1
|
Xuan M, Wang D, Xiao O, Guo X, Zhang J, Yin Q, Wang W, He M, Li Z. Choroidal Vascularity and Axial Length Elongation in Highly Myopic Children: A 2-Year Longitudinal Investigation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:7. [PMID: 39102263 PMCID: PMC11309040 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To examine the influence of subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) on axial length (AL) elongation over a 2-year period in highly myopic children. Methods In this is prospective, longitudinal, observational study, 163 participants (74%), who were 8 to 18 years of age with bilateral high myopia (sphere ≤ -6.0 D) and without pathologic myopia, completed follow-up visits over 2 years. All participants underwent baseline and follow-up ocular examinations, including swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and AL measurements. SFCT and CVI were derived from SS-OCT scans using a deep-learning-based program for choroidal structure assessment. Results The mean age of the participants at baseline was 15.0 years (±2.3), with males constituting 47% of the cohort. An inverse relationship was observed between AL elongation and increases in baseline age, baseline SFCT, and CVI, as well as a decrease in baseline AL. Adjusting for other factors, every 10-µm increase in SFCT and each 1% increase in CVI were associated with decreases in AL elongation of 0.007 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.013 to -0.002; P = 0.011) and 0.010 mm (95% CI, -0.019 to 0.000; P = 0.050), respectively. The incorporation of SFCT or CVI into predictive models improved discrimination over models using only age, gender, and baseline AL (both P < 0.05, likelihood ratio test). Conclusions Our findings suggest a possible association between a thinner choroid and increased AL elongation over 2 years in children with high myopia, after adjusting for potential baseline risk factors such as age, gender, and initial AL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Decai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ou Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinxing Guo
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxia Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingguang He
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Centre for SHARP Vision, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Zhixi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang L, Niu H, Sun W, Zhang D, Li S, Hao S, Wang M, Wang C, Hu J, Li X. Structural, blood flow and functional changes in the macular area and the expression of aqueous humor factors in myopia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1335084. [PMID: 39086954 PMCID: PMC11288906 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1335084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare the macular area parameters and aqueous humor factors between myopia and emmetropia. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select patients who visited the Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital's department of ophthalmology from December 2018 to December 2022 as the study participants. They were divided into three groups according to whether they were diagnosed as mild myopia myopic, highly myopic or not as follows: the mild myopia group (60 cases, 108 eyes), the high myopia group (46 cases, 78 eyes) and the healthy emmetropia group (40 cases, 65 eyes). The differences in the macular integrity (MI) assessment, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography parameters and aqueous humor factors were compared between the three groups. Results AL in high myopia group was the highest, and that in emmetropia group was the lowest. The BCVA of mild myopia group was the highest. The RS in the high myopia group were significantly lowest in the three groups (26.42 ± 1.04 vs. 28.34 ± 0.76 vs. 31.92 ± 0.77) (F = 5.374, p = 0.013). The 63% BCEA, 95% BCEA and MI in the high myopia group were significantly highest (p < 0.05). The mean RPE thickness, mean CT and mean RT in the high myopia group were lowest (p < 0.05). The blood flow density were lowest in the superficial fovea, paracentral fovea and different subdivisions of the paracentral fovea in the high myopia group (p < 0.05). The VEGF concentration in the aqueous humor of the high myopia group was lowest (25.62 ± 17.43 vs. 32.45 ± 24.67 vs. 64.37 ± 21.14) (F = 9.237, p < 0.001). The MMP-2 concentration was highest (483 ± 201.48 vs. 410 ± 142.37 vs. 386 ± 154.34) (F = 5.542, p = 0.018). The VEGF concentration in the aqueous humor factor was negatively correlated with the AL in the myopia group (r = -0.438, p = 0.002), the MMP-2 concentration was positively correlated with the AL (r = 0.484, p = 0.010). Conclusion Patients with high myopia showed decreased retinal light sensitivity, fixation stability, superficial blood flow density and retinal thickness compared with people with emmetropia. A decreased VEGF concentration and increased MMP-2 concentration in the aqueous humor factor have potential associations with the development of high myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital, Changzhi, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taiyuan Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Honglei Niu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wencui Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Dongchang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuangnong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Aier Eye Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shaofeng Hao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Heji Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, China
| | - Minting Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Junping Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital, Changzhi, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzhi Aier Eye Hospital, Changzhi, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sui J, Li H, Bai Y, He Q, Sun Z, Wei R. Morphological characteristics of the foveal avascular zone in pathological myopia and its relationship with macular structure and microcirculation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:2121-2133. [PMID: 38367069 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-024-06403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the characteristics of macular structure, microcirculation, and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) morphology in pathological myopia and to research the associations between these factors and pathological myopia. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study. The study included 103 eyes with non-high myopia and 206 eyes with high myopia (139 with simple high myopia and 67 with pathological myopia). Macular structural and microcirculation parameters were determined using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The FAZ morphological parameters were measured manually using Image J software. Correlations between pathological myopia and various factors were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with pathological myopia had a thinner retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT) and a lower retinal superficial vascular density (SVD), retinal deep vascular complex density (DVD), choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) (all P < 0.05). Patients with pathological myopia had a larger FAZ area, perimeter, major axis, minor axis, acircularity index (AI), and lower circularity index (CI) (all P < 0.01). The axial length (AL), the major axis of the superficial FAZ, CI, and AI were significantly correlated with myopia severity (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with pathological myopia exhibited worse macular microcirculation and thinner macular retina and choroid. The FAZ in pathological myopia was larger and more irregular. The AL, CI, and AI were significantly associated with myopia severity. Thus, CI and AI might serve as new indicators for monitoring the progression of myopia. Further investigations should be performed. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov Identifier: ChiCTR2100046590.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Sui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Haoru Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Qing He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ziwen Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Ruihua Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, 300384, China.
- Tianjin Binhai High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, No. 251 Fukang Road, Huayuan Industrial Zone (Nankai District), Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao L, Tan M, Zhang J, Hao M, Liang S, Ji M, Guan H. Comparative study of FLACS vs conventional phacoemulsification for cataract patients with high myopia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2024; 50:624-630. [PMID: 38350159 PMCID: PMC11146191 DOI: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the short-term changes in cornea, retina, and choroid of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) with conventional phacoemulsification (CPS) in high myopia patients with cataract. SETTING Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, China. DESIGN Prospective single-center study. METHODS Demographics, ocular clinical features, ultrasound power, absolute phacoemulsification time, and effective phacoemulsification time were recorded for each patient. Endothelial cell density (ECD), central corneal thickness (CCT), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), center foveal thickness (CFT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were evaluated preoperatively and at 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months postoperatively. Intraoperative parameters and intraoperative/postoperative complications were recorded. RESULTS 97 eyes (46 eyes and 51 eyes in the FLACS and CPS groups, respectively) were included and analyzed. Effective phacoemulsification time was lower in the FLACS group compared with the CPS group ( P < .05). The increase in CCT was significantly lower in the FLACS group compared with the CPS group at 1 week and 1 month ( P < .05). CDVA and IOP were similar in both groups at the final visit ( P > .05). The ECD decreased was lower among CPS patients compared with FLACS patients. CFT, SFCT, and CVI increase in both groups but were increased more in the CPS group with high myopia patients. No serious complications occurred in either group. CONCLUSIONS FLACS is a more safety and effective in cataract patients with high myopia. It has advantages in effectively reducing EPT and promoting faster recovery of the cornea, macular, and choroidal thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Zhao
- From the Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (Zhao, Tan, Zhang, Liang, Ji, Guan); Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, China (Hao)
| | - Mengjia Tan
- From the Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (Zhao, Tan, Zhang, Liang, Ji, Guan); Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, China (Hao)
| | - Junfang Zhang
- From the Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (Zhao, Tan, Zhang, Liang, Ji, Guan); Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, China (Hao)
| | - Mengyao Hao
- From the Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (Zhao, Tan, Zhang, Liang, Ji, Guan); Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, China (Hao)
| | - Shu Liang
- From the Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (Zhao, Tan, Zhang, Liang, Ji, Guan); Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, China (Hao)
| | - Min Ji
- From the Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (Zhao, Tan, Zhang, Liang, Ji, Guan); Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, China (Hao)
| | - Huaijin Guan
- From the Eye Institute, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China (Zhao, Tan, Zhang, Liang, Ji, Guan); Yixing People's Hospital, Wuxi, China (Hao)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Liu X, Huang J, Deng R, Zhao S, Chen Y, Chen Z, Wang Y, Rong Y, Liu Q, Qu J, Mao X. Reduced contrast sensitivity function is correlated with changes to cone photoreceptors in simple high myopia. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1274651. [PMID: 38586194 PMCID: PMC10995362 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1274651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) changes in simple high myopia (SHM) and evaluate the correlations between these changes with the early changes in the retinal microstructure. Methods This prospective study comprised 81 subjects, 20 with emmetropia (EM), 26 with low myopia and moderate myopia (LM/MM), and 35 with SHM. The area under the log CSF curve (AULCSF) and the cut-off spatial frequency (Cut-off SF) were employed as measures of CSF. Adaptive optics (AO) was employed to quantify the cone density, spacing, and regularity. The thickness and blood flow of the retinal sublayers were determined from vertical and horizontal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) A-scans. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was employed to analyze the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity using a custom algorithm. Differences in the retinal and choroidal parameters, cone distribution, AULCSF, and Cut-off SF were compared among the three groups. Multivariate linear mixed models were used to elucidate the associations between photoreceptor morphological alterations, retinal and choroidal parameters, and AULCSF. Results The AULCSF and Cut-off SF were significantly lower in the SHM group compared to the EM and LM groups (p < 0.05). The SHM group had less cone density, larger cone spacing, and lower cone regularity than the EM and LM/MM groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, the thickness of the inner segment of photoreceptors (IS), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and choroid were reduced, and the outer segment of photoreceptors (OS) was thicker in the SHM group compared to the EM and LM/MM groups (all p < 0.05). A longer axial length (AL) was correlated with decreased AULCSF, cone density, and cone spacing (r = -0.800 to 0.752, all p < 0.050). Additionally, decreased CSF was correlated with lower cone density (r = 0.338, p = 0.035). Conclusion Decreased contrast sensitivity was observed in patients with SHM and cone density was significantly correlated with reduced AUCSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiefang Wang
