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Oliveira SR, de Arruda JAA, Schneider AH, Bemquerer LM, de Souza RMS, Barbim P, de Mattos-Pereira GH, Calderaro DC, Machado CC, Alves SF, Moreira PR, de Oliveira RDR, Louzada-Júnior P, Abreu LG, Cunha FQ, Silva TA. Neutrophil extracellular traps in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis: Contribution of PADI4 gene polymorphisms. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:452-463. [PMID: 38115803 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM We sought to investigate the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in neutrophils from individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and controls and compare the presence of NETs in gingival tissues according to periodontal status. Also, the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the peptidyl arginine deaminase type 4 (PADI4) gene and the GTG haplotype with RA, periodontitis and NETs was evaluated in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral neutrophils were isolated by density gradient, and NET concentration was determined by the PicoGreen method. Immunofluorescence was studied to identify NETs by co-localization of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit). Genotyping for SNPs (PADI4_89; PADI4_90; PADI4_92; and PADI4_104) was performed in 87 individuals with RA and 111 controls. RESULTS The release of NETs in vitro was significantly higher in individuals with RA and periodontitis and when stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Gingival tissues from subjects with RA and periodontitis revealed increased numbers of MPO-H3Cit-positive cells. Individuals with the GTG haplotype showed a higher release of NETs in vitro and worse periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS The release of NETs by circulating neutrophils is associated with RA and periodontitis and is influenced by the presence of the GTG haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicília Rezende Oliveira
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marques Bemquerer
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rayssa Maria Soalheiro de Souza
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Barbim
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique de Mattos-Pereira
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora Cerqueira Calderaro
- Department of Locomotor Apparatus, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Caio Cavalcante Machado
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Fukada Alves
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula Rocha Moreira
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Louzada-Júnior
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Mirzaei MR, Esmaeili O, Asadi F, Ahmadinia H, Shamsoddini B, Abbasifard M. Implications of Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase 4 gene transcription and polymorphisms in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in an Iranian population. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:104. [PMID: 37193992 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01532-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) has been implicated in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Here we aimed to evaluate the association of PADI4 gene rs11203367 and rs1748033 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with RA proneness. METHODS The mRNA expression of PADI4 was determined in the whole blood samples. The genotyping of PADI4 polymorphisms was conducted using allelic discrimination TaqMan genotyping Real-time PCR. RESULTS The alleles and genotypes of rs11203367 polymorphism were not associated with susceptibility to RA risk. The T allele (OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.21-2.04, P = 0.0005), TT genotype (OR = 2.79, 95%CI: 1.53-5.06, P = 0.0007), TC genotype (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.04-2.23, P = 0.0291), dominant (OR = 1.72, 95%CI: 1.19-2.47, P = 0.0034) and recessive (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.25-3.82, P = 0.0057) models of rs1748033 SNP were associated with higher risk of RA. There was a significant upregulation of PADI4 mRNA in the RA patients compared to controls. mRNA expression of PADI4 had significantly positive correlation with anti-CCP level (r = 0.37, P = 0.041), RF level (r = 0.39, P = 0.037), and CRP level (r = 0.39, P = 0.024). CONCLUSION PADI4 gene rs1748033 SNP was associated with increased RA risk. This polymorphism might affect the RA pathogenesis regardless of impressing the levels of PADI-4 in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Mirzaei
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ozrasadat Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Ahmadinia
- Occupational Environmental Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Banafshe Shamsoddini
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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Budlewski T, Sarnik J, Galita G, Dragan G, Brzezińska O, Popławska M, Popławski T, Makowska J. SNP in PTPN22, PADI4, and STAT4 but Not TRAF1 and CD40 Increase the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Polish Population. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087586. [PMID: 37108746 PMCID: PMC10145319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in non-HLA genes are involved in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SNPS in genes: PADI4 (rs2240340), STAT4 (rs7574865), CD40 (rs4810485), PTPN22 (rs2476601), and TRAF1 (rs3761847) have been described as risk factors for the development of autoimmune diseases, including RA. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of polymorphisms of these genes in the Polish population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis as compared to healthy controls. 324 subjects were included in the study: 153 healthy subjects and 181 patients from the Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz who fulfilled the criteria of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis. Genotypes were determined by Taqman SNP Genotyping Assay. rs2476601 (G/A, OR = 2.16, CI = 1.27-3.66; A/A, OR = 10.35, CI = 1.27-84.21), rs2240340 (C/T, OR = 4.35, CI = 2.55-7.42; T/T, OR = 2.80, CI = 1.43-4.10) and rs7574865 (G/T, OR = 1.97, CI = 1.21-3.21; T/T, OR = 3.33, CI = 1.01-11.02) were associated with RA in the Polish population. Rs4810485 was also associated with RA, however after Bonferroni's correction was statistically insignificant. We also found an association between minor alleles of rs2476601, rs2240340, and rs7574865 and RA (OR = 2.32, CI = 1.47-3.66; OR = 2.335, CI = 1.64-3.31; OR = 1.88, CI = 1.27-2.79, respectively). Multilocus analysis revealed an association between CGGGT and rare (below 0.02 frequency) haplotypes (OR = 12.28, CI = 2.65-56.91; OR = 3.23, CI = 1.63-6.39). In the Polish population, polymorphisms of the PADI4, PTPN22, and STAT4 genes have been detected, which are also known risk factors for RA in various other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Budlewski
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-115 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sarnik
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-115 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral Study in Molecular Genetics, Cytogenetics and Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Dragan
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Olga Brzezińska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-115 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Popławska
- Biobank, Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Popławski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Makowska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-115 Lodz, Poland
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Zhou Y, Liu X. PADI4 and IL-33 gene polymorphisms associated with differential susceptibility to juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus and juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Chinese children. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31598. [PMID: 36550815 PMCID: PMC9771228 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are two common types of autoimmune diseases in children with unclear pathogenesis. Both peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) and interleukin 33 (IL-33) are the key molecular involved in immune responses in autoimmune diseases. Usually, it may share the same risk genetic alleles for autoimmune diseases. METHODS So measurement of PADI4 and IL-33 polymorphisms was conducted with 303 healthy controls, 144 JSLE patients and 160 JIA patients in this study. RESULTS It demonstrated that there was a significant association between PADI4 genotypes (rs2240340: CT, CT + CC), IL-33 genotype (rs1929992: TT) and JSLE susceptibility in Southwest China population. While no significant association with the risk of JIA were observed no matter at allelic or genotypic levels. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals the importance of PADI4 and IL-33 polymorphisms with JSLE risk and their roles in the development of the diseases need more further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Laboratory of Transcription and Splicing Regulation, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xinle Liu
- Laboratory of Transcription and Splicing Regulation, West China Institute of Women and Children’s Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
- *Correspondence: Xinle Liu, Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University/Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China (e-mail: )
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5
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The lack of association between PADI4_94 or PADI4_104 polymorphisms and RF, ACPA and anti-PAD4 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11882. [PMID: 35831381 PMCID: PMC9279283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that leads to chronic inflammation of synovial tissue, ultimately causing joint damage, disability, and premature mortality. The peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) family of proteins is involved in the production of anticitrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA), which are clinically relevant markers of RA. ACPA recognizes citrullinated proteins generated mainly by PAD4. Polymorphisms of the PADI4 gene have been associated with RA in Asian populations, but in Europeans these associations are still difficult to estimate. A total of 147 subjects, 122 patients with RA, 52 ± 12.3 aged, 84.4% women and 25 healthy controls, 53 ± 8.4 aged, 72% women were enrolled in the study. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the PADI4 gene (PADI4_94, rs2240340 and PADI4_104, rs1748033) were genotyped using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Genetic models (co-dominant-1 and 2, dominant, over-dominant, and recessive) were applied to find the associations between genotypes and ACPA as well as PAD4 antibodies (anti-PAD4) levels. We found no relationship between the distribution of genotypes in different genetic models and the levels of anti-PAD4, ACPA and RF antibodies. There were also no differences with respect to the haplotypes. Genetic variants PADI4_94 and PADI4_104 may not be clinically relevant as prognostic factors in patients with established RA.
