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Tan B, Kartal Y, Yesilyurt F, Akdoğan N, Doyduk D, Dişli A. Synthesis of new phenothiazine derivatives: Molecular docking, assessment of cytotoxic activity and oxidant-antioxidant properties on PCS-201-012, HT-29, and SH-SY5Y cell lines. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400281. [PMID: 39058899 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Phenothiazine (PTZ) derivatives have been acknowledged as versatile compounds with significant implications across various areas of medicine, particularly, in cancer research. The cytotoxic effects of synthesized compounds on both normal and cancerous cells, along with their oxidant-antioxidant properties, are pivotal factors in cancer treatment strategies. In the current study, eight new PTZ derivatives were synthesized and the compounds' cytotoxic activities were assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay while the oxidant-antioxidant properties were evaluated by oxidative stress index (OSI) calculation in SH-SY5Y (a human neuroblastoma cell line), HT-29 (a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), and PCS-201-012 (a human primary dermal fibroblast cell line) cells. Consequently, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of compound 3a were determined to be 218.72, 202.85, and 227.86 μM while the IC50 values of compound 3b were defined to be 227.42, 199.27, and 250.11 μM in PCS-201-012, HT-29, and SH-SY5Y cells, respectively. Additionally, it was determined that the synthesized compounds demonstrated the lowest OSI in PCS-201-012 cells as compared to the other cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bensu Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Yasemin Kartal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Türkiye
| | - Fatma Yesilyurt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - Nurdan Akdoğan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Doğukan Doyduk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ali Dişli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Türkiye
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2
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Khraisat LMAF, Sabuncuoğlu S, Girgin G, Unsal Tan O. Synthesis and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Novel Benzimidazole/Thiazolidin-4-one Hybrid Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301489. [PMID: 38149789 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel 3-(phenylamino)thiazolidin-4-one 2 a-d and 3-(phenyl)thiazolidin-4-one 3 a-g derivatives which are having benzimidazole moiety were synthesized and their tyrosinase inhibitory activity were investigated. The structures of the target compounds were elucidated using 1 H/13 C-NMR, IR and MS. The structure of 2 b was also characterized using HSQC NMR technique. Among the target compounds, 3 b-g demonstrated stronger tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50 values for 3 b-g ranged from 80.93 to 119.20 μM), compared to the positive control kojic acid (IC50 : 125.08 μM). With IC50 value of 80.93 μM, 5-(2-(4-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)phenyl)-4-oxothiazolidin-3-yl)-2-methylbenzenesulfonamide 3 g was found to be the most active derivative of the series. Molecular docking studies were conducted to elucidate the binding interactions between compounds and tyrosinase. The MTT assay studies used to determine the cytotoxicity of 3 b-g showed that 3 c, 3 d, 3 f and 3 g were not cytotoxic in the range of 0-200 μM. Considering its tyrosinase inhibitory activity and cytotoxic effect, 3 g exhibits promising potential for further research and development as a novel tyrosinase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Girgin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oya Unsal Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Sari S, Önder S, Akkaya D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Zengin M, Barut B, Karakurt A. Azole derivatives inhibit wildtype butyrylcholinesterase and its common mutants. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1018-1028. [PMID: 37154110 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Azoles, which have been used for antifungal chemotherapy for decades, have recently been of interest for their efficacy against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). There is little known about the potential of azoles against BChE, however there is none regarding their inhibitory effects against mutants of BChE. In the current study, an azole library of 1-aryl-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethanol/ethanone oxime esters were tested against AChE and BChE, which yielded derivates more potent than the positive control, galantamine, against both isoforms. Kinetic analyses were performed for wildtype and mutant (A328F and A328Y) inhibition for the two most potent BChE inhibitors, pivalic and 3-bezoylpropanoic acid esters of 2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)-1-(2-naphthyl)ethanol, which were found to have great affinity to the wildtype and mutant BChE types with Ki values as low as 0.173 ± 0.012 µM. The compounds were identified to show linear competitive or mixed type inhibition. Molecular modeling confirmed these kinetic data and provided further insights regarding molecular basis of BChE inhibition by the active derivatives. Thus, current study suggests new azole derivatives with promising cholinesterase inhibitory effects and reveals the first set of information to promote our understanding for the inhibitory behavior of this class against the mutant BChE forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seda Önder
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Akkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Zengin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Barut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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4
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Li-Zhulanov NS, Zaikova NP, Sari S, Gülmez D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Ozadali-Sari K, Arikan-Akdagli S, Nefedov AA, Rybalova TV, Volcho KP, Salakhutdinov NF. Rational Design of New Monoterpene-Containing Azoles and Their Antifungal Activity. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050818. [PMID: 37237723 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Azole antifungals, including fluconazole, have long been the first-line antifungal agents in the fight against fungal infections. The emergence of drug-resistant strains and the associated increase in mortality from systemic mycoses has prompted the development of new agents based on azoles. We reported a synthesis of novel monoterpene-containing azoles with high antifungal activity and low cytotoxicity. These hybrids demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against all tested fungal strains, with excellent minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against both fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida spp. Compounds 10a and 10c with cuminyl and pinenyl fragments demonstrated up to 100 times lower MICs than fluconazole against clinical isolates. The results indicated that the monoterpene-containing azoles had much lower MICs against fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida parapsilosis than their phenyl-containing counterpart. In addition, the compounds did not exhibit cytotoxicity at active concentrations in the MTT assay, indicating potential for further development as antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai S Li-Zhulanov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda P Zaikova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Dolunay Gülmez
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Keriman Ozadali-Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Sihhiye, Ankara 06100, Turkey
| | - Andrey A Nefedov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Rybalova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Konstantin P Volcho
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nariman F Salakhutdinov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave., 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Yuan L, Wu F, Xie L, Yan X, Li H, Li Y, Shi L, Hu R, Liu Y. Neighboring Carboxylic Acid Boosts Peroxidase-Like Property of Metal-Phenolic Nano-Networks in Eradicating Streptococcus mutans Biofilms. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206657. [PMID: 36394193 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Developing nature-inspired nanomaterials with enzymatic activity is essential in combating bacterial biofilms. Here, it is reported that incorporating the carboxylic acid in phenolic/Fe nano-networks can efficiently manipulate their peroxidase-like activity via the acidic microenvironment and neighboring effect of the carboxyl group. The optimal gallic acid/Fe (GA/Fe) nano-networks demonstrate highly enzymatic activity in catalyzing H2 O2 into oxidative radicals, damaging the cell membrane and extracellular DNA in Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Theoretical calculation suggests that the neighboring carboxyl group can aid the H2 O2 adsorption, free radical generation, and catalyst reactivation, resulting in superb catalytic efficiency. Further all-atom simulation suggests the peroxidation of lipids can increase the cell membrane fluidity and permeability. Also, GA/Fe nano-networks show great potential in inhibiting tooth decay and treating other biofilm-associated diseases without affecting the commensal oral flora. This strategy provides a facile and scale-up way to prepare the enzyme-like materials and manipulate their enzymatic activity for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaran Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 113 West Xueyuan Rd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Jianan Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 113 West Xueyuan Rd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Lu Yuan
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Lingping Xie
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xiaojian Yan
- Department of Gynecology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Linqi Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Rongdang Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 113 West Xueyuan Rd, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
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6