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinting Liu
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ruoyun Deng
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sijun Zhao
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhaohe Chen
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinjie Mao
- Eye Hospital and School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Vision Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu J, Lin C, Du Y, Fan SJ, Pan L, Pan Q, Cao K, Wang N. Macular thickness and its associated factors in a Chinese rural adult population: the Handan Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2023; 107:1864-1872. [PMID: 36162970 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-321766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the normal macular thickness and assess its associations. METHODS The Handan Eye Follow-up Study was conducted between 2012 and 2013. Macular thickness was scanned by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). The built-in software generated a retinal thickness (RT) map, which was divided into three regions (central, internal and external regions) and nine quadrants (one in central and four in internal and external regions each). RESULTS For 5394 subjects in the Handan Eye Follow-up Study, 4793 received OCT examination, 2946 of whom (accounting for 61.46% of the total subjects, mean age 58.91±10.95, 55.6% were women) were included for analysis. The mean RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were (237.38 µm±23.05 µm), (309.77 µm±18.36 µm) and (278.29 µm±14.38 µm), respectively (overall difference, p<0.001). In inner ring, the RT in temporal was thinnest, followed by nasal, superior and inferior. In outer ring, the RT in superior was thinnest, with the next subfields being temporal, inferior and nasal, respectively. The RT in central macula, inner and outer rings were significantly thicker in men than in women. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that in central macula, RT increased in subjects younger than 60 years and thinned above the age of 60. In inner and outer rings, RT thinned along with age (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study finds that RT in central macula is the thinnest, followed by the outer ring, the RT in the inner ring is the thickest. Age and gender are related to RT. These associated factors need to be considered when explaining RT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Caixia Lin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Du
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Su Jie Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Handan City Eye Hospital, Handan, Hebei, China
| | - Lijie Pan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Cao
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab, Beijing, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beraldo DP, Rezende MP, Alexander JG, Polido J, Belfort R, Cabral T. Correlations between subfoveal choroidal thickness, macular thickness, and visual outcome in neovascular age-related macular degeneration using swept source OCT: insights from intravitreal aflibercept treatment. Int J Retina Vitreous 2023; 9:70. [PMID: 37968771 PMCID: PMC10652476 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-023-00506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of visual impairment among individuals aged 50 and above, often resulting in irreversible vision loss (1). Currently, antiangiogenic therapy is the primary treatment approach for neovascular AMD (2). The choroid has gained significant attention in recent years due to its involvement in various ocular pathologies (7). The objective of this study was to evaluate visual acuity and correlate pre-treatment variables, such as foveal thickness and choroidal thickness, with post-treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was designed as a prospective interventional study to investigate the changes in choroidal and macular thickness in patients with neovascular AMD who received intravitreal aflibercept injections. The study utilized medical records and employed Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT-SS) for evaluation. The data was collected from patients treated in Presidente Prudente, Brazil, during a three-month load dose period. RESULTS The best-corrected mean visual acuity significantly improved from 1.0 logarithm of the minimum resolution angle (logMAR) units to 0.55 logMAR after treatment with aflibercept (p < 0.001). Patients undergoing treatment exhibited a significant decrease in average macular thickness from 323 μm to 232 μm (p = 0.001), as well as a reduction in choroidal thickness from 206 μm to 172 μm (p = 0.031), while maintaining intraocular pressure within the normal range (p = 0.719) without significant variation. Statistically significant associations were found between the difference in pre- and post-treatment choroidal thickness and the pretreatment values of macular thickness (p = 0.005) and choroidal thickness (p = 0.013). There was also a statistically significant correlation between the difference in pre- and post-treatment macular thickness and the pretreatment macular thickness value (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, aflibercept exhibited remarkable effectiveness in reducing macular and choroidal thickness, as evaluated using OCT-SS, and significantly improved visual acuity in patients with neovascular AMD. The assessment of both choroidal and macular changes, as well as their correlations, can provide valuable insights for clinicians, enabling them to make well-informed therapeutic decisions and effectively monitor treatment outcomes. Notably, this study contributes to the existing body of literature as the first to establish a correlation between pretreatment foveal thickness, variation in choroidal thickness, and post-treatment choroidal thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Beraldo
- Clínica Oftalmo-Retina, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Marcussi P Rezende
- Clínica Oftalmo-Retina, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - João G Alexander
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Júlia Polido
- Department of Specialized Medicine, CCS and Vision Center Unit, Ophthalmology, EBSERH/HUCAM, CCS-UFES-Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, 29047-105, Brazil
| | - Rubens Belfort
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Thiago Cabral
- Department of Ophthalmology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
- Department of Specialized Medicine, CCS and Vision Center Unit, Ophthalmology, EBSERH/HUCAM, CCS-UFES-Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), Vitória, ES, 29047-105, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ciancimino C, Di Pippo M, Rullo D, Ruggeri F, Grassi F, Scuderi G, Abdolrahimzadeh S. An Update on Multimodal Ophthalmological Imaging of Diffuse Choroidal Hemangioma in Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:64. [PMID: 37873892 PMCID: PMC10594527 DOI: 10.3390/vision7040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by facial port-wine stains, leptomeningeal hemangiomas, and prominent ocular manifestations such as glaucoma and diffuse choroidal hemangiomas (DCHs). Imaging modalities are critical for diagnosing and longitudinally monitoring DCHs in SWS. Fundus photography is fundamental in assessing both eyes simultaneously, fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography effectively map the retinal and choroidal circulation, and ultrasonography offers essential structural insights into the choroid and retina. NIR imaging reveals subtle retinal pigment changes, often overlooked in standard fundus examination. Enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-SDOCT) and swept-source OCT (SSOCT) improve the visualization of the choroidal-scleral boundary, essential for DCH characterization. The potential of OCT angiography (OCTA) is under exploration, particularly its role in predicting signs of disease progression or worsening, as well as potential new biomarkers such as the choroidal vascularity index (CVI). The present review aims to provide an update on multimodal imaging of DCHs in SWS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sense Organs (@NESMOS) Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome Sapienza, St. Andrea Hospital, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.D.P.); (D.R.); (F.R.); (F.G.); (S.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Han R, Chang W, Ding X, Jiang R, Chang Q, Xu G, Yu Z, Wei Q. The choroid vascular index and its association with visual acuity in children and young adults with high myopia. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2542-2547. [PMID: 36539600 PMCID: PMC10397268 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-022-02369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the relationship between the choroid vascular index (CVI) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in a young population with high myopia (HM). SUBJECTS/METHODS Three hundred twenty-six patients with HM were recruited. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination and enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). The horizontal and vertical subfoveal choroidal areas within a 3-mm diameter centred over the fovea were selected. Choroid thickness (ChT), horizontal and vertical total choroidal area (TCAH and TCAV), luminal area (LAH and LAV) and stromal area (SAH and SAV) within the 3-mm diameter were assessed. CVI values (CVIH and CVIV), defined as the ratio of LA to TCA, were also calculated. The correlations among choroid parameters and ocular characteristics were analysed. RESULTS The median age, spherical equivalent (SE) and BCVA were 22.4 years, -10.1 dioptres and 0.099 logMAR, respectively. The ChT was thickest on the temporal and superior sides of the macula and thinnest in the nasal region, with a significant difference. The value of CVIH was significantly greater than that of CVIV because SCAH was smaller than SCAV. Both CVIH and CVIV were closely correlated with BCVA in all patients. CONCLUSIONS The CVI is significantly related to BCVA but is not affected by age, axial length or SE, suggesting that the CVI could be used as an adjunct tool for assessing the visual acuity status in patients with HM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiteng Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gezhi Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiaoling Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gupta A, Agarwal P, Sapra H, Sutar S, Chaurasiya RK. Non-pathologic components are associated with reduced visual acuity in myopes after spectacle correction. Indian J Ophthalmol 2023; 71:2862-2865. [PMID: 37417135 PMCID: PMC10491058 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_2_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To find the association between reduced best-corrected visual acuity and non-pathologic components after optical correction in individuals with low to high myopia. Methods Myopic children under 16 years of age were reviewed using electronic medical records and the following data were extracted and recorded: participant's age, gender, uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), manifest refraction, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Spherical equivalent and cylinder were classified into low, moderate, and high categories based on the magnitude range. Similarly, astigmatism was defined into with-the-rule, against-the-rule, and oblique based on the location of the steepest meridian. Reduced BCVA was defined when the decimal visual acuity was less than 0.66 (equivalent to Snellen's acuity of 6/9 or 20/30). Logistic regression was performed to test the factors associated with reduced visual acuity after optical correction in the absence of myopic pathologic changes. Statistical significance was considered if P < 0.05. Results Overall 44.9% (N = 242/538) of myopes had reduced best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and none of the patients had pathologic myopic lesions. Using logistic regression, we found that high spherical refraction (OR 27.98, 95% CI 14.43-54.25, P < 0.001) and moderate spherical refraction (OR 5.52, 95% CI 2.56-11.91, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with reduced best corrected visual acuity despite any pathological lesions. Additionally, oblique and ATR astigmatism were associated with reduced visual acuity in myopic children with (OR 2.05, 95% CI 0.77-5.42) and (OR 1.59, 95% CI 0.82-3.08). Conclusion Higher magnitude of refractive error components causes reduced visual acuity in the absence of pathologic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Gupta
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, C. L. Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pradeep Agarwal
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, C. L. Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Himanshu Sapra
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, C. L. Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samir Sutar
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, C. L. Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ritesh Kumar Chaurasiya
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, C. L. Gupta Eye Institute, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang D, Leung TW, Kee CS. Measuring Retinal Thickness and Visual Acuity in Eyes with Different Types of Astigmatism in a Cohort of Hong Kong Chinese Adults. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:2. [PMID: 36595274 PMCID: PMC9819738 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured retinal thickness (RT) and best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) in eyes with different types of astigmatism. Methods This is a case-control study of 101 participants stratified into With-The-Rule (WTR; n = 41), Against-The-Rule (ATR; n = 25), and control (n = 35) groups by noncycloplegic subjective refraction. Inclusion criteria were ages between 18 and 45 years, spherical-equivalent (SE) refraction ≥-10.00 diopters (D), negative cylindrical power (CYL) ≤-0.75 D with axes of 0 to 30 degrees/150 to 180 degrees for WTR and 60 to 120 degrees for ATR, or CYL ≥-0.25 D for controls. Participants suffering from ocular diseases related to retinal defects, having a history of ocular surgery, with BCDVA >0.10 LogMAR, or poor OCT imaging quality were excluded. Fovea-centered scans were performed using spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT), and RT automatically measured by the inbuilt software. Only right eyes were analyzed. Groups were matched for age, gender, SE, axial length, and corneal curvature. Results One-way ANOVA showed a significant difference in both BCDVA (P = 0.039) and macular RT (P = 0.028) among the three groups. Bonferroni's post hoc test revealed statistically significant between-group differences in BCDVA (WTR vs. controls, P = 0.041), as well as in RT at inner-nasal (WTR vs. ATR, P = 0.034) and outer-temporal subfields (WTR vs. controls, P = 0.042). BCDVA was positively associated with macular RT (r = 0.206, P = 0.041) after adjusting for age, gender, and axial length. Conclusions Greater RT and poorer BCDVA were found in eyes with WTR astigmatism. Our findings suggest that the effect of astigmatism on retinal thickness and BCDVA may vary depending on not only magnitude, but also axis of astigmatism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liang
