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Alshammari LK, Alaradi LA, Alanazi AM, Almishali FF, Alabdullatif NH, Ali A. Levels of Awareness Regarding Pediatric Eye Diseases Among Saudi Parents From the Hail and Al-Qassim Regions, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e57871. [PMID: 38725751 PMCID: PMC11078775 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of children's eye health cannot be overstated as it has significant implications for personal life, education, career, health, financial status, and overall satisfaction. This study aims to assess the awareness of parents regarding pediatric eye diseases to identify potential gaps in knowledge. By understanding parental awareness, we can develop targeted educational initiatives to promote early detection, timely intervention, and overall improved eye health in children. This research seeks to contribute valuable insights for enhancing preventive measures and fostering healthier eyesight in younger generations. METHODOLOGY A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Hail and Al-Qassim regions, of Saudi Arabia. Parents with children aged less than 15 years were included. Targeted parents were selected consecutively using an online questionnaire for data collection. Data included parents' data, children's eye diseases, and parents' knowledge, practice, and attitude toward pediatric eye diseases. Results: A total of 618 eligible parents were included, 429 (69.4%) from Al-Qassim and 189 (30.6%) from Hail. Parents' ages ranged from 20 to 59 years with a mean age of 35.4 ± 11.5 years. A total of 510 (82.5%) respondents were females. A total of 442 (71.5%) of the study parents had poor knowledge about their pediatric eye problems, 154 (24.9%) had a good knowledge level, and only 22 (3.6%) had excellent knowledge. As for their practice, 458 (74.1%) of the parents arranged for their children to undergo an eye or visual test; 254 (55.5%) did so when the child was six to ten years of age. CONCLUSION The current study showed poor awareness levels about pediatric eye diseases among parents, mainly regarding cataracts and glaucoma. On the other hand, parents demonstrated a high level of engagement in visually assessing their children. The primary hindrance to conducting assessments was the absence of symptoms and signs or active complaints, leading to a lack of proactive seeking of visual evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lama A Alaradi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hail College of Medicine, Hail, SAU
| | - Afaf M Alanazi
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Khalid Hospital, Hail, SAU
| | - Faisal F Almishali
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Al-Qassim, SAU
| | | | - Abrar Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Hail College of Medicine, Hail, SAU
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Ramezani A, Sabbaghi H, Katibeh M, Ahmadieh H, Kheiri B, Yaseri M, Moradian S, Alizadeh Y, Soltani Moghadam R, Medghalchi A, Etemad K, Behboudi H. Prevalence of cataract and its contributing factors in Iranian elderly population: the Gilan eye study. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:4503-4514. [PMID: 37584824 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-023-02851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the prevalence and the associated factors leading to cataract among the Iranian population living in Gilan Province, Iran. METHODS This population-based cross-sectional study was performed from June to November 2014 on 2,975 residents aged ≥ 50 years old living in urban and rural regions of the Gilan Province in Iran. A representative sample of residents in the province was recruited into the study through door-to-door visiting, and baseline data were collected by questionnaire. All participants were referred to the medical center for comprehensive ophthalmic examination, laboratory tests, and blood pressure measurement. RESULTS Among the population, 2,588 (86.99%) subjects were eligible to be included in this study, categorized either into the cataract or the non-cataract group. The mean age of participants was 62.59 ± 8.92 years, and 57.5% were female. Higher prevalence of cataract was found in individuals of older ages (odds ratio (OR) = 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10 to 1.16; P < 0.001) and a history of previous ocular surgery (OR = 5.78; 95% CI = 2.28 to 14.63; P < 0.001). At the same time, a lower prevalence of cataract was seen in patients exposed to sunlight for more than 4 h per day (OR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.32 to 0.73; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Cataract affects 50.50% of the study population, especially those over 80. The mildest form of cataract, grade zero, is the most common. Surgery for cataract has good outcomes. The risk of cataract is higher for those older or who have had eye surgeries. People not affected by cataract tend to be exposed to more sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Ramezani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak Street, Tehran, 198353-5511, Iran
| | - Hamideh Sabbaghi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Katibeh
- Center for Global Health, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hamid Ahmadieh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahareh Kheiri
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Siamak Moradian
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Alizadeh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Reza Soltani Moghadam
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Medghalchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran
| | - Koorosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Behboudi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Namjoo Avenue, Rasht, Gilan, Iran.
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Soh ZD, Cheng CY. Application of big data in ophthalmology. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2023; 13:123-132. [PMID: 37484625 PMCID: PMC10361443 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo-d-23-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The advents of information technologies have led to the creation of ever-larger datasets. Also known as big data, these large datasets are characterized by its volume, variety, velocity, veracity, and value. More importantly, big data has the potential to expand traditional research capabilities, inform clinical practice based on real-world data, and improve the health system and service delivery. This review first identified the different sources of big data in ophthalmology, including electronic medical records, data registries, research consortia, administrative databases, and biobanks. Then, we provided an in-depth look at how big data analytics have been applied in ophthalmology for disease surveillance, and evaluation on disease associations, detection, management, and prognostication. Finally, we discussed the challenges involved in big data analytics, such as data suitability and quality, data security, and analytical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Da Soh
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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The burden of childhood and adolescent cancers in North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:113. [PMID: 36890483 PMCID: PMC9992906 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-03931-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the significant burden of childhood and adolescent cancers, no specific studies recently discussed the burden of cancer in this group in the North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) region. Therefore, we aimed to study the burden of cancers in this group in this region. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrieved the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data for children and adolescent cancers (0-19 years old) in the NAME region from 1990 to 2019. 21 types of neoplasms were grouped as "neoplasms", comprising 19 specific cancer groups as well as "other malignant neoplasms" and "other neoplasms". Three significant parameters of incidence, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were studied. The data are presented with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI), and reported rates per 100,000. RESULTS In 2019, almost 6 million (95% UI: 4.166 M-8.405 M) new cases and 11,560(9770-13,578) deaths due to neoplasms occurred in the NAME region. Incidence was higher in females (3.4 M), while deaths (6226 of overall 11,560) and DALYs (501,118 of overall 933,885) were estimated as higher in males. Incidence rates did not significantly change since 1990, while deaths and DALYs rates declined significantly. After excluding "other malignant neoplasms" and "other neoplasms", leukemia was responsible for the highest number of incidence and deaths (incidence: 10,629(8237-13,081), deaths: 4053(3135-5013), followed by brain and central nervous system cancers (incidence: 5897(4192-7134), deaths: 2446(1761-2960)), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (incidence: 2741 (2237-3392), deaths: 790(645-962)). Incidence rates of neoplasms were similar for most countries, but countries varied more in terms of death rates. Afghanistan 8.9(6.5-11.9), Sudan 6.4(4.5-8.6), and the Syrian Arab Republic 5.6(4.3-8.3) had the highest overall death rates. CONCLUSION The NAME region is observing relatively constant incidence rates and a decreasing pattern in the deaths and DALYs. Despite this success, several countries are lagging behind in development. Different issues such as economic problems, armed conflicts and political instabilities, lack of equipment or experienced staff or poor distribution, stigmatization and disbelief in the healthcare systems account for unfavorable numbers in some countries. Such problems require urgent solutions as new sophisticated and personalized cares raise the alarm for even more inequalities between high and low-income countries.
