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Arifoglu AT, Artan T. A systematic review of the factors influencing the risky behaviors of syrian forced migrant children and adolescents in Turkey. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1195-1212. [PMID: 38330210 DOI: 10.1177/13591045241231336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Risky behaviors are defined as emotional and behavioral problems that harm mental and physical health. The present study aimed to systematically review and synthesize research investigating the risky behaviors of Syrian children living in Turkey. The study was conducted through a systematic review of articles published in the Scopus and Web of Science database between 2013 and the present day, and met the STROBE reporting criteria. The inclusion criteria for studies in the systematic review were established, and studies that focused on Syrian-origin forced migrant child-adolescents aged 7-18 years and investigated risky behaviors without a clinical diagnosis and treatment purpose were included. Four studies with a sample of 790 children were examined. According to the findings of this study, there is a measurement issue for risky behaviors. In this study, there are numerous factors influencing risky behaviors, including those related to traumatic life events due to war, psychopathology, acculturation-related factors, and sociodemographic factors. The most significant finding highlighted in the study is the need for methodological improvements and context-specific studies to be repeated in future research, to ensure statistical generalizability and clinical implications in research on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Taha Arifoglu
- Social Work Department, PhD Student at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Taner Artan
- Faculty of Health Sciences Social Work Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
- UNEC Social Work and Social Innovations Research Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Bartley HE, Turner EKL, Ford TJ, Cherian S. Epidemiology and assessment of Hepatitis B positive children in Western Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2024; 60:125-131. [PMID: 38655904 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIM To describe the characteristics of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) presenting to a tertiary paediatric hospital in Perth, Western Australia. Review of implementation of previous follow-up recommendations for the cohort was also undertaken. METHOD A retrospective data analysis of all individuals aged between 0 and 17 years presenting to the tertiary children's hospital who were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive over 8 years (2013-2020). Demographic features, clinical progress and follow up are described, including proportion transferred to adult services. RESULTS Seventy-four patients were identified to have CHB; mean age at diagnosis 11 years; standard deviation 4 years; 41 (55%) male. Cultural and ethnolinguistic diversity was high; 74% (n = 55) were from refugee-like backgrounds. Many did not demonstrate English proficiency (23/40; 75%) and 7 (10%) Australian born including 4 patients who were Aboriginal. Most patients (58%) with CHB were in the hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic infection phase with no intervention provided. Seventeen children had undergone liver ultrasonography and one underwent liver biopsy; none received antiviral treatment. Follow up was concerning; 28 (38%) had at least one clinic non-attendance, 24 (32%) lost to follow-up and interpreter utilisation was poorly documented. Thirty-nine (53%) were transferred to adult services with only 56% attending follow-up. CONCLUSION CHB burden is higher in those from culturally and ethnolinguistically diverse backgrounds. There is a significant loss to follow-up and suboptimal transfer to adult services. Improved recall, education and referral processes are necessary to overcome language, socioeconomic and cultural barriers. Although childhood complications are infrequent, longitudinal monitoring is crucial to prevent long-term complications and adult morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elizabeth Bartley
- Departments of General Paediatrics and Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Emma Kate Lefroy Turner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy John Ford
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Departments of General Paediatrics and Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines & Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Bernhardt K, Le Beherec S, Uppendahl JR, Fleischmann M, Klosinski M, Rivera LM, Samaras G, Kenney M, Müller R, Nehring I, Mall V, Hahnefeld A. Young children's development after forced displacement: a systematic review. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:20. [PMID: 38303022 PMCID: PMC10835848 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of displacement experiences on 0- to 6-year-old children's social-emotional and cognitive development, as well as influencing factors on reported outcomes. STUDY DESIGN We systematically searched MEDline, Psyndex, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Elsevier, TandF, Oxford Journal of Refugee Studies, Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies, and Canada's Journal on Refugees for existing literature regarding social-emotional and cognitive outcomes in children directly exposed to forced displacement due to political violence. Results were synthesized in the discussion and displayed using harvest plots. RESULTS Our search generated 9,791 articles of which 32 were selected for review and evaluation according to NICE criteria. Included studies provided results for 6,878 forcibly displaced children. Measured outcomes were diverse and included areas such as peer relations, prosocial behavior, family functioning, play, intelligence, learning performance, and language development. Repeated exposure to adverse experiences, separation from parents, parental distress, as well as duration and quality of resettlement in the host country were reported as influencing factors in the reviewed studies. CONCLUSION As protective factors like secure and stable living conditions help to promote children's development, we call for policies that enhance participation in the welcoming society for refugee families. Early integration with low-threshold access to health and educational facilities can help to mitigate the wide-ranging negative consequences of forced displacement on young children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bernhardt