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz-Wing Leung
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| | - Chea-Su Kee
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,Research Centre for SHARP Vision (RCSV), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Chen S, Lin J, Chen W, Huang H, Fan X, Cao X, Shen M, Ye J, Zhu S, Xue A, Lu F, Shao Y. Vascular Changes of the Choroid and Their Correlations With Visual Acuity in Pathological Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:20. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jue Lin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Fan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Cao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jie Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuangqian Zhu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Anquan Xue
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilei Shao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Li H, He Q, Rong H, Wei R. Assessment of macular structures and vascular characteristics in highly myopic anisometropia using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography. Front Physiol 2022; 13:918393. [PMID: 36045745 PMCID: PMC9421159 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.918393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the macular structures and vascular characteristics of more myopic (MM) and contralateral eyes with highly myopic anisometropia.Methods: Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were performed for 33 patients with highly myopic anisometropia. Macular structures (total retinal layer [TRL], ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer [GCIPL], inner nuclear layer [INL], outer retinal layer [ORL], nerve fiber layer [NFL], choroidal layer [CHL]) and vascular characteristics (superficial vascular complex density [SVD], deep vascular complex density [DVD], choriocapillaris perfusion area [CCPA]) were assessed using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). Macular structures and vascular characteristics of each subregion were compared to those of the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS).Results: With highly myopic anisometropia, the thicknesses of the TRL, GCIPL, INL, and ORL in MM eyes were smaller than those in contralateral eyes in at least one quadrant of the perifoveal and parafoveal circles (all p < 0.05), with no changes in the foveal and temporal quadrants of perifoveal regions (all p > 0.05). A thicker NFL (p = 0.018) was found in MM eyes than in contralateral eyes in the superior perifoveal quadrant. The CHL (all p < 0.05) in MM eyes was thinner in all regions than in the contralateral eyes according to the ETDRS. There were no statistical differences in the SVD, DVD, and CCPA of MM and contralateral eyes (all p > 0.05).Conclusion: All retinal layers, except the NFL, tended to be thinner in all subregions, except the temporal perifoveal and foveal quadrants in MM eyes, and choroidal thickness was thinned in all areas.
Collapse
|
14
|
Li Y, Zheng F, Foo LL, Wong QY, Ting D, Hoang QV, Chong R, Ang M, Wong CW. Advances in OCT Imaging in Myopia and Pathologic Myopia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061418. [PMID: 35741230 PMCID: PMC9221645 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in imaging with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) technology, including the development of swept source OCT/OCTA, widefield or ultra-widefield systems, have greatly improved the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of myopia and myopia-related complications. Anterior segment OCT is useful for imaging the anterior segment of myopes, providing the basis for implantable collamer lens optimization, or detecting intraocular lens decentration in high myopic patients. OCT has enhanced imaging of vitreous properties, and measurement of choroidal thickness in myopic eyes. Widefield OCT systems have greatly improved the visualization of peripheral retinal lesions and have enabled the evaluation of wide staphyloma and ocular curvature. Based on OCT imaging, a new classification system and guidelines for the management of myopic traction maculopathy have been proposed; different dome-shaped macula morphologies have been described; and myopia-related abnormalities in the optic nerve and peripapillary region have been demonstrated. OCTA can quantitatively evaluate the retinal microvasculature and choriocapillaris, which is useful for the early detection of myopic choroidal neovascularization and the evaluation of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in these patients. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence in OCT/OCTA imaging in myopia has achieved promising results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Feihui Zheng
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Li Lian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Qiu Ying Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Daniel Ting
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Quan V. Hoang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rachel Chong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Marcus Ang
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chee Wai Wong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (Y.L.); (F.Z.); (L.L.F.); (Q.Y.W.); (D.T.); (Q.V.H.); (R.C.); (M.A.)
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Chen D, Yang Z, Li X. Atropine Affects the Outer Retina During Inhibiting Form Deprivation Myopia in Guinea Pigs. Curr Eye Res 2022; 47:614-623. [PMID: 35021941 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.2009515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Atropine has been proven to be effective in retarding myopia progression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Our purpose was to detect morphological and functional changes caused by atropine during myopic inhibition. METHOD Twenty 2-week-old guinea pigs were randomly assigned to either the saline group (n = 10) or the atropine group (n = 10). Form-deprived myopia (FDM) and intravitreal injections were applied on the right eyes. The injections were given every 3 days, lasting for 2 weeks. The left eyes served as control. Ocular refraction, axial length, retinal, and choroidal thickness were collected at the start and the end of the experiment. Retinal function was evaluated via full-field electroretinogram (ERG) at the end of treatment. RESULTS The interocular differences (experimental eye minus control eye) of refraction error (RE), vitreous chamber depth (VCD), and axial length (AL) in the saline group were significantly greater than those in the atropine group (RE, VCD: P < .001, AL: P < .0001). The differences in choroidal thickness between the two groups did not reach statistical significance. However, a decreasing trend of choroidal thickness was observed in the saline group but not in the atropine group. Furthermore, the interocular differences of total retinal and outer retinal thickness in the atropine group were much thicker than in the saline group (P < .001 and P < .01, respectively). The treatment did not affect inner retinal thickness. In photopic ERG, the atropine-treated FDM eyes showed significantly greater a-wave amplitudes compared to the saline group. CONCLUSION During the process of inhibiting FDM, atropine showed an effect on the outer retina, most likely on the cones, in guinea pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | | | - Zhikuan Yang
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier School of Optometry, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaoning Li
- Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.,Aier School of Optometry, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xin X, Guo Q, Ming S, Liu C, Wang Z, Lei B. High-Resolution Image Analysis Reveals a Decrease in Lens Thickness and Cone Density in a Cohort of Young Myopic Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:796778. [PMID: 34977098 PMCID: PMC8716878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.796778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To study the association between axial length (AL) and the thickness of the lens, retina, choroid, and cone density with swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and an adaptive optics (AO) fundus camera. Design: A prospective cross-sectional study. Methods: This study included 136 eyes in 68 subjects. SS-OCT was used to quantify the thickness of the lens, ganglion cell complex (GCC) layer, inner nuclear layer (INL), outer retinal layer (ORL), and choroid layer. Adaptive optics was used to quantify spatial features of the cone photoreceptors, including density, spacing, regularity, and dispersion. The associations among the AL and the thickness of lens, retina, choroid, and cone features were evaluated with linear regression. Results: With the severity of myopia, the increased AL was associated with thinning of the lens (P < 0.001, 95% CI: −100.42 to −49.76). The thickness of the ORL and choroid decreased significantly (all P < 0.001), whereas the thickness of the GCC and INL decreased only in the outer ring (both P < 0.01). There was a significant correlation between the cone density/spacing and AL (both P < 0.001). Although cone density was reduced from 25,160/mm2 to 19,134/mm2 in the inner region and from 17,458/mm2 to 13,896/mm2 in the outer region, the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 or greater. Conclusions: We found that the lens thickness (LT), ORL, and cone density decreased in myopia. While decreasing cone density and ORL thickness should be related to axial elongation, decreasing of LT might imply intrinsic physical accommodation. These results provide further morphological changes of myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingge Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuai Ming
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changgeng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhongfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Park DH, Park SW, Sung MS. Choroidal Thickness in Advanced Glaucoma Patients. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2021.62.12.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: We investigated choroidal thickness according to the classification of glaucoma and related factors in patients with advanced glaucoma.Methods: The present study included 133 eyes of 133 advanced glaucoma patients with a mean deviation of <-12 dB. Patients were classified into primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) groups. Factors related to the subfoveal and peripapillary choroidal thickness were analyzed using linear regression analysis.Results: The mean peripapillary choroid thickness was 99.20 ± 46.85 µm in the NTG group, which was significantly thinner than in the POAG group (121.85 ± 45.39 µm, p = 0.006). Additionally, in the sectoral comparison, the NTG group had thinner choroids than the POAG group in all areas (p < 0.05 for all). In the linear regression analysis, glaucoma class (p = 0.007), age (p = 0.005), and intraocular pressure (IOP) (p = 0.024) significantly affected the peripapillary choroid thickness. Moreover, age (p = 0.029) and macular thickness (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with subfoveal choroid thickness.Conclusions: In advanced glaucoma, low baseline IOP, NTG, and old age were significantly associated with a thin peripapillary choroid, suggesting an association between thin peripapillary choroid and the etiology of NTG. Further studies are needed to clarify the significance of a thin choroid in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
Collapse
|
18
|
Xu A, Sun G, Duan C, Chen Z, Chen C. Quantitative Assessment of Three-Dimensional Choroidal Vascularity and Choriocapillaris Flow Signal Voids in Myopic Patients Using SS-OCTA. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11111948. [PMID: 34829297 PMCID: PMC8618547 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11111948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the choroidal vascularity of large- and middle-sized choroidal vessels and choriocapillaris (CC) perfusion in patients with different degrees of myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods: One hundred and thirteen people with myopia were enrolled. SS-OCTA was performed to analyze the choroidal vascularity and CC perfusion. Three-dimensional (3D) choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and choroidal luminal volumes (LV) were obtained by artificial intelligence segmentation of the choroidal lumen in Volume OCT images. CC perfusion was assessed by flow signal voids (FSVs). Results: In the macular, multiple linear regression model showed that choroidal thickness (CT), total choroidal volume, LV, and choroidal stromal volume were negatively correlated with axis length (AL), respectively (all p < 0.001). Three dimensional CVI was negatively associated with AL (p < 0.05). FSV% was positively correlated with age only (p < 0.001). Additionally, after adjustment for age and AL, FSV% had a significant negative correlation with CT (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Choroidal vascularity decreases gradually with increasing severity of myopia. The decrease of CC blood perfusion was related to a higher severity of myopia and the thinning of choroid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhen Chen
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (C.C.); Tel.: +86-130-7276-5173 (C.C.)