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Mukhtar M, Sheikh N, Batool A, Khawar MB, Fatima N, Mehmood R. Novel functional polymorphism on PADI-4 gene and its association with arthritis onset. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1227-1233. [PMID: 35197789 PMCID: PMC8847927 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Citrullinated proteins formed by peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADIs) deimination of arginine residues in proteins are of particular interest in arthritis pathogenesis. Polymorphisms on the PADI-4 gene lead to the malfunctioning of PADIs leading to the onset of arthritis. Objective The present study was conducted to determine the polymorphisms on the PADI-4 gene and their association with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as well as Osteoarthritis (OA). Methodology To achieve the above-mentioned objective a case-control study was conducted. Blood samples were collected from RA, OA, and control subjects. DNA was extracted from each blood sample by modified organic method and was quantified as well as qualified by DNA gel electrophoresis and Nanodrop. Patients were tested for rs874881, rs11203366, rs11203367, rs2240336, rs2240337, rs2240339, rs1748033 and rs2240340 polymorphic sites by amplifying targeted regions through PCR with site-specific primers. Genotyping was performed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and direct sequencing method. Mutations were identified by analyzing sequences on BioEdit software. Allelic, genetic, and multiple site analysis were performed by SHEsis and PLINK software. Change in the amino acid sequence was identified by MEGA 6.0 software. Results Polymorphisms were identified on all targeted polymorphic sites except rs2240337 in both RA and OA individuals. In addition, two novel mutations were also identified in exon 4 identified i-e SCV000804840: c.218T > C and SCV000807675: c.241G > T. All the SNPs except rs11203366 were found to be significantly associated with RA at an allelic level whereas all SNP’s have been significant risk factors in the onset of OA. At genotypic level rs874881, rs11203366, rs2240339, SCV000804840 and SCV000807675 were significantly associated to RA development whereas rs874881, rs11203366, rs11203367, rs2240339, SCV000804840 and SCV000807675 were genetic risk factors in OA onset. Haplotype analysis indicated that GACCACGCC and GACCACGCT were highly significant in disease development. Polymorphisms identified altered the functioning of PADIs by altering their amino acid sequence. Conclusion In conclusion, it was found that PADI-4 gene polymorphism was not only involved in the onset of RA but was also found to be a significant risk factor in OA onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mukhtar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Rhumatology Domain, Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Department of Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Andleeb Batool
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab (UCP), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Naz Fatima
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mehmood
- Cell and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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7
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Massarenti L, Enevold C, Damgaard D, Ødum N, Garred P, Frisch M, Shelef MA, Jacobsen S, Nielsen CH. PADI4 Polymorphisms Confer Risk of Anti-CCP-Positive Rheumatoid Arthritis in Synergy With HLA-DRB1*04 and Smoking. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707690. [PMID: 34733271 PMCID: PMC8558474 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze citrullination, a post-translational modification playing a pathogenic role in anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The interplay between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PADI genes and known risk factors for ACPA-positive RA, including smoking, HLA-DR4 and -1, and the PTPN22 R620W polymorphism, was investigated. We typed four PADI2 SNPs, four PADI4 SNPs, and the PTPN22 R620W SNP in 445 Danish RA patients and 533 age-matched healthy controls, as well as in 200 North American RA patients and 100 age- and sex-matched controls. The HLA-DRB1 locus was typed in the Danish cohort. Logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, and PTPN22 R620W, revealed increased risk of anti-CCP-positive RA in carriers of rs11203367(T) (OR: 1.22, p=0.03) and reduced risk in carriers of rs2240335(A) in PADI4 (OR: 0.82, p=0.04). rs74058715(T) in PADI4 conferred reduced risk of anti-CCP-negative RA (OR: 0.38, p=0.003). In HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals, specifically, the risk of anti-CCP-positive RA was increased by carriage of PADI4 rs1748033(T) (OR: 1.54, p=0.007) and decreased by carriage of PADI4 rs74058715(T) (OR: 0.44, p=0.01), and we observed an interaction between these SNPs and HLA-DRB1*04 (p=0.004 and p=0.008, respectively) Thus, PADI4 polymorphisms associate with ACPA-positive RA, particularly in HLA-DRB1*04-positive individuals, and with ACPA-negative RA independently of HLA-DRB1*04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Garred
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Immunology, Section 7631, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Frisch
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Miriam A Shelef
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Søren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 4242, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Nikopensius T, Niibo P, Haller T, Jagomägi T, Voog-Oras Ü, Tõnisson N, Metspalu A, Saag M, Pruunsild C. Association analysis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis genetic susceptibility factors in Estonian patients. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 40:4157-4165. [PMID: 34101054 PMCID: PMC8463396 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05756-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic condition of childhood. Genetic association studies have revealed several JIA susceptibility loci with the strongest effect size observed in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Genome-wide association studies have augmented the number of JIA-associated loci, particularly for non-HLA genes. The aim of this study was to identify new associations at non-HLA loci predisposing to the risk of JIA development in Estonian patients. Methods We performed genome-wide association analyses in an entire JIA case–control sample (All-JIA) and in a case–control sample for oligoarticular JIA, the most prevalent JIA subtype. The entire cohort was genotyped using the Illumina HumanOmniExpress BeadChip arrays. After imputation, 16,583,468 variants were analyzed in 263 cases and 6956 controls. Results We demonstrated nominal evidence of association for 12 novel non-HLA loci not previously implicated in JIA predisposition. We replicated known JIA associations in CLEC16A and VCTN1 regions in the oligoarticular JIA sample. The strongest associations in the All-JIA analysis were identified at PRKG1 (P = 2,54 × 10−6), LTBP1 (P = 9,45 × 10−6), and ELMO1 (P = 1,05 × 10−5). In the oligoarticular JIA analysis, the strongest associations were identified at NFIA (P = 5,05 × 10−6), LTBP1 (P = 9,95 × 10−6), MX1 (P = 1,65 × 10−5), and CD200R1 (P = 2,59 × 10−5). Conclusion This study increases the number of known JIA risk loci and provides additional evidence for the existence of overlapping genetic risk loci between JIA and other autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. The reported loci are involved in molecular pathways of immunological relevance and likely represent genomic regions that confer susceptibility to JIA in Estonian patients.
Key Points • Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common childhood rheumatic disease with heterogeneous presentation and genetic predisposition. • Present genome-wide association study for Estonian JIA patients is first of its kind in Northern and Northeastern Europe. • The results of the present study increase the knowledge about JIA risk loci replicating some previously described associations, so adding weight to their relevance and describing novel loci. • The study provides additional evidence for the existence of overlapping genetic risk loci between JIA and other autoimmune diseases, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. |
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10067-021-05756-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiit Nikopensius
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Priit Niibo
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Jagomägi
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ülle Voog-Oras
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Stomatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Neeme Tõnisson
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Riia 23B, 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mare Saag
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chris Pruunsild
- Children's Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Children's Clinic, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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9
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Martinez-Prat L, Palterer B, Vitiello G, Parronchi P, Robinson WH, Mahler M. Autoantibodies to protein-arginine deiminase (PAD) 4 in rheumatoid arthritis: immunological and clinical significance, and potential for precision medicine. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2019; 15:1073-1087. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1668778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Martinez-Prat
- Research and Development, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Experimental Science, Francisco de Vitoria University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Boaz Palterer
- specialist in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Vitiello
- resident in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Parronchi
- (Allergy and Clinical Immunology), Laboratory Head, Experimental and Clinical Medicine Department, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - William H. Robinson
- (Immunology and Rheumatology), Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical [GRECC] Division, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Michael Mahler
- Research and Development, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Tavakolpour S, Darvishi M, Ghasemiadl M. Pharmacogenetics: A strategy for personalized medicine for autoimmune diseases. Clin Genet 2019; 93:481-497. [PMID: 29194620 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For many years, a considerable number of patients with autoimmune diseases (ADs) have suffered from a lack of drug response and drug-related toxicity. Despite the emergence of new therapeutic options such as biological agents, patients continue to struggle with these problems. Unfortunately, new challenges, including the paradoxical effects of biological drugs, have complicated the situation. In recent decades, efforts have been made to predict drug response as well as drug-related side effects. Thanks to the many advances in genetics, evaluation of markers to predict drug response/toxicity before the initiation of treatment may be an avenue toward personalizing treatments. Implementing pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics in the clinic could improve clinical care; however, obstacles remain to effective personalized medicine for ADs. The present study attempted to clarify the concept of pharmacogenetics/pharmacogenomics for ADs. After an overview on the pathogenesis of the most common types of treatments, this paper focuses on pharmacogenetic studies related to the selected ADs. Bridging the gap between pharmacogenetics and personalized medicine is also discussed. Moreover, the advantages, disadvantages and recommendations related to making personalized medicine practical for ADs have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tavakolpour
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Darvishi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center (IDTMRC), Department of Aerospace and Subaquatic Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ghasemiadl