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Sari S, Sabuncuoğlu S, Koçak Aslan E, Avci A, Kart D, Özdemir Z, Acar MF, Sayoğlu B, Alagöz MA, Karakurt A, Dalkara S. Azoles containing naphthalene with activity against Gram-positive bacteria: in vitro studies and in silico predictions for flavohemoglobin inhibition. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10220-10229. [PMID: 34139139 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1940285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are first-line drugs used in fungal infections. Topical antifungals, such as miconazole and econazole, are known to be active against Gram-positive bacteria, which was reported to result from bacterial flavohemoglobin (flavoHb) inhibition. Dual antibacterial/antifungal action is believed to have benefits for antimicrobial chemotherapy. In this study, we tested antibacterial effects of an in-house library of naphthalene-bearing azoles, some of which were reported as potent antifungals, in an attempt to find dual-acting hits. Several potent derivatives were obtained against the Gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. 9 was active at a minimum inhibitor concentration (MIC) less than 1 µg/ml against E. faecalis and S. aureus, and 10 against S. aureus. 16 was also potent against E. faecalis and S. aureus (MIC = 1 and 2 µg/ml, respectively). Six more were active against S. aureus with MIC ≤ 4 µg/ml. In vitro cytotoxicity studies showed that the active compounds were safe for healthy cells within their MIC ranges. According to the calculated descriptors, the library was found within the drug-like chemical space and free of pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS). Molecular docking studies suggested that the compounds might be bacterial flavohemoglobin (flavoHb) inhibitors and the azole and naphthalene rings were important pharmacophores, which was further supported by pharmacophore modeling study. As a result, the current study presents several non-toxic azole derivatives with antibacterial effects. In addition to their previously reported antifungal properties, they could set a promising starting point for the future design of dual acting antimicrobials. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Koçak Aslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Avci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M Fahir Acar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Sayoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Abdullah Alagöz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Sevim Dalkara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yıldırır Y, Özel S, Doyduk D, Kartal Y, Sabuncuoğlu S. Synthesis of Apigenin and Quercetin‐Like Compounds, Molecular Docking Simulation, and Investigation of Their Bioactivity on A549 Cell Lines. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yılmaz Yıldırır
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Selinay Özel
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Doğukan Doyduk
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Gazi University 06500 Ankara Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kartal
- Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Kırklareli University 39000 Kırklareli Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Hacettepe University Ankara, 06100 Turkey
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8
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Gao L, Jin N, Ye Z, Ma T, Huang Y, Li H, Du J, Li Z. A possible connection between reactive oxygen species and the unfolded protein response in lens development: From insight to foresight. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:820949. [PMID: 36211466 PMCID: PMC9535091 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.820949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lens is a relatively special and simple organ. It has become an ideal model to study the common developmental characteristics among different organic systems. Lens development is a complex process influenced by numerous factors, including signals from the intracellular and extracellular environment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly reactive and oxygen-containing molecules that can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress in lens cells. As an adaptive response to ER stress, lens cells initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain normal protein synthesis by selectively increasing/decreasing protein synthesis and increasing the degradation of misfolded proteins. Generally, the UPR signaling pathways have been well characterized in the context of many pathological conditions. However, recent studies have also confirmed that all three UPR signaling pathways participate in a variety of developmental processes, including those of the lens. In this review, we first briefly summarize the three stages of lens development and present the basic profiles of ROS and the UPR. We then discuss the interconnections between lens development and these two mechanisms. Additionally, the potential adoption of human pluripotent stem-cell-based lentoids in lens development research is proposed to provide a novel perspective on future developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixiong Gao
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Jin
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, The Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zi Ye
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tianju Ma
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Du
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohui Li
- Senior Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Zhaohui Li,
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9
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Venancio Brochi JC, Pereira LM, Yatsuda AP. Extracellular H 2O 2, peroxiredoxin, and glutathione reductase alter Neospora caninum invasion and proliferation in Vero cells. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108381. [PMID: 36122700 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan member of the Apicomplexa phylum and is closely connected with abortion in cattle. The development of the parasite in host cells is characterized by the active secretion of proteins, allied to the tight control of the redox status. In this sense, elucidating the mechanisms related to the role of the redox agents and enzymes during the invasion and proliferation of N. caninum may contribute to developing novel forms of neosporosis control. In this study we verified the effects of the recombinant forms of N. caninum glutathione reductase (rNcGR) and thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase (rNcPrx), as well as H2O2 in the tachyzoite invasion and proliferation. rNcPrx interfered in the N. caninum invasion in a redox state manner. Oxidized rNcPrx inhibited the N. caninum invasion and proliferation with no toxic effects observed in Vero cells. In contrast, lower concentrations of H2O2 (10 μM) stimulated the N. caninum invasion, which was reverted in higher doses (>100 μM). H2O2 inhibited the parasite proliferation in lower concentrations than cytotoxicity in host cells, resulting in a positive selectivity index (1.8). Besides, rNcPrx (reduced and non-reduced) and rNcGR inhibited the parasite proliferation without affecting the host cell. Our results indicate the connection between the N. caninum development and the redox state, contributing to the elucidation of parasite propagation and control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Cabestre Venancio Brochi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz Miguel Pereira
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Patrícia Yatsuda
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av do Café, sn/n, 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Ozadali-Sari K, Ceylan S, Yucel ES, Sabuncuoglu S, Unsal-Tan O. Design, Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of N‐acylhydrazone‐Incorporated Isoxazolo[4,5‐d]pyridazin‐4(5H)‐one Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200389. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keriman Ozadali-Sari
- Hacettepe Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Pharmaceutical chemistry Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe UniversityFaculty of Pharmacy, Ankara 06100 06100 Ankara TURKEY
| | - Serenay Ceylan
- Hacettepe Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe UniversityFaculty of PharmacyAnkara 06100, Turkey 06100 Ankara TURKEY
| | - Evnur Sinem Yucel
- Hacettepe Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University,Faculty of Pharmacy 06100 Ankara TURKEY
| | - Suna Sabuncuoglu
- Hacettepe Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Pharmaceutical Toxicology Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara 06100 06100 Ankara TURKEY
| | - Oya Unsal-Tan
- Hacettepe Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara 06100 06100 Ankara TURKEY
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Mastronikolis S, Pagkalou M, Plotas P, Kagkelaris K, Georgakopoulos C. Emerging roles of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:602. [PMID: 35949329 PMCID: PMC9353531 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEXS) is a systemic disease caused by defects in the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling process leading to the chronic deposition of extracellular, fibrillary, white flaky pseudoexfoliation material (PEXM) throughout the body. Specifically, PEXM deposits on the lens capsule cause open-angle glaucoma, cataracts and blindness in patients with PEXS. Several gene single nucleotide polymorphisms are linked to the development of PEXS in humans, including lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene, clusterin and fibulin-5. The exact reason for the PEXM generation and its resulting pathogenesis is not well understood. However, defective ECM remodelling and oxidative stress (OS) have been hypothesized as significant events leading to the PEXM. Specifically, the link between OS and PEXS has been well studied, although the investigation is still ongoing. The present review explored recent advances in various aspects of PEXS and the involvement of OS in the eye for PEXS development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Pagkalou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Plotas
- Laboratory of Primary Health Care, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, 26334 Patras, Greece
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12
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Kirova DG, Judasova K, Vorhauser J, Zerjatke T, Leung JK, Glauche I, Mansfeld J. A ROS-dependent mechanism promotes CDK2 phosphorylation to drive progression through S phase. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1712-1727.e9. [PMID: 35809563 PMCID: PMC9616724 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the right concentration promote cell proliferation in cell culture, stem cells, and model organisms. However, the mystery of how ROS signaling is coordinated with cell cycle progression and integrated into the cell cycle control machinery on the molecular level remains unsolved. Here, we report increasing levels of mitochondrial ROS during the cell cycle in human cell lines that target cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2). Chemical and metabolic interferences with ROS production decrease T-loop phosphorylation on CDK2 and so impede its full activation and thus its efficient DNA replication. ROS regulate CDK2 activity through the oxidation of a conserved cysteine residue near the T-loop, which prevents the binding of the T-loop phosphatase KAP. Together, our data reveal how mitochondrial metabolism is coupled with DNA replication and cell cycle progression via ROS, thereby demonstrating how KAP activity toward CDKs can be cell cycle regulated. Mitochondrial ROS drive cell cycle progression and proliferation Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) is increasingly oxidized during the cell cycle The oxidation state of a conserved cysteine on CDK2 regulates KAP binding CDK2 oxidation promotes T-loop phosphorylation and DNA replication
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristyna Judasova
- Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Vorhauser
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Zerjatke
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jacky Kieran Leung
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ingmar Glauche
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Mansfeld
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Cell Cycle, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
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13