| | - Changzheng Chen
- Correspondence: (Z.C.); (C.C.); Tel.: +86-130-7276-5173 (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee SSY, Lingham G, Alonso-Caneiro D, Charng J, Chen FK, Yazar S, Mackey DA. Macular Thickness Profile and Its Association With Best-Corrected Visual Acuity in Healthy Young Adults. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:8. [PMID: 34003942 PMCID: PMC7961121 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.3.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the thickness profiles of the full retinal and outer retinal layers (ORL) at the macula in healthy young adults, and associations with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Methods In total, 1604 participants (19-30 years) underwent an eye examination that included measurements of their BCVA, axial length, and autorefraction. The retinal thickness at the foveal pit and at the nine Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study macular regions (0.5-mm radius around the fovea, and superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal quadrants of the inner and outer rings of the macula) were obtained using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography imaging. A custom program was used to correct for transverse magnification effects because of different axial lengths. Results The median full retinal and ORL thicknesses at the central macula were 285 µm and 92 µm. The full retina was thinnest centrally and thickest at the inner macula ring, whereas the ORL was thickest centrally and gradually decreased in thickness with increasing eccentricity. There was no association between axial length and the full retinal or ORL thickness. Increased thicknesses of the full retina at the central macula was associated with better BCVA; however, the effect size was small and not clinically significant. Conclusions This article mapped the full retinal and ORL thickness profile in a population-based sample of young healthy adults. Translational Relevance Thickness values presented in this article could be used as a normative reference for future studies on young adults and in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sze-Yee Lee
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Queensland University of Technology, Contact Lens and Visual Optics Laboratory, Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Charng
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fred Kuanfu Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.,Royal Perth Hospital, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.,Single Cell and Computational Genomics Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Anthony Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), University of Western Australia, Western Australia, Australia.,Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ohno-Matsui K, Wu PC, Yamashiro K, Vutipongsatorn K, Fang Y, Cheung CMG, Lai TYY, Ikuno Y, Cohen SY, Gaudric A, Jonas JB. IMI Pathologic Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:5. [PMID: 33909033 PMCID: PMC8083114 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic myopia is a major cause of visual impairment worldwide. Pathologic myopia is distinctly different from high myopia. High myopia is a high degree of myopic refractive error, whereas pathologic myopia is defined by a presence of typical complications in the fundus (posterior staphyloma or myopic maculopathy equal to or more serious than diffuse choroidal atrophy). Pathologic myopia often occurs in eyes with high myopia, however its complications especially posterior staphyloma can also occur in eyes without high myopia. Owing to a recent advance in ocular imaging, an objective and accurate diagnosis of pathologic myopia has become possible. Especially, optical coherence tomography has revealed novel lesions like dome-shaped macula and myopic traction maculopathy. Wide-field optical coherence tomography has succeeded in visualizing the entire extent of large staphylomas. The effectiveness of new therapies for complications have been shown, such as anti-VEGF therapies for myopic macular neovascularization and vitreoretinal surgery for myopic traction maculopathy. Myopia, especially childhood myopia, has been increasing rapidly in the world. In parallel with an increase in myopia, the prevalence of high myopia has also been increasing. However, it remains unclear whether or not pathologic myopia will increase in parallel with an increase of myopia itself. In addition, it has remained unclear whether genes responsible for pathologic myopia are the same as those for myopia in general, or whether pathologic myopia is genetically different from other myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ohno-Matsui
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pei-Chang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kenji Yamashiro
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Otsu Red-Cross Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Yuxin Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Timothy Y Y Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Yasushi Ikuno
- Ikuno Eye Center, 2-9-10-3F Juso-Higashi, Yodogawa-Ku, Osaka 532-0023, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Salomon Yves Cohen
- Centre Ophtalmologique d'Imagerie et de Laser, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology and University Paris Est, Creteil, France
| | - Alain Gaudric
- Department of Ophthalmology, APHP, Hôpital Lariboisière and Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Harimoto A, Obata R, Yamamoto M, Aoki N, Yamanari M, Sugiyama S, Kitano M, Fujita A, Minami T, Ueda K, Azuma K, Inoue T, Aihara M, Kato S. Retinal pigment epithelium melanin distribution estimated by polarisation entropy and its association with retinal sensitivity in patients with high myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 2021; 106:1457-1462. [PMID: 33958321 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-318890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate retinal sensitivity of highly myopic eyes without choroidal neovascularisation (CNV) or patchy chorioretinal atrophy (PCA) and investigated its association with anatomical characteristics including melanin distribution at the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), which was evaluated with polarisation-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT). DESIGN Retrospective consecutive observational cohort study. METHODS We included highly myopic eyes (refractive error ≤-8.0 dioptres or axial length of ≥26.5 mm) from patients at the University of Tokyo Hospital. Retinal sensitivity was measured by microperimetry at 25 sectors within 6 degrees from the fovea. Depolarisation value, which reflected melanin pigmentation, was measured by a clinical prototype of PS-OCT and was parameterised as polarimetric entropy. Retinal sensitivity or entropy at the RPE in high myopia was compared with emmetropic control subjects. The association of retinal sensitivity with age, axial length, entropy, or choroidal thickness was assessed in per-eye and per-sector analysis. RESULTS Twenty-three highly myopic eyes (age, 66.6±12.3 years) were included. The average retinal sensitivity was 25.3±3.0 dB, which was significantly decreased compared with the control (p<0.0001). The average entropy at the RPE in the highly myopic eyes was significantly lower than in the control (p<0.0001). Univariate analysis followed by multivariate analysis showed that besides age, axial length or choroidal thickness, RPE entropy was independently associated with retinal sensitivity (β=4.4; 95% CI 0.5 to 8.3; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Decreased depolarisation at the RPE measured with PS-OCT, which reflected altered melanin pigmentation, was independently associated with reduced retinal sensitivity in patients with early stages of myopic maculopathy without CNV or PCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akira Harimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Obata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyori Aoki
- Engineering Department, Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Marie Kitano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asahi Fujita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Minami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ueda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Azuma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology and Micro-Technology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Makoto Aihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sun D, Du Y, Chen Q, Ye L, Chen H, Li M, He J, Zhu J, Wang L, Fan Y, Xu X. Imaging Features by Machine Learning for Quantification of Optic Disc Changes and Impact on Choroidal Thickness in Young Myopic Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:657566. [PMID: 33996860 PMCID: PMC8116583 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.657566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To construct quantifiable models of imaging features by machine learning describing early changes of optic disc and peripapillary region, and to explore their performance as early indicators for choroidal thickness (ChT) in young myopic patients. Methods: Eight hundred and ninety six subjects were enrolled. Imaging features were extracted from fundus photographs. Macular ChT (mChT) and peripapillary ChT (pChT) were measured on swept-source optical coherence tomography scans. All participants were divided randomly into training (70%) and test (30%) sets. Imaging features correlated with ChT were selected by LASSO regression and combined into new indicators of optic disc (IODs) for mChT (IOD_mChT) and for pChT (IOD_pChT) by multivariate regression models in the training set. The performance of IODs was evaluated in the test set. Results: A significant correlation between IOD_mChT and mChT (r = 0.650, R2 = 0.423, P < 0.001) was found in the test set. IOD_mChT was negatively associated with axial length (AL) (r = −0.562, P < 0.001) and peripapillary atrophy (PPA) area (r = −0.738, P < 0.001) and positively associated with ovality index (r = 0.503, P < 0.001) and torsion angle (r = 0.242, P < 0.001) in the test set. Every 1 × 10 μm decrease in IOD_mChT was associated with an 8.87 μm decrease in mChT. A significant correlation between IOD_pChT and pChT (r = 0.576, R2 = 0.331, P < 0.001) was found in the test set. IOD_pChT was negatively associated with AL (r = −0.478, P < 0.001) and PPA area (r = −0.651, P < 0.001) and positively associated with ovality index (r = 0.285, P < 0.001) and torsion angle (r = 0.180, P < 0.001) in the test set. Every 1 × 10 μm decrease in IOD_pChT was associated with a 9.64 μm decrease in pChT. Conclusions: The study introduced a machine learning approach to acquire imaging information of early changes of optic disc and peripapillary region and constructed quantitative models significantly correlated with choroidal thickness. The objective models from fundus photographs represented a new approach that offset limitations of human annotation and could be applied in other areas of fundus diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Du
- Department of Automation, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyao Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai Chen
