behavior develops an excess of fat tissue that leads to metabolic and inflammatory disruption related to chronic diseases and mental health disorders, such as anxiety, depression, and sleep issues. Furthermore, the adoption of dietary patterns involving the consumption of ultra-processed foods, higher in fats and sugars, and the reduction of fresh and healthy foods may play a role in the progress of the disease. In this perspective, we will discuss how an unhealthy diet can affect brain function and, consequently, be a risk factor for mental health diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rentería
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
| | - Patricia Concepción García-Suárez
- Facultad de Deportes, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada, Mexico
- Department of Health, Sports and Exercise Sciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - José Moncada-Jiménez
- Human Movement Sciences Research Center (CIMOHU), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | | | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Paulista State University, UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alabdaljabar MS, Aslam HM, Veeraballi S, Faizee FA, Husain BH, Iqbal SM, Hashmi SK. Restoration of the Original Inhabitants: A Systematic Review on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e23873. [PMID: 35530905 PMCID: PMC9076056 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A compelling intervention to maintain healthy gut microbiota in graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) is fecal microbial transplantation (FMT). To examine its role in GVHD, we conducted a systemic literature search using multiple electronic databases. Upon pooling of data, 79 patients from six studies and five case reports were included. Complete remission (CR) occurred in 55.9% of patients, and partial remission (PR) occurred in 26.5% of patients (82.4% overall response rate). A limited number of patients had treatment-related mortality (TRM), while few showed mild gastrointestinal (GI)-related and non-GI adverse effects. None of the studies directly examined the role of FMT in the prevention of GVHD. In conclusion, FMT seems to be a safe and effective strategy for the management of GVHD based on the current evidence. Due to the small number of patients evaluated and the absence of randomized data, one cannot portray FMT as a standard of care yet; however, the low toxicity along with the clinical improvement justifies this modality to be tested in a randomized fashion.
Collapse
|
28
|
Kawalec A, Zwolińska D. Emerging Role of Microbiome in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:870. [PMID: 35055056 PMCID: PMC8775962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome of the urinary tract plays a significant role in maintaining health through the impact on bladder homeostasis. Urobiome is of great importance in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Dysbiosis in this area has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs, nephrolithiasis, and dysfunction of the lower urinary tract. However, the number of studies in the pediatric population is limited, thus the characteristic of the urobiome in children, its role in a child's health, and pediatric urologic diseases are not completely understood. This review aims to characterize the healthy urobiome in children, the role of dysbiosis in urinary tract infection, and to summarize the strategies to modification and reshape disease-prone microbiomes in pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kawalec
- Clinic of Pediatric Nephrology, University Hospital, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Zwolińska
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jeong MJ, Jeon S, Yu HS, Cho WS, Lee S, Kang D, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kim SY. Exposure to Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Induces Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Responses in Rat Lungs and Perturbs the Lung Microbiome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:522. [PMID: 35010784 PMCID: PMC8744909 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) are highly redox active nanoparticles. They can cause acute and chronic inflammation in rat lungs. Unlike the gut microbiome, the association between the lung microbiome's role and pulmonary inflammatory response to inhaled nanoparticles remains largely unexplored. We aimed to explore the interaction between the lung microbiome and inflammatory responses in rats exposed to NiO NPs. Thirty female Wistar rats were randomly categorized into control and low- (50 cm2/rat), and high- (150 cm2/rat) dose NiO NPs exposure groups. NiO NPs were intratracheally instilled, and cytological, biochemical, proinflammatory cytokine, and lung microbiome analyses of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were performed at 1 day and 4 weeks after instillation. NiO NPs caused a neutrophilic and lymphocytic inflammatory response in rat lung. We demonstrated that exposure to NiO NPs can alter the lung microbial composition in rats. In particular, we found that more Burkholderiales are present in the NiO NPs exposure groups than in the control group at 1 day after instillation. Dysbiosis in the lung microbiome is thought to be associated with acute lung inflammation. We also suggested that Burkholderiales may be a key biomarker associated with lung neutrophilic inflammation after NiO NPs exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Jin Jeong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (M.-J.J.); (H.-S.Y.)
| | - Soyeon Jeon
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (S.J.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Hak-Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (M.-J.J.); (H.-S.Y.)