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Ye X, Wang J, Zhong X, Qiu W, Yang S, He S, Lou L, Shen L. Association of sex with the global burden of vision impairment caused by neonatal preterm birth: An analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019. Front Public Health 2022; 10:938228. [PMID: 35968463 PMCID: PMC9363690 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.938228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims To investigate the sex-specific global burden of neonatal preterm birth (NPB) vision impairment by year, age, and socioeconomic status using years lived with disability (YLDs). Methods The global, regional, and national sex-specific YLD numbers, crude YLD rates, and age-standardized YLD rates of NPB-related moderate and severe vision loss and blindness were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Wilcoxon test and linear regression were used to investigate the relationship between sex difference in age-standardized YLD rates and the Human Development Index (HDI). Results Between 1990 and 2019, the gender disparity in age-standardized YLD rates for NPB-related vision impairment remained stable, increasing from 10.2 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 6.7–14.6] to 10.4 (95% UI 6.9–15.0) for men and 10.3 (95% UI 6.8–14.7) to 10.7 (95% UI 7.2–15.1) for women, with women consistently having higher age-standardized YLD rates. Between the ages of 25 and 75, women had higher YLD rates than males, with the biggest disparity in the 60–64 age group. In 2019, sex difference in age-standardized YLD rates across 195 nations was statistically significant. Women had higher age-standardized YLD rates than men in both low (Z = −3.53, p < 0.001) and very high HDI countries (Z = −4.75, p < 0.001). Additionally, age-standardized YLD rates were found to be adversely associated with HDI (male: Standardized β = −0.435, female: Standardized β = −0.440; p < 0.001). Conclusion Despite advancements in worldwide NPB health care, sexual differences in NPB-related vision impairment burden showed little change. Female had higher burden than male, particularly in low and very high socioeconomic status countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ye
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaxing Zhong
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wangli Qiu
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shangchao Yang
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shucheng He
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Eye Center, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Lixia Lou
| | - Lijun Shen
- School of Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Lijun Shen
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Alqahtani SM, Bakarman MA, Almanjoumi A, Alzahrani SH. Awareness and knowledge about glaucoma among patients visiting the screening clinic in Jeddah Eye Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:887-895. [PMID: 34150545 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.06.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore levels and determinants of awareness and knowledge about glaucoma among patients. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study that included adult patients from October to the end of December 2018. A semi-structured questionnaire was designed by the researchers to measure the levels of awareness and knowledge about 18 basic information about glaucoma. The sheet was divided into 4 domains: types of glaucoma, risk factors, clinical features, and management. A knowledge score (KS, range=0-18) was calculated, with higher scores indicating higher levels. RESULTS A total of 383 patients responded to the questionnaire, 61.9% males, mean±SD age was 38.5±12.94 years old, and 61.6% had a university degree or higher. Of them, 6.3% and 23.2% reported personal and family history of glaucoma, respectively. The most frequently reported source of information about glaucoma was another person with glaucoma (28.2%), followed by physicians (24.8%) and TV (19.6%). Knowledge by item ranged from 3.1% to 82.5% correctness rate, while KS showed mean=5.91 and median=5; and reliability testing of the knowledge scale showed Cronbach's alpha=0.782. Higher KS were found among respondents with higher educational level (P=0.036), diabetes history (P=0.025), and personal (P<0.001) and family (P<0.001) history of glaucoma. CONCLUSION This study reveals low awareness and knowledge levels about glaucoma among the attendees of a local eye care hospital, where several misconceptions about disease risk factors, clinical features, and management are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwan A Bakarman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almanjoumi
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22234, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami H Alzahrani
- Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 22431, Saudi Arabia
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Xu Y, Wang A, Lin X, Xu J, Shan Y, Pan X, Ye J, Shan P. Global burden and gender disparity of vision loss associated with diabetes retinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:431-440. [PMID: 33124190 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the trend patterns and gender disparity in global burden of vision loss due to diabetic retinopathy (DR) by year, age, region and socioeconomic status using prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. METHODS Prevalence and YLDs data of vision loss attributable to DR were extracted from GBD Study 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Socio-demographic Index (SDI) in 2017 was cited as indicators of socioeconomic status. Kruskal-Wallis test, Dunn's multiple comparisons and Pearson linear correlation were adopted to evaluate the gender disparity and association with socioeconomic levels. RESULTS Globally, total age-standardized prevalence and YLDs rates of vision loss due to DR peaked around 2005, with prevalence rate of 58.98 [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 50.95-68.56] and YLDs rate of 5.00 (95% UI 3.51-6.84) per 100 000 population, respectively. The burden were expected to increase to 65.74 (95% UI 60.14-70.86) and 5.68 (95% UI 4.07-7.22) by 2050. The burden would increase according to our projection based on current epidemiological situation. However, gender disparity has existed since 1990 and been enlarging in recent years, with female being more heavily impacted. This pattern remained with ageing among different stages of vision impairments and varied through GBD super regions. Gender difference (females minus males) of age-standardized prevalence rates was positively related to SDI (r = 0.1661, p = 0.0203). Diabetes has become a more important risk over the past 3 decades among the leading causes of vision loss. CONCLUSIONS The DR-related vision loss burden tended to increase under ageing population according to our projection with significant gender disparity. Public awareness of DR and gender sensitive health policy should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Aihong Wang
- Department of Endocrinology PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China
| | - Xiling Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism College of Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jingya Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism College of Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Yi Shan
- Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiaowen Pan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism College of Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Juan Ye
- Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Peng‐Fei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism College of Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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Ouzzani M, Mekki MB, Chiali S, Kail F, Chahed L. Practice of orthokeratology in Algeria: a retrospective study. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2021; 14:176-182. [PMID: 32988782 PMCID: PMC8093529 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the practice of orthokeratology (OK) in Algeria and to investigate the visual outcomes, safety and subjective responses with this technique in myopes. METHODS A retrospective chart review of 48 participants using OK lenses since January 2010 were included in the study. Lenses were selected and fitted according to the manufacturer's recommendations using their respective software and the number of lenses required for a successful fit was recorded. Visual acuity (VA) in logMAR units and biomicroscopic findings were recorded for each visit. Subjective ratings was determined with analogue rating scale was filled in by the investigator, the participants were divided into Group 1 (> 4.00D) and Group 2 (< 3.75D) myopic groups for analysis. RESULTS First lens fitting success rate of 64.58%. There was also a significant difference between the BCVA at baseline and VA at Day 1 (P < 0.05), and no significant difference at Day 7, Day 30 and the final visit (P = 0.51, P = 0.93, P = 0.62, respectively), for Group 2. There was a significant difference between the BCVA at baseline and VA at Day 1, 7, 30 and the final visit (P < 0.05), for Group 1. the patients of the second group were happier but the results from the survey were not statistically significant (P = 0.10), no serious complication was reported. CONCLUSION the technique was efficient and safe as we didn't have any serious complication, with a high success rate for first lens fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhamed Ouzzani
- Optometry Research Group, LPCMME, University of Oran1, Oran, Algeria; Centre Ibn Al Haythem, Contactologie et chirurgie ophtalmologique, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Moatez Billah Mekki
- Centre Ibn Al Haythem, Contactologie et chirurgie ophtalmologique, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Selma Chiali
- Optometry Research Group, LPCMME, University of Oran1, Oran, Algeria
| | - Fatiha Kail
- Optometry Research Group, LPCMME, University of Oran1, Oran, Algeria
| | - Larbi Chahed
- Optometry Research Group, LPCMME, University of Oran1, Oran, Algeria
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Visual Impairment Prevalence, Causes, and Role of Healthcare Access: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis in Iran. J Ophthalmol 2021; 2020:4710328. [PMID: 33489330 PMCID: PMC7803184 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4710328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Healthcare access is one of the determinants of visual impairment (VI), as a public health problem. The objective of this study was to estimate VI prevalence, related causes, and its correlation with access to physicians in Iran. Methods : This systematic review and meta-analysis include observational studies published in Iran. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and local databases were systematically searched by using the MeSH headings. Data on the provincial distribution of physicians, as an index of access to healthcare, was retrieved. A random-effect meta-analysis was performed to assess. Results Eight articles were included. The pooled prevalence of blindness, low vision, and VI was 0.80% (95% CI: 0.61–0.99%), 2.92% (95% CI: 2.40–3.44%), and 5.57% (95% CI: 4.71–6.43%). Refractive errors were the most common causes of VI based on PVA with the pooled prevalence of 54.6% (95% CI: 43.4–65.8%). Based on BCVA, we found that the pooled prevalence of cataracts was 37.4% (95% CI: 29.5–45.3%) as the most common cause of VI. The results of metaregression showed that the greater number of general practitioners (GPs) (P value = 0.01) and pharmacists (P value = 0.024) per population were associated with a lower prevalence of blindness. Conclusion Some of the main causes of visual impairment in Iran are preventable. Access to healthcare services may lead to early diagnosis of preventable causes of VI. Further well-designed studies and national surveys should be conducted to provide accurate data from different regions of Iran.