- Department of Automation, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangnan He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Automation, Institute of Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photo Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Z, Qi Y, Wei W, Jin ZB, Wang W, Duan A, Liu W. Investigation of Macular Choroidal Thickness and Blood Flow Change by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography After Posterior Scleral Reinforcement. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:658259. [PMID: 34017847 PMCID: PMC8130341 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.658259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This work aimed to study the effect of posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) on choroidal thickness (CT) and blood flow. Methods: This study included 25 eyes of 24 patients with high myopia ( ≤ -6.0 dioptres or axial length ≥ 26.0 mm) who underwent PSR surgery. All patients completed the 1-month follow-up visit. Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) was graded according to the International Meta-Analysis for Pathologic Myopia (META-PM) classification based on color fundus photographs. Swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SSOCTA) was performed to investigate CT, choroidal perfusion area (CPA), and choriocapillaris perfusion area (CCPA) change following PSR surgery. Results: The distribution of MMD categories was 9 (36.0%) in category 1, 10 (40.0%) in category 2, and 6 (24.0%) in category 3 or 4. MMD severity was strongly correlated with CT (all P < 0.01) and CPA (all P < 0.04). Postoperative CT at each sector increased significantly at 1 week's follow-up, compared to preoperative measures (all P < 0.05). Postoperative CPA at subfoveal, superior, inferior, and nasal sectors also increased significantly 1 week after PSR surgery (all P < 0.05). Moreover, the increased CT, CPA, and CCPA remain after PSR surgery at 1 month's follow-up, but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the CT and choroidal blood flow increased significantly in patients with high myopia who underwent PSR surgery in a short period of time. In addition, the CT and CPA were independently associated with MMD. However, whether the transient improvement of the choroidal circulation could prevent long-term progression of high myopia warrants further study in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Zhang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Qi
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anli Duan
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kim YH, Lee B, Kang E, Oh J. Comparison of Regional Differences in the Choroidal Thickness between Patients with Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy and Classic Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1398-1405. [PMID: 33550884 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2021.1887269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To compare the regional differences in the choroidal thickness (CT) between patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and classic exudative age-related macular degeneration (ceAMD).Materials and Methods: We included both eyes of patients with unilateral macular neovascularization (MNV) due to ceAMD or PNV. Unilateral eyes of normal subjects were also included as a normal control group. The regional difference in CT was defined as a difference between the macular and extramacular areas, and calculated as the ratio of subfoveal CT (SFCT) to nasal peripapillary CT (PCT).Results: In normal subjects, the choroid was 2.25 ± 0.10 times thicker at the macula than at the extramacular area. The SFCT and PCT were significantly affected by age (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively), whereas the regional difference in CT were independent of age (P = .076). Analysis of covariance including age, sex, and MNV group showed that regional difference in CT were significantly affected by sex, nasal peripapillary CT, and MNV group (P = .023, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). The estimated marginal mean of the regional difference in CT was significantly smaller in the ceAMD group (1.671 ± 0.103) than in the normal control (2.250 ± 0.095, P = .003) and PNV groups (2.0880 ± 0.086, P < .001).Conclusions: Regional differences in CT were consistent with aging. However, the difference varied with the presence of PNV or ceAMD. Measurement of regional differences in CT provides additional information for characterizing the choroid in patients with MNV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boram Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Edward Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeryung Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Laíns I, Wang JC, Cui Y, Katz R, Vingopoulos F, Staurenghi G, Vavvas DG, Miller JW, Miller JB. Retinal applications of swept source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 84:100951. [PMID: 33516833 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The advent of optical coherence tomography (OCT) revolutionized both clinical assessment and research of vitreoretinal conditions. Since then, extraordinary advances have been made in this imaging technology, including the relatively recent development of swept-source OCT (SS-OCT). SS-OCT enables a fast scan rate and utilizes a tunable swept laser, thus enabling the incorporation of longer wavelengths than conventional spectral-domain devices. These features enable imaging of larger areas with reduced motion artifact, and a better visualization of the choroidal vasculature, respectively. Building on the principles of OCT, swept-source OCT has also been applied to OCT angiography (SS-OCTA), thus enabling a non-invasive in depth-resolved imaging of the retinal and choroidal microvasculature. Despite their advantages, the widespread use of SS-OCT and SS-OCTA remains relatively limited. In this review, we summarize the technical details, advantages and limitations of SS-OCT and SS-OCTA, with a particular emphasis on their relevance for the study of retinal conditions. Additionally, we comprehensively review relevant studies performed to date to the study of retinal health and disease, and highlight current gaps in knowledge and opportunities to take advantage of swept source technology to improve our current understanding of many medical and surgical chorioretinal conditions. We anticipate that SS-OCT and SS-OCTA will continue to evolve rapidly, contributing to a paradigm shift to more widespread adoption of new imaging technology to clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Laíns
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jay C Wang
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ying Cui
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA; Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raviv Katz
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Filippos Vingopoulos
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giovanni Staurenghi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joan W Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John B Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Retinal Imaging Lab, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wu Q, Chen Q, Lin B, Huang S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Lin H, Wang J, Lu F, Shen M. Relationships among retinal/choroidal thickness, retinal microvascular network and visual field in high myopia. Acta Ophthalmol 2020; 98:e709-e714. [PMID: 32030900 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationships among retinal/choroidal thickness, retinal microvascular network and visual field in high myopia. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total of 62 subjects, comprising 31 eyes with high myopia and 31 eyes with emmetropia or low myopia. Optical coherence tomography was used to quantify the thickness of ganglion cell complex (GCC), inner nuclear layer and outer plexiform layer (INOPL), outer retinal layer (ORL) and choroid layer (ChL). Optical coherence tomography angiography was used to quantify the superficial vessel density (SVD) and deep vessel density (DVD). Retinal light sensitivity (RLS) was measured by microperimetry-1 (MP1). The inner ring (1-1.75 mm), the outer ring (1.75-2.5 mm) and the whole ring (1-2.5 mm) around the macula were analysed and compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyse the relationship among them. RESULTS In the highly myopic group, the thinning of retinal/choroidal thickness and the decrease in retinal vessel density and RLS were found when compared to the emmetropia or low myopia (p < 0.05). Decreased RLS was correlated with decreased ORL thickness (r = -0.469, p = 0.008) and choroid thickness (r = 0.398, p = 0.030). There was no correlation between retinal microvascular network parameters and RLS (p > 0.05), but DVD showed a negative correlation with ORL (r = -0.474, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION Early visual field defects in highly myopic eyes may be influenced by the ORL loss and defect of choroidal circulation. The deep retinal microvascular network may have a compensatory action in the hypoxic setting of high myopia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
- Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital Hubei China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Bing Lin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Shenghai Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Huiling Lin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami Miami FL USA
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hu G, Chen Q, Xu X, Lv H, Du Y, Wang L, Yin Y, Fan Y, Zou H, He J, Zhu J, Xu X. Morphological Characteristics of the Optic Nerve Head and Choroidal Thickness in High Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:46. [PMID: 32343784 PMCID: PMC7401971 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.4.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the morphological characteristics of Bruch's membrane opening distance (BMOD), border length (BL), border tissue angle (BTA), vertical tilt angle, and peripapillary atrophy (PPA), as well as their associations with choroidal thickness (ChT) in young healthy highly myopic eyes. Methods A total of 167 patients with high myopia and 172 individuals without high myopia were enrolled. All of the subjects were divided by axial length. The PPA area was measured on fundus photographs. BMOD, BL, BTA, vertical tilt angle, macular ChT (mChT), and peripapillary ChT (pChT) were measured on swept-source optical coherence tomography scans. Results The PPA area (P < 0.0001) and vertical tilt angle (P < 0.0001) were larger, BMOD (P < 0.0001) and BL (P < 0.0001) were longer, and BTA (P < 0.0001) was smaller in the high-myopia group compared with the group without high myopia. Every 1-µm increase in BMOD was associated with a 35.80-µm decrease in mChT; every 1° decrease in BTA was correlated with a 0.32-µm decrease in mChT and a 0.26-µm decrease in pChT; and no association was found between PPA area and ChT in the multivariate linear regression model. Conclusions PPA area, BL, BMOD, and vertical tilt angle increased, but BTA decreased with axial elongation of the globe in young, healthy patients with myopia. Longer BMOD was positively correlated with lower mChT, and smaller BTA was positively correlated with lower mChT and pChT in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Hu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Qiuying Chen
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Xian Xu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Hanyi Lv
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | | | | | - Yao Yin
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Ying Fan
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Haidong Zou
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Jiangnan He
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Jianfeng Zhu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| | - Xun Xu
- ,.,,.,,.,,.,,.,,