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Wan-Seob Cho
- Lab of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (S.J.); (W.-S.C.)
| | - Seungho Lee
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (S.L.); (D.K.); (Y.K.)
- Environmental Health Center of Asbestos, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Dongmug Kang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (S.L.); (D.K.); (Y.K.)
- Environmental Health Center of Asbestos, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Preventive and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Youngki Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (S.L.); (D.K.); (Y.K.)
- Environmental Health Center of Asbestos, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Preventive and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yoon-Ji Kim
- Environmental Health Center of Asbestos, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Department of Preventive and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Se-Yeong Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (S.L.); (D.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Preventive and Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Medical College, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Murugesan S, Elanbari M, Bangarusamy DK, Terranegra A, Al Khodor S. Can the Salivary Microbiome Predict Cardiovascular Diseases? Lessons Learned From the Qatari Population. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:772736. [PMID: 34956135 PMCID: PMC8703018 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.772736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Many studies have linked dysbiosis of the gut microbiome to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). However, studies assessing the association between the salivary microbiome and CVD risk on a large cohort remain sparse. This study aims to identify whether a predictive salivary microbiome signature is associated with a high risk of developing CVD in the Qatari population. Methods: Saliva samples from 2,974 Qatar Genome Project (QGP) participants were collected from Qatar Biobank (QBB). Based on the CVD score, subjects were classified into low-risk (LR < 10) (n = 2491), moderate-risk (MR = 10-20) (n = 320) and high-risk (HR > 30) (n = 163). To assess the salivary microbiome (SM) composition, 16S-rDNA libraries were sequenced and analyzed using QIIME-pipeline. Machine Learning (ML) strategies were used to identify SM-based predictors of CVD risk. Results: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the predominant phyla among all the subjects included. Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis revealed that Clostridiaceae and Capnocytophaga were the most significantly abundant genera in the LR group, while Lactobacillus and Rothia were significantly abundant in the HR group. ML based prediction models revealed that Desulfobulbus, Prevotella, and Tissierellaceae were the common predictors of increased risk to CVD. Conclusion: This study identified significant differences in the SM composition in HR and LR CVD subjects. This is the first study to apply ML-based prediction modeling using the SM to predict CVD in an Arab population. More studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of how those microbes contribute to CVD.
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
The microbiome plays a significant role in human health, homeostasis, immune system, and disease pathogenesis. Disrupted communication between the microbiome and host has been extensively studied in gastrointestinal diseases. To a lesser extent, there is emerging research on the skin microbiome and its connection with the gut, referred to as the gut-skin axis and its effects on dermatologic conditions. A basic overview will be provided of the gut and skin microbiome with a focus on the impact of this connection on cutaneous diseases, such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rosacea, acne vulgaris, photoaging, and cutaneous wounds. In addition, we shall discuss nutrition-based approaches mediated through the gut-skin axis and topical treatments that could serve as potential adjunctive management by manipulation of the microbiome. In particular, there is a growing body of research on oral probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary modifications that may help improve symptoms for a variety of dermatologic conditions in select demographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sinha
- Frank H. Netter M.D. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gloria Lin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katalin Ferenczi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Apps JR. Research in practice: fitting it together. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2021; 106:314-316. [PMID: 32321737 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John R Apps
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sabella FM, de Feiria SNB, Ribeiro ADA, Theodoro LH, Höfling JF, Parisotto TM, Duque C. Exploring the Interplay Between Oral Diseases, Microbiome, and Chronic Diseases Driven by Metabolic Dysfunction in Childhood. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.718441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral childhood diseases, such as caries and gingivitis, have much more than a local impact on the dentition and tooth surrounding tissues, which can affect systemic conditions. While the mouth is frequently exposed to microbial stressors that can contribute to an inflammatory state in the entire body, chronic disorders can also interfere with oral health. Sharing common risk factors, a dynamic interplay can be driven between 1. dental caries, gingivitis, and type I diabetes mellitus, 2. early childhood caries and obesity, and 3. caries and cardiovascular diseases. Considering that there are ~2.2 billion children worldwide and that childhood provides unique opportunities for intervention targeting future health promotion, this review is of prime importance and aimed to explore the relationship between the oral microbiome and oral chronic diseases driven by metabolic dysfunction in childhood.