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Sari S, Akkaya D, Zengin M, Sabuncuoğlu S, Özdemir Z, Alagöz MA, Karakurt A, Barut B. Antifungal Azole Derivatives Featuring Naphthalene Prove Potent and Competitive Cholinesterase Inhibitors with Potential CNS Penetration According to the in Vitro and in Silico Studies. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200027. [PMID: 35695705 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibition is of great importance in the fight against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Azole antifungals have come under the spotlight with recent discoveries that underline the efficacy and potential of miconazole and its derivatives against cholinesterase enzymes. In this study, we evaluated a library of azoles against acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase using in vitro and in silico methods to identify potent inhibitors. Low micromolar IC50 values were obtained for imidazole derivatives, which were further tested and found potent competitive cholinesterase inhibitors via enzyme kinetics study. The active derivatives showed negligible toxicity in in vitro cytotoxicity tests. Molecular modeling studies predicted that these derivatives were druglike, could penetrate blood-brain barrier, and tightly bind to cholinesterase active site making key interactions via the imidazole moiety at protonated state. Thus, current study identifies potent and competitive cholinesterase inhibitor azoles with minor toxicity and potential to pass into the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Akkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Merve Zengin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - M Abdullah Alagöz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University, 44280, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Burak Barut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey
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14
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Ayesha A, Bahnson EM, Kayashima Y, Wilder J, Huynh PK, Hiller S, Maeda-Smithies N, Li F. Vitamin B12 does not increase cell viability after hydrogen peroxide induced damage in mouse kidney proximal tubular cells and brain endothelial cells. ADVANCES IN REDOX RESEARCH 2022; 4:100029. [PMID: 35515703 PMCID: PMC9067605 DOI: 10.1016/j.arres.2022.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential co-factor for two enzymes in mammalian metabolism and can also act as a mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) converting superoxide (O2 •‒) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). High oral dose B12 decreases renal O2 •‒ and post-ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice and protects against damage induced by hypoxia/reperfusion in mouse kidney proximal tubular cells (BU.MPT). O2 •‒ is unstable and rapidly converted to H2O2. H2O2 mediates oxidative stress associated with O2 •‒. Whether B12 protects against damage induced by H2O2 is unknown. Both BU.MPT cells and mouse brain endothelial cells (bEdn.3) were applied to test the effects of B12 on H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Both types of cells were treated with different doses of H2O2 with or without different doses of B12. Cell viability was analyzed 24 h later. H2O2 caused cell death only at a very high dose, and high pharmacological dose of B12 did not prevent this detrimental effect in either cell type. In bEnd.3 cells, transcriptional levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increased, while nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) decreased by H2O2. The levels of transcripts were not affected by the B12 treatment. We conclude that the cytotoxic effects of exogenous H2O2 in BU.MPT and bEdn.3 cells are not prevented by B12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azraa Ayesha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 703 Brinkhous-Bullitt Bldg, CB # 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Edward M Bahnson
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yukako Kayashima
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 703 Brinkhous-Bullitt Bldg, CB # 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jennifer Wilder
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 703 Brinkhous-Bullitt Bldg, CB # 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Phillip K Huynh
- Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Sylvia Hiller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 703 Brinkhous-Bullitt Bldg, CB # 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nobuyo Maeda-Smithies
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 703 Brinkhous-Bullitt Bldg, CB # 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 703 Brinkhous-Bullitt Bldg, CB # 7525, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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15
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Fang R, Liang H, Li J, Chen Y, Luo X, Li Y, Li B, Liu S. Microencapsulation of astaxanthin based on emulsion solvent evaporation and subsequent spray drying. J Food Sci 2022; 87:998-1008. [PMID: 35170050 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is widely used in the food, drug, and cosmetics fields, but its applications are extremely limited by its intrinsic properties. Herein, a novel encapsulation system had been performed to fabricate AXT-loaded microcapsules through emulsion solvent evaporation and spray-dried methodologies. The influence of polylactic acid (PLA) concentrations on the characteristics of AXT-loaded dispersions and resultant microcapsules were investigated. The results showed that the sizes and zeta potentials of dispersions and microcapsules increased with increasing PLA content (9.8 to 24.6 wt%). The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the microcapsules increased with increasing PLA concentration up to 21.4 wt%. The moisture content values, flowability, and bulk density of the obtained microcapsules decreased with increasing PLA content (9.8 to 24.6 wt%). Furthermore, the cell culture experiment indicated that the obtained microcapsules had no cytotoxicity and possessed excellent antioxidant activity. This work provides a new strategy for fabricating AXT-enriched microcapsules and expands their application in nutritional products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This work fabricated a novel encapsulation system for AXT through emulsion solvent evaporation and spray drying methodologies. The obtained AXT-loaded microcapsules possessed great physical stability and could expand potential applications of AXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxi Fang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongshan Liang
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yijie Chen
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaogang Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,School of Materials and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shilin Liu
- College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,School of Materials and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou City, Henan, China
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16
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Vigneux G, Pirkkanen J, Laframboise T, Prescott H, Tharmalingam S, Thome C. Radiation-Induced Alterations in Proliferation, Migration, and Adhesion in Lens Epithelial Cells and Implications for Cataract Development. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:29. [PMID: 35049738 PMCID: PMC8772889 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The lens of the eye is one of the most radiosensitive tissues. Although the exact mechanism of radiation-induced cataract development remains unknown, altered proliferation, migration, and adhesion have been proposed as factors. Lens epithelial cells were exposed to X-rays (0.1-2 Gy) and radiation effects were examined after 12 h and 7 day. Proliferation was quantified using an MTT assay, migration was measured using a Boyden chamber and wound-healing assay, and adhesion was assessed on three extracellular matrices. Transcriptional changes were also examined using RT-qPCR for a panel of genes related to these processes. In general, a nonlinear radiation response was observed, with the greatest effects occurring at a dose of 0.25 Gy. At this dose, a reduction in proliferation occurred 12 h post irradiation (82.06 ± 2.66%), followed by an increase at 7 day (116.16 ± 3.64%). Cell migration was increased at 0.25 Gy, with rates 121.66 ± 6.49% and 232.78 ± 22.22% greater than controls at 12 h and 7 day respectively. Cell adhesion was consistently reduced above doses of 0.25 Gy. Transcriptional alterations were identified at these same doses in multiple genes related to proliferation, migration, and adhesion. Overall, this research began to elucidate the functional changes that occur in lens cells following radiation exposure, thereby providing a better mechanistic understanding of radiation-induced cataract development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graysen Vigneux
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (G.V.); (S.T.)
| | - Jake Pirkkanen
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Taylor Laframboise
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Hallie Prescott
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
| | - Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (G.V.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Nuclear Innovation Institute, 620 Tomlinson Drive, Port Elgin, ON N0H 2C0, Canada
| | - Christopher Thome
- Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (G.V.); (S.T.)
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada; (J.P.); (T.L.); (H.P.)
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
- Nuclear Innovation Institute, 620 Tomlinson Drive, Port Elgin, ON N0H 2C0, Canada
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17
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Hydrogen Peroxide and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: From Biochemistry to Pathophysiology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010052. [PMID: 35052556 PMCID: PMC8773294 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are unstable chemical reactive species produced during Redox dyshomeostasis (RDH) inside living cells and are implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases. One of the most complicated and life-threatening motor neurodegenerative diseases (MND) is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because of the poor understanding of its pathophysiology and absence of an effective treatment for its cure. During the last 25 years, researchers around the globe have focused their interest on copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD, SOD1) protein after the landmark discovery of mutant SOD1 (mSOD1) gene as a risk factor for ALS. Substantial evidence suggests that toxic gain of function due to redox disturbance caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) changes the biophysical properties of native SOD1 protein thus, instigating its fibrillization and misfolding. These abnormal misfolding aggregates or inclusions of SOD1 play a role in the pathogenesis of both forms of ALS, i.e., Sporadic ALS (sALS) and familial ALS (fALS). However, what leads to a decrease in the stability and misfolding of SOD1 is still in question and our scientific knowledge is scarce. A large number of studies have been conducted in this area to explore the biochemical mechanistic pathway of SOD1 aggregation. Several studies, over the past two decades, have shown that the SOD1-catalyzed biochemical reaction product hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at a pathological concentration act as a substrate to trigger the misfolding trajectories and toxicity of SOD1 in the pathogenesis of ALS. These toxic aggregates of SOD1 also cause aberrant localization of TAR-DNA binding protein 43 (TDP-43), which is characteristic of neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) found in ALS. Here in this review, we present the evidence implicating the pivotal role of H2O2 in modulating the toxicity of SOD1 in the pathophysiology of the incurable and highly complex disease ALS. Also, highlighting the role of H2O2 in ALS, we believe will encourage scientists to target pathological concentrations of H2O2 thereby halting the misfolding of SOD1.