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Guo J, Zhang T, Cao H, Li X, Liang H, Liu M, Zou Y, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Sun X, Hu F, Du Y, Mo X, Liu X, Yang Y, Yang H, Wu X, Zhang X, Jia H, Jiang H, Hou Y, Liu X, Su Y, Zhang M, Yang H, Wang J, Sun L, Liu L, Padyukov L, Lai L, Yamamoto K, Zhang X, Klareskog L, Xu X, Li Z. Sequencing of the MHC region defines HLA-DQA1 as the major genetic risk for seropositive rheumatoid arthritis in Han Chinese population. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:773-780. [PMID: 30936065 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The strong genetic contribution of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been generally attributed to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1. However, due to the high polymorphisms and linkage disequilibrium within MHC, it is difficult to define novel and/or independent genetic risks using conventional HLA genotyping or chip-based microarray technology. This study aimed to identify novel RA risk variants by performing deep sequencing for MHC. METHODS We first conducted target sequencing for the entire MHC region in 357 anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive patients with RA and 1001 healthy controls, and then performed HLA typing in an independent case-control cohort consisting of 1415 samples for validation. All study subjects were Han Chinese. Genetic associations for RA susceptibility and severity were analysed. Comparative modelling was constructed to predict potential functions for the newly discovered RA association variants. RESULTS HLA-DQα1:160D conferred the strongest and independent susceptibility to ACPA-positive RA (p=6.16×10-36, OR=2.29). DRβ1:37N had an independent protective effect (p=5.81×10-16, OR=0.49). As predicted by comparative modelling, the negatively charged DQα1:160D stabilises the dimer of dimers, thus may lead to an increased T cell activation. The negatively charged DRβ1:37N encoding alleles preferentially bind with epitope P9 arginine, thus may result in a decreased RA susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence that HLA-DQα1:160D, instead of HLA-DRB1*0405, is the strongest and independent genetic risk for ACPA-positive RA in Han Chinese. Our study also illustrates the value of deep sequencing for fine-mapping disease risk variants in the MHC region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,Shenzhen Digital Life Institute, Shenzhen, China.,iCarbonX, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hao Liang
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengru Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yundong Zou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Yan Du
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Mo
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huanjie Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huijue Jia
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Hou
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China
| | - Mingrong Zhang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangdan Sun
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No 1 Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luhua Lai
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, and Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiko Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Autoimmune Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Xuejun Zhang
- Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, No 1 Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China .,Institute of Dermatology and Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xun Xu
- Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI)-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China .,China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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12
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Massarenti L, Enevold C, Damgaard D, Ødum N, Nielsen CH, Jacobsen S. Peptidylarginine deiminase-4 gene polymorphisms are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2018; 48:133-140. [PMID: 30269634 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2018.1488273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peptidylarginine deiminase-4 (PAD4) is highly expressed by neutrophils and essential for citrullination occurring during the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PADI4 influence PAD4 expression and functionality. Here, we investigate whether SNPs in PADI4 influence the risk of SLE or LN. METHOD Altogether, 234 SLE patients and 484 controls were genotyped for nine PADI4 SNPs known to alter PAD4 functionality and/or expression, or to be associated with other autoimmune diseases, using an in-house multiplex Luminex assay. All analyses were adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS Heterozygosity for rs1748033, and heterozygosity and homozygosity for rs1635564, were associated with increased occurrence of SLE [odds ratio (OR) 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-2.23; OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.06-2.19; and OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.08-3.93, respectively]. Homozygosity for rs1635564 was also associated with increased occurrence of LN (OR 3.35, 95% CI 1.2-10.97). Notably, gene dose effects of the rs1635564 variant allele were observed for SLE (p = 0.005) and LN (p = 0.01). Carriage of minor alleles of five other SNPs (rs11203366, rs11203367, rs874881, rs2240340, and rs11203368) was associated with increased occurrence of LN and hypertension. CONCLUSION The rs1635564 polymorphism of PADI4 is a candidate risk factor for SLE, particularly with renal involvement. Additional PADI4 polymorphisms also conferred increased risk of LN. Overall, these findings support the notion of PAD4 contributing to the pathogenesis of SLE and LN.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Massarenti
- a Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521 , Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,b Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - C Enevold
- a Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521 , Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - D Damgaard
- a Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521 , Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,c Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - N Ødum
- b Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - C H Nielsen
- a Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 7521 , Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark.,c Section for Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - S Jacobsen
- d Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Section 4242 , Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet , Copenhagen , Denmark
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13
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Clinical and immunological aspects of anti-peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (anti-PAD4) autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2018; 17:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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The relationship of PADI4_94 polymorphisms with the morbidity of rheumatoid arthritis in Caucasian and Asian populations: a meta-analysis and system review. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:289-296. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3964-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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16
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Baños-Hernández CJ, Navarro-Zarza JE, Parra-Rojas I, Vázquez-Villamar M, Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez J, Valle Y, Reyes-Castillo Z, Magdalena Torres-Carrillo N, García-Arellano S, Brennan-Bourdon LM, Muñoz-Valle JF. PADI4 polymorphisms and the functional haplotype are associated with increased rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility: A replication study in a Southern Mexican population. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:553-558. [PMID: 28551357 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a complex genetic background. The peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV (PADI4) gene has been associated with RA susceptibility in several populations. We addressed the relationship between three exonic PADI4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) PADI4_89 (rs11203366), PADI4_90 (rs11203367) and PADI4_92 (rs874881) and related haplotypes with RA in a population from Southern México. This study included 200 RA patients and 200 control subjects. The SNPs were evaluated using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, and antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In this population, the minor alleles of PADI4_89∗G, PADI4_90∗T and PADI4_92∗G gene polymorphisms were associated with RA susceptibility (OR=1.34, p=0.04; OR=1.35, p=0.03; OR=1.34, p=0.04; respectively). The GTG haplotype was also significantly associated with RA (OR=2.27 95%CI=1.18-4.41; p=0.008), but did not show association with levels of anti-CCP antibodies and clinical parameters. In conclusion, our replication study in a Southern Mexican population suggests that PADI4 individual polymorphisms and the related susceptibility haplotype (GTG) are also genetic risk markers for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Johana Baños-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - José Eduardo Navarro-Zarza
- Departamento de Medicina Interna-Reumatología, Hospital General de Chilpancingo "Dr. Raymundo Abarca Alarcón", Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Mirna Vázquez-Villamar
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ramón Padilla-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yeminia Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Nora Magdalena Torres-Carrillo
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lorena Michele Brennan-Bourdon
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Comisión para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios del Estado de Jalisco, (COPRISJAL), Secretaria de Salud, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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17
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Willis VC, Banda NK, Cordova KN, Chandra PE, Robinson WH, Cooper DC, Lugo D, Mehta G, Taylor S, Tak PP, Prinjha RK, Lewis HD, Holers VM. Protein arginine deiminase 4 inhibition is sufficient for the amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 188:263-274. [PMID: 28128853 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullination of joint proteins by the protein arginine deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes is recognized increasingly as a key process in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. This present study was undertaken to explore the efficacy of a novel PAD4-selective inhibitor, GSK199, in the murine collagen-induced arthritis model of rheumatoid arthritis. Mice were dosed daily from the time of collagen immunization with GSK199. Efficacy was assessed against a wide range of end-points, including clinical disease scores, joint histology and immunohistochemistry, serum and joint citrulline levels and quantification of synovial autoantibodies using a proteomic array containing joint peptides. Administration of GSK199 at 30 mg/kg led to significant effects on arthritis, assessed both by global clinical disease activity and by histological analyses of synovial inflammation, pannus formation and damage to cartilage and bone. In addition, significant decreases in complement C3 deposition in both synovium and cartilage were observed robustly with GSK199 at 10 mg/kg. Neither the total levels of citrulline measurable in joint and serum, nor levels of circulating collagen antibodies, were affected significantly by treatment with GSK199 at any dose level. In contrast, a subset of serum antibodies reactive against citrullinated and non-citrullinated joint peptides were reduced with GSK199 treatment. These data extend our previous demonstration of efficacy with the pan-PAD inhibitor Cl-amidine and demonstrate robustly that PAD4 inhibition alone is sufficient to block murine arthritis clinical and histopathological end-points.