Collapse
|
34
|
Kimono DA. Gastrointestinal problems, mechanisms and possible therapeutic directions in Gulf war illness: a mini review. Mil Med Res 2021; 8:50. [PMID: 34503577 PMCID: PMC8431926 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-021-00341-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
By its nature, Gulf war illness (GWI) is multisymptomatic and affects several organ systems in the body. Along with other symptoms, veterans who suffer from GWI commonly report chronic gastrointestinal issues such as constipation, pain, indigestion, etc. However, until recently, most attention has been focused on neurological disturbances such as cognitive impairments, chronic fatigue, and chronic pain among affected veterans. With such high prevalence of gastrointestinal problems among Gulf war (GW) veterans, it is surprising that there is little research to investigate the mechanisms behind these issues. This review summarizes all the available works on the mechanisms behind gastrointestinal problems in GWI that have been published to date in various databases. Generally, these studies, which were done in rodent models, in vitro and human cohorts propose that an altered microbiome, a reactive enteric nervous system or a leaky gut among other possible mechanisms are the major drivers of gastrointestinal problems reported in GWI. This review aims to draw attention to the gastrointestinal tract as an important player in GWI disease pathology and a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang H, Serwah Boateng NA, Ngolong Ngea GL, Shi Y, Lin H, Yang Q, Wang K, Zhang X, Zhao L, Droby S. Unravelling the fruit microbiome: The key for developing effective biological control strategies for postharvest diseases. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4906-4930. [PMID: 34190408 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fruit-based diets are recognized for their benefits to human health. The safety of fruit is a global concern for scientists. Fruit microbiome represents the whole microorganisms that are associated with a fruit. These microbes are either found on the surfaces (epiphytes) or in the tissues of the fruit (endophytes). The recent knowledge gained from these microbial communities is considered relevant to the field of biological control in prevention of postharvest fruit pathology. In this study, the importance of the microbiome of certain fruits and how it holds promise for solving the problems inherent in biocontrol and postharvest crop protection are summarized. Research needs on the fruit microbiome are highlighted. Data from DNA sequencing and "meta-omics" technologies very recently applied to the study of microbial communities of fruits in the postharvest context are also discussed. Various fruit parameters, management practices, and environmental conditions are the main determinants of the microbiome. Microbial communities can be classified according to their structure and function in fruit tissues. A critical mechanism of microbial biological control agents is to reshape and interact with the microbiome of the fruit. The ability to control the microbiome of any fruit is a great potential in postharvest management of fruits. Research on the fruit microbiome offers important opportunities to develop postharvest biocontrol strategies and products, as well as the health profile of the fruit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyin Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - Guillaume Legrand Ngolong Ngea
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Fisheries Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Yu Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiya Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Samir Droby
- Department of Postharvest Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Dao VH, Hoang LB, Trinh TO, Tran TTT, Dao VL. Psychobiotics for Patients with Chronic Gastrointestinal Disorders Having Anxiety or Depression Symptoms. J Multidiscip Healthc 2021; 14:1395-1402. [PMID: 34140777 PMCID: PMC8203266 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s312316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Using psychobiotics to modify the gut microbiome has been shown to improve the anxiety and depression situation of patients with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. This study evaluated changes in depression, anxiety, GI symptomss and side effects when patients used a multispecies probiotics product. PATIENTS AND METHODS A single-center uncontrolled trial was conducted in patients with chronic GI symptoms, anxiety and depression who used a multispecies probiotics product. The patients were screened for anxiety and depression symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Those who had a component score of 8 or higher were given the multispecies probiotics product for 2 months and followed up after 1 and 2 months. All data are collected and managed in a case report form. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were enrolled, with a mean age (SD) of 43.9 (12.3) years; 73.5% of the patients were female. Of these patients, 8 met the Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. The HADS scores displayed significant improvement at follow-up. The mean (SD) total HADS scores were 20.0 (6.3), 7.2 (5.4), and 4.9 (5.1) at baseline, 1 month, and 2 months, respectively. Quality of life also improved significantly. A small proportion (<5%) of patients developed mild symptoms, including fullness, diarrhea, and sleep complaints. CONCLUSION After 2 months using the probiotic product, the symptoms of anxiety and depression improved significantly. Mild gastrointestinal or constitutional symptoms developed in some patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viet Hang Dao