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Mashige KP, Ramklass SS. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment among older persons living in low-income old age homes in Durban, South Africa. Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med 2020; 12:e1-e7. [PMID: 32634010 PMCID: PMC7343950 DOI: 10.4102/phcfm.v12i1.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visual impairment (VI) increases with age and has been reported to be more prevalent among older adults living in old age homes than in the general population. AIM To determine the prevalence and causes of VI among older adults living in low-income old age homes in Durban, South Africa. SETTING This study was conducted at low-income old age homes in Durban. METHODS This cross-sectional study of 118 residents aged 60 years and older, collected socio-demographic data, presenting visual acuities (VAs) for each eye, and binocularly. Anterior segment eye examinations were conducted with a penlight torch and a portable slit-lamp, while posterior segment evaluation was conducted with direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Objective and subjective refractions were performed, and the best-corrected distance and near VAs were measured in each eye. VI was defined as presenting VA 6/18 and included moderate VI ( 6/18-6/60), severe VI ( 6/60 -3/60) and blindness ( 6/120). RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 73.3 years and included 80.5% females and 19.5% males. The prevalence of VI and blindness was 63.6%. Optical correction significantly reduced the prevalence of VI and blindness by 19.5% (p 0.05). The main causes of non-refractive VI and blindness were cataract (54.5%), posterior segment disorders (25.5%) and corneal opacities (20%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of VI and blindness is high among residents in low-income old age homes living in Durban. Refractive correction and surgical cataract intervention can significantly reduce the burden of VI and blindness among the elderly residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khathutshelo P Mashige
- Department of Optometry, Faculty of Health Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.
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Lin X, Lou L, Miao Q, Wang Y, Jin K, Shan P, Xu Y. The pattern and gender disparity in global burden of age-related macular degeneration. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:1161-1170. [PMID: 32498618 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120927256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the trend patterns and gender disparity in global burden of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by year, age, and socioeconomic status using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2017. METHODS DALYs and impairment data caused by AMD were extracted from GBD Study 2017. World Bank income level (WBIL) and human development index (HDI) in 2017 were cited as indicators of socioeconomic status. The Gini coefficients and the concentration indexes were calculated to unveil trends in between-country inequality. The association between gender inequality and socioeconomic levels was analyzed by Pearson correlation. RESULTS Total age-standardized DALYs of AMD showed a slightly descending pattern in recent years. However, gender disparity has existed since 1990 for almost three decades, with female being more heavily impacted. This pattern became more obvious with aging and varied among different WHO and WBIL regions. Meanwhile, female subjects tended to have higher vision impairments. Gini coefficients of AMD burden increased from 0.423 to 0.448, while the ones of female-to-male ratio fluctuated around 0.11 between 1990 and 2017, with concentration indexes changing from 0.024 to -0.057 and 0.046 to 0.029 respectively. Female-minus-male difference (r = 0.1721, p = 0.0195) and female-to-male ratio (r = 0.2072, p = 0.0048) of age-standardized DALYs rates were positively related to HDI. CONCLUSIONS Though global AMD health care is progressing, gender imbalance in disease burden of AMD distribution barely improved. Gender sensitive health policy should be emphasized for the increasing elder population and relieving the higher AMD burden of females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lixia Lou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Miao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengfei Shan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Sándor GL, Tóth G, Szabó D, Szalai I, Lukács R, Pék A, Tóth GZ, Papp A, Nagy ZZ, Limburg H, Németh J. Cataract blindness in Hungary. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:438-444. [PMID: 32309181 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.03.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To estimate the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment resulting from cataract in the population aged ≥50y in Hungary, and to assess the cataract surgical services. METHODS A rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) was conducted. A total of 3523 eligible people were randomly selected and examined. Each participant underwent surgery for cataract was interviewed with regard to the year, place, and costs of the surgery. Participants with obvious cataract were asked why they had not yet undergone surgery (barriers to surgery). RESULTS An estimated 12 514 people were bilaterally blind; the visual acuity (VA) in 19 293 people was <6/60, and the VA in 73 962 people was <6/18 in the better eye due to cataract. An estimated 77 933 eyes are blind; 98 067 eyes had a VA of <6/60, and an estimated 277 493 eyes had a VA of <6/18 due to cataract. Almost all cataract surgeries were conducted in government hospitals. The age- and sex-adjusted cataract surgical coverage with VA<3/60 in eyes was 90.0%. The rate of good visual outcome after surgery was 79.5%. Ocular comorbidity was the main cause of poor outcome (78.1%), followed by late complications (such as posterior capsule opacification) (17.2%), inadequate optical correction (3.1%), and surgical complications (1.6%). The main barrier to surgery in people with bilateral cataract and VA of <6/60 was 'need not felt'. CONCLUSION The prevalence of visual impairment resulting from cataract is slightly higher than expected. The quality of the cataract surgical service seems adequate in Hungary. However, the number of cataract operations per year should continue to increase due to the increasing patient demands and the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor L Sándor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Gábor Tóth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Szabó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Irén Szalai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Regina Lukács
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.,Department of Ophthalmology, Flór Ferenc Hospital, Kistarcsa 2143, Hungary
| | - Anita Pék
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.,Department of Ophthalmology, Petz Aladár Hospital, Győr 9024, Hungary
| | - Georgina Z Tóth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - András Papp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Z Nagy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1088, Hungary
| | - Hans Limburg
- Health Information Services, Grootebroek 1613, The Netherlands
| | - János Németh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary
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13