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18
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Sari S, Barut B, Marcinkowska M, Sabuncuoğlu S, Avci A, Koçak Aslan E, Özel A, Siwek A. Potential of nafimidone derivatives against co-morbidities of epilepsy: In vitro, in vivo, and in silico investigations. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:184-193. [PMID: 34291476 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nafimidone is known for its clinical antiepileptic effects and alcohol derivatives of nafimidone were reported be potent anticonvulsants. These compounds are structurally similar to miconazole, which is known to inhibit cholinesterases, protect neurons, and ameliorate cognitive decline. Herein, we aimed to reveal the potential of three nafimidone alcohol esters (5 g, 5i, and 5 k), which were previously reported for their anticonvulsant effects, against co-morbidities of epilepsy such as inflammatory and neuropathic pain, cognitive and behavioral deficits, and neuron death, and understand their roles in related pathways such as γ-butyric acid type A (GABAA ) receptor and cholinesterases using in vitro, in vivo and in silico methods. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test was used for cytotoxicity evaluation, hippocampal slice culture assay for neuroprotection, formalin test for acute and inflammatory pain, sciatic ligation for neuropathic pain, Morris water maze and open field locomotor tasks for cognitive and behavioral deficits, radioligand binding for GABAA receptor affinity, spectrophotometric methods for cholinesterase inhibition in vitro, and molecular docking in silico. The compounds were non-toxic to fibroblast cells. 5 k was neuroprotective against kainic acid-induced neuron death. 5i reduced pain response of mice in both the acute and the inflammatory phases. 5i improved survival upon status epilepticus. The compounds showed no affinity to GABAA receptor but inhibited acetylcholinesterase, 5 k also inhibited butyrylcholinesterase. The compounds were predicted to interact mainly with the peripheric anionic site of cholinesterase enzymes. The title compounds showed neuroprotective, analgesic, and cholinesterase inhibitory effects, thus they bear promise against certain co-morbidities of epilepsy with neurological insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Barut
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Monika Marcinkowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Avci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Koçak Aslan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.,Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Agata Siwek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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19
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Barut B, Sari S, Sabuncuoğlu S, Özel A. Azole antifungal compounds could have dual cholinesterase inhibitory potential according to virtual screening, enzyme kinetics, and toxicity studies of an inhouse library. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Giri S, Takada A, Paudel D, Yoshida K, Furukawa M, Kuramitsu Y, Matsushita K, Abiko Y, Furuichi Y. An in vitro senescence model of gingival epithelial cell induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Odontology 2021; 110:44-53. [PMID: 34143349 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gingival tissue shows progressive changes with aging and an in vitro model of gingival tissue could be useful in understanding age-associated oral diseases. The present study aims to establish a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment model to induce aging in human gingival epithelial cells. In addition, fisetin, a flavonoid component studied for the anti-aging property is used to examine if it could reverse the induced senescence. Primary human gingival epithelial progenitor (HGEPp) cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of H2O2. A cell vitality and morphology, senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, mRNA and protein expression analysis of known senescence markers p16, p21, and p53, and cell cycle assay were performed. The cells showed dose-dependent changes in vitality and morphology, SA-β-gal staining, relative mRNA and protein expression, and cell cycle assay after H2O2 treatment. Based on these results, 400 μM H2O2 was considered as an optimal concentration to induce senescence. Treatment of senescence-induced cells with fisetin downregulated all the senescence markers used in this study. In conclusion, a senescence model of gingival epithelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment was established which could be employed to study age-related periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Giri
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takada
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Durga Paudel
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Masae Furukawa
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kuramitsu
- Research Institute of Cancer Prevention, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Kenji Matsushita
- Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology, Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Furuichi
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, 061-0293, Japan.
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21
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Kress BJ, Kim DH, Mayo JR, Farris JT, Heck B, Sarver JG, Andy D, Trendel JA, Heck BE, Erhardt PW. Synthesis and Evaluation of PPARδ Agonists That Promote Osteogenesis in a Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture and in a Mouse Model of Human Osteoporosis. J Med Chem 2021; 64:6996-7032. [PMID: 33988379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a directed library of compounds to explore the structure-activity relationships of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) activation relative to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) osteogenesis. Our scaffold used para-substituted cinnamic acids as a polar headgroup, a heteroatom and heterocycle core connecting units, and substituted phenyl groups for the lipophilic tail. Compounds were screened for their ability to increase osteogenesis in MSCs, and the most promising were examined for subunit specificity using a quantitative PPAR transactivation assay. Six compounds were selected for in vivo studies in an ovariectomized mouse model of human postmenopausal osteoporosis. Four compounds improved bone density in vivo, with two (12d and 31a) having activity comparable to that of GW0742, a well-studied PPARδ-selective agonist. 31a (2-methyl-4-[N-methyl-N-[5-methylene-4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thiazole]]aminocinnamic acid) had the highest selectivity for PPARδ compared to other subtypes, its selectivity far exceeding that of GW0742. Our results confirm that PPARδ is a new drug target for possible treatment of osteoporosis via in situ manipulation of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Kress
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 16419, Republic of Korea.,Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States
| | - Jared R Mayo
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jeffery T Farris
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Benjamin Heck
- Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States.,Bluffton University, Bluffton, Ohio 45817, United States
| | - Jeffrey G Sarver
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Divya Andy
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Jill A Trendel
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
| | - Bruce E Heck
- Northwest Ohio Stem Cure LLC, Northwest Ohio Orthopedics & Sports Medicine, Inc., Findlay, Ohio 45840, United States
| | - Paul W Erhardt
- Center for Drug Design and Development, Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, University of Toledo College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, Ohio 43614, United States
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22
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Graceffa V. Therapeutic Potential of Reactive Oxygen Species: State of the Art and Recent Advances. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:140-158. [PMID: 33345675 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320977450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, several studies have proven that when at low concentration reactive oxygen species (ROS) show an adaptive beneficial effect and posited the idea that they can be utilized as inexpensive and convenient inducers of tissue regeneration. On the other hand, the recent discovery that cancer cells are more sensitive to oxidative damage paved the way for their use in the selective killing of tumor cells, and sensors to monitor ROS production during cancer treatment are under extensive investigation. Nevertheless, although ROS-activated signaling pathways are well established, less is known about the mechanisms underlying the switch from an anabolic to a cytotoxic response. Furthermore, a high variability in biological response is observed between different modalities of administration, cell types, donor ages, eventual concomitant diseases, and external microenvironment. On the other hand, available preclinical studies are scarce, whereas the quest for the most suitable systems for in vivo delivery is still elusive. Furthermore, new strategies to control the temporal pattern of ROS release need to be developed, if considering their tumorigenic potential. This review initially discusses ROS mechanisms of action and their potential application in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and cancer therapy. It then outlines the state of art of ROS-based drugs and identifies challenges faced in translating ROS research into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Graceffa
- Cellular Health and Toxicology Research Group (CHAT), Institute of Technology Sligo, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland.,Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Bellanode, Sligo, Ireland
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Sari S, Avci A, Koçak E, Kart D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Doğan İS, Özdemir Z, Bozbey İ, Karakurt A, Saraç S, Dalkara S. Antibacterial azole derivatives: Antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, and in silico mechanistic studies. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:1026-1036. [PMID: 33216362 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Azole antifungal drugs are commonly used in antifungal chemotherapy. Antibacterial effects of some topical antifungals, such as miconazole and econazole, have lately been revealed, which suggests a promising venue in antimicrobial chemotherapy. In this study, we tested an in-house azole collection with antifungal properties for their antibacterial activity to identify dual-acting hits using the broth microdilution method. The in vitro screen yielded a number of potent derivatives against gram-positive bacteria, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. Compound 73's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value less than 1 μg/ml against S. aureus; however, none of the compounds showed noteworthy activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). All the active compounds were found safe at their MIC values against the healthy fibroblast cells in the in vitro cytotoxicity test. Molecular docking studies of the most active compounds using a set of docking programs with flavohemoglobin (flavoHb) structure, the proposed target of the azole antifungals with antibacterial activity, presented striking similarities regarding the binding modes and interactions between the tested compounds and the antifungal drugs with crystallographic data. In addition to being noncytotoxic, the library was predicted to be drug-like and free of pan-assay interference compounds (PAINS). As a result, the current study revealed several potential azole derivatives with both antifungal and antibacterial activities. Inhibition of bacterial flavoHb was suggested as a possible mechanism of action for the title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Avci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Koçak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Selin Doğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University Faculty of Pharmacy, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, İnönü University Faculty of Pharmacy, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İrem Bozbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, İnönü University Faculty of Pharmacy, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Selma Saraç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Dalkara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