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research and Training Management Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Bao Hoang
- Research and Training Management Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Oanh Trinh
- Research and Training Management Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Thu Trang Tran
- Research and Training Management Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Long Dao
- Internal Medicine Faculty, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Research and Training Management Unit, Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lo YC, Chen KY, Chou HC, Lin IH, Chen CM. Neonatal hyperoxia induces gut dysbiosis and behavioral changes in adolescent mice. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:290-298. [PMID: 33496514 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplemental oxygen is often required to treat preterm infants with respiratory disorders. Experimental studies have demonstrated that hyperoxia results in the disruption of intestinal and neuronal plasticity and myelination of the brain. The association between the neonatal hyperoxia and changes of phenotypes in gut microbiota and in behaviors is not clear to date. METHODS We designed an animal experiment that C57BL/6 mice pups were reared in either room air (RA) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal days 1 to 7. From postnatal days 8 to 42, the mice were reared in RA. Intestinal microbiota was sampled from the lower gastrointestinal tract on postnatal days 7 and 42, and behavioral tests were performed and brain tissues were collected on postnatal day 42. RESULTS Neonatal hyperoxia decreased intestinal tight junction protein expression and altered intestinal bacterial composition and diversity on postnatal day 7. Among the concrete discriminative features, Proteobacteria and Epsilonbacteraeota were significantly elevated in hyperoxia-reared mice on postnatal days 7 and 42, respectively. Hyperoxia-reared mice exhibited significantly reduced sociability and interest in social novelty and impaired motor coordination compared with RA-reared mice on postnatal day 42. Hyperoxia-reared mice also exhibited significantly reduced myelination and a significantly higher number of apoptotic cells in the brain compared with RA-reared mice on postnatal day 42. CONCLUSION Neonatal hyperoxia during the first week of life altered gut microbiota and reduced brain myelination that might associate with the deficits of social interaction and motor coordination in adolescent mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Lo
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Chu Chou
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ming Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ahlawat S, Kumar P, Mohan H, Goyal S, Sharma KK. Inflammatory bowel disease: tri-directional relationship between microbiota, immune system and intestinal epithelium. Crit Rev Microbiol 2021; 47:254-273. [PMID: 33576711 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2021.1876631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota contributes to host nutrition and metabolism, sustains intestinal cell proliferation and differentiation, and modulates host immune system. The alterations in their composition lead to severe gut disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or inflammatory bowel syndrome (IBS). IBD including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are gamut of chronic inflammatory disorders of gut, mediated by complex interrelations among genetic, environmental, and internal factors. IBD has debateable aetiology, however in recent years, exploring the central role of a tri-directional relationship between gut microbiota, mucosal immune system, and intestinal epithelium in pathogenesis is getting the most attention. Increasing incidences and early onset explains the exponential rise in IBD burden on health-care systems. Industrialization, hypersensitivity to allergens, lifestyle, hygiene hypothesis, loss of intestinal worms, and gut microbial composition, explains this shifted rise. Hitherto, the interventions modulating gut microbiota composition, microfluidics-based in vitro gastrointestinal models, non-allergic functional foods, nutraceuticals, and faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy donors are some of the futuristic approaches for the disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Ahlawat
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Sandeep Goyal