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Saskia Le Beherec
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Kbo Kinderzentrum, Heiglhofstrasse 65, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jana R Uppendahl
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Melia Fleischmann
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Klosinski
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luisa M Rivera
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Georgia Samaras
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martha Kenney
- Department of Women and Gender Studies, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Müller
- Department of Science, Technology and Society, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Nehring
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Mall
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Kbo Kinderzentrum, Heiglhofstrasse 65, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Hahnefeld
- Chair of Social Pediatrics, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Kbo Kinderzentrum, Heiglhofstrasse 65, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Hudson T, Hecht SM, Robbins C, McHenry MS, Byrne B. Adolescent Interview With a Medical Interpreter: A Standardized Patient Encounter for Pediatric Residents. Cureus 2023; 15:e47279. [PMID: 38022151 PMCID: PMC10656079 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatricians can cultivate a more trusting relationship with their non-English speaking patients by emphasizing the importance of upholding patient confidentiality in the presence of an interpreter. We designed a case for pediatric residents to increase comfort when conducting an adolescent interview using a medical interpreter, emphasizing the importance of upholding patient confidentiality, specifically when discussing sensitive health topics. METHODS We developed a standardized patient encounter (SPE) for pediatric residents at a large academic institution that focused on exploring sensitive health topics with an adolescent, non-English speaking female patient using an interpreter. A validated survey was administered upon completion of the case, prompting participants to reflect on their comfort and skills with specific activities before and after the case, and was analyzed using paired t-tests. RESULTS Eighty-nine residents participated; 66 were interns and 23 were in their second year of residency. The mean scores of all paired survey items significantly increased after the case (p<0.01), indicating perceived personal growth in all educational objective categories. The majority of the participants (97%, N=86) agreed that they built skills in understanding cultural humility and caring for future patients (mean Likert scores: 4.91 and 5.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Upon completion of the case, residents reported increased comfort and skills using a medical interpreter for non-English speaking patients within the context of patient-centered care, discussing various sensitive health topics, emphasizing the importance of upholding patient confidentiality, and demonstrating skills in adolescent interviewing. Both medical confidentiality and cultural humility education can be integrated into simulation-based medical education to improve the quality of care for diverse patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristin Hudson
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Shaina M Hecht
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Cynthia Robbins
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Megan S McHenry
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Bobbi Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
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Aibangbee M, Micheal S, Mapedzahama V, Liamputtong P, Pithavadian R, Hossain Z, Mpofu E, Dune T. Migrant and Refugee Youth's Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights: A Scoping Review to Inform Policies and Programs. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605801. [PMID: 37342678 PMCID: PMC10278890 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Migrants and refugee youth (MRY) in Western nations are less likely to participate in sexual reproductive health (SRH) services. Consequently, MRY are more likely to encounter adverse SRH experiences due to limited access to and knowledge of SRH services. A scoping review was conducted to examine MRY's understanding of and the implications for inclusive sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) programs and policies. Methods: A systematic search of literature across seven academic databases was conducted. Data were extracted following Partners for Dignity and Rights' Human Rights Assessment framework and analysed using the thematic-synthesis method. Results: 38 literature (peer-reviewed, 24 and grey, 14) were considered eligible for inclusion. The findings highlighted significant barriers and the under-implementation of SRHR support and services by MRY. Key policy implications include a need for programs to support MRY's SRHR education, diversity, equity and inclusiveness and privacy protections. Conclusion: The review shows that the emerging evidence on MRY SRHR suggests gaps in practices for resourcing policies and programs that promote sustainable SRH for vulnerable populations. Policies for MRY's SRHR should prioritise programs that focus on diversity, equity and inclusion with targeted education and community resourcing strategies for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaels Aibangbee