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Choi SW, Cha BG, Kim J. Therapeutic Contact Lens for Scavenging Excessive Reactive Oxygen Species on the Ocular Surface. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2483-2496. [PMID: 31935066 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b10145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many eye diseases. Controlling oxidative stress by reducing the amount of ROS is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of eye diseases, particularly ocular surface diseases. Ceria nanoparticles (CeNPs) have been investigated owing to their efficient ROS-scavenging properties. To overcome the disadvantages of eyedrop administration due to rapid elimination on the surface of the eye and to retain the intrinsic properties of contact lenses, we developed an ROS-scavenging water-soluble CeNP-embedded contact lens (CeNP-CL) for the prevention of ocular surface diseases. The intrinsic ROS-scavenging property of the CeNPs, which mimicked the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, was incorporated into polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate-based contact lenses. The CeNP-CL exhibited high transparency and physical properties comparable to those of a commercial contact lens, along with excellent extracellular ROS-scavenging properties. The viabilities of human conjunctival epithelial cells and human meibomian gland epithelial cells were significantly enhanced in the presence of CeNP-CLs, even in media with high H2O2 contents (100 and 500 μM). Additionally, the wearing of CeNP-CLs on the eyes had a protective effect in a mouse model when 3% H2O2 eyedrops were administered. These results indicate the salvaging effect of the CeNP-CL in a high-ROS environment on the ocular surface, which may be helpful for the treatment of ocular surface diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woo Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Cha
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB) , Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) , Suwon 16419 , Republic of Korea
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25
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Selby-Pham SNB, Siow LF, Bennett LE. Characterising absorption and health-related properties of phytochemicals extracted from Malaysian palm fruit biomass after oil extraction. Food Funct 2020; 11:907-920. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01149h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
After oil extraction, palm fruit biomass contains abundant water-soluble phytochemicals (PCs) with proven bioactivity in regulating oxidative stress and inflammation (OSI).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lee Fong Siow
- School of Science
- Monash University
- 47500 Bandar Sunway
- Malaysia
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26
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Dalisson B, Barralet J. Bioinorganics and Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900764. [PMID: 31402608 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Wound dressings and the healing enhancement (increasing healing speed and quality) are two components of wound care that lead to a proper healing. Wound care today consists mostly of providing an optimal environment by removing waste and necrotic tissues from a wound, preventing infections, and keeping the wounds adequately moist. This is however often not enough to re-establish the healing process in chronic wounds; with the local disruption of vascularization, the local environment is lacking oxygen, nutrients, and has a modified ionic and molecular concentration which limits the healing process. This disruption may affect cellular ionic pumps, energy production, chemotaxis, etc., and will affect the healing process. Biomaterials for wound healing range from simple absorbents to sophisticated bioactive delivery vehicles. Often placing a material in or on a wound can change multiple parameters such as pH, ionic concentration, and osmolarity, and it can be challenging to pinpoint key mechanism of action. This article reviews the literature of several inorganic ions and molecules and their potential effects on the different wound healing phases and their use in new wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Barralet
- Faculty of DentistryMcGill University Montreal H3A 1G1 QC Canada
- Division of OrthopaedicsDepartment of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal H4A 0A9 QC Canada
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27
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Sari S, Kart D, Sabuncuoğlu S, Doğan İS, Özdemir Z, Bozbey İ, Gencel M, Eşsiz Ş, Reynisson J, Karakurt A, Saraç S, Dalkara S. Antifungal screening and in silico mechanistic studies of an in-house azole library. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1944-1955. [PMID: 31260179 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Candida infections pose a serious public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. C. albicans is the major pathogen identified in candidiasis; however, non-albicans Candida spp. with antifungal resistance are now more prevalent. Azoles are first-choice antifungal drugs for candidiasis; however, they are ineffective for certain infections caused by the resistant strains. Azoles block ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting fungal CYP51, which leads to disruption of fungal membrane permeability. In this study, we screened for antifungal activity of an in-house azole library of 65 compounds to identify hit matter followed by a molecular modeling study for their CYP51 inhibition mechanism. Antifungal susceptibility tests against standard Candida spp. including C. albicans revealed derivatives 12 and 13 as highly active. Furthermore, they showed potent antibiofilm activity as well as neglectable cytotoxicity in a mouse fibroblast assay. According to molecular docking studies, 12 and 13 have the necessary binding characteristics for effective inhibition of CYP51. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations of the C. albicans CYP51 (CACYP51) homology model's catalytic site complexed with 13 were stable demonstrating excellent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Sari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Kart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Selin Doğan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - İrem Bozbey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Melis Gencel
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Şebnem Eşsiz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Kadir Has University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | - Arzu Karakurt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Selma Saraç
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevim Dalkara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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28
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Heruye S, Maffofou N LN, Singh NU, Munt D, Njie-Mbye YF, Ohia SE, Opere CA. Standardization of a new method for assessing the development of cataract in cultured bovine lenses. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 98:106592. [PMID: 31154035 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To standardize a new method for assessing cataractogenesis in isolated cultured bovine lenses using L-cysteine as the standard anti-cataract agent. METHODS Intact bovine lenses were cultured in DMEM with L-cysteine in presence or absence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Lens opacity (transmittance) was determined using a plate reader. Lens homogenate glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) contents were measured using enzyme immunoassays kits. RESULTS DMEM-cultured lenses exhibited a time-dependent loss in transmittance (230-710 nm) up to 120 h, achieving the highest reduction of 38.6 ± 0.09% at 420 nm (p < .001;n = 12). Compared to untreated lenses (time in hours [t] = 0), L-cysteine (10-6 M and 10-5 M) significantly (p < .001;n = 6) increased time-dependent transmittance (420 nm) by 31.6 ± 0.17% and 28.0 ± 0.07%(t = 120), respectively. When compared to DMEM-cultured lenses (t = 0), H2O2 (10 mM, 50 mM and 100 mM) significantly (p < .001;n = 12) reduced transmittance by 57.8 ± 0.1, 57.4 ± 0.04 and 87.7 ± 0.6%(t = 120), respectively. Moreover, L-cysteine significantly (p < .001;n = 6) attenuated H2O2 (50 mM)-induced decrease in transmittance by 12.5 ± 0.05%(10-6 M), 13.0 ± 0.09%(10-5 M), 14.5 ± 0.08%(10-4 M) and 8.6 ± 0.11%(10-3 M)(t = 120), respectively. When compared to untreated lenses (t = 0), the time-dependent decrease (p < .001;n = 5) in lenticular total GSH content and total SOD activity of 46.1 ± 0.06% and 42.0 ± 1.65% (t = 120) was attenuated (p < .001;n = 5) by L-cysteine (10-6 M) by 76.6 ± 0.06% and 7.4 ± 1.98%, respectively. Similarly, the H2O2(50 mM)-induced decline (p < .001; n = 5) in total GSH content and SOD activity of 82.6 ± 0.08% and 86.6 ± 0.66% (t = 120) was attenuated by L-cysteine (10-4 M) by 74.7 ± 1.05% and 161.1 ± 4.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION Measurement of spectral transmission coupled with assessment of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in bovine cultured lens can provide a useful tool in studies of cataracts in an animal model of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segewkal Heruye
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Leonce N Maffofou N
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Neetu U Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Dan Munt
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Ya-Fatou Njie-Mbye
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Sunny E Ohia
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Catherine A Opere
- Department of Pharmacy Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178, USA.
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29
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Gerhart J, Werner L, Mamalis N, Infanti J, Withers C, Abdalla F, Gerhart C, Bravo-Nuevo A, Gerhart O, Getts L, Rhodes K, Bowers J, Getts R, George-Weinstein M. Depletion of Myo/Nog Cells in the Lens Mitigates Posterior Capsule Opacification in Rabbits. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:1813-1823. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-26713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn Gerhart
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Liliana Werner
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Nick Mamalis
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Joseph Infanti
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Colleen Withers
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Fathma Abdalla
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Colby Gerhart
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arturo Bravo-Nuevo
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Olivia Gerhart
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Lori Getts
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kelly Rhodes
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Robert Getts
- Genisphere, LLC, Hatfield, Pennsylvania, United States
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Kalaiselvi Sivalingam NN, Seepoo AM, Gani T, Selvam S, Azeez Sait SH. Zebrafish fin-derived fibroblast cell line: A model for in vitro wound healing. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2019; 42:573-584. [PMID: 30762877 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a cell line from the caudal fin tissue of zebrafish and also its application as an in vitro model to study the effect of H2 O2 in wound healing. Fibroblastic cell line was developed using explant culture method from caudal fin tissue of zebrafish and characterized. This cell line was named as DrF cell line. The DrF cells treated with 0-10 µM/ml H2 O2 were tested for viability, proliferation and motility by MTT assay, trypan blue assay and chemotaxis assay, respectively. Among the different concentrations of H2 O2 , 4 µM was found to be nontoxic to study cell migration in in vitro scratch wound assay. Furthermore, the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and chemokine receptor (CXCR4) genes was carried by qPCR. The cell survival, proliferation and migration were extremely enriched at 4 µM level of H2 O2 . We observed accelerated wound closure in DrF cells treated with H2 O2. The qPCR results indicated that H2 O2 markedly up-regulated mRNA expression of PCNA and CXCR4. The findings from our study suggest that H2 O2 at low levels promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration and wound healing in DrF cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathiga Nambi Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Abdul Majeed Seepoo
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Taju Gani
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Sivakumar Selvam
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
| | - Sahul Hameed Azeez Sait
- Aquatic Animal Health Laboratory (OIE Reference for WTD), PG & Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College, Melvisharam, Vellore District, India