- Department of Medicine, Pt. BD Sharma Post-graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Oriano M, Zorzetto L, Guagliano G, Bertoglio F, van Uden S, Visai L, Petrini P. The Open Challenge of in vitro Modeling Complex and Multi-Microbial Communities in Three-Dimensional Niches. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:539319. [PMID: 33195112 PMCID: PMC7606986 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.539319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehension of the underlying mechanisms of the interactions within microbial communities represents a major challenge to be faced to control their outcome. Joint efforts of in vitro, in vivo and ecological models are crucial to controlling human health, including chronic infections. In a broader perspective, considering that polymicrobial communities are ubiquitous in nature, the understanding of these mechanisms is the groundwork to control and modulate bacterial response to any environmental condition. The reduction of the complex nature of communities of microorganisms to a single bacterial strain could not suffice to recapitulate the in vivo situation observed in mammals. Furthermore, some bacteria can adapt to various physiological or arduous environments embedding themselves in three-dimensional matrices, secluding from the external environment. Considering the increasing awareness that dynamic complex and dynamic population of microorganisms (microbiota), inhabiting different apparatuses, regulate different health states and protect against pathogen infections in a fragile and dynamic equilibrium, we underline the need to produce models to mimic the three-dimensional niches in which bacteria, and microorganisms in general, self-organize within a microbial consortium, strive and compete. This review mainly focuses, as a case study, to lung pathology-related dysbiosis and life-threatening diseases such as cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis, where the co-presence of different bacteria and the altered 3D-environment, can be considered as worst-cases for chronic polymicrobial infections. We illustrate the state-of-art strategies used to study biofilms and bacterial niches in chronic infections, and multispecies ecological competition. Although far from the rendering of the 3D-environments and the polymicrobial nature of the infections, they represent the starting point to face their complexity. The increase of knowledge respect to the above aspects could positively affect the actual healthcare scenario. Indeed, infections are becoming a serious threat, due to the increasing bacterial resistance and the slow release of novel antibiotics on the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Oriano
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department, Respiratory Unit and Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Zorzetto
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” and UdR INSTM Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Bertoglio
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatic, Department of Biotechnology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sebastião van Uden
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” and UdR INSTM Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicology and Environmental Risks, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta” and UdR INSTM Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Sikakana P, Roberts RA. A decade of toxicological trends: what the papers say. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2020; 9:676-682. [PMID: 33178428 PMCID: PMC7640932 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we look at popular trends and concepts in toxicology over the decade 2009-2019. The top 10 concepts included methodological approaches such as zebrafish and genomics as well as broader concepts such as personalized medicine and adverse outcome pathways. The total number and rank order for each of the top 10 were tracked year by year via PubMed with >9500 papers contributing to the analysis. The data revealed a slow upward trend in the number of papers across all the concepts from 260 in 2009 to >1700 in 2019. Zebrafish, genomics and personalized medicine remained in the top four slots since 2009 with zebrafish dominating the rankings over the entire decade. Genomics was a strong second until 2013 when it was displaced first by the microbiome in 2014 and secondly by personalized medicine in 2015. Other notable trends were the ascendancy of the microbiome and adverse outcome pathways and the descendancy of hormesis and the 3Rs (replacement, reduction and refinement of animals in testing). The observation that the top four slots have been static over the past 4 years suggests that new ideas are introduced and increase in popularity until they find their place in scientific culture. This may suggest that relatively new concepts such as artificial intelligence and microphysiological systems have yet to find their steady state in the rankings. Similarly, as a relatively new player in toxicology, the full impact of the human microbiome on drug efficacy and safety remains to be seen.