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Affiliation(s)
- V C Willis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - N K Banda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - K N Cordova
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - P E Chandra
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA and the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - W H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA and the VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - D C Cooper
- Target Sciences Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - D Lugo
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - G Mehta
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - S Taylor
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - P P Tak
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - R K Prinjha
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - H D Lewis
- Immuno-Inflammation Therapy Area, GlaxoSmithKline, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - V M Holers
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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18
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Koushik S, Joshi N, Nagaraju S, Mahmood S, Mudeenahally K, Padmavathy R, Jegatheesan SK, Mullangi R, Rajagopal S. PAD4: pathophysiology, current therapeutics and future perspective in rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:433-447. [PMID: 28281906 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1294160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is an enzyme that plays an important role in gene expression, turning out genetic code into functional products in the body. It is involved in a key post translational modification, which involves the conversion of arginine to citrulline. It regulates various processes such as apoptosis, innate immunity and pluripotency, while its dysregulation has a great impact on the genesis of various diseases. Over the last few years PAD4 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the basic structure and function of PAD4, along with the role of altered PAD4 activity in the onset of RA and other maladies. We also elucidate the role of PAD4 variants in etiology of RA among several ethnic groups and the current pre-clinical inhibitors to regulate PAD4. Expert opinion: Citrullination has a crucial role in RA and several other disorders. Since PAD4 is an initiator of the citrullination, it is an important therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases. Therefore, an in depth knowledge of the roles and activity of PAD4 is required to explore more effective ways to conquer PAD4 related ailments, especially RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Koushik
- a Bioinformatics , Jubilant Biosys Ltd ., Bangalore , India
| | - Nivedita Joshi
- a Bioinformatics , Jubilant Biosys Ltd ., Bangalore , India
| | | | - Sameer Mahmood
- a Bioinformatics , Jubilant Biosys Ltd ., Bangalore , India
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19
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Hegab MM, Abdelwahab AF, El-Sayed Yousef AM, Salem MN, El-Baz W, Abdelrhman S, Elshabacy F, Alhefny A, Abouraya W, Ibrahim SM, Ragab G, Rudolph JM. CD28 and PTPN22 are associated with susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis in Egyptians. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:522-6. [PMID: 27125674 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limited data are available on the genetics of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Egyptians. Therefore, we investigated whether the confirmed genetic risk factors for RA in Europeans and/or Asians contribute to RA susceptibility in Egyptians. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A set of seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vicinity of CD28, TNFAIP3, PTPN22, PADI4 and HLA-DRA were tested in a large multi-centric RA cohort in Egypt, consisting of 394 cases and 398 matched controls. Patients were stratified based on the positivity of either anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) or rheumatoid factor (RF). RESULTS Significant association was evident for three SNPs in this cohort: the CD28 (rs1980422) variant showed a strong association in the whole cohort (P=0.000119) and in seropositive subsets of the disease (PACPA+=0.004; PRF+=0.0005). Upon stratification, the PTPN22 (rs2476601) and TNFAIP3(rs5029939) variants showed association only with ACPA positive (PACPA+=0.00573) and negative (PACPA-=0.00999) phenotypes, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that CD28(rs1980422) and PTPN22(rs2476601) contribute to RA-susceptibility in Egyptians. Failure to replicate the association of PADI4(rs2240340)/(PADI4_94) in Egyptian RA patients provides further support for the notion that genetic architecture of RA is different in multiple populations of European, Asian, African, and Middle Eastern ancestries. Further investigation using large-scale studies is thus needed to maximize the power of genetic association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen M Hegab
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt (Scopus affiliation ID 60014618); Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Aml Fawzy Abdelwahab
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Department of Reproductive Medicine, Division of Medical Research, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 EL Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza P.O.12622, Egypt (Scopus affiliation ID 60014618)
| | | | - Mohamed Nabil Salem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt
| | - Walaa El-Baz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | - Sherry Abdelrhman
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt
| | - Fatemah Elshabacy
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt
| | - Abdelazim Alhefny
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt
| | - Wagida Abouraya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Egypt
| | | | - Gaafar Ragab
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Vernerova L, Spoutil F, Vlcek M, Krskova K, Penesova A, Meskova M, Marko A, Raslova K, Vohnout B, Rovensky J, Killinger Z, Jochmanova I, Lazurova I, Steiner G, Smolen J, Imrich R. A Combination of CD28 (rs1980422) and IRF5 (rs10488631) Polymorphisms Is Associated with Seropositivity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153316. [PMID: 27092776 PMCID: PMC4836711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of the study was to analyse genetic architecture of RA by utilizing multiparametric statistical methods such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). Methods A total of 1393 volunteers, 499 patients with RA and 894 healthy controls were included in the study. The presence of shared epitope (SE) in HLA-DRB1 and 11 SNPs (PTPN22 C/T (rs2476601), STAT4 G/T (rs7574865), CTLA4 A/G (rs3087243), TRAF1/C5 A/G (rs3761847), IRF5 T/C (rs10488631), TNFAIP3 C/T (rs5029937), AFF3 A/T (rs11676922), PADI4 C/T (rs2240340), CD28 T/C (rs1980422), CSK G/A (rs34933034) and FCGR3A A/C (rs396991), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti–citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and clinical status was analysed using the LDA and RDA. Results HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, STAT4, IRF5 and PADI4 significantly discriminated between RA patients and healthy controls in LDA. The correlation between RA diagnosis and the explanatory variables in the model was 0.328 (Trace = 0.107; F = 13.715; P = 0.0002). The risk variants of IRF5 and CD28 genes were found to be common determinants for seropositivity in RDA, while positivity of RF alone was associated with the CTLA4 risk variant in heterozygous form. The correlation between serologic status and genetic determinants on the 1st ordinal axis was 0.468, and 0.145 on the 2nd one (Trace = 0.179; F = 6.135; P = 0.001). The risk alleles in AFF3 gene together with the presence of ACPA were associated with higher clinical severity of RA. Conclusions The association among multiple risk variants related to T cell receptor signalling with seropositivity may play an important role in distinct clinical phenotypes of RA. Our study demonstrates that multiparametric analyses represent a powerful tool for investigation of mutual relationships of potential risk factors in complex diseases such as RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vernerova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vlcek
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Krskova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Adela Penesova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Milada Meskova
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Marko
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Jozef Rovensky
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, Piešťany, Slovakia
| | - Zdenko Killinger
- 5th Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty of Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Jochmanova
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ivica Lazurova
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Guenter Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Smolen
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Imrich
- Institute of Clinical and Translational Research, Biomedical Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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21
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Damgaard D, Senolt L, Nielsen CH. Increased levels of peptidylarginine deiminase 2 in synovial fluid from anti-CCP-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients: Association with disease activity and inflammatory markers. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 55:918-27. [PMID: 26880831 PMCID: PMC5854038 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2) in SF of RA patients and OA patients, and to determine the association between PAD2 levels, disease activity and inflammatory markers in RA. METHODS Blood and SF samples were obtained from 39 RA patients and 40 patients with OA. PAD2 content and PAD activity were measured by means of in-house assays. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS PAD2 levels and PAD activity were higher in SF from RA than OA patients (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively), as were all cytokine levels (P < 0.0001-0.05). SF PAD2 levels were higher among anti-CCP-positive patients than among anti-CCP-negative patients (P = 0.005). PAD2 levels in SF from RA patients correlated with disease activity, as assessed by DAS28 (P < 0.005). Moreover, SF PAD2 levels correlated with circulating CRP and anti-CCP levels (P < 0.0006), as well as with leucocyte count, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 levels in SF (P < 0.0001-0.02). PAD activity in SF was higher in RA patients than in OA patients, and correlated with PAD2 concentration. CONCLUSION Extracellular PAD2 levels in SF correlate with disease activity in RA patients. Anti-CCP-positive RA patients have higher PAD2 levels in SF than anti-CCP-negative RA patients and OA patients. Since we could demonstrate enzymatically active PADs in SF, we propose that free, extracellular PAD is of pathogenic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dres Damgaard
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and
| | - Ladislav Senolt
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Section for Periodontology, Microbiology and Community Dentistry, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark and
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
| | - Zhanguo Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Peking University People's Hospital; Beijing China
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23
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Association between susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis and PADI4 polymorphisms: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 35:961-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Yang XK, Liu J, Liu J, Liang Y, Xu WD, Leng RX, Pan HF, Ye DQ. Associations Between PADI4 Gene Polymorphisms and Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Updated Meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2015; 46:317-25. [PMID: 26043831 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Studies investigating the association between the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) reported conflicting results. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the association between PADI4 gene polymorphisms and RA. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the strength of the association. RESULTS A total of 34 studies from 28 articles involving 19859 patients with RA and 25771 healthy controls were included. Significant association of PADI4-94G/A polymorphism and RA was observed (OR = 0.891, 95% CI = 0.833-0.954, p = 0.001) in the overall study population and in the Asian populations (OR = 0.824, 95% CI = 0.759-0.894, p = 0.000) respectively. For the -92C/G polymorphism, a significant association was observed (OR = 1.481, 95% CI = 1.166-1.882, p = 0.001) in Africans. For the -90C/T polymorphism, a significant association was observed (OR = 0.576, 95% CI = 0.381-0.872, p = 0.009) in the Latin American population. The pooled estimates for the other polymorphisms were not statistically significantly associated with RA (PADI4-104C/T, -89A/G, -96T/C). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates that PADI4-94G/A polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to RA in the overall population and in the Asian population. The PADI4 -92C/G polymorphism confers susceptibility to RA in Africans and the PADI4-90C/T polymorphism was associated with RA in the Latin American population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ke Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Yan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wang-Dong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Rui-Xue Leng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Hai-Feng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dong-Qing Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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Guzmán-Guzmán IP, Reyes-Castillo Z, Muñoz-Barrios S, Ruiz-Noa Y, Martínez-Bonilla GE, Parra-Rojas I, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Muñoz-Valle JF. Polymorphisms and functional haplotype in PADI4: further evidence for contribution on rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in a western Mexican population. Immunol Lett 2015; 163:214-20. [PMID: 25562673 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase IV (PADI4) enzyme catalyzes the citrullination of proteins, which are recognized by anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Here, we determined the association between PADI4 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with RA susceptibility and clinical characteristics in a western Mexican population. The relationship of PADI4 polymorphisms with anti-CCP and PADI4 mRNA expression was also evaluated. PADI4_89, PADI4_90 and PADI4_92 polymorphisms were individually associated with RA susceptibility. The GTG haplotype was significantly associated with: RA susceptibility; disease onset at ≤ 40 years and anti-CCP antibodies. PADI4 expression was three fold higher in RA patients carrying the susceptibility haplotype (GTG) than in non-susceptibility haplotype carriers (ACC). In conclusion, polymorphisms and functional haplotype (GTG) in PADI4 are associated with RA susceptibility as well as anti-CCP antibodies in a Mexican population. This supports the role of PADI4 early in RA pathogenesis by promoting the generation of citrullinated autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Paola Guzmán-Guzmán