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Niknazar S, Abbaszadeh HA, Peyvandi H, Rezaei O, Forooghirad H, Khoshsirat S, Peyvandi AA. Protective effect of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 on oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in hair cell-like cells derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:25-32. [PMID: 30876980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays an important role in auditory dysfunction. Exogenous cell therapy has brought new hopes for repairing mammalian inner ear hair cells. However, poor cell viability of transplanted cells under oxidative stress conditions has limited their therapeutic potential. The adipocytokine apelin-13 was isolated from a bovine stomach. Apelin-13 might protect oxidative stress-induced hair cell damage was raised considering other oxidative stress-induced injury, including brain ischemia-induced cell death. Therefore, we evaluated the protective effects of apelin- 13 on the damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to the hair cells-derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro. Stem cells were differentiated into hair cell- like cells with B27, FGF, EGF and IGF-1. Expression of neuron specific markers including β tubulin III, Nestin, MAP2, Neurofilament 68 and GFAP was tested by flow cytometry. As well, inner ear hair cell markers such as Myosin VIIA, Sox2 and TrkB expression were assayed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) method. We designed an in vitro model of oxidative stress by exposing hair cell- like cells to H2O2. Protein expression levels of caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by western blot. Apoptotic cells were also detected by acridin-orange staining and TUNEL assay. Protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly lower in the apelin-13-pretreated group than only H2O2 treated group. In addition, apoptotic cells were significantly decreased in the apelin-13+H2O2 co-treated cells compared to the H2O2-treated group. Treating hair cells-like cells with apelin13 increases their survival against oxidative stress damage by inhibition of apoptosis signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Niknazar
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hojjat-Allah Abbaszadeh
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences and Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omidvar Rezaei
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosna Forooghirad
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Khoshsirat
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Asghar Peyvandi
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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32
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D'Antin JC, Barraquer RI, Tresserra F, Michael R. Prevention of posterior capsule opacification through intracapsular hydrogen peroxide or distilled water treatment in human donor tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12739. [PMID: 30143742 PMCID: PMC6109042 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31178-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to determine whether posterior capsule opacification after cataract surgery, could be delayed or inhibited through the application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or distilled water (H2Od),we extracted lens capsules from 25 human donor eye globes. Samples were treated for 5 min with either 30 mM H2O2 or H2Od or used as controls, and cultured for one month, during which dark field and tilt illumination photos were taken. These were used to observe and quantify, time until cellular growth and confluence on the posterior capsule. After culture, histological sections were stained for H&E, α-SMA, Ki-67 and vimentin and evaluated. We prevented cellular growth in 50% of H2Od and 58% H2O2 of treated samples. The overall prevention of cell growth compared to cultured controls was significant for both treatments while there was no significant difference between them. In the cases where cellular growth was not prevented, both treatments significantly delay cellular growth. Until day 28 none of the treated samples of either type that had shown growth reached total confluence. All cultured controls reached total confluence before treated samples (median = day 11.5). Also, histologically, there was a clear morphological difference between cultured controls and treated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Christopher D'Antin
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael I Barraquer
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain. .,Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - Ralph Michael
- Institut Universitari Barraquer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Oftalmología Barraquer, Barcelona, Spain
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Tan M, Özgül OF, Bardak B, Ekşioğlu I, Sabuncuoğlu S. Drug response prediction by ensemble learning and drug-induced gene expression signatures. Genomics 2018; 111:1078-1088. [PMID: 31533900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic response of cancer cells to a given compound is one of the most fundamental information one requires to design anti-cancer drugs. Recently, considerable amount of drug-induced gene expression data has become publicly available, in addition to cytotoxicity databases. These large sets of data provided an opportunity to apply machine learning methods to predict drug activity. However, due to the complexity of cancer drug mechanisms, none of the existing methods is perfect. In this paper, we propose a novel ensemble learning method to predict drug response. In addition, we attempt to use the drug screen data together with two novel signatures produced from the drug-induced gene expression profiles of cancer cell lines. Finally, we evaluate predictions by in vitro experiments in addition to the tests on data sets. The predictions of the methods, the signatures and the software are available from http://mtan.etu.edu.tr/drug-response-prediction/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Tan
- Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ozan Fırat Özgül
- Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Batuhan Bardak
- Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Işıksu Ekşioğlu
- Department of Computer Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Zakaria NNA, Okello EJ, Howes MJ, Birch-Machin MA, Bowman A. In vitro protective effects of an aqueous extract of Clitoria ternatea L. flower against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and UV-induced mtDNA damage in human keratinocytes. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1064-1072. [PMID: 29464849 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The traditional practice of eating the flowers of Clitoria ternatea L. or drinking their infusion as herbal tea in some of the Asian countries is believed to promote a younger skin complexion and defend against skin aging. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of C. ternatea flower water extract (CTW) against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity and ultraviolet (UV)-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage in human keratinocytes. The protective effect against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity was determined by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium assay, and mtDNA damage induced by UV was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Preincubation of HaCaT with 100, 250, and 500 μg/ml CTW reduced cytotoxicity effects of H2 O2 compared with control (H2 O2 alone). CTW also significantly reduced mtDNA damage in UV-exposed HaCaT (p < .05). CTW was chemically-characterized using high resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds detected were assigned as anthocyanins derived from delphinidin, including polyacylated ternatins, and flavonol glycosides derived from quercetin and kaempferol. These results demonstrated the protective effects of C. ternatea flower extracts that contain polyacylated anthocyanins and flavonol glycosides as major constituents, against H2 O2 and UV-induced oxidative stress on skin cells, and may provide some explanation for the putative traditional and cosmetic uses of C. ternatea flower against skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N N A Zakaria
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Agriculture Building, Kings Road, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.,Faculty of Agro-based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - E J Okello
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - M-J Howes
- Natural Capital and Plant Health, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, TW9 3AB, UK
| | - M A Birch-Machin
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Bowman
- Dermatological Sciences, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Selby-Pham SNB, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR, Ng K, Bennett LE, Howell KS. Dietary Phytochemicals Promote Health by Enhancing Antioxidant Defence in a Pig Model. Nutrients 2017; 9:E758. [PMID: 28708113 PMCID: PMC5537872 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytochemical-rich diets are protective against chronic diseases and mediate their protective effect by regulation of oxidative stress (OS). However, it is proposed that under some circumstances, phytochemicals can promote production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, which might drive OS-mediated signalling. Here, we investigated the effects of administering single doses of extracts of red cabbage and grape skin to pigs. Blood samples taken at baseline and 30 min intervals for 4 hours following intake were analyzed by measures of antioxidant status in plasma, including Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. In addition, dose-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by the same extracts was measured in untreated commercial pig plasma in vitro. Plasma from treated pigs showed extract dose-dependent increases in non-enzymatic (plasma TEAC) and enzymatic (GPx) antioxidant capacities. Similarly, extract dose-dependent increases in H₂O₂ were observed in commercial pig plasma in vitro. The antioxidant responses to extracts by treated pigs were highly correlated with their respective yields of H₂O₂ production in vitro. These results support that dietary phytochemicals regulate OS via direct and indirect antioxidant mechanisms. The latter may be attributed to the ability to produce H₂O₂ and to thereby stimulate cellular antioxidant defence systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N B Selby-Pham
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Jeremy J Cottrell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Frank R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Ken Ng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Louise E Bennett
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, 671 Sneydes Road, Werribee, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - Kate S Howell
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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Pharaoh G, Pulliam D, Hill S, Sataranatarajan K, Van Remmen H. Ablation of the mitochondrial complex IV assembly protein Surf1 leads to increased expression of the UPR(MT) and increased resistance to oxidative stress in primary cultures of fibroblasts. Redox Biol 2016; 8:430-8. [PMID: 27208630 PMCID: PMC4878459 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice deficient in the electron transport chain (ETC) complex IV assembly protein SURF1 have reduced assembly and activity of cytochrome c oxidase that is associated with an upregulation of components of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRMT) and increased mitochondrial number. We hypothesized that the upregulation of proteins associated with the UPRMT in response to reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity in Surf1−/− mice might contribute to increased stress resistance. To test this hypothesis we asked whether primary cultures of fibroblasts from Surf1−/− mice exhibit enhanced resistance to stressors compared to wild-type fibroblasts. Here we show that primary dermal fibroblasts isolated from Surf1−/− mice have increased expression of UPRMT components ClpP and Hsp60, and increased expression of Lon protease. Fibroblasts from Surf1−/− mice are significantly more resistant to cell death caused by oxidative stress induced by paraquat or tert-Butyl hydroperoxide compared to cells from wild-type mice. In contrast, Surf1−/− fibroblasts show no difference in sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide stress. The enhanced cell survival in response to paraquat or tert-Butyl hydroperoxide in Surf1−/− fibroblasts compared to wild-type fibroblasts is associated with induced expression of Lon, ClpP, and Hsp60, increased maximal respiration, and increased reserve capacity as measured using the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Overall these data support a protective role for the activation of the UPRMT in cell survival. Surf1−/− mice fibroblasts exhibit upregulation of proteins involved in the UPRMT. Mitochondrial specific oxidative stressors induce UPRMT in mammalian fibroblasts. Surf1−/− fibroblasts exhibit enhanced mitochondrial specific stress resistance. Surf1−/− fibroblasts have increased maximal respiration and respiratory reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Pharaoh
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 940 S.L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Daniel Pulliam
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Shauna Hill
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229, United States
| | - Kavithalakshmi Sataranatarajan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
| | - Holly Van Remmen
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Oklahoma City VA Medical Center, 921 NE 13th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States; Department of Physiology, Oklahoma University Health Science Center, 940 S.L. Young Blvd, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States.