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Anterior chamber angle and intraocular pressure changes after eventless phacoemulsification surgery in non-glaucomatous Egyptian patients. Int Ophthalmol 2019; 40:725-731. [DOI: 10.1007/s10792-019-01234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Stone DU, Craven ER, Ahmad SI, AlBeshri A, Owaidhah OA. Glaucoma Patch Graft Surgery Utilizing Corneas Augmented with Collagen Cross-linking. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2019; 26:148-152. [PMID: 31619902 PMCID: PMC6788316 DOI: 10.4103/meajo.meajo_78_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glaucoma drainage device surgery (GDDS) has gained popularity, with outcomes equivalent to trabeculectomy. Erosion of the tube through the overlying conjunctiva may occur in 5%-10% of eyes. Donor corneal tissue has been used as a patch graft for GDDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a prospective proof of concept study in 10 patients undergoing GDDS. From patients undergoing endothelial keratoplasty, the donor tissue (approximately 300 μ in thickness) was placed epithelial side down in a well and was allowed to soak in riboflavin solution (VibeX, Avedro, Waltham, MA, USA) for 15 min. This anterior corneal lenticule received 8 mW/cm2 ultraviolet (UV) irradiation applied for 15 min (total energy of 7.2 J/cm2). Each lenticule was then bisected and utilized for the two study participants. The tissue was sutured over the tube during the GDDS and then was covered with recipient conjunctiva as per the usual technique. Representative graft tissues were fixed and examined to determine the depth of cross-linking effect. The patients were followed for 1 year. RESULTS Histology revealed no apparent demarcation line in the cross-linked grafts; this supported a full-thickness cross-linking treatment effect. There were no intra- or postoperative complications attributed to the graft tissue. No patient developed erosion or exposure of the tube during the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS UV-riboflavin cross-linking of the corneal tissue patch graft material appears to be a safe modification when used in GDDS and warrants ongoing study. This method of patch graft can replace other costy methods used with GDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald U Stone
- Department of Research, ReWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Earl Randy Craven
- Department of Research, ReWilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer I Ahmad
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Glaucoma Consultants of Washington, Virginia, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ali AlBeshri
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud A Owaidhah
- Department of Research, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Al-Ghamdi AS. Adults visual impairment and blindness - An overview of prevalence and causes in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2019; 33:374-381. [PMID: 31920448 PMCID: PMC6950952 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major socio-economic development in Saudi Arabia affected the pattern and causes of visual impairment for the past 40 years. Moreover, an up-to-date summary of available data is vital for planning, monitoring, and evaluating national blindness prevention program. AIM This study conducted to provide a summary overview of prevalence, causes, and changes in the pattern of blindness and visual impairment for the past 40 years among Saudi adults, with brief discussion of the related socio-economic and ecological factors. METHODS The review was confined to the published epidemiological studies performed in Saudi Arabia covering the age group 18 year and older from 1985 onwards. RESULTS Six epidemiological studies were included from 1985 onwards. In1986, the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment in Saudi Arabia were 1.5% and 7.8%, respectively which is 20 times the magnitude of blindness in the United States. Multiple regional population based studies conducted later in areas with disparate ecological and socio-economical determinants at different time intervals showed variable prevalence of blindness 3.3% Eastern Province 1986, 0.7% Bisha 1993. Recently, in older than 50 year population the reported prevalence was 2.6% Taif 2012 and 5.7% Jazan 2015 and 6.4% in Ahsa. Since 1986, the single leading cause of adult blindness in Saudi Arabia is cataract. Although, Trachoma reported to be the second primary cause of blindness on 1986, its burden is reduced in Jizan (2015) and minimal in Taif (2012) which is replaced by chronic diseases related etiologies i.e Diabetic Retinopathy. CONCLUSION Ecological and socio-economical determinants play critical role in the magnitude and causes of blindness and visual impairment in Saudi Arabia. Significant data gaps obscure monitoring and evaluation of the eye health. Eye health indicators should be integrated into the national health information system for dynamic monitoring and evaluation.
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16
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Rono H, Bastawrous A, Macleod D, Wanjala E, Gichuhi S, Burton M. Peek Community Eye Health - mHealth system to increase access and efficiency of eye health services in Trans Nzoia County, Kenya: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:502. [PMID: 31412937 PMCID: PMC6694474 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, eye care provision is currently insufficient to meet the requirement for eye care services. Lack of access and awareness are key barriers to specialist services; in addition, specialist services are over-utilised by people with conditions that could be managed in the community or primary care. In combination, these lead to a large unmet need for eye health provision. We have developed a validated smartphone-based screening algorithm (Peek Community Screening App). The application (App) is part of the Peek Community Eye Health system (Peek CEH) that enables Community Volunteers (CV) to make referral decisions about patients with eye problems. It generates referrals, automated short messages service (SMS) notifications to patients or guardians and has a program dashboard for visualising service delivery. We hypothesise that a greater proportion of people with eye problems will be identified using the Peek CEH system and that there will be increased uptake of referrals, compared to those identified and referred using the current community screening approaches. STUDY DESIGN A single masked, cluster randomised controlled trial design will be used. The unit of randomisation will be the 'community unit', defined as a dispensary or health centre with its catchment population. The community units will be allocated to receive either the intervention (Peek CEH system) or the current care (periodic health centre-based outreach clinics with onward referral for further treatment). In both arms, a triage clinic will be held at the link health facility four weeks from sensitisation, where attendance will be ascertained. During triage, participants will be assessed and treated and, if necessary, referred onwards to Kitale Eye Unit. DISCUSSION We aim to evaluate a M-health system (Peek CEH) geared towards reducing avoidable blindness through early identification and improved adherence to referral for those with eye problems and reducing demand at secondary care for conditions that can be managed effectively at primary care level. TRIAL REGISTRATION The Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR), 201807329096632 . Registered on 8 June 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary Rono
- International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
- Kitale County referral and teaching Hospital, Ravine Road, P.O. Box 98, Kitale, 30200 Kenya
| | - Andrew Bastawrous
- International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
- The Peek Vision Foundation, 1 Fore Street, London, EC2Y 9DT UK
| | - David Macleod
- International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
| | - Emmanuel Wanjala
- Kitale County referral and teaching Hospital, Ravine Road, P.O. Box 98, Kitale, 30200 Kenya
| | - Stephen Gichuhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 19676, Nairobi, 00202 Kenya
| | - Matthew Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, Clinical Research Department, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK
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17
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Alsaif BA, Aljindan MY, Alrammah HM, Almulla MO, Alshahrani SS. Refractive errors among Saudi college students and associated risk factors. Clin Ophthalmol 2019; 13:437-443. [PMID: 30880904 PMCID: PMC6398403 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s193213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence of refractive errors among freshman students of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), and to examine the relationship of near-work activities and outdoor activities with refractive errors. Methods A cross-sectional study of 338 freshman students of IAU (162 males, 176 females) was carried out. Students were selected using a simple random sampling technique. Eye examination was done including non-cycloplegic autorefraction for determining the refractive error status. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤−0.75 diopters (D), and it was further divided into low myopia (SER from −0.75 D to −2.99 D), moderate myopia (SER from −3.00 to −5.99 D), and high myopia (SER ≤−6.00 D). Hyperopia was defined as SER ≥1.00 D and emmetropia as having an SER value between that of low myopia and hyperopia. SER was calculated as sphere + 1/2 cylinder. A questionnaire detailed on activities was completed by participants. Results Myopia was found in 47.9% of the students (95% CI 42.7%–53.3%). The most prevalent type of myopia was low myopia (66.7%; 95% CI 59.1%–73.5%). Hyperopia and emmetropia were found in 6.5% (95% CI 4.3%–9.7%) and 45.6% (95% CI 40.3%–50.9%) of the students, respectively. Parental myopia was significantly associated with the myopic status of the students (P=0.007, Fisher’s exact test). About 6% of myopic students had a history of myopia in both parents. In addition, both parents had a history of myopia in 1.9% of emmetropic students, whereas such an association was absent in the hyperopic students. Refractive error type in both genders was not significantly predicted by the activity type. Conclusion Although the different types of activities did not predict the types of refractive errors, the high prevalence of myopia among the college students at this age requires further studies to explore more about the clinical characteristics and risk factors of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan A Alsaif
- College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahamn Bin Fasial University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Mohanna Y Aljindan
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Fasial University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan M Alrammah
- College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahamn Bin Fasial University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Malak O Almulla
- College of Medicine, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahamn Bin Fasial University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia,
| | - Saad S Alshahrani
- Epidemiology Department, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Kahloun R, Khairallah M, Resnikoff S, Cicinelli MV, Flaxman SR, Das A, Jonas JB, Keeffe JE, Kempen JH, Leasher J, Limburg H, Naidoo K, Pesudovs K, Silvester AJ, Tahhan N, Taylor HR, Wong TY, Bourne RRA. Prevalence and causes of vision loss in North Africa and Middle East in 2015: magnitude, temporal trends and projections. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:863-870. [PMID: 30209082 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence and causes of vision impairment in North Africa and the Middle East (NAME) from 1990 to 2015 and to forecast projections for 2020. METHODS Based on a systematic review of medical literature, the prevalence of blindness (presenting visual acuity (PVA) <3/60 in the better eye), moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI; PVA <6/18 but ≥3/60) and mild vision impairment (PVA <6/12 but ≥6/18) was estimated for 2015 and 2020. RESULTS The age-standardised prevalence of blindness and MSVI for all ages and genders decreased from 1990 to 2015, from 1.72 (0.53-3.13) to 0.95% (0.32%-1.71%), and from 6.66 (3.09-10.69) to 4.62% (2.21%-7.33%), respectively, with slightly higher figures for women than men. Cataract was the most common cause of blindness in 1990 and 2015, followed by uncorrected refractive error. Uncorrected refractive error was the leading cause of MSVI in the NAME region in 1990 and 2015, followed by cataract. A reduction in the proportions of blindness and MSVI due to cataract, corneal opacity and trachoma is predicted by 2020. Conversely, an increase in the proportion of blindness attributable to uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy is expected. CONCLUSIONS In 2015 cataract and uncorrected refractive error were the major causes of vision loss in the NAME region. Proportions of vision impairment from cataract, corneal opacity and trachoma are expected to decrease by 2020, and those from uncorrected refractive error, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration are predicted to increase by 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rim Kahloun
- Les Ophtalmologistes Associés de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Moncef Khairallah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Serge Resnikoff
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Seth R Flaxman
- Department of Mathematics and Data Science Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aditi Das
- Health Education Yorkshire and the Humber, London, UK
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsmedizin, Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - John H Kempen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,MyungSung Christian Medical Center and Medical School, Discovery Eye Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Janet Leasher
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA
| | - Hans Limburg
- Health Information Services, Grootebroek, The Netherlands
| | - Kovin Naidoo
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,African Vision Research Institute, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | | | - Nina Tahhan
- Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hugh R Taylor
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rupert R A Bourne
- Vision and Eye Research Unit, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
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Burden of vision loss in the Eastern Mediterranean region, 1990-2015: findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study. Int J Public Health 2018; 63:199-210. [PMID: 28776250 PMCID: PMC5973987 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1000-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To report the estimated trend in prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to vision loss (VL) in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR) from 1990 to 2015. METHODS The estimated trends in age-standardized prevalence and the YLDs rate due to VL in 22 EMR countries were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015 study. The association of Socio-demographic Index (SDI) with changes in prevalence and YLDs of VL was evaluated using a multilevel mixed model. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of VL in the EMR was 18.2% in 1990 and 15.5% in 2015. The total age-standardized YLDs rate attributed to all-cause VL in EMR was 536.9 per 100,000 population in 1990 and 482.3 per 100,000 population in 2015. For each 0.1 unit increase in SDI, the age-standardized prevalence and YLDs rate of VL showed a reduction of 1.5% (p < 0.001) and 23.9 per 100,000 population (p < 0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The burden of VL is high in the EMR; however, it shows a descending trend over the past 25 years. EMR countries need to establish comprehensive eye care programs in their health care systems.