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Sowbhagya Micheal
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute, Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Rashmi Pithavadian
- School of Health Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Zakia Hossain
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Elias Mpofu
- Translational Health Research Institute, Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Rehabilitation and Health Services, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tinashe Dune
- Translational Health Research Institute, Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Translational Research Unit, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Psychological Sciences, Australian College of Applied Professions, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rizk Y, Hoteit R, Khater B, Naous J. Psychosocial wellbeing and risky health behaviors among Syrian adolescent refugees in South Beirut: a study using the HEEADSSS interviewing framework. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1019269. [PMID: 37205080 PMCID: PMC10187139 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1019269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Adolescent refugees are at risk of mental health disorders and underdiagnosed risky behaviors. Limited research exists in the Middle East and North Africa. This study aims to assess psychosocial wellbeing and risk-taking behaviors among adolescent refugees displaced to South Beirut following a standardized framework. Methods A cross-sectional study using face-to-face confidential HEEADSSS (Home, Education/Employment, Eating, Activities, Drugs, Sexuality, Safety and Suicide/Depression) interviews was conducted among 52 Syrian adolescent refugees, between the ages of 14 and 21, in a health center in South Beirut. Results The mean age of the interviewees was 17.04 ± 1.77 years, with a male predominance 34 (65.4%). Five (9.6%) were married, 38 (73.1%) were not attending school 27 (52.9%) lived in a place with a crowding index ≥3.5 and 21 (40.4%) were working. Risky health concerns or behaviors detected included no activities or exercise 38 (73.1%), eating one to two meals per day 39 (75%) and smoking 22 (42.3%). Eleven (21.2%) have been ever offered drugs and 22 (42.3%) believed they should carry a weapon for protection. Twenty one out of 32 (65.7%) had major depressive disorders and 33 (63.5%) screened positive for behavioral problems. Exposure to home verbal or physical violence, male gender, smoking, and employment were associated with high scoring in behavioral problems. Smoking and ever been touched in an unwanted way were found to be associated with depression. Conclusion and practical implications Implementing the HEEADSSS interviewing assessment within medical encounters with refugee adolescents is one efficient way to detect risky health behaviors and mental health problems. Interventions need to be implemented as early as possible in the refugees' journey to help them cope and gain resilience. Training health care providers to conduct the questionnaire and delivering brief counseling when required is recommended. Establishing a network of referrals to provide multidisciplinary care to adolescents can be helpful. Obtaining a fund to distribute safety helmets for adolescent motorbike drivers can be a way to reduce injuries. More research among adolescent refugees in multiple settings, including teenagers in the host country, is needed to serve this population better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Rizk
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Lebanese American University Medical Center Rizk Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reem Hoteit
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Beatrice Khater
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jihane Naous
- Department of Family Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Jihane Naous,
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Magwood O, Kassam A, Mavedatnia D, Mendonca O, Saad A, Hasan H, Madana M, Ranger D, Tan Y, Pottie K. Mental Health Screening Approaches for Resettling Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063549. [PMID: 35329237 PMCID: PMC8953108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Refugees and asylum seekers often face delayed mental health diagnoses, treatment, and care. COVID-19 has exacerbated these issues. Delays in diagnosis and care can reduce the impact of resettlement services and may lead to poor long-term outcomes. This scoping review aims to characterize studies that report on mental health screening for resettling refugees and asylum seekers pre-departure and post-arrival to a resettlement state. We systematically searched six bibliographic databases for articles published between 1995 and 2020 and conducted a grey literature search. We included publications that evaluated early mental health screening approaches for refugees of all ages. Our search identified 25,862 citations and 70 met the full eligibility criteria. We included 45 publications that described mental health screening programs, 25 screening tool validation studies, and we characterized 85 mental health screening tools. Two grey literature reports described pre-departure mental health screening. Among the included publications, three reported on two programs for women, 11 reported on programs for children and adolescents, and four reported on approaches for survivors of torture. Programs most frequently screened for overall mental health, PTSD, and depression. Important considerations that emerged from the literature include cultural and psychological safety to prevent re-traumatization and digital tools to offer more private and accessible self-assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Magwood
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Center, Bruyère Research Institute, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada; (O.M.); (O.M.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (D.R.); (Y.T.)