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Dai J, Liu H, Zhou J, Huang K. Selenoprotein R Protects Human Lens Epithelial Cells against D-Galactose-Induced Apoptosis by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:231. [PMID: 26875981 PMCID: PMC4783963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient for humans. Much of selenium's beneficial influence on health is attributed to its presence within 25 selenoproteins. Selenoprotein R (SelR), known as methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 (MsrB1), is a selenium-dependent enzyme that, like other Msrs, is required for lens cell viability. In order to investigate the roles of SelR in protecting human lens epithelial (hLE) cells against damage, the influences of SelR gene knockdown on d-galactose-induced apoptosis in hLE cells were studied. The results showed that both d-galactose and SelR gene knockdown by siRNA independently induced oxidative stress. When SelR-gene-silenced hLE cells were exposed to d-galactose, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) protein level was further increased, mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly decreased and accompanied by a release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. At the same time, the apoptosis cells percentage and the caspase-3 activity were visibly elevated in hLE cells. These results suggested that SelR might protect hLE cell mitochondria and mitigating apoptosis in hLE cells against oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induced by d-galactose, implying that selenium as a micronutrient may play important roles in hLE cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Dai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Kaixun Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Blázquez-Castro A, Stockert JC. In vitro human cell responses to a low-dose photodynamic treatment vs. mild H2O2 exposure. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 143:12-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Erickson-DiRenzo E, Sivasankar MP, Thibeault SL. Utility of cell viability assays for use with ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue. Laryngoscope 2014; 125:E180-5. [PMID: 25511412 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Ex vivo models are routinely used to investigate the barrier function of the vocal fold epithelium. However, there are limited reports on assays that can be used to investigate the effect of clinically relevant challenges on vocal fold epithelial tissue viability. Our objective was to determine the utility of two assays routinely used in cell culture-a cellular metabolic activity assay and a cell membrane integrity assay-to investigate the viability of ex vivo porcine vocal fold epithelium. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, ex vivo animal study. METHODS Porcine vocal folds were exposed to acrolein, hydrochloric acid, or hydrogen peroxide challenge. An untreated, sham challenge was included as a control. Assays including metabolic activity, cell membrane integrity, and histology were used to determine whether challenges reduced epithelial viability as compared to sham. RESULTS Cell membrane integrity and metabolic activity assays detected reductions in viability following hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide challenges but not acrolein challenge as compared to sham. No challenge produced significant changes in epithelial appearance as evidenced by light microscopy. CONCLUSIONS Metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity assays are valuable tools that can be used to evaluate the viability of ex vivo vocal fold epithelial tissue following clinically relevant challenges. As viability is reduced, the ability of epithelial tissue to maintain its barrier function is compromised. Accurate assessment of viability may provide us clues into understanding mechanisms underlying vocal fold epithelial injury and disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 125:E180-E185, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Erickson-DiRenzo
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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Endogenous hydrogen peroxide production in the epithelium of the developing embryonic lens. Mol Vis 2014; 20:458-67. [PMID: 24744606 PMCID: PMC3984042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an endogenously produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) present in a variety of mammalian systems. This particular ROS can play dichotomous roles, being beneficial in some cases and deleterious in others, which reflects the level and location of H2O2 production. While much is known about the redox regulation of ROS by antioxidant and repair systems in the lens, little is known about the endogenous production of H2O2 in embryonic lens tissue or the physiologic relevance of endogenous H2O2 to lens development. This gap in knowledge exists primarily from a lack of reagents that can specifically detect endogenous H2O2 in the intact lens. Here, using a recently developed chemoselective fluorescent boronate probe, peroxyfluor-6 acetoxymethyl ester (PF6-AM), which selectively detects H2O2 over related ROS, we examined the endogenous H2O2 signals in the embryonic lens. METHODS Embryonic day 10 chick whole lenses in ex vivo organ culture and lens epithelial cells in primary culture were loaded with the H2O2 probe PF6-AM. To determine the relationship between localization of mitochondria with active membrane potential and the region of H2O2 production in the lens, cells were exposed to the mitochondrial probe MitoTracker Red CMXRos together with PF6-AM. Diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), a flavin inhibitor that blocks generation of intracellular ROS production, was used to confirm that the signal from PF6-AM was due to endogenous ROS production. All imaging was performed by live confocal microscopy. RESULTS PF6-AM detected endogenous H2O2 in lens epithelial cells in whole lenses in ex vivo culture and in lens epithelial cells grown in primary culture. No endogenous H2O2 signal could be detected in differentiating lens fiber cells with this probe. Treatment with DPI markedly attenuated the fluorescence signal from the peroxide-specific probe PF6-AM in the lens epithelium, suggesting that basal generation of ROS occurs in this region. The lens epithelial cells producing an endogenous H2O2 signal were also rich in actively respiring mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS PF6-AM can be used as an effective reagent to detect the presence and localization of endogenous H2O2 in live lens cells.
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Jia Y, Li Y, Du S, Huang K. Involvement of MsrB1 in the regulation of redox balance and inhibition of peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2012; 100:7-16. [PMID: 22713178 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2012.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Methionine sulfoxide reductases (Msrs) in lens cells are important for the maintenance of lens cell viability and resistance to oxidative stress damage. Peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), as a strong oxidizing and nitrating agent, occurred in diabetic retinopathy patients and diabetic model animal. In an attempt to shed light on the roles of MsrB1, known as selenoprotein R, in protecting human lens epithelial (HLE) cells against peroxynitrite damage, and contribution of loss of its normal activity to cataract, the influences of MsrB1 gene silencing on peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis in HLE cells were studied. The results showed that both exogenous peroxynitrite and MsrB1 gene silencing by short interfering RNA (siRNA) independently resulted in oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, activation of caspase-3 as well as an increase of apoptosis in HLE cells; moreover, when MsrB1-gene-silenced cells were exposed to 300 μM peroxynitrite, these indexes were further aggravated at the same conditions and DNA strand breaks occurred. The results demonstrate that in HLE cells MsrB1 may play important roles in regulating redox balance and mitigating ER stress as induced by oxidative stress under physiological conditions; MsrB1 may also protect HLE cells against peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3 and oxidative damage of DNA under pathological conditions. Our results imply that loss of its normal activity is likely to contribute to cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, People's Republic of China.
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Alper R, Fu X, Erickson-Levendoski E, Zheng W, Sivasankar M. Acute stress to excised vocal fold epithelium from reactive oxygen species. Laryngoscope 2011; 121:2180-4. [PMID: 21898441 PMCID: PMC3183277 DOI: 10.1002/lary.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Vocal fold epithelium is exposed to reactive oxygen species from the inhaled environment and from tissue inflammation. The objective of this study was to explore the functional and structural consequences of reactive oxygen species exposure on vocal fold epithelium. STUDY DESIGN In vitro, prospective study design. METHODS Hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a common reactive oxygen species, was utilized in this study. Freshly excised, viable porcine vocal fold epithelia (N = 32) were exposed to H(2) O(2) or sham challenge for 2 hours. Electrophysiology, western blotting, and light microscopy were used to quantify the functional and structural effects of reactive oxygen species on vocal fold epithelia. RESULTS Exposure to reactive oxygen species did not significantly alter transepithelial resistance. There was a small, nonsignificant trend for decreased concentration of epithelial junctional complex protein with reactive oxygen species challenge. Minimal changes to the gross structural appearance of vocal fold epithelia were also noted. CONCLUSIONS The stratified squamous epithelia of the vocal folds effectively defend against an acute reactive oxygen species challenge. The current study lays the groundwork for future investigations on the effects of reactive oxygen species on vocal fold epithelia that are compromised from phonotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Alper
- Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Xue Fu
- Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Wei Zheng
- Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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High dose of ascorbic acid induces cell death in mesothelioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 394:249-53. [PMID: 20171954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-related fatal disease with no effective cure. Recently, high dose of ascorbate in cancer treatment has been reexamined. We studied whether high dose of ascorbic acid induced cell death of four human mesothelioma cell lines. High dose of ascorbic acid induced cell death of all mesothelioma cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. We further clarified the cell killing mechanism that ascorbic acid induced reactive oxygen species and impaired mitochondrial membrane potential. In vivo experiment, intravenous administration of ascorbic acid significantly decreased the growth rate of mesothelioma tumor inoculated in mice. These data suggest that ascorbic acid may have benefits for patients with mesothelioma.