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee SSY, Lingham G, Alonso-Caneiro D, Chen FK, Yazar S, Hewitt AW, Mackey DA. Choroidal Thickness in Young Adults and its Association with Visual Acuity. Am J Ophthalmol 2020; 214:40-51. [PMID: 32112771 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the choroidal thickness (ChT) in a large sample of young adults with the aim of establishing a normative ChT profile reference in this demographic cohort and explore its association with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS From a single center, 741 young adults (19-30 years of age, 49% male) were recruited to undergo a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including BCVA measurement, post-cycloplegic autorefraction, ocular biometry, tonometry, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging. The enhanced depth imaging mode on the SD-OCT was used. The main outcome measure was the central macular ChT (0.5-mm radius around the fovea). The ChTs at the inner (between 0.5-mm and 1.5-mm radius) and outer macular rings (between 1.5-mm and 2.5-mm radius) were also measured. RESULTS The median central macular ChT was 370 μm (interquartile range 312-406 μm). The choroid was thickest at the superior-inner, inferior-inner, and central macular regions (370-373 μm) and thinnest nasally at the outer macular region (median 256 μm). Decreased central macular ChT was associated with younger age, female sex, nonwhite ethnicities, and myopia (P ≤ .013). There was a significant association between better BCVA and increased central macular ChT (P < .001), after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, and ocular measures. His relationship was only apparent in eyes with central macular ChTs <300 μm (P = .019) and absent in eyes with ChTs >300 μm. CONCLUSIONS The central ChT of young adults was 370 μm. There was a significant association between worse BCVA and thinner choroids below a threshold of 300 μm, raising the possibility that ChT could be predictive of visual function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha S Y Lee
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Gareth Lingham
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- Contact Lens and Visual Optic Laboratory, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Seyhan Yazar
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Single Cell and Computational Genomics Lab, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - David A Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Lions Eye Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Medicine, Menzies Research Institute Tasmania, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Short-Term Effects of Dark Chocolate on Retinal and Choriocapillaris Perfusion in Young, Healthy Subjects Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030664. [PMID: 32121339 PMCID: PMC7146134 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Aim: Contrasting results have been published on the effect of dark chocolate on visual function. The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal and choriocapillaris perfusion, using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), and visual function in healthy subjects following dark chocolate ingestion. (2) Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out on 18 healthy young subjects at the St. Andrea Hospital, Sapienza, University of Rome. Visual acuity assessment and a complete ophthalmologic examination were carried out at baseline. In session one, each subject was randomized to eat either a 100 g dark chocolate bar or a 100 g white chocolate bar. In session two, the opposite chocolate was given to each participant. OCT-A and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were performed before the chocolate was eaten and repeated 1, 2, and 3 h after that. Retinal vessel density and choriocapillaris flow area were assessed. (3) Results: 18 patients with a mean (SD) age of 26.3 (1.5) years were included. No significant differences between dark or white chocolate were found when evaluating foveal density (%), whole density (%), choriocapillaris flow area, and BCVA. (4) Conclusions: Dark chocolate did not result in significant changes in retinal perfusion and choriocapillaris flow area. However, given the results of other studies showing the positive effects of flavonoids on visual function, further studies are warranted using pure chocolate without other components such as caffeine that can potentially affect results. Furthermore, we cannot rule out the possible benefits of higher doses of flavonoids in dietary supplementation over a more extended period and in a larger patient population.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wang Y, Ye J, Shen M, Yao A, Xue A, Fan Y, Huang S, Wang J, Lu F, Shao Y. Photoreceptor Degeneration is Correlated With the Deterioration of Macular Retinal Sensitivity in High Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:2800-2810. [PMID: 31266057 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate structural changes in the retinal outer layers and choroid using adaptive optics (AO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in eyes with myopia, and to correlate the changes with decreased macular light sensitivity (MLS). Methods This prospective study included 27 subjects with emmetropia and low myopia (EM/LM), 25 with moderate myopia (MM), and 25 with high myopia (HM). Microperimetry was used to quantify MLS in each subject, while AO and OCT images of fundus were analyzed to quantify cone density and regularity and thickness of outer retinal sublayers and choroid. Differences of MLS, cone distribution, and chorioretinal thicknesses were compared among the three groups, and the associations among photoreceptor morphological alterations, MLS, and other parameters were analyzed. Results In HM, the MLS, cone density and regularity, and thicknesses of the myoid and ellipsoid zone (MEZ), Henle fiber layer and outer nuclear layer, interdigitation zone and RPE/Bruch complex, and choroid were lower than in EM/LM. Decreased MLS was correlated with lower cone density and regularity, and thinner MEZ and choroid in the inner region, and with lower cone density, thinner MEZ and choroid, and longer axial length in the outer region. Multivariate regression showed that better MLS was correlated with thicker MEZ in the inner region and with higher cone density in the outer region. Conclusions Altered cone distribution and outer retinal thickness, especially cone density and MEZ thickness, were significantly correlated with decline of MLS in HM, which may help to evaluate and monitor visual impairment in HM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aixia Yao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anquan Xue
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchen Fan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghai Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilei Shao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ye J, Shen M, Huang S, Fan Y, Yao A, Pan C, Shi X, Lu F, Shao Y. Visual Acuity in Pathological Myopia Is Correlated With the Photoreceptor Myoid and Ellipsoid Zone Thickness and Affected by Choroid Thickness. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:1714-1723. [PMID: 31013344 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To quantify the thickness of the outer retinal sublayers and choroid in pathological myopia and examine associations between these factors and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Methods The cohort was composed of 21 eyes with emmetropia and 70 eyes with high myopia (49 simple high myopia; 21 pathological myopia). Optical coherence tomography images were segmented to determine macular thicknesses of the choroid and the following outer retinal sublayers: outer plexiform layer (OPL), Henle fiber layer and outer nuclear layer (HFL + ONL), myoid and ellipsoid zone (MEZ), outer segment of photoreceptors (OS), and interdigitation zone and RPE/Bruch complex (IZ + RPE). Correlations between BCVA and thickness of the outer retinal sublayers and choroid were determined. Results In pathological myopia, the choroid, HFL + ONL, MEZ, and IZ + RPE were thinner than in emmetropia and simple high myopia (P < 0.05). Simple and multiple regression models showed that MEZ thickness was correlated with BCVA (both P < 0.001). The relationship between MEZ thickness and BCVA varied with choroidal thickness (P = 0.006). For a constant MEZ thickness, thinner choroids were associated with worse vision. In the final multiple regression predictive model, MEZ thickness, choroidal thickness, and interaction between MEZ and choroidal thickness (all P < 0.001) were predictors of BCVA. Conclusions Outer retinal alterations, especially thinning of the MEZ, occurred in pathological myopia. The MEZ thickness was associated with BCVA, and this relationship was affected by choroidal thickness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meixiao Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenghai Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuchen Fan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Aixia Yao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Pan
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiutong Shi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fan Lu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilei Shao
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kamal Abdellatif M, Abdelmaguid Mohamed Elzankalony Y, Abdelmonsef Abdelhamid Ebeid A, Mohamed Ebeid W. Outer Retinal Layers' Thickness Changes in relation to Age and Choroidal Thickness in Normal Eyes. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:1698967. [PMID: 31467690 PMCID: PMC6701356 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1698967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify and correlate age-related changes in outer retinal layers' thickness and choroidal thickness (CT) in the normal eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and to investigate factors affecting these changes. STUDY DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We studied 125 healthy Egyptians between 20 and 79 years old. Patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (20-40 years), group 2 (40-60 years), and group 3 (>60 years). All patients had full ophthalmic examination. SD-OCT was done to measure the 9 ETDRS macular grid sectors of retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptor outer segment (RPE-OS), outer nuclear layer and photoreceptor inner segment (ONL-IS), and choroidal thickness (CT) (by enhanced depth imaging). RESULTS RPE-OS was significantly thinner in group 3 than in the other 2 groups (central: P < 0.001). Moreover, the 3 groups were significantly different from each other regarding the CT (central: P < 0.001); significant thinning was noticed in the choroid with age. The 3 groups did not show significant difference concerning the ONL-IS thickness. RPE-OS and CT showed statistically significant negative correlation with age (central RPE-OS: r = -0 C.345, P < 0.001, and central CT: r = -0.725, P < 0.001) while ONL-IS showed statistically nonsignificant correlation with age (central ONL-IS: r = -0.08, P=0.376). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most important determinant of central 1 mm RPE-OS thickness in this study was age (β = -0.087, P=0.010) rather than choroidal thinning (β = 0.001, P=0.879). CONCLUSION RPE-OS layer thickness shows significant thinning with increasing age, and with decrease in CT, however, age is the most determinant factor of this thinning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Kamal Abdellatif
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Weam Mohamed Ebeid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fang Y, Du R, Nagaoka N, Yokoi T, Shinohara K, Xu X, Takahashi H, Onishi Y, Yoshida T, Ohno-Matsui K. OCT-Based Diagnostic Criteria for Different Stages of Myopic Maculopathy. Ophthalmology 2019; 126:1018-1032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
34
|