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20
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Bakkar MM, Alzghoul EA, Haddad MF. Clinical characteristics and causes of visual impairment in a low vision clinic in northern Jordan. Clin Ophthalmol 2018; 12:631-637. [PMID: 29662299 PMCID: PMC5892951 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s153754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to identify causes of visual impairment among patients attending a low vision clinic in the north of Jordan and to study the relevant demographic characteristics of these patients. Subjects and methods The retrospective study was conducted through a review of clinical records of 135 patients who attended a low vision clinic in Irbid. Clinical characteristics of the patients were collected, including age, gender, primary cause of low vision, best corrected visual acuity, and current prescribed low vision aids. Descriptive statistics analysis using numbers and percentages were calculated to summarize categorical and nominal data. Results A total of 135 patients (61 [45.2%] females and 74 [54.8%] males) were recruited in the study. Mean age ± standard deviation for the study population was 24.53 ± 16.245 years; age range was 5–90 years. Of the study population, 26 patients (19.3%) had mild visual impairment, 61 patients (45.2%) had moderate visual impairment, 27 patients (20.0%) had severe visual impairment, and 21 patients (15.6%) were blind. The leading causes of visual impairment across all age groups were albinism (31.9%) and retinitis pigmentosa (RP) (18.5%). Albinism also accounted for the leading cause of visual impairment among the pediatric age group (0–15 years) while albinism, RP, and keratoconus were the primary causes of visual impairment for older patients. A total of 59 patients (43.7%) were given low vision aids either for near or distance. The only prescribed low vision aids for distances were telescopes. For near, spectacle-type low vision aid was the most commonly prescribed low vision aids. Conclusion Low vision services in Jordan are still very limited. A national strategy programme to increase awareness of low vision services should be implemented, and health care policies should be enforced to cover low vision aids through the national medical insurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- May M Bakkar
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Eman A Alzghoul
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mera F Haddad
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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21
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Yu ZL, Hu XY, Wang YN, Ma Z. Scientometric analysis of published papers in global ophthalmology in the past ten years. Int J Ophthalmol 2017; 10:1898-1901. [PMID: 29259910 PMCID: PMC5733519 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2017.12.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the published papers of ophthalmology in past ten years and explore the development of ophthalmology. METHORDS The data of this study retrieved from Science Citation Index Expanded and downloaded online in November 2017, including all the papers with publication year from 2007-2016 were analyzed. The papers were based on the Web of Science category and the journals were based on the Journal Citation Report category. RESULTS The number of ophthalmology papers increased from 7450 to 9089 during 2007 to 2017. The average rate increased 2.2% annually. USA accounts for one thirds of the total and two thirds of the highly cited papers. In Asia, China, Japan and South Korea were in Top 10 by the number of ophthalmology papers. UK, Germany, Japan and Australia also had great impact in global ophthalmology. The hot spots included endothelial growth factor, optical coherence tomography and open-angle glaucoma. CONCLUSION USA is in the leading position in global ophthalmology. Part of Asian countries play an important role in the development of ophthalmology, but the impact needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Lu Yu
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Xin-Yue Hu
- Internatioanl Journal of Ophthalmology Press, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Na Wang
- Internatioanl Journal of Ophthalmology Press, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng Ma
- Institute of Scientific and Technical Information of China, Beijing 100038, China
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Jonas JB, Cheung CMG, Panda-Jonas S. Updates on the Epidemiology of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2017; 6:493-497. [PMID: 28906084 DOI: 10.22608/apo.2017251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This meta-analysis reports on current estimates of the prevalence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on a review of recent meta-analyses and literature research. Within an age of 45-85 years, global prevalences of any AMD, early AMD, and late AMD were 8.7% [95% credible interval (CrI), 4.3‒17.4], 8.0% (95% CrI, 4.0‒15.5), and 0.4% (95% CrI, 0.2-0.8). Early AMD was more common in individuals of European ancestry (11.2%) than in Asians (6.8%), whereas prevalence of late AMD did not differ significantly. AMD of any type was less common in individuals of African ancestry. The number of individuals with AMD was estimated to be 196 million (95% CrI, 140‒261) in 2020 and 288 million (95% CrI, 205‒399) in 2040. The worldwide number of persons blind (presenting visual acuity < 3/60) or with moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity < 6/18 to 3/60 inclusive) due to macular disease in 2010 was 2.1 million [95% uncertainty interval (UI), 1.9‒2.7] individuals out of 32.4 million individuals blind and 6.0 million (95% UI, 5.2‒8.1) persons out of 191 million people with MSVI. Age-standardized prevalence of macular diseases as cause of blindness in adults aged 50+ years worldwide decreased from 0.2% (95% UI, 0.2‒0.2) in 1990 to 0.1% (95% UI, 0.1‒0.2) in 2010; as cause for MSVI, it remained mostly unchanged (1990: 0.4%; 95% UI, 0.3‒0.5; 2010: 0.4%; 95% UI, 0.4‒0.6), with no significant sex difference. In 2015, AMD was the fourth most common cause of blindness globally (in approximately 5.8% of blind individuals) and third most common cause for MSVI (3.9%). These data show the globally increasing importance of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore National Eye Centre; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Boadi-Kusi SB, Hansraj R, Mashige KP, Osafo-Kwaako A, Ilechie AA, Abokyi S. Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness among Cocoa Farmers in Ghana. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2016; 24:17-23. [PMID: 27960580 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2016.1254805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among cocoa farmers in Ghana in order to formulate early intervention strategies. METHODS A cross-sectional study using multistage random sampling from four cocoa growing districts in Ghana was conducted from November 2013 to April 2014. A total of 512 cocoa farmers aged 40 years and older were interviewed and examined. The brief interview questionnaire was administered to elicit information on the demographics and socioeconomic details of participants. The examination included assessment of visual acuity (VA), retinoscopy, subjective refraction, direct ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and intraocular pressure (IOP). For quality assurance, a random sample of cocoa farmers were selected and re-examined independently. RESULTS Moderate to severe visual impairment (VA <6/18 to 3/60 in the better-seeing eye) was present in 89 participants (17.4%) and 27 (5.3%) were blind (presenting VA <3/60 in the better eye) defined using presenting VA. The main causes of visual impairment were cataract (45, 38.8%), uncorrected refractive error (42, 36.2%), posterior segment disorders (15, 12.9%), and corneal opacity (11, 9.5%). CONCLUSION The prevalence of visual impairment and blindness among cocoa farmers in Ghana is relatively high. The major causes of visual impairment and blindness are largely preventable or treatable, indicating the need for early eye care service interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bert Boadi-Kusi
- a Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Rekha Hansraj
- b Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Khathutshelo Percy Mashige
- b Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences , University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Alfred Osafo-Kwaako
- c Eye Surgeon, Rose Mompi Eye Hospital, Dansoman, Accra-Ghana and Margaret Marquad Hospital , Kpando-Volta Region , Ghana
| | - Alex Azuka Ilechie
- a Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
| | - Samuel Abokyi
- a Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences , University of Cape Coast , Cape Coast , Ghana
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Ammari W, Harrath S, Mbarek S, Mahmoud A, Chebbi W, Messaoud R, Khairallah M. [Incidence and causes of visual impairment in the district of Mahdia, in east Tunisia: Retrospective study of 1487 cases]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2016; 39:771-779. [PMID: 27745894 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study socio-demographic characteristics and main causes related to visual impairment (VI) as a function of age bracket and to analyze their trends over time in the district of Mahdia. METHOD A retrospective review was performed on 1487 cases of visual impairment registered with the social authorities in Mahdia, between 1980 and 2013. The social, demographic, vision exam findings and causes were ascertained and analyzed in an SPSS database. Incidence rates of VI and blindness due to various causes were calculated based on the demographic data from the NSI to estimate the time trends using the general linear regression model and Spearman correlation. RESULTS Analyses included 1487 participants with a median age of 47 years, 40.6% of cases were aged under 45 years. Children accounted for 11.1% (165 patients), while age was between 16 and 45 years in 29.5% (439 patients), between 46 and 65 years in 31.5% (469 patients) and greater than 65 years in 27.8% (414 patients). The sex-ratio (M/F) was 1.78. Socially, 51% came from rural areas, 62% were illiterate, and 84% were unemployed. We observed blindness in 70% of participants and low vision in 30%. In children, the causes were dominated by congenital cataract and congenital glaucoma, each present in 31 children (18.8%). Between 16 and 45 years, glaucoma and hereditary dystrophies of the retina were found in 62 and 61 patients respectively (14% each). For age between 46 and 65 years, trachoma was responsible for 19.8% of cases of VI, glaucoma in 15.8% and cataract in 15.1%. Beyond 65 years, glaucoma accounted for 30.7% of the causes of VI and cataract 27.8% of cases. Trend analysis shows a significant increase in the incidence rate of visual impairment with an average of 12% per year (P=0.001). The mean age increased by 46% (P=0.003). Trachoma increased by 118% (P<0.0001) between 1980 and 1990, then declined by 42% (P=0.0013) between 1991 and 2013. Incidence of VI significantly increased by 4% for cataract (P=0.001), 23% (P=0.001) for glaucoma and 20% (P=0.02) for diabetic retinopathy, while VI related to refractive errors and AMD showed no significant change. CONCLUSION Advanced age, lower educational and socio-economic status were associated with bilateral VI. Age related eye problems are the main causes of VI, and their incidence is tending to increase. Public health policies and procedures should be targeted to risk related populations and age-related diseases in order to control the incidence of visual impairment and avoid its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ammari
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Taher Sfar, Jbel Dar Waja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie.