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Halder N, Joshi S, Nag TC, Tandon R, Gupta SK. Ocimum sanctum extracts attenuate hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxic ultrastructural changes in human lens epithelial cells. Phytother Res 2010; 23:1734-7. [PMID: 19441070 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is the major oxidant involved in cataract formation. The present study investigated the effect of an aqueous leaf extract of Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) against H2O2 induced cytotoxic changes in human lens epithelial cells (HLEC). Donor eyes of the age range 20-40 years were procured within 5-8 h of death. After several washings with gentamicin (50 mL/L) and betadine (10 mL/L), clear transparent lenses (n=6 in each group) were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) alone (normal) or in DMEM containing 100 microm of H2O2 (control) or in DMEM containing both H2O2 (100 microm) and 150 microg/mL of Ocimum sanctum extract (treated) for 30 min at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 and 95% air. Following incubation, the semi-hardened epithelium of each lens was carefully removed, fixed and processed for electron microscopic studies. Thin sections (60-70 mm) were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and viewed under a transmission electron microscope. Normal epithelial cells showed intact, euchromatic nucleus with few small vacuoles (diameter 0.58+/-0.6 microm) in well-demarcated cytoplasm. After treatment with H2O2, they showed pyknotic nuclei with clumping of chromatin and ill-defined edges. The cytoplasm was full of vacuoles (diameter 1.61+/-0.7 microm). The overall cellular morphology was typical of dying cells. Treatment of cells with Ocimum sanctum extract protected the epithelial cells from H2O2 insult and maintained their normal architecture. The mean diameter of the vacuoles was 0.66+/-0.2 microm. The results indicate that extracts of O. sanctum have an important protective role against H2O2 injury in HLEC by maintaining the normal cellular architecture. The protection could be due to its ability to reduce H2O2 through its antioxidant property and thus reinforcing the concept that the extracts can penetrate the HLEC membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Halder
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Gajjar D, Patel D, Alapure B, Praveen MR, Patel A, Johar K, Vasavada AR. Rapid action of oestradiol against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in cataractous lens epithelium: an in vitro study. Eye (Lond) 2008; 23:1456-63. [DOI: 10.1038/eye.2008.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Jin HY, Yao K, Ma J, Li HW, Tang XJ. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) down regulate caveolin expression in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893307060064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wilhelm J, Smistík Z, Mahelková G, Vytásek R. Redox regulation of proliferation of lens epithelial cells in culture. Cell Biochem Funct 2007; 25:317-21. [PMID: 17191273 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Both oxidants and antioxidants have been shown to modulate cell proliferation. We studied the effects of hydrogen peroxide and two antioxidants on the rate of proliferation of lens epithelial cells in culture. Hydrogen peroxide at concentrations higher than 32 microM caused a significant inhibition of proliferation. However, in the concentration range of 0.01-0.5 microM, hydrogen peroxide stimulated the rate of proliferation. The effect of hydrogen peroxide was dependent on the amount of cells in an individual culture well, indicating decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by cellular enzymes. In order to eliminate the possibility of decomposition of the dose of hydrogen peroxide given as a bolus, we induced continual production of hydrogen peroxide by adding glucose oxidase to the incubation medium. We found that hydrogen peroxide, generated by 1-50 microU x ml(-1) of glucose oxidase significantly increased the rate of cell proliferation. This effect was most apparent at the beginning of the exponential phase of cellular growth. Glucose oxidase alone (100-500 microU x ml(-1)) did not produce any effect. The effects of pro-oxidative hydrogen peroxide were compared with the effects of two biologically important antioxidants, alpha-tocopherol and retinol. Both antioxidants completely inhibited proliferation at concentrations of 30 microM and higher. In contrast to retinol, the effect of alpha-tocopherol was dependent on the amount of cells, indicating cellular decomposition of alpha-tocopherol. The results document the possibility of redox regulation of cellular proliferation at physiologically relevant reactant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wilhelm
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, 2nd Medical School, Charles University and Center for Experimental Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
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van Kooten TG, Koopmans S, Terwee T, Norrby S, Hooymans JMM, Busscher HJ. Development of an accommodating intra-ocular lens--in vitro prevention of re-growth of pig and rabbit lens capsule epithelial cells. Biomaterials 2006; 27:5554-60. [PMID: 16872673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2006.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/29/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cataract surgery is routinely performed to replace the clouded lens by a rigid polymeric intra-ocular lens unable to accommodate. By implanting a silicone gel into an intact capsular bag the accommodating properties of the natural lens can be maintained or enhanced. The implantation success of accommodating lenses is hampered by the occurrence of capsular opacification (PCO) due to lens epithelial cell (LEC) growth. In order to prevent LEC proliferation, a treatment regime using actinomycin D, cycloheximide and water was developed. The effectiveness of treatment was analyzed using an in vitro, MTT-based cell culture system and an ex vivo pig eye model in which the implanted lens-in-the-bag is cultured as a whole. LEC were exposed to treatment solutions for 5 min, then the cells were allowed to recover and to re-colonize the substratum. MTT conversion by cells was transiently inhibited by cycloheximide dissolved in water and by water alone. Exposure to actinomycin D resulted in a lasting inhibition of MTT conversion and consequently cell proliferation. These in vitro data could not be fully reproduced in the ex vivo pig eye model due to essential differences between both models. Treatment with actinomycin D containing solutions, however, resulted in a nearly complete absence of cells on the capsular wall. The pig eye model is a promising approach to further evaluate the effects of peri-surgical treatment during the accommodating intra-ocular lens implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo G van Kooten
- Department of BioMedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a well-documented component of living cells. It plays important roles in host defense and oxidative biosynthetic reactions. In addition there is growing evidence that at low levels, H2O2 also functions as a signaling agent, particularly in higher organisms. This review evaluates the evidence that H2O2 functions as a signaling agent in higher organisms in light of the known biology and biochemistry of H2O2. All aerobic organisms studied to date from prokaryotes to humans appear to tightly regulate their intracellular H2O2 concentrations at relatively similar levels. Multiple biochemical strategies for rapidly reacting with these low endogenous levels of H2O2 have been elucidated from the study of peroxidases and catalases. Well-defined biochemical pathways involved in the response to exogenous H2O2 have been described in both prokaryotes and yeast. In animals and plants, regulated enzymatic systems for generating H2O2 have been described. In addition oxidation-dependent steps in signal transduction pathways are being uncovered, and evidence is accumulating regarding the nature of the specific reactive oxygen species involved in each of these pathways. Application of physiologic levels of H2O2 to mammalian cells has been shown to stimulate biological responses and to activate specific biochemical pathways in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Stone
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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Luppi F, Aarbiou J, van Wetering S, Rahman I, de Boer WI, Rabe KF, Hiemstra PS. Effects of cigarette smoke condensate on proliferation and wound closure of bronchial epithelial cells in vitro: role of glutathione. Respir Res 2005; 6:140. [PMID: 16309548 PMCID: PMC1315328 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-6-140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased airway epithelial proliferation is frequently observed in smokers. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to these epithelial changes, we studied the effect of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on cell proliferation, wound closure and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. We also studied whether modulation of intracellular glutathione/thiol levels could attenuate CSC-induced cell proliferation. Methods Cells of the bronchial epithelial cell line NCI-H292 and subcultures of primary bronchial epithelial cells were used for the present study. The effect of CSC on epithelial proliferation was assessed using 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. Modulation of epithelial wound repair was studied by analysis of closure of 3 mm circular scrape wounds during 72 hours of culture. Wound closure was calculated from digital images obtained at 24 h intervals. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases was assessed by Western blotting using phospho-specific antibodies. Results At low concentrations CSC increased proliferation of NCI-H292 cells, whereas high concentrations were inhibitory as a result of cytotoxicity. Low concentrations of CSC also increased epithelial wound closure of both NCI-H292 and PBEC, whereas at high concentrations closure was inhibited. At low, mitogenic concentrations, CSC caused persistent activation of ERK1/2, a MAPK involved in cell proliferation. Inhibition of cell proliferation by high concentrations of CSC was associated with activation of the pro-apoptotic MAP kinases p38 and JNK. Modulation of intracellular glutathione (GSH)/thiol levels using N-acetyl-L-cysteine, GSH or buthionine sulphoximine (BSO), demonstrated that both the stimulatory and the inhibitory effects of CSC were regulated in part by intracellular GSH levels. Conclusion These results indicate that CSC may increase cell proliferation and wound closure dependent on the local concentration of cigarette smoke and the anti-oxidant status. These findings are consistent with increased epithelial proliferation in smokers, and may provide further insight in the development of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Luppi
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jamil Aarbiou
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra van Wetering
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irfan Rahman
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Division of Lung Biology and Disease, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Willem I de Boer
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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