Venkatesh R, Sinha S, Gangadharaiah D, Gadde SGK, Mohan A, Shetty R, Yadav NK. Retinal structural-vascular-functional relationship using optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography - angiography in myopia. EYE AND VISION 2019; 6:8. [PMID: 30891464 PMCID: PMC6404328 DOI: 10.1186/s40662-019-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background To examine the retinal structure–vascular-function relationship using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in myopia. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study comprising 86 eyes of 45 individuals with varying axial lengths and spherical equivalents and no posterior segment abnormalities. All eyes underwent optical coherence tomography with the Spectralis SD-OCT and OCTA with RTVue-XR Avanti; Optovue. Individual macular retinal layer thicknesses and flow areas and vessel densities were measured on OCT and OCTA, respectively. Linear correlations were made between the macular layer thicknesses, flow areas and vessel densities with axial length, spherical equivalent and visual acuity. Results The participants’ mean ages were 33.34 ± 14.45 years, mean spherical equivalent refractions were − 7.17 ± 5.71 D and axial lengths were 25.95 ± 2.41 mm. There were significant positive correlations of foveal angle (r = 0.757, p = 0.001), inner retinal (r = 0.764, p = 0.001) and outer plexiform layer (r = 0.771, p = 0.001) thickness on OCT and vessel densities in deep capillary plexus (r = 0.313, p = 0.003) on OCTA with axial length and negative correlations with spherical equivalents and visual acuity. Significant negative correlations of outer nuclear layer (r = − 0.560, p = 0.03) and photoreceptor outer segment layer thickness (r = − 0.856, p < 0.001) were noted on OCT with axial length and positive correlations with spherical equivalents and visual acuity. Conclusion The lateral retinal stretching in myopia could possibly explain the correlation between retinal layer thickness, vascular density and visual acuity in these eyes. Further research is required to investigate this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkatesh
- 1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord RoadRajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010 India
| | - Shivani Sinha
- 1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord RoadRajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010 India
| | - Deepika Gangadharaiah
- 1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord RoadRajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010 India
| | - Santosh G K Gadde
- 1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord RoadRajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010 India
| | - Ashwin Mohan
- 1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord RoadRajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010 India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- 2Department of Cornea and Refractive surgery, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord Road, Rajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010 India
| | - Naresh Kumar Yadav
- 1Department of Retina and Vitreous, Narayana Nethralaya, #121/C, 1st R Block, Chord RoadRajaji Nagar, Bengaluru, 560010 India
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Currently, myopic retinopathy is the most common irreversible blinding disease but its pathophysiology is not completely clear. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in a single center to analyze aqueous samples from highly myopic eyes (axial length >25 mm, n = 92) and ametropic or mild myopic eyes (n = 88) for inflammatory cytokines. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IL-6 and MMP-2 were significantly higher in the highly myopic eyes than in the non-high myopic eyes (IL-6: 11.90 vs. 4.38 pg/mL, p < 0.0001; MMP-2: 13.10 vs. 8.82 ng/mL, p = 0.0003) while adjusting for age, gender, and intraocular pressure. There was a significant positive association between levels of IL-6 and MMP-2 in aqueous humor and the axial lengths of the eye globes (IL-6, β = 0.065, p < 0.0001, n = 134; MMP-2, β = 0.097, p < 0.0001, n = 131). Conversely, VEGF in aqueous humor was significantly lower in the highly myopic eyes than in the non-high myopic eyes (45.56 vs. 96.90 pg/mL, p < 0.0001, n = 153) while age, gender, and intraocular pressure were adjusted. The results suggest that low-grade intraocular inflammation may play an important role in the development and progression of high myopia and myopic retinopathy.
Collapse
|
36
|
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SEROUS RETINAL DETACHMENT IN HIGHLY MYOPIC EYES WITH VERTICAL OVAL-SHAPED DOME. Retina 2019; 39:587-593. [DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
37
|
Read SA, Fuss JA, Vincent SJ, Collins MJ, Alonso-Caneiro D. Choroidal changes in human myopia: insights from optical coherence tomography imaging. Clin Exp Optom 2018; 102:270-285. [PMID: 30565333 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The choroid is a vascular tissue which plays a range of critical roles in the normal physiology of the eye, such as supplying the outer retina with oxygen and nutrients and the regulation of intraocular pressure. There is also substantial evidence, particularly from animal studies, that the choroid plays an important role in the regulation of eye growth and the development of common refractive errors like myopia. In recent years, advances in optical coherence tomography technology have improved our ability to image and measure the choroid in the human eye. Research using this technology over the past decade has dramatically improved our knowledge of the normal choroid, and its potential role in the regulation of eye growth and refractive error development. This review aims to provide an overview of recent work examining the normal human choroid, its changes with myopia and the possible role of the choroid in the mechanism regulating eye growth. Studies have demonstrated that choroidal thinning accompanies the development and progression of myopia, and have established a close link between eye growth and choroidal thickness changes. Dramatic thinning of the choroid is seen with high myopia, and associations are also observed between choroidal thinning and reduced vision, and the development of retinal pathology associated with high myopia. In the short-term, environmental factors known to be associated with myopia development and more rapid eye growth typically lead to a thinning of the choroid, whereas factors linked to a slowing of eye growth are typically associated with short-term choroidal thickening. Collectively, these findings suggest that the choroid is an important biomarker of eye growth in the human eye, and additional research to better understand the human choroid is likely to further our knowledge of the signals and pathways regulating eye growth, myopia development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Read
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - James A Fuss
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephen J Vincent
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael J Collins
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Alonso-Caneiro
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
|
39
|
Ohsugi E, Mitamura Y, Shinomiya K, Niki M, Sano H, Nagasawa T, Shimizu Y, Nagasato D, Tabuchi H. Changes in choroidal thickness in healthy pediatric individuals: a longitudinal study. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1179-1184. [PMID: 30046536 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.07.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the changes in the choroidal thickness in healthy pediatric children in a longitudinal study, and to determine the ocular and systemic parameters that were significantly correlated with the changes in the choroidal thickness. METHODS This study included 64 eyes of 34 healthy Japanese children with a mean age (±SD) of 4.4 (±0.4)y (range, 3.6-5.8y) at baseline. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was used to record images of the retina and choroid at the baseline and after a mean follow-up period of about 1.5y. The 3D raster scan protocol was used to construct the choroidal thickness map. Mean choroidal thickness was calculated for each of the nine sectors of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid. Best-corrected visual acuity, axial length, body height, and weight were also measured. Changes in measurements were defined as the baseline values subtracted from the values at the final visit. A generalized estimating equation was used to eliminate the effect of within-subject intereye correlations. RESULTS The mean central choroidal thickness was significantly reduced during the follow-up period (baseline, 301.8±8.6 µm; final visit, 286.6±8.0 µm, P<0.001). The decrease in the choroidal thickness was greatest in the central sector, followed by the sectors of the inner and outer rings. The inner and outer rings had diameters of 1 to 3 mm and 3 to 6 mm, respectively. The changes in the choroidal thickness in the central, inner ring, and outer ring sectors were significantly and negatively correlated with the age, baseline body height, baseline body weight, and elongation of the axial length. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the choroidal thickness among preschool-aged Japanese children decreased significantly during the follow-up period. The choroidal thinning is significantly associated with the elongation of axial length. These characteristics should be considered in the evaluation of choroidal thickness in younger children with retinochoroidal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Ohsugi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji 671-1227, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Mitamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kayo Shinomiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masanori Niki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagasawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji 671-1227, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shimizu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji 671-1227, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagasato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji 671-1227, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tabuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saneikai Tsukazaki Hospital, Himeji 671-1227, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
CHANGES IN CENTRAL CHOROIDAL THICKNESS AFTER TREATMENT OF DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA WITH INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB CORRELATION WITH CENTRAL MACULAR THICKNESS AND BEST-CORRECTED VISUAL ACUITY. Retina 2018; 38:970-975. [PMID: 28426622 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab on central choroidal thickness (CCT) and its relationship with central macular thickness (CMT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) changes in eyes with center-involving diabetic macular edema. METHODS This prospective interventional case series included 20 eyes of 20 patients with center-involving diabetic macular edema naive to treatment. The BCVA assessment, complete eye examination, enhanced depth optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were performed at baseline followed by 3 monthly intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. The treated eyes underwent BCVA evaluation and enhanced depth optical coherence tomography at Months 1, 2, 3, and 6 after the first injection. Change of the CCT was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included BCVA and CMT changes and their relationship with CCT changes. RESULTS Mean age of patients was 63.1 ± 8.0 (range, 52-75) years. Mean baseline CCT was 265 ± 79 μm, which reduced to 251 ± 81 μm and 232 ± 82 μm at Months 3 and 6, respectively (P < 0.001). Corresponding values for CMT were 470 ± 107 μm, 392 ± 104 μm, and 324 ± 122 μm, respectively (P < 0.001). The BCVA improved from 20/60 at baseline to 20/50 at Month 3 and 20/40 at Month 6 (P = 0.007). Each 1 μm decrease in CCT was associated with 2.74 μm reduction in CMT and 0.1 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letter score improvement in BCVA (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION After treatment of diabetic macular edema with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, CCT decreased and this reduction significantly correlated with CMT reduction and vision improvement.