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Zyanya Reyes-Castillo
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Salvador Muñoz-Barrios
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Yeniley Ruiz-Noa
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaría de Salud Jalisco, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Korczowska I. Rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility genes: An overview. World J Orthop 2014; 5:544-549. [PMID: 25232530 PMCID: PMC4133460 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i4.544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease sustained by genetic factors. Various aspects of the genetic contribution to the pathogenetics and outcome of RA are still unknown. Several genes have been indicated so far in the pathogenesis of RA. Apart from human leukocyte antigen, large genome wide association studies have identified many loci involved in RA pathogenesis. These genes include protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 22, Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase type IV, signal transducer and activator of transcription 4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, tumor necrosis factor-receptor associated factor 1/complement component 5, tumor necrosis factor and others. It is important to determine whether a combination of RA risk alleles are able to identify patients who will develop certain clinical outcomes, such myocardium infarction, severe infection or lymphoma, as well as to identify patients who will respond to biological medication therapy.
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27
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Zhang R, Luan M, Shang Z, Duan L, Tang G, Shi M, Lv W, Zhu H, Li J, Lv H, Zhang M, Liu G, Chen H, Jiang Y. RADB: a database of rheumatoid arthritis-related polymorphisms. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2014; 2014:bau090. [PMID: 25228593 PMCID: PMC4164886 DOI: 10.1093/database/bau090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that has a complex genetic basis. Therefore, it is important to explore the genetic background of RA. The extensive recent application of polymorphic genetic markers, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms, has presented us with a large quantity of genetic data. In this study, we developed the Database of Rheumatoid Arthritis-related Polymorphisms (RADB), to integrate all the RA-related genetic polymorphisms and provide a useful resource for researchers. We manually extracted the RA-related polymorphisms from 686 published reports, including RA susceptibility loci, polymorphisms associated with particular clinical features of RA, polymorphisms associated with drug response in RA and polymorphisms associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in RA. Currently, RADB V1.0 contains 3235 polymorphisms that are associated with 636 genes and refer to 68 countries. The detailed information extracted from the literature includes basic information about the articles (e.g. PubMed ID, title and abstract), population information (e.g. country, geographic area and sample size) and polymorphism information (e.g. polymorphism name, gene, genotype, odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, P-value and risk allele). Meanwhile, useful annotations, such as hyperlinks to dbSNP, GenBank, UCSC, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, are included. In addition, a tool for meta-analysis was developed to summarize the results of multiple studies. The database is freely available at http://www.bioapp.org/RADB. Database URL:http://www.bioapp.org/RADB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Meiwei Luan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhenwei Shang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lian Duan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guoping Tang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Miao Shi
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Wenhua Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hongjie Zhu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jin Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hongchao Lv
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Mingming Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guiyou Liu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - He Chen
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China zhangruijie
| | - Yongshuai Jiang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China, Yiwu Hospital, Zhejiang University, Yiwu 322000, China, Genome Analysis Laboratory, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China, Depatment of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
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Govind N, Choudhury A, Hodkinson B, Ickinger C, Frost J, Lee A, Gregersen PK, Reynolds RJ, Bridges SL, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Tikly M. Immunochip identifies novel, and replicates known, genetic risk loci for rheumatoid arthritis in black South Africans. Mol Med 2014; 20:341-9. [PMID: 25014791 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in black South Africans. Black South African RA patients (n = 263) were compared with healthy controls (n = 374). Genotyping was performed using the Immunochip, and four-digit high-resolution human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing was performed by DNA sequencing of exon 2. Standard quality control measures were implemented on the data. The strongest associations were in the intergenic region between the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1 loci. After conditioning on HLA-DRB1 alleles, the effect in the rest of the extended major histocompatibility (MHC) diminished. Non-HLA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the intergenic regions LOC389203|RBPJ, LOC100131131|IL1R1, KIAA1919|REV3L, LOC643749|TRAF3IP2, and SNPs in the intron and untranslated regions (UTR) of IRF1 and the intronic region of ICOS and KIAA1542 showed association with RA (p < 5 × 10(-5)). Of the SNPs previously associated with RA in Caucasians, one SNP, rs874040, locating to the intergenic region LOC389203|RBPJ was replicated in this study. None of the variants in the PTPN22 gene was significantly associated. The seropositive subgroups showed similar results to the overall cohort. The effects observed across the HLA region are most likely due to HLA-DRB1, and secondary effects in the extended MHC cannot be detected. Seven non-HLA loci are associated with RA in black South Africans. Similar to Caucasians, the intergenic region between LOC38920 and RBPJ is associated with RA in this population. The strong association of the R620W variant of the PTPN22 gene with RA in Caucasians was not replicated since this variant was monomorphic in our study, but other SNP variants of the PTPN22 gene were also not associated with RA in black South Africans, suggesting that this locus does not play a major role in RA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmisha Govind
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Bridget Hodkinson
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Claudia Ickinger
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jacqueline Frost
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Annette Lee
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Richard J Reynolds
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - S Louis Bridges
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Tikly
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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29
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Chang X, Xia Y, Pan J, Meng Q, Zhao Y, Yan X. PADI2 is significantly associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81259. [PMID: 24339914 PMCID: PMC3855321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination, a posttranslational modification of peptidyl arginine to citrulline, plays an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Citrullination is catalyzed by a group of peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) including PADI 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6. Many studies have indicated that the gene encoding PADI4 is a factor in susceptibility to RA. Some studies have detected PADI2 expression in RA synovial tissues, suggesting that PADI2 also plays an important role in the disease. This study evaluated the possible association between the PADI2-encoding gene and RA. Seventeen tag SNPs across the PAD locus were genotyped using a custom-designed Illumina 96-SNP VeraCode microarray. Peripheral blood samples were collected from patients with RA (n = 267), ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n = 51) and healthy controls (n = 160). The results of genotyping were verified using Sequenom MassARRAY in an independent cohort of 307 patients with RA, 324 patients with AS and 509 healthy controls. A western blot analysis was performed using synovial tissue from patients with RA (n = 7), osteoarthritis (OA, n = 7) and AS (n = 5) to determine the levels of expression of PADI2. A microarray analysis revealed a significant association between three selected PADI2 SNPs (rs2235926, rs2057094, rs2076616) and the presence of RA. The increased susceptibility to RA associated with rs2235926 (OR = 1.706733, 95% CI = [1.576366–1.866587], p = 0.000839) and rs2057094 (OR = 1.360432, 95% CI = [1.065483–1.869482], p = 0.003291) was further confirmed by the Sequenom MassARRAY. No tag SNPs in the PADI2 locus showed a significant association with AS. Increased expression of PADI2 was detected in RA synovial tissues compared with samples from patients with OA and AS. PADI2 is significantly associated with RA and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Chang
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yifang Xia
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Meng
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xinfeng Yan
- Medical Research Center of Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Chatzikyriakidou A, Voulgari PV, Lambropoulos A, Drosos AA. Genetics in rheumatoid arthritis beyond HLA genes: what meta-analyses have shown? Semin Arthritis Rheum 2013; 43:29-38. [PMID: 23768941 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disorder with many genetic and environmental factors to account for disease susceptibility. Individual genetic association studies usually suffer from small sample size leading to biased results of polymorphisms association with RA liability. Therefore, meta-analyses seem to resolve this limitation, up to a point, increasing the power of statistical analyses. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of non-HLA genetic factors contributing to RA predisposition based on meta-analyses. METHODS Using the key words: rheumatoid arthritis, meta-analysis, and polymorphism, we searched the PubMed database for the associated articles. Up to the middle of November 2012, seventy-nine articles fulfilled the criteria and highlighted the current findings on the genetic factors contributing to RA susceptibility. RESULTS The association with RA was confirmed for 32 gene polymorphisms, being population specific in some cases. However, meta-analyses did not confirm an association in case of 16 gene variants, previously studied in individual studies for their association with RA. CONCLUSIONS The use of bioinformatics tools and functional studies of the summarized implicated genes in RA pathogenesis could shed light on the molecular pathways related to the disorder, helping to the development of new drug targets for a better treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthoula Chatzikyriakidou
- Laboratory of General Biology and Genetics, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ruyssen-Witrand A, Constantin A, Cambon-Thomsen A, Thomsen M. New insights into the genetics of immune responses in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 80:105-18. [PMID: 22835281 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2012.01939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. Numerous aberrant immune responses have been described during the evolution of the disease. In later years, the appearance of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) has become a hallmark for the diagnosis and prognosis of RA. The post-translational transformation of arginine residues of proteins and peptides into citrulline (citrullination) is a natural process in the body, but for unknown reasons autoreactivity towards citrullinated residues may develop in disposed individuals. ACPAs are often found years before clinical manifestations. ACPAs are present in about 70% of RA patients and constitute an important disease marker, distinguishing patient groups with different prognoses and different responses to various treatments. Inside the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region, some HLA-DRB1 alleles are strongly associated with their production. Genome-wide association studies in large patient cohorts have defined a great number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) outside of the HLA region that are associated with ACPA positive (ACPA+) RA. The SNPs are generally located close to or within genes involved in the immune response or signal transduction in immune cells. Some environmental factors such as tobacco smoking are also positively correlated with ACPA production. In this review, we will describe the genes and loci associated with ACPA+ RA or ACPA- RA and attempt to clarify their potential role in the development of the disease.