Collapse
|
41
|
Celiker C, Kalkan R. Genetic and epigenetic perspective of microbiota. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:8221-8229. [PMID: 32857199 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has an extremely important role within the body and it is necessary for the regulation of the metabolism of the host and also for the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Here, we show several different factors leading to obesity such as epigenetic changes and how they result in differences to occur in the gut microbiota, along with gut dysbiosis which is caused by disturbances in the microbiota homeostasis. Several studies have been explained in this paper, providing evidence in how these findings can actually decrease the susceptibility of obesity, whether it be by changing an individual's diet pattern or observing the epigenetic changes which are taking place. KEY POINTS: • The microbiota depends on an individual's diet, lifestyle, environment, genetics and epigenetic profile. • Changes of the gut microbiota can increase obesity susceptibility. • Non-coding RNA has an important role in the metabolic homeostasis in check so if a disturbance occurs it can lead to resistance to obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Celiker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Arts and Science Faculty, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus. .,DESAM Institute, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ahlawat S, Asha, Sharma KK. Gut-organ axis: a microbial outreach and networking. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:636-668. [PMID: 32472555 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human gut microbiota (GM) includes a complex and dynamic population of microorganisms that are crucial for well-being and survival of the organism. It has been reported as diverse and relatively stable with shared core microbiota, including Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes as the major dominants. They are the key regulators of body homeostasis, involving both intestinal and extra-intestinal effects by influencing many physiological functions such as metabolism, maintenance of barrier homeostasis, inflammation and hematopoiesis. Any alteration in GM community structures not only trigger gut disorders but also influence other organs and cause associated diseases. In recent past, the GM has been defined as a 'vital organ' with its involvement with other organs; thus, establishing a link or a bi- or multidirectional communication axis between the organs via neural, endocrine, immune, humoral and metabolic pathways. Alterations in GM have been linked to several diseases known to humans; although the exact interaction mechanism between the gut and the organs is yet to be defined. In this review, the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the vital human organs was envisaged and discussed under several headings. Furthermore, several disease symptoms were also revisited to redefine the communication network between the gut microbes and the associated organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Ahlawat
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Asha
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - K K Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sanchis-Artero L, Martínez-Blanch JF, Manresa-Vera S, Cortés-Castell E, Rodriguez-Morales J, Cortés-Rizo X. Evaluation of Changes in Gut Microbiota in Patients with Crohn's Disease after Anti-Tnfα Treatment: Prospective Multicenter Observational Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E5120. [PMID: 32679874 PMCID: PMC7399935 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17145120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Crohn's disease is believed to result from the interaction between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors and gut microbiota, leading to an aberrant immune response. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the qualitative and quantitative changes in the microbiota of patients with Crohn's disease after six months of anti-tumor-necrosis factor (anti-TNFα) (infliximab or adalimumab) treatment and to determine whether these changes lead to the recovery of normal microbiota when compared to a control group of healthy subjects. In addition, we will evaluate the potential role of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Escherichia coli and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii/Clostridium coccoides ratios as indicators of therapeutic response to anti-TNFα drugs. Methods/Design: This prospective multicenter observational study will comprise a total of 88 subjects: 44 patients with Crohn's disease scheduled to start anti-TNFα treatment as described in the drug specifications to control the disease and 44 healthy individuals who share the same lifestyle and eating habits. The presence of inflammatory activity will be determined by the Harvey-Bradshaw index, analytical parameters in blood, including C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin levels at commencement of the study, at three months and at six months, allowing the classification of patients into responders and non-responders. Microbiota composition and the quantitative relationship between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Escherichia coli and between Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Clostridium coccoidesgroup as indicators of dysbiosis will be studied at inclusion and six months after initiation of treatment using ultra sequencing with Illumina technology and comparative bioinformatics analysis for the former relationship, and digital droplet PCR using stool samples for the latter. Upon inclusion, patients will complete a survey of dietary intake for the three days prior to stool collection, which will be repeated six months later in a second collection to minimize dietary bias. Discussion: In this study, massive sequencing, a reliable new tool, will be applied to identify early biomarkers of response to anti-TNF treatment in patients with Crohn's disease to improve clinical management of these patients, reduce morbidity rates and improve efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sanchis-Artero
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit. Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital of Sagunto, Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46520 Sagunto, Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (J.R.-M.); (X.C.-R.)
| | - Juan Francisco Martínez-Blanch
- Genomics Laboratory. ADM-Lifesequencing. Parque Científico Universidad de Valencia. Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9. Edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Sergio Manresa-Vera
- Genomics Laboratory. ADM-Lifesequencing. Parque Científico Universidad de Valencia. Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch, 9. Edificio 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Ernesto Cortés-Castell
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry Miguel Hernández University, Carretera de Valencia—Alicante S/N, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain;
| | - Josefa Rodriguez-Morales
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit. Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital of Sagunto, Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46520 Sagunto, Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (J.R.-M.); (X.C.-R.)