Collapse
|
41
|
Liu B, Wang Y, Li T, Lin Y, Ma W, Chen X, Lyu C, Li Y, Lu L. Correlation of subfoveal choroidal thickness with axial length, refractive error, and age in adult highly myopic eyes. BMC Ophthalmol 2018; 18:127. [PMID: 29843668 PMCID: PMC5975694 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0791-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) in highly myopic eyes was found to be correlated with increasing age, refractive error (spherical equivalent), and axial length. Which factor is the most significant predictor of SFCT remains controversial. Methods A hospital-based cohort of highly myopic eyes (with spherical equivalent equal to or over 6.00 diopter) were retrospectively screened. Data from only right eye in those bilateral high myopia, and unilateral high myopia in any eye, were used for analysis. Correlations among the four biometric factors were analyzed. Linear correlation was performed to analyze the predictors of SFCT. Results A cohort of 312 eyes from 312 adults (98 men) was enrolled. Statistical analysis showed that axial length (R = − 0.592), spherical equivalent (R = − 0.471), and age (R = − 0.296) were significantly correlated with SFCT (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between age and axial length, or age and spherical equivalent. Partial correlation with controlled age confirmed that axial length (R = − 0.628) was a more significant predictor of SFCT than spherical equivalent (R = − 0.507). Conclusions SFCT was inversely correlated with increasing age, spherical equivalent and axial length, with axial length as the most significant predictor of SFCT, in adult highly myopic eyes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Cancan Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang W, He M, Zhong X. Sex-Dependent Choroidal Thickness Differences in Healthy Adults: A Study Based on Original and Synthesized Data. Curr Eye Res 2018; 43:796-803. [PMID: 29451995 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1428995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of sex on choroidal thickness (CT) in healthy adults. METHODS Healthy Chinese adults were recruited and complete ophthalmic examinations were performed. The choroid was imaged by swept-source optical coherence tomography and the macular CT in Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grids was obtained by the intrinsic automated segmentation software. CT in males and females was compared after controlling other factors. All of the published studies in PubMed were systemically tracked, and a syntheses analysis of the combined data of the present study and previous studies was performed to address this issue further. RESULTS A total of 104 healthy adults were included, of whom 38 (37%) were male and 66 (63%) were female. Older age and longer axial length (AL) each were significantly associated with thinner CT. After controlling for age and AL, the foveal CT and average macular CT were 25.5 μm (95% CI: 0.5-50.4 μm) and 22.1 μm (95% CI: 2.7-41.4 μm) thicker in men than in women, respectively. Significant differences in CT between males and females were also observed in inner and outer rings after controlling for age and AL (P < 0.05). After strict screening, 15 previously reported studies were determined to be eligible for inclusion. The combination of data collected from 2821 males and 3389 females provided further evidence that the choroid is thicker in males, with a pooled mean difference of 19.5 μm (95% CI: 11.4 to 27.6) for foveal CT and 14.7 μm (95% CI: 6.8 to 22.6) for average CT. CONCLUSION Our study of Chinese subjects, along with the syntheses analysis, strengthens the evidence that CT is greater in males than in females, based on OCT measurements. This observation may be pertinent for the sex disparities in some clinical conditions related to CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- a Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou China.,b Hainan Eye Hospital, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center , Sun Yat-sen University , Haikou China
| | - Miao He
- a Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou China.,b Hainan Eye Hospital, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center , Sun Yat-sen University , Haikou China
| | - Xingwu Zhong
- a Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou China.,b Hainan Eye Hospital, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center , Sun Yat-sen University , Haikou China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Shpak AA. [Axial ametropias of very high degree]. Vestn Oftalmol 2018; 134:109-111. [PMID: 29771894 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma20181342109-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To characterize a complex of disorders developing in patients with extreme values of anteroposterior axis of the eye, it is necessary to create an appropriate nomenclature. As a topic for discussion, authors suggest to supplement the existing classifications of myopia and hyperopia with 'character of ametropia' section (axial, refractive, mixed) and the definition of ametropias of very high (ultra-high/extreme) degree (a criterion for myopia is: <-10 D). In prospect, classification of such ametropias should be based on the length of the anteroposterior axis of the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Shpak
- S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, 59 A Beskudnikovskiy Blvd., Moscow, Russian Federation, 127486
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Trebbastoni A, Marcelli M, Mallone F, D'Antonio F, Imbriano L, Campanelli A, de Lena C, Gharbiya M. Attenuation of Choroidal Thickness in Patients With Alzheimer Disease: Evidence From an Italian Prospective Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2017; 31:128-134. [PMID: 27875364 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To compare the 12-month choroidal thickness (CT) change between Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and normal subjects. METHODS In this prospective, observational study, 39 patients with a diagnosis of mild to moderate AD and 39 age-matched control subjects were included. All the subjects underwent neuropsychological (Mini Mental State Examination, Alzheimer disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale, and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) and ophthalmological evaluation, including spectral domain optical coherence tomography, at baseline and after 12 months. CT was measured manually using the caliper tool of the optical coherence tomography device. RESULTS After 12 months, AD patients had a greater reduction of CT than controls (P≤0.05, adjusted for baseline CT, age, sex, axial length, and smoking). DISCUSSION CT in patients with AD showed a rate of thinning greater than what could be expected during the natural course of aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Trebbastoni
- Departments of *Neurology and Psychiatry †Ophthalmology, Sapienza University, Umberto I Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abdolrahimzadeh S, Parisi F, Plateroti AM, Evangelista F, Fenicia V, Scuderi G, Recupero SM. Visual Acuity, and Macular and Peripapillary Thickness in High Myopia. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1468-1473. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1347692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Parisi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Maria Plateroti
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Evangelista
- Ophthalmology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Fenicia
- Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Santi Maria Recupero
- Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Flores-Moreno I, Arias-Barquet L, Rubio-Caso MJ, Muñoz-Blanco A, Vidal-Martí M, Catala-Mora J, Ruiz-Moreno JM, Duker JS, Caminal JM. Structure versus function: correlation between outer retinal and choroidal thicknesses measured by swept-source OCT with multifocal electroretinography and visual acuity. Int J Retina Vitreous 2017; 3:29. [PMID: 28794900 PMCID: PMC5545836 DOI: 10.1186/s40942-017-0082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To correlate retina-choroidal anatomy as assessed via swept-source OCT (SS-OCT) with retinal function as determined by best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG). Methods Thirty-three eyes from 33 patients including 16 with neovascular AMD (nvAMD) and 17 controls were included. Patients were included in the present study after a complete ophthalmologic examination, including BCVA, slit-lamp study, intraocular pressure measurement, dilated fundus examination after tropicamide instillation, SD-OCT, SS-OCT, fundus photographs and mfERG. Age, sex, BCVA, number of anti-VEGF intravitreal injections in the nvAMD group, were recollected. Outer retinal and choroidal thickness were determined at the fovea and 500 μm temporal, superior, nasal and inferior. First-order response from mfERG was collected. P1 amplitude was recorded in R1, R2 and the average of R1 + R2. The measurements recollected from the SS-OCT, mfERG and BCVA were compared. Results Better BCVA was found with thicker outer retina foveal thickness (r = 0.349; P = 0.047), with thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness (r = 0.443; P = 0.010), and with higher amplitude in P1 at R1 (r = 0.346; P = 0.037). Outer retina foveal thickness did not correlate with P1 amplitude at R1 (r = 0.072; P = 0.692), R2 (r = 0.265; P = 0.137) either with the average P1 amplitude at R1 + R2 (r = 0.253; P = 0.156). A thicker subfoveal choroidal thickness was related with higher amplitude in P1 at R1 (r = 0.383; P = 0.028), R2 (r = 0.409; P = 0.018) and the average of R1 + R2 (r = 0.419; P = 0.015). Conclusions Choroidal thickness demonstrated a positive correlation with retinal function in the sample studied, so a thicker choroid is related to a better retinal function measured with mfERG and BCVA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Flores-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain.,Department of Ophthalmology, Clínico San Carlos University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Arias-Barquet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Marcos J Rubio-Caso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Alex Muñoz-Blanco
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - María Vidal-Martí
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - Jaume Catala-Mora
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| | - José M Ruiz-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Castilla La Mancha University, Albacete, Spain
| | - Jay S Duker
- New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Josep M Caminal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907 L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona Spain
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abdolrahimzadeh S, Parisi F, Mantelli F, Perdicchi A, Scuderi G. Retinal pigment epithelium–photoreceptor layer alterations in a patient with Sturge–Weber syndrome with diffuse choroidal hemangioma. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:567-569. [DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2017.1313995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
- Ophthalmology Unit, DAI Testa/Collo, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Parisi
- Ophthalmology Unit, DAI Testa/Collo, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Mantelli
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Perdicchi
- Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scuderi
- Ophthalmology Unit, St. Andrea Hospital, NESMOS Department, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shao X, Zou C, Qin B. Correlation of choroidal thickness and ametropiain young adolescence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174385. [PMID: 28403185 PMCID: PMC5389608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Choroid has been proposed to participate in the regulation of light refraction by changing its thickness. The present study aims to analyze the characteristics of choroidal thickness (CT), and its correlation with refractive error, axial length and age in young ametropia. A total of 51 subjects (102 eyes), aged from 5 to 18 years old (mean age 10.04 ±2.78 years), with ametropia were included in the study. Choroidal imaging was obtained by enhanced depth imaging (EDI) of spectral domain Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). CT was horizontally measured at 5 locations in across fovea with 1mm interval. We found that the spherical equivalent refractive diopter was from -7.25D to 1.6D (mean, -1.61D±1.82D), the mean axial length was 24.14mm±1.14mm. The closer to the optic disc the thinner the choroid is. CT between fovea and disc showed better correlation with refractive error (p< 0,01), axial length (p<0.01) and age (P<0.05) than those temporal to fovea. Our results indicated that the choroid is least thick around the optic disc. Thickness between fovea and optic disc is significantly associated with refractive error, axial length and age in growing adolescences. This result may help us understand the function of choroid during ametropic progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Shao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Joint College of Optometry, Shenzhen Universtiy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bo Qin
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Joint College of Optometry, Shenzhen Universtiy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma Treatment and Stem Cell Differentiation Public Service Platform of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Choroidal thickness, correlations, and systemic disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:250-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
50
|
Cicinelli MV, Rabiolo A, Marchese A, de Vitis L, Carnevali A, Querques L, Bandello F, Querques G. Choroid morphometric analysis in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration by means of optical coherence tomography angiography. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 101:1193-1200. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-309481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|