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Suzuki T, Ikari K, Yano K, Inoue E, Toyama Y, Taniguchi A, Yamanaka H, Momohara S. PADI4 and HLA-DRB1 are genetic risks for radiographic progression in RA patients, independent of ACPA status: results from the IORRA cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61045. [PMID: 23577190 PMCID: PMC3620057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, chronic inflammatory disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, leading to joint destruction and functional impairment. Recently, a large-scaled GWAS meta-analysis using more than 37,000 Japanese samples were conducted and 13 RA susceptibility loci were identified. However, it is not clear whether these loci have significant impact on joint destruction or not. This is the first study focused on the 13 loci to investigate independent genetic risk factors for radiographic progression in the first five years from onset of RA. Methods Sharp/van der Heijde score of hands at 5-year disease duration, which represents joint damage, were measured retrospectively and used as an outcome variable in 865 Japanese RA patients. Genetic factors regarded as putative risk factors were RA-susceptible polymorphisms identified by the Japanese GWAS meta-analysis, including HLA-DRB1 (shared epitope, SE), rs2240340 (PADI4), rs2230926 (TNFAIP3), rs3093024 (CCR6), rs11900673 (B3GNT2), rs2867461 (ANXA3), rs657075 (CSF2), rs12529514 (CD83), rs2233434 (NFKBIE), rs10821944 (ARID5B), rs3781913 (PDE2A-ARAP1), rs2841277 (PLD4) and rs2847297 (PTPN2). These putative genetic risk factors were assessed by a stepwise multiple regression analysis adjusted for possible non-genetic risk factors: autoantibody positivity (anti-citrullinated peptide antibody [ACPA] and rheumatoid factor), history of smoking, gender and age at disease onset. Results The number of SE alleles (P = 0.002) and risk alleles of peptidyl arginine deiminase type IV gene (PADI4, P = 0.04) had significant impact on progressive joint destruction, as well as following non-genetic factors: ACPA positive (P = 0.0006), female sex (P = 0.006) and younger age of onset (P = 0.02). Conclusions In the present study, we found that PADI4 risk allele and HLA-DRB1 shared epitope are independent genetic risks for radiographic progression in Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients. The results of this study give important knowledge of the risks on progressive joint damage in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Suzuki
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Koichiro Yano
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eisuke Inoue
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuo Taniguchi
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamanaka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Momohara
- Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Llamas-Covarrubias MA, Valle Y, Bucala R, Navarro-Hernández RE, Palafox-Sánchez CA, Padilla-Gutiérrez JR, Parra-Rojas I, Bernard-Medina AG, Reyes-Castillo Z, Muñoz-Valle JF. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF): genetic evidence for participation in early onset and early stage rheumatoid arthritis. Cytokine 2013; 61:759-65. [PMID: 23402792 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream pro-inflammatory cytokine that is associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two polymorphisms in the upstream region exist in the MIF gene and are associated with RA susceptibility or severity in different populations. In this case-control study, we investigated whether MIF polymorphisms are associated with RA susceptibility or activity in a western Mexican population .The relationship of MIF levels with clinical features of disease also was assessed. Genotyping of the -794 CATT5-8 (rs5844572) and the -173 G>C (rs755622) polymorphisms was performed by PCR and PCR-RFLP respectively on 226 RA patients and 210 healthy subjects. Serum MIF levels were determined by ELISA. We found a significant association between the -794 CATT5-8 6,7 MIF genotype with RA. Moreover, we detected an association between the -794 CATT7 allele with early onset RA. The -794 CATT7 and -173(*)C alleles, which are in linkage disequilibrium, were associated with high disease activity on RA patients. A positive correlation between circulating MIF levels and C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein/peptides antibodies and TNFα was detected. MIF levels appear to be associated with disease progression rather than disease activity, which is distinct from the established relationship between disease activity and TNFα levels. In conclusion, the MIF gene and protein are associated with RA in a western Mexican population, with a main contribution onto early onset and early stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Llamas-Covarrubias
- Functional Immunogenetics Group and PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Teo CY, Shave S, Chor ALT, Salleh AB, Rahman MBBA, Walkinshaw MD, Tejo BA. Discovery of a new class of inhibitors for the protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) by structure-based virtual screening. BMC Bioinformatics 2012; 13 Suppl 17:S4. [PMID: 23282142 PMCID: PMC3521205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-13-s17-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology. Anticitrullinated protein autoantibody has been documented as a highly specific autoantibody associated with RA. Protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of peptidylarginine into peptidylcitrulline. PAD4 is a new therapeutic target for RA treatment. In order to search for inhibitors of PAD4, structure-based virtual screening was performed using LIDAEUS (Ligand discovery at Edinburgh university). Potential inhibitors were screened experimentally by inhibition assays. RESULTS Twenty two of the top-ranked water-soluble compounds were selected for inhibitory screening against PAD4. Three compounds showed significant inhibition of PAD4 and their IC50 values were investigated. The structures of the three compounds show no resemblance with previously discovered PAD4 inhibitors, nor with existing drugs for RA treatment. CONCLUSION Three compounds were discovered as potential inhibitors of PAD4 by virtual screening. The compounds are commercially available and can be used as scaffolds to design more potent inhibitors against PAD4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian Ying Teo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
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Too CL, Murad S, Dhaliwal JS, Larsson P, Jiang X, Ding B, Alfredsson L, Klareskog L, Padyukov L. Polymorphisms in peptidylarginine deiminase associate with rheumatoid arthritis in diverse Asian populations: evidence from MyEIRA study and meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R250. [PMID: 23164236 PMCID: PMC3674620 DOI: 10.1186/ar4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The majority of our knowledge regarding disease-related mechanisms of uncontrolled citrullination and anti-citrullinated protein antibody development in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was investigated in Caucasian populations. However, peptidylarginine deiminase (PADI) type 4 gene polymorphisms are associated with RA in East Asian populations and weak or no association was found in Caucasian populations. This study explores the association between the PADI4 polymorphisms and RA risk in a multiethnic population residing in South East Asia with the goal of elucidating generalizability of association in non-Caucasian populations. Methods A total of 320 SNPs from the PADI locus (including PADI1, PADI2, PADI3, PADI4 and PADI6 genes) were genotyped in 1,238 RA cases and 1,571 control subjects from the Malaysian Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (MyEIRA) case-control study. Additionally, we conducted meta-analysis of our data together with the previously published studies of RA from East Asian populations. Results The overall odds ratio (ORoverall) for the PADI4 (rs2240340) allelic model was 1.11 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00 to 1.23, P = 0.04) and for the genotypic model was 1.20 (95% CI = 1.01 to 1.44, P = 0.04). Haplotype analysis for four selected PADI4 SNPs revealed a significant association of one with susceptibility (P = 0.001) and of another with a protective effect (P = 0.02). The RA susceptibility was further confirmed when combined meta-analysis was performed using these data together with data from five previously published studies from Asia comprising 5,192 RA cases and 4,317 control subjects (ORoverall = 1.23 (95% CI = 1.16 to 1.31, Pheterogeneity = 0.08) and 1.31 (95% CI = 1.20 to 1.44, Pheterogeneity = 0.32) in allele and genotype-based models, respectively). In addition, we also detected a novel association of PADI2 genetic variant rs1005753 with RA (ORoverall = 0.87 (95% CI = 0.77 to 0.99)). Conclusion Our study demonstrates an association between PADI4 and RA in the multiethnic population from South East Asia and suggests additional association with a PADI2 gene. The study thus provides further support for the notion that polymorphisms in genes for enzymes responsible for citrullination contribute to RA development in multiple populations of Asian descent.