| | - Xavier Cortés-Rizo
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit. Department of Digestive Diseases, Hospital of Sagunto, Av. Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46520 Sagunto, Valencia, Spain; (L.S.-A.); (J.R.-M.); (X.C.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dias AM, Cordeiro G, Estevinho MM, Veiga R, Figueira L, Reina‐Couto M, Magro F. Gut bacterial microbiome composition and statin intake-A systematic review. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00601. [PMID: 32476298 PMCID: PMC7261966 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the gut microbiome has become an important field of interest. Indeed, the microbiome has been associated to numerous drug interactions and it is thought to influence the efficacy of pharmacologic treatments. Although statins are widely prescribed medications, there remains considerable variability in its therapeutic response. In this context, we aimed to investigate how statins modulate the gut microbiome and, reversely, how can the microbiome influence the course of anti-hypercholesterolemic treatment. We conducted a systematic review by searching four online databases, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Studies addressing gut microbiome changes following statin treatment and those assessing statins' response and associating it with patients' microbiome were included. Due to the limited number of results, we decided to include studies enrolling both humans and animals. We summarized information from three human and seven animal studies and aimed to assess the influence of gut microbiome composition on statin response (Outcome 1) and to evaluate the impact of statin treatment on the gut microbiome (Outcome 2). An association between a certain microbiome composition that promoted the lipid-lowering effect of statins was found. However, what kind of microorganisms and how they can exert this effect remains uncertain. Furthermore, statins might have a role in the modulation of the gut microbiome, but then again, it is still unknown whether this change is directly caused by the drug or another metabolic mechanism. Even though gut microbiota may have several potential therapeutic implications, its use as a personalized predictive biomarker requires further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia M. Dias
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Gonçalo Cordeiro
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Maria M. Estevinho
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Rui Veiga
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of Intensive MedicineSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Luis Figueira
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of OphthalmologySão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Marta Reina‐Couto
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of Intensive MedicineSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | - Fernando Magro
- Clinical Pharmacology UnitSão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
- Department of BiomedicineUnit of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsFaculty of MedicineUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
- Service of GastroenterologySão João Hospital University CentrePortoPortugal
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nazarko
- Nurse Consultant at West London NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Is the Newborn Microbiome Disrupted by Routine Newborn Suctioning? An Exploratory Approach for Policy Development. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2020; 34:231-238. [PMID: 32697543 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
An invasive procedure commonly used in the perinatal setting is newborn suctioning at birth. Routine newborn suctioning, without indication, is not recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Heart Association, and the European Resuscitation Council for the newborn with spontaneous respirations, adequate crying, and good muscle tone. Whether to suction a newborn is a difficult practice decision made daily by the perinatal nurse. A primary element of this practice decision is the consideration that newborn suctioning has the potential to affect health outcomes. Furthermore, routine newborn suctioning may be disrupting the newborn microbiome by removing commensal bacteria and potentially, negatively affecting newborn health. This article will explore the connection between the practice of routine newborn suctioning in the perinatal setting and the potential to disrupt the newborn microbiome. The methods employed and reported in this article consisted of review of literature and review of clinical guidelines and a descriptive study to determine the scope of practice of newborn suctioning. The premise of whether the practice of routine newborn suctioning at birth may be disrupting the newborn microbiome will also be considered. Finally, developing a microbiome-centric perspective will be explored.
Collapse
|
47
|
Scriven M, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Wall M. Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Influence of Gut Microbe to Brain Signalling. Diseases 2018; 6:E78. [PMID: 30200574 PMCID: PMC6163507 DOI: 10.3390/diseases6030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome gut brain (MGB) axis consists of bidirectional routes of communication between the gut and the brain. It has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for multiple medical specialties including psychiatry. Significant numbers of preclinical trials have taken place with some transitioning to clinical studies in more recent years. Some positive results have been reported secondary to probiotic administration in both healthy populations and specific patient groups. This review aims to summarise the current understanding of the MGB axis and the preclinical and clinical findings relevant to psychiatry. Significant differences have been identified between the microbiome of patients with a diagnosis of depressive disorder and healthy controls. Similar findings have occurred in patients diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder and irritable bowel syndrome. A probiotic containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium bifidum produced a clinically measurable symptom improvement in patients with depressive disorder. To date, some promising results have suggested that probiotics could play a role in the treatment of stress-related psychiatric disease. However, more well-controlled clinical trials are required to determine which clinical conditions are likely to benefit most significantly from this novel approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Scriven
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland.
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YT20 Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, T12 XF62 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Mary Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University College Cork, T12 DC4A Cork, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|