| | - S Harrath
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Taher Sfar, Jbel Dar Waja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - S Mbarek
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Taher Sfar, Jbel Dar Waja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - A Mahmoud
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Taher Sfar, Jbel Dar Waja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - W Chebbi
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Taher Sfar, Jbel Dar Waja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - R Messaoud
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Taher Sfar, Jbel Dar Waja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
| | - M Khairallah
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Taher Sfar, Jbel Dar Waja, 5100 Mahdia, Tunisie
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Bourne RRA, Taylor HR, Flaxman SR, Keeffe J, Leasher J, Naidoo K, Pesudovs K, White RA, Wong TY, Resnikoff S, Jonas JB. Number of People Blind or Visually Impaired by Glaucoma Worldwide and in World Regions 1990 - 2010: A Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162229. [PMID: 27764086 PMCID: PMC5072735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the number of individuals visually impaired or blind due to glaucoma and to examine regional differences and temporal changes in this parameter for the period from 1990 to 2012. Methods As part of the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2010, we performed a systematic literature review for the period from 1980 to 2012. We primarily identified 14,908 relevant manuscripts, out of which 243 high-quality, population-based studies remained after review by an expert panel that involved application of selection criteria that dwelt on population representativeness and clarity of visual acuity methods used. Sixty-six specified the proportion attributable to glaucoma. The software tool DisMod-MR (Disease Modeling–Metaregression) of the GBD was used to calculate fraction of vision impairment due to glaucoma. Results In 2010, 2.1 million (95% Uncertainty Interval (UI):1.9,2.6) people were blind, and 4.2 (95% UI:3.7,5.8) million were visually impaired due to glaucoma. Glaucoma caused worldwide 6.6% (95% UI:5.9,7.9) of all blindness in 2010 and 2.2% (95% UI:2.0,2.8) of all moderate and severe visual impairment (MSVI). These figures were lower in regions with younger populations (<5% in South Asia) than in high-income regions with relatively old populations (>10%). From 1990 to 2010, the number of blind or visually impaired due to glaucoma increased by 0.8 million (95%UI:0.7, 1.1) or 62% and by 2.3 million (95%UI:2.1,3.5) or 83%, respectively. Percentage of global blindness caused by glaucoma increased between 1990 and 2010 from 4.4% (4.0,5.1) to 6.6%. Age-standardized prevalence of glaucoma related blindness and MSVI did not differ markedly between world regions nor between women. Significance By 2010, one out of 15 blind people was blind due to glaucoma, and one of 45 visually impaired people was visually impaired, highlighting the increasing global burden of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupert R. A. Bourne
- Vision & Eye Research Unit, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Hugh R. Taylor
- Melbourne School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Seth R. Flaxman
- School of Computer Science & Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Janet Leasher
- Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kovin Naidoo
- African Vision Research Institute, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa & Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Konrad Pesudovs
- NHMRC Centre for Clinical Eye Research, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard A. White
- Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tien Y. Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jost B. Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Visual Impairment among Older Adults in a Rural Community in Eastern China. J Ophthalmol 2016; 2016:9620542. [PMID: 27777793 PMCID: PMC5061962 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9620542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To determine the prevalence, causes, and associations of visual impairment (VI) among participants aged 60 years or older in a rural community in China. Methods. A community-based survey was undertaken in a rural town located in Eastern China and 4579 people aged 60 years or older participated in the study. Presenting visual acuity was assessed using a Snellen chart with tumbling-E optotypes and anterior segment was examined using a slit-lamp. VI was defined as presenting VA <6/18 and it included moderate VI (<6/18 to 6/60) and blindness (<6/60). Results. The prevalence of VI was 5.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.7–6.0). In multivariate analysis, the presence of VI was positively associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.12, 95% CI 1.10–1.16, per year increase), female gender (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 1.53–3.55), the presence of hypertension (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.001–1.85), living alone (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.08–2.62), and increased sleeping hours (OR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.001–1.22). Drinking 3 or more glasses of green tea per day was inversely associated with VI (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.63–0.98). Conclusion. VI was less prevalent in this community compared with previous report in other areas in China.
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Hatef E, Mohammadi SF, Alinia C, Ashrafi E, Mohammadi SM, Lashay A, Sadeghi-Tari A. National Burden of Eye Diseases in Iran, 1990-2010; Findings from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2010. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2016; 23:89-95. [PMID: 26957846 PMCID: PMC4759911 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.171781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost due to eye diseases and trends in DALYs in Iran has not been previously reported. The object of this study is to report the burden of eye diseases in Iran and to compare changes from 1990 to 2010 based on age and gender. Methods: Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010 (GBD 2010) are used to report DALYs for cataract, refraction/accommodation (functional) disorders, macular degeneration, and glaucoma. Results: Cataract, refraction/accommodation (functional) disorders, macular degeneration, and glaucoma were the 84th, 87th, 138th, and 151st causes of DALY in 1990 and the 89th, 72nd, 99th, and 137th in 2010, respectively. Cataract accounted for 0.085% of national DALY in 1990 and 0.09% in 2010, refraction/accommodation (functional) disorders accounted for 0.42% in 1990 and 0.47% in 2010, macular degeneration accounted for 0.017% in 1990 and 0.071% in 2010 and glaucoma accounted for 0.0099% in 1990 and 0.025% in 2010. There was a steady increase in DALY with age for each eye disease for both genders and dichotomized for males and females from 1990 to 2010. Conclusions: Epidemiologic transition is reflected in major ophthalmic and blinding diseases in the GBD data for Iran. The burden of macular degeneration is rising, followed by glaucoma. The burden of presbyopia affected individuals past their middle age. The burden of cataract manifested as a slower increase that could be attributable to better access to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Hatef
- General Preventive Medicine Residency Program, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Seyed-Farzad Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Non-Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Cyrus Alinia
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Ashrafi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S-Mehrdad Mohammadi
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Lashay
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Tari
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Alasbali T, Lofty NM, Al-Gehaban S, Al-Sharif A, Al-Kuraya H, Khandekar R. Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Eyes With Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Compared With Healthy Saudi Eyes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016; 5:196-201. [PMID: 27003731 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared the thickness of the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer at the macula (mGCIPL) and the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in different regions of the retina in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG group) and normal eyes (control group). DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study performed in 2014. METHODS Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure mGCIPL and RNFL thickness. Age-adjusted means and standard deviation were calculated. Age, sex, refractive status, corneal thickness, and stage/severity of glaucoma (defined by vertical cup-to-disc ratio and visual field changes) were associated to outcomes. Statistical significance was indicated by P < 0.05. RESULTS There were 50 eyes in the POAG group and 52 eyes in the control group. The difference in age between patients in both groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). The age-adjusted measurements were thinner for POAG with a mean difference (DF) of 11.1 μm for mGCIPL and 8 μm for mRNFL. The mGCIPL to mRFNL ratio was 2.1 in the POAG group and 1.9 in the control group (degrees of freedom = 0.2, P = 0.001). The mGCIPL and RNFL thickness decreased as the severity of glaucoma increased. The mGCIPL to mRNFL ratio was a predictor of the severity of field defects in POAG (AUROC = 0.66, P = 0.0002). Age and myopia were confounders to the association of OCT findings and the visual field changes in POAG (P = 0.07). CONCLUSIONS There was generalized thinning of retinal layers in eyes of nondiabetic Arab patients with POAG. OCT parameters can be important for detecting and monitoring glaucoma cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Alasbali
- From the *Imam Mohammed bin Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine; †Department of Ophthalmology, Specialized Medical Center; and ‡Research Department, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Population-based assessment of visual impairment among ethnic Dai adults in a rural community in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22590. [PMID: 26932265 PMCID: PMC4773863 DOI: 10.1038/srep22590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Dai ethnicity is one of the major Chinese ethnic minorities with a population of about 1.2 million. We aimed to determine the prevalence and potential causes of visual impairment (VI) among ethnic Dai adults aged 50 years or older in a rural community in China. A population-based survey including 2163 ethnic Dai people (80.5%) was undertaken using a random cluster sampling strategy. The detailed eye examination was performed after pupil dilation by trained study ophthalmologists and optometrists. Presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study logMAR chart and VI was defined as a VA of less than 20/63 in the better-seeing eye. The overall prevalence of presenting blindness and low vision was 3.0% (95% CI, 2.3-3.7) and 13.3% (95% CI, 11.9-14.8), respectively. The prevalence estimates were reduced to 2.1% (95% CI, 1.5-2.8) and 6.7% (95% CI, 5.7-7.8) when BCVA was considered. Men were more likely to be affected by low vision but less likely to be blind compared with women. Cataract accounted for 62.7% of presenting low vision and 68.8% of presenting blindness, respectively. In conclusion, VI was a significant health concern in Dai Chinese in China.