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Jacob N, Jacob CO. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis: an impressionist perspective. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2012; 38:243-57. [PMID: 22819082 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common rheumatic disease. The genetic basis of RA is supported through the identification of more than 30 susceptibility genetic variants. Each of these genes individually makes only a slight contribution to the risk of disease. Moreover, there is significant disparity in the genetic variants associated with different RA subgroups and patient ethnicities, which emphasizes the intricate nature of the disease's pathogenesis, and the complexities involved in large-scale genetic studies. This review evaluates critically the recent literature on the genetic contribution to RA and assesses the methodology used to identify these risk alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Jacob
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue HMR 703, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Hou S, Gao GP, Zhang XJ, Sun L, Peng WJ, Wang HF, Ge XJ, Huang W, Sun YH. PADI4 polymorphisms and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Mod Rheumatol 2012; 23:50-60. [PMID: 22552437 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the association between peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) polymorphism and susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). An electronic searching strategy was employed to collect relevant studies on the association between PADI4 polymorphism and susceptibility to RA. The odds ratio (OR) with the 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) was used to evaluate the RA risk presented by PADI4 polymorphism. Fixed or random effects models were selected based on heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's test. A total of 27 studies from 21 articles were included. Six gene loci (padi4_94, 104, 92, 90, 89, and 100) were chosen for the meta-analysis. The pooled ORs (95 % CI) for allele 2 versus 1 were 1.08 (1.05-1.12), 1.17 (1.12-1.23), 1.26 (1.18-1.36), 1.17 (1.10-1.24), 1.30 (1.17-1.44), and 1.25 (1.11-1.40), respectively. All six SNPs were significantly associated with RA in Asian populations. Three SNPs (PADI4_104, 90, 89) showed significant associations, while the other three SNPs (PADI4_94, 92, 100) exhibited no associations in the European population. A dose-response relationship between allele 2 of PADI4 and the risk of RA was also identified. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that PADI4 polymorphisms represent a significant risk factor for RA, especially in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, People's Republic of China
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Lack of association between PADI4 polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis in the Tunisian population. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79:329-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Cheng J, Zhang H, Zhuang C, Liu R. Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 and methyl-CpG binding domain 4 polymorphisms in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:1159-65. [PMID: 22505706 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peptidylarginine deiminase type 4 (PADI4) and methyl-CpG binding domain 4 (MBD4) are closely related with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that PADI4 and MBD4 polymorphisms may contribute to RA susceptibility. METHODS We studied PADI4 rs2240340 G/A, PADI4 rs874881 C/G, MBD4 rs140693 G/A, and MBD4 rs2005618 T/C gene polymorphisms in 329 patients with RA and 697 controls in a Chinese population. Genotyping was done using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). RESULTS When the PADI4 rs2240340 GG homozygote genotype was used as the reference group, the AA genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of RA. In the recessive model, when PADI4 rs2240340 GG/GA genotypes were used as the reference group, the AA homozygote genotype was associated with a significant increased susceptibility to RA. PADI4 rs874881 C/G was in complete linkage disequilibrium with PADI4 rs2240340 G/A. MBD4 rs140693 G/A and MBD4 rs2005618 T/C polymorphisms were not associated with the risk of RA. In stratification analyses, a significantly increased risk for RA associated with the PADI4 rs2240340 AA genotype was evident among older patients and patients who were anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA)-positive compared with the PADI4 rs2240340 GG/GA genotype. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the functional single-nucleotide polymorphism PADI4 rs2240340 G/A variant allele is associated with RA development, especially among older patients and ACPA-positive patients. However, our results were obtained from a moderate-sized sample, and therefore this is a preliminary conclusion. Validation by a larger study from a more diverse ethnic population is needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinluo Cheng
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Department of Orthopedics, and Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou Second People’s Hospital, Changzhou, China
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Abd-Allah SH, El-Shal AS, Shalaby SM, Pasha HF, El-Saoud AMA, El-Najjar AR, El-Shahawy EE. PADI4 polymorphisms and related haplotype in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Joint Bone Spine 2012; 79:124-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Shi J, Zhou L, Zhernakova A, Qian J, Zhu F, Sun G, Zhu L, Ma X, Dijkstra G, Wijmenga C, Faber KN, Lu X, Weersma RK. Haplotype-based analysis of ulcerative colitis risk loci identifies both IL2 and IL21 as susceptibility genes in Han Chinese. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:2472-9. [PMID: 21648020 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) varies between Western and Eastern ethnicities. A distinct genetic background may play a role in the differences. Until now, very little was known of the UC genetics in Asian populations. Here we performed a haplotype-based analysis of six known UC susceptibility loci in Han Chinese patients. METHODS In all, 245 UC patients and 300 healthy controls of Han Chinese descent were genotyped for 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which cover the major haplotypes of the chromosome regions containing IL10, IL2/IL21, MYO9B, ECM1, MST1, and IL23R in Han Chinese. RESULTS In contrast to the tight linkage disequilibrium (LD) block of the IL2/IL21 region in Caucasians, IL2 and IL21 reside in two independent LD blocks in Han Chinese. The IL2 SNP rs2069762 (P = 7.0 × 10(-4) , odds ratio [OR] = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-1.99) and the IL21 SNP rs2055979 (P = 1.2 × 10(-4) , OR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.17-1.92) were independently associated with UC. We identified one risk haplotype in IL2 and another independent risk haplotype in IL21. In addition to the IL2/IL21 locus, we observed association of the TT genotype of SNP rs1545620 in MYO9B with UC (P = 0.0169; OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11-0.78) and association of rs17375018 in IL23R with pancolitis in Chinese UC patients (P = 0.002; OR = 2.38, 95% CI 1.41-4.02). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirmed the association of the IL2/IL21 region with UC in Han Chinese patients, and further implied both IL2 and IL21 as genetic risk factors for UC. Han Chinese UC patients share part of their genetic susceptibility with Caucasian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
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Nakaoka H, Cui T, Tajima A, Oka A, Mitsunaga S, Kashiwase K, Homma Y, Sato S, Suzuki Y, Inoko H, Inoue I. A systems genetics approach provides a bridge from discovered genetic variants to biological pathways in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25389. [PMID: 21980439 PMCID: PMC3182219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded novel genetic loci underlying common diseases. We propose a systems genetics approach to utilize these discoveries for better understanding of the genetic architecture of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Current evidence of genetic associations with RA was sought through PubMed and the NHGRI GWAS catalog. The associations of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms and HLA-DRB1 alleles were confirmed in 1,287 cases and 1,500 controls of Japanese subjects. Among these, HLA-DRB1 alleles and eight SNPs showed significant associations and all but one of the variants had the same direction of effect as identified in the previous studies, indicating that the genetic risk factors underlying RA are shared across populations. By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) for the genetic risk score based on the selected variants was 68.4%. For seropositive RA patients only, the AUC improved to 70.9%, indicating good but suboptimal predictive ability. A simulation study shows that more than 200 additional loci with similar effect size as recent GWAS findings or 20 rare variants with intermediate effects are needed to achieve AUC = 80.0%. We performed the random walk with restart (RWR) algorithm to prioritize genes for future mapping studies. The performance of the algorithm was confirmed by leave-one-out cross-validation. The RWR algorithm pointed to ZAP70 in the first rank, in which mutation causes RA-like autoimmune arthritis in mice. By applying the hierarchical clustering method to a subnetwork comprising RA-associated genes and top-ranked genes by the RWR, we found three functional modules relevant to RA etiology: "leukocyte activation and differentiation", "pattern-recognition receptor signaling pathway", and "chemokines and their receptors".These results suggest that the systems genetics approach is useful to find directions of future mapping strategies to illuminate biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Nakaoka
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tailin Cui
- Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tajima
- Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Human Genetics and Public Health, Institute of Health Biosciences, The University of Tokusima Graduate School, Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Akira Oka
- Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mitsunaga
- Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Kashiwase
- Department of Laboratory, Japanese Red Cross Tokyo Blood Center, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Homma
- Department of Clinical Health Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shinji Sato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ituro Inoue
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
- Division of Molecular Life Science, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan
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43