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, 25 University Private, Ottawa, ON K1N 7K4, Canada
| | - Azaad Kassam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, 75 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
- Pinecrest-Queensway Community Health Centre, 1365 Richmond Rd #2, Ottawa, ON K2B 6R7, Canada
- Ottawa Newcomer Health Centre, 291 Argyle, Ottawa, ON K2P 1B8, Canada
| | - Dorsa Mavedatnia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Oreen Mendonca
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Center, Bruyère Research Institute, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada; (O.M.); (O.M.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (D.R.); (Y.T.)
| | - Ammar Saad
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Center, Bruyère Research Institute, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada; (O.M.); (O.M.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (D.R.); (Y.T.)
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Crescent, Ottawa, ON K1G 5Z3, Canada
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Hafsa Hasan
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Center, Bruyère Research Institute, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada; (O.M.); (O.M.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (D.R.); (Y.T.)
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON M5T 3M6, Canada
| | - Maria Madana
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (D.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Dominique Ranger
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Center, Bruyère Research Institute, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada; (O.M.); (O.M.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (D.R.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yvonne Tan
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Center, Bruyère Research Institute, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada; (O.M.); (O.M.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (D.R.); (Y.T.)
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Queen’s University, 99 University Ave, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kevin Pottie
- C.T. Lamont Primary Care Research Center, Bruyère Research Institute, 85 Primrose Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1R 7G5, Canada; (O.M.); (O.M.); (A.S.); (H.H.); (D.R.); (Y.T.)
- Department of Family Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Singh P. Conscientiousness moderates the relationship between neuroticism and health-risk behaviors among adolescents. Scand J Psychol 2022; 63:256-264. [PMID: 35060640 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Health-Risk-Behaviors (HRBs) are considered significant antecedent conditions of adolescents' poor health and mortality. Prevention of any adverse health outcome requires an in-depth understanding of the risk and protective factors associated with its development and maintenance. Among other potential causal pathways, the "neuroticism- HRBs-adverse health" link has been supported in previous studies. Trait neuroticism has been associated with poor health and HRBs, but several moderators were also observed, which might transform neuroticism into a desirable phenomenon, that is, healthy neuroticism, that leads to better health. Conscientiousness is one such potential moderator; however, the moderating effect of conscientiousness in the neuroticism-HRBs link has not been explored extensively among adolescents, especially in India; therefore, no conclusive evidence is available. Thus, the present study was planned to explore the moderating effect of conscientiousness in the relationship between neuroticism and HRBs among adolescents. The study was conducted in India and its cross-sectional sample, procured through a multi-stage stratified random sampling, consists of 648 (364 males) adolescents (Mage = 16.08). Participants provided relevant information on standardized questionnaires. Moderated regression analysis was applied to test the stated hypotheses. Individuals high on neuroticism and low on conscientiousness reported more indulgence in health-risk behaviors than individuals high on both neuroticism and conscientiousness. It indicates that a higher level of conscientiousness may reduce the negative impact that neuroticism has on HRBs. The findings imply that the assessment of conscientiousness and strategies to increase the same should be part of interventional programs to achieve adolescents' wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parwinder Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Ropar, India