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Lucas RM, Norval M, Wright CY. Solar ultraviolet radiation in Africa: a systematic review and critical evaluation of the health risks and use of photoprotection. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:10-23. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00419e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the African continent experiences high solar UVB radiation throughout the year. The adverse consequences of this on the health of populations living in Africa are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn M. Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health
- The Australia National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Mary Norval
- Biomedical Sciences
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | - Caradee Y. Wright
- South African Medical Research Council and University of Pretoria
- Pretoria
- South Africa
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Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of moderate to severe visual impairment and blindness is 285 millions, with 65% of visually impaired and 82% of all blind people being 50 years and older. Meta-analyses have shown that two out of three blind people are women, a gender discrepancy that holds true for both developed and developing countries. Cataract accounts for more than half of all blindness globally and gender inequity in access to cataract surgery is the major cause of the higher prevalence of blindness in women. In addition to gender differences in cataract surgical coverage, population-based studies on the prevalence of lens opacities indicate that women have a higher risk of developing cataract. Laboratory as well as epidemiologic studies suggest that estrogen may confer antioxidative protection against cataractogenesis, but the withdrawal effect of estrogen in menopause leads to increased risk of cataract in women. For the other major age-related eye diseases; glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy, data are inconclusive. Due to anatomic factors, angle closure glaucoma is more common in women, whereas the dominating glaucoma type; primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), is more prevalent in men. Diabetic retinopathy also has a male predominance and vascular/circulatory factors have been implied both in diabetic retinopathy and in POAG. For AMD, data on gender differences are conflicting although some studies indicate increased prevalence of drusen and neovascular AMD in women. To conclude, both biologic and socioeconomic factors must be considered when investigating causes of gender differences in the prevalence of age-related eye disease.
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Chaker L, Buitendijk GHS, Dehghan A, Medici M, Hofman A, Vingerling JR, Franco OH, Klaver CCW, Peeters RP. Thyroid function and age-related macular degeneration: a prospective population-based cohort study--the Rotterdam Study. BMC Med 2015; 13:94. [PMID: 25903050 PMCID: PMC4407352 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-015-0329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In animal models, lack of thyroid hormone is associated with cone photoreceptor preservation, while administration of high doses of active thyroid hormone leads to deterioration. The association between thyroid function and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has not been investigated in the general population. METHODS Participants of age ≥ 55 years from the Rotterdam Study with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and/or free thyroxine (FT4) measurements and AMD assessment were included. We conducted age- and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models to explore the association of TSH or FT4 with AMD, in the full range and in those with TSH (0.4-4.0 mIU/L) and/or FT4 in normal range (11-25 pmol/L). Cox proportional hazards models were performed for the association of TSH or FT4 with retinal pigment alterations (RPA), as an early marker of retinal changes. Multivariable models additionally included cardiovascular risk factors and thyroid peroxidase antibodies positivity. We also performed stratification by age and sex. A bidirectional look-up in genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for thyroid parameters and AMD was performed. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are significantly associated with both phenotypes were identified. RESULTS We included 5,573 participants with a median follow-up of 6.9 years (interquartile range 4.4-10.8 years). During follow-up 805 people developed AMD. TSH levels were not associated with increased risk of AMD. Within normal range of FT4, participants in the highest FT4 quintile had a 1.34-fold increased risk of developing AMD, compared to individuals in the middle group (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.07-1.66). Higher FT4 values in the full range were associated with a higher risk of AMD (hazard ratio 1.04, CI, 1.01-1.06 per 1 pmol/L increase). Higher FT4 levels were similarly associated with a higher risk of RPA. Restricting analyses to euthyroid individuals, additional multivariable models, and stratification did not change estimates. We found a SNP (rs943080) in the VEGF-A gene, associated with AMD, to be significant in the TSH GWAS (P = 1.2 x 10(-4)). Adding this SNP to multivariable models did not change estimates. CONCLUSIONS Higher FT4 values are associated with increased risk of AMD - even in euthyroid individuals - and increased risk of RPA. Our data suggest an important role of thyroid hormone in pathways leading to AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layal Chaker
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marco Medici
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes R Vingerling
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Caroline C W Klaver
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ee502, PO Box 2040, 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kung JS, Choi DY, Cheema AS, Singh K. Cataract surgery in the glaucoma patient. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2015; 22:10-7. [PMID: 25624668 PMCID: PMC4302462 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.148343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To summarize the role of cataract surgery in the glaucoma patient, in terms of the effect on intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as diagnostic and therapeutic considerations for those with both conditions. Recent evidence suggests that cataract extraction may produce a significant and sustained IOP reduction in individuals with open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and angle-closure glaucoma. Cataract removal may improve the practitioner's ability to interpret perimetric testing, and re-establishing perimetric and optic nerve imaging baselines is recommended after cataract surgery. The sequence of cataract surgery relative to glaucoma surgery impacts the likelihood of complications and surgical success. There are multiple benefits to perform cataract surgery prior to glaucoma surgery while cataract surgery after trabeculectomy increases the risk of subsequent filtration failure. As “minimally invasive glaucoma surgeries” continue to improve in terms of efficacy, there is an evolving role for combined cataract and glaucoma surgery in patients with early to moderate stages of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Kung
- Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Daniel Y Choi
- Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Anjum S Cheema
- Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
| | - Kuldev Singh
- Byers Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Stanford University, California, USA
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