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Quirke AM, Fisher BAC, Kinloch AJ, Venables PJ. Citrullination of autoantigens: upstream of TNFα in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3681-8. [PMID: 21704035 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by synovial inflammation and destruction of joints. Over 20 years ago, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) was identified as a key player in a cytokine network, whose multifunctional effects could account for both the inflammation and destruction in RA. The remarkable efficacy of TNF inhibitors in the treatment of RA has resulted in extensive research addressing the regulation of TNFα production responsible for this excessive production. The discovery of autoimmunity to citrullinated protein/peptide antigens (ACPA) has led the concept that ACPA may be the essential link between disease susceptibility factors and the production of TNFα, which ultimately accounts for the disease phenotype. In this review we will consider (1) the mechanisms of citrullination, both physiological and pathological, (2) how known genetic and environmental factors could drive this peculiar form of autoimmunity and (3) how the immune response could lead to excessive production of TNFα by the synovial cells and ultimately to the disease phenotype (Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Quirke
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College London, London, UK
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44
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Abstract
The study of complex genetics in autoimmune diseases has progressed at a tremendous pace over the last 4 years, as a direct result of the enormous gains made by genome wide association studies (GWAS). Novel genetic findings are continuously being reported alongside the rapid development of genetic technologies, sophisticated statistical analysis, and larger sample collections. It is now becoming clear that multiple genes contribute to disease risk in many complex genetic disorders including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and that there are common genetic risk factors that underlie a spectrum of autoimmune diseases. This review details the current genetic landscape of RA, and describes what GWAS has taught us in terms of missing heritability, subsets of disease, existence of genetic heterogeneity, and shared autoimmune risk loci. Finally, this review addresses the initial challenges faced in translating the wealth of genetic findings into determining the biological mechanisms that contribute to the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Unraveling the mechanism of how genes directly influence the cause of RA will lead to a better understanding of the disease and will ultimately have a direct clinical impact, informing the development of new therapies that can be utilized in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate McAllister
- Arthritis Research United Kingdom Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Eyre
- Arthritis Research United Kingdom Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Gisela Orozco
- Arthritis Research United Kingdom Epidemiology Unit, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UK
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45
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Non-HLA genes modulate the risk of rheumatoid arthritis associated with HLA-DRB1 in a susceptible North American Native population. Genes Immun 2011; 12:568-74. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2011.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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46
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Perricone C, Ceccarelli F, Valesini G. An overview on the genetic of rheumatoid arthritis: a never-ending story. Autoimmun Rev 2011; 10:599-608. [PMID: 21545847 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic, inflammatory, multi-factorial disease sustained by environmental and genetic factors. These seem to be necessary but not sufficient in the disease development, nonetheless they can be responsible of different clinical pictures and response to therapy, and they can represent potential therapeutic targets. Several genes have been indicated so far in the pathogenesis of RA. The most important region is the Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) that contributes to approximately half of the genetic susceptibility for RA. The association seems to be stronger or specific for anti-citrullinated protein antibodies positive disease. Several alleles in the epitope-recognition part of the HLA molecule that show the highest association with RA susceptibility, also share a common string of amminoacid residues (the so-called shared-epitope hypothesis). Other variants in potentially pathogenic genes located in non-MHC regions have been implicated by recently performed genome wide analysis studies. These genes include PTPN22, TRAF1-C5, PADI4, STAT4. Other polymorphisms seem to be responsible for more aggressive disease phenotype such as those located at TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-4, IL-5, OPN, PRF1. However, still nowadays, the genetic background of RA remains to be clearly depicted, and the efforts in the post-genomic era can bring to an estimation of the real likelihood of the genetic effect on RA. Finally, the discovery of new genes associated with the disease can be relevant in finding potential biomarkers, potentially useful in disease diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Perricone
- Reumatologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy.
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47
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Méchin MC, Nachat R, Coudane F, Adoue V, Arnaud J, Serre G, Simon M. [Deimination or citrullination, a post-translational modification with many physiological and pathophysiological facets]. Med Sci (Paris) 2011; 27:49-54. [PMID: 21299962 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201127149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Deimination or citrullination, is a post-translational modification with many facets. It is involved in several basic cellular processes, including gene regulation, embryonic development and terminal differentiation, and also in various pathophysiological mechanisms linked to severe human diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Deimination, the calcium-dependent enzymatic conversion of peptidyl-arginine to peptidyl-citrulline, induces a decrease in the charge of the modified proteins with major consequences on their conformation, stability and/or interactions, and therefore on their functions. Five isotypes of peptidylarginine deiminases (1-4 and 6), exist in humans with a variable tissue expression. These highly conserved enzymes are closely regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, probably including auto-deimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Méchin
- UMR 5165 CNRS/ Université Paul Sabatier, Hôpital Purpan, place du Docteur Baylac, TSA 40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France. marie-claire.mechin@ udear.cnrs.fr
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48
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Wagner U. [Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis]. Z Rheumatol 2011; 70:186-8, 190-1. [PMID: 21359557 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-010-0690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Genetic influences on susceptibility to and clinical course of rheumatoid arthritis have been known for a long time, but have so far eluded systematic, genome-wide analysis. In recent years, the availability of new typing techniques and international consortia with large patient cohorts has generated a wealth of new information on the genetic basis of this autoimmune disease. Newly described associations between immunologically relevant gene polymorphisms and RA susceptibility have already been replicated with great statistical power, and are currently incorporated into new, pathogenetically relevant functional pathways. The resulting new concepts identify cell populations of great potential relevance for the pathogenesis of the disease, and ultimately might lead to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Wagner
- Medizinische Klinik IV, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Deutschland.
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Kolfenbach JR, Deane KD, Derber LA, O'Donnell CI, Gilliland WR, Edison JD, Rosen A, Darrah E, Norris JM, Holers VM. Autoimmunity to peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 precedes clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:2633-9. [PMID: 20496417 DOI: 10.1002/art.27570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether antibodies against peptidyl arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD-4) are present in the preclinical phase of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to compare the timing and extent of their appearance with those of other preclinical autoantibodies. METHODS Prediagnosis serum samples from 83 patients with RA were evaluated for the presence of anti-PAD-4 antibody, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody, and rheumatoid factor. In addition, a control cohort (n = 83) matched by age, sex, race, number of serum samples, and duration of serum storage was tested for the presence of anti-PAD-4 antibody to determine its sensitivity and specificity for the subsequent development of RA. RESULTS Fifteen of 83 patients with RA (18.1%) had at least 1 prediagnosis sample positive for anti-PAD-4. One of 83 control subjects (1.2%) had at least 1 positive sample, resulting in a sensitivity and specificity of 18.1% and 98.8%, respectively, of anti-PAD-4 for the future development of RA. The mean duration of anti-PAD-4 positivity prior to clinical diagnosis was 4.67 years. Anti-PAD-4 positivity was associated with anti-CCP positivity (odds ratio 5.13 [95% confidence interval 1.07-24.5]). In subjects with prediagnosis samples that were positive for both antibodies, anti-CCP positivity predated anti-PAD-4 positivity in 9 of 13 cases (69%). CONCLUSION Autoantibodies to PAD-4 are present during the preclinical phase of RA in a subset of patients and are associated with anti-CCP positivity. Further exploration is needed regarding the timing of appearance and disease-related effects of PAD-4 autoimmunity.
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50
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Chen R, Wei Y, Cai Q, Duan S, Lin J, Fang M, Lv K, Cheng N, Sun S. PADI4 Gene Polymorphism is not Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis in Chinese Han Population. Scand J Immunol 2010; 72:449-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2010.02454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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