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Singh P. Emotion Regulation Difficulties Mediate the Relationship between Neuroticism and Health-Risk Behaviours in Adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 156:48-67. [PMID: 35015628 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.2006124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Health-Risk-Behaviors (HRBs) are significant antecedent conditions of adolescents' poor health and mortality. Prevention of avoidable adverse health outcomes requires an in-depth understanding of the factors associated with such outcomes. Among other possible pathways, the 'Neuroticism- HRBs-adverse health' link has been supported in previous studies. However, more extensive exploration of this link is required to identify the underlying modifiable risk factors. In the present study, one such factor, namely, emotion regulation difficulties, was explored to see its mediating effect in the relationship between neuroticism and HRBs-the first two constructs of the mentioned link. In this quantitative study, a total of 759 adolescents belonging to the Indian state of Punjab (Males= 402; M(age)=16.08) provided relevant information on a set of standardized questionnaires. Mediation analysis supported the major hypothesis of the present study. The results suggest that emotion regulation difficulty may be a significant mediator in the neuroticism-HRBs link. One's difficulty in regulating emotions might be an underlying mechanism through which high neuroticism increases the probability of indulging in HRBs, resulting in adverse health outcomes. The study implies that the assessment of emotion regulation difficulties should be included in interventional programs aimed at achieving adolescents' wellbeing, and early intervention may avoid progression toward adverse health outcomes in adulthood.
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Singh P. Emotion regulation difficulties, perceived parenting and personality as predictors of health-risk behaviours among adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35035186 PMCID: PMC8741581 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02536-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Health-Risk Behaviours (HRBs) are significant antecedent conditions of adverse health outcomes among adolescents, and their prevention requires an in-depth understanding of associated factors. Like any other behaviour, HRBs may be an outcome of a complex interplay between personal and situational factors that determines our responses. Among other factors, emotional tendencies, specific behavioural patterns, and psychosocial environment may be the significant factors working at different hierarchical positions within a system and guiding human behaviours, including HRBs. Previous studies have explored the role of these specific factors in developing and maintaining HRBs, but mainly among the adult population, and no conclusive results could be observed regarding their contribution to HRBs in adolescents. The present study explored the predictability of adolescents' engagement in HRBs with regard to three representations of the mentioned factors, i.e., emotion regulation difficulties, perceived parenting practices and personality traits. A total of 723 (Males = 440) adolescents (Mage = 16.05, SD = 1.1) provided relevant information on the standardized questionnaires. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the stated hypotheses. Analysis revealed that the adolescents who reported more difficulty regulating one's emotions, perceived parenting practice as maladaptive, scored high on neuroticism and low on conscientiousness, showed more engagement in HRBs than their counterparts. Further, the findings indicated that emotion regulation difficulties and perceived parenting practices are stronger predictors of HRBs than personality traits. Interventional programs targeting HRBs among adolescents should address specific facets of emotional dysregulation and sensitise parents about their role in moderating adolescents' HRBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parwinder Singh
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab India
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11
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Arakelyan S, Ager A. Annual Research Review: A multilevel bioecological analysis of factors influencing the mental health and psychosocial well-being of refugee children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:484-509. [PMID: 33277944 PMCID: PMC8246898 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper revisits the themes of an influential 1993 review regarding the factors shaping the mental health and psychosocial well-being of refugees to take stock of developments in the evidence base and conceptualisation of issues for refugee children over the last 25 years. METHODS The study deployed a systematic search strategy. This initially identified 784 papers, which was reduced to 65 studies following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. We used a later iteration of Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model of human development - the PPCT model - to consolidate evidence. RESULTS We identify a range of risk and protective factors operating at individual, familial, community and institutional and policy levels that influence outcomes for refugee children. The dynamics shaping the interaction of these influences are linked to the life course principles of socio-historical time and developmental age, proximal processes and child agency. CONCLUSIONS Actions at individual, familial, community, school, institutional and policy levels all have potential traction on mental health and psychosocial well-being of refugee children. However, evidence suggests that greatest impact will be secured by multilevel interventions addressing synergies between ecological systems, approaches engaging proximal processes (including parenting programmes) and interventions facilitating the agency of the developing refugee child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Arakelyan
- Institute for Global Health and DevelopmentQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Alastair Ager
- Institute for Global Health and DevelopmentQueen Margaret UniversityEdinburghUK
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Hirani K, Payne DN, Mutch R, Cherian S. Medical needs of adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia. Arch Dis Child 2019; 104:880-883. [PMID: 29970582 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2018-315105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the medical needs and socioeconomic determinants of health among adolescent refugees resettling in Western Australia. DESIGN Comprehensive medical and socioeconomic health data of resettling adolescent refugees aged 12 years and above attending a Refugee Health Service over a 1-year period were analysed. RESULTS Medical records of 122 adolescents, median (range) age of 14 (12-17) years, were reviewed. Socioeconomic vulnerabilities included dependence on government financial support (50%), housing issues (27%) and child protection service involvement (11%). Medical concerns included non-communicable disorders (85%), infectious diseases (81%), nutrition/growth (71%) and physical symptoms of non-organic origin (43%). One quarter (27%) of female adolescents had sexual/reproductive health issues. A median (range) of 5 (2-12) health concerns were identified for each adolescent with 49% requiring referral to subspecialty services. CONCLUSION Resettling adolescent refugees are socioeconomically vulnerable with a range of medical issues that frequently require additional subspecialty health referrals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hirani
- Department of Adolescent Medicine and Eating Disorders, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donald N Payne
- Department of Adolescent Medicine and Eating Disorders, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raewyn Mutch
- Department of Adolescent Medicine and Eating Disorders, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Refugee Health Service, Department of General Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Refugee Health Service, Department of General Paediatrics, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Hirani K, Mutch R, Payne D, Cherian S. Complexities of conducting research in adolescent refugees resettling in Australia. J Paediatr Child Health 2019; 55:890-894. [PMID: 31228322 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent refugees resettling in Australia are a vulnerable and marginalised population. Dedicated research to help better understand their health-care needs remains scarce. There are multiple complexities which may deter health professionals from conducting research with this population. Health-care system barriers, such as lack of adolescent- and refugee-specific health-care services, complicate comprehensive data collection. Limited investigator knowledge pertaining to culturally appropriate research in a population with limited English proficiency or a history of trauma can have an impact on adolescent participation and retention in research studies. Additional ethical and legal issues relating to adolescent consent and confidentiality, which include suicidality and physical or sexual abuse, can arise during research and cause potential harm to adolescents if not managed appropriately. This article highlights current knowledge and understanding relating to these issues along with recommendations to address barriers and safeguard adolescents, with the aim of promoting high-quality research that will benefit resettling adolescent refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Hirani
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raewyn Mutch
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Donald Payne
- Headspace, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Youth Cancer Services, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Cherian
- Refugee Health Service, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Division of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Research demonstrates that language and cultural barriers negatively affect care for patients with limited English proficiency, resulting in significant and costly health disparities. Legal standards emphasize working with qualified interpreters, but training for providers on communicating effectively through interpreters is inconsistent. Knowing the difference between a translator and interpreter, an interpreter's role, and who can be a qualified interpreter are key for providers. Generally accepted best practice for working with medical interpreters includes tips for before, during, and after an interpreted encounter. Potential solutions exist for ethical dilemmas and challenges commonly experienced when working with interpreters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Clarke
- Society of Refugee Healthcare Providers, Spencerport, NY, USA.
| | - Janice Jaffe
- Maine Medical Center, Hispanic Studies, Department of Romance Languages and Literatures, Bowdoin College, 7800 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Raewyn Mutch
- Refugee Health and General Paediatrics, Department of General Paediatrics, Perth Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia, Locked Bag 2010, 15 Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia 6909, Australia
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